English: unfoldingWord® Translation Notes

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Genesis

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', 'front', 'intro', 'd9wn', '', '', '0', '', '# Introduction to Genesis

## Part 1: General Introduction

### Outline of Genesis

1. From the Creation to the Tower of Babel
- The account of the creation of the heavens and the earth (1:1–4:26)
- The account of Adam (5:1–6:8)
- The account of Noah (6:9–11:9)
- The account of Shem (11:10–11:26)
- The account of Terah (11:27–11:32)
1. The accounts of the Patriarchs
- The account of Abraham (12:1-25:11)
- The account of Ishmael (25:12–25:18)
- The account of Isaac, focusing on Jacob (25:19–35:29)
- The account of Esau (36:1–37:1)
- The account of Jacob, focusing on Joseph (37:2–50:26)

### What is Genesis about?

Genesis begins with the early years of creation. It tells about God creating heaven, earth, and the first humans. It also tells about the first time humans sinned. This caused humans to be separated from God and to eventually die. Genesis 1-11 briefly tells about other important events that occurred over many hundreds of years. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]])

Genesis is also about the beginning of God’s people. Genesis 12-50 tells about how God remained faithful to Abraham and his descendants. Abraham’s descendants became known as the Hebrews and later as the Israelites. These people would worship Yahweh and be his people.

Genesis ends with Abraham’s descendants living in Egypt with the hope of returning one day to the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])

### How should the title of this book be translated?

“Genesis” means “beginning,” so translators should express this idea in their title. Titles such as “The Beginning of Things” may be suitable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

### Who wrote Genesis?

The writers of both the Old and New Testaments presented Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Genesis. Since ancient times, both Jews and Christians have thought that Moses wrote Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.

## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

### What are the covenants mentioned in Genesis?

A covenant is a formal, binding agreement between two parties that one or both parties must fulfill.

God made three covenants in Genesis. In the covenant with Adam, God promised to bless Adam and cause him to prosper. Adam was not allowed to eat fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. God promised that Adam would die if he disobeyed what he commanded.

In the covenant with Noah, God promised to never again destroy the world with a flood.

In the covenant with Abraham, God promised to make Abraham’s descendants into a great nation. He also promised to protect them and to give them a land of their own.

### What was God’s purpose for the book of Genesis?

The book of Genesis says that God created a very good world. However, the world became cursed because human beings began to sin. But Genesis shows that God continues to have complete control over the world.

Genesis also describes the start of God’s plan to bless the whole world again. This is shown when God makes a covenant with Abraham. With this covenant, God chose Abraham and his descendants to be his people. God promised to bless the world through Abraham’s descendants.

### What was the custom for inheritance as described by Genesis?

There are several passages in Genesis that show the customs of a father who is about to die passing on a blessing to his son. Abraham blessed his son, Isaac, and made him the ancestor of the people of Israel. However, Ishmael, Abraham’s other son, did not receive that same divine blessing. Likewise, Isaac’s older son Esau did not receive the blessing. Isaac’s younger son, Jacob, received it instead. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])

Also, it was the custom for a man to divide among his sons his material wealth and land. All his sons received equal portions except the oldest son. The firstborn son received twice as much. His portion was called a double portion. Esau gave up his right to receive the double portion.

### How does Genesis present sin and evil?

Genesis presents sin as doing things that are against God’s word and God’s ways. It presents evil as the opposite of good.

Sin and evil have affected all people. This started when Adam disobeyed God in the Garden of Eden.

## Part 3: Important Translation Issues

### What is one way in which Genesis marks the beginning of important sections?

Genesis uses one Hebrew phrase that the ULT translates as “this is the record of,” “these were the events concerning,” or “these were the descendants of.” The information in these sections may have come from sources much older than Moses. These passages are 2:4; 5:1; 6:9; 10:1; 11:10, 27; 25:12, 19; 36:1, 9; 37:2.

If the translator wants to translate in only two ways, we recommend for most passages a phrase such as, “this is the record about” or “this is information about.” Some passages will be better translated, however, as “These were the descendants of.”

### Why are the beginnings of some narrative sections in Genesis difficult to translate?

Often in Genesis, the author first summarizes what is about to happen. Then in the following verses, the author tells the details of what happened. Probable examples of this style occur in Gen. 1:1, 6:22, 18:1, 21:1 and 22:1.

However, in many languages, it is preferred to write summaries at the end of a narrative. In this case, translators may choose a different approach. For example, in Gen. 1:1 (“In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth”), translators may decide to translate like this: “This is about how God made the heavens and the earth in the beginning.”

### What is the difference between “people,” “peoples,” and “people groups”?

The word “people” refers to all the individuals who belong to a group, such as “the people of Israel.” The word “peoples” (used in the ULT) refers to multiple groups of people. Each people group might speak their own language, have their own customs, and worships their own gods. Some different peoples in the ancient Near East were those of Israel, Egypt, Edom, Moab, and Ammon.

The expression “people groups” (used in the UST) means the same thing as “peoples” in the ULT. The translator should use the most equivalent term that is common in the project language.

### What is the relationship between individuals and peoples that have similar names?

Many individuals in Genesis eventually had large numbers of descendants who were called after their ancestor’s name. For example, Cush was the name of an individual. But, “Cush” also became the name of nation that his descendants formed. They were called “Cushites.” If possible, when translating these names, the translator should make the individual’s name and the nation’s name similar. Examples of this are “Cush” and “Cushite” or “Moab” and “Moabite.” Otherwise, the translator may say, “the descendants of Cush” or “the descendants of Moab.”

### What do the phrases “to this day” or “of today” mean?

These phrases were used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” and “of today” refer to a time already passed. The translator might decide to say, “to this day, at the time when this is being written,” or, “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Gen. 19:37, 19:38, 22:14, 26:33, 32:32, 35:20, 47:26, 48:18.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', 'intro', 'zb6f', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 01 General Notes

## Structure and formatting

This chapter presents the first account of God creating the world. There is a pattern to this account: “God said…God saw that it was good…This was evening and morning, the first day.” Translators should preserve this pattern in their versions.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### The universe

This account of creation is told within the framework of ancient Hebrew ideas about the universe: the earth was resting with water around it and below it. Over the earth was something like a vast dome, called “an expanse between the waters” (1:6), on top of which was more water. Translators should try to keep these original images in their work, even though readers in their project language might have a completely different idea of what the universe is like.

### Evening and morning

Genesis 1 presents the ancient Hebrew idea of a day: it begins with sunset, lasts through the night and continues through the daylight hours until the next sunset. This pattern should be preserved in translation, even if readers in the project language define “day” differently.

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “In the beginning”

Some languages and cultures speak of the world as if it has always existed, as if it had no beginning. But “very long ago” is different from “in the beginning,” and you need to be sure that your translation communicates correctly.

### “God said, ‘Let there be’”

This expression occurs often in this chapter. It can be difficult to translate, because God is not shown as talking to a particular person. If God is talking to a thing, it is something not yet in existence. Translators should find the most natural way in the project language to signal the idea that God spoke things into existence; he created the world and the things in it by simply commanding that they should exist.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '1', 'f2mg', '', '', '0', 'In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth', '“This is about how God made the heavens and the earth in the beginning.” This statement summarizes the rest of the chapter. Some languages translate it as “A very long time ago God created the heavens and the earth.” Translate it in a way that shows this actually happened and is not just a folk story.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '1', 'd49e', '', '', '0', 'In the beginning', 'This refers to the start of the world and everything in it.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '1', 'sk34', '', '', '0', 'the heavens and the earth', '“the sky, the ground, and everything in them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '1', 'mz2j', '', '', '0', 'heavens', 'This refers here to the sky.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '2', 'fn3q', '', '', '0', 'without form and empty', 'God had not yet put the world in order.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '2', 'ta3a', '', '', '0', 'the deep', '“the water” or “the deep water” or “the vast water”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '2', 'n2d9', '', '', '0', 'the surface of the waters', '“the surface of the water” or “the water”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '3', 'd7qw', 'figs-imperative', '', '0', 'Let there be light', 'This is a command. By commanding that light should exist, God made it exist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '4', 'h2r1', '', '', '0', 'God saw the light, that it was good', '“God considered the light and was pleased with it.” “Good” here means “pleasing” or “suitable.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '4', 'm8ue', '', '', '0', 'divided the light from the darkness', '“separated the light and the darkness” or “made it light at one time and dark at another.” This refers to God creating the daytime and the night time.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '5', 'gl7g', '', '', '0', 'This was evening and morning, the first day', 'God did these things on the first day that the universe existed.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '5', 'jc2d', 'figs-merism', '', '0', 'evening and morning', 'This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '6', 'urb3', 'figs-imperative', '', '0', 'Let there be an expanse…let it divide', 'These are commands. By commanding that the expanse should exist and that it divide the waters, God made it exist and divide the waters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '6', 't6zc', '', '', '0', 'expanse', 'large empty space. The Jewish people thought of this space as being shaped like the inside of dome or the inside of a bowl that is turned upside down.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '6', 'se1i', '', '', '0', 'between the waters', '“in the water”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '7', 'tq7f', '', '', '0', 'God made the expanse and divided the waters', '“In this way God made the expanse and divided the waters.” When God spoke, it happened. This sentence explains what God did when he spoke.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '7', 'mt8y', '', '', '0', 'It was so', '“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '8', 'ss9r', 'figs-merism', '', '0', 'evening and morning', 'This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '8', 's25m', '', '', '0', 'the second day', 'This refers to the second day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '9', 'zu6f', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'Let the waters…be gathered', 'This can be translated with an active verb. This is a command. By commanding that the waters gather together, God made them gather together. Alternate translation: “Let the waters…gather” or “Let the waters…come together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '9', 'iv2c', 'figs-imperative', '', '0', 'let the dry land appear', 'The water had covered the land. Now the water would move aside and some of the land would be uncovered. This is a command. By commanding that dry land should appear, God made it appear. Alternate translation: “let dry land become visible” or “let the dry land become clear” or “let the land be uncovered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '9', 'l151', '', '', '0', 'dry land', 'This refers to land that is not covered with water. It does not refer to land that is too dry for farming.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '9', 'ha33', '', '', '0', 'It was so', '“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears. See how you translated it in [Genesis 1:7](../01/07.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '10', 'g6hl', '', '', '0', 'the dry land “earth,” and', '“the part that was dry ‘earth,’ and”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '10', 'ey94', '', '', '0', 'He saw that it was good', 'Here “it” refers to the land and the sea. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](../01/04.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '11', 'd9q7', 'figs-imperative', '', '0', 'Let the earth sprout vegetation', 'This is a command. By commanding that vegetation should sprout on the earth, God made it sprout. Alternate translation: “Let vegetation sprout up on the earth” or “Let vegetation grow on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '11', 'q5yp', '', '', '0', 'vegetation: plants yielding seed and fruit trees bearing fruit', '“vegetation, each plant that bears seed and each tree that bears fruit” or “vegetation. Let them be plants that produce seeds and fruit trees that produce fruit.” Here “vegetation” is used here as a general term that includes all plants and trees.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '11', 'ssc1', '', '', '0', 'plants', 'These are kinds of vegetation that have soft stems, rather than woody stems.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '11', 'v3v1', '', '', '0', 'fruit trees bearing fruit whose seed is in the fruit', '“trees that bear fruit with seeds in them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '11', 'j3au', '', '', '0', 'each according to its own kind', 'The seeds would produce plants and trees that would be like the ones they came from. In this way, the plants and trees would “reproduce themselves” .']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '11', 'fx6h', '', '', '0', 'It was so', '“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:7](../01/07.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '12', 'd6s3', '', '', '0', 'God saw that it was good', 'Here “it” refers to the vegetation, plants, and trees. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:10](../01/10.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '13', 'ch8e', 'figs-merism', '', '0', 'evening and morning', 'This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '13', 'vw3s', '', '', '0', 'the third day', 'This refers to the third day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '14', 'sr8w', 'figs-imperative', '', '0', 'Let there be lights in the sky', 'This is a command. By commanding that lights should exist, God made them exist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '14', 'g95y', '', '', '0', 'lights in the sky', '“things that shine in the sky” or “things that give light in the sky.” This refers to the sun, moon, and stars.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '14', 't7b1', '', '', '0', 'in the sky', '“in the expanse of the sky” or “in the large space of the sky”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '14', 'uw3r', '', '', '0', 'to divide the day from the night', '“to separate the day from the night.” This means “to help us tell the difference between day and night.” The sun means it is daytime, and the moon and stars mean it is nighttime.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '14', 'm2r4', 'figs-imperative', '', '0', 'let them be as signs', 'This is a command. By commanding that they should serve as signs, God made them serve as signs. Alternate translation: “Let them serve as signs” or “let them show” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '14', 'e4bt', '', '', '0', 'signs', 'Here this means something that reveals or points to something.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '14', 'x7vq', '', '', '0', 'for seasons, for days and years', 'The sun, moon, and stars show the passing of time. This enables us to know when it is time for events that happen each week, month, or year.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '14', 'ln32', '', '', '0', 'seasons', 'times that are set aside for festivals and other things that people do']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '15', 'q4ne', 'figs-imperative', '', '0', 'Let them be lights in the sky to give light upon the earth', 'This is a command. By commanding that they should light the earth, God made them light the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '15', 'p48m', '', '', '0', 'to give light upon the earth', '“to shine light on the earth” or “to brighten the earth.” The earth does not self-shine but it is lit and so reflects light.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '15', 'y2g4', '', '', '0', 'It was so', '“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:7](../01/07.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '16', 'p5cz', '', '', '0', 'God made the two great lights', '“In this way God made the two great lights.” This sentence explains what God did when he spoke.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '16', 'z4uy', '', '', '0', 'the two great lights', '“the two large lights” or “the two bright lights.” The two great lights are the sun and the moon.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '16', 'byf5', 'figs-personification', '', '0', 'to rule the day', 'The lights that controlled the day are spoken of as if they were a human ruler that controlled what people do. Alternate translation: “to direct the daytime as a ruler directs a group of people” or “to mark the times of the day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '16', 'ce4u', '', '', '0', 'day', 'This refers only to the daylight hours.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '16', 'a3ky', '', '', '0', 'the lesser light', '“the smaller light” or “the dimmer light”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '17', 'n5jb', '', '', '0', 'in the sky', '“in the heavens” or “in the open space of the sky”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '18', 'uz9k', '', '', '0', 'to divide the light from the darkness', '“to separate the light from the darkness” or “to make it light at one time and dark at another.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](../01/04.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '18', 'ugh9', '', '', '0', 'God saw that it was good', 'Here “it” refers to the sun, moon, and stars. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](../01/04.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '19', 'ds1l', 'figs-merism', '', '0', 'evening and morning', 'This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '19', 'ukw9', '', '', '0', 'the fourth day', 'This refers to the fourth day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '20', 'uw3u', 'figs-imperative', '', '0', 'Let the waters be filled with great numbers of living creatures', 'This is a command. By commanding that living creatures should fill the waters, God made them exist. Some languages may have one word that refers to all kinds of fish and sea animals. Alternate translation: “Let the waters be full of many living things” or “Let many animals that swim live in the oceans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '20', 'g6cj', 'figs-imperative', '', '0', 'let birds fly', 'This is a command. By commanding that birds should fly, God made them fly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '20', 'p48l', '', '', '0', 'birds', '“animals that fly” or “flying things”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '20', 'mqw4', '', '', '0', 'the expanse of the sky', '“the open space of the sky” or “the sky”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '21', 'ks9m', '', '', '0', 'God created', '“In this way God created”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '21', 'j9az', '', '', '0', 'great sea creatures', '“large animals that live in the sea”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '21', 'hum1', '', '', '0', 'after its kind', 'Living things of the same “kind” are like the ones they came from. See how you translated “kind” in [Genesis 1:11,12](./11.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '21', 'p614', '', '', '0', 'every winged bird', '“every flying thing that has wings.” If the word for birds is used, it may be more natural in some languages to simply say “every bird,” since all birds have wings.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '21', 's322', '', '', '0', 'God saw that it was good', 'Here “it” refers to the birds and the fish. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](../01/04.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '22', 'y1bp', '', '', '0', 'blessed them', '“blessed the animals that he had made”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '22', 'ti8f', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'Be fruitful and multiply', 'This is God’s blessing. He told the sea animals to produce more sea animals like themselves, so that there would be many of them in the seas. The word “multiply” explains how they are to be “fruitful.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '22', 'e4tn', '', '', '0', 'multiply', 'increase greatly in number']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '22', 'lm9s', 'figs-imperative', '', '0', 'Let birds multiply', 'This is a command. By commanding that birds should multiply, God made birds multiply. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '22', 'sg3v', '', '', '0', 'birds', '“animals that fly” or “flying things.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:20](../01/20.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '23', 'kpz8', 'figs-merism', '', '0', 'evening and morning', 'This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '23', 'ne8k', '', '', '0', 'the fifth day', 'This refers to the fifth day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '24', 'ke21', 'figs-imperative', '', '0', 'Let the earth produce living creatures', '“Let the earth produce living things” or “Let many living animals live on the earth.” This is a command. By commanding that the earth should produce living creatures, God made the earth produce living creatures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '24', 'x6eu', '', '', '0', 'each according to its own kind', '“so that each kind of animal will produce more of its own kind”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '24', 'm1pi', '', '', '0', 'livestock, creeping things, and beasts of the earth', 'This shows that God created all kinds of animals. If your language has another way of grouping all the animals, you can use that, or you can use these groups.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '24', 'g2m4', '', '', '0', 'livestock', 'animals that people look after']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '24', 'yk9w', '', '', '0', 'creeping things', '“small animals”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '24', 'r6l3', '', '', '0', 'beasts of the earth', '“wild animals” or “dangerous animals”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '24', 'l3v2', '', '', '0', 'It was so', '“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:7](../01/07.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '25', 'm7h6', '', '', '0', 'God made the beasts', '“In this way God made the beasts”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '25', 's88h', '', '', '0', 'He saw that it was good', 'Here “it” refers to the living creatures on the earth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](../01/04.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '26', 'x8fd', 'figs-pronouns', '', '0', 'Let us make', 'The word “us” here refers to God. God was saying what he intended to do. The pronoun “us” is plural. Possible reasons for the plural use are (1) the plural form suggests that God is discussing something with the angels that make up his heavenly court or (2) the plural form foreshadows the later New Testament implications that God exists in the form of the Holy Trinity. Some translate it as “Let me make” or “I will make.” If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the word is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '26', 'xk37', '', '', '0', 'man', 'human beings']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '26', 'kt75', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'in our image, after our likeness', 'These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God made mankind to be like him. This verse does not tell in what ways God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people would look like God. Alternate translation: “to truly be like us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '26', 'st51', '', '', '0', 'have dominion over', '“rule over” or “have authority over”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '27', 'qip4', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'God created man…he created him', 'These two sentences mean the same thing and emphasize that God created people in his own image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '27', 'r7sx', '', '', '0', 'God created man', 'The way that God created man was different from the way he created everything else. Do not specify that he created man by simply speaking, as in the preceding verses.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '28', 'uiq2', '', '', '0', 'God blessed them', 'The word “them” refers to the man and woman God had created.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '28', 'tfr1', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'Be fruitful, and multiply', 'God told the man and the woman to produce more people like themselves so that there would be many of them. The word “multiply” explains how they are to be “fruitful.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:22](../01/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '28', 'a7nj', '', '', '0', 'Fill the earth', 'Fill the earth with people.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '30', 'j3is', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'God continues speaking.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '30', 'vc53', '', '', '0', 'every bird of the heavens', '“all the birds that fly in the sky”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '30', 'etp6', '', '', '0', 'that has the breath of life', '“that breathes.” This phrase emphasizes that these animals had a different kind of life than the plants. Plants do not breathe, and were to be used as food for the animals. Here “life” means physical life.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '30', 'di9p', '', '', '0', 'It was so', '“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated it in [Genesis 1:7](../01/07.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '31', 're3q', '', '', '0', 'Behold, it', '“This is true and important: it”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '31', 'r2m5', '', '', '0', 'it was very good', 'Now when God looked at everything he had made, it was “very good. “See how you translated “it was good” in [Genesis 1:10](../01/10.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '31', 'stn7', 'figs-merism', '', '0', 'evening and morning', 'This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '1', '31', 'vqp1', '', '', '0', 'the sixth day', 'This refers to the sixth day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in [Genesis 1:5](../01/05.md) and decide if you should translate this the same way.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', 'intro', 'nfp7', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 02 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Gen. 2:1-3 ends the first creation account, begun in the previous chapter. The second creation account, beginning in 2:4, is very different, using a more natural, story-telling style instead of following a set formula using repeated phrases. Translators should try to imitate this difference in their versions.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### The second creation account in Gen. 2:4-25

Gen. 2:4-25 presents an account of creation from a different viewpoint than the one given in Gen. 1:1-2:3. This second account should be regarded as filling out the first account, not as conflicting with it.

### Yahweh, the name of God

“Yahweh,” the personal name of God in the Old Testament, appears for the first time in this chapter. Translators must decide how to represent it in their versions. For 2,000 years, it has been traditional for many Christians to represent it with the term “the Lord.” Indeed, it is demanded by Roman Catholics for their Bible versions to continue doing this. Of course, the disadvantage of using “the Lord” is that this is a title for God, not a personal name. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]])

Translators who are not producing versions for Roman Catholics can consider transliterating the name “Yahweh,” approximating the name as best as their project languages allow.

Or translators can consider using expressions for the supreme god that might exist in their project languages, such as, “The Great One,” “The Ruler of All,” “The One who Never Sleeps,” etc. Of course, these are descriptive titles, not personal names, so they suffer from the same disadvantages that “the Lord” has.

Translators can also consider pairing a transliteration of “Yahweh” with a meaningful title for the supreme god in the project language. Whatever solution is found should be followed consistently when the name “Yahweh” occurs in the Scriptures.

### The Garden of Eden

This was not a vegetable garden or cultivated field. Instead, it was probably a large area of land with fruit trees and other plants bearing leaves, etc., that were good to eat. A river flowed out from the Garden of Eden, giving the impression that the Garden was a holy place; in the ancient Near East, temples had gardens and waterways. In Rev. 22:1-2, the throne of God in the New Jerusalem is pictured with a river flowing out from it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '1', 'c32g', '', '', '0', 'the heavens', '“the sky” or “the skies”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '1', 'u4a2', '', '', '0', 'and all the living things that filled them', '“and all the many living things that are in them” or “and all the crowds of living things in them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '1', 'yv5z', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'were finished', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God had finished creating them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '2', 'hi76', '', '', '0', 'On the seventh day God came to the end of his work', 'God did not work at all on the seventh day.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '2', 'qf2n', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'came to the end of', 'This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “had finished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '2', 'a69h', '', '', '0', 'he rested on the seventh day from all his work', '“on that day he did not work”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '3', 'k8jv', '', '', '0', 'God blessed the seventh day', 'Possible meanings are (1) God caused the seventh day to produce good result or (2) God said that the seventh day was good.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '3', 'k5p6', '', '', '0', 'sanctified it', '“set it apart” or “called it his own”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '3', 'dc8y', '', '', '0', 'in it he rested from all his work', '“on it he did not work”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '4', 'br8g', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The rest of Genesis 2 tells about how God created people on the sixth day.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '4', 'f65q', '', '', '0', 'These were the events concerning the heavens and the earth', '“This is the account of the heavens and the earth” or “This is the story about the heavens and the earth.” Possible meanings are (1) it is a summary of the events described in Genesis 1:1-2:3 or (2) it introduces the events described in Genesis 2. If possible, translate this so that people can understood it either way.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '4', 'e8kg', '', '', '0', 'they were created', '“Yahweh God created them.” In chapter 1 the writer always speaks of God as “God,” but in chapter 2 he always speaks of God as “Yahweh God.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '4', 'j1fv', '', '', '0', 'on the day that Yahweh God made', '“when Yahweh God created.” The word “day” refers to the whole time span of the creation, not to just one particular day.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '4', 'rpv8', '', '', '0', 'Yahweh', 'This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '5', 's14i', '', '', '0', 'No bush of the field', 'no shrubs growing in the wild that animals might eat']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '5', 'rk64', '', '', '0', 'no plant of the field', 'no leafy plants like vegetables or greens that both animals and humans can eat']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '5', 'ef6d', '', '', '0', 'to cultivate', 'to do everything he needed to do so that the plants would grow well']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '6', 'xfl8', '', '', '0', 'mist', 'Possible meanings are (1) something like dew or morning fog o (2) springs from underground streams.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '6', 'v3yt', '', '', '0', 'the whole surface of the ground', 'the entire earth']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '7', 'id8h', '', '', '0', 'formed man', '“molded man” or “shaped man” or “created man”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '7', 'dk8k', '', '', '0', 'man…man', '“a human being…the human” or “a person…the person” not specifically a male']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '7', 'hjr4', '', '', '0', 'his nostrils', '“his nose”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '7', 'ix5v', '', '', '0', 'breath of life', '“breath that makes things live.” Here “life” refers to physical life.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '8', 'ezu8', '', '', '0', 'a garden', 'This could have been an orchard of fruit trees or an area with all kinds of trees.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '8', 'mn4d', '', '', '0', 'eastward', 'in the east']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '9', 'rq2t', '', '', '0', 'the tree of life', '“the tree that gives people life”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '9', 'ff9d', '', '', '0', 'life', 'Here this means “eternal life” or life that does not end.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '9', 'p743', '', '', '0', 'the tree of the knowledge of good and evil', '“the tree that gives people the ability to understand both good and evil” or “the tree that makes people who eat its fruit able to know good things and bad things”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '9', 'rp99', 'figs-merism', '', '0', 'good and evil', 'This is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. Alternate translation: “everything, including both good and evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '9', 'r1nw', '', '', '0', 'in the midst of the garden', '“in the middle of the garden.” The two trees may not have been in the exact center of the garden.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '10', 'qg1f', '', '', '0', 'A river went out of Eden to water the garden', 'The garden was in Eden. The river continued to flow outside of Eden. “A river flowed through Eden to water the garden”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '11', 'nw6i', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Pishon', 'This is the only time this river is referred to in the Bible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '11', 'k6gw', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the whole land of Havilah', '“the whole land called Havilah.” It was somewhere in the Arabian Desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '11', 'i82f', 'figs-distinguish', '', '0', 'where there is gold', 'This phrase gives information about Havilah. Some languages would translate it as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “There is gold in Havilah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '12', 'x7hc', '', '', '0', 'There are also bdellium and the onyx stone', 'The word “there” is placed first in the sentence for emphasis. Alternate translation: “This is also where people can find bdellium and onyx stones”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '12', 'zst7', 'translate-unknown', '', '0', 'bdellium', 'This resin comes from a tree and smells nice. A resin is sticky stuff that comes out of some trees and can burn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '12', 'eyf8', 'translate-unknown', '', '0', 'the onyx stone', '“onyx stones.” Onyx is a certain kind of beautiful stone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '13', 'tr82', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Gihon', 'This is the only mention of this river in the Bible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '13', 'lzz9', '', '', '0', 'flows throughout the whole land of Cush', 'The river did not cover the whole land, but wound through various parts of the land.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '13', 'hc9p', '', '', '0', 'the whole land of Cush', '“the entire land called Cush”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '14', 'trw5', 'figs-distinguish', '', '0', 'which flows east of Ashur', '“which flows in the land east of the city of Ashur.” The Tigris River flows from north to south. The phrase “which flows east of Ashur” gives information about where the Tigris River is. Some languages would translate it as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “It flows east of Ashur” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '15', 'js9w', '', '', '0', 'the garden of Eden', '“the garden that was in Eden”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '15', 'e3ky', '', '', '0', 'to work it', '“to cultivate it.” This means to do everything necessary so that the plants will grow well.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '15', 'r7v3', '', '', '0', 'to maintain it', 'to guard against anything bad happening in it']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '16', 'c3wj', '', '', '0', 'From every tree in the garden', '“The fruit of every tree in the garden”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '16', 'b9cu', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'you', 'This pronoun is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '16', 'e4ij', '', '', '0', 'may freely eat', '“may eat without restriction”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '17', 'ydc7', '', '', '0', 'But from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you may not eat', 'These words complete the command that begins with the words “From every tree in the garden you may freely eat” in verse 15. In some languages, it may be more natural to say what is not permitted and to then say what is permitted, as in the UST.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '17', 'l1vi', '', '', '0', 'the tree of the knowledge of good and evil', '“the tree that gives people the ability to understand both good and evil” or “the tree that makes people who eat its fruit able to know good things and bad things.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:9](../02/09.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '17', 'up23', '', '', '0', 'you may not eat', '“I will not permit you to eat” or “you must not eat”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '18', 'jeg8', '', '', '0', 'I will make him a helper suitable for him', '“I will make a helper who is just right for him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '19', 'sb6j', '', '', '0', 'every animal of the field and every bird of the sky', 'The phrases “of the field” and “of the sky” tell where the animals and birds are usually found. Alternate translation: “all kinds of animals and birds”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '20', 'f5az', '', '', '0', 'all the livestock', '“all the animals that people look after”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '20', 'l5uf', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'there was found no helper suitable for him', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there was no companion that was right for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '21', 'vnf4', '', '', '0', 'caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man', '“caused the man to sleep intensely.” A deep sleep is a time of sleeping in which a person is not easily disturbed or wakened.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '21', 'm6wd', '', '', '0', 'flesh', 'This refers to the soft parts of the body like skin and muscle.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '22', 'i9u8', '', '', '0', 'With the rib…he made a woman', '“From the rib…he formed a woman.” The rib was the material God made the woman from.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '23', 'i7j8', '', '', '0', 'This time, this one is bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh', '“Finally, this one’s bones are like my bones, and her flesh is like my flesh.” After looking among all the animals for a partner and not finding one, he finally saw someone who was like him and could be his partner. The man was probably expressing his feeling of relief and joy.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '23', 's44p', '', '', '0', 'She will be called ‘woman,’ because she was taken out of man', 'The translator may want to write a footnote saying “The Hebrew word for ‘woman’ sounds like the Hebrew word for ‘man.’']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '24', 'yx3u', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'What follows is written by the author. The man did not say these things.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '24', 'v11k', '', '', '0', 'Therefore a man', '“That is why a man”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '24', 'ydt1', '', '', '0', 'a man will leave his father and his mother', '“a man will stop living in his father and mother’s home.” This is about men in general. It does not refer to any particular man at any particular time.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '24', 'tr8p', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'they will become one flesh', 'This idiom speaks of sexual activity as though the bodies that are together become one body. Alternate translation: “their two bodies will become one body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '25', 'h8mq', '', '', '0', 'They were both naked', 'The word “they” refers to the man and the woman that God had created.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '25', 't8n2', '', '', '0', 'naked', '“not wearing clothing”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '2', '25', 'ir9e', '', '', '0', 'but were not ashamed', '“they were not ashamed about being naked”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', 'intro', 'j7i3', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 03 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

This chapter continues the second creation account that began in Gen. 2:4. But a new section of this account begins in 3:1. The ULT reads, “Now the serpent was more shrewd than any other beast of the field which Yahweh God had made,” because this is how the Scriptures introduce the serpent into the account. However, many languages prefer different ways to introduce new characters or things into stories, for example, “One of the wild animals made by God was the serpent” or “This is about the serpent, one of the wild animals that God had made.”

Scholars typically refer to the events of this chapter as “the fall” or “the fall of man” because sin is introduced into creation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Curses

In this chapter, God curses the man, the woman, and the serpent for their sins. In general, cursing is calling down God’s punishment on someone or something. In this chapter, however, it is God himself who is doing the cursing. Of course, he does not call down punishment on the man, the woman, and the serpent from someone else. Instead, he is promising that he himself will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])

### Serpent
Most scholars believe that the serpent is Satan, even though his name is not used in this chapter. There are other places in Scripture where the serpent is used as an image for Satan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '1', 'm3hl', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'The writer is beginning a new part of the story.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '1', 'v5dp', '', '', '0', 'more shrewd', '“more cunning” or “smarter at getting what he wanted by telling lies”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '1', 'bp3b', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Has God really said, ‘You…garden’?', 'The snake is pretending to be surprised that God has made this rule. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am surprised that God said, ‘You…garden.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '1', 't1qz', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'You must not eat', 'The word “you” is plural and refers to the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '2', 'k94l', '', '', '0', 'We may eat', '“We are allowed to eat” or “We have permission to eat”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '3', 'ujz2', '', '', '0', 'but concerning the fruit…garden, God said, ‘You may not eat it, nor may you touch it, or you will die', 'These words are the end of Eve’s description of God’s command to them that begins with the words “We may eat” in verse 2. Eve told the serpent what God had permitted them to do first and then what God had told them not to do. Some languages would say what they were told not to do first and then say what they were allowed to do, as in the UST.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '3', 'b76r', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'You may not…nor may you…you will die', 'The word “you” is plural and refers to the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '3', 'n3h9', '', '', '0', 'You may not eat it', '“You must not eat it” or “Do not eat it”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '3', 'dhv7', '', '', '0', 'nor may you touch it', '“and you must not touch it” or “and do not touch it”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '4', 'fw9n', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'You will…not die', 'These words refer to the man and the woman and so are dual or plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '5', 'rvj9', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'you…your…you', 'These words refer to the man and the woman and so are dual or plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '5', 'k8qs', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'your eyes will be opened', '“your eyes will open.” This idiom means “you will become aware of things” or “you will understand new things.” This meaning can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “It will be as though your eyes were opened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '5', 'kv6j', 'figs-merism', '', '0', 'knowing good and evil', 'Here “good and evil” is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. See how you translated “knowledge of good and evil” in [Genesis 2:9](../02/09.md). Alternate translation: “knowing everything, including both good and evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '6', 'n2vt', '', '', '0', 'it was a delight to the eyes', '“the tree was delightful to look at” or “it was nice to look at” or “it was very beautiful”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '6', 'sw6q', '', '', '0', 'that the tree was desirable to make one wise', '“she wanted the tree’s fruit because it could make a person wise” or “she wanted its fruit because it could make her understand what was right and wrong just as God does”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '7', 'yn1e', '', '', '0', 'The eyes of both of them were opened', '“Then their eyes opened” or “They became aware” or “They understood.” See how you translated “your eyes will be opened” in [Genesis 3:5](../03/05.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '7', 'jp6y', '', '', '0', 'sewed', 'put together, probably using vines as thread']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '7', 'y6l1', '', '', '0', 'fig leaves', 'If people do not know what fig leaves are like, this can be translated as “large leaves from a fig tree” or simply “large leaves.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '7', 'l856', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'made coverings for themselves', 'They did this because they were ashamed. This implicit information can be made explicit if needed as in the UST. Alternate translation: “clothed themselves with them because they were ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '8', 'llf2', '', '', '0', 'in the cool of the day', '“at the time of day when a cool breeze blows”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '8', 'gi6e', '', '', '0', 'from the presence of Yahweh God', '“from Yahweh God’s sight” or “so that Yahweh God would not see them” or “from Yahweh God”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '9', 'c8sg', '', '', '0', 'Where are you?', '“Why are you trying to hide from me?” God knew where the man was. When the man answered, he did not say where he was but why he was hiding.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '9', 'ijl7', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'you', 'In verses 9 and 11, God was speaking to the man. Languages that have a singular form of “you” would use that here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '10', 'b8tp', '', '', '0', 'I heard you', '“I heard the sound you were making”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '11', 'ujb1', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Who told you', 'God knew the answer to this question. He asked it in order to force Adam to confess that he had disobeyed God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '11', 'hny5', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Have you eaten…from?', 'Again, God knew this had happened. Translate this question in a form that shows God was accusing Adam of disobedience. The sentence can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You must have eaten…from.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '13', 'fw79', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'What is this you have done?', 'God already knew what the woman had done. When he asked this question, he was giving her the opportunity to tell him about it, and he was expressing his disappointment with what she had done. Many languages use rhetorical questions for scolding or rebuking. If possible, use a form that expresses this disappointment. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '14', 'w3bn', '', '', '0', 'cursed are you alone', '“you alone are cursed.” The word “curse” is first in Hebrew in order to emphasize the contrast between God’s blessing on the animals and this curse on the serpent. This is a “curse formula,” or the way that curses were expressed. By saying this curse, God made it happen.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '14', 'x1b4', '', '', '0', 'all the livestock and all the beasts of the field', '“all domestic animals and all wild animals”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '14', 'yxn7', '', '', '0', 'It is on your stomach that you will go', '“You will move along the ground on your stomach.” The words “it is upon your stomach” comes first to emphasize the contrast between the way other animals would move along using their legs and the way the serpent would slither along on its stomach. This is also part of the curse formula.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '14', 'p527', '', '', '0', 'it is dust that you will eat', '“you will eat dust.” The words “it is dust” comes first to emphasize the contrast between the plants above the ground that other animals would eat and the dirty food on the ground that the serpent would eat. This is part of the curse formula.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '15', 'gi4d', '', '', '0', 'hostility between you and the woman', 'This means that the serpent and the woman would become enemies.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '15', 'p95z', '', '', '0', 'seed', 'The word “seed” refers to what a man puts into a woman to cause a baby to grow inside the woman. Like the word “offspring,” it can refer to more than one person. Try to find a word that is singular but can refer to more than one person.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '15', 'iyz4', 'figs-pronouns', '', '0', 'He will bruise…his heel', 'The words “he” and “his” refer to the woman’s descendant. If “seed” was translated as plural, this can be translated as “they will bruise…their heel”; in this case, consider inserting footnotes to say that the “they” and “their” are used to translate a singular pronoun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '15', 'k4z3', '', '', '0', 'bruise', '“crush” or “strike” or “attack”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '16', 'hk7l', '', '', '0', 'I will greatly multiply your pain', '“I will make your pain increase much” or “I will make your pain to be very severe”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '16', 'a74c', '', '', '0', 'in having children', '“in giving birth to children” or “when you give birth to children”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '16', 'rt5m', '', '', '0', 'Your desire will be for your husband', '“You will have a strong desire for your husband.” Possible meanings are (1) “You will want very much to be with your husband” or (2) “You will want to control your husband”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '16', 'mk2u', '', '', '0', 'he will rule over you', '“he will be your master” or “he will control you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '17', 'vtq5', '', '', '0', 'Adam', 'The name Adam is the same as the Hebrew word for “man.” Some translations say “Adam” and some say “the man.” You may use either form as it refers to the same person.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '17', 'f2pb', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'you have listened to the voice of your wife', 'This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have obeyed what your wife said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '17', 'jl8p', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'have eaten from the tree', 'You can say what it was that they ate. Alternate translation: “have eaten the fruit of the tree” or “have eaten some of the fruit of the tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '17', 'fhp5', '', '', '0', 'You may not eat from it', '“You must not eat from it” or “Do not eat its fruit”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '17', 'rlw9', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'cursed is the ground', 'The word “curse” comes first in the sentence to emphasize that the ground, which had been “good” ([Genesis 1:10](../01/10.md)), was now under God’s curse. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am cursing the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '17', 'zjr5', '', '', '0', 'through painful work', '“by doing hard work”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '17', 'dg63', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'you will eat from it', 'The word “it” refers to the ground and is a metonym for the parts of the plants, which grow in the ground, that people eat. Alternate translation: “you will eat what grows from it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '18', 'zc9v', '', '', '0', 'the plants of the field', 'Possible meanings are (1) “the plants that you take care of in your fields” or (2) “the wild plants that grow in the open fields.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '19', 'kc7j', '', '', '0', 'By the sweat of your face', '“By doing hard work that makes your face sweat”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '19', 'pl6i', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'you will eat bread', 'Here the word “bread” is a synecdoche for food in general. Alternate translation: “you will eat food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '19', 'z9pa', '', '', '0', 'until you return to the ground', '“until you die and your body is put in the ground.” In some cultures, they put the bodies of people who have died in a hole in the ground. Man’s hard work does not end until the time of his death and burial.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '19', 'hc39', '', '', '0', 'For dust you are, and to dust you will return', '“I made you from soil, so your body will become soil again.” Translate both occurrences of “dust” with the same word in order to show that man begins and ends in the same condition.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '20', 'lzl1', '', '', '0', 'The man', 'Some translations say “Adam.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '20', 'qic8', '', '', '0', 'called his wife’s name Eve', '“gave his wife the name Eve” or “named his wife Eve”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '20', 'pn1z', '', '', '0', 'Eve', 'Translators may write a footnote saying “The name Eve sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘living.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '20', 'wq8p', 'figs-nominaladj', '', '0', 'all the living', 'The word “living” refers to people. Alternate translation: “all people” or “all living people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '21', 'an9a', '', '', '0', 'garments of skins', '“clothing made out of animal skins”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '22', 've6w', '', '', '0', 'the man', 'Possible meanings are (1) God was referring to one human, the man, or (2) God was referring to humans in general, so this would mean the man and his wife. Even if God was speaking about one person, what he said applied to both of them.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '22', 'gnj9', '', '', '0', 'like one of us', '“like us.” The pronoun “us” is plural. See how you translated “Let us make” in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '22', 'x7q6', 'figs-merism', '', '0', 'knowing good and evil', 'Here “good and evil” is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. See how you translated “knowledge of good and evil” in [Genesis 2:9](../02/09.md). Alternate translation: “knowing everything, including both good and evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '22', 'vz41', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'he must not be allowed', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '22', 'qxt1', '', '', '0', 'tree of life', '“the tree that gives people life.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:9](../02/09.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '23', 't7zb', '', '', '0', 'the ground from which he had been taken', '“dirt because he had been taken from dirt.” This does not refer to the particular place on the land that the God took man from.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '23', 'dri1', '', '', '0', 'to cultivate', 'This means to what is needed so that plants grow well. See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:5](../02/05.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '24', 'lwk4', '', '', '0', 'So God drove the man out of the garden', '“God forced the man to leave the garden.” This refers to the event in [Genesis 3:23](../03/23.md), where it says “Yahweh God sent him out of the garden of Eden.” God did not send the man out a second time.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '24', 'jgc5', '', '', '0', 'in order to guard the way to the tree of life', '“in order to stop people from going to the tree of life”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '3', '24', 'uuj7', '', '', '0', 'flaming sword', 'Possible meanings are (1) a sword that had flames coming from it or (2) a fire that was shaped like a sword. Languages that do not have swords could use another weapon such as a spear or arrow.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', 'intro', 'a2f7', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 04 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Most of the text in this chapter is prose, but 4:23-24 is poetry. If the translator should put these two verses into poetic form, or at least into elegant speech, different from the rest of the chapter.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Vengeance

The theme of vengeance is important in this chapter. Ancient Hebrew society allowed for people to seek revenge if a relative was murdered. After Cain murdered his brother Abel, he thought that he would be helpless against this danger because he had been driven away from God’s protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])

The theme of vengeance continues with the words of Lamech, who had killed someone for injuring him:
“I have killed a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me. If Cain is avenged seven times as much, truly Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times as much” (Gen. 4:23b-24).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '1', 'eg45', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'The man knew Eve', 'This is a polite way of saying that the man had sexual relations with Eve. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '1', 'vph2', '', '', '0', 'The man', '“the human being” or “Adam”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '1', 'l6v2', '', '', '0', 'I have produced a man', 'The word for “man” typically describes an adult male, rather than a baby or child. If that would cause confusion, it could be translated as “manchild” or “boy” or “baby boy” or “son.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '1', 'g2tx', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Cain', 'Translators may want to include a footnote that says “The name Cain sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘produce.’ Eve named him Cain because she produced him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '2', 'hv71', '', '', '0', 'Then she gave birth', 'We do not know how much time passed between the births of Cain and Abel. They may have been twins, or Abel may have been born after Eve became pregnant again. If possible, use an expression that does not tell how much time passed.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '2', 'bpy1', '', '', '0', 'cultivated', 'This means he did everything he needed to do so that the plants would grow well. See how “cultivate” is translated in [Genesis 2:5](../02/05.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '3', 'x19b', '', '', '0', 'It came about that', 'This phrase is used to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using that method here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '3', 'pvj2', '', '', '0', 'in the course of time', 'Possible meanings are (1) “after some time had passed” or (2) “at the right time”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '3', 'ph1l', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'fruit of the ground', 'This refers to the food that came from plants he had tended. Alternate translation: “crops” or “harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '4', 'zq2f', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'some of the fat', 'This refers to the fatty parts of the lambs that he had killed, it was the best part of the animal. Alternate translation: “some of their fat parts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '4', 'mi4f', '', '', '0', 'accepted', '“looked favorably upon” or “was pleased with”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '5', 'rcs4', '', '', '0', 'did not accept', '“did not look favorably upon” or “was not pleased with”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '5', 'dyg6', '', '', '0', 'was very angry', 'Some languages have an idiom for anger such as “He burned” or “His anger burned.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '5', 'bwt7', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'he scowled', 'This means that the expression on his face showed that he was angry or jealous. Some languages have an idiom that describes what a person’s face looks like when he is angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '6', 'pu1k', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Why are you angry and why are you scowling?', 'God used these rhetorical questions to tell Cain that he was wrong to be angry and scowl. They may also have been intended to give Cain an opportunity to confess that he was wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '7', 'ln9v', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'If you…will you not be accepted?', 'God used this rhetorical question to remind Cain of something Cain should have already known. Alternate translation: “You know that if you do what is right, I will accept you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '7', 'j7ks', 'figs-personification', '', '0', 'But if you do not…you must rule over it', 'God speaks of sin as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “But if you do not do what is right, you will desire to sin even more, and then you will do sinful things. You must refuse to obey it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '7', 'eqb2', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'sin crouches…to control you', 'Here sin is spoken of as a dangerous wild animal that is waiting for the chance to attack Cain. Alternate translation: “you will become so angry that you will not be able to stop sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '7', 'x8lx', '', '', '0', 'sin', 'Languages that do not have a noun that means “sin” could translate this as “your desire to sin” or “the bad things you want to do.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '7', 's7tk', 'figs-personification', '', '0', 'you must rule over it', 'Yahweh speaks of Cain’s desire to sin as if it were a person over whom Cain should rule. Alternate translation: “you must control it so you do not sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '8', 'n4x9', 'translate-textvariants', '', '0', 'Cain spoke to Abel his brother.', 'Some early translations tell explicitly what Cain said to his brother. You may want to do the same if it is present in your national version. Alternate translation: “Cain said to Abel his brother, ‘Let us go into the fields.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '8', 'h58l', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'brother', 'Abel was Cain’s younger brother. Some languages may need to use the word for “younger brother.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '8', 'znp9', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'rose up against', 'Standing up to fight against a person is an idiom for attacking him. Alternate translation: “attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '9', 'rc6x', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Where is Abel your brother', 'God knew that Cain had killed Abel, but he asked Cain this question so that Cain would have to answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '9', 'r4il', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Am I my brother’s keeper?', 'Cain used this rhetorical question so that he would not have to tell the truth. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not my brother’s keeper!” or “You know that taking care of my brother is not my job!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '10', 'fs9s', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'What have you done?', 'God uses a rhetorical question to rebuke Cain. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have done is terrible!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '10', 'epa5', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Your brother’s blood is calling out to me', 'Abel’s blood is a metonym for his death, as if it were a person calling out for God to punish Cain. Alternate translation: “Your brother’s blood is like a person calling out to me to punish the person who killed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '11', 'xi71', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'Now cursed are you from the ground', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am cursing you so that you will not be able to grow food from the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '11', 'p2h4', 'figs-personification', '', '0', 'which has opened its mouth to receive your brother’s blood', 'God speaks of the earth as if it were a person who could drink Abel’s blood. Alternate translation: “which is soaked with your brother’s blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '11', 'n89j', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'from your hand', 'Here Cain is represented by his “hand,” to emphasize that he personally had killed his brother. Alternate translation: “that spilled when you killed him” or “from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '12', 's7z7', '', '', '0', 'cultivate', 'This means to do everything necessary to do so that the plants would grow well. See how “cultivate” is translated in [Genesis 2:5](../02/05.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '12', 't858', 'figs-personification', '', '0', 'it will not yield to you its strength', 'The ground is personified as if it were a person who loses strength. Alternate translation: “the ground will not produce much food for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '12', 'vn98', 'figs-hendiadys', '', '0', 'A fugitive and a wanderer', 'You can join these words together. Alternate translation: “A homeless wanderer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '14', 'e7mj', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'I will be hidden from your face', 'The term “your face” represents God’s presence. Alternate translation: “I will not be able to speak to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '14', 'qwi8', '', '', '0', 'a fugitive and a wanderer', 'See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:12](../04/12.md)']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '15', 'zay8', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'vengeance will be taken on him sevenfold', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will take vengeance on him seven times” or “I will punish that person seven times as severely as I am punishing you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '15', 'y97q', '', '', '0', 'would not attack him', '“would not kill Cain”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '16', 'f6yy', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'went out from the presence of Yahweh', 'Even though Yahweh is everywhere, this idiom speaks of Cain as though he went far away. Alternate translation: “went away from where Yahweh spoke to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '16', 'rx4d', '', '', '0', 'Nod', 'Translators may add a footnote saying “The word Nod means ‘wandering.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '17', 's2i7', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'Cain knew his wife', 'This is a polite way of saying that Cain had sexual relations with his wife. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:1](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '17', 'bf1z', '', '', '0', 'He built a city', '“Cain built a city”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '18', 'n5ni', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'To Enoch was born Irad', 'It is implied that Enoch grew up and married a woman. Alternate translation: “Enoch grew up and married and became the father of a son whom he named Irad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '18', 'l1gq', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Irad', 'This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '19', 'bm1j', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Adah…Zillah', 'women’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '20', 'urt3', '', '', '0', 'Adah', 'See how you translated this woman’s name in [Genesis 4:19](../04/19.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '20', 'll8c', '', '', '0', 'He was the father of those who lived in tents', 'Possible meanings are (1) “He was the first person to live in a tent” or (2) “He and his descendants lived in tents.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '20', 'fpv4', '', '', '0', 'who lived in tents who have livestock', 'people who both live in tents and also take care of animals']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '21', 'fv9d', '', '', '0', 'He was the father of those who play the harp and pipe', 'Possible meanings are (1) “He was the first person to play the harp and pipe” or (2) “He and his descendants played the harp and pipe.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '22', 'm5qg', '', '', '0', 'Zillah', 'See how you translated this woman’s name in [Genesis 4:19](../04/19.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '22', 'n1k8', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Tubal-Cain', 'the name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '22', 'c64b', '', '', '0', 'the forger of tools of bronze and iron', '“who made tools out of bronze and iron”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '22', 'k7q7', '', '', '0', 'iron', 'a very strong metal used to make tools and weapons.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '23', 'p6mu', '', '', '0', 'Adah…Zillah', 'See how you translated these women’s names in [Genesis 4:19](../04/19.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '23', 'f7di', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'listen to my voice…listen to what I say', 'Lamech said the same thing twice for emphasis. His voice is a synecdoche for his whole person. Alternate translation: “listen carefully to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '23', 'pa9h', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me', 'Lamech killed only one person. These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the certainty of his action. Alternate translation: “a young man because he hurt me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '24', 'reh3', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'If Cain is avenged seven times, then Lamech', 'Lamech knows that God will avenge Cain seven times. Alternate translation: “Since God will punish anyone who kills Cain seven times, Lamech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '24', 'w88s', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'then Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whoever kills me, God will punish seventy-seven times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '24', 'mz2s', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'seventy-seven', '77 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '25', 'g5y9', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'Adam knew his wife', 'This is a polite way of saying that Adam had sexual relations with his wife. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:1](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '25', 'y7i8', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'said, “God has given me another son', 'This is the reason that she named him Seth. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “explained, ‘God has given me another child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '25', 't9w6', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Seth', 'Translators may add a footnote that says “This name sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘has given.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '26', 'aua4', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'A son was born to Seth', 'This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Seth’s wife bore him a son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '4', '26', 'i4rs', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'to call on the name of Yahweh', 'This is the first time people called God by the name Yahweh. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “to worship God by using the name Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', 'intro', 'v62r', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 05 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

This chapter provides the first of many lists of descendants in the Bible. This is not a simple list, because the author makes comments about each person. Translators should format this text in the way that is clearest in the project language. Many may choose to introduce each new person in a separate paragraph, as the ULT and UST do.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '1', 'wj9n', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'This is the beginning of the list of Adam’s descendants.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '1', 'qwp1', 'figs-pronouns', '', '0', 'in his own likeness', 'This phrase means that God made mankind to be like him. This verse does not tell in what ways God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people would look like God. See how “after our likeness” is translated in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md). Alternate translation: “to truly be like us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '2', 'j6nz', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'when they were created', 'This can be made active. Alternate translation: “when he created them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '3', 'zcj2', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', '130', 'Translators may write the words “one hundred thirty.” (The ULT and the UST use numerals if the number has three or more words; they use words if a number has only one or two words.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '3', 'a62w', '', '', '0', 'he became the father of a son', '“he had a son”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '3', 'al1g', '', '', '0', 'in his own likeness, after his image', 'These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used as a reminder that God made man in his own image. See how you translated similar phrases in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '3', 't33a', '', '', '0', 'Seth', 'See how you translated this name in [Genesis 4:25](../04/25.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '4', 'k8qg', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'eight hundred', 'Translators may write the numerals “800.” (The ULT and the UST use numerals if the number has three or more words; they use words if a number has only one or two words.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '4', 'y8af', '', '', '0', 'He became the father of more sons and daughters', '“He had more sons and daughters”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '5', 'j99s', '', '', '0', 'then he died', 'This phrase will be repeated throughout the chapter. Use the ordinary word for “died.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '5', 'tw8v', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'Adam lived 930 years', '“Adam lived nine hundred and thirty years.” People used to live a very long time. Use your ordinary word for “years.” Alternate translation: “Adam lived a total of 930 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '6', 'r7dg', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', '105 years', '“one hundred and five years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '6', 'lqy1', '', '', '0', 'he became the father of Enosh', 'Here “father” means his actual father, not his grandfather. Alternate translation: “he had his son Enosh”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '6', 'ek6r', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Enosh', 'This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '7', 't48l', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', '807 years', '“eight hundred and seven years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '7', 'g73m', '', '', '0', 'and became the father of more sons and daughters', '“and had more sons and daughters”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '8', 'sh2z', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'Seth lived 912 years', '“Seth lived nine hundred and twelve years.” Seth lived a total of 912 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '8', 'wqz6', '', '', '0', 'then he died', 'This phrase is repeated throughout the chapter. Use the ordinary word for “died.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '9', 'qbk4', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '9', 'es59', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'ninety years', '“90 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '10', 'q4y5', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', '815 years', '“eight hundred and fifteen years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '11', 'kjj5', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', '905 years', '“nine hundred and give years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '12', 's2nr', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '12', 'xpk5', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'seventy years', '“70 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '13', 'n3df', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', '840 years', '“eight hundred and forty years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '14', 'k461', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', '910 years', '“nine hundred and ten years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '15', 'bi8l', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '18', 'hfg3', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '21', 'i3dx', '', '', '0', 'he became the father of Methuselah', '“he had his son Methuselah”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '21', 'se6e', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Methuselah', 'This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '22', 'w9tp', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Enoch walked with God', 'To walk with someone is a metaphor for being in a close relationship with him. Alternate translation: “Enoch had a close relationship with God” or “Enoch lived in union with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '22', 'bmi4', '', '', '0', 'He became the father of more sons and daughters', '“He had more sons and daughters”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '23', 'rs6f', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'Enoch lived 365 years', '“Enoch lived three hundred and sixty-five years.” Enoch lived a total of 365 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '24', 'nyq3', '', '', '0', 'then he was gone', 'The word “he” refers to Enoch. He was no longer on earth.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '24', 'lhk8', '', '', '0', 'for God took him', 'This means that God took Enoch to be with himself (God).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '25', 'y9rj', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '25', 'nk49', '', '', '0', 'Lamech', 'This Lamech is different from the Lamech in [Genesis 4:18](../04/18.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '28', 'ljh7', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', '182 years', '“one hundred and eighty-two years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '28', 'u994', '', '', '0', 'became the father of a son', '“had a son”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '29', 'fk97', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Noah', 'Translators may want to add a footnote that says: “This name sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘rest.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '29', 'lr8d', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'from our work and from the painful labor of our hands', 'Lamech says the same thing twice to emphasize how hard the work was. Alternate translation: “from working so hard with our hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '30', 'ah2j', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', '595 years', '“five hundred and ninety-five years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '31', 'kv28', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'Lamech lived 777 years', '“Lamech lived seven hundred seventy-seven years.” Lamech lived a total of 777 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '32', 'z148', '', '', '0', 'he became the father of', '“he had his sons.” This does not tell us whether the sons were born on the same day or in different years.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '5', '32', 'n65e', '', '', '0', 'Shem, Ham, and Japheth', 'These sons may not be listed in the order of their birth. There is disagreement about which one was the oldest. Avoid translating this in a way that implies that the list is in the order of their ages.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', 'intro', 'ak78', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 06 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Beginning in 6:22, the author gives statements summarizing events he tells about again in the text that follows. In the next chapter, the author sometimes gives summary statements that introduce events for the first time. If these statements, and the surrounding events, are not carefully translated, readers can believe that the same events happened twice or three times instead of only one time. Translators should be careful not to give this impression.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '1', 'x6gk', '', '', '0', 'It came about', 'This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '1', 'dj4v', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'daughters were born to them', 'This can be active. Alternate translation: “the women bore daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '2', 'l1va', '', '', '0', 'sons of God', 'Translators could add a footnote saying: “It is not clear whether this refers to heavenly beings or human beings. In either case, they were beings that God created.” Some believe these words refer to angels who rebelled against God, that is, evil spirits or demons. Others think this may refer to powerful political rulers, and others think this may refer to the descendants of Seth.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '3', 'lz4s', '', '', '0', 'My spirit', 'Here Yahweh is talking about himself and his spirit, which is the Spirit of God.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '3', 'et8s', '', '', '0', 'flesh', 'This means that they have physical bodies that will one day die.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '3', 'pvv2', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'They will live 120 years', '“They will live one hundred and twenty years.” Possible meanings are (1) the normal lifespan of people would decrease to 120 years. Alternate translation: “They will not live more than 120 years” or (2) in 120 years everyone would die. Alternate translation: “They will live only 120 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '4', 'e44a', '', '', '0', 'Giants', 'very tall, large people']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '4', 'ih17', '', '', '0', 'This happened when', '“The giants were born because”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '4', 'et78', '', '', '0', 'sons of God', 'See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:2](../06/02.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '4', 'slb2', '', '', '0', 'These were the mighty men of old', '“These giants were the mighty men who lived long ago” or “These children grew to become the powerful fighters who lived long ago”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '4', 'sk1e', '', '', '0', 'mighty men', 'men who are courageous and victorious in battle']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '4', 'u34f', '', '', '0', 'men of renown', '“famous men”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '5', 'q6rz', '', '', '0', 'every inclination of the thoughts of their hearts', '“everything their hearts wanted to think about”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '5', 'id88', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'the thoughts of their hearts', 'The writer speaks of the heart as if it were the part of the body that thinks. Your language may use a word other than “heart” to talk about the part of people that thinks. Alternate translation: “their inner, secret thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '6', 'mr7b', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'it grieved him to his heart', 'The writer speaks of the heart as if it were the part of the body that feels sadness. Your language may use a word other than “heart” to talk about the emotions. Alternate translation: “he was very, very sad about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '7', 'tk23', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'I will wipe away mankind…from the surface of the earth', 'The writer speaks of God killing people as if God were wiping dirt off a flat surface. Alternate translation: “I will destroy mankind…so that there will not be any people on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '7', 'if98', 'figs-distinguish', '', '0', 'I will wipe away mankind whom I have created', 'Some languages would need to translate this as two sentences. Alternate translation: “I created mankind. I will wipe them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '7', 'ss97', '', '', '0', 'wipe away', '“completely destroy.” Here “wipe away” is used in a negative sense, for God is talking about destroying the people because of their sin.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '8', 'sc4m', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Noah found favor in the eyes of Yahweh', 'The phrase “found favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “Yahweh looked favorably on Noah” or “Yahweh was pleased with Noah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '9', 'y7rc', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'This begins the story of Noah, which continues into chapter 9.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '9', 'nwq5', '', '', '0', 'These were the events concerning Noah', '“This is the account of Noah”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '9', 'eh9u', '', '', '0', 'walked with God', 'See how you translated this in [Genesis 5:21](../05/21.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '10', 'sf7p', '', '', '0', 'Noah became the father of three sons', '“Noah had three sons” or “Noah’s wife had three sons”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '10', 'kk5r', '', '', '0', 'Shem, Ham, and Japheth', 'Translators may add the following footnote: “The sons are not listed in the order in which they were born.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '11', 'ym2f', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'The earth', 'Possible meanings are (1) the people who lived on the earth or (2) “The earth itself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '11', 'cmt9', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'was corrupt', 'The people doing what is evil is spoken of as if they were food that has become rotten. Alternate translation: “was rotten” or “was completely evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '11', 'uj42', '', '', '0', 'before God', 'Possible meanings are (1) “in God’s sight” or (2) “in the presence of Yahweh” as in [Genesis 4:16](../04/16.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '11', 'taq9', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'and it was filled with violence', 'The writer speaks of violence as if it were something that could be put into a container and of the earth as a container. Alternate translation: “and there were very many violent people on the earth” or “because it was full of people who did evil things to each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '12', 'j3ek', '', '', '0', 'behold', 'The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '12', 'ut53', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'all flesh', 'Possible meanings for what “all flesh” represents are (1) all human beings or (2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '12', 'ds5x', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'had corrupted their way', 'How a person behaves is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Alternate translation: “had stopped living the way God wanted” or “had behaved in an evil way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '13', 'qem8', '', '', '0', 'all flesh', 'See how you translated these words in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '13', 'hw2i', '', '', '0', 'the earth is filled with violence through them', '“people everywhere on earth are violent”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '13', 'tw4l', '', '', '0', 'I will destroy them with the earth', '“I will destroy both them and the earth” or “I will destroy them when I destroy the earth”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '14', 'c3m5', '', '', '0', 'an ark', 'This refers to a very large box that would be able to float on water even in a very bad storm. “a large boat” or “a ship” or “a barge”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '14', 'm88q', '', '', '0', 'cypress wood', 'People do not know exactly what kind of tree this was. “wood used for building boats” or “good wood”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '14', 'a94b', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'cover it with pitch', 'The reason for doing this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “spread pitch on it” or “paint tar on it” or “cover it with pitch to make it waterproof” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '14', 'ryf4', '', '', '0', 'pitch', 'This is a thick, sticky or oily liquid that people put on the outside of a boat to stop water from going through gaps in the wood into the boat.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '15', 'cz5l', 'translate-bdistance', '', '0', 'cubits', 'A cubit was a unit of measure, a little less than half a meter long. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '15', 'xri9', 'translate-bdistance', '', '0', 'three hundred cubits', '“138 meters.” You may use the Hebrew measuring units from the ULT or the metric units from the UST or your own culture’s units if you know how they compare to the metric units. You may also write a footnote that says: “Three hundred cubits is about 138 meters.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '15', 'y496', 'translate-bdistance', '', '0', 'fifty cubits', '“twenty-three meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '15', 'u2h3', 'translate-bdistance', '', '0', 'thirty cubits', '“fourteen meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '16', 'bv39', '', '', '0', 'a roof for the ark', 'This was probably a peaked or slanted roof. Its purpose was to protect everything in the ark from the rain.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '16', 'se34', 'translate-bdistance', '', '0', 'cubit', 'A cubit was a little less than half a meter long. See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:15](../06/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '16', 'ml4z', '', '', '0', 'a lower, a second, and a third deck', '“a lower deck, a middle deck, and an upper deck” or “three decks inside”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '16', 'gl2q', '', '', '0', 'deck', '“floor” or “level”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '17', 'f72f', '', '', '0', 'Listen', 'God said this in order to emphasize that he would do what he was about to say. “Pay attention” or “Listen to what I am saying”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '17', 'b6s7', 'figs-go', '', '0', 'I am about to bring the flood of waters', 'In some languages it may b e better to say “to send” instead of “to bring. It is also possible to avoid the direction and say “to cause.” Alternate translation: “I am about to send a flood of waters” or “I am about to cause a flood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '17', 'h8ev', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'all flesh', 'Here “flesh” represents all physical beings, including humans and animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '17', 'jv7g', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'that has in it the breath of life', 'Here “breath” represents life. Alternate translation: “that lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '18', 'ycd4', '', '', '0', 'establish my covenant with you', '“make a covenant between you and me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '18', 'uqa9', '', '', '0', 'with you', 'with Noah']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '18', 'c9jq', '', '', '0', 'You will come into the ark', '“You will enter the ark.” Some translations say “You will go into the ark.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '19', 'gs78', '', '', '0', 'Of every living creature of all flesh, two of every kind you must bring into the ark', '“You must bring into the ark two of every kind of living creature”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '19', 'x8zw', '', '', '0', 'creature', 'an animal God created']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '19', 'v6ar', '', '', '0', 'all flesh', 'See how you translated these words in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '20', 'v1mj', '', '', '0', 'after their kind', '“of each different kind”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '20', 'ua1j', '', '', '0', 'creeping thing of the ground', 'This refers to small animals that move on the ground .']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '20', 'b3i9', '', '', '0', 'two of every sort', 'This refers to two of every kind of bird and animal.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '20', 'f2s1', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'to you', 'This refers to Noah and so is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '20', 'msl4', '', '', '0', 'to keep them alive', '“so you can keep them alive”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '21', 'w126', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'yourself…you', 'These refer to Noah and are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '21', 'bbh4', '', '', '0', 'food that is eaten', '“food that people and animals eat”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '6', '22', 'df5r', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'So Noah did this. According to all that God commanded him, so he did', 'These two sentences mean the same thing. The second sentence explains the first and emphasizes that Noah obeyed God. These parallel sentences can be combined into one. Alternate translation: “So Noah did everything that God commanded him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', 'intro', 'n23k', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 07 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

