Leviticus

Leviticus front

Introduction to Leviticus

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of Leviticus

Instructions to the Israelites about offerings (1:1–6:7)
- Burnt offerings (1:1–17)
- Grain offerings (2:1–16)
- Fellowship offerings (3:1–17)
- Offerings for unintentional sins (4:1-5:13)
- Guilt offerings (5:14–6:7)
Instructions to the priests about offerings (6:8–7:10)
- Burnt offerings (6:8-13)
- Grain offerings (6:14-23)
- Sin offerings (6:24-30)
- Guilt offerings (7:1-10)
Further instructions to the Israelites (7:11–7:38)
- Peace offerings (7:11–21)
- Eating fat and blood forbidden (7:22-27)
- The share for the priests (7:28–7:38)
Setting apart the priests (8:1–10:20)
- Aaron and his sons ordained (8:1–36)
- Aaron as high priest (9:1–24)
- Nadab and Abihu punished (10:1–20)
Laws about clean and unclean things (11:1–15:33)
- Clean and unclean food (11:1–47)
- Women purified after giving birth to a child (12:1–8)
- Skin, clothing, houses (13:1–14:47)
- Bodily fluids (15:1–33)
Day of Atonement; the place of the offering; the nature of blood (16:1–17:16)
Setting apart for worship and service; being disqualified from service (18:1–24:23)
The years of rest and release (25:1–55)
Blessing for obeying and curses for not obeying (26:1–46)
Gifts to God (27:1–34)

What is the book of Leviticus about?

In the Book of Leviticus, God continues to give laws through Moses to the people of Israel. The people were to obey all of these laws to honor their covenant with God.

How should the title of this book be translated?

“Leviticus” means “about the Levites.” The Levites were the tribe of Israel that provided priests and other workers in the tabernacle. If the people in the project language do not understand the term “Levites,” you can call it “The Book about the Priests” or “The Book about the Tabernacle Workers.” (See: tabernacle and How to Translate Names)

Who wrote the book of Leviticus?

The writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Leviticus. Since ancient times, both Jews and Christians have thought that Moses wrote Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.

What is the meaning of “holy” and “holiness” in the book of Leviticus?

These terms concern separating someone or something from the rest of the people, from the world, or from ordinary use. God separated these people or things so they would belong only to him. The people were to consider the places for worshiping God or for honoring him in any way as separate. The people could not use them for anything else. God required the Israelites to live in a certain way in order to live as a nation belonging to him alone.

Anyone or anything that was acceptable to God or “holy” was spoken of as if they were physically clean.

In the same way, anyone or anything that was not acceptable to God or not holy was spoken of if they were physically unclean.

Some people and some things could be made clean or “cleansed,” that is, acceptable to God. People or things were made clean if the people performed the right sacrifices and ceremonies. For example, some foreigners who wished to live among the Israelites and worship Yahweh could be made clean. However, other people and things could never be made acceptable to him.

It is important to know that not all unclean things or conditions were sinful. For example, after giving birth to a male child, a woman would be unclean for thirty-three days. Then the proper animal sacrifice would be offered for her. The flow of blood made the woman unclean (Leviticus 12:7). But Leviticus never suggests that someone with a flow of blood was sinning. In the same way, God did not allow Israelites to eat many kinds of animals, as one way of setting his people apart.

Because God does not sin, the terms “holy” and “holiness” often suggest this same idea. Something belonging to God is holy. Because people must respect God, they must respect the things that belong to him.

What are the important narrative features of Leviticus?

On seventeen occasions, the phrase “The Lord said to Moses” (and sometimes Aaron) is often used to begin paragraphs. God and Moses frequently spoke to others. The verb “speak” is used thirty-eight times.

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

Why did the Israelites need so many rules about sacrificing animals?

Leviticus shows that God is holy. That means God is very different from humanity and the rest of the created world. God does not sin. Because of this, it is impossible to be acceptable to him without being “cleansed.” The many kinds of sacrifices were meant to make people and things acceptable to God. However, the people had to continue making animal sacrifices so that they would continue to be acceptable to God. This was a sign that pointed to a need for a better sacrifice. They needed a sacrifice that would cause them to be acceptable to God forever. (See: holy, holiness, unholy, sacred and sin, sinful, sinner, sinning)

Why was the priesthood important in the book of Leviticus?

Priests were individuals who went to God on behalf of the people. God authorized the priests to bring the Israelite’s sacrifices to himself.

How did the Israelite’s rules for worshiping God and sacrificing animals differ from the other nations at that time?

It was common for other nations to sacrifice animals to their idols. But, the other nations did other things to worship their false gods. For instance, people would sleep with prostitutes at the temple of their gods. They did this to try to persuade their gods to bless their land with the ability to grow crops. Also, people of other nations would sometimes offer human sacrifices to their gods. The God of Israel did not allow his people to do these kinds of things.

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

What important symbols are introduced in Leviticus?

Oil was poured on someone or something meant to be set apart for Yahweh. Water was used to symbolize the cleansing of someone or something so God could accept them. Blood was also used to cleanse and purify people and things. This is because blood represented life that needed to be shed in order for God to forgive people for sinning.

Why do many sections begin with the phrase “Yahweh said to Moses?”

This phrase shows the reader that these rules come from God and must be obeyed. You could also translate this as “God told Moses.”

Leviticus 1

Leviticus 1 General Notes

Structure and formatting

In Hebrew, this chapter begins with the word “and” indicating a connection with the previous book (Exodus). The first five books of the Bible should be seen as a single unit.

Special concepts in this chapter

Atonement

In order to offer a sacrifice for the people, the priest first had to make an atonement for himself, in order to make himself clean. Only then would he be clean and be allowed to perform a sacrifice. These sacrificed animals had to be perfect, the best of all of the animals. A person was not allowed to bring an inferior animal to be sacrificed to Yahweh. These sacrifices also had to be