In this chapter, the author continues his pattern of statements that summarize events already described, and of repeating events that have already happened. Again, careful translation is necessary so that readers do not think that the same events happened more than one time in the story. Special attention in this regard should be given to 7:5,10,13, and 17.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Clean animals and birds

Noah sacrificed to Yahweh some of the “clean” animals and birds that he had with him (8:20). These were animals and birds that the Hebrew people would later consider to be fit to eat and to sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])

### Water underneath and over the earth

The flood is presented as occurring because of rain pouring out of the sky and because of seawater rising from under the earth. This is because the ancient Hebrews pictured the earth as resting on top of the sea. They also pictured the sky as containing water above the earth that poured down through windows in the sky when God allowed it to rain. Translators should not try to change this picture in order to suit what readers believe about the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '1', 'n13c', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The events in this chapter take place after Noah built the ark, gathered the food, and put it in the ark.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '1', 'iml7', 'figs-go', '', '0', 'Come…into the ark', '“Enter…into the ark.” Many translations read “Go…into the ark.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '1', 'lh4z', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'you', 'The word “you” refers to Noah and is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '1', 'jtj5', '', '', '0', 'your household', '“your family”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '1', 'd59a', '', '', '0', 'righteous before me', 'This means that God saw Noah as righteous.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '1', 'c6rt', '', '', '0', 'in this generation', 'This refers to all the people who were living at that time. Alternate translation: “among all the people who are now living”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '2', 'qv8l', 'figs-go', '', '0', 'you will bring', '“take.” Many translations read “you will take.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '2', 'j5le', '', '', '0', 'clean animal', 'This was an animal that God allowed his people to eat and to sacrifice.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '2', 'js39', '', '', '0', 'animals that are not clean', 'These were animals that God did not allow people to eat or to sacrifice.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '3', 't2rp', '', '', '0', 'to preserve their offspring', '“so that they will have offspring that will live” or “so that, after the flood, animals will continue to live”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '4', 'v9e3', '', '', '0', 'forty days and forty nights', 'This was a full forty days. It was not a total of eighty days. Alternate translation: “forty days and nights”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '4', 'ss6k', '', '', '0', 'living', 'This refers to physical life.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '6', 'a3lu', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Verses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '6', 'y68j', '', '', '0', 'came upon the earth', '“happened” or “came on the earth”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '7', 'jew8', '', '', '0', 'because of the waters of the flood', '“because of the flood that would come” or “to escape the flood water”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '8', 'z9t2', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Verses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '8', 'u2ij', '', '', '0', 'clean animals', 'These were animals that God allowed people to eat and to give to him as sacrifices.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '8', 'er9l', '', '', '0', 'unclean animals', 'These were animals that God did not allow people to eat or to give to him as sacrifices.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '9', 'ib15', '', '', '0', 'two by two', 'The animals entered the boat in pairs of one male and one female.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '10', 'z7w9', '', '', '0', 'It came about that', 'This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story: the start of the flood. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '10', 'kkc2', '', '', '0', 'after the seven days', '“after seven days” or “seven days later”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '10', 'uy9m', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'the waters of the flood came upon the earth', 'The implicit information, “it started to rain” can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “it started to rain and the waters of the flood came upon the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '11', 'gsi1', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Verses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '11', 'ybc8', 'translate-ordinal', '', '0', 'In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life', '“When Noah was 600 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '11', 'wi34', 'translate-hebrewmonths', '', '0', 'the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month', 'Since Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the second month of the Hebrew calendar. But this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '11', 'm7m8', '', '', '0', 'on the same day', 'This refers to the specific day when the rain began. This phrase emphasizes how all of these major events happened quickly when the time arrived.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '11', 'tw87', '', '', '0', 'the fountains of the great deep burst open', '“water from under the earth rushed up to the earth’s surface”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '11', 'nsh5', '', '', '0', 'the great deep', 'This refers to the sea that was thought to be under the earth.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '11', 'qtm7', '', '', '0', 'the windows of heaven were opened', 'This refers to rain. It describes the sky as a ceiling that keeps the waters above it from falling down to the earth. When the windows, or doors, in the sky were opened, the water came down through them. Alternate translation: “the sky opened” or “the doors in the sky opened”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '12', 'ri9c', '', '', '0', 'rain', 'If your language has a word for a great amount of rain, it would be appropriate here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '13', 'dh5z', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Verses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '13', 'yp26', '', '', '0', 'On that very same day', '“On that exact day.” This refers to the day that the rain started. Verses 13-16 tell what Noah did immediately before the rain began.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '14', 'l52z', '', '', '0', 'wild animal…livestock…creeping thing…bird', 'These four groups are listed to show that every kind of animal was included. If your language has another way of grouping all the animals, you can use that, or you can use these groups. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:24](../01/24.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '14', 'ayv5', '', '', '0', 'creeping thing', 'This refers to animals that crawl on the ground, like rodents, insects, lizards, and snakes.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '14', 'v2bb', '', '', '0', 'according to its kind', '“so that each kind of animal will produce more of its own kind.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:24](../01/24.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '15', 'i5qf', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Verses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '15', 'pbr7', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Two of all flesh', 'Here “flesh” represents animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '15', 'd2w3', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'in which was the breath of life', 'Here “breath” represents life. Alternate translation: “that lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '15', 'lgu4', 'figs-go', '', '0', 'came to Noah', 'The word “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '15', 'uni5', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'of all flesh', 'Here “flesh” represents animals. Alternate translation: “of every kind of animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '16', 'j6fz', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'after them', 'The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “after they entered the ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '17', 'ea6p', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Verses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in [Genesis 7:1-5](./01.md). This is not a new event.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '17', 'b3ji', '', '', '0', 'the water increased', '“the water became very deep.” This happened during the forty days while the water kept coming.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '17', 'ww1c', '', '', '0', 'lifted the ark', '“it caused the ark to float”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '17', 'n9ke', '', '', '0', 'raised it above the earth', '“causes the ark to rise up high over the ground” or “he ark floated on top of the deep water”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '19', 'j266', '', '', '0', 'The waters rose greatly on the earth', '“The water totally overwhelmed the earth”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '20', 'k8t7', '', '', '0', 'fifteen cubits', '“six meters.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:15](../06/15.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '21', 'x8dz', '', '', '0', 'moved upon', '“moved about” or “roamed”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '21', 'hq98', '', '', '0', 'all the living creatures that lived in great numbers upon the earth', 'This refers to all the animals that move around on the ground in large groups.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '22', 'wlj2', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'who breathed the breath of life through their noses', 'Here “noses” represent the whole animal or human. Alternate translation: “everyone that breathed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '22', 'cdp8', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'the breath of life', 'The words “breath” and “life” represent the power that causes people and animals to be alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '23', 'ki1a', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'So every living thing…was wiped out', 'If necessary, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So every living thing…perished” or “So the flood completely destroyed every living thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '23', 'wvw2', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'They were all destroyed', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God destroyed them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '23', 'pnx5', '', '', '0', 'from the earth', '“so they were no longer on the earth”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '23', 'drq1', '', '', '0', 'those with him', '“the people and animals that were with him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '7', '23', 'g46l', '', '', '0', 'were left', '“remained” or “lived” or “remained alive”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', 'intro', 'z61w', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 08 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:22, which is part of what Yahweh was telling Noah.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Flood waters
The waters receded after this great flood. Because there was so much water, and it came from God, it is described in a unique way.

### The mountains of Ararat
It is unclear where Ararat was located. Many people believe it is located in the modern country of Turkey.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '1', 'vs3j', '', '', '0', 'considered Noah', '“remembered Noah” or “decided to help Noah”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '1', 'xtv9', '', '', '0', 'ark', 'This refers to a very large box that would be able to float on water even in a very bad storm. See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:14](../06/14.md). Alternate translation: “a large boat” or “a ship” or “a barge”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '2', 'zi8q', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'The fountains of the deep and the windows of heaven were closed', '“The water stopped coming out of the ground and the rain stopped falling.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God closed the fountains of the deep and the windows of heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '2', 'p1zi', '', '', '0', 'fountains of the deep', '“water from under the earth.” See how this is translated in [Genesis 7:11](../07/11.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '2', 'dh7e', '', '', '0', 'the windows of heaven were closed', 'This refers to the rain stopping. It describes the sky as a ceiling that keeps the waters above it from falling down to the earth. When the windows, or doors, in the sky were closed, the water stopped coming through them. See how “the windows of heaven” is translated in [Genesis 7:11](../07/11.md). Alternate translation: “the sky closed” or “the doors in the sky closed”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '4', 'te6b', '', '', '0', 'came to rest', '“landed” or “stopped on solid ground”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '4', 'fi75', 'translate-hebrewmonths', '', '0', 'in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month', 'Because Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '5', 'gf1v', 'translate-hebrewmonths', '', '0', 'tenth month', 'Because Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '5', 'l1gg', '', '', '0', 'On the first day of the month', '“On the first day of the tenth month”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '5', 'yhx2', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'appeared', 'This can be made more explicit: “appeared above the surface of the water.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '6', 'lmm4', '', '', '0', 'It came about', 'This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. Alternate translation: “It happened that”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '6', 'k8bq', 'figs-distinguish', '', '0', 'It came about…the window of the ark which he had made', 'The phrase “which he had made” tells about the window. Some languages may need to make this phrase a separate sentence: “Noah had made a window in the boat. It came about after forty days that he opened the window” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '7', 'rm8x', '', '', '0', 'raven', 'a black bird that eats mainly the flesh of dead animals']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '7', 's2vc', '', '', '0', 'it flew back and forth', 'This means that the raven kept leaving the boat and returning.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '7', 'dn2u', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'until the waters were dried up', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the wind dried up the waters” or “until the waters dried up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '8', 'f1ln', '', '', '0', 'he sent out a dove', 'If you use masculine pronouns for the word “dove,” you may need to insert Noah’s name here to avoid confusion: “Noah sent out a dove.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '9', 'r2x5', '', '', '0', 'to rest her foot', '“to land” or “to perch.” It means to land on something in order to rest from flying.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '9', 'clq5', '', '', '0', 'her foot…she returned…and brought her', 'The word “dove” is feminine in the author’s language. You could translate these phrases with the pronouns “its…it…it” or “his…he…him,” depending on how your language refers to a dove.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '9', 'rst8', '', '', '0', 'he…him', 'If you use masculine pronouns for the word “dove,” you may need to insert Noah’s name here to avoid confusion: “Noah sent out a dove,” “Noah stretched forth his hand,” etc.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '10', 'p48z', '', '', '0', 'He waited another seven days', '“He again waited for seven days”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '11', 'hjg1', '', '', '0', 'Look', '“Pay attention” or “This is important”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '11', 'mc6s', '', '', '0', 'a freshly plucked olive leaf', '“a leaf that she had just plucked from an olive tree”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '11', 'nbw2', '', '', '0', 'plucked', '“broken off”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '12', 'x79p', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'She did not return again to him', 'If people would not understand, you could state the reason explicitly: “She did not return again to him because she found a place to land.” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '13', 'ejr2', '', '', '0', 'It came about', 'This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '13', 'nhb3', 'translate-ordinal', '', '0', 'in the six hundred and first year', '“when Noah was 601 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '13', 'k4h8', 'translate-hebrewmonths', '', '0', 'the first month, on the first day of the month', 'Since Moses wrote this book it is possible he is referring to the first month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '13', 'dvf1', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'the waters were dried up from off the earth', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the waters covering the earth dried up” or “the wind dried up the waters covering the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '13', 'uyy6', '', '', '0', 'the covering of the ark', 'This refers to a cover that kept the rain water from going into the ark.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '13', 'l4nx', '', '', '0', 'behold', 'The word “behold” tells us to pay attention to the important information that comes next.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '14', 'afz6', 'translate-hebrewmonths', '', '0', 'In the second month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month', '“On the twenty seventh day of the second month.” This may refer to the second month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '14', 'tn29', '', '', '0', 'the earth was dry', '“the ground was completely dry”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '16', 'k1zj', 'figs-go', '', '0', 'Go out of', '“Leave.” Some translations read “Come out.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '17', 'y1p1', 'figs-go', '', '0', 'Take out', '“Take.” Some translations read “Bring out.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '17', 'cg9q', '', '', '0', 'every living creature of all flesh', '“every kind of living creature.” See how “all flesh” is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '17', 'bv2p', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'be fruitful and multiply', 'This is an idiom. See how this is translated in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). God wanted the humans and animals to reproduce, so there would be many of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '18', 'e5a9', 'figs-go', '', '0', 'Noah went out', 'Some translations read “Noah came out.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '19', 'g5xb', '', '', '0', 'according to their families', '“in groups of their own kinds”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '20', 'wu8x', '', '', '0', 'built an altar to Yahweh', '“built an altar dedicated to Yahweh” or “built an altar for worshiping Yahweh.” He may have built it with stones.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '20', 'y625', '', '', '0', 'clean animals…clean birds', 'Here “clean” means that God allowed these animals to be used in sacrifice. Some animals were not used for sacrifices and were called “unclean.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '20', 't66t', '', '', '0', 'offered burnt offerings', 'Noah killed the animals and then completely burned them up as an offering to God. Alternate translation: “burned the animals as offerings to Yahweh”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '21', 'z8wm', '', '', '0', 'pleasing aroma', 'This refers to the good smell of the roasted meat.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '21', 'v91q', '', '', '0', 'said in his heart', 'Here the word “heart” refers to God’s thoughts and emotions.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '21', 'li87', '', '', '0', 'curse the ground', '“do very serious harm to the earth”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '21', 't7q2', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'because of mankind', 'This can be made more explicit: “because mankind is sinful.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '21', 'k2f9', '', '', '0', 'the intentions of their hearts is evil from childhood', '“from their earliest years they tend to do evil things” or “when they are young, they want to do evil things”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '21', 'i5xk', '', '', '0', 'the intentions of their hearts', 'Here the word “hearts” refers to people’s thoughts, emotions, desires, and will. Alternate translation: “their tendency” or “their habit”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '21', 'me8a', '', '', '0', 'from childhood', 'This refers to an older child. Alternate translation: “from their youth”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '22', 't468', '', '', '0', 'While the earth remains', '“While the earth lasts” or “As long as the earth exists”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '22', 'mwx9', '', '', '0', 'seed time', '“the season for planting”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '22', 'v7fe', 'figs-merism', '', '0', 'cold and heat, summer and winter', 'These expressions both refer to two major weather conditions in the year. Translators may use local expressions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '22', 'wu43', '', '', '0', 'summer', 'the hot, dry time of the year']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '22', 't9hn', '', '', '0', 'winter', 'the cool, wet or snowy time of the year']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '8', '22', 'vy7b', 'figs-doublenegatives', '', '0', 'will not cease', '“will not cease to exist” or “will not cease to occur.” This can be expressed in a positive manner. Alternate translation: “will continue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', 'intro', 'at1n', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 09 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 9:6-7, which is the poetic part of the quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. They also set apart 9:25-27, which contains two quotations.

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 9:6 and 9:25-27.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Man’s relationship to animals
There is a noticeable shift in man’s relationship with the animals on the earth. Before the flood, there apparently was harmony between man and the animals. After the flood, the animals fear man and man is permitted to eat the animals, something he was not allowed to do previously. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

### Life in the blood
This chapter introduces the concept that there is life in the blood of an animal and in man. In Hebrew thought, blood represents the life present in a living thing. This is an image used throughout Scripture. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])

### Covenant with Noah
God made a covenant with Noah. This covenant was an unconditional promise God made to never destroy the whole world with a flood. Rainbows are a perpetual sign of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])

### A father’s nakedness
In Noah’s culture, it was unacceptable to see a father’s nakedness. It was wrong for Ham to show his brothers their father’s nakedness. Ham’s actions were insulting or disrespectful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth”
This is a command that God gives. He expects Noah to obey him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '1', 'bpc9', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth', 'This is God’s blessing. He told Noah and his family to produce more humans like themselves, so that there would be many of them. The word “multiply” explains how they are to be “fruitful.” See how you translated these commands in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '2', 'e28l', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'The fear of you and the dread of you will be upon every living animal…and upon all the fish of the sea', 'The writer speaks of fear and dread as if they were physical objects that could be upon the animals. Alternate translation: “Every living animal…and all the fish of the sea will be dreadfully afraid of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '2', 'ax85', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'The fear of you and the dread of you', 'The words “fear” and “dread” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how afraid the animals will be of mankind. Alternate translation: “A dreadful fear of you” or “A terrible fear of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '2', 'gm7c', '', '', '0', 'every living animal on the earth', 'This is the first of the four categories of animals that the writer lists, and not a summary of the rest of the animals that he mentions next.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '2', 'qqp7', '', '', '0', 'bird', 'This is a general term for things that fly. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:21](../01/21.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '2', 'fhz4', '', '', '0', 'upon everything that goes low on the ground', 'This includes all types of small animals. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:25](../01/25.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '2', 'g7t3', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'They are given into your hand', 'The hand represents control. This can be made active. Alternate translation: “They are given into your control” or “I have put them under your control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '3', 'gxp7', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '4', 's9mx', '', '', '0', 'life…blood', 'Translators may add a footnote such as this: “The blood is a symbol for life.” They may also add a footnote that says something like this: “God was commanding people not to eat meat while the blood was still in it. They had to drain out the blood first.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '5', 'jd7y', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '5', 't1t8', '', '', '0', 'But for your blood', 'This contrasts man’s blood with the blood of animals ([Genesis 9:4](../09/04.md)).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '5', 'w9jw', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'for your blood, the life that is in your blood', 'It is implied that the blood is shed, or poured out, or spilled out. Alternate translation: “if anyone causes your blood to pour out” or “if anyone spills your blood” or “if anyone kills you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '5', 'c5je', '', '', '0', 'life', 'This refers to physical life.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '5', 'sp2y', '', '', '0', 'I will require payment', 'This payment refers to the death of the murderer, not to money. Alternate translation: “I will require anyone who kills you to pay”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '5', 'f5z4', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'from the hand', 'Here the word “hand” refers to the one who is responsible for something happening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '5', 'ihu7', '', '', '0', 'From the hand of every animal I will require it', '“I will require any animal that takes your life to pay”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '5', 'kr1g', '', '', '0', 'From the hand of any man, that is, from the hand of one who has murdered his brother, I will require an accounting for the life of that man', '“I will require anyone who takes the life of another person to pay”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '5', 'hye6', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'From the hand of', 'This phrase refers to the person in a very personal way. Alternate translation: “From that very man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '5', 'n71j', '', '', '0', 'brother', 'Here “brother” is used as a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '6', 'ghj9', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Whoever sheds man’s blood, by man will his blood be shed', 'The shedding of blood is a metaphor for killing someone. This means that if a person murders someone, someone else must kill the murderer. However, “blood” is very significant in this passage and should be used in the translation if possible. Translate “sheds blood” with words that indicate a major loss of blood that causes death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '6', 'pnh5', '', '', '0', 'for it was in the image of God that he made man', '“because God made people to be like him” or “because I made people in my own image”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '7', 'r2cz', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'be fruitful and multiply', 'This is God’s blessing. He told Noah and his family to produce more humans like themselves, so that there would be many of them. The word “multiply” explains how they are to be “fruitful.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '8', 'ra1n', '', '', '0', 'Then God spoke to Noah and to his sons with him', 'God was already speaking to them. This phrase marks a change in what God was going to speak about. Alternate translation: “God continued speaking to Noah and his sons” or “Then God went on to say”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '9', 'cpy2', '', '', '0', 'As for me', 'This phrase is used in English to mark the change from God talking about what Noah and his sons must do to talking about what God would do.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '9', 'maf2', '', '', '0', 'confirm my covenant with you', '“make a covenant between you and me.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:18](../06/18.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '11', 'q967', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '11', 'lay9', '', '', '0', 'I hereby confirm my covenant with you', '“By saying this, I make my covenant with you.” See how similar words are translated in [Genesis 6:18](../06/18.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '11', 'zug5', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'all flesh', 'Possible meanings for what “all flesh” represents are (1) all human beings or (2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '11', 'wr5z', '', '', '0', 'Never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth', '“There will never again be a flood that destroys the earth.” There would be floods, but they would not destroy the whole earth.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '12', 'r1uh', '', '', '0', 'sign', 'This means a reminder of something that was promised.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '12', 'tl5l', '', '', '0', 'covenant…for all future generations', 'The covenant applies to Noah and his family and also to all generations that follow.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '14', 'l8xy', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '14', 's4e4', '', '', '0', 'It will come about when', '“Whenever.” It is something that would happen many times.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '14', 'f9zr', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'the rainbow is seen', 'It is not clear who will see the rainbow, but because the covenant is between Yahweh and people, if you need to say who it is who will see the rainbow, it would be best to name both Yahweh and people. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people and I see the rainbow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '14', 'kg5c', '', '', '0', 'rainbow', 'the colorful strip of light that appears in the rain when the sun shines from behind the viewer']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '15', 'i9p6', '', '', '0', 'I will call to mind my covenant', 'This does not mean that God would first forget. Alternate translation: “I will think about my covenant”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '15', 'd7pg', '', '', '0', 'me and you', 'The word “you” is plural. God was speaking to Noah and Noah’s sons.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '15', 'lk6n', '', '', '0', 'every living creature of all flesh', '“every kind of living being”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '15', 'vn2n', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'all flesh', 'Possible meanings for what “all flesh” represents are (1) all human beings or (2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '16', 'kbz5', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '16', 'b2e4', '', '', '0', 'in order to remember', '“so that I will remember” or “so that I will think about”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '16', 'kf45', '', '', '0', 'between God and every living creature', 'God is speaking here. Alternate translation: “between me and every living creature”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '16', 'm4th', '', '', '0', 'every living creature of all flesh', '“every kind of living being.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 9:15](../09/15.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '17', 'x593', '', '', '0', 'Then God said to Noah', 'God was already talking to Noah. This phrase marks the final part of what God was saying. Alternate translation: “God finished by saying to Noah” or “So God said to Noah”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '18', 'n7g4', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Verses 18-19 introduce the three sons of Noah, who will be an important part of the next story.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '18', 'zxn9', '', '', '0', 'father', 'Ham was Canaan’s true father.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '20', 'bvi9', '', '', '0', 'farmer', 'person who raises plants for food']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '21', 'd5k4', '', '', '0', 'became drunk', '“drank too much wine”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '21', 'e6dg', '', '', '0', 'uncovered', 'The text does not specify how much of Noah’s body was uncovered as he lay drunk. His sons’ reactions show us that it was shameful.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '22', 'xd8e', '', '', '0', 'his father', 'This refers to Noah.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '24', 'ka8c', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'In verses 25-27 Noah pronounced a curse on Ham’s son and blessings on Ham’s brothers. What Noah said about them also applied to their descendants, as shown in the UST. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in Noah’s curse and blessings in verses 25-27.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '24', 'w9sj', '', '', '0', 'awoke from his wine', 'He awoke after drinking wine and becoming drunk. He “became sober.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '24', 'y2mt', '', '', '0', 'his youngest son', 'This refers to Ham. Alternate translation: “his youngest son, Ham”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '25', 'tmj7', '', '', '0', 'Cursed be Canaan', '“I curse Canaan” or “May bad things happen to Canaan”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '25', 'p9e7', '', '', '0', 'Canaan', 'This was one of Ham’s sons. Alternate translation: “Ham’s son Canaan”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '25', 'kp5y', '', '', '0', 'a servant to his brothers’ servants', '“the lowest servant of his brothers” or “the least important servant of his brothers”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '25', 'ey5x', '', '', '0', 'his brothers', 'This could refer either to Canaan’s brothers or to his relatives in general.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '26', 'rx6d', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'If you can, format these verses as they are formatted here to show your readers that this is poetry.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '26', 'w1a7', '', '', '0', 'May Yahweh, the God of Shem, be blessed', '“Praised be Yahweh, the God of Shem,” or “Yahweh, the God of Shem, is worthy of praise” or “I praise Yahweh, the God of Shem”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '27', 's54q', '', '', '0', 'May Canaan be his servant', '“And let Canaan be Shem’s servant.” This includes Canaan’s and Shem’s descendants.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '27', 'hh2y', '', '', '0', 'May God extend the territory of Japheth', 'Possible meanings are (1) “May God make Japheth’s territory larger” or (2) “May God cause Japheth to have many descendants.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '27', 'bxj1', '', '', '0', 'let him make his home in the tents of Shem', '“let him leave peacefully with Shem.” This includes Japheth’s and Shem’s descendants.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '9', '27', 'x2sl', '', '', '0', 'May Canaan be his servant', '“Let Canaan be Japheth’s servant.” This includes Canaan’s and Japheth’s descendants.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', 'intro', 'z42v', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 10 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

This chapter begins a genealogical record. It also records the location of ancient people groups.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Assyria and Nineveh
While these places may be located in the same area as the Assyria mentioned later in Scripture, they are not the same kingdom.

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “Sons were born to”
This is an unusual phrase meaning “were sons of.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '1', 'h24x', '', '', '0', 'These were the descendants of the sons of Noah', '“This is the account of Noah’s sons.” This sentence introduces the account of Noah’s descendants in Genesis 10:1-11:9.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '5', 'w1ea', '', '', '0', 'From these the coastland peoples separated and went into their lands', '“Javan’s sons and descendants separated and moved to the coastlands and islands”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '5', 'pl9t', '', '', '0', 'coastland peoples', 'This refers to people who lived along the coast and on the islands.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '5', 'xw9u', '', '', '0', 'their lands', '“their homelands.” These are the places that the people moved to and lived in.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '5', 'nhz9', '', '', '0', 'every one with its own language', '“Each people group spoke its own language” or “The people groups divided themselves according to their languages”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '6', 's5fj', '', '', '0', 'Mizraim', 'Mizraim is the Hebrew name for “Egypt.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '8', 'f6b4', '', '', '0', 'conqueror', 'Possible meanings are (1) “mighty warrior” or (2) “mighty man” or (3) “powerful ruler.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '9', 'k3vf', '', '', '0', 'before Yahweh', 'Possible meanings are (1) “in Yahweh’s sight” or (2) “with Yahweh’s help”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '9', 'ig4i', 'writing-proverbs', '', '0', 'That is why it is said', 'This introduces a proverb. Your language may introduce proverbs and sayings in a different way. Alternate translation: “This is the reason people say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '10', 'i218', '', '', '0', 'The first centers', 'Possible meanings are (1) the first centers he developed or (2) the important cities.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '11', 'ufj6', '', '', '0', 'he went to Assyria', '“Nimrod went into Assyria”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '13', 'd3j7', '', '', '0', 'Mizraim became', 'The list of Noah’s descendants continues.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '13', 'yc8k', '', '', '0', 'Mizraim', 'Mizraim was one of Ham’s sons. His descendants became the people of Egypt. Mizraim is the Hebrew name for Egypt.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '16', 'l6at', '', '', '0', 'Jebusites…Amorites…Girgashites', 'These names refer to larger groups of people that descended from Canaan.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '19', 'h65z', '', '', '0', 'border', 'line between one person’s land and another person’s land']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '19', 'vy73', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'from Sidon, in the direction of Gerar, as far as Gaza', 'The direction south can be stated explicitly if needed. Alternate translation: “from Sidon city in the north as far south as Gaza town, which is near Gerar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '19', 'rp9w', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'as one goes toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboyim, as far as Lasha', 'The direction “east” or “inland” can be stated explicitly if needed. Alternate translation: “then east toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboyim towns, as far as Lasha” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '20', 'b2zq', '', '', '0', 'These were the sons of Ham', 'The word “these” refers to the people and people groups who were listed in verses [Genesis 6-19](./06.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '20', 't4tj', '', '', '0', 'by their languages', '“broken up according to their different languages”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '20', 'w46b', '', '', '0', 'in their lands', '“in their homelands”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '24', 'ns9i', '', '', '0', 'Arphaxad', 'Arphaxad was one of Shem’s sons.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '25', 'a5uy', '', '', '0', 'Peleg', 'Translators may add a footnote note that says: “The name Peleg means ‘division.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '25', 'wad2', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'the earth was divided', 'This can be made active. Alternate translation: “the people of the earth divided themselves” or “the people of the earth separated from one another” or “God divided the people of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '26', 'dqg8', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Joktan', 'Joktan was one of Eber’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '29', 'n82g', '', '', '0', 'All these', '“These” here refers to the sons of Joktan.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '30', 's9ds', '', '', '0', 'Their territory', '“The land they controlled” or “The land they lived in”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '31', 's4mu', '', '', '0', 'These were the sons of Shem', 'The word “these” refers to the descendants of Shem ([Genesis 10:21-29](./21.md)).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '32', 'lws8', '', '', '0', 'These were the clans', 'This refers back to all the people listed in [Genesis 10:1-31](./01.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '32', 'rr78', '', '', '0', 'according to', '“listed by”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '32', 'a96c', '', '', '0', 'From these the nations separated and went over the earth', '“From these clans the nations divided and spread over the earth” or “These clans divided from each other and formed the nations of the earth”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '10', '32', 'bp4b', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'after the flood', 'This can be stated clearly or more explicitly. Alternate translation: “after the flood destroyed the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', 'intro', 'ecl3', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 11 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

This chapter is a story traditionally referred to as the “Tower of Babel.”

This chapter seeks to answer the questions: why do people speak different languages? how did people become so dispersed across the earth? God’s punishment described in this chapter may also explain why the world has racial and ethnic divisions.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Age of people when they die
After the flood, people began to live shorter lives. This chapter begins to record the shortening of the average lifespan.

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Personification
The statement “Yahweh came down to see” is a type of personification. Yahweh always knows what happens on earth. This statement indicates that Yahweh is about to bring judgment on mankind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “Let us build ourselves a city and a tower whose top will reach to the sky”
The people were very full of pride and rebelled against God in this action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '1', 'ar7x', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'This word shows that the writer is beginning a new part of the story.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '1', 'gr4c', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'the whole earth', 'This represents all the people on the earth. Alternate translation: “all the people on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '1', 'y7c6', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'used one language and had the same words', 'These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that all people spoke the same language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '2', 'c5a7', '', '', '0', 'they journeyed', '“they moved around”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '2', 'p5qy', '', '', '0', 'in the east', 'Possible meanings are (1) “in the east” or (2) “from the east” or (3) “to the east.” The preferred choice is “in the east” because Shinar is to the east of where scholars believe the ark came to rest.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '2', 'a3c6', '', '', '0', 'settled', 'stopped moving from one place to another and began to live at one location']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '3', 'mad2', '', '', '0', 'Come', 'If your language has a way of urging or commanding people to begin work, like the English “Come on!” you might use it here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '3', 'z6gz', '', '', '0', 'bake them thoroughly', 'People make bricks out of clay and heat them in a very hot oven to make them hard and strong.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '3', 'ihz3', '', '', '0', 'tar', 'a thick, sticky, black liquid that comes up from the ground']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '3', 'zxv1', '', '', '0', 'mortar', 'This is a thick substance made of lime powder, clay, sand, and water used to make stones or bricks stick together.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '4', 'nzr5', '', '', '0', 'let us make a name for ourselves', '“let us make our reputation great”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '4', 'rxx9', '', '', '0', 'name', 'reputation']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '4', 'ejq9', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'we will be scattered', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we will separate from each other and live in different places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '5', 'v8n7', '', '', '0', 'the descendants of Adam', '“the people”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '5', 't6pt', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'came down', 'The information about where he came down from can be made explicit: “came down from heaven.” This does not tell how he came down. Use a general word meaning “came down.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '5', 'b3yl', '', '', '0', 'to see', '“to observe” or “to look more closely”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '6', 'uzm2', '', '', '0', 'one people with the same language', 'All the people were one big group and they all spoke the same language.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '6', 'a83e', '', '', '0', 'they are beginning to do this', 'Possible meanings are (1) “they have begun to do this,” meaning that they have begun to build the tower but it is not finished, or (2) “this is just the first thing they have done,” meaning that in future they will do greater things.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '6', 'ux98', 'figs-doublenegatives', '', '0', 'nothing that they intend to do will be impossible for them', 'This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “anything they intend to do will be possible for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '7', 'i5gb', '', '', '0', 'Come', 'If your language has a way of urging or commanding people to begin work, like the English “Come on!” you might use it here. See how this is translated in [Genesis 11:3](../11/03.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '7', 'i17m', 'figs-pronouns', '', '0', 'let us go down', 'The word “us” is plural even though it refers to God. Some translate it as “let me go down” or “I will go down.” If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the pronoun is plural. See the note on “Let us make” in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '7', 'd22g', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'confuse their language', 'This means that Yahweh would cause the people all over the earth to stop speaking the same language. Alternate translation: “mix up their language” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '7', 'plc4', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'so that they may not understand each other', 'This was the purpose of confusing their language. Alternate translation: “so that they will not be able to understand what each other is saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '8', 'htq4', '', '', '0', 'from there', '“from the city”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '9', 'm76d', '', '', '0', 'its name was called Babel, because there Yahweh confused', 'The name “Babel” sounds like the word that means “confused.” Translators may want to add a footnote about this.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '9', 'ppz1', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'confused the language of the whole earth', 'It means that Yahweh caused the people all over the earth to no longer speak the same language. Alternate translation: “mixed up the language of the whole earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '10', 'jzy8', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The rest of this chapter lists the line of Shem’s descendants down to Abram.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '10', 'gq2u', '', '', '0', 'These were the descendants of Shem', 'This sentence begins the list of Shem’s descendants.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '10', 'n5un', '', '', '0', 'flood', 'This is the flood from Noah’s time when people had become so evil that God sent a worldwide flood to cover the earth.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '10', 'y7s3', '', '', '0', 'became the father of Arphaxad', '“had his son Arphaxad” or “his son Arphaxad was born”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '10', 'b4lz', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Arphaxad', 'a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '10', 'ty5m', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'a hundred…two', 'Translators may write the words or the numerals “100” and “2.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '11', 'ix9y', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'five hundred', 'Translators may write the words or the numeral “500.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '12', 'i93p', '', '', '0', 'he became the father of Shelah', '“his son Shelah was born”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '12', 'i685', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Shelah', 'This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '13', 'v9kr', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', '403 years', '“four hundred and three years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '14', 'aht6', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '16', 'nh92', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '18', 't5j5', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '20', 'zj9y', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '22', 'qv7c', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '24', 'kk5d', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in [Genesis 11:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '26', 'v3ui', '', '', '0', 'Abram, Nahor, and Haran', 'We do not know the birth order of his sons.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '27', 'sx61', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Now these were the descendants of Terah', 'This sentence introduces the account of Terah’s descendants. Genesis 11:27-25:11 tells about Terah’s descendants, particularly his son Abraham. Alternate translation: “This is the account of Terah’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '28', 'qu78', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Haran died in the presence of his father Terah', 'This means that Haran died while his father was still living. Alternate translation: “Haran died while his father, Terah, was with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '29', 'qxs6', '', '', '0', 'took wives', '“married wives”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '29', 'x1m2', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Iskah', 'This is a female name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '30', 's9v1', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'This word is used to introduce new information about Sarai that will become important in later chapters.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '30', 'yps7', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'barren', 'This term describes a woman who is physically unable to conceive or bear a child. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '31', 'cu9g', '', '', '0', 'his', 'Here the word “his” refers to Terah.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '31', 'tj9e', '', '', '0', 'Sarai his daughter-in-law, his son Abram’s wife', '“his daughter-in-law Sarai, who was the wife of his son Abram”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '31', 'h4pi', '', '', '0', 'Haran…Haran', 'These are two different names and they are spelled differently in Hebrew. One refers to a person and the other refers to a city. (The “h” sound in the city’s name is louder than the “h” sound in the person’s name.) You might choose to spell them differently in your language to show this.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '11', '32', 'lt94', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', '205 years', '“two hundred and five years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', 'intro', 'b9wm', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 12 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Abram
When God said, “Go from your country, and from your relatives,” he established several new people groups. These groups descended from Abram.

### God’s covenant with Abraham
God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “They will kill me”
Abram was afraid the Egyptians would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Sarai to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Abram’s sister, they would have shown favor to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '1', 'k9r8', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'This word is used to mark a new part of the story.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '1', 'd1lk', '', '', '0', 'Go from your country, and from your relatives', '“Go from your land, from your family”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '2', 'hc9y', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'I will make of you a great nation', 'Here “you” is singular and refers to Abram, but Abram represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “I will start a great nation through you” or “I will make your descendants become a great nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '2', 'q7ai', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'make your name great', 'The word “name” represents the person’s reputation. Alternate translation: “make you famous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '2', 'jt28', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'you will be a blessing', 'The words “to other people” are understood. Alternate translation: “you will be a blessing to other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '3', 'xec4', '', '', '0', 'whoever dishonors you I will curse', '“I will curse whoever treats you in a shameful way” or “if anyone treats you as worthless, I will curse him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '3', 'cpj9', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'Through you will all the families of the earth be blessed', 'This can be made active. Alternate translation: “I will bless all the families of the earth through you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '3', 'xd5b', '', '', '0', 'Through you', '“Because of you” or “Because I have blessed you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '5', 'lvz6', '', '', '0', 'possessions', 'This includes animals and non-living property.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '5', 'nv12', '', '', '0', 'the people that they had acquired', 'Possible meanings are (1) “slaves that they had accumulated” or (2) “the people whom they had gathered to be with them.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '6', 'j4pb', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Abram passed through the land', 'Only Abram’s name is mentioned because he was the head of the family. God had given him the command to take his family and go there. Alternate translation: “So Abram and his family went through the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '6', 'lgv1', '', '', '0', 'the land', '“the land of Canaan”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '6', 'jvj4', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the oak of Moreh', 'Moreh was probably the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '7', 'v6g3', '', '', '0', 'Yahweh, who had appeared to him', '“Yahweh, because he had appeared to him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '8', 'ln91', '', '', '0', 'he pitched his tent', 'Abram had many people with him as he traveled. People who moved from place to place lived in tents. Alternate translation: “they set up their tents”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '8', 'v6m1', '', '', '0', 'called on the name of Yahweh', '“prayed in the name of Yahweh” or “worshiped Yahweh”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '9', 'vbq7', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Then Abram continued journeying', 'You may need to make explicit that he took his tent with him. “Then Abram took his tent and continued journeying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '9', 't22q', '', '', '0', 'toward the Negev', '“toward the Negev region” or “toward the south” or “south to the Negev desert”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '10', 'lv6b', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'There was a famine', 'The crops did not grow well that season. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “There was a shortage of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '10', 'c2c3', '', '', '0', 'in the land', '“in the area” or “in the land where Abram was living”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '10', 'me1z', '', '', '0', 'went down into', 'Possible meanings are (1) “went further south” or (2) “went away from Canaan into.” It would be best to translate this using your usual words for going from a higher place to a lower place.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '12', 'hmn5', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'they will kill me…you alive', 'The reason they would kill Abram can be made explicit: “they will kill me so that they can marry you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '13', 'sj7i', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'so that my life will be spared because of you', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that, because of you, they will not kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '14', 'stl2', '', '', '0', 'It came about that', 'Possible meanings are (1) This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts, and if your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here, or (2) “And that was what happened” .']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '15', 'cnd8', '', '', '0', 'The princes of Pharaoh saw her', '“Pharaoh’s officials saw Sarai” or “the king’s officials saw her”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '15', 'n3fw', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'the woman was taken into Pharaoh’s household', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh took her into his household” or “Pharaoh had his soldiers take her into his household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '15', 'hw84', '', '', '0', 'the woman', 'Sarai']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '15', 'y2tk', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'Pharaoh’s household', 'Possible meanings are (1) “Pharoah’s family,” that is, as a wife, or (2) “Pharaoah’s house” or “Pharaoh’s palace,” a euphemism for Pharaoh making her one of his wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '16', 'm9jr', '', '', '0', 'for her sake', '“for Sarai’s sake” or “because of her”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '17', 'kb9r', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'because of Sarai, Abram’s wife', 'This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “because Pharaoh intended to take Sarai, Abram’s wife, to be his own wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '18', 'r9kt', '', '', '0', 'Pharaoh summoned Abram', '“Pharaoh called Abram” or “Pharaoh ordered Abram to come to him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '18', 'e9mt', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'What is this that you have done to me?', 'Pharaoh used this rhetorical question to show how angry he was about what Abram had done to him. It can also be stated as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '20', 'f2i8', '', '', '0', 'Then Pharaoh gave orders to his men concerning him', '“Then Pharaoh directed his officials concerning Abram”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '12', '20', 'edz8', '', '', '0', 'they sent him away, along with his wife and all that he had', '“the officials sent Abram away from Pharoah, with his wife and all his possessions”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', 'intro', 'qch2', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 13 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Abram’s faith
Since the land could not support both Lot’s and Abraham’s family, they each went their own way. Even though good land was not plentiful, Abraham allowed Lot to choose the better land because he trusted in God to fulfill his promises. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])

### God’s covenant with Abram

God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. This chapter continues the covenant which began in the previous chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### Built an altar
Abram would have built an altar in order to offer sacrifices to Yahweh. There is an implicit understanding that building an altar was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '1', 'sjz2', '', '', '0', 'went up from', '“left” or “departed from”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '1', 'ige2', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'went into the Negev', 'The Negev was a desert region in southern Canaan, west of Egypt. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “went back to the Negev desert” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '2', 'bty5', '', '', '0', 'Abram was very rich in animals, in silver, and in gold', '“Abram had many animals, much silver, and much gold”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '2', 'lwq5', '', '', '0', 'animals', '“livestock” or “cattle”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '3', 'rg7d', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'He continued on his journey', 'Abram and his family traveled by stages, going from place to place. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “They continued on their journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '3', 'vxf3', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'to the place where his tent had been before', 'Translators may add a footnote that says “See Genesis 12:8.” The time of his travel can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “to the place where he had set up his tent before he went to Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '4', 'h2ad', '', '', '0', 'called on the name of Yahweh', '“prayed in the name of Yahweh” or “worshiped Yahweh.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 12:8](../12/08.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '5', 'br4w', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Now', 'This word is used to show what follows is background information to help the reader understand the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '6', 'ash5', '', '', '0', 'The land was not able to support them', 'There was not enough grazing land and water for all their animals.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '6', 'k6zz', '', '', '0', 'their possessions', 'This includes livestock, which need pasture and water.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '6', 'y1wq', '', '', '0', 'could not stay together', '“could not live together”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '7', 'e3n1', '', '', '0', 'The Canaanites and the Perizzites were living in the land at that time', 'This is another reason that the land could not support them all.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '8', 'rbt4', '', '', '0', 'Let there be no strife between you and me', '“Let’s not quarrel”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '8', 'l2ht', '', '', '0', 'strife', 'arguments or fights']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '8', 'ayp5', '', '', '0', 'between your herdsmen and my herdsmen', '“let’s stop the men who take care of our animals from quarreling”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '8', 'l8eq', '', '', '0', 'after all, we are family', '“because we are family”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '8', 'vz47', '', '', '0', 'family', '“kinsmen” or “relatives.” Lot was Abraham’s nephew.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '9', 'n7k3', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Is not the whole land before you?', 'This rhetorical question can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “The whole land is available for you to use.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '9', 'av37', '', '', '0', 'Go ahead and separate yourself from me', 'Abraham was speaking kindly to Lot and encouraging him to do something that would help them both. “Let’s separate.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '9', 'flm1', '', '', '0', 'If you go to the left, then I will go to the right', 'Possible meanings are (1) “If you go one way, then I will go the other” or (2) “If you go to the north, I will go to the south.” Abram let Lot choose the part of the land he wanted, and Abram would take what remained.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '10', 'v189', '', '', '0', 'the whole plain of the Jordan', 'This refers to the general region of the Jordan River.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '10', 've9r', '', '', '0', 'was well watered', '“had much water”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '10', 'zs4c', '', '', '0', 'like the garden of Yahweh, like the land of Egypt', '“like the garden of Yahweh or like the land of Egypt.” These were two different places.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '10', 'p9t9', '', '', '0', 'the garden of Yahweh', 'This is another name for the garden of Eden.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '10', 'v2iw', '', '', '0', 'garden', 'Use the same word for “garden” as you used in [Genesis 2:8](../02/08.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '10', 'z1zy', '', '', '0', 'This was before Yahweh destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah', 'This anticipates something that would happen later. It is important here because it explains why Lot settled in a region that later was not fertile.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '11', 'c5bb', '', '', '0', 'the relatives', '“the kinsmen” or “the families.” This refers to Lot and Abram with their households.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '12', 'hc2t', '', '', '0', 'Abram lived', '“Abram made his home” or “Abram stayed”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '12', 'cpm2', '', '', '0', 'the land of Canaan', '“the land of the Canaanites”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '12', 'umy1', '', '', '0', 'He set up his tents as far away as Sodom', 'Possible meanings are (1) “He set up his tents near Sodom” or (2) “He moved his tents around in an area that reached all the way to Sodom.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '14', 'y61m', '', '', '0', 'after Lot had departed from him', '“after Lot left Abraham”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '17', 'xil7', '', '', '0', 'walk through the length and breadth of the land', '“walk around all over the whole land”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '18', 'zy7q', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Mamre', 'This was the name of the man who owned the oak trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '18', 'is6e', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Hebron', 'This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '13', '18', 'xw41', '', '', '0', 'an altar to Yahweh', '“an altar for worshiping Yahweh”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', 'intro', 'hz9l', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 14 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:19-20.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Names of places
Sometimes the names of places in Scripture are referred to by the name used during the time of the writer. For example, the location referred to as Dan was not yet known by that name because Dan had not yet come to live there. Moses, the author of Genesis, would have known this location as Dan.

### Melchizedek
Melchizedek was both a priest and a king. Because of this, he parallels the roles of Jesus. Melchizedek is an important figure in the book of Hebrews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### God Most High

Melchizedek worshiped the God Most High. This is probably a reference to the true and only God who created the heavens and the earth and came to be known as Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '1', 'zbz3', '', '', '0', 'It came about', 'This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '1', 'p95i', '', '', '0', 'in the days of', '“in the time of”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '1', 'e5wj', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Amraphel…Arioch…Kedorlaomer…Tidal', 'These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '1', 'psb1', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Shinar…Ellasar…Elam…Goiim', 'These are names of places. See how you translated “Shinar” in [Genesis 10:10](../10/10.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '2', 's6jz', '', '', '0', 'they made war', '“they went to war” or “they started a war” or “they prepared for war”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '3', 'pdv2', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'These latter five kings joined together', 'The information that their armies were with them can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “These latter five kings and their armies joined together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '4', 'vk6f', '', '', '0', 'Twelve years they had served', 'The events in verses 4-7 happened before verse 3. Your language may have a way of showing this.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '4', 'd7j6', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'they had served Kedorlaomer', 'They probably had to pay him taxes and serve in his army. Alternate translation: “they had been under the control of Kedorlaomer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '4', 'm72u', '', '', '0', 'they rebelled', '“they refused to serve him” or “they stopped serving him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '5', 'k2wm', '', '', '0', 'came and attacked', 'They did this because the other kings rebelled.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '5', 'k3kf', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the Rephaim…the Zuzites…the Emites', 'These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '5', 'kj3n', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Ashteroth Karnaim…Ham…Shaveh Kiriathaim', 'These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '5', 'pm1u', '', '', '0', 'Ham', 'This name in Hebrew is different from the name of Noah’s son, which is spelled the same way in English.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '6', 'afr4', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the Horites', 'This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '6', 'm4dw', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Seir…El Paran', 'These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '6', 's52t', 'figs-distinguish', '', '0', 'El Paran, which is near the desert', 'This phrase helps readers understand where El Paran was. It can be translated as a separate sentence if necessary. Alternate translation: “El Paran. El Paran is near the desert” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '7', 'my4b', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Verses 8 and 9 repeats what was said in [Genesis 14:3](../14/03.md) and continues to tell what happened when the kings came together to fight.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '7', 'rck2', 'figs-go', '', '0', 'they turned and came', 'The word “they” refers to the four foreign kings who were attacking the region of Canaan. Their names were Amraphel, Arioch, Chedorlaomer, and Tidal. Alternate translation: “they turned and went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '7', 'ed6d', '', '', '0', 'the Amorites who lived in Hazezon Tamar', 'This phrase tells which Amorite people were defeated. There were other Amorite people who lived in other places.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '8', 'pq4d', '', '', '0', 'the king of Bela (also called Zoar)', 'The city of Bela was also called Zoar. This information could also be put at the end of the sentence. “the king of Bela went out and prepared for battle. Bela is also called Zoar.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '8', 'v7s3', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'prepared for battle', '“joined battle” or “drew up battle lines.” Some translators may need to also say that the armies fought, as the UST does in verse 9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '9', 'uq5u', '', '', '0', 'four kings against the five', 'Since the five kings were listed first, some languages might prefer to translate this as “five kings against four.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '10', 'yn7e', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Now', 'This word introduces background information about the valley of Siddim. Your language may have another way of introducing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '10', 'u9qi', '', '', '0', 'was full of tar pits', '“had many tar pits.” These were holes in the ground that had tar in them.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '10', 'f98l', '', '', '0', 'tar', 'a thick, sticky, black liquid that comes up from the ground. See how this is translated in [Genesis 11:3](../11/03.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '10', 'mp8k', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah', 'Here the kings represent themselves and their armies. Alternate translation: the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah and their armies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '10', 'kj2n', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'they fell in there', 'Possible meanings are (1) some of their soldiers fell in the tar pits or (2) the kings themselves fell in the tar pits. Since [Genesis 14:17](../14/17.md) says that the king of Sodom went to meet Abram, the first meaning is more likely correct. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '10', 'ern2', '', '', '0', 'Those who were left', '“Those who did not die in battle and did not fall in the pits”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '11', 'rk4u', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah', 'The words “Sodom” and “Gomorrah” are metonyms for the people who lived in those cities. Alternate translation: “the wealth of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah” or “the property of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '11', 'c7vp', '', '', '0', 'their provisions', '“their food and drink”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '11', 'e6qg', '', '', '0', 'went their way', '“they went away”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '12', 'g2sj', 'figs-distinguish', '', '0', 'they also took Lot, Abram’s brother’s son, who was living in Sodom, along with all his possessions', 'The phrases “Abram’s brother’s son” and “who was living in Sodom” remind the reader of things that were written earlier about Lot. Alternate translation: “they also took Lot, along with all his possessions. Lot was Abram’s brother’s son and was living in Sodom at that time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '13', 'w39m', '', '', '0', 'One who had escaped came', '“A man escaped from the battle and came”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '13', 'g8u8', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'He was living', '“Abram was living.” This introduces background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '13', 'mmt3', '', '', '0', 'were all allies of Abram', '“were treaty-partners with Abram” or “had a peace agreement with Abram”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '14', 'se1t', '', '', '0', 'his relative', 'This is a reference to Abram’s nephew Lot.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '14', 'wc3z', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', '318 trained men', '“three hundred and eighteen trained men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '14', 'llz9', '', '', '0', 'trained men', '“men who were trained to fight”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '14', 'gjn2', '', '', '0', 'men who had been born in his house', '“men who were born in Abram’s household.” They were children of Abram’s servants.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '14', 'a2k3', '', '', '0', 'pursued them', '“chased them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '14', 'kgi3', '', '', '0', 'Dan', 'This is a city in the far north of Canaan, far from Abram’s camp.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '15', 'z2r4', '', '', '0', 'He divided his men against them at night and attacked them', 'This probably refers to a battle strategy. “Abram divided the men into several groups, and they attacked their enemies from various directions”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '16', 'fxf4', '', '', '0', 'all the possessions', 'This refers to the things that the enemies had stolen from the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '16', 'qp8w', '', '', '0', 'his goods', '“Lot’s property that the enemies had stolen from Lot”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '16', 'gt3k', '', '', '0', 'as well as the women and the other people', '“as well as the women and other people that the four kings had captured”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '17', 's822', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'returned', 'The implied information about where he was returning to can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “returned to where he was living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '18', 'cz1b', '', '', '0', 'Melchizedek, king of Salem', 'This is the first time this king is mentioned.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '18', 'hqq1', '', '', '0', 'bread and wine', 'People commonly ate bread and wine. See how you translated “bread” in [Genesis 3:19](../03/19.md) and “wine” in [Genesis 9:21](../09/21.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '19', 'b6iz', '', '', '0', 'He blessed him', 'King Melchizedek blessed Abram.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '19', 'wnf1', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'Blessed be Abram by God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May God Most High, the Creator of heaven and earth, bless Abram” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '19', 'z9ck', '', '', '0', 'heaven', 'This refers to the place where God lives.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '20', 'pvn4', '', '', '0', 'God Most High, who has given', '“God Most High, because he has given.” The phrase starting with “who has given” tells us something more about God Most High.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '20', 'hyf9', '', '', '0', 'Blessed be God Most High', 'This is a way of praising God. See how you translated “blessed be” in [Genesis 9:26](../09/26.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '20', 'me4m', '', '', '0', 'into your hand', '“into your control” or “into your power”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '21', 'yzi9', '', '', '0', 'Give me the people', 'The phrase “the people” may refer to the people of Sodom that the enemies had captured. Abram rescued them when he rescued Lot.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '22', 'pw78', '', '', '0', 'I have lifted up my hand', 'This means “I have taken an oath” or “I have made a promise.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '24', 'fd75', '', '', '0', 'I will take nothing except what the young men have eaten', '“I take from you only what my young men have already eaten.” Abram was refusing to accept anything for himself, but acknowledged that the soldiers had eaten some of the supplies during the journey back to Sodom after the battle.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '24', 'xk3g', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'the share of the men that went with me', 'The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the share of the recovered property that belongs to the men who helped me get it back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '14', '24', 'dn4x', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Aner, Eshkol, and Mamre', 'These are the allies of Abram ([Genesis 14:13](../14/13.md)). Because they were Abram’s allies they fought battles alongside him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “my allies Aner, Eshkol, and Mamre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', 'intro', 'b77u', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 15 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Inheritance
In the ancient Near East, a person’s children inherited the property and land of their parents. Abraham doubted the fulfillment of God’s covenant because he did not have any children to whom to give his land. This showed a lack of faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]],[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])

### Fulfilling a promise
In the ancient Near East, two people performed a similar sacrifice by dividing animals in half. It was a way to say to the other person, “may this happen to me if I do not fulfill my promise.” The event recorded here indicates that God will fulfill his promise and only he is responsible for bringing it about. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])

### God’s covenant with Abraham

God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. This covenant has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '1', 'u7m1', '', '', '0', 'After these things', '“These things” refers to when the kings fought and Abram rescued Lot.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '1', 'y6sg', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'the word of Yahweh came to Abram in a vision, saying, “Fear', 'The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Abram in a vision. He said, ‘Fear” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Abram in a vision: ‘Fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '1', 'f5jx', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'shield…reward', 'God used these two metaphors to tell Abram about his character and his relationship to Abram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '1', 'q9jg', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'I am your shield', 'Soldiers use a shield to protect themselves from their enemies. Alternate translation: “I will protect you like shield” or “I am your shield to protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '1', 'a84d', '', '', '0', 'I am…your very great reward', 'Possible meanings are (1) “I myself will be all that you need” or (2) “I will give you all you need.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '1', 'd6eq', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'reward', 'the result of a person’s actions. This seems to be a metonym for the gracious blessing God would give Abram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '3', 'e54g', '', '', '0', 'Abram said, “Since you have given me', '“Abram continued speaking and said, ‘Since you have given me’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '4', 'ym81', '', '', '0', 'Then, behold', 'The word “behold” emphasizes the fact that the word of Yahweh came to Abraham again.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '4', 'a5xl', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'the word of Yahweh came to him, saying, “This', 'The idiom “The word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this idiom in [Genesis 15:1](./01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave him a message. He said, ‘This” or “Yahweh spoke this message to him: ‘This” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '4', 'jf7t', '', '', '0', 'This man', 'This refers to Eliezer of Damascus.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '4', 't2nt', '', '', '0', 'the one who will come from your own body', '“the one that you will father” or “your very own son.” Abram’s own son would become his heir.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '5', 'rzc6', '', '', '0', 'number the stars', '“count the stars”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '5', 's2td', '', '', '0', 'So will your descendants be', 'Just as Abram would not be able to count all the stars, he would not be able to count all his descendants because there would be so many.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '6', 'wi6t', '', '', '0', 'He believed Yahweh', 'This means he accepted and trusted what Yahweh said was true.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '6', 'vu8m', '', '', '0', 'he counted it to him as righteousness', '“Yahweh counted Abram’s belief as righteousness” or “Yahweh considered Abram righteous because Abram believed him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '7', 's8nq', '', '', '0', 'I am Yahweh, who brought you out of Ur', 'Yahweh was reminding Abraham of what he had already done so that Abraham would know that Yahweh had the power to give Abram what he promised him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '7', 'vpc6', '', '', '0', 'to inherit it', '“to receive it” or “so that you will possess it”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '8', 'xgm4', '', '', '0', 'how will I know', 'Abram was asking for more proof that Yahweh would give him the land.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '11', 'ej2r', '', '', '0', 'the carcasses', '“the dead bodies of the animals and birds”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '11', 'ld5n', '', '', '0', 'Abram drove them away', '“Abram chased the birds away.” He made sure the birds did not eat the dead animals.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '12', 'mt8x', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Abram fell sound asleep', 'This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Abraham slept deeply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '12', 's67i', '', '', '0', 'a deep and terrifying darkness', '“an extreme darkness that terrified him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '12', 't6p7', '', '', '0', 'overwhelmed him', '“surrounded him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '13', 'v3tk', '', '', '0', 'strangers', 'people who are at home in one place but have to live in another place']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '13', 'ayu5', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'will be enslaved and oppressed', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the owners of that land will enslave your descendants and oppress them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '14', 'u2c1', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Yahweh continued to speak to Abram while Abram dreamed.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '14', 'chv9', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'I will judge', 'Here “judge” is a metonym for what will happen after God makes the judgment. Alternate translation: “I will punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '14', 'i1hs', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'that they will serve', 'The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “that your descendants will serve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '14', 'i716', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'abundant possessions', 'This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “many possessions” or “great wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '15', 'zj2t', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'you will go to your fathers', 'This is a polite way of saying “you will die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '15', 'ce5w', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'fathers', 'The word “fathers” is a synecdoche for all ancestors. Alternate translation: “ancestors” or “ancestral fathers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '15', 'm38i', '', '', '0', 'you will be buried in a good old age', '“you will be very old when you die and your family buries your body”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '16', 't8tm', '', '', '0', 'In the fourth generation', 'Here one generation refers to a lifespan of 100 years. “After four hundred years”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '16', 'kgu5', '', '', '0', 'they will come here again', '“your descendants will come back here.” Abraham’s descendants would come to the land where Abram was then living, the land that Yahweh had promised to give to him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '16', 'dfh5', '', '', '0', 'has not yet reached its limit', '“is not yet complete” or “will get much worse before I punish them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '17', 'bak2', '', '', '0', 'behold', 'The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '17', 'dq6q', '', '', '0', 'a smoking fire pot and a flaming torch passed between the pieces', 'God did this to show Abram that he was making a covenant with him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '17', 'b8ea', '', '', '0', 'passed between the pieces', '“passed through between the two rows of animal pieces”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '18', 'jca2', '', '', '0', 'covenant', 'In this covenant God promises to bless Abram, and he will continue to bless him as long as Abram follows him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '18', 'n51q', '', '', '0', 'I hereby give this land', 'By saying this, God was giving the land to Abram’s descendants. God was doing this then, but the descendants would not go into the land until many years later.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '19', 'z53u', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites', 'These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would allow Abraham’s descendants to conquer these people and take their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '20', 's5a4', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Rephaites', 'These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would allow Abraham’s descendants to conquer these people and take their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '15', '21', 'x8uz', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Jebusites', 'These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would allow Abraham’s descendants to conquer these people and take their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', 'intro', 'hcf5', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 16 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 16:11-12.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Plural marriage
Abram married Hagar while he was also married to Sarai. Even though Abram had his wife’s permission, this was an immoral and sinful action. It also showed a lack of faith in God. Sarai quickly became jealous of Hagar. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '1', 'g63i', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Now', 'This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story and background information about Sarai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '1', 'qvt5', '', '', '0', 'female servant', '“slave-girl.” This type of slave would serve the woman of the household.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '2', 'mi22', '', '', '0', 'from having children', '“from giving birth to children”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '2', 'g7pn', '', '', '0', 'I will have children by her', '“I will build my family through her”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '2', 'd65g', '', '', '0', 'Abram listened to the voice of Sarai', '“Abram did what Sarai said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '4', 'r8xr', '', '', '0', 'she looked with contempt on her mistress', '“she despised her mistress” or “she thought that she was more valuable than her mistress”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '4', 'n3w5', '', '', '0', 'her mistress', 'Here this refers to Sarai. A mistress has authority over her slave. Alternate translation: “her owner” or “Sarai”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '5', 'zy8r', '', '', '0', 'This wrong on me', '“This injustice against me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '5', 'cs17', '', '', '0', 'is because of you', '“is your responsibility” or “is your fault”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '5', 'pg3a', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'I gave my servant woman into your embrace', 'Sarai used the word “embrace” here to refer to him sleeping with her. Alternate translation: “I gave you my servant so that you would sleep with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '5', 'da2j', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'I was despised in her eyes', 'This can be active. Alternate translation: “she hated me” or “she began to hate me” or “she thought she was better than me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '5', 'yn9x', '', '', '0', 'Let Yahweh judge between me and you', '“I want Yahweh to say whether this is my fault or your fault” or “I want Yahweh to decide which one of us is right.” The phrase “to judge between” means to decide which person is right in a dispute between them.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '6', 'xrl3', '', '', '0', 'See here', '“Listen to me” or “Pay attention”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '6', 'dgm6', '', '', '0', 'in your power', '“under your authority”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '6', 'j5i9', '', '', '0', 'Sarai dealt harshly with her', '“Sarai treated Hagar very badly”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '6', 't433', '', '', '0', 'she fled from her', '“Hagar fled from Sarai”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '7', 'e27g', '', '', '0', 'The angel of Yahweh', 'Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or (2) this was one of Yahweh’s angels or (3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of Yahweh” using the normal word that you use for “angel.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '7', 'w6d6', '', '', '0', 'wilderness', 'The wilderness area she went to was a desert. Alternate translation: “desert”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '7', 'y62e', '', '', '0', 'Shur', 'This was the name of a place south of Canaan and east of Egypt.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '8', 'mk7v', '', '', '0', 'my mistress', 'Here this refers to Sarai. A mistress has authority over her slave. See how “her mistress” is translated in [Genesis 16:4](../16/04.md). Alternate translation: “my owner”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '9', 'rqm5', '', '', '0', 'The angel of Yahweh said to her', '“The angel of Yahweh said to Hagar”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '9', 'r9gt', '', '', '0', 'your mistress', 'Sarai. See how “her mistress” is translated in [Genesis 16:4](../16/04.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '10', 'km4g', '', '', '0', 'the angel of Yahweh', 'See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '10', 'aa1h', '', '', '0', 'the angel of Yahweh said to her, “I', 'When he said “I,” he was referring to Yahweh. When translating what is in the quote, do it as the angel of Yahweh did and use the word “I” when referring to Yahweh.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '10', 'xr66', '', '', '0', 'I will greatly multiply your descendants', '“I will give you very many descendants”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '10', 'sn9f', '', '', '0', 'too numerous to count', '“so many that no one will be able to count them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '11', 'ee9v', '', '', '0', 'The angel of Yahweh', 'See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '11', 'mj7q', '', '', '0', 'Behold', '“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '11', 'qqh8', '', '', '0', 'bear a son', '“give birth to a son”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '11', 't29c', '', '', '0', 'you will call his name', '“you will name him.” The word “you” refers to Hagar.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '11', 'x6x4', '', '', '0', 'Ishmael, because Yahweh has heard', 'Translators may add a footnote that says “The name ‘Ishmael’ means ‘God has heard.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '11', 'xmm5', '', '', '0', 'affliction', 'She has been afflicted by distress and suffering.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '12', 'rpu1', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'He will be a wild donkey of a man', 'This was not an insult. It may mean that Ishmael would be independent and strong like a wild donkey. Alternate translation: “He will be like a wild donkey among men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '12', 'vyt4', '', '', '0', 'He will be hostile against every man', '“He will be every man’s enemy”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '12', 'j1p2', '', '', '0', 'every man will be hostile to him', '“everyone will be his enemy”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '12', 'q8j2', '', '', '0', 'he will live apart from', 'This can also mean “he will live in hostility with.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '12', 'ihy3', '', '', '0', 'his brothers', '“his relatives” or “the other members of his family”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '13', 't9b6', '', '', '0', 'Yahweh who spoke to her', '“Yahweh, because he spoke to her”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '13', 'jsy3', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Do I really continue to see,…me?', 'Hagar used this rhetorical question to express her amazement that she was still alive even after she met God. People expected that if they met God, they would die. Here seeing represents living. Alternate translation: “I am surprised that I am still alive,…me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '14', 'ez2d', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Therefore the well was called Beer Lahai Roi', 'Translators may add a footnote that says “Beer Lahai Roi means ‘the well of the living one who sees me.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '14', 'c8h8', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'behold, it is between Kadesh and Bered', 'The word “behold” here draws attention to the fact that the well was in a place that the author and his readers knew. Alternate translation: “in fact, it is between Kadesh and Bered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '15', 'x6tu', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Hagar gave birth', 'Hagar’s return to Sarai and Abram is implict. You can make this more explicit. Alternate translation: “So Hagar went back and gave birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '15', 'g9my', '', '', '0', 'named his son, whom Hagar bore', '“named his son by Hagar” or “named his and Hagar’s son”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '16', 'cdy2', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Abram was', 'This introduces background information about Abram’s age when these things happened. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '16', '16', 'e7x4', '', '', '0', 'bore Ishmael to Abram', 'This means “gave birth to Abram’s son, Ishmael.” The focus is on Abram having a son.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', 'intro', 'ry14', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 17 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### “The father of a multitude of nations”
Abram came to have many descendants. He had so many descendants that many of his immediate descendants became large people groups and nations.

### God’s covenant with Abraham

God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. It is important to note in this chapter that Isaac is the son who receives the promises associated with the covenant and not Ishmael. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])

### Circumcision
Circumcision was an unusual practice in the ancient Near East. It served to separate the Hebrew people from the rest of the world. This chapter records the beginning of this practice among Abraham and his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])

### Name change
In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person’s life. The beginning of the practice of circumcision was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '1', 'e289', '', '', '0', 'When Abram was ninety-nine years old', 'This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '1', 'j61v', '', '', '0', 'God Almighty', '“the all-powerful God” or “the God who has all power”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '1', 'cp7w', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Walk before me', 'Walking is a metaphor for living, and “before me” or “in my presence” here is a metaphor for obedience. Alternate translation: “Live the way I want you to” or “Obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '2', 'e6dj', '', '', '0', 'Then I will confirm', '“If you do this, then I will confirm”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '2', 'n6qi', '', '', '0', 'I will confirm my covenant', '“I will give my covenant” or “I will make my covenant”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '2', 'x3wu', '', '', '0', 'covenant', 'In this covenant God promises to bless Abram, but he also requires Abram to obey him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '2', 'qt2p', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'multiply you exceedingly', 'Here “multiply you” is an idiom that means he will give him more descendants. Alternate translation: “greatly increase the number of your descendants” or “give you very many descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '3', 'm64l', '', '', '0', 'Abram bowed low with his face to the ground', '“Abram threw himself face down on the ground” or “Abraham immediately lay down with his face to the ground.” He did this to show that he respected God and would obey him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '4', 'j6m4', '', '', '0', 'As for me', 'God used this phrase to introduce what he would do for Abram as part of his covenant with Abram.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '4', 'x8l2', '', '', '0', 'behold, my covenant is with you', 'The word “behold” here says that what comes next is certain: “my covenant is certainly with you.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '4', 'x5p4', '', '', '0', 'the father of a multitude of nations', '“the father of a great number of nations” or “the one after whom many nations name themselves”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '6', 'qgt7', '', '', '0', 'I will make you exceedingly fruitful', '“I will cause you to have very many descendants”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '6', 'z2ge', '', '', '0', 'I will make nations of you', '“I will cause your descendants to become nations”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '6', 'u97r', '', '', '0', 'kings will descend from you', '“among your descendants there will be kings” or “some of your descendants will be kings”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '7', 'qx71', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'God continues speaking to Abraham.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '7', 'nr7x', '', '', '0', 'throughout their generations', '“for each generation”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '7', 'pbe9', '', '', '0', 'for an everlasting covenant', '“as a covenant that will last forever”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '7', 'pr1d', '', '', '0', 'to be God to you and to your descendants after you', '“to be your God and your descendants’ God” or “covenant”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '8', 'hur8', '', '', '0', 'Canaan, for an everlasting possession', '“Canaan, as an everlasting possession” or “Canaan, to possess forever”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '9', 'x9sd', '', '', '0', 'As for you', 'God uses this phrase to introduce what Abram would have to do as part of God’s covenant with him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '9', 'x8a9', '', '', '0', 'keep my covenant', '“observe my covenant” or “honor my covenant” or “obey my covenant”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '10', 'jn4e', '', '', '0', 'This is my covenant', '“This is a requirement of my covenant” or “This is part of my covenant.” This sentence introduces the part of the covenant that Abram must do.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '10', 'ib6l', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'Every male among you must be circumcised', 'This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “You must circumcise every male among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '10', 'xjr3', '', '', '0', 'Every male', 'This refers to human males.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '11', 'j6pm', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'You must be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin', 'Some communities may prefer a less descriptive expression such as “You must be circumcised.” If your translation of “be circumcised” already includes the word for “foreskin”, you do not need to repeat it. This can be made active. Alternate translation: “You must circumcise every male among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '11', 'i3l8', '', '', '0', 'the sign of the covenant', '“the sign that shows that the covenant exists”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '11', 's7vs', '', '', '0', 'the sign', 'Possible meanings are (1) “the sign” or (2) “a sign.” The first means that there was one sign, and the second means that there may have been more than one sign. Here the word “sign” means a reminder of something that God had promised.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '12', 't92x', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'God continues speaking to Abraham.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '12', 'xpc8', '', '', '0', 'Every male', '“Every human male”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '12', 'ev7m', '', '', '0', 'throughout your people’s generations', '“in every generation”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '12', 'ed5x', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'him who is bought with money', 'This refers to slaves. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “any male that you buy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '13', 'fim6', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'my covenant will be in your flesh', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will mark my covenant in your flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '13', 'ea1n', '', '', '0', 'for an everlasting covenant', '“as a permanent covenant.” Because it was marked in flesh, no one could easily erase it.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '14', 'lpi7', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'uncircumcised male who is not circumcised', 'This can be stated in active form, and you may leave out words that will give wrong meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “male whom you have not circumcised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '14', 'any2', '', '', '0', 'Any uncircumcised male…foreskin will be cut off from his people', 'Possible meanings are (1) “I will cut off any uncircumcised male…foreskin from his people” or (2) “I want you to cut off any uncircumcised male…foreskin from his people.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '14', 'pi4v', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'cut off from his people', 'Possible meanings are (1) “killed” or (2) “sent away from the community.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '14', 'e2n7', '', '', '0', 'He has broken my covenant', '“He has not obeyed the rules of my covenant.” This is the reason that he would be cut off from his people.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '15', 'w67t', '', '', '0', 'As for Sarai', 'The words “As for” introduce the next person God talks about.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '16', 'fpk7', '', '', '0', 'I will give you a son by her', '“I will make her bear a son for you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '16', 'g1ax', '', '', '0', 'she will become the mother of nations', '“she will be the ancestor of many nations” or “her descendants will become nations”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '16', 'tb49', '', '', '0', 'Kings of peoples will come from her', '“Kings of peoples will descend from her” or “Some of her descendants will be kings of peoples”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '17', 'cx58', '', '', '0', 'said in his heart', '“thought to himself” or “said to himself silently”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '17', 's8rv', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Can a child be born to a man who is a hundred years old?', 'Abraham used this rhetorical question because he did not believe that this could happen. Alternate translation: “Surely a man who is a hundred years old cannot father a child!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '17', 'ewn1', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'How can Sarah, who is ninety years old, bear a son?', 'Again Abraham used a rhetorical question because he did not believe this could happen. The phrase “who is ninety years old” tells why Abraham did not believe that Sarah could bear a son. Alternate translation: “Sarah is ninety years old. Could she bear a son?” or “Sarah is ninety years old. Surely she could not bear a son!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '18', 'bc1n', '', '', '0', 'Oh that Ishmael might live before you', '“Please let Ishmael inherit the covenant that you have made with me” or “Perhaps Ishmael could receive your covenant blessing.” Abraham suggested something that he believed really could happen.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '19', 'q8lt', '', '', '0', 'No, but Sarah your wife will bear', 'God said this to correct Abraham’s belief that Sarah could not have a son.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '19', 'u9hq', '', '', '0', 'you must name him', 'The word “you” refers to Abraham.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '20', 'l6cf', '', '', '0', 'As for Ishmael', 'The words “As for” show that God is switching from talking about the baby that would be born to talking about Ishmael.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '20', 'fvb5', '', '', '0', 'Behold', '“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '20', 'e3g9', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'will make him fruitful', 'This is an idiom that means “will cause him to have many children.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '20', 'y6m2', '', '', '0', 'will multiply him abundantly', '“I will cause him to have many descendants”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '20', 'ga2d', '', '', '0', 'princes', '“chiefs” or “rulers.” Ishmael’s twelve sons are different from the twelve sons of Jacob who were the fathers of the twelve tribes of Israel.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '21', 'rwv4', '', '', '0', 'But my covenant I will establish with Isaac', 'God returns to talking about his covenant with Abraham and emphasizes that he would fulfill his promise with Isaac, not with Ishmael.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '22', 'm8vf', '', '', '0', 'When he had finished talking with him', '“When God had finished talking with Abraham”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '22', 'sw9y', '', '', '0', 'God went up from Abraham', '“God left Abraham”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '23', 'nxp3', '', '', '0', 'every male among the men of Abraham’s household', '“every human male in Abraham’s household” or “every male person in Abraham’s household.” It refers to human males of all ages: babies, boys, and men.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '27', 'rgk6', '', '', '0', 'including those born into the household and those bought with money from a foreigner', '“This includes those who were born in his household and those he had bought from foreigners”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '27', 'a2ym', '', '', '0', 'those bought with money from a foreigner', 'This refers to servants or slaves.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '17', '27', 'xq3b', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'those bought', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom he had bought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', 'intro', 'ky5w', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 18 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Three men
The three men who visited Abraham were probably angels. This is evident from Abraham’s reaction to them. Also, it appears Abraham knew that he was speaking directly to Yahweh through these men. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/angel]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

### Disbelief
When Sarah heard the news that she was going to have a baby, she laughed in disbelief because she was considered too old to have a baby. She also asked a rhetorical question in order to further show her disbelief. This would have been considered an insult to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

In his exchange with God, Abraham did not show any sign of unbelief. Instead, he is asking God for mercy because he trusted in the character of God. He does not question God’s power to accomplish things as Sarah had done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### Sarah’s age

It should be apparent that Sarah was physically no longer able to have children because of her age. There is a natural period in a woman’s life when she stops being able to have children. The text assumes the reader understands that Sarah has already experienced this event. In English, this is called “menopause.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '1', 'a3at', '', '', '0', 'Mamre', 'This was the name of the man who owned the oak trees.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '1', 'ra4w', '', '', '0', 'in the tent doorway', '“at the opening of the tent” or “at the entrance of the tent”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '1', 'u27f', '', '', '0', 'heat of the day', '“hottest time of day”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '2', 't35m', '', '', '0', 'He looked up and, behold, he saw three men standing', '“He looked up and saw, and behold, three men were standing”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '2', 'm2pv', '', '', '0', 'behold, he saw', '“he was surprised because he saw”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '2', 'xd3c', '', '', '0', 'across from him', '“nearby” or “there.” They were near him, but far enough away for him to run to them.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '2', 'ygs8', '', '', '0', 'bowed', 'This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '3', 'cj7j', '', '', '0', 'Lord', 'This is a title of respect. Possible meanings are (1) Abraham knew that one of these men was God or (2) Abraham knew that these men came on behalf of God.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '3', 's5jg', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'if I have found favor in your sight', 'Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that the Lord is pleased with him, and “your sight” is a metaphor representing the Lord’s evaluation. Alternate translation: “if you have evaluated me and approve” or “if you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '3', 'i86z', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'in your sight', 'Abraham is speaking to one of the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '3', 'ie2s', '', '', '0', 'do not pass by', '“please do not keep on going past”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '3', 's6nr', '', '', '0', 'your servant', '“me.” Abraham refers to himself this way in order to show respect to his guest.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '4', 'cs93', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'Let a little water be brought', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let me bring you some water” or “My servant will bring you some water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '4', 'r83u', '', '', '0', 'a little water', '“some water.” Saying “little” was a polite way of showing generosity. Abraham would give them more than enough water.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '4', 'c7uk', '', '', '0', 'wash your feet', 'This custom helped tired travelers to refresh themselves after walking long distances.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '5', 'p5cn', '', '', '0', 'a little food', '“some food.” Saying “little” was a polite way of showing generosity. Abraham would give them more than enough food.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '5', 'rmc5', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'your…you', 'Abraham speaks to all three of the men, so “you” and “your” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '6', 'gl4c', 'translate-bvolume', '', '0', 'three seahs', 'about 22 liters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '6', 'sbt6', '', '', '0', 'bread', 'This bread was probably cooked quickly on a hot stone. It may have been flat or round like small loaves or rolls.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '7', 's4v8', '', '', '0', 'he hurried', '“the servant hurried”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '7', 'hp5s', '', '', '0', 'to prepare it', '“to cut it up and roast it”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '8', 'k6lz', '', '', '0', 'curds', 'This refers to the solid part of fermented milk. It may have been yogurt or cheese.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '8', 'c4vs', '', '', '0', 'the calf that had been prepared', '“the roasted calf”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '8', 'pp29', '', '', '0', 'before them', '“before the three visitors”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '9', 'eq6d', '', '', '0', 'They said to him', '“Then they said to Abraham”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '10', 'gg9j', '', '', '0', 'He said, “I will certainly return to you', 'The word “He” refers to the man whom Abraham called “Lord” in [Genesis 18:3](../18/03.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '10', 'iwn6', '', '', '0', 'in the springtime', '“when this same season comes next year” or “about this time next year”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '10', 'aas2', '', '', '0', 'see', 'The word “see” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '10', 'qvh9', '', '', '0', 'in the tent doorway', '“at the opening of the tent” or “at the entrance of the tent”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '12', 'u12x', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'After I am worn-out and my master is old, will I now have this pleasure?', 'You may want to add “of having a baby.” Sarah used this rhetorical question because she did not believe that she could have a child. Alternate translation: “I cannot believe that I will experience the joy of having a child. My master is also too old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '12', 'm2nn', '', '', '0', 'my master is old', 'This means “since my husband is also old.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '12', 'qrv3', '', '', '0', 'my master', 'This is a title of respect that Sarah gave to her husband Abraham.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '13', 'dfs6', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Why did Sarah laugh and say, ‘Will I really bear a child, when I am old’?', 'God used this rhetorical question to show that he knew what Sarah was thinking and that he was not pleased with it. He repeats Sarah’s rhetorical question ([Genesis 18:12](../18/12.md)) using different words. Alternate translation: “Sarah was wrong to laugh and say, ‘I will not bear a child because I am too old!’”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '14', 'i13f', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'Is anything too hard for Yahweh?', '“Is there anything that Yahweh cannot do?” Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were speaking of someone else to remind Abraham that he, Yahweh, is great and can do anything. Alternate translation: “There is nothing that I, Yahweh, cannot do!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '14', 'rd96', '', '', '0', 'At the time appointed by me, in the spring', '“At the time I have appointed, which is in the spring”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '15', 'fc88', '', '', '0', 'Then Sarah denied it and said', '“The Sarah denied it by saying”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '15', 'c49f', '', '', '0', 'He replied', '“Yahweh replied”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '15', 'pq5b', '', '', '0', 'No, you did laugh', '“Yes, you did laugh.” This means “No, that is not true; you did in fact laugh.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '16', 'mtk2', '', '', '0', 'to see them on their way', '“to send them on their way” or “to say ‘Farewell’ to them.” It was polite to go some distance with guests as they were leaving.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '17', 'z943', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Should I hide from Abraham what I am about to do', 'God used this rhetorical question to say that he was going to talk to Abraham about something very important and that it was best for him to do so. Alternate translation: “I should not and will not hide from Abraham what I am about to do” or “I should and will tell Abraham what I am about to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '18', 'e6qk', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', '', 'The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Should I hide” in verse 17 ends here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '18', 'h854', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'since Abraham…in him?', 'The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Should I hide” in verse 17 ends here. God uses this rhetorical question to say that he was going to talk to Abraham about something very important and that it was best for him to do so. “I should not and will not hide…since Abraham in him.” or “I should and will tell…since Abraham in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '18', 'q36h', '', '', '0', 'since…him?', '“This is because…him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '18', 'e9uw', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'all the nations of the earth will be blessed in him', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will bless all the nations of the earth through Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '18', 'i8b1', '', '', '0', 'will be blessed in him', '“will be blessed because of Abraham” or “will be blessed because I have blessed Abraham.” For translating “in him” see how you translated “through you” in [Genesis 12:3](../12/03.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '19', 'pxl9', '', '', '0', 'that he may instruct', '“that he will direct” or “so that he will command”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '19', 'cwm4', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'to keep the way of Yahweh…Yahweh may bring…he has said', 'Yahweh is speaking about himself as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “to obey what I, Yahweh, require…I, Yahweh, may bring…I have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '19', 'ny3x', '', '', '0', 'to keep the way of Yahweh', '“to obey the commands of Yahweh”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '19', 'f8f7', '', '', '0', 'to do righteousness and justice', '“by doing righteousness and justice.” This tells how to keep the way of Yahweh.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '19', 'v4z4', '', '', '0', 'so that Yahweh may bring upon Abraham what he has said to him', '“so that Yahweh may bless Abraham just as he said he would.” This refers to the covenant promise to bless Abraham and make him a great nation.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '20', 'm237', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is so great', 'This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “outcry” is expressed as the verb “accuse.” Alternate translation: “so many people have been accusing the people of Sodom and Gomorrah of doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '20', 'jp1b', '', '', '0', 'their sin is so serious', '“they have sinned so much”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '21', 'fb8x', '', '', '0', 'I will now go down there', '“I will now go down to Sodom and Gomorrah”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '21', 'lki8', '', '', '0', 'go down there and see', '“go down there to find out” or “go down there to decide”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '21', 'vp7m', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'see the outcry…that has come to me', 'Yahweh speaks as if he knew about this matter because he had heard the cries and accusations coming from the people who had suffered. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “outcry” is expressed as the verb “accuse.” Alternate translation: “as wicked as those who are accusing them say that they are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '21', 'vp4d', '', '', '0', 'If not', '“If they are not as wicked as the outcry suggests”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '22', 'ms2h', '', '', '0', 'turned from there', '“went out from Abraham’s camp”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '22', 'yxr6', '', '', '0', 'Abraham remained standing before Yahweh', '“Abraham and Yahweh remained together”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '23', 'b62y', '', '', '0', 'approached and said', '“approached Yahweh and said” or “stepped closer to Yahweh and said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '23', 'g5he', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'sweep away', 'Abraham speaks of destroying people as if it were sweeping dirt with a broom. Alternate translation: “destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '23', 'awu4', '', '', '0', 'the righteous with the wicked', '“the righteous people with the wicked people”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '24', 'pb7k', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Abraham continues talking to Yahweh.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '24', 'h4eu', '', '', '0', 'Perhaps there are', '“Suppose there are”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '24', 'dz9j', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Will you sweep it away and not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there?', 'Abraham was hoping that Yahweh would say, “I will not sweep it away.” Alternate translation: “I think you would not sweep it away. Instead, you would spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '24', 'h8ks', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'sweep it away', '“destroy it.” Abraham speaks of destroying people as if it were sweeping dirt with a broom. Alternate translation: “destroy the people who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '24', 'qq2a', '', '', '0', 'not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there?', 'Abraham was hoping that God would say “I will spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous people there.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '24', 'd8ui', '', '', '0', 'spare the place', '“let the people live”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '24', 'zj59', '', '', '0', 'for the sake of', '“because of”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '25', 'rj5a', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Far be it from you to do such a thing', 'Here “Far be it from you” is an idiom that means the person should never do something like that. Alternate translation: “I would never want you to do something like that” or “You should not want to do something like that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '25', 're6w', '', '', '0', 'such a thing, killing', '“such a thing as killing” or “such a thing, that is, killing”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '25', 'hqx8', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'the righteous should be treated the same as the wicked', 'This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “you should treat the righteous the same way you treat the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '25', 'm329', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Will not the Judge of all the earth do what is just?', 'Abraham used this rhetorical question to say what he expected God to do. Alternate translation: “The Judge of all the earth will certainly do what is just!” or “Since you are the Judge of all the earth, you will surely do what is right!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '25', 'de6w', '', '', '0', 'Judge', 'God is often referred to as a judge because he is the one perfect judge who makes the final decisions about what is right or wrong.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '27', 'dsz4', '', '', '0', 'Look', 'The phrase “Look” here draws attention to the surprising information that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '27', 'fax5', '', '', '0', 'I have undertaken to speak', '“Pardon me for being so bold as to speak to you” or “Excuse me for daring to speak”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '27', 'snd3', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'to my Lord', 'Abraham shows his respect to Yahweh by speaking to Yahweh as if he were speaking to someone else. Alternate translation: “to you, my Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '27', 'ew9k', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'only dust and ashes', 'This metaphor describes Abraham as a human being, who will die and whose body will turn into to dust and ashes. Alternate translation: “only a mortal man” or “as unimportant as dust and ashes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '28', 'ln28', '', '', '0', 'five less than fifty righteous', '“only forty-five righteous people”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '28', 'zqs7', '', '', '0', 'for lack of five', '“if there are five fewer righteous people”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '28', 'n8tk', '', '', '0', 'I will not destroy it', '“I will not destroy Sodom”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '29', 'uj4n', '', '', '0', 'He spoke to him', '“Abraham spoke to Yahweh”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '29', 'hah3', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'if there are forty found there', 'This can be translated in active form. You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “if you find forty righteous people there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '29', 'y28t', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'for the forty’s sake', '“for the sake of the forty” or “if I find forty there.” You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “for the sake of the forty righteous people” or “if I find forty righteous people there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '29', 'nup9', '', '', '0', 'He replied', '“Yahweh answered”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '29', 'tyh3', '', '', '0', 'I will not do it for the forty’s sake', '“I will not destroy the cities if I find forty righteous people there”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '30', 'vk5m', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'thirty will be found there', 'This can be translated in active form. You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “you will find thirty righteous people there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '31', 'kep9', '', '', '0', 'Look', 'The phrase “Look” here draws attention to the surprising information that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '31', 'e1em', '', '', '0', 'I have undertaken to speak', '“Pardon me for being so bold as to speak to you” or “Excuse me for daring to speak.” See how this is translated in [Genesis 18:27](../18/27.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '31', 'un9p', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'twenty will be found there', 'This can be translated in active form. You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “you will find twenty righteous people there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '31', 's4zn', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'for the twenty’s sake', '“for the sake of the twenty” or “if I find twenty there.” You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “for the sake of the twenty righteous people” or “if I find twenty righteous people there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '32', 'a6tx', '', '', '0', 'Perhaps ten will be found there', '“Perhaps you will find ten righteous people there”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '32', 'q1p9', '', '', '0', 'Perhaps ten', '“Perhaps ten righteous people” or “ten good people”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '32', 'ak2y', '', '', '0', 'Then he said', '“And Yahweh answered”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '32', 'd335', '', '', '0', 'for the ten’s sake', '“if I find ten righteous people there”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '18', '33', 'wum8', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Yahweh went on his way', 'Here “went on his way” is an idiom that means he left, or he continued his journey. Yahweh appeared to Abraham in human form as a traveler. Alternate translation: “Yahweh departed” or “Yahweh continued on his journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', 'intro', 'hb2x', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 19 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### The evil desires of the Sodomites
The men of Sodom desired to forcibly have sexual relations with the angels who came to the city appearing as men. Such action is known as “rape.” Their desire was viewed as especially evil because Lot was obligated to protect his guests at all costs, even that of sacrificing his own children for his guests. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

### Hospitality
Hospitality, or being kind to a visitor, was very important in the Ancient Near East. Lot showed his guests loyalty by doing his utmost to protect them from the people of Sodom.

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Contrasts
It is probable that Abraham’s faith and actions in chapter 18 are intended to contrast with the actions of the worldly Sodomites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '1', 'uh7h', '', '', '0', 'The two angels', 'The two men who have gone to Sodom ([Genesis 18:22](../18/22.md)) are really angels.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '1', 'b4sb', '', '', '0', 'the gate of Sodom', '“the entrance to the city of Sodom.” The city had a wall around it, and people had to go through a gate to get into it. This was a very important place in a city. Important people often spent time there.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '1', 'ny92', '', '', '0', 'bowed down with his face to the ground', 'He put his knees on the ground then touched his forehead and nose to the ground.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '2', 't9qp', '', '', '0', 'my masters', 'This was a term of respect Lot used for the angels.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '2', 'egr4', '', '', '0', 'I urge you to turn aside into your servant’s house', '“Please come and stay in your servant’s house”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '2', 'w78p', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'your servant’s house', 'Lot refers to himself as their servant in order to show them respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '2', 'sp4m', '', '', '0', 'wash your feet', 'People liked to wash their feet after traveling.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '2', 'sb2f', '', '', '0', 'rise up early', '“wake up early”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '2', 'a65m', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'we will spend the night', 'When the two angels said this, they were referring only to themselves, not to Lot. The two of them planned to spend the night in the square. Some languages would use the exclusive form of “we” here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '2', 'r62b', '', '', '0', 'town square', 'This is a public, outdoor place in the town.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '3', 'vnk8', '', '', '0', 'they went with him', '“they turned and went with him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '4', 'lc42', '', '', '0', 'before they lay down', '“before the people in Lot’s house lay down to go to sleep”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '4', 'iw1t', '', '', '0', 'the men of the city, the men of Sodom', '“the men of the city, that is, the men of Sodom” or just “the men of the city of Sodom”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '4', 'gyq4', '', '', '0', 'the house', '“Lot’s house”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '4', 'vqe5', '', '', '0', 'both young and old', '“from the youngest to the oldest.” This means “men of all ages” and refers to the men of Sodom who were surrounding Lot’s house.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '5', 'cu4h', '', '', '0', 'that came in to you', '“that went into your house”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '5', 'jfu1', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'we may know them', 'These words literally mean “we may know who they are,” but the men meant them as a euphemism for “we may have sexual relations with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '6', 'k84s', '', '', '0', 'after himself', '“behind him” or “after he went through”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '7', 'tg28', '', '', '0', 'I beg you, my brothers', '“I plead with you, my brothers”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '7', 's55m', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'my brothers', 'Lot spoke in a friendly way to the men of the city hoping that they would listen to him. Alternate translation: “my friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '7', 'ur1w', '', '', '0', 'do not act so wickedly', '“do not do something so wicked” or “do not do such a wicked thing”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '8', 'bc5c', '', '', '0', 'Look', '“Pay attention” or “Look here”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '8', 'pb1n', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'who have not known any man', 'This is a polite way of saying that the daughters had not had sexual relations with any man. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. See how you translated similar words in [Genesis 4:1](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '8', 'jn4w', '', '', '0', 'whatever is good in your eyes', '“whatever you desire” or “whatever you think is right”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '8', 'nig7', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'under the shadow of my roof', 'The two men were guests in Lot’s home, so he needed to protect them. The word “roof” is a synecdoche for the whole house and a metaphor for Lot protecting them. Alternate translation: “into my house, and God expects me to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '9', 'k7mf', '', '', '0', 'Stand back!', '“Step aside!” or “Get out of our way!”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '9', 'sgx9', '', '', '0', 'This one came here to live as a foreigner', '“This one came here as an outsider” or “This foreigner came to live here”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '9', 'ym7y', '', '', '0', 'This one', '“Lot.” The men are speaking to each other. If this would be unclear in your language, you may have the men speak to Lot here, as in UST.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '9', 'c9uq', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'and now', 'The speaker would not expect a foreigner to judge the people of that land. Alternate translation: “but even though he has no good reason to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '9', 'sa6c', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'he has become our judge', 'Here “has become our judge” is an idiom that means Lot is acting as if he can tell the men what actions are right or wrong. Alternate translation: “he acts as if he has the authority to tell us what is right and what is wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '9', 'x79u', '', '', '0', 'Now we', '“Because you are telling us that what we are doing is wrong, we”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '9', 'xi8x', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'we will deal worse with you than with them', 'The men are angry that Lot said, “Do not act so wickedly” ([Genesis 19:7](../19/07.md)), so they are threatening to act more wickedly than Lot had feared at first. Alternate translation: “we will act more wickedly with you than we will with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '9', 'gdw3', '', '', '0', 'They pressed hard against the man, against Lot, and came near to break down the door', 'Possible meanings are (1) “They kept coming closer to the man, to Lot, until they were close enough to break down the door” or (2) they physically pushed Lot up against the wall or door of the house and were about to break the door down.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '9', 'q8f7', '', '', '0', 'the man…Lot', 'This is two ways of referring to Lot.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '10', 'u4re', '', '', '0', 'But the men', '“But Lot’s two guests” or “But the two angels”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '10', 'ri1g', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'the men reached out their hands and brought…them and shut', 'Your language may need to add that the men opened the door first. Alternate translation: ‘the men opened the door far enough so they could reach out their hands and pull…them, and then they shut” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '11', 'urq7', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Lot’s visitors struck with blindness the men', 'The phrase “struck with blindness” is a metaphor; the visitors did not physically hit the men. Alternate translation: “Lot’s visitors blinded the men” or “they took away their sight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '11', 'kg3g', 'figs-merism', '', '0', 'both young and old', '“men of all ages.” This merism emphasizes that the visitors blinded all the men. This could indicate social standing rather than age. Alternate translation: “both small and great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '12', 'zat4', '', '', '0', 'Then the men said', '“Then the two men said” or “Then the angels said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '12', 'pl2x', '', '', '0', 'Do you have anyone else here?', '“Are there any other members of your family in the city?” or “Do you have any other family members in this place?”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '12', 'k1l8', '', '', '0', 'whoever you have in the city', '“any other members of your family living in this city”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '13', 'zq54', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'we are about to destroy', 'The word “we” here is exclusive. Only the two angels would destroy the city; Lot would not destroy it. If your language has an exclusive form of “we,” use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '13', 'q8rc', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'the accusations against it before Yahweh have become so loud', 'This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “accusations” is expressed as a verb. See how similar words are translated in [Genesis 18:20](../18/20.md). Alternate translation: “so many people have been telling Yahweh that the people of this city are doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '14', 'pd6h', '', '', '0', 'Lot went out', '“So Lot left the house”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '14', 'cb3j', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'his sons-in-law, the men who had promised to marry his daughters', 'The phrase “the men who had promised to marry his daughters” explains what “sons-in-law” means here. Alternate translation: “the men who were going to marry his daughters” or “his daughters’ fiancés” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '15', 'ch9a', '', '', '0', 'When the morning dawned', '“Just before the sun came up”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '15', 'r4pf', '', '', '0', 'Get going', '“Go now”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '15', 'ta9n', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'you are not swept away in the punishment of the city', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so Yahweh does not also destroy you when he punishes the people of this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '15', 'nd8n', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'not swept away in the punishment', 'God destroying the people of the city is spoken of as if a person were sweeping away dust. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '15', 's4jw', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'of the city', 'Here “city” stands for the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '16', 'jp9l', '', '', '0', 'But he lingered', '“But Lot hesitated” or “But Lot did not start to leave”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '16', 'sa45', '', '', '0', 'So the men grabbed', '“So the two men grabbed” or “So the angels grabbed”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '16', 'jl9w', '', '', '0', 'was merciful to him', '“had compassion on Lot.” Yahweh is described as being “merciful” because he was sparing the lives of Lot and his family instead of destroying them when he destroyed the people of Sodom for the wrong they had done.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '17', 'z72f', '', '', '0', 'When they had brought them out', '“When the two men had brought Lot’s family out”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '17', 'is11', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Run for your lives!', 'This is a way of telling them to run so that they do not die. Alternate translation: “Run away and save your lives!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '17', 'wpz3', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'Do not look back', 'The phrase “at the city” is understood. Alternate translation: “Do not look back at the city” or “Do not look back at Sodom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '17', 'hx63', '', '', '0', 'on the plain', 'This means the plain of the Jordan River. This refers to the general region of the Jordan River.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '17', 'n2if', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'so you are not swept away', 'It is understood that they would swept away with the people of the city. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “or else God will destroy you along with the people of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '17', 'c7y3', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'not swept away', 'God destroying the people of the city is spoken of as if a person were sweeping away dust. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '19', 'q7pm', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Your servant has found favor in your eyes', 'The phrase “found favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “You have been pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '19', 'zq9l', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'Your servant has', 'Lot was showing respect by referring to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “I, your servant, have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '19', 'hc7t', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'you have shown me great kindness in saving my life', 'The abstract noun “kindness” can be stated as “kind.” Alternate translation: “you have been very kind to me by saving my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '19', 'i5uv', 'figs-personification', '', '0', 'I cannot escape to the mountains, because the disaster will overtake me, and I will die', 'Being unable to get far enough away from Sodom when God destroys the city is spoken of as if “disaster” is a person that will chase and catch up with Lot. Alternate translation: “My family and I will certainly die when God destroys the people of Sodom, because the mountains are too far away for us to get there safely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '19', 'q5le', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'my life…I cannot escape…overtake me, and I will die', 'It is implied that Lot’s family would die along with him. Alternate translation: “our lives…we cannot escape…overtake us, and we will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '20', 'm8z1', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'let me escape there (is it not a little one?), and my life will be saved', 'Lot used this rhetorical question to get the angels to notice that the city really is a small one. Alternate translation: “let me escape there. You can see how small it is. If you let us go there we will live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '20', 'c93m', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'let me escape there', 'Lot’s full request can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “instead of destroying that city, let me escape there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '20', 'yx21', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'my life will be saved', 'It is implied that the lives of Lot’s family will be saved along with his. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that we will live” or “so that we will survive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '21', 'x14h', '', '', '0', 'I am granting this request also', '“I will do what you have asked”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '22', 'np4e', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'cannot do anything', 'This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “cannot destroy the other cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '22', 'y7sj', '', '', '0', 'Zoar', 'Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Zoar sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘little.’ Lot called this town ‘little’ in Genesis 19:20.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '23', 'z84a', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'The sun had risen upon the earth', '“The sun had risen over the earth.” The phrase “upon the earth” can be left implicit as it is in the UST where it is not translated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '23', 'zhv3', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'when Lot reached Zoar', 'It is implied that Lot’s family is with him. Alternate translation: “when Lot and his family arrived at Zoar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '24', 'f7cp', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Yahweh rained down upon Sodom and Gomorrah sulfur and fire from Yahweh out of the sky', 'The phrase “from Yahweh” stands for God’s power to cause the sulfur and fire to fall on the city. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused sulfur and fire to fall from the sky onto Sodom and Gomorrah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '24', 'c8se', 'figs-hendiadys', '', '0', 'sulfur and fire', 'These two words are used together to describe one object. Alternate translation: “burning sulfur” or “fiery rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '25', 'ubh2', '', '', '0', 'those cities', 'This refers primarily to Sodom and Gomorrah, but also to three other towns.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '25', 'kx2i', '', '', '0', 'the inhabitants of the cities', '“the people who lived in the cities”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '26', 'pf2p', '', '', '0', 'she became a pillar of salt', '“she became like a statue of salt” or “her body became like a tall stone of salt.” Because she disobeyed the angel who told them not to look back at the city, God caused her to become something like a statue made out of rock salt.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '28', 'zp8y', '', '', '0', 'behold', 'The word “behold” draws attention to the surprising information that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '28', 'p62z', 'figs-simile', '', '0', 'like the smoke of a furnace', 'This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. Alternate translation: “like the smoke from a very large fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '29', 'vag9', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Verse 29 is a summary of this chapter.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '29', 'tj4d', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'God called Abraham to mind', 'This tells why God rescued Lot. To “call to mind” is a way of saying “remember.” This does not imply that God forgot about Abraham. It means he considered Abraham and had mercy on him. Alternate translation: “God thought about Abraham and had mercy on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '29', 'h1uq', '', '', '0', 'out of the midst of the destruction', '“away from the destruction” or “away from danger”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '30', 'p16k', '', '', '0', 'Lot went up from Zoar to live in the mountains', 'The phrase “went up from” is used because Lot went to a higher elevation in the mountains.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '31', 'me8w', 'figs-nominaladj', '', '0', 'The firstborn…the younger', 'Here “firstborn” and “younger” are nominal adjectives that refer to Lot’s two daughters according to their birth order. Alternate translation: “Lot’s first daughter…Lot’s last daughter” or “The older daughter…the younger daughter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '31', 'xk1x', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'to lie with us', 'These words are a euphemism for sexual relations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '31', 'fm8h', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'according to the way of all the world', 'Here “the world” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “as people everywhere do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '32', 'tlh6', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'drink wine', 'It can be made explicit that their goal was to get him drunk. Alternate translation: “drink wine until he gets drunk” or “get drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '32', 'cr2n', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'we will lie with him', 'To “lie with” someone is a euphemism for having sexual relations with that person. Alternate translation: “we will have sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '32', 'j57q', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'so that we may extend our father’s line', 'This speaks about giving Lot descendants as if his family were a line that they are making longer. Alternate translation: “so that we can bear children who will be our father’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '33', 'ufz5', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'lay with her father', 'This is probably a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation:”had sexual relations with her father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '33', 'r7ai', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'when she lay down', 'Possible meanings are (1) these words are literal, a complement to “when she got up,” or (2) they are a euphemism for sexual relations. Alternate translation: “when she had sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '34', 'pyk6', '', '', '0', 'Let us make him drink wine…father’s line', 'See how you translated these phrases in [Genesis 19:32](./32.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '34', 'mb9p', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'drink wine', 'It can be made explicit that their goal was to get him drunk. Alternate translation: “drink wine until he gets drunk” or “get drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '34', 'qf2v', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'so that we may extend our father’s line', 'This speaks about giving Lot descendants as if his family were a line that they are making longer. Alternate translation: “so that we can bear children who will be our father’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '35', 'hm3h', '', '', '0', 'So they made…or when she got up', 'See how you translated similar phrases in [Genesis 19:33](./33.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '35', 'l4nj', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'lay with him', 'This is probably a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation:”had sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '35', 'x62y', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'when she lay down', 'Possible meanings are (1) these words are literal, a complement to “when she got up,” or (2) they are a euphemism for sexual relations. See how these words are translated in [Genesis 19:33](../19/33.md). Alternate translation: “when she had sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '36', 'bq86', '', '', '0', 'were pregnant by their father', '“became pregnant by their father” or “conceived children with their father”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '37', 'ur5a', '', '', '0', 'He became', '“He is”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '37', 'u4u4', '', '', '0', 'the Moabites of today', '“the Moab people who are now living”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '37', 'lre9', '', '', '0', 'of today', 'The word “today” refers to the time when the author of Genesis was living. The author was born and wrote this many years after Lot’s family lived and died.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '38', 'tbc3', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Ben-Ammi', 'This is a male name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '19', '38', 'kpi7', '', '', '0', 'the people of Ammon', '“the descendants of Ammon” or “the Ammon people”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', 'intro', 'm5j1', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 20 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### “She is my sister”
Abraham was afraid the people of Gerar would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Sarah to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Abraham’s sister, they would have shown favor to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### Irony
Abraham believed that the people of Gerar did not fear Yahweh, but when confronted by Yahweh, the king showed that he feared Yahweh. Instead, it was Abraham who did not show any fear of Yahweh when he sinned. This is irony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '1', 'pym2', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Shur', 'This is a desert region on the eastern border of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '2', 'zga1', '', '', '0', 'sent for Sarah and took her', '“made his men go get Sarah and bring her to him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '3', 'v444', '', '', '0', 'God came to Abimelech', '“God appeared to Abimelech”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '3', 'tme7', '', '', '0', 'Behold', '“pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: “']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '3', 'x7kr', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'you are a dead man', 'This is a strong way of saying the king will die. Alternate translation: “you will certainly die soon” or “I will kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '3', 'l852', '', '', '0', 'a man’s wife', '“a married woman”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '4', 'cxb7', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Now…her', 'This word is used here to mark a change from the story to information about Abimelech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '4', 'nbq2', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'Abimelech had not come near her', 'This is a polite way of saying he did not have sex with her. Alternate translation: “Abimelech had not slept with Sarah” or “Abimelech had not touched Sarah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '4', 'gxv9', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'even a righteous nation', 'Here “nation” stands for the people. Abimelech is worried that God will punish not only him, but his people also. Alternate translation: “even a people who are innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '5', 'a3jr', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'Did he not himself say to me, ‘She is my sister?’ Even she herself said, ‘He is my brother.’', 'This has quotations within a quotation. They can be stated as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “Did he himself not tell me that she is his sister? Even she herself told me that he is her brother.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '5', 'c4vt', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Did he not himself say to me, ‘She is my sister?’', 'Abimelech used this rhetorical question to remind God of something God already knew. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Abraham himself told me, ‘She is my sister.’” or “Abraham said that she is his sister.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '5', 'lx3l', 'figs-rpronouns', '', '0', 'Did he not himself say…Even she herself', 'The words “he himself” and “she herself” are used for emphasis to bring attention to Abraham and Sarah and to blame them for what happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '5', 'ey19', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'I have done this in the integrity of my heart and the innocence of my hands', 'Here “heart” stands for his thoughts or intentions. Also “hands” stands for his actions. Alternate translation: “I have done this with good intentions and actions” or “I have done this with no evil thoughts or actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '6', 'b1a5', '', '', '0', 'God said to him', '“God said to Abimelech”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '6', 'r797', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'in the integrity of your heart you did this', 'Here “heart” stands for his thoughts or intentions. Alternate translation: “you did this with good intentions” or “you did this without evil intentions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '6', 'fkd2', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'to touch her', 'This is a euphemism for having sex with Sarah. Alternate translation: “to sleep with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '7', 'x37f', '', '', '0', 'the man’s wife', '“Abraham’s wife”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '7', 'e8qh', '', '', '0', 'you will live', '“I will let you live”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '7', 'nj49', '', '', '0', 'all who are yours', '“all of your people”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '8', 'egv2', '', '', '0', 'He told all these things to them', '“He told them everything that God had told him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '9', 'vne4', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'What have you done to us?', 'Abimelech used this rhetorical question to accuse Abraham. Alternate translation: “You have done something bad to us!” or “Look what you have done to us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '9', 's7b5', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'to us', 'The word “us” here is exclusive and does not include Abraham and Sarah. If your language uses an exclusive form of “we” or “us,” use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '9', 'za1f', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'How have I sinned against you, that you have brought…sin?', 'Abimelech used this rhetorical question to remind Abraham that he had not sinned against Abraham. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing against you to cause you to bring…sin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '9', 'jp85', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'that you have brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin', 'To cause someone to be guilty of sinning is spoken of as if “sin” was a thing that could be placed on a person. Alternate translation: “that you should make me and my kingdom guilty of such a terrible sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '9', 'e4jh', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'on my kingdom', 'Here “kingdom” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “on the people of my kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '9', 'x8wm', '', '', '0', 'You have done to me that which ought not to be done', '“You should not have done this to me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '10', 'qyr8', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'What prompted you to do this thing?', '“What caused you to do this?” or “Why did you do this?” What Abraham did can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Why did you tell me that Sarah is your sister?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '11', 'gvr3', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'Because I thought, ‘Surely there is no fear of God in this place, and they will kill me because of my wife.’', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Because I thought that since no one here fears God, someone may kill me so they can take my wife.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '11', 'nei7', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'no fear of God in this place', 'Here “place” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “no one here in Gerar fears God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '11', 'y87a', '', '', '0', 'fear of God', 'This means to deeply respect God and show that respect by obeying him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '12', 'p538', '', '', '0', 'Besides, she is indeed my sister', '“Also, it is true that Sarah is my sister” or “Also, Sarah really is my sister”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '12', 'ml6b', '', '', '0', 'the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother', '“we have the same father, but we have different mothers”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '13', 'ktu6', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Verse 13 is a continuation of Abraham’s answer to Abimelech.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '13', 'e2ep', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'my father’s house', 'Here “house” stands for Abraham’s family. Alternate translation: “my father and the rest of my family” or “my father’s household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '13', 'jl8s', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'I said to her, ‘You must show me this faithfulness as my wife: At every place where we go, say about me, “He is my brother.”’', 'This has quotations within quotations. They can be stated as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “I said to Sarah that I wanted her to be faithful to me by telling people everywhere we go that I am her brother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '14', 'sh8w', '', '', '0', 'Abimelech took', '“Abimelech brought some”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '15', 'd1fq', '', '', '0', 'Abimelech said', '“Abimelech said to Abraham”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '15', 'f45t', '', '', '0', 'Look', '“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '15', 'pv15', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'my land is before you', 'This is a way of saying “I make all of my land available to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '15', 'ch6w', '', '', '0', 'Settle wherever it pleases you', '“Live wherever you want”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '16', 'u7bg', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'a thousand', '“1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '16', 'tv82', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'It is to cover any offense against you in the eyes of all who are with you', 'Giving money to prove to others that Sarah is innocent is spoken of as if he is placing a cover over an offense so no one can see it. Alternate translation: “I am giving this to him, so that those who are with you will know that you have done nothing wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '16', 'gpn5', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'in the eyes', 'The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “in the opinion” or “in the judgement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '16', 'id4c', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'before everyone, you are completely made right', 'The passive phrase “made right” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone will know that you are innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '18', 'wr3n', '', '', '0', 'completely infertile', '“totally unable to have children”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '20', '18', 'z9nv', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'because of Sarah, Abraham’s wife', 'The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “because Abimelech had taken Abraham’s wife Sarah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', 'intro', 'cru4', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 21 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Sarah’s anger
After Sarah was able to have her own child, and he survived infancy, she began to get angry with Abraham’s other son, Ishmael. He would have been a constant reminder of her own sin. God blessed Ishmael, but he was not able to inherit the promises given to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])

### Abandoning Ishmael
According to the law at this time, Hagar was able to gain her freedom from slavery by abandoning any claim to receive an inheritance. This is why Hagar would have abandoned her son under the tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

### Treaty
The Gentile king, Abimelech, made a covenant or treaty with Abraham. It is possible that he did this because he recognized the power of Abraham’s God, but his exact reasons are unknown. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '1', 'f988', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Yahweh paid attention to Sarah', 'Here the phrase “paid attention to” refers to Yahweh helping Sarah have a baby. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped Sarah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '2', 'waa9', '', '', '0', 'bore a son to Abraham', '“gave birth to Abraham’s son”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '2', 'xm5n', '', '', '0', 'in his old age', '“when Abraham was very old”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '2', 'ud3d', '', '', '0', 'at the set time of which God had spoken to him', '“at the exact time that God had told him it would happen”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '3', 'gbc9', '', '', '0', 'Abraham named his son, the one who had been born to him, whom Sarah bore to him, Isaac', '“Abraham named his newborn son, the one Sarah gave birth to, Isaac” or “Abraham named their newborn son Isaac”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '4', 'wzz8', '', '', '0', 'Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old', '“When his son Isaac was eight days old, Abraham circumcised him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '4', 'g3m9', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'eight days', '“8 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '4', 'pp61', '', '', '0', 'had commanded him', '“had commanded Abraham to do”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '5', 'j1u3', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'one hundred', '“100” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '6', 'nu7q', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'God has made me laugh', 'Sarah was laughing because she was surprised and happy. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “God has caused me to laugh joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '6', 'ns7b', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'every one who hears', 'What people would hear can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “everyone who hears about what God has done for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '7', 't9ue', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children', 'This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one would have ever said to Abraham that Sarah will nurse children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '7', 'hs12', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'nurse children', 'This is a polite way of referring to breast-feeding babies. Alternate translation: “feed a baby her own milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '8', 'dp3y', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'The child grew and…Isaac was weaned', '“Wean” here is a polite way of saying the child was finished with breast feeding. Alternate translation: “Isaac grew, and when he no longer needed his mother’s milk, Abraham had a large feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '9', 'mm9v', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham', 'The name of Hagar’s son can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Ishmael, the son of Hagar the Egyptian and Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '9', 'd73k', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'mocking', 'It can be stated explicitly that he was jeering or laughing at Isaac. Alternate translation: “laughing at Isaac” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '10', 't7tn', '', '', '0', 'she said to Abraham', '“Sarah said to Abraham”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '10', 'y4le', '', '', '0', 'Drive out', '“send away” or “get rid of”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '10', 'n7ry', '', '', '0', 'this slave woman and her son', 'This refers to Hagar and Ishmael. Sarah probably did not refer to them by name because she was angry with them.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '10', 'jrm9', '', '', '0', 'with my son, with Isaac', '“with my son Isaac”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '11', 'b5qj', '', '', '0', 'This thing was very grievous to Abraham', '“Abraham was very unhappy about what Sarah said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '11', 'bb4j', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'because of his son', '“because it was about his son.” It is implied that this means his son, Ishmael. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '12', 'r6u6', '', '', '0', 'Do not be grieved because of the lad, and because of your servant woman', '“Do not be upset about the boy and your handmaid”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '12', 't2a7', '', '', '0', 'Listen to her words in all she says to you about this matter', '“Do everything that Sarah says to you about them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '12', 'wzl5', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'it is through Isaac that your descendants will be named', 'The phrase “will be named” means those born through Isaac are the ones God considers to be the descendants that he promised Abraham. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Isaac is the one who will be the forefather of the descendants I promised to give you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '13', 'k7jw', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'I will also make the son of the servant woman into a nation', 'The word “nation” means God will give him many descendants so that they become a great nation of people. Alternate translation: “I will make the servant woman’s son also become the father of a great nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '14', 'u9q1', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'took bread', 'Possible meanings are (1) this refers to food in general or (2) this refers to bread specifically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '14', 'hbx9', '', '', '0', 'a skin of water', '“a bag of water.” The water container was made out of animal skin.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '15', 'ad5u', '', '', '0', 'When the water in the waterskin was gone', '“When the water bag was empty” or “When they had drank all of the water”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '16', 'z7c3', '', '', '0', 'about the distance of a bowshot away', 'This refers to the distance that a person could shoot an arrow with a bow. This is about 100 meters.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '16', 'kuh9', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'Let me not look upon the death of the child', 'The abstract noun “death” can be stated as “die.” Alternate translation: “I do not want to watch the boy die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '16', 'i8r8', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'she lifted up her voice and wept', 'Here “voice” stands for the sound of her crying. To “life up her voice” means to cry loudly. Alternate translation: “she cried out loudly and wept” or “she wept loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '17', 'y2cd', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'the voice of the lad', '“the boy’s voice.” Here “voice” stands for the sound of the boy crying or speaking. Alternate translation: “the sound of Ishmael” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '17', 'swz4', '', '', '0', 'the angel of God', '“a messenger from God” or “God’s messenger”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '17', 'nh6r', '', '', '0', 'out of heaven', 'Here “heaven” means the place where God lives.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '17', 'usq5', '', '', '0', 'What troubles you', '“What is wrong” or “Why are you crying”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '17', 'bx2t', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'the voice of the lad where he is', 'Here “voice” stands for the sound of the boy crying or speaking. Alternate translation: “the sound of the boy lying over there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '18', 'n4hf', '', '', '0', 'raise up the lad', '“help the boy stand up”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '18', 'ifp4', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'I will make him into a great nation', 'To make Ishmael into a great nation means God will give him many descendants who will become a great nation. Alternate translation: “I will make his descendants become a great nation” or “I will make him become the ancestor of a great nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '19', 'kqh4', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'God opened her eyes, and she saw', 'God making Hagar aware of the well is spoken of as if he literally opened her eyes. Alternate translation: “God caused Hagar to see” or “God showed her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '19', 'l527', '', '', '0', 'the skin', '“the container made of skin” or “the bag”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '19', 'q3fh', '', '', '0', 'the lad', '“the boy” or “Ishmael”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '20', 'i9tw', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'God was with the lad', 'Here the phrase “was with” is an idiom that means God helped or blessed the boy. Alternate translation: “God guided the boy” or “God blessed the boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '20', 'dwr6', '', '', '0', 'became an archer', '“became very skilled at using a bow and arrows”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '21', 'nwf2', '', '', '0', 'got a wife', '“found a wife”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '22', 'd7es', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'It came about at that time', 'This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '22', 'sx3y', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Phicol', 'This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '22', 'fg4b', '', '', '0', 'captain of his army', '“commander of his army”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '22', 'j5ga', '', '', '0', 'his army', 'The word “his” refers to Abimelech.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '22', 'ed3j', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'God is with you in all that you do', 'Here the phrase “is with you” is an idiom that means God helps or blesses Abraham. Alternate translation: “God blesses everything you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '23', 's6v8', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Now therefore', 'The word “Now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. Alternate translation: “Therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '23', 'le59', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'swear to me here by God', 'This is an idiom meaning to make a solemn oath witnessed by a higher authority, in this instance, God. Alternate translation: “promise me with God as your witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '23', 'du1c', '', '', '0', 'that you will not deal falsely with me', '“that you will not lie to me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '23', 'z3n7', 'figs-doublenegatives', '', '0', 'will not deal falsely…with my descendants', 'This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will deal honestly with me and my descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '23', 's3ki', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'Show to me…covenant faithfulness that I have shown to you', 'The two men had made a covenant with each other. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful” or “loyal.” Alternate translation: “Be as faithful to me and to the land as I have been to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '23', 'cj4i', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'to the land', 'Here “land” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “to the people of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '24', 's11p', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'I swear', 'This can be stated with the understood information. Alternate translation: “I swear to be as faithful to you and your people as you have been to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '25', 'v44s', '', '', '0', 'Abraham also complained to Abimelech', 'Possible meanings are (1) Abraham was complaining about what happened or (2) “Abraham also rebuked Abimelech”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '25', 'ph9l', '', '', '0', 'concerning a well of water that Abimelech’s servants had seized from him', '“because Abimelech’s servants had taken one of Abraham’s wells”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '25', 't12g', '', '', '0', 'seized from him', '“taken from Abraham” or “had taken control of”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '26', 'i3se', '', '', '0', 'I have not heard of it until today', '“This is the first time I have heard about it”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '27', 'ruw8', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'Abraham took sheep and oxen and gave them to Abimelech', 'This is a sign of friendship and that Abraham agrees to make covenant with Abimelech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '28', 'jy7m', '', '', '0', 'Abraham set seven female lambs of the flock by themselves', '“Abraham separated seven female lambs from the flock”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '29', 'tqa1', '', '', '0', 'What is the meaning of these seven female lambs that you have set by themselves?', '“Why have you separated these seven lambs from the flock?”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '30', 't7mt', '', '', '0', 'you will receive', '“you will take”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '30', 'mf9f', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'from my hand', 'Here “hand” stands for Abraham. Alternate translation: “from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '30', 'z8ku', '', '', '0', 'it may be a witness', 'The word “it” refers to the gift of seven lambs.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '30', 'k965', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'so that it may be a witness for me', 'The abstract noun “witness” can be stated as “to prove.” Alternate translation: “to prove to everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '31', 'fs2d', '', '', '0', 'he called that place', '“Abraham called that place”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '31', 'nln8', '', '', '0', 'Beersheba', 'Translators may add a footnote saying “Beersheba can mean either “well of the oath” or “well of seven.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '31', 'uup5', '', '', '0', 'they both', '“Abraham and Abimelech”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '32', 'nu8h', '', '', '0', 'Phicol', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 21:22](../21/22.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '33', 'nb3h', 'translate-unknown', '', '0', 'a tamarisk tree', 'This is an evergreen tree that can grow in the desert. It can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: “a tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '33', 'hss3', '', '', '0', 'the eternal God', '“the God who lives forever”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '21', '34', 'q54a', '', '', '0', 'many days', '“for a long time”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', 'intro', 'eq6l', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 22 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Sacrificing his son
Although Isaac was not Abraham’s only son, he was the son who was to inherit Abraham’s promised blessings. It is possible this parallels God’s actual sacrifice of his son, Jesus, for the sins of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

### Covenant affirmation
After important events, it is common for Scripture to affirm the tenants of a covenant. This serves as a reminder of the covenant and affirms it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### God tests Abraham
Extra care should be taken when translating “testing.” It is best to avoid using the same word used for “tempting” even though they overlap in meaning. This is because Scripture also says God does not tempt anyone. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tempt]] and [James 2:13](../../jas/02/13.md))']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '1', 'v5l5', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'It came about', 'This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '1', 'l21s', '', '', '0', 'after these things', 'This phrase refers to the events in chapter 21.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '1', 'n2k1', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'God tested Abraham', 'It is implied that God tests Abraham to learn if Abraham will be faithful to him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: God tested Abraham’s faithfulness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '1', 'wmg9', '', '', '0', 'Here I am', '“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '2', 'riw5', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'your only son', 'It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “your only son whom I have promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '2', 'wi8g', '', '', '0', 'whom you love', 'This emphasizes Abraham’s love for his son, Isaac.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '2', 'f7eh', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the land of Moriah', '“the land called Moriah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '3', 't9yx', '', '', '0', 'saddled his donkey', '“loaded his donkey” or “put on his donkey what he needed for the journey”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '3', 'yed4', '', '', '0', 'young men', '“servants”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '3', 'u1yy', '', '', '0', 'set out on his journey', '“started his journey” or “started traveling”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '4', 'rp2j', 'translate-ordinal', '', '0', 'On the third day', 'The word “third” is the ordinal number for three. Alternate translation: “After traveling for three days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '4', 'wqd9', '', '', '0', 'saw the place afar off', '“saw far away the place that God had spoken of”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '5', 'n287', '', '', '0', 'young men', '“servants”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '5', 'fay2', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'We will worship', 'The word “we” refers only to Abraham and Isaac, but not to the young men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '5', 'h4ur', '', '', '0', 'come again to you', '“return to you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '6', 'hdf8', '', '', '0', 'put it on Isaac his son', '“had Isaac, his son, carry it”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '6', 'kw2g', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'He took in his own hand', 'Here “his own hand” emphasizes that Abraham himself carried these things. Alternate translation: “Abraham himself carried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '6', 'lj2s', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'the fire', 'Here “fire” stands for a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. Alternate translation: “something for starting a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '6', 'v6yy', '', '', '0', 'they went both of them together', '“they left together” or “the two of them went together”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '7', 'h248', '', '', '0', 'My father', 'This is a loving way for a son to speak to his father.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '7', 'j9ph', '', '', '0', 'Here I am', '“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?” See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '7', 'vf73', '', '', '0', 'my son', 'This is a loving way for a father to speak to his son.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '7', 'm2y2', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'the fire', 'Here “fire” stands for a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:6](../22/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '7', 'eb9g', '', '', '0', 'the lamb for the burnt offering', '“the lamb that you will give as a burnt offering”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '8', 'w7zp', 'figs-rpronouns', '', '0', 'God himself', 'Here “himself” emphasizes that it is God who will provide the lamb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '8', 'p2wc', '', '', '0', 'will provide', '“will give us”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '9', 'yn6m', '', '', '0', 'When they came to the place', '“When Abraham and Isaac arrived at the place”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '9', 'x21f', '', '', '0', 'he bound', '“he tied up”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '9', 'g9i8', '', '', '0', 'on the altar, on top of the wood', '“on top of the wood that was on the altar”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '10', 'a5eg', '', '', '0', 'reached out with his hand and took up the knife', '“picked up the knife”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '11', 'd82r', '', '', '0', 'the angel of Yahweh', 'Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or (2) this was one of Yahweh’s angels or (3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of Yahweh” using the normal word that you use for “angel.” See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '11', 'yu4c', '', '', '0', 'from heaven', 'This refers to the place where God lives.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '11', 'w9zz', '', '', '0', 'Here I am', '“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?” See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '12', 'm8d6', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Do not lay your hand upon the lad, nor do anything to harm him', 'The phrase “Do no lay your hand upon” is a way of saying “do not harm.” God said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that Abraham should not hurt Isaac. Alternate translation: “Do not hurt the boy in any way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '12', 'n4c5', '', '', '0', 'now I know…from me', 'The words “I” and “me” refer to Yahweh. When translating what is in the quote, do it as the angel of Yahweh did and use the words “I” and “me” when referring to Yahweh.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '12', 'n8sb', '', '', '0', 'you fear God', 'This refers to deeply respecting God and showing that respect by obeying him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '12', 'rcz2', '', '', '0', 'seeing that', '“because I see that”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '12', 'nh8u', 'figs-doublenegatives', '', '0', 'you have not withheld your son…from me', '“you have not held back your son…from me.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you were willing to offer your son…to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '12', 'yqd1', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'your son, your only son', 'It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 22:2](../22/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '13', 'n7b6', '', '', '0', 'behold', 'The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '13', 'qy8n', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'was a ram caught in the bushes by his horns', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “was a ram whose horns were stuck in the bushes” or “was a ram stuck in the bushes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '13', 'i7l2', '', '', '0', 'went and took the ram', '“Abraham went over to the ram and took it”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '14', 'fk9q', '', '', '0', 'will provide…will be provided', 'Use the same word for “provide” as you used in [Genesis 22:8](../22/08.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '14', 'cbx8', '', '', '0', 'to this day', '“even now.” This means even to the time that the author was writing this book.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '14', 'qmx7', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'it will be provided', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will provide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '15', 'qcn7', '', '', '0', 'The angel of Yahweh', 'Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or (2) this was one of Yahweh’s angels or (3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “The angel of Yahweh” using the normal word that you use for “angel.” See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '15', 'aa8z', 'translate-ordinal', '', '0', 'a second time', 'The word “second” is the ordinal number for two. Alternate translation: “again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '15', 'e8jz', '', '', '0', 'from heaven', 'Here the word “heaven” refers to the place where God lives.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '16', 't7gg', '', '', '0', 'said—this is Yahweh’s declaration', '“spoke this message from Yahweh” or “declared these words of Yahweh.” This is a formal way of saying that the words that follow come directly from Yahweh.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '16', 'p814', '', '', '0', 'by myself I have sworn', '“I have promised and I am my witness.” To swear means to use the name of something or someone as the basis or power on which the oath is made. There is nothing more powerful for Yahweh to swear by than himself.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '16', 'une6', '', '', '0', 'you have done this thing', '“you obeyed me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '16', 'jc1a', 'figs-doublenegatives', '', '0', 'have not withheld your son', '“have not kept back your son.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “were willing to offer your son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '16', 'pyp7', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'your son, your only son', 'It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 22:2](../22/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '17', 'rb7e', '', '', '0', 'surely bless', '“certainly bless”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '17', 'ejb4', '', '', '0', 'I will greatly multiply your descendants', '“I will cause your descendants to increase again and again” or “I will cause your descendants to be very many”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '17', 'aih1', 'figs-simile', '', '0', 'as the stars of the heavens, and as the sand which is upon the seashore', 'God compared Abraham’s descendants to the stars and the sand. Just as people cannot count the huge number of stars or the grains of sand, so there would be so many of Abraham’s descendants that people would not be able to count them. Alternate translation: “beyond what you can count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '17', 'v86r', '', '', '0', 'as the stars of the heavens', 'Here the word “heavens” refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '17', 'q7zd', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'will possess the gate of their enemies', 'Here “gate” represents the whole city. To “possess the gate of their enemies” means destroying their enemies. Alternate translation: “will completely triumph over their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '18', 'tq9d', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The angel of Yahweh continues speaking to Abraham.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '18', 'u7dd', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'all the nations of the earth will be blessed', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I, the Lord, will bless all the people living everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '18', 'bl9q', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'nations of the earth', 'Here “nations” stands for the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '18', 'i6qx', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'you have obeyed my voice', 'Here “voice” stands for what God said. Alternate translation: “you have obeyed what I said” or “you have obeyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '19', 'eb78', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Abraham returned', 'Only Abraham was named because he was the father, but it was implied that his son went with him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Abraham and his son went back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '19', 'vx4h', '', '', '0', 'young men', '“servants”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '19', 'e1ck', '', '', '0', 'they departed', '“they left that place”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '19', 'v5yw', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'he lived at Beersheba', 'Only Abraham was mentioned because he was the leader of his family and servants, but it was implied that they were with him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Abraham and his people stayed in Beersheba” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '20', 'hai9', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'It came about after these things', '“After these events.” The phrase “these things” refers to the events of Genesis 22:1-19. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '20', 'u5ru', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'Abraham was told', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone told Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '20', 'a222', '', '', '0', 'Milkah has borne children, as well', '“Milkah has also borne children”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '20', 'i8qv', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Milkah', 'This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '21', 'hd5y', '', '', '0', 'They were Uz his firstborn, Buz his brother', '“The name of his firstborn was Uz, and the names of the rest of his children were Buz his brother”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '21', 'xm6k', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Uz…Buz…Kemuel…Aram', 'These are all names of men. Translate this so that it is clear that all of these except Aram are the sons of Nahor and Milkah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '22', 'qg5a', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Kesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel', 'These are all names of men. Translate this so that it is clear that all of these are the sons of Nahor and Milkah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '23', 'h2fe', '', '', '0', 'Bethuel became the father of Rebekah', '“Later Bethel became the father of Rebekah”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '23', 'xue2', '', '', '0', 'These were the eight children that Milkah bore to Nahor, Abraham’s brother', '“These were the eight children of Milkah and Nahor, Abraham’s brother.” This refers to the children that were listed in [Genesis 22:21-22](./21.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '24', 'v3k2', '', '', '0', 'His concubine', '“Nahor’s concubine”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '24', 'td3e', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Reumah', 'This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '24', 'uvx4', '', '', '0', 'also bore', '“also gave birth to”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '22', '24', 'km7f', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah', 'These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', 'intro', 'm5kz', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 23 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Abraham’s character
Abraham’s interaction with the people show that he was greatly respected. This would have been unusual for a foreigner and indicates that Abraham was a man of great character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

### Burial
Burial was a common practice when Abraham lived, but only the wealthy were able to bury their dead relatives in this way.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '1', 'by7k', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'Sarah lived a hundred and twenty-seven years', '“Sarah lived 127 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '1', 'dq7c', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'These were the years of the life of Sarah', 'Some translations do not include this sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '2', 'bm76', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Kiriath Arba', 'This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '2', 'dik9', '', '', '0', 'Abraham mourned and wept for Sarah', '“Abraham was very sad and cried because Sarah died”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '3', 'r87x', '', '', '0', 'rose up and went from his dead wife', '“got up and left his wife’s body”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '3', 'n5za', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the sons of Heth', 'Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” or “the Hittites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '4', 'tg1d', '', '', '0', 'among you', 'This idea may be expressed in terms of location. “in your country” or “here”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '4', 'llx2', '', '', '0', 'Please grant me a property', '“Sell me some land” or “Allow me to buy a piece of land”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '4', 'ehx7', 'figs-nominaladj', '', '0', 'my dead', 'The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as an adjective or a verb. Alternate translation: “my dead wife” or “my wife who has died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '5', 'w3ln', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'The sons of Heth', 'Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “The descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '6', 's243', '', '', '0', 'my master', 'This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '6', 'z2xn', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'a prince of God', 'This is an idiom. This probably means “a powerful man” or “a mighty leader.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '6', 'l6my', 'figs-nominaladj', '', '0', 'your dead', 'The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “your wife who has died” or “your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '6', 'rh4j', '', '', '0', 'the choicest of our tombs', '“the best of our burial places”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '6', 'u2pe', '', '', '0', 'refuse you his tomb', '“withhold his burial place from you” or “refuse to give to you his tomb”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '7', 'h7w7', 'writing-symlanguage', '', '0', 'bowed down', 'This means to bend over or kneel down very low to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '7', 'yw6s', '', '', '0', 'to the people of the land, to the sons of Heth', '“to the sons of Heth who lived in the area”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '7', 'qnd5', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the sons of Heth', 'Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '8', 'z68i', 'figs-nominaladj', '', '0', 'my dead', 'The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “my wife who has died” or “my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '8', 'c9j3', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Ephron…Zohar', 'These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '9', 't978', '', '', '0', 'the cave of Machpelah, which he owns, which is at the end of his field', '“his cave that is at the end of his field in Machpelah”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '9', 'h3f7', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the cave of Machpelah', '“the cave in Machpela.” Machpela was the name of an area or region. Ephron owned a field in Machpela and the cave that was in the field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '9', 'n9as', 'figs-distinguish', '', '0', 'which he owns', 'This tells something about the cave. Ephron owned the cave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '9', 'e8mr', 'figs-distinguish', '', '0', 'which is at the end of his field', 'This also tells something about the cave. The cave was at the end of Ephron’s field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '9', 'xw6j', '', '', '0', 'sell it to me publicly', '“sell it to me in front of you all” or “sell it to me in your presence”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '9', 'h1qr', '', '', '0', 'as a property', '“as a piece of land that I may own and use”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '10', 'idb1', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Now Ephron was sitting among the sons of Heth', 'Here “Now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Ephron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '10', 'w16a', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Ephron', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8](../23/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '10', 'qat3', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the sons of Heth', 'Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '10', 'pmj4', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'in the hearing of the sons of Heth', 'The abstract noun “the hearing” can be stated as “hear” or “listening.” Alternate translation: “so that all the sons of Heth could hear him” or “while all the sons of Heth were listening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '10', 'yq1p', 'figs-distinguish', '', '0', 'all those who had come into the gate of his city', 'This tells which sons of Heth were listening. Alternate translation: “all those who had gathered at the gate of his city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '10', 'v5hh', '', '', '0', 'gate of his city', 'The city gate was where the leaders of the city would meet to make important decisions.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '10', 'juf1', '', '', '0', 'his city', '“the city where he lived.” This phrase shows that Ephron belonged to that city. It does not mean that he owned it.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '11', 't9j5', '', '', '0', 'my master', 'This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '11', 'zt96', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'in the presence of the sons of my people', 'Here “presence” stands for the people serving as witnesses. Alternate translation: “with my fellow countrymen as my witnesses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '11', 'td9w', '', '', '0', 'sons of my people', 'This means “my fellow countrymen” or “my fellow Hittites”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '11', 'zdp4', '', '', '0', 'my people', 'This phrase shows that Ephron was part of that group of people. It does not mean that he was their leader.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '11', 'eq11', '', '', '0', 'I give it to you to bury your dead', '“I give it to you. Bury your dead”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '11', 'd3q4', 'figs-nominaladj', '', '0', 'your dead', 'The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “your wife who has died” or “your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '12', 'sv7w', 'writing-symlanguage', '', '0', 'bowed himself down', 'This means to bend over or kneel down very low to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '12', 'g1ce', '', '', '0', 'people of the land', '“people who lived in that area”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '13', 's7vm', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'in the hearing of the people of the land', 'The abstract noun “the hearing” can be stated as “hear” or “listening” Alternate translation: “so that the people who lived in the area could hear” or “while the people who lived in the area were listening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '13', 'd4k3', '', '', '0', 'But if you are willing', 'The word “but” shows a contrast. Ephron wanted to give the field to Abraham; Abraham wanted to pay for it. Alternate translation: “No, but if you are willing” or “No, but if you agree with this”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '13', 't89n', '', '', '0', 'I will pay for the field', '“I will give you money for the field”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '13', 'xai6', 'figs-nominaladj', '', '0', 'my dead', 'The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “my wife who has died” or “my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '14', 'i9a7', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Ephron', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8](../23/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '15', 'a9gk', '', '', '0', 'Please, my master, listen to me', '“Hear me, my master” or “Listen to me, kind sir”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '15', 'a6wp', '', '', '0', 'my master', 'This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '15', 'v7ic', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'A piece of land worth four hundred shekels of silver, what is that between me and you?', 'Ephron meant that since he and Abraham were both so wealthy, 400 pieces of silver was a small amount. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The piece of land is worth only four hundred shekels of silver. For you and me, that is nothing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '15', 'pl1v', 'translate-bweight', '', '0', 'four hundred shekels of silver', 'This is about 4.5 kilograms of silver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '15', 'vh1v', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'four hundred', '“400” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '15', 'v5rr', 'figs-nominaladj', '', '0', 'Bury your dead', 'The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “Go bury your wife who has died” or “Go bury your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '16', 'bu12', '', '', '0', 'Abraham weighed out to Ephron the amount of silver', '“Abraham weighed the silver and gave Ephron the amount” or “Abraham counted out to Ephron the amount of silver”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '16', 'af6q', '', '', '0', 'the amount of silver that he had spoken', '“the amount of silver that Ephron had said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '16', 'k56n', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'in the hearing of the sons of Heth', 'The abstract noun “the hearing” can be stated as “hear” or “listening.” Alternate translation: “so that all the sons of Heth could hear him” or “while all the sons of Heth were listening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '16', 'n255', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the sons of Heth', 'Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '16', 'z85u', '', '', '0', 'according to the standard measurement of the merchants', '“using the standard measurement of weight that merchants used.” This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “He weighed the silver the same way that the merchants used to weigh it”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '17', 'tt9e', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Machpelah', 'Machpela was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9](../23/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '17', 'x6jb', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Mamre', 'This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '17', 'ia83', '', '', '0', 'that is, the field, the cave that was in it, and all the trees', 'This phrase explains what the author meant when he wrote “the field of Ephron.” It was not only the field, but also the cave and trees in the field.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '17', 'd6s8', '', '', '0', 'passed', '“became property that belonged”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '18', 'lsx4', '', '', '0', 'to Abraham by purchase', 'These words complete the idea that begins with the word “passed” in verse 17. “became Abraham’s possession when he purchased it” or “belonged to Abraham after he bought it”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '18', 'cr5r', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'in the presence of the sons of Heth', 'Here “presence” stands for the people serving as witnesses. Alternate translation: “with the people of Heth watching as witnesses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '18', 'n2pe', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the sons of Heth', 'Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '18', 'g8u6', 'figs-distinguish', '', '0', 'all those who had come into the gate of his city', 'This tells which sons of Heth saw Abraham buy the property. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:10](../23/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '18', 'ygu6', '', '', '0', 'gate of his city', 'The city gate was where the leaders of the city would meet to make important decisions.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '18', 'e2hk', '', '', '0', 'his city', '“the city where he lived.” This phrase shows that Ephron belonged to that city. It does not mean that he owned it.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '19', 'ekx3', '', '', '0', 'After this', '“After he bought the field”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '19', 'fv26', '', '', '0', 'the cave of the field', '“the cave in the field”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '19', 'b38v', '', '', '0', 'the field of Machpelah', '“the field in Machpelah”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '19', 'ey3f', '', '', '0', 'that is, Hebron', 'Possible meanings are (1) Mamre was another name for Hebron or (2) Hebron was formerly called Mamre or (3) Mamre was very near the larger city of Hebron, so people usually called it Hebron.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '20', 'cs4e', '', '', '0', 'passed to Abraham as a property for a burial place from the sons of Heth', '“became Abraham’s property for a burial ground when he bought it from the sons of Heth”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '23', '20', 'fx6q', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the sons of Heth', 'Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', 'intro', 't2cz', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 24 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 24:60.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Intermarriage

Abraham would not allow his son to marry anyone from the people of Canaan. This is because it would cause his son to worship other gods. Intermarriage and worshiping false gods are things that frequently caused Abraham’s descendants to struggle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])

### Abraham’s wealth

There are many instances recorded in this chapter which highlight Abraham’s significant wealth. He owned more than 10 camels and had large amounts of gold.

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “Put your hand under my thigh”

Many scholars believe this is a euphemism. Putting one’s hand on a man’s genitals was a way to make an important oath. It represented power and progeny. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '1', 'swv5', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '2', 'ebr3', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'Put your hand under my thigh', 'Abraham was about to ask the servant to swear to do something. Putting his hand under Abraham’s thigh would show that he would certainly do what he would swear to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '3', 'f2nf', 'figs-imperative', '', '0', 'I will make you swear', 'This can be expressed as a command. Alternate translation: “swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '3', 'a7dx', '', '', '0', 'swear by Yahweh', 'The term “swear by” means to use the name of something or someone as the basis or power on which the oath is made. “promise me with Yahweh as your witness”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '3', 'hip1', 'figs-merism', '', '0', 'the God of heaven and the God of the earth', '“the God of heaven and earth.” The words “heaven” and “earth” are used together to mean every thing that God created. Alternate translation: “the God of everything in heaven and earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '3', 'ren6', '', '', '0', 'heaven', 'This refers to the place where God lives.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '3', 'v2r5', '', '', '0', 'from the daughters of the Canaanites', '“from the Canaanite women” or “from the Canaanites.” This refers to Canaanite females.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '3', 'i3p4', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'among whom I make my home', '“among whom I live.” Here, “I” stands for Abraham and all of his family and servants. Alternate translation: “among whom we live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '4', 'a5wn', 'figs-imperative', '', '0', 'But you will go', 'This can be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “Swear that you will go” or “But go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '4', 's3ne', '', '', '0', 'my relatives', '“my family”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '5', 'qpu6', '', '', '0', 'What if', '“What should I do if”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '5', 'wkn5', '', '', '0', 'will not be willing to follow me', '“will not follow me” or “refuses to come back with me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '5', 'b9nk', '', '', '0', 'Must I take your son back to the land from which you came', '“Should I take you son to live in the land from which you came”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '6', 'g1bh', '', '', '0', 'Make sure that you do not take my son back there', 'The phrase “Make sure” emphasizes the command that follows. “Be careful not to take my son back there” or “You definitely must not take my son there”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '7', 'b2tf', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'who took me from my father’s house', 'Here “house” stands for the people in his family. Alternate translation: “who took me from my father and the rest of my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '7', 'rg6g', '', '', '0', 'promised me with a solemn oath', '“swore an oath to me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '7', 'ar65', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'saying, ‘To your offspring I will give this land,’', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “saying that he would give this land to my offspring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '7', 'a25j', '', '', '0', 'he will send his angel', 'The words “he” and “his” refer to Yahweh.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '8', 'w9ll', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Verse 8 is a continuation of the instructions Abraham gave his servant.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '8', 'j773', 'figs-hypo', '', '0', 'But if the woman is not willing to follow you', '“But if the woman refuses to come with you.” Abraham was answering the servant’s question from [Genesis 24:5](../24/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '8', 'q3gy', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'you will be free from this oath of mine', '“you will be released from the oath you made to me.” Not having to fulfill an oath is spoken of as if the person is free from an object to which he was bound. Alternate translation: “you will not have to do what you swore to me that you would do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '9', 'tty4', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'put his hand under the thigh of Abraham his master', 'This was to show that he would certainly do what he was swearing to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '9', 'lt8g', '', '', '0', 'swore to him', '“made an oath to him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '9', 'k6wb', '', '', '0', 'concerning this matter', '“concerning Abraham’s request” or “that he would do what Abraham said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '10', 'qz3v', '', '', '0', 'departed. He also took', 'The sentence starting with “He also took” gives additional information about what the servant took with him on the journey. He gathered them before he departed.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '10', 't2ji', '', '', '0', 'He also took with him all kinds of gifts from his master', 'This means he also took many good things that his master wanted to give to the woman’s family.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '10', 'yq2h', '', '', '0', 'departed and went', '“set out and went” or “he left and went”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '10', 'nmn4', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the city of Nahor', 'Possible meanings are (1) the city where Nahor lived” or (2) “the city called Nahor.” If you can translate it without choosing a meaning, do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '11', 'x8ge', '', '', '0', 'He made the camels kneel down', 'Camels are tall animals with long legs. He made them bend their legs and lower their bodies to the ground. “He made the camels lie down”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '11', 'c8xs', '', '', '0', 'well of water', '“water well” or “well”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '11', 'n18k', '', '', '0', 'draw water', '“get water”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '12', 'tp8i', '', '', '0', 'Then he said', '“Then the servant said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '12', 'yyj6', 'grammar-connect-words-phrases', '', '0', 'grant me success today and show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham', 'You can state this with the connecting word “by.” This makes clear how the servant wants God to show covenant faithfulness. Alternate translation: “Show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham by granting me success today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '12', 'i9ac', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'grant me success', '“give me success.” The servant wanted to find a good wife for Abraham’s son. The abstract noun “success” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “help me to succeed” or “make me able to do what I have come here to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '12', 'n4s6', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham', 'The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful.” Alternate translation: “be faithful to the covenant you have with my master Abraham” or “be faithful to my master Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '13', 'b9wq', '', '', '0', 'Look, here I am standing', '“You can see me standing here”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '13', 'y2ut', '', '', '0', 'the spring of water', '“the spring” or “the well”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '13', 'v4y7', '', '', '0', 'the daughters of the men of the city', '“the young women of the city”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '14', 'xg68', '', '', '0', 'Let it happen like this', '“Let it happen this way” or “Make this happen”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '14', 'uy2f', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'When I say to a young woman, ‘Please lower your pitcher so that I may drink,’', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. This can be expressed with an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “When I ask a young woman to let me have a drink of water from her jar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '14', 'z6kj', '', '', '0', 'Please lower your pitcher', 'The women carried the pitchers on their shoulder. She would have to lower it to give the man a drink.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '14', 'khg5', '', '', '0', 'pitcher', 'a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '14', 'je9p', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'that you have shown covenant faithfulness to my master', 'The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “been faithful.” Alternate translation: “that you have been faithful to the covenant you have with my master Abraham” or “you have been faithful to my master Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '15', 'td2g', '', '', '0', 'It came about that', 'This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '15', 'jq3w', '', '', '0', 'behold', 'The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '15', 'fm5s', '', '', '0', 'pitcher', 'This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](../24/14.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '15', 'y3qz', '', '', '0', 'Rebekah was born to Bethuel son of Milkah, the wife of Nahor, Abraham’s brother', '“Rebekah’s father was Bethuel. Bethuel’s parents were Milkah and Nahor. Nahor was Abraham’s brother”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '15', 'y6za', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Bethuel', 'Bethuel was Rebekah’s father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '15', 'y7ld', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Nahor', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated his name in [Genesis 11:22](../11/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '15', 'xmc5', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Milkah', 'Milkah was Nahor’s wife and Bethuel’s mother. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 11:29](../11/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '16', 's6tm', '', '', '0', 'She went down to the spring…and came up', 'The spring was somewhere lower in elevation than where the servant was standing.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '17', 'lng1', '', '', '0', 'to meet her', '“to meet the young woman”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '17', 'hb32', '', '', '0', 'a little drink of water', '“a little water”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '17', 'tiz4', '', '', '0', 'pitcher', 'This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](../24/14.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '18', 'dr38', '', '', '0', 'my master', '“sir.” Here the woman uses this term of respect to refer to the man, though she is not his slave.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '18', 'h8xp', '', '', '0', 'she quickly let down her pitcher on her hand', '“she quickly lowered her pitcher.” She was carrying the pitcher on her shoulder. She had to lower it to get water for the servant.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '19', 'jg5k', '', '', '0', 'I will draw water', '“I will get water”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '20', 'n27r', '', '', '0', 'So she hurried and emptied her pitcher', '“So she quickly emptied her pitcher”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '20', 'pkk9', '', '', '0', 'the trough', '“the animals’ water trough.” A trough is a long open container for holding water for animals to drink.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '21', 'ui6c', '', '', '0', 'The man', '“The servant”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '21', 'q4p6', '', '', '0', 'watched her', '“watched Rebekah” or “watched the young woman”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '21', 'b11e', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'to see', 'Learning something is often spoken of as if it were seeing. Alternate translation: “to know” or “to determine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '21', 'i3b2', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'had prospered his journey', '“had fulfilled the purpose of his journey” or “had made his journey successful.” You can make explicit what specifically the servant was trying to determine. Alternate translation: “was showing him the woman who would become Isaac’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '21', 'x4zm', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'or not', 'You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “or not prospered his journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '22', 'slf4', 'translate-bweight', '', '0', 'a gold nose ring weighing half a shekel', '“a gold nose ring that weighed six grams.” The weight indicates the value of the ring. Alternate translation: “an expensive gold nose ring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '22', 'w1h6', 'translate-bweight', '', '0', 'two gold bracelets for her arms weighing ten shekels', '“two gold bracelets for her arms that weighed 110 grams.” The weight shows their size and value. Alternate translation: “two large gold bracelets for her arms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '23', 'r4h2', '', '', '0', 'Whose daughter are you', '“Who is your father”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '23', 'e8zs', '', '', '0', 'is there room in your father’s house', '“is there a place in your father’s house”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '23', 'vu7b', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'for us', 'Apparently other men went on this journey with Abraham’s servant. Here “us” refers to the servant and those traveling with him, but not to those to whom he was speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '23', 'ij83', '', '', '0', 'to spend the night', '“to stay tonight” or “to stay for the night”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '24', 'qx3y', '', '', '0', 'She said', '“Rebekah said” or “the young woman said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '24', 'h5cc', '', '', '0', 'to him', '“to the servant”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '24', 'tu27', '', '', '0', 'I am the daughter of Bethuel son of Milkah, whom she bore to Nahor', '“Bethuel is my father, and his parents are Milkah and Nahor”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '25', 'ki2b', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'We have plenty of both straw and feed', 'It is understood that the straw and feed are for the camels. You can make clear this understood information. Alternate translation: “We have plenty of straw and feed for the camels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '25', 'g1si', '', '', '0', 'for you to spend the night', '“for you to stay tonight” or “where you can stay for the night”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '25', 'j8dw', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'for you', 'Here “you” refers to the servant and those traveling with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '26', 'wj5p', '', '', '0', 'the man', '“the servant”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '26', 'rf3n', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'bowed down', 'This is a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '27', 'pf99', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'has not forsaken his covenant faithfulness and his trustworthiness toward my master', '“has not stopped showing his covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness to my master.” The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “to be faithful and trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “has not stopped being faithful to his covenant and trustworthy toward my master” or “has not stopped being faithful and trustworthy to my master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '27', 'eme3', 'figs-litotes', '', '0', 'has not forsaken', 'This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “continues to show” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '27', 'xfl3', '', '', '0', 'my master’s relatives', '“my master’s family” or “my master’s clan”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '28', 's6bc', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'ran and told her mother’s household', 'Here “household” stands for all the people living in her mother’s house. Alternate translation: “ran to the house and told her mother and everyone there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '28', 'xw7q', '', '', '0', 'all of these things', '“everything that had just happened”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '29', 'yd93', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Now', 'This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about Rebekah. The author introduces her brother, Laban, to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '30', 'n1zt', 'figs-events', '', '0', 'When he had seen the nose ring…and when he had heard the words of Rebekah his sister', 'These things happened before he ran out to the man. This tells why Laban ran out to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '30', 'si84', 'figs-quotations', '', '0', 'when he had heard the words of Rebekah his sister, “This is what the man said to me,”', 'This can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “when he had heard his sister Rebekah tell what the man had said to her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '30', 'qav2', '', '', '0', 'behold, he', 'The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. “it was just as she had said: he”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '31', 'w2vg', '', '', '0', 'Come, you', '“Come in, you” or “Enter, you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '31', 'rud7', '', '', '0', 'you blessed of Yahweh', '“you whom Yahweh has blessed”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '31', 'tn1r', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'you', 'Here the word “you” refers to Abraham’s servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '31', 'gk45', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Why are you standing outside?', 'Laban used this question to invite Abraham’s servant into his house. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to stay outside.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '32', 'n6xf', 'figs-go', '', '0', 'So the man came to the house', 'The word “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '32', 'h7z7', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'he unloaded the camels', 'It is not clear who did this work. This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Laban’s servants unloaded the camels” or “the camels were unloaded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '32', 'hhx8', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'The camels were given straw and feed, and water was provided', 'This does not say who did the work. If you state this in active form use “Laban’s servants” as the subject. Alternate translation: “Laban’s servants gave straw and feed to the camels, and they provided water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '32', 'jti6', '', '', '0', 'to wash his feet…him', '“for Abraham’s servant and the men who were with him to wash their feet”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '33', 'x4b4', '', '', '0', 'They set', 'Here, the word “they” refers to Laban’s family members or to the household servants.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '33', 'th5z', '', '', '0', 'set food before him', '“gave food to the servant”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '33', 'd4p6', '', '', '0', 'said what I have to say', '“spoken my words” or “told you why I am here”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '35', 'x58h', '', '', '0', 'he has become great', 'Here the word “he” refers to Abraham.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '35', 'w53i', '', '', '0', 'become great', '“become very wealthy”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '35', 'ff88', '', '', '0', 'He has given', 'The word “he” refers to Yahweh.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '36', 'l6kq', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '36', 'em4l', '', '', '0', 'bore a son to my master', '“gave birth to a son”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '36', 'sw5h', '', '', '0', 'he has given…to him', '“my master has given…to his son”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '37', 'bu75', '', '', '0', 'My master made me swear, saying', '“My master made me swear that I would do what he told me to do. He said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '37', 'gr54', '', '', '0', 'from the daughters of the Canaanites', 'This refers to Canaanite females. Alternate translation: “from the Canaanite women” or “from the Canaanites”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '37', 'nd18', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'in whose land I make my home', '“among whom I live.” Here, “I” stands for Abraham and all of his family and servants. Alternate translation: “among whom we live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '38', 'ye3t', '', '', '0', 'to my relatives', '“to my own clan”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '39', 'pgj8', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '39', 'xvk8', 'figs-hypo', '', '0', 'Perhaps the woman will not follow me.', 'This is something that could possibly happen. Alternate translation: “What if the woman will not come back with me?” or “What should I do if the woman will not come back with me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '40', 'mp4m', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'before whom I walk', 'Serving Yahweh is spoken of as if Abraham were walking in Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “whom I serve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '40', 'uj9t', '', '', '0', 'he will prosper your way', '“he will make your journey successful”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '40', 'f64z', '', '', '0', 'family line', '“family”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '41', 'x3ph', 'figs-hypo', '', '0', 'But you will be free from my oath if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you. Then you will be free from my oath', 'This is a hypothetical situation that Abraham did not think was likely to happen. Possible meanings are (1) “There is only one way for you to be free from my oath: if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you, then you will be free from my oath” or, (2) building on verse 40, “If you go to my father’s family and ask for a girl, you will have done what I told you to do. If they will not give her to you, then you will be free from the oath you swore to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '41', 'ijt4', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'you will be free from my oath', '“you will be released from the oath you made to me.” Not having to fulfill an oath is spoken of as if the person is free from an object to which he was bound. Alternate translation: “you will not have to do what you swore to me that you would do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '41', 'wll8', 'figs-go', '', '0', 'if you come to my relatives', 'Languages use the words come and go differently. Alternate translation: “if you arrive at my relatives’ home” or “if you go to my relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '42', 't1j2', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '42', 'm7ps', '', '', '0', 'the spring', '“the well”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '43', 'ey1m', '', '', '0', 'let the young woman who comes…the woman to whom I say', 'The servant goes back to stating his request. These are the first two things he has to say about the woman whom he hopes will come.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '43', 'ru4z', '', '', '0', 'to draw water', '“to get water”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '43', 'ays7', '', '', '0', 'pitcher', 'This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](../24/14.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '44', 'k1f8', '', '', '0', 'the woman who says to me, “Drink…camels”', 'The thought that begins with the words “let the young woman who comes” in verse 43 ends here. This is the third of the three things the servant has to say about the woman whom he hopes will come.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '44', 't41f', '', '', '0', 'let her be the woman', 'The servant finishes his request.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '45', 'jux7', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '45', 'w249', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'speaking in my heart', 'To pray silently in one’s mind is spoken of as if he were speaking in his heart. The word “heart” refers to his thoughts and his mind. Alternate translation: “praying” or “praying quietly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '45', 's82z', '', '', '0', 'behold, Rebekah came', '“suddenly Rebekah came” or “I was surprised because I saw Rebekah coming”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '45', 's4y4', '', '', '0', 'pitcher', 'This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:14](../24/14.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '45', 'v94w', '', '', '0', 'she went down to the spring', 'The phrase “went down” is used because the spring was somewhere lower than where the servant was standing.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '45', 'r9da', '', '', '0', 'spring', 'opening in the ground from which fresh water comes']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '46', 'kvw1', '', '', '0', 'watered the camels', '“gave water to the camels”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '47', 'q3rt', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '47', 'wg1u', '', '', '0', 'The daughter of Bethuel, Nahor’s son, whom Milkah bore to him', '“My father is Bethuel. His parents are Nahor and Milkah”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '47', 'xxd2', '', '', '0', 'ring…bracelets', 'In this story, all of these items were made of gold. See how you translated these in [Genesis 24:22](../24/22.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '48', 'e8rq', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'I bowed down', 'This is a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '48', 'h58h', '', '', '0', 'led me by the right way', '“brought me here”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '48', 'zhy2', 'grammar-connect-words-phrases', '', '0', 'who had led me', 'The connecting word “because” can be used to show this is why the servant worshiped God. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh led me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '48', 'p249', '', '', '0', 'my master’s relative', 'This refers to Bethuel, the son of Abraham’s brother Nahor.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '49', 'v7x5', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '49', 'u6eh', '', '', '0', 'Now therefore', '“Now.” Here “Now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '49', 'yac9', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'if you are prepared to show covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness to my master, tell me', 'How they could show the covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “tell me if you will be faithful and trustworthy to my master by giving Rebekah to be his son’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '49', 'q5fw', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'you', 'The word “you” refers to Laban and Bethuel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '49', 'bf6u', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'faithfulness and trustworthiness', 'These abstract nouns can be stated as “faithful and trustworthy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '49', 'r8l1', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'But if not', 'The understood information can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “But if you are not prepared to treat my master with family faithfulness and trustworthiness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '49', 'yjd9', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'so that I may turn to the right hand or to the left', 'Possible meanings are (1) deciding what to do is spoken of as if the person will physically turn one direction or another. Alternate translation: “so that I will know what do” or (2) the servant wants to know if he needs to travel somewhere else. Alternate translation: “so that I may continue on my journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '50', 'jew5', '', '', '0', 'Bethuel', 'This was the father of Laban and Rebekah.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '50', 'x54j', '', '', '0', 'The thing has come from Yahweh', '“Yahweh has caused all of this to happen”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '50', 'e21v', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'we cannot speak to you either bad or good', 'They are saying they do not have the authority to decide whether what God has done is good or bad. Alternate translation: “we dare not judge what Yahweh is doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '51', 'y3tx', '', '', '0', 'Look, Rebekah is', '“You can see Rebekah here”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '51', 'zkd6', '', '', '0', 'Rebekah is before you', '“Here is Rebekah”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '52', 'f6nn', '', '', '0', 'their words', '“what Laban and Bethuel said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '52', 's5s4', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'he bowed himself down', 'Bowing down before God is an expression of worship to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '53', 'c4x7', '', '', '0', 'articles of silver and articles of gold', '“silver and gold items” or “things made of silver and gold”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '53', 'yqa2', '', '', '0', 'precious gifts', '“expensive gifts” or “valuable gifts”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '54', 'w8v9', '', '', '0', 'he and the men who were with him', '“Abraham’s servant and his men”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '54', 'ssz6', '', '', '0', 'stayed there overnight', '“slept there that night”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '54', 'v8m5', '', '', '0', 'arose in the morning', '“got up the next morning”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '54', 'fw75', '', '', '0', 'Send me away', '“Let me leave and return”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '55', 'a6ia', '', '', '0', 'a few more days, at least ten', '“at least ten more days”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '55', 'ce7w', '', '', '0', 'After that', '“Then”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '56', 'pr3s', '', '', '0', 'he said', '“Abraham’s servant said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '56', 'sl94', '', '', '0', 'to them', '“to Rebekah’s brother and mother”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '56', 'dav8', '', '', '0', 'Do not hinder me', '“Do not delay me” or “Do not make me wait”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '56', 'jnv7', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Yahweh has prospered my way', 'Here “way” stands for a journey. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has caused me to succeed in the purpose my journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '56', 'g87g', '', '', '0', 'Send me on my way', '“Allow me to leave”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '59', 'qez3', '', '', '0', 'So they sent their sister Rebekah', '“So the family sent Rebekah”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '59', 'e462', '', '', '0', 'their sister', 'Rebekah was Laban’s sister. Alternate translation: “their relative” or “Laban’s sister”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '59', 'uvk2', '', '', '0', 'her female servant', 'This refers to the female servant who had fed Rebekah when she was a baby, cared for her when she was a child, and still served her.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '60', 'ck3m', '', '', '0', 'Our sister', 'Rebekah was not the sister to everyone in her family. But they called her this to show that they loved her. Alternate translation: “Our dear Rebekah”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '60', 'lz94', '', '', '0', 'may you be the mother of thousands of ten thousands', 'Here “mother” stands for ancestor. Alternate translation: “may you be the ancestor of millions of people” or “may you have very many descendants”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '60', 'k4au', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'thousands of ten thousands', 'This means a very large number or an uncountable number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '60', 'lj6f', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'may your descendants possess the gate of those who hate them', 'Armies would break through the gate of their enemies’ cities and conquer the people. Alternate translation: “may your descendants completely defeat those who hate them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '61', 'm2sa', '', '', '0', 'Then Rebekah arose, and she and her servant girls mounted the camels', '“Then Rebekah and her servant girls went and got on the camels”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '61', 's54m', '', '', '0', 'Thus the servant took Rebekah, and went his way', '“In this way Abraham’s servant took Rebekah with him and returned to where he had come from”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '62', 'de8g', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'This word marks a change in the story. It was telling about the servant finding a wife, and now it will tell about Isaac.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '62', 'a6ll', '', '', '0', 'Beer Lahai Roi', 'This is the name of a water well in the Negev. See how you translated it in [Genesis 16:14](../16/14.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '63', 'l5s8', '', '', '0', 'Isaac went out to meditate in the field in the evening', '“One evening Isaac went out to the field to think.” This must have been a long time after the servant and Rebekah left her home since they had to travel a long distance.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '63', 'r5zl', '', '', '0', 'When he looked up and saw, behold, there were camels coming!', 'The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. “When he looked up he was surprised to see camels coming”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '64', 'ct8r', '', '', '0', 'Rebekah looked', '“Rebekah looked up”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '64', 'xm2p', '', '', '0', 'she jumped down from the camel', '“she quickly got off the camel”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '65', 'ai22', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'So she took her veil, and covered herself', '“So she covered her face with her veil.” This is a sign of respect and modesty towards the man she will marry. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '65', 'x2me', '', '', '0', 'veil', 'a piece of cloth used to cover a person’s head, shoulders and face']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '67', 'c5ut', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'took Rebekah, and she became his wife', 'Both of these phrases mean that Isaac married Rebekah. Alternate translation: “married Rebekah” or “took her as his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '24', '67', 'h9zw', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'So Isaac was comforted', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So Rebekah comforted Isaac” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', 'intro', 'ig86', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 25 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 25:23.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Polygamy
Abraham married another wife. This was sinful of him. Many other Hebrew leaders came to marry multiple wives. This is known as “polygamy.” It has never been an acceptable practice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

### Inheritance
In the ancient Near East, inheritance was passed on through the eldest son. Even though Esau and Jacob were twins, it is very important that Esau was born first. It was his birthright to receive his inheritance, but he foolishly gave it up. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/birthright]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### God fulfill’s his promise
God begins to fulfill the promise he gave to Abraham about making his descendants numerous. Many of these children through his concubines would become large people groups. This may not be easy to understand without the remainder of the Old Testament and the history it records. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '1', 'cu8t', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]].']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '4', 'rx7z', '', '', '0', 'All these', 'This refers to the people named in verses 2-4.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '5', 'l5pw', '', '', '0', 'Abraham gave all that he owned to Isaac', '“Isaac inherited all that Abraham owned.” It was normal for the father to divide his wealth when he was old and not leave that for others to do after he died.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '7', 'wx9m', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'These were the days of the years of Abraham’s life which he lived, 175 years', '“These were…he lived, one hundred and seventy-five years.” Abraham lived 175 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '8', 'p4ht', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'Abraham breathed his last and died', '“Abraham took his last breath and died.” The phrases “breathed his last” and “died” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Abraham died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '8', 'ej3k', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'breathed his last', 'This is a polite way of saying a person died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '8', 'g4ax', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'at a good old age, an old man with a full life', 'These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Abraham lived a very long time. Alternate translation: “when he had lived a very long time and was very old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '8', 'yns7', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'an old man with a full life', 'Living a long life is spoken of as if life were a container that becomes full. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '8', 'x8xg', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'he was gathered to his people', 'This means that after Abraham died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he joined his family members who had already died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '9', 'mwj2', '', '', '0', 'the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron', 'Ephron owned a field in Machpelah and the cave that was in that field. Abraham bought the field from Ephron.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '9', 'q9gq', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Machpelah', 'Machpelah was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9](../23/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '9', 'cy2d', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Ephron…Zohar', 'These are names of men. See how you translated these men’s names in [Genesis 23:8](../23/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '9', 's1d5', '', '', '0', 'which is near Mamre', 'Machpela was near Mamre.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '9', 'k9tk', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Mamre', 'This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this place name in [Genesis 23:17](../23/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '10', 'sbt9', '', '', '0', 'This field Abraham had bought', '“Abraham had bought this field”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '10', 'f1i4', '', '', '0', 'sons of Heth', '“the descendants of Heth” or “the Hittites.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:5](../23/05.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '10', 'd9zw', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'Abraham was buried', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They buried Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '11', 'qdt2', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Beer Lahai Roi', 'This name means “the well of the living one who sees me.” See how you translated this place name in [Genesis 16:14](../16/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '12', 'uwb2', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story and information about Ishmael.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '13', 'gn6t', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]].']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '16', 'xgd3', '', '', '0', 'These were Ishmael’s sons, and these were their names, by their villages, and by their encampments; twelve princes according to their tribes', 'This can be stated as two sentences. “These were the names of Ishmael’s twelve sons. They led tribes that were named after them, and they each had their own villages and campsites”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '16', 'e5ag', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'twelve', '“12” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '16', 'iy7y', '', '', '0', 'princes', 'Here the word “princes” means that the men were leaders or rules of the tribes; it does not mean that they were the sons of a king.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '17', 'nem6', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'These were the years of the life of Ishmael, 137 years', '“These were…Ishmael, one hundred and thirty-seven years.” Ishmael lived 137 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '17', 's1vq', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'breathed his last and died', 'The terms “breathed his last” and “died” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '17', 'p7dl', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'was gathered to his people', 'This means that after Ishmael died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he joined his family members who had already died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '18', 'q1vv', '', '', '0', 'They lived', '“His descendants settled”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '18', 'z9aa', '', '', '0', 'from Havilah to Ashhur', '“between Havilah and Ashhur”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '18', 'pk2r', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Havilah', 'Havilah was located somewhere in the Arabian Desert. See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '18', 'ev35', '', '', '0', 'as one goes toward', '“in the direction of”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '18', 'p8m3', '', '', '0', 'They lived in hostility with each other', 'Possible meanings are (1) “they did not live in peace together,” or (2) “they lived away from their other relatives.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '19', 't67i', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'These were the events concerning Isaac, Abraham’s son', 'This sentence introduces the account of Isaac’s descendants in Genesis 25:19-35:29. Alternate translation: “This is the account of the descendants of Isaac, Abraham’s son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '20', 'gih8', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'forty years old', '“40 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '20', 'g4lq', '', '', '0', 'when he took as his wife Rebekah', '“when he married Rebekah”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '20', 'xn63', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Bethuel', 'Bethuel was Rebekah’s father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '20', 'dft3', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Paddan Aram', 'This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '21', 'wr2b', '', '', '0', 'she was childless', '“she was unable to become pregnant”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '21', 'zn2s', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Rebekah his wife conceived', 'It can be made explicit that Rebekah was pregnant with two babies at the same time: “Rebekah, his wife, became pregnant with twins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '22', 'as86', '', '', '0', 'The children struggled together within her', '“the babies inside her kept bumping against each other” or “The babies pushed against each other within her”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '22', 'gza2', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'The children…within her', 'Rebekah was pregnant with twins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '22', 'u1xs', '', '', '0', 'She went to ask Yahweh about this', '“She went and asked Yahweh about this.” It is not clear where she went. She may have gone somewhere private to pray, or she may have gone somewhere to offer a sacrifice.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '23', 'y9m7', '', '', '0', 'said to her', '“said to Rebekah”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '23', 'm836', 'writing-poetry', '', '0', 'Two nations…serve the younger', 'This is poetic language. If your language has a way to indicate poetry, you could use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '23', 's1wf', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Two nations are in your womb', 'Here “two nations” stands for the two children. Each child will be the father of a nation. Alternate translation: “Two nations will come from the twins within you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '23', 'lxl5', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'two peoples will be separated from within you', 'Here “two peoples” stands for the two children. Each child will be the father of a people. This can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: “when you give birth to these two children they will be rivals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '23', 'pgz5', '', '', '0', 'the older will serve the younger', 'Possible meanings are (1) “the older son will serve the younger son” or (2) “the descendants of the older son will serve the descendants of the younger son.” If possible, translate it so that people could understand either meaning.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '24', 'urq6', '', '', '0', 'behold, there', '“she was surprised to learn that there”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '25', 'wyy1', 'figs-simile', '', '0', 'red all over like a hairy garment', 'Possible meanings are (1) his skin was red and he had a lot of hair on his body or (2) he had a lot of red hair on his body. Alternate translation: “red and hairy like a garment made of animal hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '25', 'p7lj', '', '', '0', 'Esau', 'Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Esau sounds like the word ‘hairy.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '26', 'u57z', '', '', '0', 'grasping Esau’s heel', '“holding the back part of Esau’s foot”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '26', 'gls8', '', '', '0', 'Jacob', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Jacob means ‘he grasps the heel.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '26', 'i7ic', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'sixty years old', '“60 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '27', 'a46v', '', '', '0', 'became a skillful hunter', '“became good at hunting and killing animals for food”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '27', 'ee9p', '', '', '0', 'a quiet man', '“a peaceful man” or “a less active man”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '27', 'n923', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'who spent his time in the tents', 'This speaks about time as if it were a commodity that someone could spend. Alternate translation: “who remained in the tents much of the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '28', 't4i8', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Now', 'This word is used to mark a change in focus, shifting from the story to background information about Isaac and Rebekah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '28', 'yr46', '', '', '0', 'Isaac loved', 'Here the word “loved” means “favored” or “preferred.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '28', 'm6rw', '', '', '0', 'because he ate the animals that he had hunted', '“because he ate the animals that Esau had hunted” or “because he enjoyed eating the wild animal meat that Esau caught”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '29', 'z5en', '', '', '0', 'Jacob cooked', 'Since this is the beginning of a story about something that happened one time, some translators may want to start it with a phrase like “One day, Jacob cooked” in a similar manner to the UST.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '29', 'n13g', '', '', '0', 'cooked some stew', '“boiled some food” or “cooked some soup.” This stew was made of boiled lentils ([Genesis 25:34](../25/34.md)).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '29', 'ms24', '', '', '0', 'he was weak from hunger', '“he was weak because he was very hungry” or “he was very hungry”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '30', 'se91', '', '', '0', 'I am exhausted', '“I am weak from hunger” or “I am very hungry”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '30', 'x1uk', '', '', '0', 'Edom', 'Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Edom means ‘red.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '31', 'nk7u', '', '', '0', 'birthright', 'right as firstborn to inherit most of the father’s wealth']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '32', 'efr4', 'figs-hyperbole', '', '0', 'I am about to die', 'Esau was exaggerating to emphasize how hungry he was. Alternate translation: “I am so hungry I feel like I could die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '32', 'h8jv', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'What good is the birthright to me?', 'Esau used a question to emphasize that eating was more important than a birthright. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My inheritance is no good to me if I die of hunger!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '33', 'b4qn', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'First swear to me', 'What Jacob wanted Esau to swear can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “First swear to me that you will sell me your birthright” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '34', 'v7ff', 'translate-unknown', '', '0', 'lentils', 'These are like beans, but their seeds are very small, round, and somewhat flat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '25', '34', 'r6tg', '', '', '0', 'Esau despised his birthright', '“Esau showed that he did not value his birthright”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', 'intro', 'cwz4', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 26 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Trust
When things in the land were bad, Isaac did not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he ran to the safety of Egypt. Even when Abraham’s descendants did not trust in Yahweh’s faithfulness to fulfill his covenant, Yahweh remained faithful to his covenant and blessed Isaac. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])

### Wells
In the ancient Near East, wells were very important strategically. Therefore, they were a sign of power and a sign of God’s blessing being upon Isaac.

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “She is my sister”
Isaac was afraid the Egyptians would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Rebekah to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Isaac’s sister, they would have shown favor to him. This is the same thing his father, Abraham, did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '1', 'n54s', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'This word is used here to mark a new part of the story.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '1', 'vwi7', '', '', '0', 'a famine happened', '“there was a famine” or “there was another famine”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '1', 'ags3', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'in the land', 'You can state explicitly the land to which this refers. Alternate translation: “in the land where Isaac and his family lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '1', 'a6wl', '', '', '0', 'that had been in the days of Abraham', '“that had happened during Abraham’s life” or “that had happened while Abraham was alive”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '2', 'p1xe', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Yahweh begins to speak to Isaac.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '2', 't4aj', '', '', '0', 'appeared to him', '“appeared to Isaac”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '2', 'mqf3', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Do not go down to Egypt', 'It was common to speak of leaving the promised land as “going down” to another place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '3', 'v9hh', '', '', '0', 'for to you and to your descendants, I will give all these lands', '“for I will give all these lands to you and your descendants”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '3', 'ekq9', '', '', '0', 'I will fulfill the oath that I swore to Abraham your father', '“I will do what I promised Abraham your father I would do”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '4', 'tu5b', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Yahweh continues speaking to Isaac.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '4', 'y44e', '', '', '0', 'I will multiply your descendants', '“I will cause you to have very many descendants.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '4', 'k6jq', 'figs-simile', '', '0', 'like the stars of heaven', 'This speaks about the number of Isaac’s descendants as if they were the same as the number of stars. See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:17](../22/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '4', 'jm8x', '', '', '0', 'heaven', 'This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '4', 'hpl9', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'all the nations of the earth will be blessed', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will bless all the nations of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '5', 'nr7e', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'Abraham obeyed my voice and kept my instructions, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws', 'The phrases “obeyed my voice” and “kept my instructions, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Abraham obeyed me and did everything I commanded him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '5', 'brk9', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'obeyed my voice', 'Here “voice” stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “obeyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '6', 'wr4q', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'So Isaac settled in Gerar', 'Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader of the family, but his whole family was with him. Alternate translation: “So Isaac and his family settled in Gerar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '7', 'rr88', '', '', '0', 'He feared to say', 'Here “fear” refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others. “He was afraid to say”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '7', 'j128', '', '', '0', 'to get Rebekah', '“in order to take Rebekah”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '8', 'z63l', '', '', '0', 'He saw, behold, Isaac', 'The word “behold” shows that what Abimelech saw surprised him. Alternate translation: “And he was surprised to see that Isaac”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '8', 'i16v', '', '', '0', 'was caressing Rebekah', 'Possible meanings are (1) he was touching her the way a husband touches his wife or (2) he was laughing and talking with her the way a husband talks with his wife.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '9', 'hv6m', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Abimelech called Isaac to him', 'Abimelech probably sent someone to tell Isaac that Abimelech wanted to see him. Alternate translation: “Abimelech sent someone to bring Isaac to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '9', 'aeb1', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'Why did you say, ‘She is my sister’?', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Why did you say that she is your sister?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '9', 'm9n4', '', '', '0', 'to get her', '“so he could take her”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '10', 't2ul', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'What is this you have done to us?', 'Abimelech used this question to scold Isaac. Alternate translation: “You should not have done this to us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '10', 's759', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'might easily have lain with your wife', 'The word “lain” here is a euphemism for “had sexual relations.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '10', 't1mu', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'you would have brought guilt upon us', 'This speaks about causing someone to be guilty as if “guilt” were an object that is placed on someone. Alternate translation: “you would have caused us to be guilty of taking a man’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '10', 'l5d1', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'upon us', 'Here “us” refers to Abimelech and his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '11', 'ztx1', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Whoever touches this man', 'Here “touches” means to touch in a harmful way. Alternate translation: “Whoever harms this man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '11', 'fk2l', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'will surely be put to death', 'Abimelech may have intended to tell someone to kill anyone who might harm Isaac or Rebekah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will put him to death” or “I will order my men to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '12', 'tl8n', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'This begins a new part of the story. It changes from telling about Isaac calling Rebekah his sister, and it starts to tell about how Isaac became very rich and the Philistines were jealous of him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '12', 'f6x6', '', '', '0', 'in that land', '“in Gerar”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '12', 'd294', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'a hundredfold', 'This means “one hundred times as much as he planted.” It can be translated more generally as “a very large crop.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '13', 'i68k', '', '', '0', 'The man became rich', '“Isaac became rich” or “He became rich”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '13', 'p5mh', '', '', '0', 'grew more and more until he became very great', '“he gained more and more until he became very wealthy”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '14', 'jv6c', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'sheep', 'This may also include goats. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '14', 'h37m', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'a large household', 'Here “household” stands for workers or servants. Alternate translation: “many servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '14', 'f17g', '', '', '0', 'The Philistines envied him', '“The Philistines were jealous of him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '15', 'rue9', 'grammar-connect-words-phrases', '', '0', 'Now', 'Here this word does not mean “at this moment.” It is indicating where the action in the story begins. It can be translated with the connecting word “So” to show that this is a result of what happened in [Genesis 26:12-14](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '15', 'xy1c', '', '', '0', 'in the days of Abraham his father', 'The phrase “in the days of” stands for a person’s lifetime. Alternate translation: “when Abraham, his father, was living” or “during his father Abraham’s lifetime”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '16', 'f5ia', 'grammar-connect-words-phrases', '', '0', 'Abimelech said', 'Possible meanings are (1) this is another action to force Isaac and his people to leave. Alternate translation: “Then Abimelech said” or “Finally Abimelech said” or (2) Abimelech made this decision because he saw that his people were jealous and acting in a hostile way towards Isaac. Alternate translation: “Therefore Abimelech said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '16', 'e8vy', '', '', '0', 'much mightier than we', '“much stronger than we are”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '17', 'tz3u', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'So Isaac departed', 'Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader, but his family and servants went with him. Alternate translation: “So Isaac and his household left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '18', 'r15b', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'Isaac dug out', 'Here “Isaac” stands for Isaac and his servants. Alternate translation: “Isaac and his servants dug out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '18', 'hly9', '', '', '0', 'which they had dug', '“which Abraham’s servants had dug”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '18', 'c6vy', '', '', '0', 'in the days of Abraham his father', '“during his father Abraham’s lifetime” or “when Abraham, his father, was living”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '18', 'sn3p', 'figs-events', '', '0', 'The Philistines had stopped them up', 'This was the reason that Isaac dug them out. Possible ways to translate this are: (1) Since this happened first, this sentence can come before the sentence about Isaac digging them out, as in the UST. or (2) This sentence can start with “Isaac did this because the Philistines had stopped them up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '18', 'jfl7', '', '', '0', 'had stopped them up', '“had filled them with earth”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '19', 'b9ic', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'flowing water', 'This phrase refers to a natural spring they uncovered when they were digging a new well. It provided a continuous flow of fresh drinking water. Alternate translation: “fresh water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '20', 'm6un', '', '', '0', 'herdsmen', 'men who tended livestock']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '20', 'ls3b', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'This water is ours', 'Here “ours” refers to the herdsmen of Gerar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '20', 'nw21', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Esek', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Esek means ‘quarrel’ or ‘argue.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '21', 'kan5', '', '', '0', 'Then they dug', '“Then Isaac’s servants dug”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '21', 't12r', '', '', '0', 'they quarreled', '“the herdsmen of Gerar argued with Isaac’s herdsmen”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '21', 'ss3i', '', '', '0', 'so he gave it', '“so Isaac gave it”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '21', 'ny83', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Sitnah', 'Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Sitnah means ‘oppose’ or ‘accuse.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '22', 'gd8u', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Rehoboth', 'Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Rehoboth means ‘make room for’ or ‘empty place.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '22', 'kj55', '', '', '0', 'us…we', 'Isaac was speaking about himself and his household.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '23', 'ct3x', '', '', '0', 'Isaac went up from there to Beersheba', 'Here “went up” is probably a reference to going north. Say that he departed in the most natural way for your language. Alternate translation: “Isaac left there and went to Beersheba”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '24', 'sq69', '', '', '0', 'multiply your descendants', '“will cause your descendants to increase greatly” or “will cause your descendants to be very many”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '24', 'j1jd', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'for my servant Abraham’s sake', '“for my servant Abraham” or you can make the full meaning explicit. Alternate translation: “because I promised my servant Abraham that I would do this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '25', 'g525', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Isaac built an altar there', 'You can make explicit why Isaac built an altar. Alternate translation: “Isaac built an altar there to sacrifice to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '25', 'pam6', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'called on the name of Yahweh', 'To “call on” means to pray or to worship. Here “name” stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh” or “worshiped Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '26', 'k6ep', '', '', '0', 'went to him', '“went to Isaac”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '26', 'ls17', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Ahuzzath', 'This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '26', 'lca7', '', '', '0', 'his friend', 'Possible meanings are (1) “Abimelech’s friend” or (2) “Abimelech’s advisor.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '26', 'mcz9', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Phicol', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated his name in [Genesis 21:22](../21/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '28', 'pw9y', '', '', '0', 'they said', 'This refers to Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. One of them spoke and the other two agreed with what he said. It does not mean they all spoke at the same time. Alternate translation: “one of them said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '28', 'pt6d', '', '', '0', 'We have clearly seen', '“We know” or “We are certain”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '28', 'wg9d', '', '', '0', 'So let us make a covenant', '“So we want to make a covenant”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '29', 'b7sa', '', '', '0', 'and as we have treated you well', 'This can also be translated as the beginning of a new sentence. “We have done only good to you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '29', 'qgj3', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'you are blessed by Yahweh', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has blessed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '30', 'ur1a', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Isaac made a feast for them, and they ate and drank', 'Eating a meal together was a part of making a covenant with one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '30', 'wvz4', '', '', '0', 'for them', 'Here “them” refers to “Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '30', 'rb7d', '', '', '0', 'they ate', 'Here “they” refers to Isaac, Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. Alternate translation: “they all ate”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '31', 'bpu3', '', '', '0', 'They rose early', '“They awoke early”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '33', 'l4xz', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'He called the well Shibah', '“So he called the well Shibah.” Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Shibah sounds like the word that means ‘oath.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '33', 'ymy1', '', '', '0', 'Beersheba', 'Translators may add a footnote saying “Beersheba can mean either “well of the oath” or “well of seven.” (See note on [Genesis 21:32](../21/32.md))']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '34', 'mr5x', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Most of Genesis 26 was about Isaac. These verses are about his older son Esau.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '34', 'n2fj', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'forty', '“40” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '34', 'f6p7', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'he took a wife', '“he married.” You can state explicitly that he married two women. Alternate translation: “he took two wives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '34', 'n6q3', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Judith…Basemath', 'These are the names of Esau’s wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '34', 'vpc3', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Beeri…Elon', 'These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '34', 'es97', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the Hittite', '“the descendant of Heth” or “a descendant of Heth.” The Hittite people were the descendants of Heth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '26', '35', 'tfu7', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'They brought sorrow to Isaac and Rebekah', 'Here “they” refers to Judith and Basemath. To make someone sorrowful or miserable is spoken of as if “sorrow” were an object that a person could bring to another person. Alternate translation: “They made Isaac and Rebekah sorrowful” or “Isaac and Rebekah were miserable because of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', 'intro', 'r9m3', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 27 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 27:27-29 and in 27:39-40.

## Special concepts in this chapter
### Blessing
In the ancient Near East, a father’s blessing was very important. This spoken blessing was legally binding. Jacob previously received the birthright from Esau and was guaranteed the double portion of land money that was supposed to be inherited by the older son, Esau. In this chapter, Jacob tricks Isaac into giving him Esau’s blessing. This means that he is to inherit the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/birthright]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '1', 'dk7f', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'his eyes were dim', 'This speaks about being nearly blind as if the eyes were a lamp and the light has nearly gone out. Alternate translation: “he was nearly blind” or “he was almost blind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '1', 'xl56', '', '', '0', 'Here I am', '“I am here” or “I am listening.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '2', 'chx2', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'See here', 'The phrase “see here” adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '2', 'r5ug', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'I do not know the day of my death', 'It is implied that Isaac knows he will die soon. Alternate translation: “I may die any day now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '2', 'djk1', '', '', '0', 'death', 'This refers to physical death.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '3', 'g526', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Isaac continues giving instructions to his older son Isaac.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '3', 'dk3j', '', '', '0', 'your weapons', '“your hunting equipment”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '3', 'q9sp', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'your quiver', 'A quiver is a case for holding arrows. Alternate translation: “your quiver of arrows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '3', 'r6x1', '', '', '0', 'hunt game for me', '“hunt a wild animal for me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '4', 'z48e', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Make delicious food for me, the sort that I love', 'The word “delicious” refers to something that tastes very good. Alternate translation: “Cook for me the tasty meat that I love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '4', 'wt6a', '', '', '0', 'bless you', 'In Bible times, a father would often pronounce a formal blessing on his children.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '5', 'xjr9', 'writing-background', '', '0', '', 'This verse is background information for the description of the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '5', 'wkc6', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Now', 'This verse is background information for the description of the events that follow. The word “now” shows that the author is going to begin to talk about Rebekah and Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '5', 'f3na', '', '', '0', 'Rebekah heard it when Isaac spoke to Esau his son', '“Rebekah heard Isaac speaking to his son Esau”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '5', 'wpq7', '', '', '0', 'to Esau his son', 'Esau was the son of both Isaac and Rebekah. The author calls Esau “his son” to emphasize that Isaac preferred Esau over Isaac.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '6', 'jlu7', 'writing-background', '', '0', '', 'This verse continues the background information that begins with the words “Now Rebekah heard” in verse 5. It is background information for the description of the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '6', 'fr9i', 'grammar-connect-words-phrases', '', '0', 'Rebekah spoke to Jacob', 'This verse continues the background information that begins with the words “Esau went…bring it back” in verse 5. It is background information for the description of the events that follow. After Esau leaves, Rebekah speaks to Jacob because of what she has heard. “So when Esau went…bring it back, Rebekah spoke to Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '6', 'j6cj', '', '', '0', 'to Jacob her son', 'Jacob was the son of both Isaac and Rebekah. The author calls Jacob “her son” here to emphasize that Rebekah preferred Jacob over Esau.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '6', 'yc8h', '', '', '0', 'See here', 'The phrase “see here” adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '7', 'nl2j', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', '‘Bring me game and make me delicious food, that I may eat it and bless you in the presence of Yahweh before my death.’', 'These are the words that the author introduces with the words “He said” in verse 6. This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. “He told Esau to hunt a wild animal, and to make the tasty meat that he loves. Then before he dies, your father will bless Esau in the presence of Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '7', 'chc2', '', '', '0', 'Bring me game', '“Bring me a wild animal that you hunt and kill”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '7', 'epu1', '', '', '0', 'make me delicious food', '“cook for me the tasty meat that I love.” See how this was translated in [Genesis 27:4](../27/04.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '7', 'tq2y', '', '', '0', 'bless you in the presence of Yahweh', '“bless you before Yahweh”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '7', 'ei7n', '', '', '0', 'before my death', '“before I die”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '8', 'f173', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Rebekah continues to speak to her younger son Jacob.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '8', 'y3a9', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '8', 'g188', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'obey my voice as I command you', 'Rebekah said “my voice” to refer to what she was saying. Alternate translation: “obey me and do what I tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '9', 'vla2', '', '', '0', 'I will make delicious food from them for your father, just like he loves', 'The word “delicious” refers to something that tastes very good. See how a similar sentence was translated in [Genesis 27:4](../27/04.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '10', 'jnw9', '', '', '0', 'You will take it to your father', '“Then take it to your father”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '10', 'y1kp', '', '', '0', 'so that he may eat it, so that he may bless you', '“and after he eats it, he will bless you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '10', 'j39b', '', '', '0', 'he may bless you', 'The word “bless” refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '10', 'g1ev', '', '', '0', 'before his death', '“before he dies”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '11', 'qtd3', '', '', '0', 'I am a smooth man', '“I am a man with smooth skin” or “I am not hairy”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '12', 't3a4', '', '', '0', 'I will seem to him as a deceiver', '“he will think that I am a liar” or “he will know that I am deceiving him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '12', 's8h4', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'I will bring a curse upon me and not a blessing', 'Being cursed or blessed is spoken of as if a curse and a blessing are objects that are placed on a person. Alternate translation: “Then because of this, he will curse me and not bless me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '13', 'svh3', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'My son, let any curse fall on me', '“let your curse be on me, my son.” Being cursed is spoken of as if the curse were on object that is placed on the person. Alternate translation: “let your father curse me instead of you, my son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '13', 'yj3y', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'obey my voice', 'Rebekah said “my voice” to refer to what she was saying. Alternate translation: “obey what I tell you” or “obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '13', 'p12u', '', '', '0', 'bring them to me', '“bring me the young goats”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '14', 'fje9', '', '', '0', 'made delicious food, just like his father loved', 'The word “delicious” refers to something that tastes very good. See how a similar sentence was translated in [Genesis 27:4](../27/04.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '16', 'cd2u', '', '', '0', 'She put the skins of the young goats on his hands', 'The goat skins still had the hair on them.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '17', 'zjt6', '', '', '0', 'She put the delicious food and the bread that she had prepared into the hand of her son Jacob', '“She gave to her son Jacob the delicious food and bread which she had prepared”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '18', 'ak4j', '', '', '0', 'Here I am', '“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?” See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '19', 'rss2', '', '', '0', 'I have done as you said to me', '“I have done what you told me to do”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '19', 'h2fq', '', '', '0', 'some of my game', 'The word “game” refers to wild animals that someone hunts and kills. See how “game” was translated in [Genesis 27:3](../27/03.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '20', 'rke8', '', '', '0', 'He said', '“Jacob replied”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '20', 'wk6c', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'brought it to me', 'This is an idiom meaning that God caused it to happen. Alternate translation: “helped me to succeed while hunting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '21', 'jmh1', '', '', '0', 'whether you are my true son Esau or not', '“if you are really my son Esau”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '22', 'zy8a', '', '', '0', 'Jacob went over to Isaac his father', '“Jacob approached Isaac his father”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '22', 'g574', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'The voice is Jacob’s voice', 'Here Issac speaks of Jacob’s voice as representing Jacob. Alternate translation: “You sound like Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '22', 'yi47', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'but the hands are the hands of Esau', 'Here Issac speaks of Esau’s hands as representing Esau. Alternate translation: “but your hands feel like Esau’s hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '24', 'wi51', 'figs-events', '', '0', 'He said', 'Isaac asks this question before blessing his son. Alternate translation: “But first Isaac asked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '25', 'sqb8', '', '', '0', 'eat of your game', 'The word “game” refers to a wild animal that people hunt and kill. See how “game” was translated in [Genesis 27:7](../27/07.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '25', 'w6sf', '', '', '0', 'he drank', '“Isaac drank it”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '27', 'tr1w', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'he smelled the smell of his clothes and blessed him', 'It can be made explicit that the clothes smelled like Esau’s clothes. Alternate translation: “he smelled his clothes and they smelled like Esau’s clothes, so Isaac blessed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '27', 'nr5p', '', '', '0', 'he smelled', '“Isaac smelled”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '27', 'e57u', '', '', '0', 'the smell', '“the scent”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '27', 't86t', '', '', '0', 'blessed him', '“then he blessed him.” This refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '27', 'm1kb', '', '', '0', 'See, the smell of my son', 'The word “see” is used as an emphatic figure of speech to mean “it is true.” Alternate translation: “Truly, the smell of my son”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '27', 's46h', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'that Yahweh has blessed', 'Here the word “blessed” means that Yahweh has caused good things to happen to the field and it has become fruitful. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh has caused to be very productive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '28', 'q1wj', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'This is Isaac’s blessing. He thought he was speaking to Esau, but he was speaking to Jacob.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '28', 'e1me', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'give you', 'Here “you” is singular and refers to Jacob. But the blessing would also apply to Jacob’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '28', 'v1nn', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'dew of heaven', '“Dew” is drops of water that form on the plants during the night. This can be made explicit in the translation. Alternate translation: “night mist from heaven to water your crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '28', 'wst4', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'fatness of the earth', 'Having fertile land is spoken of as if the earth were fat or rich. Alternate translation: “good soil for producing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '28', 'hlu3', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'plenty of grain and new wine', 'If “grain” and “wine” are unknown, this can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: “plenty of food and drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '29', 'z9hr', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'you…your', 'Here these pronouns are singular and refer to Jacob. But the blessing also applies to Jacob’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '29', 'i4ct', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'nations bow down', 'Here “nations” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “people from all nations bow down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '29', 'qa8g', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'bow down', 'This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '29', 'z1qi', '', '', '0', 'Be master over your brothers', '“Become a master over your brothers”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '29', 'lvg1', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'your brothers…your mother’s sons', 'Isaac is speaking this blessing directly to Jacob. But, it also applies to Jacob’s descendants who will rule over the descendants of Esau and the descendants of any other of Jacob’s brothers that he may have. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '29', 'vc3p', '', '', '0', 'may your mother’s sons bow down to you', '“your mother’s sons will bow down to you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '29', 'af44', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'May every one who curses you be cursed', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May God curse everyone who curses you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '29', 'rwr2', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'may every one who blesses you be blessed', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May God bless everyone who blesses you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '30', 'dae7', '', '', '0', 'had scarcely gone out from the presence of Isaac his father', '“had just left the tent of Isaac his father”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '31', 'htl4', '', '', '0', 'delicious food', '“tasty meat that I love.” See how this was translated in [Genesis 27:3](../27/03.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '31', 'jjd8', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'some of your son’s game', 'Here “your son’s” was a polite way of Esau referring to his own food he prepared. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '31', 'r39y', '', '', '0', 'your son’s game', 'The word “game” refers to wild animals that people hunt to eat. See how “game” was translated in [Genesis 27:7](../27/07.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '31', 'p6yp', '', '', '0', 'bless me', 'This refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '32', 'qzp4', '', '', '0', 'said to him', '“said to Esau”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '33', 's8l1', '', '', '0', 'Isaac trembled', '“Isaac began to shake”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '33', 'vrt1', '', '', '0', 'hunted this game', 'Game refers to a wild animal that people hunt and kill. See how “game” was translated in [Genesis 27:7](../27/07.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '34', 'g5y4', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'he cried with a very great and bitter cry', 'Esau’s anguish was similar to the taste of something bitter. Alternate translation: “he cried loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '35', 'xrv3', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'has taken away your blessing', 'This is a figure of speech meaning Jacob took what was Esau’s. Alternate translation: “I have blessed him instead of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '36', 'vpk4', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Is he not rightly named Jacob?', 'Esau uses a question to emphasize his anger at Jacob. Alternate translation: “Jacob is certainly the right name for my brother!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '36', 'rq3b', '', '', '0', 'Jacob', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Jacob means ‘he grasps the heel.’ In the original language the name ‘Jacob’ also sounds like the word for ‘he deceives.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '36', 's7al', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'He took away my birthright', 'This speaks about a birthright as if it were an object that a person could take away. Alternate translation: “What was once my birthright is now his because he tricked me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '36', 'd3f1', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'now he has taken away my blessing', 'This speaks about a blessing as if it were an object that person could take away. Alternate translation: “now he has tricked you into blessing him instead of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '36', 'bej9', '', '', '0', 'Have you not reserved a blessing for me', 'Esau knows that his father cannot bless him with the same things that he blessed Jacob. Esau is asking if there is anything left to say to him that Isaac did not say while blessing Jacob.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '37', 'z3vr', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'What more can I do for you, my son?', 'Isaac uses a question to emphasize that there is nothing else he can do. Alternate translation: “There is nothing else I can do for you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '38', 'xf7q', '', '', '0', 'Have you not even one blessing for me, my father', 'This can be stated in positive form. “My father, do you have one more blessing for me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '39', 'yu4i', '', '', '0', 'said to him', '“said to Esau”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '39', 'j4p8', '', '', '0', 'Look, the place', '“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: the place”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '39', 'ykr5', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'far from the richness of the earth', 'This is a figure of speech referring to the earth’s fertility. Alternate translation: “far from the fertile soil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '39', 'xpl9', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'dew of the sky above', '“Dew” is drops of water that form on the plants during the night. This can be made explicit in the translation. Alternate translation: “the night mist from the sky to water your crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '40', 'vn48', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'your…you', 'In 27:39-40 these pronouns are singular and refer to Esau, but what Isaac says also applies to Esau’s descendants (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '40', 'tzg9', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'By your sword you will live', 'Here “sword” stands for violence. Alternate translation: “You will rob and kill people in order to get what you need to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '40', 'rvk2', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'you will shake his yoke from off your neck', 'This speaks about someone having a master as if the master’s control over the person were a yoke that the person had to carry. Alternate translation: “you will free yourself from his control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '41', 'ajl9', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'Esau said in his heart', 'Here “heart” stands for Esau himself. Alternate translation: “Esau said to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '41', 'f5u3', '', '', '0', 'days of mourning for my father are near', 'This refers to a number of days a person grieves when a family member dies.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '42', 'xuy8', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'The words of Esau her older son were told to Rebekah', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told Rebekah about Esau’s plan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '42', 'f45j', '', '', '0', 'See', '“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '42', 'n35u', '', '', '0', 'is consoling himself', '“is making himself feel better”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '43', 'n2yn', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '43', 'h9zp', '', '', '0', 'flee to Laban', '“leave here quickly and go to Laban”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '44', 'f6w6', '', '', '0', 'for a while', '“for a period of time”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '44', 'nuh4', '', '', '0', 'until your brother’s fury subsides', '“until you brother calms down”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '45', 'bkx2', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'until your brother’s anger turns away from you', 'No longer being angry is spoken of as if the anger turns to a different direction away from the person. Alternate translation: “until he is no longer angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '45', 's57p', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Why should I lose you both in one day?', 'Rebekah uses a question to emphasize her concern. Alternate translation: “I do not want to lose both of you in one day!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '45', 'b5v1', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'I lose you both in one day', 'It is implied that if Esau kills Jacob, then they will execute Esau as a murderer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '45', 'mt31', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'I lose', 'This is a polite way of referring to her sons dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '46', 'z2lw', 'figs-hyperbole', '', '0', 'I am weary of life', 'Rebekah is exaggerating to emphasize how upset she is about the Hittite women that Esau married. Alternate translation: “I am terribly upset” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '46', 'd19k', '', '', '0', 'the daughters of Heth', '“these Hittite women” or “descendants of Heth”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '46', 'ujy2', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'like these women, some of the daughters of the land', 'The phrase “daughters of the land” means the local females. Alternate translation: “like these women who live in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '27', '46', 'z91x', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'what good will my life be to me?', 'Rebekah uses a question to emphasize how upset she would be if Jacob marries a Hittite woman. Alternate translation: “My life will be awful!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', 'intro', 't611', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 28 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Even though Jacob tricked his father in order to receive Esau’s blessing, the chapter repeats the blessing, ensuring he inherits the blessings promised to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Jacob’s dream
Jacob had a dream or received a vision. The purpose of this dream is to show that, despite Jacob’s sin, God is giving Abraham’s covenant promises to Jacob and his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])

### Bethel
This was an important city for Abraham and his descendants. It is possible that there is some theological significance to the city of Bethel.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '1', 'nl2p', '', '', '0', 'You must not take', '“Do not take”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '2', 'jcc6', '', '', '0', 'Arise, go', '“Go right away”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '2', 'ptv8', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Paddan Aram', 'This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:20](../25/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '2', 'dv3j', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'house of', 'This refers to a person’s descendants or other relatives. Alternate translation: “family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '2', 'm29w', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Bethuel', 'Bethuel was Rebekah’s father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '2', 'dh9y', '', '', '0', 'your mother’s father', '“your grandfather”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '2', 'fqr7', '', '', '0', 'one of the daughters', '“from the daughters”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '2', 'a74b', '', '', '0', 'your mother’s brother', '“your uncle”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '3', 'u2mm', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Isaac continues speaking to Jacob']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '3', 'qw5a', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'make you fruitful and multiply you', 'The word “multiply” explains how God would make Jacob “fruitful.” Alternate translation: “give you many children and descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '4', 'nas7', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'May he give you the blessing of Abraham, to you, and to your descendants after you', 'This speaks about blessing someone as if a blessing were an object that a person can give. The abstract noun “the blessing” can be stated as “bless.” Alternate translation: “May God bless you and your descendants as he blessed Abraham” or “May God give to you and your descendants what he promised to Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '4', 'eja3', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'that you may inherit the land', 'God giving the land of Canaan to Jacob and his descendants is spoken of as if a child were inheriting money or possessions from his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '4', 'da2s', '', '', '0', 'the land where you have been living', '“the land where you have been staying”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '4', 'yx4w', '', '', '0', 'which God gave to Abraham', '“which God promised to Abraham”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '5', 'c4ky', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Paddan Aram', 'This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:20](../25/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '5', 'ses3', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Bethuel', 'Bethuel was Rebekah’s father. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 22:22](../22/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '6', 'b2pg', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The story changes from Jacob to Esau']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '6', 'mjy9', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Now', 'This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Esau. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '6', 'ic25', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Paddan Aram', 'This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in [Genesis 25:20](../25/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '6', 'avf6', '', '', '0', 'to take a wife', '“to take a wife for himself”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '6', 'epz3', '', '', '0', 'He also saw that Isaac had blessed him', '“Esau also saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '6', 'xj5i', '', '', '0', 'You must not take', '“Do not take”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '6', 'sp4g', '', '', '0', 'women of Canaan', '“daughters of Canaan” or “Canaanite women”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '8', 'gmv1', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'This continues the background information about Esau.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '8', 'h454', '', '', '0', 'Esau saw', '“Esau realized”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '8', 'a14e', '', '', '0', 'the women of Canaan did not please Isaac his father', '“his father Isaac did not approve of the women of Canaan”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '8', 'sp9b', '', '', '0', 'women of Canaan', '“daughters of Canaan” or “the Canaanite women”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '9', 'pn6x', '', '', '0', 'So he went', '“Because of that, he went”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '9', 'e5ya', '', '', '0', 'besides the wives that he had', '“in addition to the wives that he already had”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '9', 'l4pn', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Mahalath', 'This is the name of one of Ishmael’s daughters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '9', 'su64', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Nebaioth', 'This is the name of one of Ishmael’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '10', 'uh6w', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The story switches back to Jacob']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '11', 'ru38', '', '', '0', 'He came to a certain place and stayed there all night, because the sun had set', '“He came to a certain place and, because the sun had set, he decided to stay for the night”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '12', 'mwk8', '', '', '0', 'He dreamed', '“Jacob had a dream”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '12', 'z48g', '', '', '0', 'set up on the earth', '“with the bottom of it touching the ground”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '12', 'pn7d', '', '', '0', 'reached to heaven', 'This refers to the place where God lives.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '13', 'ax75', '', '', '0', 'Behold', 'The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '13', 'wwx2', '', '', '0', 'Yahweh stood above it', 'Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh was standing at the top of the stairway” or (2) “Yahweh was standing next to Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '13', 'a91d', '', '', '0', 'Abraham your father', 'Here “father” means “ancestor.” Alternate translation: “Abraham your ancestor” or “Abraham your forefather”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '14', 'j413', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'God continues to talk to Jacob in a dream.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '14', 'wu5i', 'figs-simile', '', '0', 'Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth', 'God compares Jacob’s descendants to the dust of the earth to emphasize their huge number. Alternate translation: “You will have more descendants than you can count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '14', 'pyi5', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'you will spread far out to the west', 'The word “you” is singular and refers to Jacob. Here Jacob represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “your descendants will spread out to the west” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '14', 'fby4', '', '', '0', 'you will spread far out', 'This means the people will extend the borders of their land and occupy more territory.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '14', 'hn6s', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'to the west, to the east, to the north, and to the south', 'This phrases are used together to mean “all directions.” Alternate translation: “in all directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '14', 'i1qm', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'Through you and through your descendants will all the families of the earth be blessed', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will bless all families on the earth through you and your descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '15', 'yb1m', '', '', '0', 'Behold, I am', '“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I am”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '15', 'n4tr', '', '', '0', 'for I will not leave you. I will do all', '“for I will not leave you until I have done all”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '15', 'gr8q', '', '', '0', 'I will keep you', '“I will keep you safe” or “I will protect you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '15', 'em1w', '', '', '0', 'I will bring you into this land again', '“I will bring you back to this land”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '16', 't191', '', '', '0', 'awoke out of his sleep', '“woke up from his sleep”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '17', 'h8p1', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'the house of God…the gate of heaven', 'The phrase “the gate of heaven” explains that this place is the entrance to “the house of God” and “the entrance to where God lives.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '17', 'hc3f', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'This is the gate of heaven', 'This speaks about the entrance to the place where God lives as if it were a literal kingdom that had a gate that someone has to open to let people in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '18', 'e2b6', '', '', '0', 'pillar', 'This is a memorial pillar, that is, simply a large stone or boulder set up on its end.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '18', 'grd4', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'poured oil upon the top of it', 'This action symbolizes that Jacob is dedicating the pillar to God. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “poured oil on the top of it in order to dedicate the pillar to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '19', 'hv4e', '', '', '0', 'Bethel', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Bethel means ‘house of God.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '19', 'u3i9', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Luz', 'This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '20', 'bas3', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Jacob begins to make a vow to Yahweh.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '20', 'p422', '', '', '0', 'vowed a vow', '“made a vow” or “solemnly promised God”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '20', 'dm3m', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'If God will…clothes to wear', 'Jacob is speaking to God in the third person. This can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “If you will…clothes to wear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '20', 'ye9d', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'on this road on which I am walking', 'This stands for Jacob’s journey to find a wife and to return home. Alternate translation: “on this journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '20', 'vwl3', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'will give me bread to eat', 'Here “bread” stands for food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '21', 't1uz', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'The vow that began with the words “If God will…clothes to wear” in verse 20 continues here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '21', 'my56', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'so that I return safely…then Yahweh will be my God', 'The vow that began with the words “If God will…clothes to wear” in verse 20 continues here. Jacob is speaking to God in the third person. This can be stated in the second person. “If you will…clothes to wear…so that I return safely…then you, Yahweh, will be the God that I will worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '21', 'lw1z', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'to my father’s house', 'Here “house” stands for Jacob’s family. Alternate translation: “to my father and the rest of my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '28', '22', 'auv9', '', '', '0', 'a sacred stone', 'This means that the stone will mark the place where God appeared to him and it will be a place where people can worship God. Alternate translation: “God’s house” or “God’s place”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', 'intro', 'cbq8', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 29 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter records the conflict between Jacob’s wives, Rachel and Leah. This account continues into the next chapter.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Shepherds
Although the exact reasoning for the shepherds’ unwillingness to give water to the sheep is unknown, it is probable they were being lazy. The actions of these shepherds contrast Jacob’s actions.

### Kissing
It was common in the ancient Near East for relatives to greet each other with a kiss. There was nothing sexual about this type of kissing.

### Marriage
It was customary in the ancient Near East for a man to work for a woman’s father in order to earn the right to marry her. It is unknown how common it was for a father to have his younger daughter marry before an older daughter. It was also sinful for Jacob to marry more than one wife. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '1', 'lq7q', '', '', '0', 'the people of the east', 'This means the people of Paddan Aram, which is a land east of the land of Canaan.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '2', 'jxn8', '', '', '0', 'and, behold, three flocks of sheep were lying there by it', 'The word “behold” marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '2', 'hn73', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'For out of that well', '“For from that well.” This phrase marks a change from the story to background information about how the shepherds watered the flocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '2', 'lfz9', '', '', '0', 'they would water', '“the shepherds would water” or “those taking care of the sheep would water”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '2', 'e7ms', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'the well’s mouth', 'Here “mouth” is a way of referring to an opening. Alternate translation: “the opening of the well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '4', 'uup8', '', '', '0', 'Jacob said to them', '“Jacob said to the shepherds”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '4', 'th3u', '', '', '0', 'My brothers', 'This is a polite way to greet a stranger.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '5', 'l8t8', '', '', '0', 'Laban son of Nahor', 'Here “son” refers to a male descendant. Another possible meaning is “Laban the grandson of Nahor.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '6', 'g1kl', '', '', '0', 'and, look there, Rachel his daughter is coming with the sheep', '“Now look! Rachel his daughter is coming with the sheep”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '7', 'vjn6', '', '', '0', 'it is the middle of the day', '“the sun is still high in the sky” or “the sun is still shining brightly”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '7', 'wsp1', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'for the flocks to be gathered together', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for you to gather the flocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '7', 'kul5', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'to be gathered together', 'This means to gather them together inside a fence for them to stay for the night. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '7', 'eea1', '', '', '0', 'let them graze', '“let them eat grass in the field”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '8', 'vp42', '', '', '0', 'We cannot water them', '“We have to wait to water them.” This has to do with timing, not permission.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '8', 'w41a', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'until all the flocks are gathered together', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the other shepherds gather their flocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '8', 'q2rs', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'from the well’s mouth', 'Here “mouth” is way of referring to an opening. Alternate translation: “from the well” or “from the opening of the well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '8', 'f3hm', '', '', '0', 'and we will water the sheep', '“then we will water the sheep”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '10', 'lk18', '', '', '0', 'his mother’s brother', '“his uncle”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '10', 'l4ls', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'the well’s mouth', 'Here “mouth” is a way of referring to an opening. Alternate translation: “the well” or “the opening of the well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '11', 'dr7v', '', '', '0', 'Jacob kissed Rachel', 'In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. However, it is normally done between men. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '11', 'bje4', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'wept loudly', 'Jacob weeps because he is so happy. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '12', 'rxl5', '', '', '0', 'her father’s relative', '“related to her father”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '13', 'vkr1', '', '', '0', 'his sister’s son', '“his nephew”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '13', 'g5et', '', '', '0', 'embraced him', '“hugged him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '13', 'arl7', '', '', '0', 'kissed him', 'In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. However, it is normally done between men. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '13', 'ze3q', '', '', '0', 'Jacob told Laban all these things', '“then Jacob told Laban everything he told Rachel”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '14', 'klc2', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'my bone and my flesh', 'This phrase means they are directly related. Alternate translation: “my relative” or “a member of my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '15', 'i5a9', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Should you serve me for nothing…my relative?', 'Laban uses a question to emphasize that he should pay Jacob for working for him. The question can be translated as a statement. This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “It is certainly right that I should pay you for working for me even though you are my relative.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '16', 'yvd6', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Now Laban had', 'The word “now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban and his daughters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '17', 'daa9', '', '', '0', 'Leah’s eyes were tender', 'Possible meanings are (1) “Leah’s eyes were pretty” or (2) “Leah’s eyes were plain”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '18', 'jsx9', '', '', '0', 'Jacob loved Rachel', 'Here the word “loved” refers to a romantic attraction between a man and a woman.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '19', 'd6zk', '', '', '0', 'than that I should give her to another man', '“rather than give her to another man”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '20', 'p6uz', '', '', '0', 'and they seemed to him only a few days', '“but the time seemed to him to be only a few days”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '20', 'p7wx', '', '', '0', 'for the love he had for her', '“on account of the love he had for her” or “because of his love for her”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '21', 'nz7t', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'Give me my wife, for my days have been completed—so that I may marry her!', 'The phrase “have been completed” can be stated in active form. The statement is emphatic. Alternate translation: Give me my wife, so that I may marry her, for I have completed the length of time that I was to work for you!”Give me Rachel so that I may marry her, for I have worked seven years for you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '22', 'kln5', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'made a feast', '“prepared a wedding feast.” Most likely Laban had others prepare the feast. Alternate translation: “had others prepare a wedding feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '23', 'q4m4', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'who went in to her', '“who had sexual relations with her.” You may need to use other, more polite words here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '24', 'yic2', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Laban gave his female servant Zilpah…her servant', 'Here the author gives background information about Laban giving Zilpah to Leah. Most likely he gave Zilpah to Leah before the wedding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '24', 'n874', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Zilpah', 'This is the name of Leah’s female servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '25', 'm2hu', '', '', '0', 'behold, it was Leah', '“Jacob was surprised to see it was Leah in bed with him.” The word “behold” here shows that Jacob was surprised by what he saw.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '25', 'ji15', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'What is this you have done to me?', 'Jacob uses a question to express his anger and surprise. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot believe you did this to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '25', 'g6rs', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Did I not serve you for Rachel?', 'Jacob uses these questions to express his hurt that Laban had tricked him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I served you for seven years to marry Rachel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '26', 'gfg2', '', '', '0', 'It is not our custom to give', '“In our family we do not give”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '27', 'ly1t', '', '', '0', 'Complete the bridal week of this daughter', '“Finish celebrating Leah’s bridal week”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '27', 'vma8', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'we will give you the other also', 'The full meaning can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “next week we will give you Rachel also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '28', 'a6qr', '', '', '0', 'Jacob did so, and completed Leah’s week', '“And Jacob did what Laban asked, and finished celebrating Leah’s bridal week”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '29', 'g7yl', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Bilhah', 'This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '30', 'zix1', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'Jacob went in to Rachel', '“Jacob had sexual relations with Rachel.” You may need to use other, more polite words here. See how similar words are translated in [Genesis 29:23](../29/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '30', 'q996', '', '', '0', 'he loved Rachel', 'This refers to the romantic love between a man and a woman.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '31', 's19a', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'Leah was not loved', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Jacob did not love Leah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '31', 'lk3e', 'figs-hyperbole', '', '0', 'not loved', 'This is an exaggeration to emphasize that Jacob loved Rachel more than Leah. Alternate translation: “loved less than Rachel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '31', 't2ud', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'so he opened her womb', 'God causing Leah to be able to become pregnant is spoken of as if God is opening her womb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '31', 'snn8', '', '', '0', 'was childless', '“was not able to become pregnant”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '32', 'w9x3', '', '', '0', 'Leah conceived and bore a son', '“Leah became pregnant and gave birth to a son”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '32', 'j9j3', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'she called his name Reuben', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Reuben means ‘See, a son.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '32', 'p4ip', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'Yahweh has looked upon my affliction', 'Leah was experiencing emotional pain because Jacob had rejected her. The abstract noun “affliction” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Yahweh saw that I was suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '33', 'ff7r', '', '', '0', 'Then she conceived', '“Then Leah became pregnant”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '33', 'jl8z', '', '', '0', 'bore a son', '“gave birth to a son”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '33', 'djc1', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'Yahweh has heard that I am unloved', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has heard that my husband does not love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '33', 'dlg9', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'she called his name Simeon', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Simeon means ‘heard.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '34', 'tv8t', '', '', '0', 'will my husband be attached to me', '“my husband will embrace me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '34', 'q2up', '', '', '0', 'I have borne him three sons', '“I have given birth to three sons for him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '34', 'bz8c', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'his name was called Levi', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Levi means ‘attached.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '35', 'x9x6', '', '', '0', 'She conceived again', '“Leah became pregnant again”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '35', 'acb5', '', '', '0', 'bore a son', '“gave birth to a son”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '29', '35', 'xp9g', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'she called his name Judah', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Judah means ‘praise.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', 'intro', 'g8rn', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 30 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

This chapter continues the story of the conflict between Rachel and Leah.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Women and their children
In the ancient Near East, it was important for a married woman to have many children. If a woman did not have many children, people believed it brought shame upon her. This is one of the reasons why Rachel and Leah were always jealous of each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]])

### Speckled and spotted
Speckled and spotted sheep were considered to be imperfect. Therefore, they were considered to be much less valuable than the spotless sheep. Despite Jacob’s fair offer, Laban once again tried to cheat him out of something he deserved. Jacob anticipated Laban’s cheating.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '1', 'b8mq', '', '', '0', 'When Rachel saw that she bore Jacob no children', '“When Rachel realized that she was unable to become preganant”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '1', 'ct56', 'figs-hyperbole', '', '0', 'I will die', 'Rachel is exaggerating to show how upset she is about not having children. Alternate translation: “I will feel completely worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '1', 'v6l6', '', '', '0', 'Give me children', '“Cause me to become pregnant”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '2', 'rs2s', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Jacob’s anger burned against Rachel', 'Jacob’s anger is spoken of as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “Jacob was very angry with Rachel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '2', 'b7dm', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Am I in the place of God, who has kept you from having children?', 'This is a rhetorical question that Jacob uses to scold Rachel. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not God! I am not the one who is preventing you from having children!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '3', 'dh9k', '', '', '0', 'She said', '“Rachel said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '3', 'y5pn', '', '', '0', 'See', '“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '3', 'rc5q', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'there is my servant Bilhah…I will have children by her', 'At that time, this was an acceptable way for a barren woman to have children that would legally belong to her. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '3', 'u6p8', '', '', '0', 'Bilhah', 'This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/29.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '3', 'fqb3', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'Go in to her', 'This is a polite way of talking about sexual relations. You may need to use different words in your language. Alternate translation: “Have sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '3', 'jt2n', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'on my knees', 'This is a way of saying that the child that Bilhah gives birth to will belong to Rachel. Alternate translation: “for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '3', 'fu33', '', '', '0', 'I will have children by her', '“and in this way she will cause me to have children”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '4', 'm19u', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'Jacob went in to her', 'This is a polite way of talking about sexual relations. You may need to use different words in your language. Alternate translation: “Jacob had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '5', 'e6rx', '', '', '0', 'Bilhah', 'This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/29.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '5', 'j1wf', '', '', '0', 'bore Jacob a son', '“gave birth to a son for Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '6', 'm82y', '', '', '0', 'she called his name', '“Rachel gave him the name”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '6', 'qy9x', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'called his name Dan', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Dan means ‘he judged.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '7', 'd11y', '', '', '0', 'Bilhah…conceived again', '“Bilhah…became pregnant again”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '7', 'e4tc', '', '', '0', 'bore Jacob a second son', '“gave birth to a second son for Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '8', 'xbz2', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'With mighty wrestlings have I wrestled with my sister', 'The phrase “wrestlings have I wrestled” is an idiom used for emphasis. It is also a metaphor that speaks of Rachel’s attempts to have a child like her sister as if she were having a physical fight with Leah. Alternate translation: “I have had a great struggle to have children like my older sister, Leah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '8', 'p9q6', '', '', '0', 'have prevailed', '“I have won” or “I have succeeded”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '8', 'gy77', '', '', '0', 'called his name Naphtali', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Naphtali means ‘my struggle.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '9', 'n7if', '', '', '0', 'When Leah saw that', '“When Leah became aware that”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '9', 'ct6f', '', '', '0', 'she took Zilpah, her servant, and gave her to Jacob as a wife', '“she gave Zilpah, her servant, to Jacob as a wife”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '9', 'mw56', '', '', '0', 'Zilpah', 'This is the name of Leah’s female servant. See how you translated this in [Genesis 29:24](../29/24.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '10', 'pf1k', '', '', '0', 'bore Jacob a son', '“gave birth to a son for Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '11', 'ml48', '', '', '0', 'This is fortunate!', '“How fortunate!” or “What good luck!”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '11', 'hmk8', '', '', '0', 'called his name Gad', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Gad means ‘fortunate.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '12', 'sp7h', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Zilpah', 'This is the name of Leah’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24](../29/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '12', 'cbx9', '', '', '0', 'bore Jacob a second son', '“gave birth to a second son for Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '13', 'c2du', '', '', '0', 'I am happy!', '“How blessed I am!” or “How happy I am!”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '13', 'i9pt', '', '', '0', 'the daughters', '“the women” or “the young women”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '13', 'q84q', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'called his name Asher', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Asher means ‘happy.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '14', 'k7d6', '', '', '0', 'Reuben went', '“Reuben went out”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '14', 'yv13', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'in the days of wheat harvest', 'Here the phrase “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the season or time of year. Alternate translation: “at the time of year of the wheat harvest” or “during the wheat harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '14', 't6zn', 'translate-unknown', '', '0', 'mandrakes', 'This is a fruit that was said to increase fertility and the desire to sleep with one’s lover. Alternate translation: “love fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '15', 'uq87', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Is it a small matter to you…my husband?', '“Do you not care…my husband?” This is a rhetorical question used to scold Rachel. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is bad enough…my husband.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '15', 'h684', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Do you now want…too?', 'This is a rhetorical question, used to scold Rachel. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now you want…too!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '15', 'ku4g', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'Then he will lie with you', 'Here “lie with” is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Then Jacob will have sexual intercourse with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '16', 'y5di', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'You must come in to me', 'Here “come in to” is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “You must have sexual intercourse with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '16', 'c6r1', '', '', '0', 'with my son’s mandrakes', '“for the price of my son’s mandrakes.” See how you translated “mandrake” in [Genesis 30:14](../30/14.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '17', 'k8h8', '', '', '0', 'she conceived', '“She became pregnant”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '17', 'ew6t', '', '', '0', 'bore Jacob a fifth son', '“gave birth to a fifth son for Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '18', 'k9kl', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'God has given me my wages', 'God rewarding Leah is spoken of as if he were a boss paying wages to someone who works for him. Alternate translation: “God has given my due” or “God has rewarded me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '18', 'n1d3', '', '', '0', 'She called his name Issachar', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Issachar means ‘there is a reward.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '19', 'u4y3', '', '', '0', 'Leah conceived again', '“Leah became pregnant again”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '19', 'i5p8', '', '', '0', 'bore a sixth son to Jacob', '“gave birth to a sixth son for Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '20', 'my2k', '', '', '0', 'She called his name Zebulun', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Zebulun means ‘honor.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '21', 'glq4', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'called her name Dinah', 'This is the name of Leah’s daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '22', 'tj2w', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'God called Rachel to mind and listened to her', 'The phrase “call to mind” means to remember. This does not mean God forgot about Rachel. It means he considered her request. Alternate translation: “God considered Rachel and granted to her what she wanted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '23', 'ql6d', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'God has taken away my shame', 'God causing Rachel to no longer feel ashamed is spoken of as if “shame” were an object that person could take away from someone else. The abstract noun “shame” can be stated as “ashamed.” Alternate translation: “God has caused me to no longer feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '24', 'lyt5', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'She called his name Joseph', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Joseph means ‘may he add.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '24', 'lif6', '', '', '0', 'Yahweh has added to me another son', 'Rachel’s first sons were through her female servant Bilhah.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '25', 'a2ai', '', '', '0', 'After Rachel had borne Joseph', '“After Rachel gave birth to Joseph”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '26', 'jpd7', '', '', '0', 'and let me go', '“so I can go”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '26', 'n1c9', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'you know the service I have given you', 'Jacob is reminding Laban of their contract ([Genesis Gen 29:27](../29/26.md)). The abstract noun “service” can be stated as “served.” Alternate translation: “you know that I have served you long enough” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '27', 'wnz1', '', '', '0', 'Laban said to him', '“Laban said to Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '27', 'f6ny', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'If now I have found favor in your eyes', 'The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “If I have found favor with you” or “If you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '27', 'hl6m', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'found favor', 'This is an idiom that means that someone is approved of by someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '27', 'f5lu', '', '', '0', 'wait, because', '“please stay, because”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '27', 'ww4z', '', '', '0', 'I have learned by using divination', '“I have discovered by my own spiritual and magical practices”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '27', 'nl2u', '', '', '0', 'for your sake', '“because of you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '28', 'unx9', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Name your wages', 'This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “Tell me how much I have to pay to keep you here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '29', 'wk5n', '', '', '0', 'Jacob said to him', '“Jacob said to Laban”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '29', 'va18', '', '', '0', 'how your livestock have fared with me', '“how well your livestock have done since I started taking care of them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '30', 'wm8b', '', '', '0', 'For you had little before I came', '“your herds were small before I worked for you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '30', 'cxf4', '', '', '0', 'and it has increased abundantly', '“but now your wealth has greatly increased”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '30', 'yq88', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Now when will I provide for my own household also?', '“Now when will I take care of my own family?” Jacob uses a question to emphasize that he wants to start providing for his own family. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now I want to take care of my family!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '31', 'guq7', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'What will I pay you', '“What can I pay you” or “What can I give you.” This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “What can I pay you so that you stay and work for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '31', 'p7p2', 'grammar-connect-words-phrases', '', '0', 'If you will do this thing for me', 'The connecting word “But” can be used at the beginning to show that what Jacob is about to say contrasts with what he just said. Alternate translation: “But if you will do this thing for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '31', 'b25k', '', '', '0', 'this thing', 'The phrase “this thing” refers to what Jacob will propose in verse 32.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '31', 'b9ys', '', '', '0', 'feed your flock and keep it', '“feed and take care of your flock”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '32', 'd9j2', '', '', '0', 'removing from it every speckled and spotted sheep, and every black one among the sheep, and the spotted and speckled among the goats', '“and remove every sheep with spots, every black sheep, and every goat with spots”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '32', 'nqn7', '', '', '0', 'These will be my wages', '“This will be the cost of keeping me here”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '33', 'rd2c', 'figs-personification', '', '0', 'My integrity will testify for me later on', 'The word “integrity” means “honesty.” This speaks about integrity as if it were a person who could testify for or against another person. Alternate translation: “And later you will know if I have been honest with you or not” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '33', 'c2ni', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'Every one that is not speckled and spotted among the goats, and black among the sheep, if any are found with me, will be considered to be stolen', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you find any goats without spots or any sheep that are not black, you can consider them stolen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '34', 'uk57', '', '', '0', 'Let it be according to your word', '“Let it be as you say” or “We will do what you have said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '35', 'w5h3', '', '', '0', 'that were striped and spotted', '“that had stripes and spots”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '35', 'vgj7', '', '', '0', 'that were speckled and spotted', '“that had spots”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '35', 'yj5c', '', '', '0', 'every one that had white in it', '“every goat that had some white in it”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '35', 'wxg5', '', '', '0', 'all the black ones among the sheep', '“all the black sheep”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '35', 'kx5r', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'gave them into the hand', 'Here “hand” stands for control or care. Alternate translation: “had his sons take care of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '37', 'q2ef', 'translate-unknown', '', '0', 'fresh poplar…almond…plane tree', 'These are all trees with white wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '37', 'i1xk', '', '', '0', 'peeled white streaks in them, and made the white inner wood appear that was in the sticks', '“peeled off pieces of bark so that the white wood underneath would show”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '38', 'm1gg', '', '', '0', 'the watering troughs', 'long open containers for holding water for animals to drink']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '39', 'w5f7', '', '', '0', 'The flocks bred', '“The animals of the flocks conceived” or “The animals mated”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '39', 'u7ap', '', '', '0', 'produced striped, speckled, and spotted young', '“gave birth to babies with stripes and spots”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '40', 'i58f', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Jacob separated', 'It can be made explicit that this happened over several years. Alternate translation: “During the several years following, Jacob separated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '40', 'ff1z', '', '', '0', 'face toward', '“look toward”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '40', 'y79l', '', '', '0', 'he separated out his flocks for himself alone', '“he set his flocks apart”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '41', 'l916', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'before the eyes of the flock', 'Here the flock’s “eyes” represent the sheep and emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: “so that the flock could see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '41', 's3qy', '', '', '0', 'among the sticks', '“in front of the sticks”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '42', 'sm36', '', '', '0', 'the feebler animals', '“the weaker animals”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '42', 'z6j6', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'So the feebler animals were Laban’s, and the stronger were Jacob’s', '“So the weaker offspring belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring belonged to Jacob.” You can make this even more explicit. Alternate translation: “So the weaker offspring did not have stripes or spots and so belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring did have stripes or spots and so belonged to Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '43', 'qp8n', '', '', '0', 'The man', '“Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '30', '43', 'be3r', '', '', '0', 'became very prosperous', '“greatly prospered” or “became very wealthy”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', 'intro', 'zw5h', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 31 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### God’s blessing
When Jacob left Paddam Aram, he left very wealthy. Despite his punishment of exile from Canaan, God still blessed Jacob and his family. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])

### Household gods
Although a few scholars believe the possession of the household gods was a sign of inheritance, this seems unlikely. It is probable that Rachel believed these idols would bring them “good luck” and would bring them great blessing. This was sinful because they were to trust in Yahweh, who already promised to bless them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### Irony
Laban’s sons complained that Jacob cheated them out of their father’s possessions. It was their father who tried to cheat Jacob out of what he promised to give Jacob. Jacob treated his brother Esau in the same way. Jacob cheated Esau out of their father’s blessing.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '1', 'q6pl', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '1', 'bae1', '', '', '0', 'Jacob heard the words of Laban’s sons, that they said', '“Jacob heard that Laban’s sons were saying”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '1', 'j4tu', 'figs-hyperbole', '', '0', 'Jacob has taken away all that was our father’s', 'Laban’s sons were exaggerating because they were angry. Alternate translation: “Everything that Jacob has taken belonged to our father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '2', 'dj32', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'Jacob saw the look on Laban’s face. He saw that his attitude toward him had changed', 'These two sentences mean basically the same thing. The second explains the look that Jacob saw on Laban’s face. Alternate translation: “Jacob noticed that Laban was no longer pleased with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '3', 'dy3j', '', '', '0', 'your fathers', '“your father Isaac and your grandfather Abraham”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '4', 's242', '', '', '0', 'Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field to his flock', '“Jacob sent for Rachel and Leah and told them to meet him out in the field with the flocks”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '5', 'zwf5', 'figs-sentences', '', '0', 'and said to them', 'You can start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He said to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '5', 'm3hk', '', '', '0', 'I see your father’s attitude toward me has changed', '“I have noticed your father is no longer pleased with me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '6', 'j527', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'You know that it is with all my strength that I have served your father', 'The word “you” here refers to both Rachel and Leah. It also adds emphasis. Alternate translation: “You yourselves know that I have served your father with all my strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '7', 'z2br', '', '', '0', 'has deceived me', '“has lied to me” or “has not treated me fairly”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '7', 'gi9n', '', '', '0', 'my wages', '“what he said he would pay me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '7', 'j7hr', '', '', '0', 'to hurt me', 'Possible meanings are (1) physical harm or (2) to cause Jacob to suffer in any way.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '8', 'czw6', '', '', '0', 'The speckled animals', '“The animals with spots”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '8', 'cah9', '', '', '0', 'the flock bore', '“the flock gave birth to”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '8', 'yfc5', '', '', '0', 'The striped', '“The animals with stripes”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '9', 'z1nb', '', '', '0', 'In this way God has taken away the livestock of your father and given them to me', '“This is how God gave your father’s animals to me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '10', 'ff24', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jacob continues his story to his wives Leah and Rachel.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '10', 'b7lk', '', '', '0', 'Once at the time of breeding season', '“During the breeding season”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '10', 'g7hi', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'mating with the flock', 'Here “flock” represents only the female goats. Alternate translation: “mating with the female goats of the flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '10', 'bp2h', '', '', '0', 'were striped, speckled, and spotted', '“had stripes, little spots, and big spots”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '11', 'sp9t', '', '', '0', 'angel of God', 'Possible meanings are (1) God himself appeared as a man or (2) one of God’s messengers appeared. Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of God,” using the normal word that you use for “angel.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '11', 't3sj', '', '', '0', 'I said', '“And I answered”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '11', 'z5w7', '', '', '0', 'Here I am', '“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?” See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '12', 'qi7z', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The angel of the Lord continues to talk to Jacob ([Genesis 31:10](../31/10.md)).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '12', 'ta2d', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Lift up your eyes', 'This is a way of saying “Look up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '12', 'zf86', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'that are breeding with the flock', 'Here “flock” stands for only the female goats. Alternate translation: “that are breeding with the female goats of the flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '12', 'w88y', '', '', '0', 'are striped, speckled, and spotted', '“have stripes and spots”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '13', 'c737', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'where you anointed a pillar', 'Jacob poured oil on the pillar to dedicate it to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '13', 'qa2q', '', '', '0', 'the land of your birth', '“the land where you were born”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '14', 'bwh9', '', '', '0', 'Rachel and Leah answered and said to him', 'This does not mean they talked at the same time. It emphasizes they agreed with each other.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '14', 'ir9t', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Is there any portion or inheritance for us in our father’s house?', 'Rachel and Leah use a question to emphasize that there is nothing left for their father to give. Alternate translation: “There is absolutely nothing left for us to inherit from our father!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '15', 'sxw7', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Are we not treated by him as foreigners?', 'They use a question to show their anger about how their father treats them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Our father treats us like a foreign women instead of daughters!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '15', 'y7ge', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'For he has sold us', 'This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “He has sold us for his own gain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '15', 'z4i2', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'has also completely devoured our money', 'Laban completely using up the money that he should have given to his daughters is spoken of as if he were a wild beast that ate the money as if it were food. Alternate translation: “he completely used up our money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '16', 'vbk7', '', '', '0', 'are now ours and our children’s', '“belongs to us and to our children”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '16', 'vi8d', '', '', '0', 'Now then', 'Here “Now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '16', 'g6k9', '', '', '0', 'whatever God has said to you, do it', '“do all that God has told you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '17', 'vr3n', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'his sons', 'Jacob took all of his children. It only mentions the sons because they are important as his heirs. Alternate translation: “his children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '18', 'n4b2', '', '', '0', 'He drove all his livestock', '“He drove all his cattle.” Here “livestock” is referring to all his domesticate animals.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '18', 'xzk2', '', '', '0', 'including the livestock he had acquired in Paddan Aram', '“and the other herd of cattle which he took ownership of when he was in Paddan Aram”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '18', 'pgg7', '', '', '0', 'Then he set out to go to his father Isaac in the land of Canaan', '“He went to the land of Canaan, where his father Isaac lived”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '19', 'ct6p', '', '', '0', 'When Laban had gone to shear his sheep', '“When Laban had left to cut the wool off of his sheep”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '21', 'rq4h', '', '', '0', 'the River', 'This refers to the Euphrates River.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '21', 'e57v', '', '', '0', 'headed toward', '“traveled toward”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '21', 'xdn1', '', '', '0', 'the hill country of Gilead', '“the mountains of Gilead” or “Mount Gilead”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '22', 'w2bp', '', '', '0', 'On the third day', 'It was Jewish custom to count the day of departure as day one. Alternate translation: “Two days after they had left”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '22', 'fsz8', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'Laban was told', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone told Laban” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '22', 'rjd6', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'that Jacob had fled', 'Only Jacob is mentioned because he is the leader of the family. It can be made explicit that his family went with him. Alternate translation: “that Jacob had fled with his wives and children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '23', 'v1il', '', '', '0', 'So he took', '“So Laban took”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '23', 'c1wi', '', '', '0', 'pursued him', '“chased after Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '23', 'vs2j', '', '', '0', 'for a seven days’ journey', 'Laban spent seven days walking to catch up to Jacob.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '23', 'x5mw', '', '', '0', 'He overtook him', '“He caught up to him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '24', 'i4gj', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Now God came to Laban the Aramean in a dream at night', 'The word “now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban. Alternate translation: “That night God came to Laban in a dream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '24', 's2du', 'figs-merism', '', '0', 'Be careful that you speak to Jacob neither good nor bad', 'The phrase “good nor bad” are used together to mean “anything.” Alternate translation: “Do not say anything to try and stop Jacob from leaving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '25', 'c3nf', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Laban overtook Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent in the hill country. Laban also camped with his relatives in the hill country of Gilead', 'The word “now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jacob and Laban. Alternate translation: “When Laban caught up with Jacob, Jacob had set up camp in the hill country. Then Laban and his relatives also camped in the hill country of Gilead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '26', 'dg9e', 'figs-simile', '', '0', 'carried away my daughters like prisoners of war', 'Laban speaks about Jacob taking his family with him back to the land of Canaan as if Jacob took them as prisoners after a battle and is forcing them to go with him. Laban is exaggerating because he is angry and is trying to make Jacob feel guilty for what he did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '27', 'a98f', '', '', '0', 'flee secretly', '“run away in secret”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '27', 'g8iz', '', '', '0', 'with celebration', '“with joy”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '27', 'bg4p', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'with tambourine and with harps', 'These instruments stand for music. Alternate translation: “and with music” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '27', 'a23y', 'translate-unknown', '', '0', 'tambourine', 'a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '28', 'esl3', 'figs-gendernotations', '', '0', 'to kiss my grandsons', 'Here “grandsons” would include all grandchildren whether male or female. Alternate translation: “to kiss my grandchildren” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '28', 'cr1s', '', '', '0', 'Now you have done foolishly', '“You have acted foolishly”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '28', 'y6dz', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '29', 'lza8', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'It is in my power to do you harm', 'The word “you” is plural and refers to everyone with Jacob. Alternate translation: “I have enough people with me to harm all of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '29', 'qs6g', 'figs-merism', '', '0', 'Be careful that you speak to Jacob neither good nor bad', 'The words “good nor bad” are used together to mean “anything.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 31:24](../31/24.md). Alternate translation: “Do not say anything to try and stop Jacob from leaving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '30', 'bz9g', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'you have gone away', 'This “you” is singular and refers to Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '30', 'f8iz', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'to your father’s house', 'Here “house” stands for family. Alternate translation: “to be home with your father and the rest of your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '30', 'e3jc', '', '', '0', 'my gods', '“my idols”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '31', 'qd9f', '', '', '0', 'Because I was afraid and thought that you would take your daughters from me by force I left secretly', '“I left in secret because I was afraid that you would take your daughters from me by force”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '32', 'e35z', 'figs-litotes', '', '0', 'Whoever has stolen your gods will not continue to live', 'This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “We will kill whoever has stolen your gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '32', 'zh3x', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'In the presence of our relatives', 'The word “our” refers to Jacob’s relatives and includes Laban’s relatives. All the relatives will watch to make sure everything is fair and honest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '32', 'l4l6', '', '', '0', 'identify whatever with me is yours and take it', '“look for whatever we have that is yours and take it”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '32', 'mjz6', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'For Jacob did not know that Rachel had stolen them', 'This changes from the story to background information about Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '33', 'rd4w', '', '', '0', 'the two female servants', 'This refers to Zilpah and Bilhah.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '33', 'f3n9', '', '', '0', 'he did not find them', '“he did not find his idols”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '34', 's5c7', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Now Rachel…upon them', 'The word “now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Rachel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '34', 'j5k2', '', '', '0', 'saddle', 'a seat placed on the back of an animal so a person can ride on it']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '35', 'cd8t', '', '', '0', 'my master', 'Calling someone “my master” is a way of honoring them.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '35', 'h3tw', '', '', '0', 'that I cannot stand up before you', '“because I am unable to stand up in your presence”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '35', 'rx2l', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'for I am having my period', 'This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '36', 'ka2t', '', '', '0', 'He said to him', '“Jacob said to Laban”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '36', 'wcv8', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'What is my offense? What is my sin, that you have hotly pursued after me?', 'The phrases “What is my offense” and “What is my sin” mean basically the same thing. Jacob is asking Laban to tell him what he did wrong. Alternate translation: “What have I done wrong that you should pursue me like this?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '36', 'rd64', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'hotly pursued after me', 'Here the word “hotly” means Laban urgently chased Jacob intending to capture him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '37', 'lf9u', '', '', '0', 'What have you found of all your household goods?', '“What have you found that belongs to you?”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '37', 'jgu5', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'Set them here before our relatives', 'Here the word “our” refers to Jacob’s relatives and includes Laban’s relatives. Alternate translation: “Lay anything you have found in front of our relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '37', 'q8tg', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'they may judge between us two', 'Here “two of us” refers to Jacob and Laban. The phrase “to judge between” means to decide which person is right in a dispute. Alternate translation: “they may judge between the two of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '38', 'l12d', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jacob continues to speak to Laban.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '38', 'a2zw', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'twenty years', '“20 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '38', 'rum5', '', '', '0', 'ewes', 'female sheep']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '38', 'lk1u', '', '', '0', 'have not miscarried', 'This means they have not had a pregnancy end early and unexpectedly with the lamb or kid born dead.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '39', 'kc4z', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'What was torn by beasts I did not bring to you', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When a wild animal killed one of your animals I did not bring it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '39', 'ji5d', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Instead, I bore the loss of it', 'For Jacob to count Laban’s dead animals as a loss from his own flock is spoken of as if it was a burden he would bear on his shoulders. Alternate translation: “Instead of counting it a loss from your flock, I counted it as a loss from my flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '40', 'tf6f', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'There I was; in the day the heat consumed me, and the frost by night', 'Suffering in the hot and cold temperatures is spoken of as if the temperatures were animals that were eating Jacob. Alternate translation: “I stayed with your flocks even during hottest part of the day and the coldest part of the night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '41', 'gx9i', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jacob continues to speak to Laban.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '41', 'j81s', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'These twenty years', '“These last 20 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '41', 'l5lt', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'fourteen years', '“14 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '41', 'w1k8', '', '', '0', 'changed my wages ten times', '“changed what he said he would pay me ten times.” See how you translated “my wages” in [Genesis 31:7](../31/07.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '42', 'hcc4', '', '', '0', 'Unless the God of my father, the God of Abraham, and the one Isaac fears, had been with me', 'Jacob is referring to the same God not to three different gods. Alternate translation: “If the God of Abraham and Isaac, my father, had not been with me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '42', 'fy4h', '', '', '0', 'the God of my father', 'Here the word “father” refers to his parent, Isaac.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '42', 'v1d1', '', '', '0', 'the one Isaac fears', 'Here the word “fears” refers to the “fear of Yahweh,” which means to deeply respect him and show that respect by obeying him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '42', 'tin2', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'empty-handed', 'This stands for having nothing. Alternate translation: “with absolutely nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '42', 'eqx1', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'God has seen my oppression and how hard I worked', 'The abstract noun “oppression” can be stated as “oppressed.” Alternate translation: “God has seen how hard I worked and how you oppressed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '43', 'ah9n', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'But what can I do today to these my daughters, or to their children whom they have borne?', 'Laban uses a question to emphasize that there is nothing he can do. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “But, there is nothing I can do to bring my daughters and grandchildren back with me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '44', 'pm7d', 'figs-personification', '', '0', 'let it be for a witness', 'Here the word “witness” does not refer to a person, but it is used figuratively and refers to the covenant that Jacob and Laban are making. The covenant is spoken of as if it were a person who is there when they agree to act peacefully to one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '45', 'q2sh', '', '', '0', 'pillar', 'This means that a large stone was simply set up on its end to mark the place where this important event happened.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '46', 'mz54', '', '', '0', 'made a pile', '“stacked them on top of each other”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '46', 'c4fm', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Then they ate there by the pile', 'Eating a meal together was a part of making the covenant with one another. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '47', 'grz7', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Jegar Saha Dutha', 'Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Jegar Saha Dutha means ‘heap of witness’ in Laban’s language.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '47', 'tn6r', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Galeed', 'Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Galeed means ‘heap of witness’ in Jacob’s language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '48', 'y6zl', 'figs-personification', '', '0', 'This pile is a witness between me and you', 'The stones do not actually bear witness as a person. Alternate translation: “This pile will be a reminder between me and you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '48', 'f3tt', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Galeed', 'Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Galeed means ‘heap of witness’ in Jacob’s language. See how you translated this in [Genesis 31:47](../31/47.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '49', 'd4iu', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Mizpah', 'Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Mizpah means ‘watchtower.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '49', 'ip35', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'when we are out of sight one from another', 'Here “out of sight” stands for no longer being in each other’s presence. Alternate translation: “when we are no longer with each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '50', 'e3ip', '', '', '0', 'although no one else is with us', 'Here “us” refers to Laban and Jacob. Alternate translation: “even if no one else is there to see us”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '50', 'h365', '', '', '0', 'see', '“look” or “remember” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '52', 'jh98', 'figs-personification', '', '0', 'This pile is a witness, and the pillar is a witness', 'These piles of stones were to act as a remembrance and a boundary marker for Jacob and Laban regarding their peace agreement. They are spoken of as if they are human witnesses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '53', 'zmt6', '', '', '0', 'May the God of Abraham, and the god of Nahor, the gods of their father, judge between us', 'Abraham is Jacob’s grandfather. Nahor is Laban’s grandfather. The father of Abraham and Nahor is Terah. Not all of them worshipped Yahweh.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '53', 'r6hl', '', '', '0', 'the Fear of his father Isaac', 'Here the word “Fear” refers to Yahweh, who Isaac deeply respected and showed that respect by obeying him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '54', 'fmy2', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'called his relatives to eat a meal', 'Eating a meal together was part of making the covenant with one another. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '55', 'w76k', '', '', '0', 'Early in the morning…returned home', 'Verse 55 is the first verse of chapter 32 in the original Hebrew text, but the last verse of chapter 31 in most modern Bibles. We suggest that you follow the numbering of Bibles in your national language.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '31', '55', 'kif6', '', '', '0', 'blessed', 'This means expressing a desire for positive and beneficial things to happen to someone.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', 'intro', 'udr3', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 32 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Jacob does not trust Yahweh
Jacob does not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he fears that his brother Esau could kill him and his family. He should have known that Yahweh would continue to bless him and protect his family. He should have trusted in Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])

### Name change

In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person’s life. The return of Jacob to Canaan was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people.

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “A man wrestled with him”
Scholars are divided over the identity of the person Jacob wrestled with. It was probably an angel, but some believe he wrestled with Jesus before he came to earth. The translator will probably have difficulty trying to keep ambiguity in identifying this individual because the word “man” usually indicates a normal, living person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '2', 'fr1q', '', '', '0', 'Mahanaim', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Mahanaim means ‘two camps.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '3', 'f84p', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Seir', 'This is a mountainous area in the region of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '4', 'ayv1', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'This is what you will say to my master Esau: This is what your servant Jacob says: ‘I have been…have delayed my return until now.', 'This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “‘This is what I want you to tell my master Esau. Tell him that I have been…have delayed my return until now.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '4', 'n3lr', '', '', '0', 'my master Esau', 'Jacob is using polite language and refers to his brother as “my master.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '4', 'y932', '', '', '0', 'your servant Jacob', 'Jacob is using polite language and refers to himself as “your servant.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '5', 'ne7y', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'I have oxen…in your eyes.', 'This continues the quotation within a quotation that begins with the words “I have been” in verse 4. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. “This is what I want you to tell my master Esau. Tell him that I have been…Tell him that I have oxen…in his eyes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '5', 'vi1k', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'that I may find favor in your eyes', 'When a person finds favor in the eyes of another, the second person approves of the first person. Here “eyes” are a metonym for the person seeing something, and seeing a person is a metaphor for deciding whether what that person sees is good or bad. Alternate translation: “that you may approve of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '6', 'h954', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'four hundred men', '“400 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '7', 'ra4u', '', '', '0', 'afraid', 'This refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '7', 'e2dk', '', '', '0', 'upset', 'distressed, troubled']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '8', 'n1e3', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'to one camp and attacks it, then the camp that is left will escape', 'Here “camp” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “to attack the people in one camp, then the people in the other camp will escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '9', 'fdw7', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, Yahweh', 'This does not refer to different gods, but to the one God they all worship. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who is God of my grandfather Abraham and my father Isaac” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '9', 'c3nw', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'Yahweh, who said to me, ‘Return to your country and to your kindred, and I will prosper you,’', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you who said that I should return to my country and to my kindred, and that you would prosper me,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '9', 'ah51', '', '', '0', 'to your kindred', '“to your family”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '9', 'v7p9', '', '', '0', 'I will prosper you', '“I will do good for you” or “I will treat you well”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '10', 'i1jg', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'I am not worthy of all your acts of covenant faithfulness and of all the trustworthiness that you have done for your servant', 'The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “loyal.” Alternate translation: “I do not deserve for you to remain faithful to your covenant or for you to be loyal to me, your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '10', 'gfq5', '', '', '0', 'your servant', 'This is a polite way of saying “me.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '10', 'ri5t', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'now I have become two camps', 'Here the phrase “I have become” is an idiom meaning what he now possesses. Alternate translation: “and now I have enough people, flocks, and possessions with me to make two camps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '11', 'b4a5', '', '', '0', 'rescue me', '“save me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '11', 'b2lt', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau', 'Here the word “hand” refers to power. The two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second clarifies that the brother whom Jacob intended was Esau. Alternate translation: “from the power of my brother, Esau” or “from my brother, Esau” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '11', 'amt5', '', '', '0', 'I am afraid of him, that he will', '“I am afraid that he will”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '12', 'x5kw', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'But you said, ‘I will certainly make you prosper. I will make your descendants…number.’', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “But you said that you would certainly prosper me, and that you would make my descendants…number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '12', 'w429', '', '', '0', 'make you prosper', '“do good to you” or “treat you well”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '12', 'n5pn', 'figs-simile', '', '0', 'I will make your descendants like the sand of the sea', 'This speaks about the very large number of Jacob’s descendants as if their number will be like the grains of sand on the seashore. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '12', 'bc4t', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'which cannot be numbered for their number', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which no one can count because of their number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '14', 'zj6f', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'two hundred', '“200” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '14', 'a35f', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'twenty', '“20” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '15', 'ew39', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'thirty…forty…ten', '“30…40…10” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '15', 'k3iy', '', '', '0', 'their colts', '“their young”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '16', 'il9n', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'These he gave into the hand of his servants, every herd by itself', 'Here “into the hand” means to give control over them. Alternate translation: “He divided them into small herds, and gave each of his servants control over one herd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '16', 'hh9w', '', '', '0', 'put a space between each of the herds', '“let each herd travel at a distance from the other herds”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '17', 'ti5k', '', '', '0', 'He instructed', '“He commanded”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '17', 'h449', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'asks you…that are in front of you?’', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “asks you who your master is, where you are going, and who owns these animals that are ahead of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '17', 'lnl5', '', '', '0', 'To whom do you belong?', '“Who is your master?”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '17', 'hl31', '', '', '0', 'Whose animals are these that are in front of you?', '“Who owns these animals that are in front of you?”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '18', 'e7wd', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'Then you will say, ‘They are your servant Jacob’s. They are a gift sent to my master Esau. See, he is also coming after us.’', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Then I want you to tell him that all of these things belong to Jacob, his servant, and he his giving them to his master, Esau. And tell him that Jacob is on the way to meet him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '18', 'i8qf', '', '', '0', 'your servant Jacob’s', 'Jacob is referring to himself in a polite way as Esau’s servant.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '18', 'nk58', '', '', '0', 'to my master Esau', 'Jacob is referring to Esau is a polite way as his master.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '18', 'a5zw', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'coming after us', 'Here “us” refers to the servant speaking and the other servants bringing herds to Esau. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '19', 'mb2s', '', '', '0', 'gave instructions to the second group', '“commanded the second group”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '20', 'l71w', '', '', '0', 'You must also say, ‘Your servant Jacob', 'Possible meanings are (1) “You will say also, ‘Your servant Jacob’” or (2) “You will say, ‘Also, Your servant Jacob.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '20', 'kth9', '', '', '0', 'I will appease him', '“I will calm him down” or “I will make his anger go away”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '20', 'fz2r', '', '', '0', 'he will receive me', '“he will welcome me kindly”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '21', 'mgp1', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'So the gifts went on ahead of him', 'Here “gifts” stands for the servants taking the gifts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '21', 'bet5', 'figs-rpronouns', '', '0', 'He himself stayed', 'Here “himself” emphasizes that Jacob did not go with the servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '22', 'ak58', '', '', '0', 'his two women servants', '“his two servant wives.” This means Zilpah and Bilhah.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '22', 'ts8h', '', '', '0', 'ford', 'a shallow place in a river that is easy to cross']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '22', 'tkp8', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Jabbok', 'This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '23', 'uu6x', '', '', '0', 'all his possessions', '“all that he had”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '24', 'ui74', '', '', '0', 'until daybreak', '“until dawn”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '25', 'ugk7', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'Jacob’s hip was dislocated as he wrestled with him', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The man injured Jacob’s hip as he wrestled with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '25', 'f6zk', '', '', '0', 'hip', 'the place where the upper leg bone connects to the hip']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '26', 'wh2x', '', '', '0', 'for the dawn is breaking', '“the sun will rise soon”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '26', 'hd6q', '', '', '0', 'bless', 'Here “bless” means to pronounce a formal blessing on someone and to cause good things to happen to that person.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '26', 'pb6k', 'figs-doublenegatives', '', '0', 'I will not let you go unless you bless me', 'This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Absolutely not! You must bless me first, then I will let you go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '28', 'a2ft', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Israel', 'Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Israel means ‘He struggles with God.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '28', 'kel8', '', '', '0', 'with men', 'Here “men” means “people” in general.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '29', 'if16', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'He said, “Why is it that you ask my name?”', '“He said, ‘Why would you ask about my name?’” This rhetorical question was meant to shock, rebuke and cause Jacob to ponder over what just happened between him and the other man he just wrestled with. Alternate translation: “Do not ask me for my name!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '30', 'm49w', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Peniel', 'Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Peniel means ‘the face of God.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '30', 'n4r1', '', '', '0', 'face to face', 'Being “face to face” means that two people are seeing each other in person, at a close distance.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '30', 'p6dk', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'and my life is delivered', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “yet he spared my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '32', 'v4a5', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'That is why to this day', 'This marks a change from the story to background information about the descendants of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '32', 'n4af', '', '', '0', 'to this day', 'This means to the day that the author was writing this.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '32', 't93f', '', '', '0', 'ligaments of the hip', 'This refers to the muscle that connects the thigh bone to the thigh socket.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '32', 'l5px', '', '', '0', 'hip joint', '“thigh socket”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '32', '32', 'j363', '', '', '0', 'while dislocating', '“while striking”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', 'intro', 'tc2t', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 33 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Jacob’s fear
Jacob feared his brother. He showed Esau great respect and sought to protect his family from Esau’s power. He did not fear and trust Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

### Favoritism
Jacob showed favoritism towards Rachel and Joseph. He arranged the family according to those he loved the most. Rachel and Joseph were the most protected from a potential attack by Esau. He would have rather had everyone else die, in order to spare their lives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '1', 'ck16', '', '', '0', 'behold', 'The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to a surprising new part of the story.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '1', 'c4ai', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'four hundred men', '“400 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '1', 'lqj5', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Jacob divided the children…female servants', 'This does not mean Jacob divided the children evenly so that each woman had the same amount of children with her. Jacob divided the children so that each one went with his or her mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '1', 'h467', '', '', '0', 'female servants', '“servant wives.” This refers to Bilhah and Zilpah.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '3', 'f927', 'figs-rpronouns', '', '0', 'He himself went on ahead of them', 'Here “himself” emphasizes that Jacob went alone in front of the others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '3', 'prz6', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'He bowed', 'Here the word “bow” means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '4', 'xq93', '', '', '0', 'meet him', '“meet Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '4', 'ptu7', '', '', '0', 'embraced him, hugged his neck, and kissed him', 'This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Esau put his arms around Jacob, hugged him, and kissed him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '4', 'd91x', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Then they wept', 'This can be translated more explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then Esau and Jacob cried because they were happy to see each other again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '5', 'bni9', '', '', '0', 'he saw the women and the children', '“he saw the women and children who were with Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '5', 'n88j', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'The children whom God has graciously given your servant', 'The phrase “your servant” is a polite way for Jacob to refer to himself. Alternate translation: “These are the children God has kindly given me, your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '6', 'huv5', '', '', '0', 'female servants', '“servant wives.” This refers to Bilhah and Zilpah.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '6', 'ndg7', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'bowed down', 'This is a sign of humility and respect before another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '8', 'xl2u', '', '', '0', 'What do you mean by all these groups that I met?', 'The phrase “all these groups” refers to the groups of servants that Jacob sent to give gifts to Esau. Alternate translation: “Why did you send all of those different groups to meet me?”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '8', 'p6x8', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'To find favor in the sight of my master', 'The phrase “find favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “So that you, my master, would be pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '8', 'b54p', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'my master', 'The phrase “my master” is a polite way of referring to Esau. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '9', 'fvu3', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'I have enough', 'The word “animals” or “property” is understood. Alternate translation: “I have enough animals” or “I have enough property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '10', 'c8jk', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'if I have found favor in your eyes', 'The phrase “found favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “if you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '10', 'g919', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'my gift from my hand', 'Here “hand” refers to Jacob. Alternate translation: “this gift that I am giving to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '10', 'cv9s', '', '', '0', 'my hand, for indeed', 'This can be translated as a new sentence: “my hand. For certainly”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '10', 'qp99', 'figs-simile', '', '0', 'I have seen your face, and it is like seeing the face of God', 'The meaning of this simile is unclear. Possible meanings are (1) Jacob is happy that Esau has forgiven him like God has forgiven him or (2) Jacob is amazed to see his brother again like he was amazed to see God or (3) Jacob is humbled to be in Esau’s presence like he was humbled to be in God’s presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '10', 'ni5g', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'I have seen your face', 'Here “face” stands for Esau. It may be best to translate as “face” because of the importance of the word “face” here with “face of God” and “face to face” in [Genesis 32:30](../32/30.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '11', 'i3ez', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'that was brought to you', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that my servants brought to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '11', 'c581', '', '', '0', 'God has dealt graciously with me', '“God has treated me very well” or “God has blessed me very much”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '11', 'r6mp', '', '', '0', 'Thus Jacob urged him, and Esau accepted it', 'It was customary to refuse a gift first, but then to accept the gift before the giver was offended.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '13', 'j3jv', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'My master knows', 'This is a polite and formal way of referring to Esau. Alternate translation: “You, my master, know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '13', 'k72p', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'the children are young', 'The meaning can be stated more explicitly. Alternate translation: “the children are too young to travel fast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '13', 'lzl5', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'If they are driven hard even one day', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If we force them to go too fast even for one day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '14', 'be6w', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'Please let my master go on ahead of his servant', 'This is a polite and formal way of Jacob referring to himself. Alternate translation: “My lord, I am your servant. Please go ahead of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '14', 'k77x', '', '', '0', 'at the pace of the livestock that are before me', '“at the speed the animals I am looking after can go”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '14', 'he5j', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Seir', 'This is a mountainous area in the region of Edom. See how you translated this in [Genesis 32:3](../32/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '15', 'e3u2', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Why do that?', 'Jacob uses a question to emphasize that Esau does not need to leave men. Alternate translation: “Do not do that!” or “You do not need to do that!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '15', 'rl9k', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'my lord', 'This is a polite and formal way of referring to Esau. Alternate translation: “you, my lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '17', 'k3g6', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Succoth', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says, “The name Succoth means ‘shelters.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '17', 'k4xa', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'built himself a house', 'It is implied that the house is also for his family. Alternate translation: “built a house for himself and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '17', 'ykg8', '', '', '0', 'for his livestock', '“for the animals he looked after”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '18', 'yt2u', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'This starts a new part of the story. The author describes what Jacob did after he rested in Succoth.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '18', 'jve3', '', '', '0', 'When Jacob came from Paddan Aram', '“After Jacob left Paddan Aram”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '18', 'qr2k', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'When Jacob…he arrived…He camped', 'This only mentions Jacob because he is the leader of the family. It is implied that his family was with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '18', 'rx3s', '', '', '0', 'He camped near', '“He set up his camp near”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '19', 'a6wu', '', '', '0', 'piece of ground', '“piece of land”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '19', 'xu69', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Hamor', 'This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '19', 'y9i5', '', '', '0', 'Shechem’s father', 'Shechem is the name of a city and the name of a man.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '19', 'kh7z', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'a hundred', '“100” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '33', '20', 'ps43', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'El Elohe Israel', 'Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name El Elohe Israel means ‘God, the God of Israel.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', 'intro', 'gv6g', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 34 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Israel
Jacob’s name was changed to Israel. It is his descendants who inherited the promised blessings given to him and to Isaac and Abraham. This is the first time his descendants are collectively referred to as the people group Israel. The people group Israel is identified through the covenant of circumcision. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### Implicit information
Jacob’s reacted to the rape of Dinah with indifference. This is possibly because she was not a daughter of Rachel. His reaction was both unwise and improper. This action brought shame on the whole family. Therefore, Jacob’s sons corrected this wrong and plotted against Hamor and Shechem.

Shechem raped Dinah, but then he said he loved her. By raping her, he ensured that no one else would want to marry her. This is not love. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '1', 'g89z', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'Here this word is used to mark a new part of the story.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '1', 'q1ki', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Dinah', 'This is the name of Leah’s daughter. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 30:21](../30/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '2', 'y29n', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the Hivite', 'This is the name of a people group. See how you translated the similar word “Hivites” in [Genesis 10:17](../10/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '2', 'x58u', '', '', '0', 'the prince of the land', 'This is referring to Hamor not Shechem. Also, “prince” here does not mean son of a king. It means Hamor was the leader of the people in that area.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '2', 'hx1e', 'figs-hendiadys', '', '0', 'He took her and lay with her', 'Possible meanings are (1) “took” and “lay with” are two separate actions. Alternate translation: “he grabbed her and had sexual relations with her” or (2) “took” and “lay with” are a hendiadys, two words used to describe one action, Alternate translation: “raped her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '2', 'mrp5', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'lay with her', 'This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '3', 'd96a', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'He was drawn to Dinah', '“He was very attracted to her.” This speaks about Shechem loving Dinah and wanting to be with her as if something were forcing him to come to Dinah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He wanted very much to be with Dinah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '3', 'bz11', '', '', '0', 'spoke tenderly to her', 'He tried to convince her that he loved her and that he wanted her to love him also.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '5', 'wy9t', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Now Jacob', '“Now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '5', 'k25j', '', '', '0', 'Jacob heard that he', 'The word “he” refers to Shechem.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '5', 'mp97', '', '', '0', 'he had defiled', 'This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '5', 'sk45', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'held his peace', 'This is a way of saying that Jacob did not say or do anything about the matter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '6', 'r1kg', '', '', '0', 'Hamor…went out to Jacob', '“Hamor…went to meet Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '7', 'yd2w', '', '', '0', 'The men were offended', '“The men were very insulted” or “They were shocked”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '7', 'xe5r', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'he had disgraced Israel', 'Here the word “Israel” refers to every member of Jacob’s family. Israel as a people group was disgraced. Alternate translation: “he had humiliated the family of Israel” or “he had brought shame on the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '7', 'wki8', '', '', '0', 'lying with Jacob’s daughter', '“having sexual relations with Jacob’s daughter”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '7', 'ud6t', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'for such a thing should not have been done', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for he should not have done such a terrible thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '8', 'ud45', '', '', '0', 'Hamor spoke with them', '“Hamor spoke with Jacob and his sons”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '8', 'q43r', '', '', '0', 'loves your daughter', 'Here the word “love” refers to romantic love between a man and a woman. Alternate translation: “loves her and wants to marry her”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '8', 'gx32', '', '', '0', 'give her to him as a wife', 'In some cultures, the parents decide whom their children will marry.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '9', 'ec6v', '', '', '0', 'Intermarry with us', 'To intermarry is to marry a member of a different racial, social, religious or tribal group. Alternate translation: “Allow marriages between your people and ours”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '10', 'pv18', '', '', '0', 'the land will be open to you', '“the land will be available to you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '11', 'x9iz', '', '', '0', 'Shechem said to her father', '“Shechem said to Dinah’s father Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '11', 'gev1', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Let me find favor in your eyes, and whatever you tell me I will give', 'The phrase “find favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “If you will approve of me, then I will give you whatever you ask” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '12', 'w7wc', '', '', '0', 'bride price', 'In some cultures, it is customary for a man to give money, property, cattle, and other gifts to the bride’s family at the time of marriage.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '13', 'h21q', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'The sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father with deceit', 'The abstract noun “deceit” can be stated as the verb “lied.” Alternate translation: “But the sons of Jacob lied to Shechem and Hamor when they answered them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '13', 'uxy5', '', '', '0', 'Shechem had defiled Dinah', 'This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him. See how you translated “defiled” in [Genesis 34:5](../34/05.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '14', 'un4d', '', '', '0', 'They said to them', '“Jacob’s sons said to Shechem and Hamor”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '14', 'yku7', '', '', '0', 'We cannot do this thing, to give our sister', '“We cannot agree to give Dinah in marriage”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '14', 'c7ml', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'for that would be a disgrace to us', '“for that would cause us shame.” Here “us” refers to Jacob’s sons and all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '16', 'w7nl', '', '', '0', 'give our daughters to you…take your daughters to ourselves', 'This means they will allow a person from Jacob’s family to marry a person who lives in Hamor’s land.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '18', 'vm37', '', '', '0', 'Their words pleased Hamor and his son Shechem', '“Hamor and his son Shechem agreed with what Jacob’s sons said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '19', 'yza5', '', '', '0', 'to do what they said', '“to become circumcised”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '19', 'vjf5', '', '', '0', 'Jacob’s daughter', '“Jacob’s daughter Dinah”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '19', 've5w', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'because he was the most honored person in all his father’s household', 'This can be translated as a new sentence. It can be made explicit that Shechem knew the other men would agree to be circumcised because they greatly respected him. Alternate translation: “Shechem knew all the men in his father’s household would agree with him because he was the most honored among them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '20', 'bl5k', '', '', '0', 'the gate of their city', 'It was common for leaders to meet at the city gate to make official decisions.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '21', 'ub3p', '', '', '0', 'These men', '“Jacob, his sons, and the people of Israel”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '21', 'gg84', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'peace with us', 'Here “us” includes Hamor, his son and all the people they spoke with at the city gate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '21', 'peg8', '', '', '0', 'let them live in the land and trade in it', '“let them live and trade in the land”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '21', 'qgk2', '', '', '0', 'for, really, the land is large enough for them', 'Shechem uses the word “really” to add emphasis to his statement. “because, certainly, the land is large enough for them” or “because, indeed, there is plenty of land for them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '21', 'i8u8', '', '', '0', 'take their daughters…give them our daughters', 'This refers to marriages between the women of one group and the men of the other group. See how you translated similar phrases in [Genesis 34:9](../34/09.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '22', 'pyn5', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Hamor and Shechem his son continue to talk to the city elders.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '22', 'g2kq', '', '', '0', 'Only on this condition will the men agree to live with us and become one people: If every male among us is circumcised, as they are circumcised', '“Only if every man among us is circumcised, as the men of Israel are circumcised, will they agree to live among us and unite with us as one people”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '23', 'n7gu', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Will not their livestock and their property—all their animals be ours?', 'Shechem uses a question to emphasize that Jacob’s livestock and property will belong to the people of Shechem. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “All of their animals and property will be ours.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '24', 'm2ft', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'Every male was circumcised', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So Hamor and Shechem had someone circumcise all the men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '25', 'xfn1', 'translate-ordinal', '', '0', 'On the third day', '“third” is the ordinal number for three. It can be stated without the ordinal number. Alternate translation: “After two days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '25', 'w2yp', '', '', '0', 'when they were still in pain', '“when the men of the city were still in pain”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '25', 'usz1', '', '', '0', 'each took his sword', '“took their swords”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '25', 'p39e', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'they attacked the city', 'Here “city” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “they attacked the people of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '25', 'cm25', '', '', '0', 'security, and they killed all the males', 'This can be translated as a new sentence. “security. Simeon and Levi killed all the men of the city”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '27', 'jn2q', '', '', '0', 'the dead bodies', '“the dead bodies of Hamor, Shechem, and their men”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '27', 'r6r4', '', '', '0', 'looted the city', '“stole everything in the city that was valuable”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '27', 'dr6w', '', '', '0', 'because the people had defiled their sister', 'Shechem alone had defiled Dinah, but Jacob’s sons considered Shechem’s entire family and everyone in the city responsible for this act.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '27', 'gep2', '', '', '0', 'had defiled', 'This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him. See how you translated “defiled” in [Genesis 34:5](../34/05.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '28', 'ikb2', '', '', '0', 'They took their flocks', '“Jacob’s sons took the people’s flocks”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '29', 'u4y1', '', '', '0', 'all their wealth', '“all their possessions and money”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '29', 'lb76', '', '', '0', 'All their children and their wives, they captured', '“They captured all their children and wives”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '30', 'tk7q', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'brought trouble on me', 'Causing someone to experience trouble is spoken of as if trouble were an object that is brought and placed on a person. Alternate translation: “caused great problems for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '30', 'g5qj', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'to make me stink to the inhabitants of the land', 'Causing the people in the surrounding areas to hate Jacob is spoken of as if Jacob’s sons made him smell bad physically. This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “You have made me repulsive to the people who live in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '30', 'di4j', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'I am few in number…against me and attack me, then I will be destroyed, I and my household', 'Here the words “I” and “me” refer to all of Jacob’s household. Jacob only says “I” or “me” since he is the leader. Alternate translation: “My household is small…against us and attack us, then they will destroy all of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '30', 'f8i3', '', '', '0', 'gather themselves together against me and attack me', '“form an army and attack me” or “form an army and attack us”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '30', 'pr2b', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'then I will be destroyed', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will destroy me” or “they will destroy us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '34', '31', 'l9v7', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Should Shechem have dealt with our sister as with a prostitute?', 'Simeon and Levi use a question to emphasize that Shechem did what was wrong and deserved to die. Alternate translation: “Shechem should not have treated our sister as if she were a prostitute!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', 'intro', 'r5b3', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 35 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Name change

In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person’s life. The return of Jacob to Canaan was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people.

### Covenant
The covenant God made with Abraham is repeated here. It indicates that all of Jacob’s descendants will inherit the promises of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '1', 'm48u', '', '', '0', 'go up to Bethel', 'The phrase “go up” is used because Bethel is higher in elevation than Shechem.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '1', 'a7yt', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'Build an altar there to God', 'God speaks about himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “Build an altar there to me, your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '2', 'zm9p', '', '', '0', 'said to his household', '“said to his family”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '2', 's6f2', '', '', '0', 'Put away the foreign gods that are among you', '“Throw away your idols” or “Get rid of your false gods”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '2', 'ke2n', '', '', '0', 'purify yourselves, and change your clothes', 'This was the custom of cleansing oneself morally and physically before going to worship God.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '2', 'p78p', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'change your clothes', 'Putting on a new clothes was a sign that they had made themselves clean before approaching God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '3', 'uv67', '', '', '0', 'in the day of my distress', '“in the time of my distress” or “when I was in trouble”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '4', 'k9aj', '', '', '0', 'So they gave', '“so everyone in Jacob’s household gave” or “so all of his family and servants gave”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '4', 'v6i9', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'that were in their hand', 'Here “in their hand” stands for what they own. Alternate translation: “that were in their possession” or “that they had” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '4', 'q9se', '', '', '0', 'the rings that were in their ears', '“their earrings.” Possible meanings are (1) the gold in the earrings could have been used to make more idols or (2) they took these earrings from the city of Shechem after they attacked it and killed all the people. The earrings would have reminded them of their sin.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '5', 'kv2s', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'God made panic to fall on the cities', 'God causing the people of the cities to be afraid of Jacob and his family is spoken of as if panic were an object that fell on the cities. The abstract noun “panic” can be stated as “afraid.” Alternate translation: “God made the people in the surrounding cities afraid of Jacob and those with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '5', 'nn7z', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'on the cities', 'Here “cities” stands for the people who live in the cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '5', 'gee5', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'the sons of Jacob', 'It is implied that no one attacked anyone in Jacob’s family. But two of the sons, Simeon and Levi had attacked the Canaanites relatives of Shechem after he seized and slept with Jacob’s daughter. Jacob was afraid they would seek revenge in [Genesis 34:30](../34/30.md). Alternate translation: “Jacob’s family” or “Jacob’s household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '6', 'ex8u', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Luz', 'This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Genesis 28:19](../28/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '7', 'ku6t', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'El Bethel', 'Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name El Bethel means ‘God of Bethel.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '7', 'i3c5', '', '', '0', 'there God had revealed himself to him', '“there God made himself known to Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '8', 'bz6e', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Deborah', 'This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '8', 'xvy6', '', '', '0', 'Rebekah’s nurse', 'A nurse is a woman who takes care of another woman’s child. The nurse was highly honored and important to the family.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '8', 'je7d', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'She was buried down from Bethel', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They buried her down from Bethel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '8', 'v837', '', '', '0', 'down from Bethel', 'The phrase “down from” is used because they buried her in a place that was lower in elevation than Bethel.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '8', 'cv5c', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Allon Bakuth', 'Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Allon Bakuth means ‘Oak tree where there is weeping.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '9', 'sbc1', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'When Jacob came from Paddan Aram', 'It can be made explicit that they were in Bethel. Alternate translation: “After Jacob left Paddan Aram, and while he was in Bethel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '9', 'x1ha', '', '', '0', 'blessed', 'Here “bless” means to pronounce a formal blessing on someone and to cause good things to happen to that person.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '10', 'z15l', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'but your name will no longer be called Jacob', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but your name will no longer be Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '11', 'i7mm', '', '', '0', 'God said to him', '“God said to Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '11', 'z2vl', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'Be fruitful and multiply', 'God told Jacob to produce children so that there would be many of them. The word “multiply” explains how he was to be “fruitful.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:22](../01/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '11', 'p3b2', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'A nation and a company of nations will come from you', 'Here “nation” and “nations” refer to Jacob’s descendants who will establish these nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '13', 'ev4e', '', '', '0', 'God went up from him', 'Here “went up” is used because where God dwells is typically thought of as being up or above the world. Alternate translation: “God left him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '14', 'b5hy', '', '', '0', 'pillar', 'This is a memorial pillar which was simply a large stone or boulder set up on its end.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '14', 'epr5', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'He poured out a drink offering over it and poured oil on it', 'This is a sign that he is dedicating the pillar to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '15', 'j65s', '', '', '0', 'Bethel', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Bethel means ‘house of God.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '16', 'ap5k', '', '', '0', 'Ephrath', 'This is another name for the town of Bethlehem.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '16', 'vy4h', '', '', '0', 'She had hard labor', '“She was having a very difficult time giving birth to the child”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '17', 'x4mh', '', '', '0', 'While she was in hardest labor', '“When the labor pain was at its worst”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '17', 's3cm', '', '', '0', 'midwife', 'a person who helps a woman when she is giving birth to a child']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '18', 'hn3n', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'As she was dying, with her dying breath', 'A “dying breath” is a person’s last breath before he or she dies. Alternate translation: “Just before she died, as she was taking her last breath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '18', 'dty6', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Ben-Oni', 'Translator may add a footnote that says “The name Ben-Oni means ‘son of my sorrow.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '18', 'd44e', '', '', '0', 'Benjamin', 'Translator may add a footnote that says “The name Benjamin means ‘son of the right hand.’” The phrase “right hand” indicates a place of special favor.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '19', 'v664', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'was buried', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they buried her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '19', 'cj7f', '', '', '0', 'on the way', '“alongside the road”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '20', 'n32v', '', '', '0', 'It is the marker of Rachel’s grave to this day', '“It marks Rachel’s grave still to this day”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '20', 'lj22', '', '', '0', 'to this day', '“up to the present time.” This means to the time that the author was writing this.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '21', 'iq45', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Israel traveled on', 'It is implied that Israel’s family and servants are with him. The full meaning of this information can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '22', 's2bs', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'lay with', 'This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '22', 'w9fr', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Bilhah', 'This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '22', 'm9qr', '', '', '0', 'Now Jacob had twelve sons', 'This sentence begins a new paragraph, which continues into the following verses.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '22', 'lv7q', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'twelve sons', '“12 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '25', 'vbv7', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Bilhah', 'This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '26', 'bk2l', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Zilpah', 'This is the name of Leah’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24](../29/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '26', 'tc13', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'who were born to him in Paddan Aram', 'It is implied that this does not include Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan near Bethlehem. It only mentions Paddan Aram since that is where most of them were born. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “who were born to him in Paddan Aram, except Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '27', 'f44e', 'figs-go', '', '0', 'Jacob came to Isaac', 'Here “came” can be stated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '27', 'a58a', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Mamre', 'This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this in [Genesis 13:18](../13/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '27', 'bc7q', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Kiriath Arba', 'This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:2](../23/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '28', 'x251', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'one hundred eighty years', '“180 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '29', 'rk3c', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'Isaac breathed his last and died', '“Isaac took his last breath and died.” The phrases “breathed his last” and “died” mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 25:8](../25/08.md). Alternate translation: “Isaac died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '29', 'p3ct', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'breathed his last', 'This is a polite way of saying a person died. See how you translated this in [Genesis 25:8](../25/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '29', 'fpy4', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'was gathered to his ancestors', 'This means that after Isaac died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he joined his family members who had already died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '35', '29', 'bxx8', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'an old man full of days', 'The phrases “old man” and “full of days” mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that Isaac lived a very long time. Alternate translation: “after he had lived a very long time and was very old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', 'intro', 'st7p', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 36 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Esau’s descendants
Esau’s descendants became known as the Edomite people group. They also become a great nation. This nation is prominent in the rest of the Old Testament. God graciously blessed Esau and he had many descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '1', 'zj65', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'These were the descendants of Esau (also called Edom)', '“These are the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom.” This sentence introduces the account of Esau’s descendants in Genesis 36:1-8. Alternate translation: “This is an account of the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '2', 'ac64', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Adah…Oholibamah', 'These are names of Esau’s wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '2', 'hna3', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Elon the Hittite', '“Elon the descendant of Heth” or “Elon a descendant of Heth.” This is the name of a man. See how you translate this in [Genesis 26:34](../26/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '2', 's9ni', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Anah…Zibeon', 'These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '2', 'hd6t', '', '', '0', 'Hivite', 'This refers to a larger group of people. See how you translated it in [Genesis 10:17](../10/17.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '3', 'g86y', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Nebaioth', 'a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '3', 'k2u1', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Basemath', 'This is the name of one of Esau’s wives. See how you translated this in [Genesis 26:34](../26/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '3', 'n8tf', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Nebaioth', 'This is the name of one of Ishmael’s sons. See how you translated this in [Genesis 28:9](../28/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '4', 'w5z8', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Adah…Basemath', 'These are names of Esau’s wives. See how you translated these in [Genesis 36:2-3](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '4', 's7t4', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Eliphaz…Reuel', 'These are names of Esau’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '5', 'rp9l', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Oholibamah', 'These are names of Esau’s wives. See how you translated these in [Genesis 36:2](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '5', 'm5u2', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Jeush…Jalam…Korah', 'These are names of Esau’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '6', 'k2ey', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'which he had gathered in the land of Canaan', 'This refers to all of the things that he had accumulated while living in the land of Canaan. Alternate translation: “which he had accumulated while living in the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '6', 'u7vt', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'went into a land', 'This means to moved to another place and live there. Alternate translation: “went to live in another land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '7', 'y3im', '', '', '0', 'their possessions', '“Esau’s and Jacob’s possessions”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '7', 'kr6m', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'could not support them because of their livestock', 'The land was not large enough to support all of the livestock that Jacob and Esau owned. Alternate translation: “was not big enough to support all of their livestock” or “was not big enough for both Esau’s flocks and Jacob’s flocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '7', 'ui47', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'where they had settled', 'The word “settled” means to move somewhere and live there. Alternate translation: “where they had moved to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '9', 'yd4a', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'These were the descendants of Esau', 'This sentence introduces the account of Esau’s descendants in Genesis 36:9-43. Alternate translation: “This is an account of the descendants of Esau” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '9', 'vme3', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'in the hill country of Seir', 'This means that they lived in the hill country of Seir. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “who lived in the hill country of Seir” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '10', 'kf9d', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Eliphaz…Reuel', 'These are names of Esau’s sons. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:4](../36/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '10', 'b61h', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Adah…Basemath', 'These are names of Esau’s wives. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:2-3](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '11', 'uw62', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz', 'These are names of the sons of Eliphaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '12', 'q2xy', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Amalek', 'a son of Eliphaz (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '12', 'c8w1', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Timna', 'This is the name of Eliphaz’s concubine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '13', 'qe6l', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Reuel', 'This is the name of a son of Esau. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '13', 'eka4', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Nahath…Zerah…Shammah…Mizzah', 'These are names of Reuel’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '13', 'tv77', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Basemath', 'This is the name of a wife of Esau. See how you translated this in [Genesis 36:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '14', 'n41e', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Oholibamah', 'This is the name of a wife of Esau. See how you translated these in [Genesis 36:2](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '14', 'sz5g', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Anah…Zibeon', 'These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '14', 'u6hp', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Jeush, Jalam, and Korah', 'These are names of Esau’s sons. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:5](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '15', 'zg7m', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Eliphaz', 'This is the name of one of Esau’s sons. See how you translated his name in [Genesis 36:4](../36/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '15', 'lut6', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz', 'These are names of Eliphaz’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '16', 'zr8u', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Korah, Gatam, and Amalek', 'These are names of Eliphaz’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '16', 'j4yq', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Adah', 'This is the name of one of Esau’s wives. See how you translated her name in [Genesis 36:2](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '17', 'ts2e', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Reuel', 'This is the name of a son of Esau. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '17', 'uk29', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, Mizzah', 'These are the names of Reuel’s sons. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:13](../36/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '17', 'h6as', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'in the land of Edom', 'This means that they lived in the land of Edom. Alternate translation: “who lived in the land of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '17', 'pn88', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Basemath', 'This is the name of a wife of Esau. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:3](./03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '18', 'bz8x', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Oholibamah', 'This is the name of a wife of Esau. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:2](./02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '18', 'lpz9', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Jeush, Jalam, Korah', 'These are the names of Esau’s sons. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:5](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '18', 'bs35', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Anah', 'This the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:2](../36/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '20', 'nf56', '', '', '0', 'Seir', 'The word “Seir” is the name of a man and of a country.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '20', 'pj69', '', '', '0', 'the Horite', 'The word “Horite” refers to a people group. See how you translated it in [Genesis 14:6](../14/06.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '20', 'lrw4', '', '', '0', 'the inhabitants of the land', '“who lived in the land of Seir, which is also called Edom”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '20', 'e8fa', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah', 'These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '21', 'g54a', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan', 'These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '22', 'ui8e', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Lotan…Hori and Heman', 'These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '22', 'r36g', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Timna', 'This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '23', 'c6jr', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Shobal', 'This is the name of man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:20](../36/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '23', 'smz3', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Alvan, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho, and Onam', 'These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '24', 'zng8', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Zibeon', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:20](../36/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '24', 'l94x', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Aiah and Anah', 'These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '25', 't8gx', '', '', '0', 'Anah…Dishon', 'These are names of men. See how you translated “Anah” in [Genesis 36:20](./20.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '25', 'esu6', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Oholibamah', 'This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '26', 'tb3r', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Dishon…Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran, and Keran', 'These are names of men. See how you translated “Dishon” in [Genesis 36:21](./21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '27', 'w3mp', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Ezer…Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan', 'These are names of men. See how you translated “Ezer” in [Genesis 36:20-21](./20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '28', 'u49l', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Dishan…Uz and Aran', 'These are names of men. See how you translated “Dishan” in [Genesis 36:21](./21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '29', 'fkl1', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the Horites', 'This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Genesis 14:6](../14/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '29', 'g2zx', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, and Anah', 'These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:20](./20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '30', 'cp7f', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Dishon, Ezer, Dishan', 'These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 36:21](./21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '30', 'yki3', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'in the land of Seir', 'This means that they lived in the land of Seir. Alternate translation: “of those who lived in the land of Seir” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '32', 'v99w', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Bela…Beor', 'These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '32', 'h4lb', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'the name of his city', 'This means that this was the city where he lived. Alternate translation: “the name of the city where he lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '32', 'e1xl', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Dinhabah', 'This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '33', 'sr5r', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Bela…Jobab…Zerah', 'These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '33', 'cuf9', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Bozrah', 'This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '34', 'd4sk', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Jobab', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:33](../36/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '34', 'ne5s', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Husham', 'This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '34', 'l23l', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Husham who was of the land of the Temanites', 'This means that Husham lived in the land of the Temanites. Alternate translation: “Husham who lived in the land of the Temanites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '34', 'b498', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Temanites', 'descendants of a man named Teman (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '35', 'ct4x', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Husham…Hadad…Bedad', 'These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '35', 'ar3g', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'The name of his city', 'This means that this was the city where he lived. Alternate translation: “The name of the city where he lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '35', 'i9ul', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Avith', 'These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '36', 'en7h', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Hadad…Samlah', 'These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '36', 'f4j5', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Samlah of Masrekah', '“Samlah from Masrekah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '36', 'rd2a', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Masrekah', 'These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '37', 'b1jl', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Samlah', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 36:36](../36/36.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '37', 'hji7', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'then Shaul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in his place', 'Shaul lived in Rehoboth. Rehoboth was by the Euphrates river. This information may be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “then Shaul reigned in his place. He was from Rehoboth which is by the Euphrates River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '37', 'c5xx', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Shaul', 'This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '37', 'd42q', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Rehoboth', 'This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '38', 'c5rd', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Shaul…Baal-Hanan…Akbor', 'These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '39', 'jf15', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Baal-Hanan…Akbor…Hadar…Matred…Me Zahab', 'These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '39', 'kk3p', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'The name of his city', 'This means that this was the city where he lived. Alternate translation: “The name of the city where he lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '39', 'sz99', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Pau', 'These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '39', 'vn2x', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Mehetabel', 'This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '39', 'f6vx', '', '', '0', 'the daughter of Matred, the granddaughter of Me Zahab', '“she was the daughter of Matred, and the granddaughter of Me Zahab”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '40', 'bim6', '', '', '0', 'the heads of clans', '“the leaders of the clans”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '40', 'n8cf', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'according to their clans and their regions, by their names', 'The clans and the regions were named after the heads of the clans. Alternate translation: “the names of their clans and the regions where they lived were named after them. These are their names” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '40', 'yu9e', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Timna, Alvah, Jetheth', 'These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '41', 'q8em', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Oholibamah, Elah, Pinon', 'These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '42', 'f4dx', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Kenaz, Teman, Mibzar', 'These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '43', 'bjb8', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Magdiel, and Iram', 'These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '43', 'f84q', '', '', '0', 'their settlements', '“their dwelling places” or “the places they lived”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '36', '43', 'zc7w', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'This was Esau', 'This list is said “to be” Esau, which means that it is the whole list of his descendants. Alternate translation: “This is the list of the descendants of Esau” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', 'intro', 's17y', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 37 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

This chapter begins to record the account of Jacob’s sons. The rest of the book of Genesis focuses on Jacob’s sons, especially Joseph. This chapter also references Jacob as “Israel” beginning in this chapter.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Favoritism
Jacob’s favoritism became a great problem for his sons. They are always jealous of Joseph because he is the favorite son. The beautiful garment Jacob gave to Joseph greatly strained the relationship between Joseph and his brothers. Joseph dreams he will rule all of his brothers, even though he is not the oldest son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])

### God’s power
The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '1', 'y34b', '', '', '0', 'the land where his father was staying, in the land of Canaan', '“in the land of Canaan where his father had lived”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '2', 'gx4z', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'These were the events concerning Jacob', 'This sentence introduces the account of Jacob’s children in Genesis 37:1-50:26. Here “Jacob” refers to his whole family. Alternate translation: “This is the account of Jacob’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '2', 'h2a4', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'seventeen years old', '“17 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '2', 'kg73', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Bilhah', 'This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '2', 'g6zc', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Zilpah', 'This is the name of Leah’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24](../29/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '2', 'gp4s', '', '', '0', 'wives', 'These women were servants of Leah and Rachel whom they had given to Jacob to produce children.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '2', 'fj2x', '', '', '0', 'an unfavorable report about them', '“a bad report about his brothers”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '3', 'in67', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Now', 'This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Israel and Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '3', 'hu4a', '', '', '0', 'loved', 'This refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '3', 'fd1u', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'of his old age', 'This means that Joseph was born when Israel was an old man. Alternate translation: “who was born when Israel was an old man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '3', 'n9xs', '', '', '0', 'He made him', '“Israel made Joseph”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '3', 'm9ni', '', '', '0', 'a beautiful garment', '“a beautiful robe”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '4', 'ua1k', '', '', '0', 'would not speak kindly to him', '“could not speak in a courteous manner to him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '5', 'z7xa', '', '', '0', 'Joseph dreamed a dream, and he told his brothers about it. They hated him even more', 'This is a summary of the events that will happen in 37:6-11.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '5', 'req1', '', '', '0', 'They hated him even more', '“And Joseph’s brothers hated him even more than they hated him before”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '6', 'c6ln', '', '', '0', 'Please listen to this dream which I dreamed', '“Please listen to this dream that I had”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '7', 'hu4k', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Joseph tells his brothers about his dream.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '7', 'zk8j', '', '', '0', 'Behold', 'The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '7', 'v7ub', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'we were', 'The word “we” refers to Joseph and includes all of his brothers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '7', 'lp7e', '', '', '0', 'tying bundles of grain', 'When grain is reaped it is tied into bundles and stacked until it is time to separate the grain from the straw.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '7', 'p45z', '', '', '0', 'behold', 'Here the word “behold” here shows that Joseph was surprised by what he saw.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '7', 'yu7f', 'figs-personification', '', '0', 'my bundle rose and stood upright…your bundles came around and bowed down', 'Here the bundles of grain are standing and kneeling as if they were people. These bundle represent Joseph and his brothers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '8', 'yak9', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'Will you really reign over us? Will you actually rule over us?', 'Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Joseph’s brothers are using questions to mock Joseph. They can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “You will never be our king, and we will never bow down to you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '8', 'pjm9', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'reign over us', 'The word “us” refers to Joseph’s brothers but not Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '8', 'gtl3', '', '', '0', 'for his dreams and for his words', '“because of his dreams and what he said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '9', 'kyz2', '', '', '0', 'He dreamed another dream', '“Joseph had another dream”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '9', 'tzi7', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'eleven stars', '“11 stars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '10', 'fqz5', '', '', '0', 'his father rebuked him. He said to him', '“Israel scolded him, saying”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '10', 'c1l9', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'What is this dream that you have dreamed? Will your mother…to the ground to you?', 'Israel uses questions to correct Joseph. This can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “This dream you had is not real. Your mother, brothers, and I will not bow down before you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '11', 'r99i', '', '', '0', 'jealous', 'This means being angry because someone else is successful or more popular.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '11', 'ml87', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'kept the matter in mind', 'The means that he kept thinking about the meaning of Joseph’s dream. Alternate translation: “kept thinking about what the dream might mean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '13', 'is7f', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Are not your brothers tending the flock in Shechem?', 'Israel uses a question to begin a conversation. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You brothers are tending the flock in Shechem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '13', 'mkc7', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Come', 'Here it is implied that Israel is asking Joseph to prepare himself to leave and go see his brothers. Alternate translation: “Get ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '13', 'py59', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'I am ready', 'He is ready to leave. “I am ready to go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '14', 'qey4', '', '', '0', 'He said to him', '“Israel said to Joseph”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '14', 'w1ct', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'bring me word', 'Israel wants Joseph to come back and tell him about how his brother and flocks are doing. Alternate translation: “come tell me what you find out” or “give me a report” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '14', 'lr5e', '', '', '0', 'out of the Valley', '“from the Valley”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '15', 'un9m', '', '', '0', 'A certain man found Joseph. Behold, Joseph was wandering in a field', '“A certain man found Joseph wandering in a field”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '15', 'd2cb', '', '', '0', 'Behold', 'This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '15', 's9np', '', '', '0', 'What do you seek?', '“What are you looking for?”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '16', 'a4w2', '', '', '0', 'Tell me, please, where', '“Please tell me where”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '16', 'w68c', '', '', '0', 'tending the flock', '“shepherding their flock”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '17', 'kti6', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Dothan', 'This is the name of a place that is about 22 kilometers from Shechem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '18', 'b5ik', '', '', '0', 'They saw him from a distance', '“Joseph’s brothers saw him while he was far away”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '18', 'j6pl', '', '', '0', 'they plotted against him to kill him', '“they made plans to kill him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '19', 'e925', '', '', '0', 'this dreamer is approaching', '“here comes the one who has the dreams”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '20', 'gv2f', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Come now, therefore', 'This wording shows that the brothers acted upon their plans. Alternate translation: “So now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '20', 'q5ub', '', '', '0', 'wild animal', '“dangerous animal” or “ferocious animal”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '20', 'tf98', '', '', '0', 'devoured', 'to eagerly have eaten']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '20', 'f645', 'figs-irony', '', '0', 'We will see what will become of his dreams', 'His brothers planned to kill him, therefore it is ironic that they would speak of his dream coming true, since he would be dead. Alternate translation: “That way we will make sure his dreams do not come true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '21', 'hcd3', '', '', '0', 'heard it', '“heard what they were saying”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '21', 'h7vp', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'from their hand', 'The phrase “their hand” refers to the brothers’ plan to kill him. Alternate translation: “from them” or “from their plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '21', 'tgx9', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'Let us not take his life', 'The phrase “take his life” is a euphemism for killing someone. Alternate translation: “Let us not kill Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '22', 'ia68', 'figs-litotes', '', '0', 'Shed no blood', 'The negation can be placed on the verb. Also, “shedding blood” is a euphemism for killing someone. Alternate translation: “Do not spill any blood” or “Do not kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '22', 'pp4s', '', '', '0', 'that he might rescue him', 'This can be translated as a new sentence: “Rueben said this so that he might rescue Joseph”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '22', 'w33s', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'out of their hand', 'The phrase “their hand” refers to the brothers’ plan to kill him. Alternate translation: “from them” or “from their plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '22', 'qi79', '', '', '0', 'to bring him back', '“and return him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '23', 'avb4', '', '', '0', 'It came about that when', 'This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '23', 'hk1a', '', '', '0', 'they stripped him of his beautiful garment', '“they tore his beautiful garment off of him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '23', 'r88s', '', '', '0', 'beautiful garment', '“beautiful robe.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 37:3](../37/03.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '25', 'z1zh', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'They sat down to eat bread', '“Bread” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “They sat down to eat food” or “Joseph’s brothers sat down to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '25', 'u8ky', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'They lifted up their eyes and looked, and, behold, a caravan', 'Here looking up is spoken of as if a person literally lifted up his eyes. Also, the word “behold” is used here to draw the reader’s attention to what the men saw. Alternate translation: “They looked up and they suddenly saw a caravan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '25', 'vw51', '', '', '0', 'bearing', 'carrying']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '25', 'ry7t', '', '', '0', 'spices', 'seasonings']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '25', 'c9x3', '', '', '0', 'balm', 'an oily substance with a sweet smell used for healing and protecting skin. “medicine”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '25', 'c48b', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'traveling to carry them down to Egypt', '“bringing them down to Egypt.” This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “bringing them down to Egypt to sell them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '26', 'jqq1', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'What profit is it if we kill our brother and cover up his blood?', 'This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “We do not gain a profit by killing our brother and covering up his blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '26', 't3nl', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'cover up his blood', 'This is a figure of speech referring to hiding Joseph’s death. Alternate translation: “hide his murder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '27', 'z5vv', '', '', '0', 'to the Ishmaelites', '“to these men who are descendants of Ishmael”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '27', 'drn8', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'not lay our hands upon him', 'This means not to harm or injure him. Alternate translation: “not hurt him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '27', 'x3zy', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'he is our brother, our flesh', 'The word “flesh” is a metonym that stands for a relative. Alternate translation: “he is our blood relative” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '27', 'ih6w', '', '', '0', 'His brothers listened to him', '“Judah’s brothers listened to him” or “Judah’s brothers agreed with him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '28', 'fs89', '', '', '0', 'Midianite…Ishmaelites', 'Both names refer to the same group of traders that Joseph’s brothers meet.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '28', 'plq1', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'for twenty pieces of silver', '“for the price of 20 pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '28', 'sty7', '', '', '0', 'carried Joseph into Egypt', '“took Joseph to Egypt”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '29', 'u33n', '', '', '0', 'Reuben returned to the pit, and, behold, Joseph was not in the pit', '“Reuben returned to the pit, and was surprised to see that Joseph was not there.” The word “behold” here shows that Reuben was surprised to find out Joseph was gone.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '29', 'q2rx', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'He tore his clothes', 'This is an act of deep distress and grief. This can be written more clearly. Alternate translation: “He was so grieved that he tore his clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '30', 'rz5i', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'The boy is not there! And I, where can I go?', 'Reuben uses questions for emphasis the problem that Joseph was missing. These can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “The boy is gone! I cannot go back home now!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '31', 'mg6n', '', '', '0', 'Joseph’s garment', 'This refers to the beautiful garment that his father made for him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '31', 'v9ds', '', '', '0', 'the blood', '“the goat’s blood”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '32', 'uw8d', '', '', '0', 'they brought it', '“they brought the garment”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '33', 'jk1r', '', '', '0', 'has devoured him', '“has eaten him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '33', 'i3f2', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'Joseph has certainly been torn to pieces', 'Jacob thinks that a wild animal has torn Joseph’s body apart. Alternate translation: “It has certainly torn Joseph to pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '34', 'br9g', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Jacob tore his garments', 'This is an act of deep distress and grief. This can be written more clearly. Alternate translation: “Jacob was so grieved that he tore his garments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '34', 'x4zj', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'put sackcloth upon his loins', 'Here “loins” refers to the middle part of the body or the waist. Alternate translation: “put on sackcloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '35', 'rd4c', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'rose up', 'Here the childrens’ coming to their father is spoke of as “rising up.” Alternate translation: “came to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '35', 'inp9', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'but he refused to be comforted', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but he would not let them comfort him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '35', 'qls4', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Indeed I will go down to Sheol mourning', 'The means that he be mourning from now until when he dies. Alternate translation: “Indeed when I die and go down to Sheol I will still be mourning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '36', 'p1k8', '', '', '0', 'The Midianites sold him', '“The Midianites sold Joseph”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '37', '36', 'zpi7', '', '', '0', 'the captain of the bodyguard', '“the leader of the soldiers who guarded the king”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', 'intro', 'm9uv', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 38 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

This chapter focuses on Jacob’s son Judah.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### “Spilling his seed”
Onan was to provide for his brother’s widow and give her an heir. This phrase indicates that he used Tamar to fulfill his own sexual desires rather than help her. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

### God preserves Judah’s line
The Canaanite woman, Tamar, deceived her father-in-law, Judah, into having sexual relations with her. If it had not been for this act, Judah would not have any descendants to carry on his family line. Although her actions were wrong, God used them to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '1', 'd341', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'It came about at that time that Judah', 'This introduces a new part of the story that focuses on Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '1', 'mm6t', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah', 'Hirah is the name of a man who lived in the village of Adullam. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '2', 'g2ep', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'whose name was Shua', 'Shua is a Canaanite woman who married Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '2', 'ri4x', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'he went in to her', 'This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '3', 'tdy5', '', '', '0', 'She became pregnant', '“Judah’s wife became pregnant”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '3', 'b2qs', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'He was named Er', 'This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “His father named him Er” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '3', 'uw47', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Er', 'Judah’s son (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '4', 'j52v', '', '', '0', 'called his name', '“named him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '4', 'd5vx', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Onan', 'Judah’s son (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '5', 'qtm2', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Shelah', 'Judah’s son (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '5', 'q8z9', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Kezib', 'This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '6', 'yph1', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Er', 'This is the name of one of Judah’s sons. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:3](../38/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '7', 'dn6g', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'was wicked in the sight of Yahweh', 'The phrase “in the sight” refers to Yahweh seeing Er’s wickedness. Alternate translation: “was wicked and Yahweh saw it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '7', 'i5dq', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Yahweh killed him', 'Yahweh killed him because he was wicked. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh killed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '8', 'tk66', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Onan', 'This is the name of one of Judah’s sons. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:4](../38/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '8', 'kks8', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'Go in to your brother’s wife', 'This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Have sexual relations with your brother’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '8', 'a6ev', '', '', '0', 'Do the duty of a brother-in-law to her', 'This refers to a custom that when the oldest brother dies before he and his wife have a son, the next oldest brother would marry and have sexual relations with the widow. When the widow gave birth to the first son, that son was considered the son of the oldest brother and he would receive the oldest brother’s inheritance.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '9', 'h2uc', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'he went in to', 'This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he had sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '10', 'd3ql', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'was evil in the sight of Yahweh', 'The phrase “in the sight” refers to Yahweh seeing Onan’s wickedness. Alternate translation: “was evil and Yahweh saw it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '10', 'pa7a', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Yahweh killed him also', 'Yahweh killed him because what he did was evil. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh killed him also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '11', 'w812', '', '', '0', 'his daughter-in-law', '“his oldest son’s wife”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '11', 'tu93', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'in your father’s house', 'This means her to live in here father’s house. Alternate translation: “and live in your father’s house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '11', 'xx8w', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'until Shelah, my son, grows up', 'Judah intends for Tamar to marry Shelah when he grows up. Alternate translation: “and when Shelah, my son, grows up, he can marry you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '11', 'e1y2', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Shelah', 'This is the name of one of Judah’s sons. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:5](../38/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '11', 'ib5z', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'For he feared, “He might also die, just like his brothers', 'Judah feared that if Shelah married Tamar he would also die like his brothers did. Alternate translation: “For he feared, ‘If he marries her he may also die like his brothers did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '12', 'fpu9', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Shua’s', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:2](../38/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '12', 'ws3g', '', '', '0', 'Judah was comforted and', '“When Judah was no longer grieving, he”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '12', 'f28q', '', '', '0', 'his sheepshearers at Timnah', '“Timnah, where his men were shearing sheep”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '12', 'cx57', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Timnah', 'This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '12', 'gmi5', '', '', '0', 'he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite', '“His friend Hiram, from Adullam, went with him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '12', 'ep2s', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Hirah the Adullamite', '“Hiram” is the name of a man, and “Adullam” is the name of a village where he lived. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:1](../38/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '13', 'pf3r', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'Tamar was told', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told Tamar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '13', 'g6yw', '', '', '0', 'Look, your father-in-law', '“Listen.” Here the word “look” is used to get Tamar attention.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '13', 'dt3t', '', '', '0', 'your father-in-law', '“your husband’s father”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '14', 'z7kx', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Enaim', 'This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '14', 'l825', '', '', '0', 'of her widowhood', '“that widows wear”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '14', 'z8wu', '', '', '0', 'veil', 'a very thin material used to cover a woman’s head and face']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '14', 'w9p6', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'wrapped herself', 'This means that she hid herself with her clothing so that people would not recognize her. Traditionally, part of women’s clothing were large pieces of cloth they wrapped themselves with. Alternate translation: “wrapped herself in her clothing so that people would not recognize her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '14', 'i1it', '', '', '0', 'by the road', '“along the road” or “on the way”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '14', 'ph6r', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'she had not been given to him as a wife', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Judah had not given her to Shelah as a wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '15', 'wl6g', '', '', '0', 'When Judah saw her', 'The word “her” here refers to Tamar, but your reader should understand that Judah did not know that the woman he was looking at was Tamar.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '15', 'y8kx', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'because she had covered her face', 'Judah did not think she was a prostitute just because her face was covered but also because she was sitting in the gate. Alternate translation: “because she had covered her head and sat where prostitutes often sat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '16', 'i3uh', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'He went to her by the road', 'Tamar was sitting by the road. Alternate translation: “He went to where she was sitting by the road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '16', 'q479', '', '', '0', 'Come, please', '“Come with me, please” or “Come now, please”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '17', 'rjw2', '', '', '0', 'from the flock', '“from my flock of goats”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '18', 'dv74', '', '', '0', 'seal and cord…staff', 'A “seal” is similar to a coin with a design engraved on it, used to imprint melted wax. The “cord” was put through the seal so the owner could wear it around his neck. A staff was long wooden stick that helped in walking over rough ground.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '18', 'tz55', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'he went in to her', 'This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '18', 'e1lh', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'she became pregnant by him', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he caused her to become pregnant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '19', 't44a', '', '', '0', 'veil', 'This was a very thin material used to cover a woman’s head and face. See how you translated these in [Genesis 38:14](../38/14.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '19', 'df5s', '', '', '0', 'clothing of her widowhood', '“clothing that widows wear.” See how you translated these in [Genesis 38:14](../38/14.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '20', 'ck76', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Adullamite', 'a person who lives in the village of Adullam. See how you translated this in [Genesis 38:1](../38/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '20', 'c471', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'receive the pledge', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “take back the pledge”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '20', 'gj77', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'from the woman’s hand', 'Here “hand” emphasizes that they were in here possession. The woman’s hand refers to the woman. Alternate translation: “from the woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '21', 'yd96', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Adullamite', 'a person who lives in the village of Adullam. See how you translated this in [Genesis 38:1](../38/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '21', 'f9j4', '', '', '0', 'the men of the place', '“some of the men who lived there”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '21', 'wg3u', '', '', '0', 'cultic prostitute', '“prostitute who serves in the temple”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '21', 'tr6j', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Enaim', 'This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Genesis 38:14](../38/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '23', 'wmj7', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'that we not be put to shame', 'When people found out what had happened they would ridicule Judah and laugh at him. This can be made clear and stated in active form. Alternate translation: “or else people will laugh at us when they find out what happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '24', 'n17v', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'It came about', 'This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '24', 'v2xa', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'it was told to Judah', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone told Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '24', 'ps9t', '', '', '0', 'Tamar your daughter-in-law', '“Tamar, your oldest son’s wife”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '24', 'cli3', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'she is pregnant by it', 'Here the word “it” refers to the “prostitution” that she committed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it has made her pregnant” or “she is pregnant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '24', 'gs86', '', '', '0', 'Bring her here', '“Bring her out”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '24', 'u7ku', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'let her be burned', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we will burn her to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '25', 'b976', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'When she was brought out', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When they brought her out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '25', 'h9p8', '', '', '0', 'her father-in-law', '“her husband’s father”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '25', 'sd68', '', '', '0', 'seal and cords and staff', 'A “seal” is similar to a coin with a design engraved on it, used to make an impression in melted wax. The “cord” was put through the seal so the owner could wear it around his neck. A staff was long wooden stick that helped in walking over rough ground. See how you translated this in [Genesis 38:18](../38/18.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '26', 'r4f3', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Shelah', 'This is the name of one of Judah’s sons. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:5](../38/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '26', 'fdr5', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'did not lie with her again', 'This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “did not have sexual relations with her again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '27', 'i46v', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'It came about at the time', 'This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '27', 'aqm9', '', '', '0', 'behold', 'The word “behold” alerts us to the surprise that Tamar was carrying twins, which was previously unknown.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '28', 'p9yq', '', '', '0', 'It came about as she was giving birth', 'This phrase “It came about” marks an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '28', 'xui1', '', '', '0', 'one put out a hand', '“one of the babies put out his hand”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '28', 'l4m5', '', '', '0', 'midwife', 'This is a person who helps a woman when she is giving birth to a child. See how you translated this in [Genesis 35:17](../35/17.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '28', 'qm8p', '', '', '0', 'scarlet thread', '“bright red thread”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '28', 'hph2', '', '', '0', 'on his hand', '“around his wrist”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '29', 'ciu7', '', '', '0', 'behold', 'The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '29', 'ra5t', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'How you have broken out!', 'This shows the midwife’s surprise to seeing the second baby come out first. Alternate translation: “So this is how you break your way out first!” or “You have burst out first!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '29', 'n6hp', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'he was named', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she named him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '29', 'd8yk', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Perez', 'This is the name of a boy. Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Perez means ‘breaking out.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '38', '30', 'zzy9', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Zerah', 'This is the name of a boy. Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Zerah means ‘scarlet or bright red.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', 'intro', 'a8n6', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 39 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### God’s power
The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. This is a sign of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])

### Joseph’s character
Genesis just recorded a period of time where Joseph’s ancestors and brothers struggled with sin. Joseph’s character in this chapter is upright. He chose to do what was right, even when it could cause him harm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '1', 'e2vg', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Joseph was brought down to Egypt', 'Travelling to Egypt is always considered as going “down” in contrast to going “up” to the promised land. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Ishmaelites had taken Joseph to Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '2', 'f9fl', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Yahweh was with Joseph', 'This means that Yahweh helped Joseph and was always with him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh guided Joseph and helped him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '2', 'fn2m', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'He lived in the house', 'Here the author speaks of working in the master’s house as if it were living in the master’s house. Only the most trusted servants were permitted to work in their master’s house. AT : “he worked in the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '2', 'j4w7', '', '', '0', 'his Egyptian master', 'Joseph was now Potiphar’s slave.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '3', 'xvx7', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'His master saw that Yahweh was with him', 'This means that the master saw how Yahweh was helping Joseph. Alternate translation: “His master saw that Yahweh was helping him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '3', 'jq22', '', '', '0', 'that Yahweh prospered everything that he did', '“Yahweh caused everything that Joseph did to prosper”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '4', 'hd1r', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Joseph found favor in his sight', '“To find favor” means to be approved by someone. The idiom “in his sight” refers to a person’s opinion. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “Potiphar was pleased with Joseph” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh was pleased with Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '4', 'wv9x', '', '', '0', 'He served Potiphar', 'This means that he was Potiphar’s personal servant.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '4', 'ld27', '', '', '0', 'Potiphar made Joseph manager over his house, and everything that he possessed', '“Potiphar put Joseph in charge of his household and everything that belonged to Potiphar”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '4', 't3u1', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'put under his care', 'When something is “put under someone’s care,” it means that the person is responsible for its care and safe-keeping. Alternate translation: “he had Joseph care for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '5', 'nr78', '', '', '0', 'It came about from the time that he made him manager over his house and over everything he possessed, that Yahweh blessed the Egyptian’s house because of Joseph', 'You may need to use the words “Joseph” and “the Egyptian” before using pronouns to refer to them. “The Egyptian made Joseph manager over his house and over everything he possessed, and it came about from the time that Yahweh blessed the Egyptian’s house because of Joseph”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '5', 'ys1h', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'It came about', 'This phrase is used here to tell the reader that these two verses are background information for the next event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '5', 'vv9x', '', '', '0', 'he made him manager over his house and over everything he possessed', '“Potiphar put Joseph in charge of his household and everything that belonged to him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '5', 'f9hu', '', '', '0', 'blessed', 'Here “blessed” means to cause good and beneficial things to happen to the person or thing that is being blessed.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '5', 'c9t1', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'The blessing of Yahweh was on', 'Here the author speaks of the blessing that Yahweh gave as if it were a physical covering put over something. Alternate translation: “Yahweh blessed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '5', 'd2m5', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'everything that Potiphar had in the house and in the field', 'This refers his household and his crops and livestock. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Potiphar’s household and all of his crops and livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '6', 'cqj8', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Potiphar put everything that he had under Joseph’s care', 'When something is “put under someone’s care,” it means that the person is responsible for its care and safe-keeping. Alternate translation: “So Potiphar put Joseph in charge of everything that he had” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '6', 'hx4p', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'He did not have to think about anything except the food that he ate', 'He did not have to worry about anything in his household; he only had to make decisions about what he wanted to eat. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Potiphar only had to think about what he wanted to eat. He did not have to worry about anything else in his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '6', 'ia1m', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Now', 'The word “now” marks a break in the story line as the author gives background information about Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '6', 'wy9g', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'handsome and attractive', 'Both of the words have same meaning. They refer to Joseph’s pleasing appearance. He was likely good-looking and strong. Alternate translation: “handsome and strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '7', 'bu7c', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'It came about after this that', '“And so.” This phrase is used here to mark a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '7', 'x6db', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'Lie with me', 'This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “have sexual relations with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '8', 'g7nr', '', '', '0', 'Look', '“Listen.” Joseph uses this word to get Potiphar’s wife’s attention.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '8', 'hl45', 'figs-doublenegatives', '', '0', 'my master does not pay attention to what I do in the house', '“my master has no concern about his household with me in charge.” This can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “my master trusts me with his household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '8', 'v8lh', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'he has put everything that he owns under my care', 'When something is “put under someone’s care,” it means that the person is responsible for its care and safe-keeping. Alternate translation: “he has put me in charge of everything that belongs to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '9', 'xvi7', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'No one is greater in this house than I am', 'Here the author speaks of authority as if it were greatness. Alternate translation: “I have more authority in this house than anyone else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '9', 'x4sd', 'figs-litotes', '', '0', 'He has not kept back anything from me but you', 'This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “He has given me everything except you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '9', 'gk4v', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'How then can I do this great wickedness and sin against God?', 'Joseph uses a question for emphasis. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I certainly cannot do such a wicked thing and sin against God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '10', 'vm2s', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'She spoke to Joseph day after day', 'This means that she kept asking him to sleep with her. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “She kept on asking Joseph to sleep with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '10', 'f48l', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'to lie with her', 'This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '10', 'c1pu', '', '', '0', 'to be with her', '“to be near her”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '11', 'fgn4', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'It came about', '“And so.” This phrase is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '11', 'uf8u', '', '', '0', 'None of the men of the house', '“None of the other men who worked in the house”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '12', 'x9k8', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'Lie with me', 'This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Have sexual relations with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '12', 'i97q', '', '', '0', 'fled, and went outside', '“and quickly ran outside” or “and quickly ran out of the house”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '13', 'ix34', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'It came about', '“Then” The phrase “it came about” is used here to mark the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '13', 'ufa4', '', '', '0', 'had fled outside', '“had quickly ran out of the house”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '14', 'ikv6', '', '', '0', 'the men of her house', '“the men who worked in her house”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '14', 'tuv8', '', '', '0', 'See', '“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '14', 'k9h6', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'He came in to me to lie with me', 'Here Potiphar’s wife is accusing Joseph of trying to seize her and have sexual relations with her. “He came into my room to have sexual relations with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '15', 'n1kg', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'It came about when he heard me scream, that he', '“When he heard me scream, he.” The phrase “it came about” is used here to mark the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '16', 'ma4z', '', '', '0', 'his master', '“Joseph’s master.” This refers to Potiphar.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '17', 'xu1x', '', '', '0', 'She told him this explanation', '“She explained it like this”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '17', 'qu1q', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'brought to us', 'The word “us” refers to Potiphar, his wife, and includes the rest of the household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '17', 's2dj', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'came in to mock me', '“came in to make a fool of me.” Here, the word “mock” is a euphemism for “to seize and to sleep with.” Alternate translation: “came into where I was and tried to force me to sleep with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '18', 'u1cu', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'It came about that', '“Then.” Potiphar’s wife uses this phrase to mark the next event in the account she is telling him about Joseph trying to sleep with her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '18', 'r27a', '', '', '0', 'fled outside', '“ran quickly out of the house”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '19', 'z9ib', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'It came about that', '“And so.” This phrase is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '19', 'nr6k', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'his master', '“Joseph’s master.” This refers to Potiphar. This information can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Joseph’s master, Potiphar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '19', 'clp9', '', '', '0', 'heard the explanation his wife told him', '“heard his wife explain to him.” The word “his” and “him” here refer to Potiphar.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '19', 'wt6m', '', '', '0', 'he became very angry', '“Potiphar became very angry”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '20', 'w9a8', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'the place where the king’s prisoners were confined', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the place where the king put his prisoners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '20', 'w9ky', '', '', '0', 'He was there', '“Joseph stayed there”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '21', 'j7f2', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'But Yahweh was with Joseph', 'This refers to how Yahweh took care of Joseph and was kind to him. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh was kind to Joseph” or “But Yahweh took care of Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '21', 's8kg', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'showed covenant faithfulness to him', 'The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “was faithful to his covenant with him” or “faithfully loved him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '21', 'wd2i', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'He gave him favor in the sight of the prison warden', 'This means Yahweh caused the prison warden to approve of Joseph and to treat him well. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused the prison warden to be pleased with Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '21', 'y3zt', '', '', '0', 'the prison warden', '“the prison manager” or “the man in charge of the prison”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '22', 'wbf9', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'gave into Joseph’s hand', 'Here “hand” represents Joseph’s power or trust. Alternate translation: “put Joseph in charge of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '22', 'ma4g', '', '', '0', 'Whatever they did there, Joseph was in charge of it', '“Joseph was in charge of everything they did there”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '23', 'j1y2', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'because Yahweh was with him', 'This refers to how Yahweh helped Joseph and guided him. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh guided Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '39', '23', 'kpn2', '', '', '0', 'Whatever he did, Yahweh prospered', '“Yahweh caused everything that Joseph did to prosper”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', 'intro', 'ef8h', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 40 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### God’s power
The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])

### Interpretation of dreams
The interpretation of dreams was important in the ancient Near East. It was seen as possible only through divine power. Yahweh gave Joseph the power to interpret dreams in order to bring himself glory and to protect Joseph and the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '1', 'nwl6', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'It came about that', 'This phrase is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '1', 'bab1', '', '', '0', 'the cupbearer', 'This is the person who brought drinks to the king.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '1', 'i7i3', '', '', '0', 'king’s baker', 'This is the person who made food for the king.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '1', 'kuf4', '', '', '0', 'offended their master', '“upset their master”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '2', 'ch6u', '', '', '0', 'the chief of the cupbearers and the chief of the bakers', '“the leading cupbearer and the leading baker”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '3', 'xu5i', '', '', '0', 'He put them in custody in the house of the captain of the guard', '“He put them in the prison that was in the house that was overseen by the captain of the guard”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '3', 'ba8g', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'He put them', 'The king did not put them in prison but rather he commanded for them to be imprisoned. Alternate translation: “He had them put” or “He commanded his guard to put” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '3', 'r4uj', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'in the same prison where Joseph was confined', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “This was the same prison that Joseph was in” or “This was the same prison Potiphar put Joseph in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '4', 'zrd7', '', '', '0', 'They remained in custody for some time', '“They remained in prison for a long time”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '6', 'a1d1', '', '', '0', 'Joseph came to them', '“Joseph came to the cupbearer and the baker”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '6', 'yub6', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Behold, they were sad', 'The word “behold” here shows that Joseph was surprised by what he saw. Alternate translation: “He was surprised to see that they were sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '7', 'lc9x', '', '', '0', 'Pharaoh’s officials who were with him', 'This refers to the cupbearer and the baker.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '7', 'q9qf', '', '', '0', 'in custody in his master’s house', '“In prison in him master’s house.” “His master” refers to Joseph’s master, the captain of the guard.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '8', 'fin5', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Do not interpretations belong to God?', 'Joseph uses a question for emphasis. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Interpretations belong to God!” or “It is God who can tell the meaning of dreams!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '8', 'va6r', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'Tell me, please', 'Joseph asks for them to tell him their dreams. Alternate translation: “Tell me the dreams, please” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '9', 'srp7', '', '', '0', 'The chief of the cupbearers', 'The most important person who brings drinks to the king. See how you translated this in [Genesis 40:2](../40/02.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '9', 'w5j9', '', '', '0', 'In my dream, behold, a vine was in front of me', '“In my dream, I saw a vine in front of me!” The cupbearer uses word “behold” here to show that he was surprised by what he saw in his dream and to alert Joseph to pay attention.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '10', 'ehe4', '', '', '0', 'the clusters of grapes ripened', '“its clusters ripened into grapes”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '11', 'dy72', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'squeezed them', 'This means that he squeezed the juice out of them. Alternate translation: “squeezed the juice from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '12', 'xg18', '', '', '0', 'This is the interpretation of it', '“Here is what the dream means”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '12', 'v4nl', '', '', '0', 'The three branches are three days', '“The three branches represent three days”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '13', 'v3j1', '', '', '0', 'Within three days', '“In three more days”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '13', 'ra1m', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'will lift up your head', 'Here Joseph speaks of Pharaoh releasing the cupbearer from prison as if Pharaoh were causing him to lift up his head. Alternate translation: “will release you from prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '13', 'x76t', '', '', '0', 'restore you to your office', '“will give you back your job”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '13', 'jxm9', '', '', '0', 'just as when', '“just as you did when”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '14', 'vhy3', '', '', '0', 'please show kindness to me', '“please be kind to me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '14', 'ril5', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Mention me to Pharaoh and bring me out of this prison', 'Joseph means for the cupbearer to tell Pharaoh about him so that Pharaoh will release him from prison. Alternate translation: “Help me get out of this prison by telling Pharaoh about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '15', 'h47u', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'For indeed I was abducted', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For indeed people took me” or “For indeed the Ishmaelites took me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '15', 'eec8', '', '', '0', 'the land of the Hebrews', '“the land where the Hebrew people live”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '15', 'ael9', '', '', '0', 'Here also have I done nothing that they should put me in this dungeon', '“and also while I have been here in Egypt, I have done nothing for which I deserved to be put in prison”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '16', 'b5rq', '', '', '0', 'the chief of the bakers', 'This refers to the leading person who made food for the king. See how this was translated in [Genesis 40:2](../40/02.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '16', 'g1t1', '', '', '0', 'I also had a dream, and', '“I also had a dream, and in my dream,”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '16', 'z4gg', '', '', '0', 'behold, three baskets of bread were on my head', '“there were three baskets of bread on my head!” The baker uses word “behold” here to show that he was surprised by what he saw in his dream and to alert Joseph to pay attention.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '17', 'ya56', '', '', '0', 'baked goods for Pharaoh', '“baked foods for Pharaoh”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '18', 'xb3a', '', '', '0', 'This is the interpretation', '“Here is what the dream means”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '18', 'g2ud', '', '', '0', 'The three baskets are three days', '“The three baskets represent three days”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '19', 'r5pe', '', '', '0', 'will lift up your head from you', 'Joseph also used the phrase “will lift up your head” when he spoke to the cupbearer in [Genesis 40:13](../40/13.md). Here it has a different meaning. Possible meanings are (1) “will lift up your head to put a rope around your neck” or (2) “will lift up your head to cut it off.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '19', 'wcp5', '', '', '0', 'flesh', 'Here “flesh” literally means the soft tissue on a person’s body.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '20', 'va7b', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'It came about on the third day that', '“Afterward, on the third day.” The phrase “it came about” is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '20', 'dfq1', '', '', '0', 'He made a feast', '“He had a feast”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '20', 's2fj', '', '', '0', 'the chief of the cupbearers', 'This was the leading person who prepared and served drinks to the king. See how these were translated in [Genesis 40:2](../40/02.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '20', 'j63e', '', '', '0', 'the chief of the bakers', 'This refers to the leading person who made food for the king. See how this was translated in [Genesis 40:2](../40/02.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '21', 'i37q', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'He restored the chief of the cupbearers to his responsibility', 'The chief of the cupbearer’s “responsibility” refers to his job as chief of the cupbearers. Alternate translation: “He gave the chief of the cupbearers his job back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '22', 'iet6', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'But he hanged the chief of the bakers', 'Pharaoh did not personally hang the baker, rather he commanded for him to be hanged. Alternate translation: “But he commanded for the chief of the bakers to be hanged” or “But he commanded his guards to hang the chief of the bakers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '40', '22', 'hh6d', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'just as Joseph had interpreted to them', 'This refers to when Joseph interpreted their dreams. Alternate translation: “just as Joseph had said would happen when he interpreted the two men’s dreams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', 'intro', 'h6hd', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 41 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### God’s power
The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])

### Interpretation of dreams
The interpretation of dreams was important in the ancient Near East. It was seen as possible only through divine power. Yahweh gave Joseph the power to interpret dreams in order to bring himself glory and to protect Joseph and the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])

### Joseph’s character
Genesis just recorded a period of time where Joseph’s ancestors and brothers struggled with sin. Joseph’s character in this chapter is upright. It gained him great favor in the eyes of Pharaoh and helped to save his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]l, [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '1', 'tw22', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'It came about', 'This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '1', 'y4mv', '', '', '0', 'at the end of two full years', 'Two years passed after Joseph correctly interpreted the dreams of Pharaoh’s cupbearer and baker, who had been in prison with Joseph.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '1', 'l2v3', '', '', '0', 'Behold, he stood', 'The word “behold” here marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this. Alternate translation: “He was surprised because he was standing”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '1', 'd55g', '', '', '0', 'he stood', '“Pharaoh was standing”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '2', 'n2rr', '', '', '0', 'desirable and fat', '“healthy and fat”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '2', 'ka4y', '', '', '0', 'grazed in the reeds', '“were eating the grass along the side of the river”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '2', 'g7bg', '', '', '0', 'reeds', 'tall, thin grasses that grow in wet areas']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '3', 'jk79', '', '', '0', 'Behold, seven other cows', 'The word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was again surprised by what he saw.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '3', 'jmx4', '', '', '0', 'undesirable and thin', '“sick and thin”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '3', 'c414', '', '', '0', 'bank of the river', '“beside the river” or “riverside.” This is the higher ground along the edge of a river.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '4', 'k1gu', '', '', '0', 'undesirable and thin', '“weak and skinny.” See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:3](../41/03.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '4', 'hp6k', '', '', '0', 'desirable and fat', '“healthy and well-fed.” See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:2](../41/02.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '4', 'we5y', '', '', '0', 'woke up', '“awakened”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '5', 'c4an', 'translate-ordinal', '', '0', 'a second time', 'The word “second” is an ordinal number. Alternate translation: “again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '5', 'ua5x', '', '', '0', 'Behold, seven heads', 'The word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he saw.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '5', 'h4g3', '', '', '0', 'heads of grain', 'The heads are parts of the corn plant on which the seeds grow.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '5', 'cd5d', '', '', '0', 'came up on one stalk', '“grew up on one stem.” The stalk is the thick or tall part of a plant.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '5', 'g3qk', '', '', '0', 'on one stalk, wholesome and good', '“on one stock and they were healthy and beautiful”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '6', 'v7ey', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'thin and scorched by the east wind', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that were thin and burned because of the hot wind from the east” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '6', 's21b', '', '', '0', 'the east wind', 'Wind from the east blew in from the desert. The heat of the east wind was often very destructive.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '6', 'tvj9', '', '', '0', 'sprouted up', '“grew up” or “developed”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '7', 'r9xp', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'The thin heads', 'The words “of grain” are understood. Alternate translation: “The thin heads of grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '7', 'v2mi', '', '', '0', 'swallowed up', '“ate.” Pharaoh is dreaming that unhealthy corn could eat healthy corn just like a person eats food.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '7', 'uar4', '', '', '0', 'wholesome and full heads', '“healthy and good heads.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:5](../41/05.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '7', 'e7u2', '', '', '0', 'woke up', '“awakened”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '7', 's4lc', '', '', '0', 'behold', 'The word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he had seen.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '7', 'eke4', '', '', '0', 'it was a dream', '“he had been dreaming”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '8', 'x955', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'It came about', 'This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '8', 'b73z', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'his spirit was troubled', 'Here the word “spirit” refers to his inner being or his emotions. Alternate translation: “he was troubled in his inner being” or “he was troubled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '8', 'na7t', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'He sent and called', 'It is understood that he sent servants. Alternate translation: “He sent his servants to call” or “He sent his servants to summon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '8', 'jy8h', '', '', '0', 'all the magicians and wise men of Egypt', 'Ancient kings and rulers used magicians and wise men as advisers.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '9', 'e1hz', '', '', '0', 'chief cupbearer', 'The most important person who brings drinks to the king. See how you translated this in [Genesis 40:2](../40/02.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '9', 'wmd3', '', '', '0', 'Today I am thinking about my offenses', 'The word “Today” is used for emphasis. His “offenses” are that he should have told Pharaoh something much earlier but he did not. Alternate translation: “I just realized that I forgot to tell you something”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '10', 'a77g', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'Pharaoh was angry', 'The cupbearer is referring to Pharaoh in third person. This is a common way for someone with less power to speak to someone with greater power. Alternate translation: “You, Pharaoh, were angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '10', 'yn3r', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'with his servants', 'Here “his” refers to Pharaoh. Here “servants” refers to the cupbearer and the chief baker. Alternate translation: “with us, your servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '10', 'e32b', '', '', '0', 'put me in custody in the house of the captain of the guard, the chief baker and me', '“put the chief baker and me in the prison where the captain of the guard was in charge.” Here “house” refers to the prison.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '10', 'iz6m', '', '', '0', 'the captain of the guard', 'The soldier in charge of the royal guards. See how you translated this in [Genesis 40:3](../40/03.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '10', 'jp2m', '', '', '0', 'the chief baker', 'The most important person who made food for the king. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 40:2](../40/02.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '11', 'f7vz', '', '', '0', 'We dreamed a dream the same night, he and I', '“One night we both had dreams”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '11', 'uy9u', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'We dreamed', 'Here “We” refers to the chief cupbearer and the chief baker. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '11', 'ku89', '', '', '0', 'We dreamed each man according to the interpretation of his dream', '“Our dreams had different meanings”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '12', 'g7p9', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The chief cupbearer continues to speak to Pharaoh.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '12', 'zu8t', '', '', '0', 'There was with us there', '“In prison there was with the chief baker and me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '12', 'cjy9', '', '', '0', 'the captain of the guard', 'The soldier in charge of the royal guards. See how you translated this in [Genesis 40:3](../40/03.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '12', 'lrw5', '', '', '0', 'We told him and he interpreted for us our dreams', '“We told him our dreams and he explained their meanings to us”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '12', 't5dz', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'He interpreted for each of us according to his dream', 'Here “his” refers to the cupbearer and baker individually, not to the one interpreting the dream. Alternate translation: “He explained what was going to happen to both of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '13', 'p1s7', '', '', '0', 'It came about', 'This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '13', 'zhk8', '', '', '0', 'as he interpreted for us, so it happened', '“what he explained about the dreams is what later happened”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '13', 'fv56', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'Pharaoh restored me to my post', 'Here the cupbearer uses Pharaoh’s title in speaking to him as a way of honoring him. Alternate translation: “You allowed me to return to my job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '13', 'w4yi', '', '', '0', 'the other one', '“the chief baker”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '13', 'fxy2', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'he hanged', 'Here “he” refers to Pharaoh. And, it stands for the soldiers that Pharaoh commanded to hang the chief baker. Alternate translation: “you ordered your soldiers to hang” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '14', 'm2th', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'Pharaoh sent and called for', 'It is understood that Pharaoh sent servants. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh sent his servants to get Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '14', 'l2yw', '', '', '0', 'out of the dungeon', '“out of the jail” or “out of the prison”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '14', 'gm9k', '', '', '0', 'He shaved himself', 'It was common practice to shave both the facial and head hair when preparing to go before Pharaoh.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '14', 'hi7k', 'figs-go', '', '0', 'came in to Pharaoh', 'Here “came” can be stated as “went.” Alternate translation: “went before Pharaoh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '15', 'ye9x', '', '', '0', 'there is no interpreter for it', '“no one can explain the meaning”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '15', 'gl3z', '', '', '0', 'you can interpret it', '“you can explain its meaning”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '16', 'fy4i', '', '', '0', 'It is not in me', '“I am not the one who can explain the meaning”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '16', 'sva8', '', '', '0', 'God will answer Pharaoh with favor', '“God will answer Pharaoh favorably”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '17', 'm7d9', '', '', '0', 'behold, I stood', 'Pharaoh uses the word “behold” to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '17', 'arm4', '', '', '0', 'bank of the Nile', 'This is the higher ground along the edge of the Nile River. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:3](../41/03.md). Alternate translation: “beside the Nile”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '18', 'j94b', '', '', '0', 'Behold, seven cows', 'Pharaoh uses the word “Behold” to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '18', 'q5si', '', '', '0', 'fat and desirable', '“well-fed and healthy.” See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:2](../41/02.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '18', 'ppr3', '', '', '0', 'grazed among the reeds', '“were eating the grass along the side of the river.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:2](../41/02.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '19', 'm34x', '', '', '0', 'Behold, seven other cows', 'Pharaoh uses the word “Behold” to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '19', 'hdi9', '', '', '0', 'undesirable, and thin', '“weak, and skinny.” See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:3](../41/03.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '19', 'ls2h', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'such undesirableness', 'The abstract noun “undesirableness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “such ugly cows” or “such worthless looking cows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '20', 'hr6a', '', '', '0', 'fat cows', '“well-fed cows.” See how you translated this phrase in [Genesis 41:2](../41/02.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '21', 'svd9', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'it could not be known that they had eaten them', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one would have been able to tell that the thin cows had eaten the fat cows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '22', 'jga7', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Pharaoh continues telling Joseph his dreams.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '22', 'kz2w', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'I looked in my dream', 'This begins Pharaoh’s next dream after he woke up and went back to sleep. Alternate translation: “Then I dreamed again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '22', 'pj1p', '', '', '0', 'behold, seven heads', 'Pharaoh uses the word “Behold” to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '22', 'rt6d', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'seven heads', 'The words “of grain” are understood. Alternate translation: “seven heads of grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '22', 'p2uk', '', '', '0', 'came up upon one stalk', '“grew up on one stem.” The stalk is the thick or tall part of a plant. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:5](../41/05.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '23', 'sy8n', '', '', '0', 'withered', 'dead and dried']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '23', 'ia4j', '', '', '0', 'sprang up', '“grew up” or “developed”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '24', 'g4ud', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'The thin heads', 'The words “of grain” are understood. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:7](../41/07.md). Alternate translation: “The thin heads of grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '24', 'lf37', '', '', '0', 'swallowed up', '“ate.” Pharaoh is dreaming that unhealthy corn could eat healthy corn just like a person eats food. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:7](../41/07.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '24', 'zf3j', '', '', '0', 'there was none that could', '“there was not a single one that could” or “none of them could”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '25', 'q6cy', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'The dreams of Pharaoh are the same', 'It is implied that the meanings are the same. Alternate translation: “Both dreams mean the same thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '25', 'q4kq', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'What God is about to do, he has declared to Pharaoh', 'Joseph speaks to Pharaoh in the third person. This is a way of showing respect. It can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “God is showing you what he will soon do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '26', 'xnj6', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'seven good heads', 'The words “of grain” are understood. Alternate translation: “seven good heads of grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '27', 'k368', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Joseph continues his interpretation of Pharaoh’s dreams']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '27', 'is68', '', '', '0', 'thin and undesirable cows', '“skinny and weak cows.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:3](../41/03.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '27', 'rw51', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'seven thin heads scorched by the east wind', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “seven thin heads of grain scorched because of the hot wind from the east” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '28', 'ik53', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'That is the thing which I spoke to Pharaoh…revealed to Pharaoh', 'Joseph speaks to Pharaoh in the third person. This is a way of showing respect. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “These events will happen just as I have told you…revealed to you, Pharaoh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '28', 'xq53', '', '', '0', 'he has revealed', '“he has made known”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '29', 'uzi8', '', '', '0', 'Look, seven', '“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: seven”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '29', 'q9lh', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'seven years of great abundance will come throughout all the land of Egypt', 'This speaks about the years of abundance as if time is something that travels and comes to a place. Alternate translation: “there will be seven years in which there will be plenty of food throughout the land of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '30', 'a869', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Joseph continues interpreting Pharaoh’s dreams.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '30', 'y7lx', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Seven years of famine will come after them', 'This speaks about the seven years of famine as if they are something that travels and comes to a place. Alternate translation: “Then there will be seven years when there is very little food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '30', 'zb38', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'all the abundance will be forgotten…and the famine will devastate the land', 'Joseph expresses an idea in two ways to emphasize its importance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '30', 'gz1x', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'all the abundance will be forgotten in the land of Egypt', 'Here “land” refers to the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people of Egypt will forget about the years in which there was plenty of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '30', 'tuu7', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'will devastate the land', 'Here “land” refers to the soil, the people, and the entire country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '31', 'a4xl', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'The abundance will not be remembered…because of the famine that will follow', 'Joseph expresses an idea in two ways to emphasize its importance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '31', 'qf5c', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'because of the famine that will follow', 'This speaks about the famine as if it were a thing that travels and follows behind something else. Alternate translation: “because of the time of famine that will happen afterwards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '32', 'k4qw', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'That the dream was repeated to Pharaoh is because the matter has been established by God', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave you two dreams to show you that he will certainly cause these things to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '33', 'i8w9', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Joseph continues to address Pharaoh']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '33', 'qex3', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '33', 'a6dg', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'let Pharaoh look', 'Joseph speaks to Pharaoh in third person. This is a way of showing respect. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “You, Pharaoh, should look” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '33', 'w17p', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'put him over the land of Egypt', 'The phrase “put him over” means to give someone authority. Alternate translation: “give him authority over the kingdom of Egypt” or “put him in charge of the kingdom of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '33', 't3pi', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'land of Egypt', 'Here “land” stands for all the people and everything in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '34', 'vy8h', 'translate-fraction', '', '0', 'let them take a fifth of the crops of Egypt', 'The word “fifth” is a fraction. Alternate translation: “let them divide the crops of Egypt into five equal parts, then take one of those parts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '34', 'q92v', '', '', '0', 'in the seven abundant years', '“during the seven years in which there is plenty of food”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '35', 'w1if', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Joseph continues to counsel Pharaoh']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '35', 'ea47', '', '', '0', 'Let them gather', '“Allow the overseers to gather”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '35', 'ru7g', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'of these good years that are coming', 'This speaks of years as if they are something that travels and comes to a place. Alternate translation: “during the good years that will soon happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '35', 'rc85', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'store up grain under the authority of Pharaoh', 'The phrase “under the authority of Pharaoh” means Pharaoh gives them authority. Alternate translation: “use the authority of Pharaoh to store the grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '35', 'q2j1', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'They should preserve it', 'The word “they” refers to the overseers and represents the soldiers that they should command to guard the grain. Alternate translation: “The overseers should leave soldiers there to guard the grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '36', 'r5dj', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'The food will be a supply for the land', 'Here “land” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “This food will be for the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '36', 'ytd1', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'In this way the land will not be devastated by the famine', 'Here “land” stands for the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “This way the people will not starve during the famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '37', 'd6hd', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'This advice was good in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of all his servants', 'The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh and his servants thought this was a good plan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '37', 'lvg2', '', '', '0', 'his servants', 'This means Pharaoh’s officials.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '38', 'xmh3', '', '', '0', 'such a man as this', '“a man like the one Joseph described”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '38', 'wl54', '', '', '0', 'in whom is the Spirit of God', '“in whom the Spirit of God lives”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '39', 'v53h', '', '', '0', 'there is none so discerning', '“no one else is as capable in making decisions.” See how you translated “discerning” in [Genesis 41:33](../41/33.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '40', 'ej2d', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'You will be over my house', 'Here “house” stands for Pharaoh’s palace and the people in the palace. The phrase “will be over” means Joseph will have authority over. Alternate translation: “You will be in charge of everyone in my palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '40', 'f76b', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'according to your word will all my people be ruled', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will rule over my people and they will do what you command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '40', 'v1tq', '', '', '0', 'Only in the throne', 'Here “throne” stands for Pharaoh’s rule as king. Alternate translation: “Only in my role as king”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '41', 'r2t9', '', '', '0', 'See, I have put you', 'The word “See” adds emphasis to what Pharaoh says next. Alternate translation: “Look, I have put you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '41', 'vl42', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'I have put you over all the land of Egypt', 'The phrase “put you over” means to give authority. Here “land” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “I put you in charge of everyone in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '42', 'f9g4', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'Pharaoh took off his signet ring…gold chain on his neck', 'All of these actions symbolize that Pharaoh is giving Joseph the authority to do everything that Joseph planned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '42', 'i15i', '', '', '0', 'signet ring', 'This ring had Pharaoh’s seal engraved on it. This gave Joseph the authority and money needed to carry out his plans.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '42', 'vl94', '', '', '0', 'clothes of fine linen', '“Linen” here is a smooth, strong cloth made from the blue-flowered flax plant.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '43', 'i4am', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'He had him ride in the second chariot which he possessed', 'This act makes clear to the people that Joseph is second only to Pharaoh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '43', 'u4gp', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'Bend the knee', '“Bow down and honor Joseph.” To bend the knee and bow down was a sign of honor and respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '43', 'wmr4', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Pharaoh put him over all the land', 'The phrase “put you over” means to give authority. Here “land” refers to the people. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 41:41](../41/41.md). Alternate translation: “I put you in charge of everyone in Egypt”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '44', 'v9ec', '', '', '0', 'I am Pharaoh, and apart from you', 'Pharaoh is emphasizing his authority. Alternate translation: “As Pharaoh, I command that apart from you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '44', 'els8', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'apart from you, no man will lift his hand or his foot in all the land of Egypt', 'Here “hand” and “foot” stand for a person’s actions. Alternate translation: “no person in Egypt will do anything without your permission” or “every person in Egypt must ask your permission before they do anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '44', 'y8gj', 'figs-gendernotations', '', '0', 'no man', 'Here “man” refers to any person in general, whether male or female. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '45', 'wx8j', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Zaphenath-Paneah', 'Translators may add the following footnote: The name Zaphenath-Paneah means “a revealer of secrets.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '45', 'c92a', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'He gave him Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera priest of On, as a wife', 'Priests in Egypt were the highest and most privileged caste. This marriage signifies Joseph’s place of honor and privilege. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '45', 'g53x', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'gave him Asenath', '“Asenath” is the name of the woman whom Pharaoh gave to Joseph as his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '45', 'j862', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'daughter of Potiphera', '“Potiphera” is the father of Asenath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '45', 'fhe9', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'priest of On', 'On is a city, also called Heliopolis, which was “the City of the Sun” and the center of worship of the sun god Ra. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '45', 'rx5u', '', '', '0', 'Joseph went out over the land of Egypt', 'Joseph traveled over the land to supervise the preparations for the coming drought.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '46', 'u8rk', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'thirty years old', '“30 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '46', 'iwd6', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'when he stood before Pharaoh', 'Here “stood before” stands for Joseph starting to serve Pharaoh. Alternate translation: “when he started to serve Pharaoh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '46', 'x22j', '', '', '0', 'went throughout all the land of Egypt', 'Joseph is inspecting the country as he prepares to carry out his plans.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '47', 'l6p5', '', '', '0', 'In the seven bountiful years', '“During the seven good years”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '47', 'ye1w', '', '', '0', 'the land produced abundantly', '“the land produced big harvests”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '48', 'm4bl', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'He gathered up…He put', 'Here “He” stands for Joseph’s servants. Alternate translation: “Joseph ordered his servants to gather…They put” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '49', 'yr1c', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Joseph stored up grain like the sand of the sea', 'This compares the grain to the sand of sea to emphasize its great quantity. Alternate translation: “The grain that Joseph stored was as plentiful as the sand on the seashore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '49', 'l1uq', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'Joseph stored up…he stopped', 'Here “Joseph” and “he” stand for Joseph’s servants. Alternate translation: “Joseph had his servants store up…they stopped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '50', 'r3fd', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'before the years of famine came', 'This speaks about years as if they are something that travels and comes to a place. Alternate translation: “before the seven years of the famine began” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '50', 'ut7u', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Asenath', 'a woman’s name. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45](../41/45.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '50', 'k2hl', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'daughter of Potiphera', '“Potiphera” is the father of Asenath. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45](../41/45.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '50', 'yb1j', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'priest of On', 'On is a city, also called Heliopolis, which was “the City of the Sun” and the center of worship of the sun god Ra. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45](../41/45.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '51', 'd3cd', '', '', '0', 'Manasseh', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says, “The name ‘Manasseh’ means ‘to cause to forget.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '51', 'b4g6', '', '', '0', 'father’s household', 'This refers to Joseph’s father Jacob and his family.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '52', 'js3c', '', '', '0', 'Ephraim', 'Translators may also add a footnote that says, “The name ‘Ephraim’ means ‘to be fruitful’ or ‘to have children.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '52', 'l6jr', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'made me fruitful', 'Here “fruitful” means to prosper or to have children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '52', 'nz8y', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'in the land of my affliction', 'The abstract noun “affliction” can be stated as “I have suffered.” Alternate translation: “in this land where I have suffered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '54', 'z4db', '', '', '0', 'in all lands', 'In all the surrounding nations beyond Egypt, including the land of Canaan.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '54', 'ixd6', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'but in all the land of Egypt there was food', 'It is implied that there was food because of Joseph commanded his people to store food during the seven good years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '55', 'c2ia', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'When all the land of Egypt was famished', 'Here “land” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “When all the Egyptians were starving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '56', 'qr6m', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'The famine was over all the face of the whole land', 'The word “face” refers to the surface of the land. Alternate translation: “The famine had spread throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '56', 'fa43', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'Joseph opened all the storehouses and sold to the Egyptians', 'Here “Joseph” stands for Joseph’s servants. Alternate translation: “Joseph had his servants open all the storehouses and sell grain to the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '57', 't13u', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'All the earth was coming to Egypt', 'Here “earth” stands for the people from all regions. Alternate translation: “People were coming to Egypt from all the surrounding regions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '41', '57', 'ci2w', '', '', '0', 'in all the earth', '“throughout the land.” It is likely that all the different trading partners and nations that were part of the Egyptian trading routes effected by the drought came to Egypt for grain.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', 'intro', 'c5l2', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 42 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Famine
Apparently this famine extended beyond Egypt and encompassed the land of Canaan too. Because of Egypt’s size and power, it would not have been unusual for people to go there in times of need. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

### Joseph’s test
Joseph tests his brothers to see if they are good. They treat their brother Benjamin better than they treated Joseph and tried to protect him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '1', 'c5d3', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'Now Jacob became', 'The word “Now” marks a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '1', 'p1y2', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Why do you look at one another?', 'Jacob uses a question to scold his sons for not doing anything about the grain. Alternate translation: “Do not just sit here!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '2', 'h23z', '', '', '0', 'Go down there', 'It was common to speak of going from Canaan to Egypt as going “down.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '3', 'vr9m', '', '', '0', 'went down', 'It was common to speak of going from Canaan to Egypt as going “down.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '3', 'i5iq', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'from Egypt', 'Here “Egypt” refers to the people selling grain. Alternate translation: “from those selling grain in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '4', 'rt23', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Jacob did not send Benjamin, Joseph’s brother, with his brothers', 'Benjamin and Joseph had the same father and mother; their mother was different from the mothers of the other brothers. Jacob did not want to risk sending Rachel’s last son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '5', 'p382', 'figs-go', '', '0', 'The sons of Israel came to buy among those who came', 'The word “came” can be translated as “went.” Also, the words “grain” and “Egypt” are understood. Alternate translation: “The sons of Israel went to by grain along with other people who went to Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '6', 'e78a', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Now Joseph', '“Now” marks a change from the story to background information about Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '6', 'xw5p', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'over the land', 'Here “land” refers to Egypt. Alternate translation: “over Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '6', 'cck6', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'all the people of the land', 'Here “land” includes Egypt and other surrounding countries. Alternate translation: “all the people of all the nations that came to buy grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '6', 'bdb9', 'figs-go', '', '0', 'Joseph’s brothers came', 'Here “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '6', 's5ws', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'bowed down to him with their faces to the ground', 'This is a way of showing respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '7', 'nq51', '', '', '0', 'Joseph saw his brothers and recognized them', '“When Joseph saw his brothers, he recognized them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '7', 'cu87', '', '', '0', 'he disguised himself to them', '“he acted like he was not their brother” or “he did not let them know that he was their brother”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '7', 'n3p8', '', '', '0', 'Where have you come from?', 'This was not a rhetorical question even though Joseph knew the answer. It was part of his choice to keep his identity from his brothers.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '9', 'dv8w', '', '', '0', 'You are spies', 'Spies are people who secretly try to get information about a country to help another country.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '9', 'y5kw', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'You have come to see the undefended parts of the land', 'The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “You have come to find out where we are not guarding our land so that you can attack us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '10', 'l89u', '', '', '0', 'my master', 'This is a way to refer to someone to honor them.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '10', 'e1z7', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'Your servants have', 'The brothers refer to themselves as “your servants.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “We, your servants, have” or “We have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '12', 'i9sn', '', '', '0', 'He said to them', '“Joseph said to his brothers”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '12', 'ca6s', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'No, you have come to see the undefended parts of the land', 'The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “No, you have come to find out where we are not guarding our land so that you can attack us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '13', 'vj1h', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'twelve brothers', '“12 brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '13', 'wv8h', '', '', '0', 'See, the youngest', '“Listen to us, the youngest.” The word “See” is used to emphasize what they say next.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '13', 'g7cm', '', '', '0', 'the youngest is this day with our father', '“right now our youngest brother is with our father”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '14', 'ff9z', '', '', '0', 'It is what I said to you; you are spies', '“like I already said, you are spies.” See how you translated “spies” in [Genesis 42:9](../42/09.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '15', 'iq1v', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'By this you will be tested', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “This is how I will test you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '15', 'j3zj', '', '', '0', 'By the life of Pharaoh', 'This phrase indicates a solemn oath. Alternate translation: “I swear by the life of Pharaoh”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '16', 'dz9i', '', '', '0', 'Send one of yourselves and let him get your brother', '“Choose one of you to go get your brother”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '16', 'fxw4', '', '', '0', 'You will remain in prison', '“The rest of you will remain in prison”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '16', 'dnr5', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'that your words may be tested, whether there is truth in you', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that I may find out if you are telling the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '17', 'fat5', '', '', '0', 'in custody', '“in prison”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '18', 'qus3', 'translate-ordinal', '', '0', 'on the third day', 'The word “third” is an ordinal number. Alternate translation: “after the second day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '18', 'gh5e', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'Do this and live', 'The understood information can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “If you will do what I say, I will let you live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '18', 'h8lm', '', '', '0', 'fear God', 'This refers to deeply respecting God and showing that respect by obeying him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '19', 'r62p', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'let one of your brothers be confined in this prison', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “leave one of your brothers here in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '19', 's1pk', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'but you go', 'Here “you” is plural and refers to all the brothers that will not stay in prison. Alternate translation: “but the rest of you go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '19', 'f5t4', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'carry grain for the famine of your houses', 'Here “houses” stands for families. Alternate translation: “carry grain home to help your family during this famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '20', 'r5ua', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'so your words will be verified', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so I may know what you say is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '20', 'p88a', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'you will not die', 'This implies that Joseph would have his soldiers execute the brothers if he finds out they are spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '21', 's33g', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'in that we saw the distress of his soul', 'The word “soul” stands for Joseph. Alternate translation: “because we saw how distressed Joseph was” or “because we saw that Joseph was suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '21', 'hc4a', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'Therefore this distress has come upon us', 'The abstract noun “distress” can be stated as the verb “suffering.” Alternate translation: “That is why we are suffering like this now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '22', 'brj8', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Did I not tell you, ‘Do not sin against the boy,’ but you would not listen?', 'Reuben uses a question to scold his brothers. Alternate translation: “I told you not to hurt the boy, but you would not listen!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '22', 'n5z3', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'Did I not tell you, ‘Do not sin against the boy,’ but', 'This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Did I not tell you not to sin against the boy, but” or “I told you not to harm the boy, but” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '22', 'eap3', '', '', '0', 'Now, see', 'Here “Now” does not mean “at this moment,” but both “Now” and “see” are used to draw attention to the important point that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '22', 'pn25', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'his blood is required of us', 'Here “blood” stands for Joseph’s death. His brothers thought Joseph was dead. The phrase “is required of us” means they must be punished for what they did. Alternate translation: “we are getting what we deserve for his death” or “we are suffering for having killed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '23', 'lqt2', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'They did not know…an interpreter between them', 'This shifts from the main story line to background information that explains why the brothers thought Joseph could not understand them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '23', 'p4pm', '', '', '0', 'an interpreter', 'An “interpreter” is someone who translates what one person says into another language. Joseph placed an interpreter between himself and his brothers to make it seem like he did not speak their language.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '24', 'ciy7', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'He turned from them and wept', 'It is implied that Joseph wept because he was emotional after hearing what his brothers said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '24', 'wf1i', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'spoke to them', 'Joseph was still speaking a different language and using the interpreter to speak to his brothers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '24', 'w4b7', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'bound him before their eyes', 'Here the people are represented by their “eyes” to emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: “bound him in their sight” or “bound him as they watched” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '25', 'y2fl', '', '', '0', 'to give them provisions', '“to give them the supplies they needed”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '25', 'bf12', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'It was done for them', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The servants did for them everything that Joseph commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '27', 'gcn4', '', '', '0', 'As one of them opened his sack to give his donkey feed in the lodging place, he saw his money. Behold, it was in the opening of his sack', '“When they stopped at a place for the night, one of the brothers opened his sack to get food for his donkey. In the sack he saw his money!”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '27', 'w3t1', '', '', '0', 'Behold', 'The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '28', 'g184', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'My money has been put back', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone has put my money back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '28', 'df3i', '', '', '0', 'Look at it', '“Look in my sack!”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '28', 'b9ha', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Their hearts sank', 'To become afraid is spoken of as if their heart were sinking. Here “hearts” stands for courage. Alternate translation: “They became very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '30', 'q8iz', '', '', '0', 'lord of the land', '“the lord of Egypt”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '30', 'd1km', '', '', '0', 'spoke roughly', '“spoke harshly”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '30', 'zie5', '', '', '0', 'we were spies', 'Spies are people who secretly try to get information about a country to help another country. See how you translated “spies” in [Genesis 42:9](../42/09.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '31', 'i7g6', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'We said to him, ‘We are honest men. We are not spies.', 'This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. “We told him that we are honest men and not spies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '32', 'e88f', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'We are twelve brothers, sons of our father. One is no longer alive…land of Canaan.’', 'The quotation within a quotation that began with the words “We said to him, ‘We are honest men…not spies. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. “We told him that we are honest men…not spies. We said that we are twelve brothers, sons of our father, and that one brother is no longer alive…land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '32', 'xh3d', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'One is no longer alive', 'The word “brother” is understood. Alternate translation: “One brother is no longer alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '32', 'e6lq', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'the youngest is this day with our father', 'The word “brother” is understood. Alternate translation: “the youngest brother is with our father right now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '33', 'fu6f', '', '', '0', 'the lord of the land', '“The lord of Egypt”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '33', 'a8kj', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'take grain for the famine in your houses', 'Here “houses” stands for “family.” Alternate translation: “take grain to help your family during the famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '33', 'gg5l', '', '', '0', 'go your way', '“go home” or “leave”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '34', 'ny2q', '', '', '0', 'you will trade in the land', '“I will allow you to buy and sell in this land”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '35', 'fhb9', '', '', '0', 'It came about', 'This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '35', 'nu84', '', '', '0', 'behold, every', '“they were surprised because every”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '36', 'y5x1', '', '', '0', 'You have bereaved me of my children', '“you have deprived me of my children” or “you have caused me to lose two of my children”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '36', 'h9h6', '', '', '0', 'All these things are against me', '“all these things hurt me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '37', 'a4d7', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Put him in my hands', 'This is a request for Reuben to take Benjamin with him and to care for him on the journey. Alternate translation: “Put me in charge of him” or “Let me take care of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '38', 'j7bu', '', '', '0', 'My son will not go down with you', 'It was common to use the phrase “go down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. Alternate translation: “My son, Benjamin, will not go with you to Egypt”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '38', 'gb7z', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'with you', 'Here “you” is plural and refers to Jacob’s older sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '38', 'vm4r', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'For his brother is dead and he alone is left', 'The full meaning can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “For my wife, Rachel, only had two children. Joseph is dead and Benjamin is the only one left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '38', 'jj7h', '', '', '0', 'on the road in which you go', '“while you a traveling to Egypt and back” or “while you are away.” Here “road” stands for traveling.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '38', 'mk1r', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'then you will bring down my gray hair with sorrow to Sheol', 'To “bring down…to Sheol” is way of saying they will cause him to die and go to Sheol. He uses the word “down” because it was commonly believed sheol is somewhere underground. Alternate translation: “then you will cause me, an old man, to die of sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '42', '38', 'b5eg', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'my gray hair', 'This stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Alternate translation: “me, an old man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', 'intro', 'b7av', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 43 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Israel’s concern
Israel is concerned over his favored son, Benjamin. He is also confused about the reason the Egyptian official treated them so kindly. This caused him some concern. It is possible he thought his sons were lying to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '1', 'l7ym', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'The famine was severe in the land', 'The word “Canaan” is understood. This information can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The famine was severe in the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '2', 'af37', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'It came about', 'This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '2', 'j2pr', '', '', '0', 'when they had eaten', '“when Jacob and his family had eaten”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '2', 'y9y8', '', '', '0', 'they had brought', '“Jacob’s older sons had brought”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '2', 'cwa3', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'buy us', 'Here “us” refers to Jacob, his sons, and the rest of the family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '3', 'a11c', '', '', '0', 'Judah told him', '“Judah told his father Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '3', 'xp8m', '', '', '0', 'The man', 'This refers to Joseph, but the brothers did not know it was Joseph. They referred to him as “the man” or “the man, the lord of the land” as in [Genesis 42:30](../42/30.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '3', 't3f5', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'warned us, ‘You will not see my face unless your brother is with you.’', 'This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “warned us that we would not see his face unless we brought our youngest brother with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '3', 'w1ix', '', '', '0', 'solemnly warned us', '“was very serious when he warned us, saying”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '3', 'jb64', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'You will not see my face', 'Judah uses this phrase twice in 43:3-5 to emphasize to his father that they cannot return to Egypt without Benjamin. The phrase “my face” refers to the man, who is Joseph. Alternate translation: “You will not see me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '3', 'enw5', '', '', '0', 'your brother is with you', 'Judah is referring to Benjamin, Rachel’s last born before she died.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '5', 'db22', '', '', '0', 'we will not go down', 'It was common to use the phrase “go down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '6', 'e9fz', '', '', '0', 'Why did you treat me so badly', '“Why did you cause me so much trouble”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '7', 'q6ea', '', '', '0', 'The man asked details', '“The man asked many questions”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '7', 'x1z8', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'about us', 'Here “us” is exclusive and refers to the brothers who went to Egypt and spoke with “the man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '7', 'c5sn', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'He said, ‘Is your father still alive? Do you have another brother?’', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “He asked us directly if our father was still alive and if we had another brother.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '7', 'g7db', '', '', '0', 'We answered him according to these questions', '“We answered the questions he asked us”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '7', 'j654', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'How could we have known that he would say…down?', 'The sons use a question emphasize that the did not know what the man would tell them to do. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We did not know he would say…down!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '7', 'wzh2', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'he would say, ‘Bring your brother down?’', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “he would tell us to bring our brother down to Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '7', 'v3xy', '', '', '0', 'Bring your brother down', 'It was common to use the word “down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '8', 'l94l', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'We will rise and go that we may live and not die, both we, you, and also our children', 'The phrases “we may live” and “not die” mean the same thing. Judah is emphasizing that they have to buy food in Egypt in order to survive. Alternate translation: “We will go now to Egypt and get grain so our whole family will live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '8', 'mh3d', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'We will rise', 'Here “We” refers to the brothers who will travel to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '8', 'k6f4', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'we may live', 'Here “we” refers to the brothers, Israel, and the whole family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '8', 'cpz3', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'both we', 'Here “we” refers to the brothers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '8', 'uy53', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'we, you', 'Here “you” is singular and refers to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '8', 'tl69', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'also our children', 'Here “our” refers to the brothers. This refers to the small children who were most likely to die during a famine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '9', 'y9c3', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'I will be a guarantee for him', 'The abstract noun “guarantee” can be stated as the verb “promise.” Alternate translation: “I will promise to bring him back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '9', 'c8cl', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'You will hold me responsible', 'How Jacob will hold Judah responsible can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “You will make me answer to you about what happens to Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '9', 'bru3', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'let me bear the blame', 'This speaks about “blame” as if it were an object that a person has to carry. Alternate translation: “you may blame me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '10', 'c1nb', 'figs-hypo', '', '0', 'For if we had not delayed', 'Judah is describing something that could have happened in the past but did not. Judah is scolding his father for waiting so long to send his sons to Egypt to get more food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '10', 'gig8', '', '', '0', 'we would have come back here a second time', '“we would have returned twice”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '11', 'qd28', '', '', '0', 'If it be so, now do this', '“If this is our only choice, then do it”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '11', 'vqb7', '', '', '0', 'Carry down', 'It was common to use the word “down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '11', 'dp26', '', '', '0', 'balm', 'an oily substance with a sweet smell used for healing and protecting skin. See how you translated this word in [Genesis 37:25](../37/25.md). Alternate translation: “medicine”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '11', 'a7it', '', '', '0', 'spices', 'seasonings. See how you translated these words in [Genesis 37:25](../37/25.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '11', 'qbj2', 'translate-unknown', '', '0', 'pistachio nuts', 'small, green tree nuts (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '11', 'd1a7', 'translate-unknown', '', '0', 'almonds', 'tree nuts with a sweet flavor (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '12', 'vd8z', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'Take double money in your hand', 'Here “hand” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Take double the money with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '12', 'wm87', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'The money that was returned in the opening of your sacks, carry again in your hand', 'Here “hand” stands for the whole person. The phrase “that was returned” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “take back to Egypt the money someone put in your sacks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '13', 'xn4a', '', '', '0', 'Take also your brother', '“Take also Benjamin”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '13', 'l12h', '', '', '0', 'go again', '“return”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '14', 'e786', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'May God Almighty give you mercy before the man', 'The abstract noun “mercy” can be stated as the adjective “kind.” Alternate translation: “May God Almighty cause the man to be kind to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '14', 'vf2h', '', '', '0', 'your other brother', '“Simeon”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '14', 'u7v1', '', '', '0', 'If I am bereaved of my children, I am bereaved', '“If I lose my children, then I lose my children.” This means that Jacob knows he must accept whatever happens to his sons.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '15', 'f3ts', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'in their hand they took', 'Here “hand” refers to the entire person. Alternate translation: “they took” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '15', 'xlh5', '', '', '0', 'went down to Egypt', 'It was common to use the phrase “went down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '16', 'ld98', '', '', '0', 'Benjamin with them', '“Benjamin with Joseph’s older brothers”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '16', 'w4n3', '', '', '0', 'the steward of his house', 'The “steward” was responsible for managing Joseph’s household activities.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '17', 'cfq1', 'figs-go', '', '0', 'He brought the men', 'Here “brought” can be translated as “took.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '17', 'wk2w', '', '', '0', 'to Joseph’s house', '“into Joseph’s house”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '18', 'ft1a', '', '', '0', 'The men were afraid', '“Joseph’s brothers were afraid”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '18', 'rw47', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'they were brought to Joseph’s house', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they were going into Joseph’s house” or “the steward was taking them into Joseph’s house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '18', 'rx9m', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'It is because of the money that was returned in our sacks the first time we were brought in', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The steward is bringing us into the house because of the money that someone put back in our sacks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '18', 'tl4h', '', '', '0', 'that he may seek an opportunity against us. He might arrest us', 'This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “He is waiting for the opportunity to accuse us, so that he might arrest us”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '20', 'pmz6', '', '', '0', 'we came down', 'It is common to use the phrase “came down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '21', 'y72v', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'The brothers continue speaking to the steward of the house.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '21', 'e2g8', '', '', '0', 'It came about', 'This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '21', 'pjc8', '', '', '0', 'when we reached the lodging place', '“when we came to the place that we were going to stay for the night”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '21', 'nc2k', '', '', '0', 'behold', 'The word “behold” here shows that the brothers were surprised by what they saw.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '21', 'hf98', '', '', '0', 'every man’s money was in the opening of his sack, our money in full weight', '“each one of us found the full amount of his money in his sack”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '21', 'be34', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'We have brought it back in our hands', 'Here “hands” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “We have brought the money back with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '22', 'nd43', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'Other money we have also brought down in our hand to buy food', 'Here “hand” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “We have also brought more money to buy food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '22', 'q64s', '', '', '0', 'brought down', 'It common to use the word “down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '23', 'g7nj', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'Peace be to you', 'The abstract noun “Peace” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Relax” or “Calm yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '23', 'y651', '', '', '0', 'Your God and the God of your father', 'The stewards is not speaking about two different Gods. Alternate translation: “Your God, the God your father worships”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '24', 'wwj3', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'washed their feet', 'This custom helped tired travelers to refresh themselves after walking long distances. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '24', 'q981', '', '', '0', 'feed to their donkeys', '“Feed” is dry food that is set aside for animals']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '26', 'jf2d', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'they brought the gifts which were in their hand', 'Here “hand” stands for the entire person. Alternate translation: “the brothers brought the gifts they had with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '26', 'a4p7', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'bowed down before him', 'This is a way of showing honor and respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '28', 'uc51', '', '', '0', 'Your servant our father', 'They refer to their father as “Your servant” to show respect. Alternate translation: “Our father who serves you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '28', 'lk7k', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'They prostrated themselves and bowed down', 'These words basically mean the same thing. They laid down in front of the man to show him respect. Alternate translation: “They bowed down in front of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '29', 'ca4h', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'he lifted up his eyes', 'This means “he looked up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '29', 'vr6v', '', '', '0', 'his mother’s son, and he said', 'This can be translated with a new sentence. Alternate translation: “his mother’s son. Joseph said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '29', 'j5nt', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Is this your youngest brother…me?', 'Possible meanings are (1) Joseph is truly asking a question to confirm that this man is Benjamin, or (2) it is a rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “So this is your youngest brother…me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '29', 'en2a', '', '', '0', 'my son', 'This is a friendly way one man speaks to another man of lower rank. Alternate translation: “young man”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '30', 'w15d', '', '', '0', 'hurried to go out of the room', '“hurried out of the room”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '30', 'ttv5', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'for he was deeply moved about his brother', 'The phrase “deeply moved” refers to having a strong feeling or emotion when something important happens. Alternate translation: “for he had strong feelings of compassion for his brother” or “for he had strong feelings of affection for his brother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '31', 's76h', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'saying', 'It can be made explicit to whom Joseph is speaking. Alternate translation: “and said to his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '31', 'jr7a', '', '', '0', 'Serve the food', 'This means to distribute the food so that people may eat.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '32', 'dj49', '', '', '0', 'The servants served Joseph by himself and the brothers by themselves. The Egyptians there ate with him by themselves', 'This means that Joseph, the brothers, and the other Egyptians are eating in three different places within the same room. Alternate translation: “The servants served Joseph by himself and the brothers by themselves and the Egyptians, who were eating with him, by themselves”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '32', 'k54i', '', '', '0', 'The Egyptians there ate with him by themselves', 'These are probably other Egyptian officials who ate with Joseph, but they still sat separately from him and the Hebrew brothers.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '32', 'bz5r', '', '', '0', 'because the Egyptians could not eat bread with the Hebrews, for that is detestable to the Egyptians', 'This can be translated as a new sentence: “They did this because the Egyptians thought it was shameful to eat with the Hebrews”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '32', 'dn35', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'could not eat bread', 'Here “bread” stands for food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '33', 'uk7w', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'The brothers sat before him', 'It is implied that Joseph had arranged where each brother would sit. You can make clear the implied information. Alternate translation: “The brothers sat across from the man, according to how he arranged their places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '33', 'v5sa', 'figs-merism', '', '0', 'the firstborn according to his birthright, and the youngest according to his youth', 'The “firstborn” and the “youngest” are used together to mean all the brothers were sitting in order according to their age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '33', 'c4tk', '', '', '0', 'The men were astonished together', '“The men were very surprised when they realized this”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '43', '34', 'nus6', '', '', '0', 'But Benjamin’s portion was five times as much as any of his brothers', 'The phrase “five times” can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: “But Benjamin received a portion that was much bigger than what his brothers received”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', 'intro', 'r27n', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 44 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Judah’s sacrifice
Judah is willing to sacrifice himself in order to save Benjamin, the favored son of Jacob. Judah’s descendants will become the leaders of the Israelites and the godliest of the twelve tribes of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### Joseph’s test

Joseph tests his brothers to see if they are good. They treat their brother Benjamin better than they treated Joseph and tried to protect him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '1', 'bf9w', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'This begins a new event in the story. Most likely this is the next morning after the feast.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '1', 'nsj3', '', '', '0', 'steward of his house', 'The “steward” was responsible for managing Joseph’s household activities.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '1', 'md4j', '', '', '0', 'every man’s money', 'Their money was silver coins most likely in a small bag.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '1', 'bx7r', '', '', '0', 'in his sack’s opening', '“in his sack”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '2', 'pgt5', '', '', '0', 'Put my cup, the silver cup', '“Put my silver cup”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '2', 'in3i', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'in the sack’s opening of the youngest', 'The word “brother” is understood. Alternate translation: “in the youngest brother’s sack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '3', 'd7pr', '', '', '0', 'The morning dawned', '“The morning light shown”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '3', 'cwc8', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'the men were sent away, they and their donkeys', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they sent the men away, along with their donkeys” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '4', 'd17q', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Why have you returned evil for good?', 'This question is used to scold the brothers. Alternate translation: “You have treated us badly, after we were good to you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '5', 'kx3l', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Is this not the cup from which my master drinks, and the cup that he uses for divination?', 'This question is used to scold the brothers. Alternate translation: “You already know that this is the cup that my master uses for drinking and for fortune telling!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '5', 'am17', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'You have done evil, this thing that you have done', 'This repeats “you have done” for emphasis. Alternate translation: “What you have done is very evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '6', 'rt6m', '', '', '0', 'spoke these words to them', '“spoke what Joseph told him to say”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '7', 'cd44', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Why does my master speak such words as these?', 'Here “words” stands for what was said. The brothers refer to the steward as “my master.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “Why are you saying this, my master?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '7', 'zls8', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'Far be it from your servants that they would do such a thing.', 'The brothers refer to themselves as “your servants” and “they.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “We would never do such a thing!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '7', 'uhb8', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Far be it from your servants', 'Something that a person would never do is spoken of as if it were an object that person wants to put very far from himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '8', 'mb88', '', '', '0', 'Look, the money', '“Listen to what we are about to say and you will see that we are speaking the truth: the money”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '8', 'z4pq', '', '', '0', 'the money that we found in our sacks’ openings', '“you know the money that we found in our sacks”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '8', 'cwc6', '', '', '0', 'we brought again to you out of the land of Canaan', '“we brought back to you from Canaan”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '8', 'zeg7', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'How then could we steal out of your master’s house silver or gold?', 'The brothers use a question to emphasize that they would not steal from the lord of Egypt. Alternate translation: “So we would never take anything from your master’s house!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '8', 'pbw8', '', '', '0', 'silver or gold', 'These words are used together to mean that they would not steal anything of any value.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '9', 'kpk1', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'With whomever of your servants it is found', 'The brothers refer to themselves as “your servants.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in the first person. Also, “it is found” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you find that one of us has stolen the cup” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '9', 'g5cd', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'we also will be my master’s slaves', 'The phrase “my master” refers to the steward. This can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “you may take us as your slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '10', 'a2vd', '', '', '0', 'Now also let it be according to your words', '“Very well. I will do what you said.” Here “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '10', 'abw2', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'He with whom the cup is found will be my slave', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If I find the cup in one of your sacks, that person will be my slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '11', 'kv7v', '', '', '0', 'brought his sack down', '“lowered his sack”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '12', 'hf7m', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'the oldest…the youngest', 'The word “brother” is understood. Alternate translation: “the oldest brother…the youngest brother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '12', 'b5xm', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'youngest, and the cup was found in Benjamin’s sack', 'This can be translated as a new sentence and in active form. Alternate translation: “youngest. The steward found the cup in Benjamin’s sack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '13', 'v8rl', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'Then they tore their clothes', 'The word “they” refers to the brothers. Tearing clothes was a sign of great distress and sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '13', 'mp1k', '', '', '0', 'donkey and returned', '“donkey, and they returned”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '14', 'hjg6', '', '', '0', 'He was still there', '“Joseph was still there”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '14', 'ywn1', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'they bowed before him', '“they fell before him.” This is a sign of the brothers wanting the lord to be merciful to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '15', 'v25g', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Do you not know that a man like me practices divination?', 'Joseph uses a question to scold his brothers. Alternate translation: “Surely you know that a man like me can learn things by magic!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '16', 'gj3i', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'What can we say to my master? What can we speak? Or how can we justify ourselves?', 'All 3 questions mean basically the same thing. They use these questions to emphasize that there is nothing they can say to explain what happened. Alternate translation: “We have nothing to say, my master. We cannot speak anything of value. We cannot justify ourselves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '16', 'hvc6', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'What can we say to my master…my master’s slaves', 'Here “my master” refers to Joseph. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “What can we say to you…your slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '16', 'uek8', '', '', '0', 'God has found out the iniquity of your servants', 'Here “found out” does not mean God just found out what the brothers did. It means God is now punishing them for what they did. Alternate translation: “God is punishing us for our past sins”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '16', 'bb9u', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'the iniquity of your servants', 'The brothers refer to themselves as “your servants.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “our iniquity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '16', 'ga33', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'he also in whose hand the cup was found', 'Here “hand” stands for the whole person. Also, “was found” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the one who had your cup” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '17', 'm8l3', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Far be it from me that I should do so', 'Something that a person would never do is spoken of as if it were an object the person wants put far away from him. Alternate translation: “It is not like me to do something like that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '17', 'v7cp', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'The man in whose hand the cup was found', 'Here “hand” stands for the whole person. Also, “was found” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The man who had my cup” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '18', 'fj99', '', '', '0', 'came near to', '“approached”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '18', 's63z', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'let your servant', 'Judah refers to himself as “your servant.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “let me, your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '18', 'px7g', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'speak a word in my master’s ears', 'The word “ear” is a synecdoche that stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “speak to you, my master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '18', 'jg84', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'in my master’s ears', 'Here “my master” refers to Joseph. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '18', 'awr9', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'do not let your anger burn against your servant', 'Being angry is spoke of as if it were a burning fire. Alternate translation: “please do not be angry with me, your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '18', 'na6r', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'for you are just like Pharaoh', 'Judah compares the master to Pharaoh to emphasize the great power that the master has. He is also implying that he does want the master to become angry and execute him. Alternate translation: “for you are as powerful as Pharaoh and could have your soldiers kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '19', 'hz8e', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'My master asked his servants, saying, ‘Do you have a father or a brother?’', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “My master asked us if we have a father or a brother.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '19', 'ky6j', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'My master asked his servants', 'Judah refers to Joseph with the words “my master” and “his.” He also refers to himself and his brothers as “his servants.” Alternate translation: “You, my master, asked us, your servants” or “You asked us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '20', 'rzw2', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Judah continues to speak before Joseph']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '20', 'xks4', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'We said to my master, ‘We have a father…his father loves him.’', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “And we said to my master that we have a father…his father loves him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '20', 'k9ph', '', '', '0', 'his father loves him', 'This refers to love for a friend or family member.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '21', 'g2ys', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'Then you said to your servants, ‘Bring him down to me that I may see him.’', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “And you said to your servants that we should bring our youngest brother to you so that you may see him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '21', 'w231', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'Then you said to your servants', 'Judah refers to himself and his brothers as “your servants.” Alternate translation: “Then you said to us, your servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '21', 'n4pn', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Bring him down to me', 'It was common to use the word “down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. Alternate translation: “Bring him to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '22', 't6fz', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'we said to my master', 'Judah refers to Joseph as “my master.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “we said to you, my master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '22', 'bt2u', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'After that, we said to my master, ‘The boy cannot…father would die.’', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “In response, we said to my master that the boy cannot…father would die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '22', 'jbh3', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'his father would die', 'It is implied that their father would die from sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '23', 's5na', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Judah continues his story to Joseph']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '23', 'i4ft', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'Then you said to your servants, ‘Unless your youngest brother comes down with you, you will not see my face again.’', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Then you said to your servants that unless our youngest brother comes with us, we would not see you again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '23', 'evq7', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'Then you said to your servants', 'Judah refers to himself and his brothers as “your servants.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “Then you said to us, your servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '23', 'vsx5', '', '', '0', 'comes down', 'It was common to use the word “down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '23', 'tkh6', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'you will not see my face again', 'Here “face” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “you will not see me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '24', 'yg64', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'Then it came about', 'This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '24', 'sjv1', '', '', '0', 'we went up to your servant my father', 'It was common to use the phrase “went up” when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '24', 'j6ab', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'we told him the words of my master', 'Judah refers to Joseph as “my master.” Alternate translation: “we told him what you said, my master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '25', 'r9xc', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'Our father said, ‘Go again, buy us some food.’', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Our father told us to go again to Egypt to buy food for us and our families.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '26', 'xf8c', '', '', '0', 'go down', 'It was common to use the word “down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '26', 'uuv6', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'Then we said, ‘We cannot go down. If our youngest brother…is with us.’', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Then we said to him that we cannot go down to Egypt. We told him that if our youngest brother is with us…is with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '26', 'ka8m', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'to see the man’s face', 'Here “face” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “to see the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '27', 'uzr7', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Judah continues his story to Joseph.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '27', 'tq3g', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'This is the beginning of a three-level quote.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '27', 'pq3n', 'figs-exclusive', '', '0', 'said to us', 'Here “us” does not include Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '27', 'k115', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'You know', 'Here “You” is plural and refers to the brothers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '28', 'eym1', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'The three-level quote that began in verse 27 continues.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '28', 'uw3g', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'he is torn in pieces', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a wild animal has torn him to pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '29', 'vv4v', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'The three-level quote that began in verse 27 ends here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '29', 'c679', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'Now if you also take this one from me, and harm comes to him, you will bring down my gray hair with sorrow to Sheol', 'The three-level quote that began with the words “Your servant…said to us, ‘You know…two sons” in verse 27 and continued with the words “and I said, ‘Surely…since” in verse 28 ends here. You may need to change one or more of these levels to indirect quotes. “This is what your servant my father said to us: ‘You know that my wife bore me two sons. One of them went out from me and I said that surely he had been torn in pieces, and I have not seen him since. Now if you also take this one from me, and harm comes to him, you will bring down my gray hair with sorrow to Sheol.’” or “Your servant my father told us that we knew that his wife had borne him two sons. One of them went out from him, and he said that surely that son had been torn in pieces, and he has not seen him since. He then said that if we also took this one from him, and harm came to him, we would bring down his gray hair with sorrow to Sheol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '29', 'lty3', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'harm comes to him', 'Something bad happening to a person is spoken of as if “harm” were something that travels and comes to a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '29', 'vh67', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'you will bring down my gray hair with sorrow to Sheol', 'To “bring down…to Sheol” is way of saying they will cause him to die and go to Sheol. He uses the word “down” because it was commonly believed Sheol is somewhere underground. Alternate translation: “then you will cause me, an old man, to die of sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '29', 'ka8u', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'my gray hair', 'This stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Alternate translation: “me, an old man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '30', 'g959', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '30', 'u459', 'figs-hypo', '', '0', 'therefore, when I come', 'Judah begins to describe to Joseph a realistic but hypothetical case of what he will expect will happen to Jacob when he returns without Benjamin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '30', 'xk9l', '', '', '0', 'when I come to your servant', 'Here “come” can be translated as “go” or “return.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '30', 'l7ey', '', '', '0', 'the lad is not with us', '“the boy is not with us”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '30', 'ap7n', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'since his life is bound up in the boy’s life', 'The father saying he would die if his son died is spoken of as if their two lives were physically bound together. Alternate translation: “since he said he would die if the boy did not come back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '31', 'l65e', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Judah finishes describing to Joseph the realistic but hypothetical case that began with the words “therefore, when I come” in verse 30.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '31', 'w4hu', 'figs-hypo', '', '0', 'sorrow to Sheol', 'Judah finishes describing to Joseph the realistic but hypothetical case that began with the words “therefore, when I come” in verse 30. This is what he expects will happen to Jacob when he returns without Benjamin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '31', 'um5q', 'figs-hypo', '', '0', 'it will come about', 'Judah is speaking about a hypothetical case in the future as if it would certainly happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '31', 'nfb5', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Your servants will bring down the gray hair of your servant our father with sorrow to Sheol', 'To “bring down…to Sheol” is way of saying they will cause him to die and go to Sheol. He uses the word “down” because it was commonly believed Sheol is somewhere underground. Alternate translation: “And we will have caused our old father to die of sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '31', 'kn4x', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'Your servants', 'Judah refers to himself and his brothers as “your servants.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “And we, your servants” or “And we” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '31', 'sx7q', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'the gray hair of your servant our father', 'Here “gray hair” stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Alternate translation: “our old father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '32', 'j35u', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'For your servant became a guarantee for the boy to my father', 'The abstract noun “guarantee” can be stated with the verb “promised.” Alternate translation: “For I promised my father concerning the boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '32', 'uz64', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'For your servant', 'Judah refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “For I, your servant” or “For I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '32', 'ks1n', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'then I will bear the guilt to my father', 'Being considered guilty is spoken of as if “guilt” were something that a person carries. Alternate translation: “then my father may blame me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '33', 'liw2', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '33', 'u7sg', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'let your servant', 'Judah refers to himself as “your servant.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “let me, your servant” or “let me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '33', 'vk2u', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'to my master', 'Judah refers to Joseph as “my master.” Alternate translation: “to you, my master” or “to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '33', 'utg6', '', '', '0', 'let the boy go up', 'It was going to use the phrase “go up” when speaking about traveling from Egypt to Canaan.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '34', 'p2qk', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'For how can I go up to my father if the boy is not with me?', 'Judah uses a question to emphasize the grief he would have if Benjamin did not return home. Alternate translation: “I cannot return to my father if the boy is not with me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '44', '34', 'v8ma', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'I am afraid to see the evil that would come on my father', 'A person suffering terribly is spoken of as if “evil” were a thing that comes upon a person. Alternate translation: “I am afraid to see how much my father would suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', 'intro', 'rm1s', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 45 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Joseph finally reveals himself to his brothers in this chapter. This chapter forms the conclusion of the story which began in chapter 43.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### God’s power
The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])

### Joseph’s character
Genesis just recorded a period of time where Joseph’s ancestors and brothers struggled with sin. Joseph’s character in this chapter is upright. It gained him great favor in the eyes of Pharaoh and helped to save his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '1', 'mrg5', '', '', '0', 'could not control himself', 'This means he could not control his emotions. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “was about to start crying”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '1', 'rt15', '', '', '0', 'by him', '“near him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '2', 'f3np', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'house of Pharaoh', 'Here “house” stands for the people in the Pharaoh’s palace. Alternate translation: “everyone in Pharaoh’s palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '3', 'kf33', '', '', '0', 'shocked in his presence', '“terrified of him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '4', 'lxs5', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'whom you sold into Egypt', 'The meaning can be stated more explicitly. Alternate translation: “whom you sold as a slave to the trader who brought me to Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '5', 'v699', '', '', '0', 'Do not be grieved', '“do not be upset” or “do not be distressed”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '5', 'umb9', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'that you sold me here', 'The meaning can be stated more explicitly. Alternate translation: “that you sold me as a slave and sent me here to Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '5', 'ir3i', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'to preserve life', 'Here “life” stands for the people that Joseph saved from dying during the famine. Alternate translation: “so I could save many lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '6', 'zig1', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'there are still five years in which there will be neither plowing nor harvest', '“there will be five more years without planting or harvesting.” Here “neither plowing nor harvest” stands for the fact that the crops still will not grow because of the famine. Alternate translation: “and the famine will last five more years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '7', 'jf2m', '', '', '0', 'to preserve you as a remnant in the earth', '“so that you and your families would not completely perish from the earth” or “to make sure your descendants would survive”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '7', 't199', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'to keep you alive by a great deliverance', 'The abstract noun “deliverance” can be stated as “rescuing.” Alternate translation: “to keep you alive by rescuing you in a mighty way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '8', 'p1lr', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'he has made me a father to Pharaoh', 'Joseph advising and helping Pharaoh is spoken of as if Joseph were Pharaoh’s father. Alternate translation: “he has made me a guide to Pharaoh” or “he has made me the chief adviser to Pharaoh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '8', 'kca3', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'of all his house', 'Here “house” stands for the people who live in his palace. Alternate translation: “of all his household” or “of all his palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '8', 'ca6l', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'ruler of all the land of Egypt', 'Here “land” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “ruler over all the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '8', 'lzu8', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'ruler', 'Here Joseph means that he is ruler in second place to Pharaoh, the king of Egypt. This understood information can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '9', 'k6hq', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'This is the beginning of a three-level quotation.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '9', 'yy9l', '', '', '0', 'go up to my father', 'It was common to use the phrase “go up” when speaking about going from Egypt to Canaan. Alternate translation: “go back to my father”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '9', 'sv9l', '', '', '0', 'Come down to me', 'It was common to use the phrase “come down” when speaking about going from Canaan to Egypt. Alternate translation: “Come here to me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '10', 'k7g4', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'The three-level quotation that began in verse 9 continues here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '11', 'igl7', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'The three-level quotation that began in verse 9 ends here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '11', 'y695', '', '', '0', 'I will provide…all that you have', 'The three-level quotation that began with the words “say to him” in verse 9 ends here. You may need to reduce the number of levels by making some levels indirect quotes. “say to him that his son Joseph says that God has made him master of all Egypt, so he must go down to Joseph and not delay. He will live in the land of Goshen, and he will be near Joseph, he and his children and his children’s children, and his flocks and his herds, and all that he has. Joseph will provide for him there, for there are still five years of famine, so that he does not come to poverty, him, his household, and all that he has.” or “say to him, ‘Your son Joseph says that God has made him master of all Egypt, so he must go down to Joseph and not delay. He will live in the land of Goshen, and he will be near Joseph, he and his children and his children’s children, and his flocks and his herds, and all that he has. Joseph will provide for him there, for there are still five years of famine, so that he does not come to poverty, him, his household, and all that he has.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '11', 'ez8a', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'come to poverty', 'This speaks about “poverty” as if it were a destination. Alternate translation: “waste away” or “starve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '12', 'xp38', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'your eyes see, and the eyes of my brother Benjamin', 'The word “eyes” stands for the entire person. Alternate translation: “All of you and Benjamin can see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '12', 'zli9', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'that it is my mouth that speaks to you', 'The word “mouth” stands for the entire person. Alternate translation: “that I, Joseph, am speaking to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '13', 'azs1', '', '', '0', 'about all my honor in Egypt', '“how the people in Egypt greatly honor me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '13', 's2cn', '', '', '0', 'my father down here', 'It was common to use the word “down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. Alternate translation: “my father here to me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '14', 'dzy6', '', '', '0', 'He hugged his brother Benjamin’s neck and wept, and Benjamin wept on his neck', '“Joseph hugged his brother Benjamin, and they both wept”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '15', 'j5kf', '', '', '0', 'He kissed all his brothers', 'In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '15', 'ups2', '', '', '0', 'wept over them', 'This means Joseph was crying while he kissed them.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '15', 'fi2x', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'After that his brothers talked with him', 'Earlier they were too afraid to speak. Now they feel they can speak freely. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “After that his brothers talked freely with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '16', 'w82u', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'The news of the matter was told in Pharaoh’s house: “Joseph’s brothers have come.”', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. It may also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone in Pharaoh’s palace heard that Joseph’s brothers had come.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '16', 'm3aj', '', '', '0', 'Pharaoh’s house', 'This stands for Pharaoh’s palace.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '17', 'yz9e', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'This is the beginning of a two-level quotation.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '18', 't6en', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'The two-level quotation that began in verse 17 ends here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '18', 'gql9', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'Get your father…fat of the land.’', 'The two-level quotation that began in verse 17 ends here. This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. “Pharaoh told Joseph to tell his brothers, ‘Do this: Load your animals and go to the land of Canaan. Get your father and your households and come to me. I will give you the good of the land of Egypt, and you will eat the fat of the land.’” or “Pharaoh to Joseph to tell his brothers to do this: to load their animals and go to the land of Canaan, and also to get their father and their households and go to him. Pharaoh would give them the good of the land of Egypt, and they would eat the fat of the land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '18', 'dd6i', '', '', '0', 'I will give you the good of the land of Egypt', '“I will give you the best land in Egypt”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '18', 'hwn3', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'you will eat the fat of the land', 'The best food that a land produces is spoken of as if it were the fat portion of the land. Alternate translation: “you will eat the best food in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '19', 'sm78', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Pharaoh continues to tell Joseph what to tell his brothers.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '19', 'qce4', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'This is the beginning of a two-level quotation.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '19', 'ua9u', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '19', 't1m6', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'you are commanded', 'This can be stated in active form. You may also need to add the words “to tell them,” which the writer left out of this ellipsis. Alternate translation: “I also command you to tell them” or “also tell them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '19', 'n72f', '', '', '0', 'take carts out', '“Carts” are wagons with two or four wheels. Animals pull the carts.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '20', 'sdl7', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'The two-level quote that began in verse 19 ends here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '20', 'v1pm', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'Do not be concerned about your possessions, for the good of all the land of Egypt is yours.’', 'The two-level quote that began in verse 19 ends here. This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. “Now you are commanded to tell them to take carts out of the land of Egypt for their children and for their wives, to get their father, and to come. They are not to be concerned about their possessions, for the good of all the land of Egypt will be theirs.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '21', 'xs2g', '', '', '0', 'gave them provisions for the journey', '“gave them what they needed for traveling”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '22', 'g75s', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'he gave each man changes of clothing', 'Each man received a set of clothes except for Benjamin who received 5 sets of clothes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '22', 'p9qe', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'three hundred pieces', '“300 pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '23', 'rt4v', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'ten donkeys…and ten female donkeys', 'The donkeys were included as part of the gift. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '24', 'idu3', '', '', '0', 'do not quarrel', 'Possible meanings include (1) “do not argue” and (2) “do not become afraid”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '25', 'wlf6', '', '', '0', 'went up out of Egypt', 'It was common to use the word “up” when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '26', 'z3lq', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'he is ruler over all the land of Egypt', 'Here “land of Egypt” stands for the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “he rules all the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '26', 'ry8a', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'His heart was astonished', 'Here “heart” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “and he was astonished” or “he was very surprised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '26', 'vye7', '', '', '0', 'he could not believe what they told him', '“he did not accept that what they said was true”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '27', 'mhh3', '', '', '0', 'They told him', '“They told Jacob”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '27', 'sa3u', '', '', '0', 'all the words of Joseph that he had said to them', '“everything that Joseph had said to them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '45', '27', 'w59p', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'the spirit of Jacob their father revived', 'The word “spirit” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Jacob their father recovered” or “Jacob their father became very excited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', 'intro', 'x4fu', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 46 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Going to Egypt
Yahweh allowed Israel to go to Egypt. He was to trust in Yahweh and his covenant faithfulness. God continued to bless them in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])

### Shepherds

Because of the regular flooding of the Nile River, Egypt’s economy revolved around farming more than raising animals. Therefore, the Egyptians despised the nomadic lifestyle of shepherds. Joseph’s instructions permitted the Hebrew people to live separately from the Egyptians.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '1', 'wwd6', '', '', '0', 'went to Beersheba', '“came to Beersheba”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '2', 'kz9s', '', '', '0', 'Here I am', '“Yes, I am listening”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '3', 'cmw1', '', '', '0', 'to go down to Egypt', 'It was common to use the phrase “go down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '3', 'p7pd', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'I will make you a great nation', 'The “you” is singular and refers to Jacob. Here Jacob refers to his descendants that will become a large nation. Alternate translation: “I will give you many descendants, and they will become a great nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '4', 'swu1', '', '', '0', 'into Egypt', '“to Egypt”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '4', 'iy6p', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'I will surely bring you up again', 'The promise was made to Jacob, but the promise would be fulfilled to all of Israel’s descendants. Alternate translation: “I will surely bring your descendants out of Egypt again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '4', 'fyu6', '', '', '0', 'bring you up again', 'It was common to use the word “up” when speaking about traveling from Egypt to Canaan.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '4', 'ai3x', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Joseph will close your eyes with his own hand', 'The phrase “close you eyes with his own hand” is a way of saying that Joseph will be present when Israel dies and it will be Joseph who will close Jacob’s eyelids at the time of his death. Alternate translation: “Joseph will even be present with you at the time of your death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '4', 'tf56', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'will close your eyes', 'It was a custom to pull down the eyelids when a person died with their eyes open. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '5', 'x9d6', '', '', '0', 'rose up from', '“set out from”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '5', 'ajk2', '', '', '0', 'in the carts', '“Carts” are wagons with two or four wheels. Animals pull the carts. See how you translated “carts” in [Genesis 45:19](../45/19.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '6', 'vyr2', '', '', '0', 'they had accumulated', '“they had acquired” or “they had gained”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '7', 'ej4h', '', '', '0', 'He brought with him', '“Jacob brought with him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '7', 'ebv8', '', '', '0', 'his sons’ sons', '“his grandsons”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '7', 't8ch', '', '', '0', 'his sons’ daughters', '“his granddaughters”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '8', 'fk8r', '', '', '0', 'These were the names', 'This refers to the names of the people that the author is about to list.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '8', 'q7m9', '', '', '0', 'of the children of Israel', '“of Israel’s family members”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '9', 't2t8', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Hanok, Pallu, Hezron, and Karmi', 'These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '10', 'k7n8', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jakin, Zohar, and Shaul', 'These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '11', 'w95q', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Gershon, Kohath, and Merari', 'These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '12', 'da1j', '', '', '0', 'Er, Onan, Shelah', 'These were the sons of Judah by his wife, Shua. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 38:3-5](../38/03.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '12', 'ez5z', '', '', '0', 'Perez, and Zerah', 'These were the sons of Judah by his daughter-in-law, Tamar. See how you translated these names in [Genesis 38:29-30](../38/29.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '12', 'lq9w', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Hezron…Hamul', 'These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '13', 'fpn8', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Tola, Puah, Lob…Shimron', 'These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '14', 'irx9', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Sered, Elon…Jahleel', 'These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '15', 'qn3g', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Dinah', 'This is the name of Leah’s daughter. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 30:21](../30/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '15', 'qz75', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'His sons and his daughters numbered thirty-three', 'Here “sons” and “daughters” refer to Jacob’s sons, daughters, and grandchildren related to Leah. Alternate translation: “Altogether he had 33 sons, daughters, and grandchildren” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '16', 'w97z', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Zephon, Haggi, Shuni, Ezbon, Eri, Arodi…Areli', 'These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '17', 'zz1x', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi…Beriah…Heber…Malkiel', 'These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '17', 'awy7', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Serah', 'This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '18', 'bi7q', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Zilpah', 'This is the name of Leah’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:24](../29/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '18', 'd1ie', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'These sons she bore to Jacob—sixteen in all', 'This refers to 16 children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren that were related to Zilpah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '20', 'gd14', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Asenath', 'a woman’s name. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45](../41/45.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '20', 'au9x', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Potiphera', 'a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45](../41/45.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '20', 'g9su', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'priest of On', 'On is a city, also called Heliopolis, which was “the City of the Sun” and the center of worship of the sun god Ra. See how you translated this in [Genesis 41:45](../41/45.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '21', 'w67p', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Bela, Beker, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim, and Ard', 'These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '22', 't8z2', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'fourteen in all', 'This refers to the 14 sons and grandsons related to Rachel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '23', 'gq68', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Hushim', 'This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '24', 'pij4', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Jahziel, Guni, Jezer…Shillem', 'These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '25', 'd3s4', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Bilhah', 'This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '25', 'x6pw', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'seven in all', 'This refers to the 7 children and grandchildren related to Bilhah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '26', 'k6c4', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'sixty-six', '“66” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '27', 'pe1k', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'seventy', '“70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '28', 'af76', '', '', '0', 'to show the way before him to Goshen', '“to show them the way to Goshen”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '29', 'nna1', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Joseph prepared his chariot and went up', 'Here “Joseph” stands for his servants. Alternate translation: “Joseph’s servants prepared his chariot and Joseph went up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '29', 'r3s4', '', '', '0', 'went up to meet Israel', 'The phrase “went up” is used because Joseph is traveling to a higher elevation to meet his father. Alternate translation: “went to meet Israel”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '29', 'ju8s', '', '', '0', 'hugged his neck, and wept on his neck a long time', '“put his arms around his father, and wept for a long time”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '30', 'wty1', '', '', '0', 'Now let me die', '“Now I am ready to die” or “Now I will die happy”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '30', 'b5zk', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'since I have seen your face, that you are still alive', 'Here “face” stands for the entire person. Jacob was expressing joy at seeing Joseph. Alternate translation: “since I have seen you alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '31', 'k2gt', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'This is the beginning of a two-level quotation.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '31', 'nvk6', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'his father’s house', 'Here “house” stands for his family. Alternate translation: “his father’s family” or “his father’s household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '31', 'n1ch', '', '', '0', 'I will go up and tell Pharaoh', 'It was common to use the phrase “go up” when referring to someone going to speak with someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “I will go tell Pharaoh”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '32', 'j12e', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'The two-level quotation that began in verse 31 ends here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '32', 'vgd7', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'The men are shepherds…all that they have', 'The two-level quotation that began with the words “I will go up” in verse 31 ends here. This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “I will go up and tell Pharaoh and say that my brothers and my father’s house, who were in the land of Canaan, have come to me. I will tell him that the men are shepherds, for they have been keepers of livestock, and that they have brought their flocks, their herds, and all that they have.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '33', 'j1xj', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'This is the beginning of a two-level quotation.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '33', 'ef4p', '', '', '0', 'It will come about', 'This phrase is used here to mark an important event that is about to happen in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '34', 'nwi4', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'The two-level quotation that began in verse 33 ends here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '34', 'c7ig', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'you should say, ‘Your servants have been keepers of livestock from our youth until now, both we, and our forefathers.’', 'The two-level quotation that began with the words “when Pharaoh…asks” in verse 33 ends here. This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. “when Pharaoh…asks what your occupation is, that you should say that you have been keepers of livestock from your youth until now, both you and your forefathers. Do this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '34', 'q7bk', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'Your servants', 'Joseph’s family are to refer to themselves as “your servants” when they speak to Pharaoh. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “We, your servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '46', '34', 'ic29', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'every shepherd is an abomination to the Egyptians', 'The abstract noun “abomination” can be translated with the adjective “disgusting.” Alternate translation: “Egyptians think shepherds are disgusting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', 'intro', 'ep9j', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 47 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Abrahamic covenant
Part of the Abrahamic covenant was that Yahweh would bless those who bless Abraham’s descendants. Since Pharaoh cared for the Hebrew people, Yahweh blessed the Egyptians while the Hebrew people lived in Egypt. The Hebrew people also multiplied greatly as this covenant promised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])

### Jacob was not buried in Egypt
In the ancient Near east, a person was typically buried in their hometown. Since Egypt was not the Israelites’ home, Jacob did not wish to be buried in Egypt. This was a lesson to the Israelites that Canaan was their true home, the promised land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '1', 'lup6', 'figs-events', '', '0', 'Joseph went in and told Pharaoh', 'It is not clear whether Joseph went with his father and family from Canaan to Goshen and then alone from Goshen to see the Pharaoh, back to Goshen for his five brothers, and then back to Pharaoh, as the ULT implies, or whether he brought the five brothers with him the first time he went from Goshen to Pharaoh, as the UST states. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '2', 'p3cm', 'figs-events', '', '0', 'He took five of his brothers and introduced them', 'It is not clear whether Joseph went with his father and family from Canaan to Goshen and then alone from Goshen to see the Pharaoh, back to Goshen for his five brothers, and then back to Pharaoh, as the ULT implies, or whether he brought the five brothers with him the first time he went from Goshen to Pharaoh, as the UST states. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '3', 'k8ea', '', '', '0', 'Your servants are shepherds', '“Your servants shepherd flocks”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '3', 'ybw3', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'Your servants', 'Joseph’s brothers refer to themselves as “your servants.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “We, your servants” or “We” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '3', 'acn2', '', '', '0', 'as our ancestors', '“both we and our forefathers” or “both we and our ancestors”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '4', 'a2nh', '', '', '0', 'We come as temporary residents in the land', '“We have come to stay for a while in Egypt”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '4', 'ehv5', '', '', '0', 'There is no pasture', '“There is no grass to eat”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '4', 's7ih', '', '', '0', 'now', 'This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '6', 'c9gx', '', '', '0', 'The land of Egypt is before you', '“The land of Egypt is open to you” or “All of the land of Egypt is available to you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '6', 'ur7y', '', '', '0', 'Settle your father and your brothers in the best region, the land of Goshen', '“Settle your father and your brothers in the land of Goshen, which is the best region”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '6', 'u42c', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'If you know any capable men among them', 'It is implied that they are capable of taking care of animals. Alternate translation: “If you know of any men among them who have great skill taking care of animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '7', 's3k5', '', '', '0', 'Jacob blessed Pharaoh', 'Here “blessed” means to express a desire for positive and beneficial things to happen to that person.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '8', 'wx65', '', '', '0', 'How long have you lived?', '“How old are you?”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '9', 'vqc7', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'The years of my travels are a hundred and thirty', 'The phrase “years of my travels” refers to how long he has lived on the earth traveling from one place to another. Alternate translation: “I have traveled on the earth for 130 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '9', 'tu4s', '', '', '0', 'The years of my life have been few…not been as long as those of my ancestors', 'Jacob means his life is short compared to the lives of Abraham and Isaac.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '9', 'ak8x', '', '', '0', 'painful', 'Jacob has experienced much pain and trouble during his life.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '11', 'mzq5', '', '', '0', 'Then Joseph settled his father and his brothers', '“Then Joseph took care of his father and his brothers and helped them establish where they would live”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '11', 'qaf9', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'the land of Rameses', 'This is another name for the land of Goshen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '12', 'jgf9', '', '', '0', 'according to the number of their dependents', 'Here, the word “dependents” means the small children in the family. Alternate translation: “according to how many small children were in their families”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '13', 'yc6d', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '13', 'kw4v', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'The land of Egypt and the land of Canaan', 'This refers to the people living in these lands. Alternate translation: “The people of Egypt and the people of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '13', 'gtx9', '', '', '0', 'wasted away', '“became thin and weak”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '14', 'a79v', '', '', '0', 'Joseph gathered all the money that was in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan, by selling grain to the inhabitants', '“The people of Egypt and Canaan spent all of their money buying grain from Joseph”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '14', 'u1kv', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Joseph gathered…Joseph brought', 'Most likely Joseph ordered his servants to gather and bring the money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '15', 'z2fn', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'When all the money of the lands of Egypt and Canaan was spent', 'Here “lands” stands for the people who live in the lands. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When the people of Egypt and Canaan used up all their money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '15', 'qiu6', '', '', '0', 'of the lands of Egypt and Canaan', '“from the land of Egypt and from the land of Canaan”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '15', 'p8d8', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Why should we die in your presence because our money is gone?', 'The people used a question to emphasize how desperate they are to buy food. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please, do not let us die because we have used up all of our money!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '17', 'f7im', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'He fed them with bread', 'Here “bread” stands for food in general. Alternate translation: “He gave them food” or “He provided them with food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '18', 'l3sq', '', '', '0', 'they came to him', '“the people came to Joseph”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '18', 'q8xj', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'We will not hide from my master', 'The people refer to Joseph as “my master.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “We will not hide from you, our master” or “We will not hide from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '18', 'vl3p', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'There is nothing left in the sight of my master', 'Here “sight” stands for Joseph himself. Alternate translation: “We have nothing left to give you, our master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '19', 'alz2', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Why should we die before your eyes, both we and our land?', 'The word “eyes” refers to Joseph’s sight. The people use a question to emphasize how desperate they are to buy food. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please do not just watch as we die and our land is ruined!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '19', 'xwc1', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Why should we die…both we and our land', 'The land becomes useless and ruined because there is no seed to plant; thus it is spoken of as if the land would die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '20', 'm6pl', '', '', '0', 'In this way, the land became Pharaoh’s', '“So the land became Pharaoh’s”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '22', 'my2p', '', '', '0', 'It was only the land of the priests that Joseph did not buy', '“But he did not buy the land of the priests”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '22', 'n3w1', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'the priests were given an allowance', 'An “allowance” is an amount of money or food that someone regularly gives to another person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh gave the priests a certain amount of food each day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '22', 'c3vq', '', '', '0', 'They ate from the allotment which Pharaoh gave them', '“They ate from what Pharaoh gave them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '23', 'g4ki', '', '', '0', 'and you will plant', '“that you might sow”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '24', 'm3xp', 'translate-fraction', '', '0', 'At the harvest, you must give a fifth to Pharaoh, and four parts will be your own', 'The word “fifth” is a fraction. Alternate translation: “At harvest time you will divide the crops into five parts. You will give one part back to Pharaoh for payment and the four parts are for your own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '24', 'qd1p', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'for food for your households and your children', 'You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “for food for your households and for food for your children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '25', 'm8l5', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'May we find favor in your eyes', 'The phrase “find favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “May you be pleased with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '26', 'rb65', '', '', '0', 'in the land of Egypt', '“over the land of Egypt” or “throughout the land of Egypt”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '26', 'k76z', '', '', '0', 'to this day', 'This means to the time that the author was writing this.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '26', 'e9nv', '', '', '0', 'one-fifth', 'See how you translated “a fifth” in [Genesis 47:24](../47/24.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '27', 'w2lx', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'They were fruitful and multiplied greatly', 'The word “multiplied” explains how they were “fruitful.” Alternate translation: “They had very many children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '27', 'jw6i', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'were fruitful', 'Here “fruitful” means to prosper or to have children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '28', 'd2ji', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'seventeen years', '“17 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '28', 'cq8w', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'so the years of Jacob’s life were one hundred forty-seven years', '“so Jacob lived to be 147 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '29', 'h7ri', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'When the time approached for Israel to die', 'This speaks about time as if it travels and comes to a place. Alternate translation: “When it was almost time for Israel to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '29', 'p6yl', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'If now I have found favor in your eyes', 'Here “eyes” is a metonym for sight, and “sight” stands for thoughts or opinions. Alternate translation: “If I have found favor with you” or “If I have pleased you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '29', 'zwh5', '', '', '0', 'now', 'This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '29', 'utx5', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'found favor', 'This means that someone is approved of by someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '29', 'sfx8', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'put your hand under my thigh', 'This act is a sign of making a serious promise. See how you translated this in [Genesis 24:2](../24/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '29', 'a37l', 'figs-abstractnouns', '', '0', 'show me faithfulness and trustworthiness', 'The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “treat me in a faithful and trustworthy manner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '29', 'u82i', '', '', '0', 'Please do not bury me in Egypt', 'The word “please” adds emphasis to this request.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '30', 'mbz5', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'When I sleep with my fathers', 'Here “sleep” is a polite way to refer to dying. Alternate translation: “When I die and join my family members who died before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '31', 'pw9e', '', '', '0', 'Swear to me', '“Promise me” or “Make an oath to me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '47', '31', 'p35p', '', '', '0', 'swore to him', '“promised him” or “made an oath to him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', 'intro', 'sm2c', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 48 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 48:15-16, and in 58:20.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Blessing
The blessing of Jacob is given to Joseph, and his sons Manasseh and Ephraim. It is probably distinct from inheriting the promises Yahweh gave to Abraham because Scripture talks about all of Israel’s descendants inheriting those promises. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '1', 'fzl8', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'It came about', 'This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '1', 'th1g', '', '', '0', 'one said to Joseph', '“someone said to Joseph”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '1', 'ncd4', '', '', '0', 'Look, your father', '“Listen, your father.” Here the word “look” is used to get Joseph’s attention.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '1', 'haa1', '', '', '0', 'So he took', '“So Joseph took”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '2', 'jt59', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'When Jacob was told', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone told Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '2', 'q2vl', '', '', '0', 'your son Joseph has arrived to see you', '“your son Joseph has come to you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '2', 'pyg7', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Israel gathered strength and sat up in bed', 'Here the author speaks of Israel struggling to sit up in bed as if he were gathering “strength” as someone gathers actual things. Alternate translation: “Israel made a great effort to sit up in bed” or “Israel struggled as he sat up in bed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '3', 'fs4l', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Luz', 'This is the name of a city. See how you translated the name of this city in [Genesis 28:19](../28/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '3', 'p7zc', '', '', '0', 'in the land of Canaan. He blessed me', 'This can be translated with the new sentence starting in a different place. Alternate translation: “in the land of Canaan, and he blessed me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '3', 'ctg7', '', '', '0', 'blessed', 'This refers to God pronouncing a formal blessing on someone.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '4', 'llq8', '', '', '0', 'and said to me', 'This can be translated with the new sentence starting in a different place. Alternate translation: “And he said to me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '4', 'a6k7', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'said to me, ‘Behold, I will make you fruitful, and multiply you. I will make of you an assembly of nations. I will give this land to your descendants as an everlasting possession.’', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “said to me that he would make me fruitful and multiply me. And, he said that he would make me an assembly of nations and he would give this land to my descendants as an everlasting possession.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '4', 'j6vg', '', '', '0', 'Behold', 'God used the word “behold” here to alert Jacob to pay attention to what he was about to tell him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '4', 'j6ua', 'figs-doublet', '', '0', 'I will make you fruitful, and multiply you', 'The phrase “multiply you” explains how God would make Jacob “fruitful.” Alternate translation: “I will give you very many descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '4', 'u2iy', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'I will make of you an assembly of nations', 'Here “you” refers to Jacob, but it stands for Jacob’s descendants. Alternate translation: “I will make your descendants into many nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '4', 'nwj2', '', '', '0', 'an everlasting possession', '“a permanent possession”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '5', 'xs2x', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '5', 'y3v7', '', '', '0', 'Ephraim and Manasseh will be mine', 'Ephraim and Manasseh each will receive a portion of land just like Joseph’s brothers.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '6', 'a5iu', '', '', '0', 'they will be listed under the names of their brothers in their inheritance', 'Possible meanings are (1) the rest of Joseph’s children would inherit land as part of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh or (2) Joseph will be given separate land from Ephraim and Manasseh and Joseph’s other children will inherit that land. Alternate translation: “as for their inheritance, you will list them under the names of their brothers”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '7', 'kg2u', '', '', '0', 'Ephrath', 'This is another name for the town of Bethlehem. See how you translated the name of this city in [Genesis 35:16](../35/16.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '8', 'drw1', '', '', '0', 'Whose are these?', '“Whose sons are these?”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '9', 'dr78', '', '', '0', 'bless', 'A father would often pronounce a formal blessing on his children or grandchildren.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '10', 'k75z', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Now Israel’s eyes…could not see', 'The word “Now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '10', 't7x3', '', '', '0', 'he kissed them', '“Israel kissed them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '11', 'jtm9', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'to see your face again', 'Here “face” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “to see you again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '12', 'ne7g', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'between Israel’s knees', 'When Joseph placed his sons on Israel’s lap or knees it was a sign that Israel was adopting them. This gave the children special inheritance rights from Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '12', 'sca4', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'then he bowed with his face to the earth', 'Joseph bowed down to show honor to his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '13', 'fgl8', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'Manasseh in his left hand toward Israel’s right hand', 'Joseph places the boys so that Israel will put his right hand on Manasseh. Manasseh was the oldest brother and the right hand was the sign he would receive the greater blessing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '14', 'fm1u', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'his right hand and laid it upon Ephraim’s head', 'Placing the right hand on Ephraim’s head was the sign that he would receive the greater blessing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '15', 'g5ng', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'Israel blessed Joseph', 'Here “Joseph” also stands for Ephraim and Manasseh. Since Joseph is the father, he is the only one mentioned here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '15', 'nw5z', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'The God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked', 'Serving God is spoken of as if it were walking before God. Alternate translation: “The God who my grandfather Abraham and father Isaac served” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '15', 'r9ve', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'who has cared for me', 'God has taken care of Israel like a shepherd takes care of his sheep. Alternate translation: “who has cared for me like a shepherd cares for his animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '16', 'hs6i', '', '', '0', 'the angel', 'Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the angel that God sent to protect Jacob or (2) this refers to God who appeared in angel form to protect Jacob.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '16', 'i8qg', '', '', '0', 'protected me', '“delivered me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '16', 'dd6n', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'May my name be named in them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac', 'Here “name” stands for the person. The phrase “my name be named in them” is an idiom that means a person is remembered because of another person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May people remember Abraham, Isaac, and me because of Ephraim and Manasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '16', 'tm7y', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'May they grow into a multitude on the earth', 'Here “they” refers to Ephraim and Manasseh, but it stands for their descendants. Alternate translation: “May they have many descendants who will live all over the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '18', 'bj69', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'Put your right hand upon his head', 'The right hand was the sign of the greater blessing which the oldest son was supposed to receive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '19', 'utt2', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'He also will become a people, and he also will be great', 'Here “He” refers to Manasseh, but it stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: “Your older son will have many descendants, and they will become a great people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '20', 'bb6k', '', '', '0', 'that day with these words', '“that day, saying”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '20', 'ip5g', '', '', '0', 'The people of Israel will pronounce blessings by your names saying', '“The people of Israel will speak your names when they are blessing others”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '20', 'vs1f', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'by your names saying, ‘May God make you like Ephraim and like Manasseh’', 'This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “by your names. They will ask God to make others like Ephraim and like Manasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '20', 'aaz4', '', '', '0', 'like Ephraim and like Manasseh', 'Israel saying Ephraim’s name first is another way he indicates that Ephraim will be greater than Manasseh.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '20', 'py5z', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Israel put Ephraim before Manasseh', 'Giving Ephraim the greater blessing and making him more important than Manasseh is spoken of as if Israel physically put Ephraim in front of Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '21', 'vk8j', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'will be with you…bring you back…your fathers', 'Here “you” and “your” are plural and refer to all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '21', 'p9kl', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'will be with you', 'This is an idiom that means God will help and bless the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “God will help you” or “God will bless you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '21', 'ild4', 'figs-go', '', '0', 'will bring you back', 'Here “bring” can be translated as “take.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '21', 'w4x7', '', '', '0', 'land of your fathers', '“land of your ancestors”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '22', 'm9zy', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'To you, as one who is above your brothers, I give to you the mountain slope', 'Possible meanings are (1) Joseph having more honor and authority than his brothers is spoken of as if he were physically above them. Alternate translation: “To you, who is greater than your brothers, I give the mountain slope” or (2) Jacob means he is giving more land to Joseph than he is giving to Joseph’s brothers. Alternate translation: “To you, I give one more ridge than I give your brothers. I give to you the mountain slope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '22', 'e2r2', 'figs-you', '', '0', 'To you', 'Here “you” is singular and refers to Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '48', '22', 'q143', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'the mountain slope that I took from the Amorites with my sword and my bow', 'Here “sword” and “bow” stands for fighting in battle. Alternate translation: “the portion of land I fought for and took from the Amorites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', 'intro', 'lp3i', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 49 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 49:1-27.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Prophecies
These statements made by Jacob to his sons are probably prophecies. These prophecies are concerned with the descendants of each of Jacob’s sons who would become the twelve tribes of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “The scepter will not depart from Judah”
This prophecy indicates Judah will be the ruling tribe of Israel. The future kings of Israel all come from the tribe of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

### “I buried Leah”
Since Moses wrote the book of Genesis, this is an editorial comment he makes in the text as the narrator.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '1', 'zs4v', 'writing-poetry', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'This begins Jacob’s final blessings to his sons. This continues through [Genesis 49:27](../49/27.md). Jacob’s blessings are written in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '2', 'n3y4', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'Assemble yourselves and listen, you sons of Jacob. Listen to Israel, your father', 'Both sentences say the same thing for emphasis. Alternate translation: “Come and listen carefully to your father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '2', 'j4es', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'you sons of Jacob. Listen to Israel, your father', 'Jacob is referring to himself in the third person. It can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “my sons. Listen to me, your father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '3', 'n7ub', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'my firstborn, my might, and the beginning of my strength', 'The phrases “my firstborn, my might” and “the beginning of my strength” mean the same thing. The words “might” and “strength” stand for Jacob’s ability to produce children. The words “firstborn” and “beginning” mean that Reuben is his first child. Alternate translation: “my first child after I became a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '3', 's34g', '', '', '0', 'outstanding in dignity, and outstanding in power', 'This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “You are first in honor and power” or “You surpass everyone else in honor and power”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '4', 'ch7w', 'figs-simile', '', '0', 'Uncontrollable as rushing water', 'Jacob compares Reuben to water in a strong current to emphasize that he cannot control his anger and he is not stable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '4', 'n314', '', '', '0', 'you will not have the preeminence', '“you shall not be first among your brothers”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '4', 'cbc3', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'because you went up to your father’s bed. Then you defiled it; you went up to my couch', 'Here “bed” and “couch” stand for Jacob’s concubine, Bilhah. Jacob is referring to when Reuben slept with Bilhah ([Genesis 35:22](../35/22.md)). Alternate translation: “because you went to my bed and slept with Bilhah my concubine. You have shamed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '4', 'r7nh', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'you went up to your father’s bed…you went up to my couch', 'Both statements mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '5', 'lxj9', '', '', '0', 'Simeon and Levi are brothers', 'This does not just mean they are brothers by birth. Jacob is emphasizing that they worked together to kill the people of Shechem.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '5', 'xhz7', '', '', '0', 'Weapons of violence are their swords', '“They use their swords to hurt and to kill people”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '6', 'p25e', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'O my soul…my heart', 'Jacob uses the words “soul” and “heart” to refer to himself and is saying that other people, and perhaps God also, honor him so much that he does not wish to join with those who make plans to do evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '6', 'dh2g', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'do not come into their council; do not join in their meetings', 'These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Jacob combines them to emphasize that he does not want to participate in their wicked plans. Alternate translation: “I certainly will not join with them to make any plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '6', 'mfx3', '', '', '0', 'they hamstrung oxen', 'This refers to Simeon and Levi crippling oxen just for fun.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '6', 'm9vp', '', '', '0', 'hamstrung', 'This refers to cutting the sinews of an animal’s leg so that it cannot walk.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '7', 't851', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'May their anger be cursed, for it was fierce—and their fury, for it was cruel', 'God cursing Simeon and Levi is spoken of as if God were cursing their anger and fury. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Lord says, ‘I will curse them because of their fierce anger and their cruel fury” or “I, the Lord, will curse them because of their fierce anger and their cruel fury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '7', 'e2ns', '', '', '0', 'May their anger be cursed', 'In prophecy, the prophet will often speak the words of God as if God himself were speaking. This emphasizes how closely united the prophet and God are.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '7', 'vx1u', 'figs-ellipsis', '', '0', 'their fury, for it was cruel', 'The words “I will curse” are understood. Alternate translation: “I will curse their fury, for it was cruel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '7', 'bl42', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'I will divide them in Jacob and scatter them in Israel', 'The word “I” refers to God. The word “them” refers to Simeon and Levi but they are a metonym standing for their descendants. The words “Jacob” and “Israel” are a metonym standing for all people of Israel. Alternate translation: “I will divide their descendants and scatter them among all the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '8', 'lk4j', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'your brothers will praise you…Your father’s sons will bow down before you', 'These two statements mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '8', 'n457', 'grammar-connect-words-phrases', '', '0', 'will praise you. Your hand', 'The second sentence states the reason for the first sentence. This can be made clear with “for” or “because.” Alternate translation: “will praise you. For your hand” or “will praise you because your hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '8', 'al75', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'Your hand will be on the neck of your enemies', 'This is a way of saying “You will conquer your enemies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '8', 'yjj7', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'bow down', 'This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '9', 'f58g', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Judah is a lion’s cub', 'Jacob speaks about Judah as if he were a lion’s cub. Jacob is emphasizing Judah’s strength. Alternate translation: “Judah is like a young lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '9', 'hzl6', '', '', '0', 'My son, you have gone up from your victims', '“You, my son, have come back from eating your prey”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '9', 'tf4l', 'figs-simile', '', '0', 'like a lioness', 'Jacob also compares Judah to a female lion. The lioness is the primary hunter and protector of her cubs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '9', 'xsu7', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Who would dare to awaken him?', 'Jacob uses a question to emphasize how terrifying Judah is to other people. Alternate translation: “No one wants to wake him up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '10', 'eev8', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet', 'The “scepter” and the “staff” are long decorated sticks that kings carried. Here they are metonymies that stand for the power to rule. And, “Judah” stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: “The power to rule will always be with the descendants of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '10', 'p8q1', '', '', '0', 'until Shiloh comes. The nations will obey him', 'Possible meanings are (1) “Shiloh” means “tribute.” Alternate translation: “until the nations obey him and bring him tribute” or (2) “Shiloh” refers to the city of Shiloh. Alternate translation: “until the ruler comes to Shiloh. Then the nations will obey him” Many people consider this a prophecy about the Messiah, who is a descendant of King David. David is a descendant of Judah.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '10', 'i8y2', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'The nations will obey him', 'Here “nations” refer to the people. Alternate translation: “The people of the nations will obey him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '11', 'bgs1', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'Binding his donkey…to the choice vine', 'Both statements mean the same thing. It is implied that the vines are so full of grapes that the master does not mind that his donkey eats some of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '11', 'h3ji', '', '', '0', 'his…he', 'Possible meanings for all occurrences of “his” or “he” are (1) they refer to Judah’s descendants. Alternate translation: “their…they” or (2) they refer to the ruler in [Genesis 49:10](../49/10.md), which may refer to the Messiah.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '11', 'm97e', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'he has washed…in the blood of grapes', 'Both statements mean the same thing. It implies that there are so many grapes that they can wash their clothes in the juice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '11', 'g59h', 'figs-pastforfuture', '', '0', 'he has washed', 'Often in prophecy events that will happen in the future are described as something that has already happened in the past. This emphasizes that this event will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “they will wash” or “he will wash” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '11', 'c5rw', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'the blood of grapes', 'This speaks about the grape juice as if it were blood. This emphasizes how red the juice is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '12', 'y4wg', 'figs-simile', '', '0', 'His eyes will be as dark as wine', 'This refers to the color of a person’s eyes to the red color of wine. Possible meanings are (1) dark eyes imply healthy eyes or (2) people eyes will be red from drinking too much of wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '12', 'va4p', 'figs-simile', '', '0', 'his teeth as white as milk', 'This compare the color of the person’s teeth to the white color of milk. This implies that there will be so many healthy cows they will have much milk to drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '13', 'd53q', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Zebulun will live', 'This refers to the descendants of Zebulun. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Zebulun will live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '13', 'jb4b', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'He will be a harbor', 'Here “He” stands for sea towns that the people of Zebulun will inhabit or build. These cities will provide shelter for ships. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '13', 'rl71', '', '', '0', 'harbor', 'a part of the sea that is next to land and is a safe place for ships']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '14', 'v1n4', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Issachar is a strong donkey', 'Jacob speaks about Issachar and his descendants as if they are a donkey. This emphasizes that they will work very hard. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Issachar will be like a strong donkey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '14', 'yd1r', '', '', '0', 'Issachar is', 'Often in prophecy events that will happen in the future are described as something that is already happening. This emphasizes that the event will certainly happen. It can be stated in the future tense. Alternate translation: “Issachar will be” or “The descendants of Issachar will be”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '14', 'n39a', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'lying down between the sheepfolds', 'Possible meanings are (1) “lying down between the packs they were carrying” or (2) “lying down between two sheep pens.” Either way, Jacob speaks about Issachar’s descendants as if they are donkeys that have worked hard and are lying down to rest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '15', 'u9r3', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'He sees…He will', 'These words refer to the descendants of Issachar (verse 14). Alternate translation: “They see…They will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '15', 'fp1p', '', '', '0', 'a good resting place and the pleasant land', '“a resting place that is good and that the land is pleasant”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '15', 'r8tu', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'He will bend his shoulder to the burden', 'The phrase “bend his shoulder to the burden” is a way of saying “work very hard to carry the load” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '15', 'vc3z', '', '', '0', 'become a servant for the task', '“will work for others as slaves”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '16', 'p8vr', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Dan will judge his people', 'Here “Dan” stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Dan will judge their people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '16', 'qup4', '', '', '0', 'his people', 'Possible meanings for “his people” are (1) “the people of Dan” or (2) “the people of Israel”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '17', 'wp5h', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Dan will be a snake beside the road', 'Jacob speaks about Dan and his descendants as if they were snakes. Though a snake is small, it can bring down a rider off his horse. So Dan, though a small tribe, is very dangerous to its enemies. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Dan will be like a snake beside the road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '18', 'b7p5', '', '', '0', 'I wait for your salvation, Yahweh', 'The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated as “save.” Alternate translation: “I wait for you, Yahweh, to save me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '18', 'z88u', '', '', '0', 'I wait', 'The word “I” refers to Jacob.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '19', 'c2sc', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Gad…attack him, but he', 'Here “Gad” stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Gad…attack them, but they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '19', 'm5nv', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'at their heels', 'Here “heels” stands for the raiders who are running away from the descendants of Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '20', 'v9mh', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Asher’s food…and he', 'Here “Asher” stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: “Asher’s descendants’ food…and they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '20', 'fx3w', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'food will be rich', 'Here “rich” is a way of saying “delicious.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '21', 'y5rq', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Naphtali is…he will', 'Here “Naphtali” stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Naphtali are…they will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '21', 'tc9d', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'Naphtali is a doe let loose', 'Jacob speaks about the descendants of Naphtali as if they were a female deer that is free to run. This may emphasize that they will be swift messengers. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Naphtali will be like deer set free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '21', 'g69w', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'have beautiful fawns', 'A “fawn” is a baby deer. The meaning of the Hebrew word is unclear. Some versions translate it as “have beautiful words” or “speak beautiful things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '22', 'np8b', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Joseph is a fruitful bough', 'Here “Joseph” is a metonym that stands for his descendants. Jacob speaks about them as if they were a tree branch that produces a lot of fruit. This emphasizes that they will greatly increase in number. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Joseph are a fruitful bough” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '22', 'ka7p', '', '', '0', 'bough', 'a main branch of a tree']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '22', 'pvd6', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'whose branches climb over the wall', 'Branches that grow and extend over a wall are spoken of as if they were climbing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '24', 'r5uu', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jacob continues to bless Joseph and his descendants.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '24', 'u5f5', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'his bow will remain steady', 'The person holding the bow steady is spoken of as if the bow itself will remain steady. It is implied he is holding it steady as he aims at his enemy. Alternate translation: “he will hold his bow steady as he aims at his enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '24', 'a3qh', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'his bow…his hands', 'Here “his” refers to Joseph who stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: “their bow…their hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '24', 'u5ku', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'his hands will be skillful', 'Here the whole person is represented by the “hands” since they are used to hold the bow. Alternate translation: “his arms will remain strong as he aims his bow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '24', 'qq1e', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'the hands of the Mighty One', 'The “hands” are expressing the power of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the power of the Mighty One” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '24', 'biy5', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'because of the name of the Shepherd', 'Here “name” refers to the entire person. Alternate translation: “because of the Shepherd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '24', 'u61z', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'the Shepherd', 'Jacob speak of Yahweh as if he were a “Shepherd.” This emphasizes that Yahweh guides and protects his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '24', 'rg4s', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'the Rock', 'Jacob speaks of Yahweh as if he were a “Rock” that people can climb upon to find safety from enemies. This emphasizes that Yahweh protects his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '25', 'x55h', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jacob continues to bless Joseph and his descendants ([Genesis 49:22-23](./22.md)).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '25', 'hrc4', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'help you…bless you', 'Here “you” refers to Joseph who stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: “help your descendants…bless them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '25', 'ds53', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'blessings of the sky', 'Here “sky” stands for the rain that helps the crops to grow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '25', 'e3jd', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'blessings of the deep that lies beneath', 'Here “deep” stands for the water underneath the ground that supplies rivers and wells. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '25', 'dg7w', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'blessings of the breasts and womb', 'Here “breasts and womb” stand for the ability for a mother to have children and feed them milk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '26', 'gm81', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jacob continues to bless Joseph and his descendants.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '26', 'zta3', '', '', '0', 'the ancient mountains', 'The meaning of the original language is not certain. Some Bible translations have “my ancestors” instead of “ancient mountains.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '26', 'n5wp', '', '', '0', 'May they be on the head of Joseph', 'Here “they” refers to the blessings of his father.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '26', 'q7ri', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'upon the crown of the head of the prince of his brothers', 'Jacob desires for these blessings to be passed on to even the most important of his descendants. Alternate translation: “on the head of the most important of Joseph’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '26', 'k1ak', '', '', '0', 'prince of his brothers', '“most important of his brothers”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '27', 'bv1t', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Benjamin is a hungry wolf', 'Here “Benjamin” is a metonym that stands for his descendants. Jacob speaks about Benjamin’s descendants as if they were a hungry wolf. This emphasizes that they will be fierce warriors. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Benjamin will be like hungry wolves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '28', 'r8a3', '', '', '0', 'These are the twelve tribes of Israel', '“These” refers to the sons Jacob mentioned in 49:1-27. Each son became the leader of his own tribe.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '28', 'lr9f', '', '', '0', 'when he blessed them', 'Here the word “blessed” refers to the speaking of formal blessings.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '28', 'jm87', '', '', '0', 'Each one he blessed with an appropriate blessing', '“He gave each son a fitting blessing”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '29', 'fvw5', '', '', '0', 'he instructed them', '“he commanded them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '29', 'ta6p', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'I am about to go to my people', 'This is a polite way of saying he is about to die. Alternate translation: “I am about to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '29', 'a84e', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'go to my people', 'Jacob is referring to where his inner man will go when he dies. He expects to join Abraham and Isaac in the afterlife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '29', 'gjm3', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Ephron the Hittite', 'This is the name of a man. “Hittite” means “descendent of Heth.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8](../23/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '30', 'd85j', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Machpelah', 'Machpelah was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9](../23/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '30', 'n89d', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Mamre', 'This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this in [Genesis 13:18](../13/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '31', 'kz7r', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jacob continues speaking to his sons.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '32', 'fac4', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'in it were purchased', 'The purchase can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “in it were purchased by Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '32', 'e1hm', '', '', '0', 'from the people of Heth', '“from the Hittites”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '33', 'jq2w', '', '', '0', 'finished these instructions to his sons', '“finished instructing his sons” or “finished commanding his sons”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '33', 'xwq5', '', '', '0', 'he pulled his feet into the bed', 'Jacob was sitting on the bed. Now, Jacob turns and puts his feet in the bed so he can lie down.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '33', 'm28w', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'breathed his last', 'This is a polite way of saying a person died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '49', '33', 'p5pu', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'went to his people', 'After Jacob died, his inner man went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', 'intro', 'di45', '', '', '0', '', '# Genesis 50 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Embalming
Embalming was practiced in Egypt on very important people when they died. They removed the liquids from the body then wrapped it in an attempt to preserve the body from decay.

### Joseph’s character
Joseph’s character was so upright that Pharaoh’s officials went with him to Canaan to bury Jacob. This was a very large funeral procession. He also learned lessons from earlier in his life and unified his family. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '1', 'b6bk', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'that he collapsed on the face of his father', 'The term “he collapsed” is an idiom for being overcome. Alternate translation: “that he fell on his father in grief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '2', 'a9rq', '', '', '0', 'his servants the physicians', '“his servants who took care of dead bodies”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '2', 'f9rl', 'figs-euphemism', '', '0', 'to embalm his father', 'To “embalm” is a special way of preserving a dead body before it is buried. Alternate translation: “to prepare his father’s body for burial” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '3', 'k3hl', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'They took forty days', '“They took 40 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '3', 'f2gd', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'seventy days', '“70 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '4', 'g586', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'A three-level quotation is introduced with the words “Joseph spoke…saying.” The second level begins with the words “If now I have found favor in your eyes, please speak to Pharaoh, saying.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '4', 'my64', '', '', '0', 'days of weeping', '“days of mourning him” or “days of weeping for him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '4', 'u1ns', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Joseph spoke to the house of Pharaoh', 'Here “house of Pharaoh” stands for the officials that make up Pharaoh’s royal court. Alternate translation: “Joseph spoke to Pharaoh’s officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '4', 'a4vt', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'If now I have found favor in your eyes', 'The phrase “find favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “If I have found favor with you” or “If you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '5', 'id8m', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'The three-level quotation that began with the words “Joseph spoke…saying” in verse 4 continues. The second level of that quotation, which began with the words “If now I have found favor in your eyes, please speak to Pharaoh, saying” in verse 4 continues.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '5', 'lj73', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'My father made me swear, saying, “See, I am about to die. Bury me in my tomb that I dug for myself in the land of Canaan. There you will bury me.” Now let me go up…I will return.', 'This is the second level of the three-level quotation that begins with the words “If now I have” in verse 4. It contains a quote within it. This embedded quote can be translated as an indirect quote. “My father made me swear, saying that he was about to die and that I was to bury him in his tomb that he dug for himself in the land of Canaan. I was to bury him there. Now let me go up…I will return.” The entire second-level quotation can also be translated as an indirect quote. “If now I have found favor in your eyes, please speak to Pharaoh and tell him that my father made me swear, saying that he was about to die and that I was to bury him in his tomb that he dug for himself in the land of Canaan. I was to bury him there. Now let me go up…I will return.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '5', 'ebi8', '', '', '0', 'See, I am about to die…you will bury me', 'This is the third level of the three-level quotation that begins with the words “If now I have” in verse 4.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '5', 'c9ec', '', '', '0', 'See, I am about to die', '“See, I am dying”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '5', 'fsn1', '', '', '0', 'let me go up', 'It was common to use the phrase “go up” when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '6', 'lw5a', 'figs-explicit', '', '0', 'Pharaoh answered', 'It is implied that the members of the court spoke to Pharaoh, and now Pharaoh is replying to Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '6', 'r63u', '', '', '0', 'as he made you swear', '“as you swore to him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '7', 'l6vl', '', '', '0', 'Joseph went up', 'It was common to use the phrase “went up” when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '7', 'b8t6', '', '', '0', 'All the officials…the elders…the senior officials', 'All of Pharaoh’s most important leaders attended the burial procession.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '7', 'dt27', '', '', '0', 'the elders of his household', 'Here “household” refers to Pharaoh’s royal court.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '8', 'c423', 'figs-events', '', '0', 'with all Joseph’s household and his brothers, and his father’s household', 'This can be translated as a new sentence: “Joseph’s household, his brothers, and his father’s household also went with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '9', 'skq7', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'Chariots', 'Here this stands for the men riding in the chariots. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '9', 'fl9t', '', '', '0', 'It was a very large group of people', '“It was a very large gathering”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '10', 'g71k', '', '', '0', 'When they came', 'The word “they” refers to the participants in the burial procession.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '10', 'b54f', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'floor of Atad', 'Possible meanings are (1) the word “Atad” means “thorn” and it may refer to a place where large amounts of thorns grew, or (2) it may be the name of the person who owns the threshing floor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '10', 'd971', '', '', '0', 'they mourned with very great and grievous sorrow', '“they were extremely sad and they mourned very much”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '10', 'p63w', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'a seven-day', '“a 7-day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '11', 'er7s', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'in the floor of Atad', 'Possible meanings are (1) “on the threshing floor that belonged to a man named Atad” or (2) “in the threshing floor at a place called Atad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '11', 'c318', '', '', '0', 'This is a very sad occasion for the Egyptians', '“The mourning of the Egyptians is very great”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '11', 'rj7q', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Abel Mizraim', 'The translator can add a footnote that says: “The name Abel Mizraim means “the mourning of Egypt.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '12', 'fj26', '', '', '0', 'So his sons', '“So Jacob’s sons”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '12', 'fj1d', '', '', '0', 'just as he had instructed them', '“just as he had directed them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '13', 'xv7j', '', '', '0', 'His sons carried him', '“His sons took his body”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '13', 'wfc9', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Machpelah', 'Machpela was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:9](../23/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '13', 'c6qt', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Mamre', 'This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this in [Genesis 13:18](../13/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '13', 'zfv9', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Ephron the Hittite', 'This is the name of a man. “Hittite” means “descendent of Heth.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:8](../23/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '14', 'd43t', '', '', '0', 'Joseph returned into Egypt', '“Joseph returned to Egypt”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '14', 'jv7b', '', '', '0', 'all who had accompanied him', '“all who had come with him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '15', 'dn26', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'What if Joseph holds on to anger against us', 'Here anger is spoken of as if it was something physical that Joseph could hold in his hands. Alternate translation: “What if Joseph is actually still angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '15', 'q73l', 'figs-metaphor', '', '0', 'wants to repay us in full for all the evil we did to him', 'Avenging oneself against someone who harmed him is spoken of as if the person were paying they other person what they are owed. Alternate translation: “wants revenge for the evil thing we did to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '16', 'j5db', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'A three-level quotation begins with the words “Your father gave.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '16', 'c5nj', '', '', '0', 'Your father gave instructions before he died, saying', 'Jacob was the father of all the brothers. Here they say “your father” to emphasize that Joseph needs to pay attention to what his father said. Alternate translation: “Before our father died he said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '17', 'dl1v', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'The three-level quotation that begins with the words “Your father gave” in verse 16 ends here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '17', 'f2jh', 'figs-quotesinquotes', '', '0', 'Tell Joseph this, “Please forgive the transgression of your brothers and their sin when they did evil to you.”', 'The three-level quotation that begins with the words “Your father gave” in verse 16 ends here. This is the second-level quotation, and it contains a third-level quotation that can be stated as an indirect quotation. “Tell Joseph to please forgive your transgression and your sin when you did evil to him.” Both the second- and third-level quotations can be translated as indirect quotations. “Your father instructed us before he died to tell you to please forgive our transgression and our sin when we did evil to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '17', 'syf6', '', '', '0', 'and their sin when they did evil to you', '“for the wicked things they did to you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '17', 'aq9q', '', '', '0', 'Now', 'This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '17', 'l42j', 'figs-123person', '', '0', 'please forgive the servants of the God of your father', 'The brothers are referring to themselves as “the servants of the God of your father.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “please forgive us, the servants of the God of our father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '17', 'lhx9', '', '', '0', 'Joseph wept when they spoke to him', '“Joseph wept when he heard this message”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '18', 'j51r', 'translate-symaction', '', '0', 'lay facedown before him', 'They lay down with their faces toward the ground. This is a sign of humility and respect for Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '19', 'cg1g', 'figs-rquestion', '', '0', 'Am I in the place of God?', 'Joseph uses a question to comfort his brothers. Alternate translation: “I am not in the place of God.” or “I am not God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '20', 'b3wy', '', '', '0', 'you meant to harm me', '“you intended to do evil against me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '20', 'wpc2', '', '', '0', 'God meant it for good', '“God intended it for good”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '21', 'e3i8', '', '', '0', 'So now do not be afraid', '“So do not fear me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '21', 'f6mv', '', '', '0', 'I will provide for you and your little children', '“I will always make sure you and your children have enough to eat”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '21', 'b3l1', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '0', 'He comforted them in this way and spoke kindly to their hearts', 'Here “hearts” refers to the brothers. Alternate translation: “He comforted them by speaking kindly to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '22', 'by3m', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', 'one hundred ten years', '“110 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '23', 'fc5c', '', '', '0', 'Ephraim’s children to the third generation', '“Ephraim’s children and grandchildren”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '23', 'rf1x', 'translate-names', '', '0', 'Machir', 'This is the name of Joseph’s grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '23', 'vve4', 'figs-idiom', '', '0', 'who were placed on the knees of Joseph', 'This expression means that Joseph adopted these children of Machir as his own children. This means they would have special inheritance rights from Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '24', 'j3ki', 'figs-metonymy', '', '0', 'surely come to you', 'In [Genesis 50:24/26](./24.md) the word “you” refers to Joseph’s brothers, but it also stands for their descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '24', 'ya3x', 'figs-events', '', '0', 'lead you up out of this land to the land', 'It was common to use the word “up” when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan. Alternate translation: “bring you out of this land and take you to the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '26', 'ej21', 'translate-numbers', '', '0', '110 years', '“one hundred and ten years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '26', 'g2xq', '', '', '0', 'They embalmed him', 'To “embalm” is a special way of preserving a dead body before it is buried. See how you translated “embalmed” in [Genesis 50:1](../50/01.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '26', 'mv4x', 'figs-activepassive', '', '0', 'he was placed', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they placed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['GEN', '50', '26', 'h19n', '', '', '0', 'in a coffin', '“in a chest” or “in a case.” This is a box a dead person is placed in.']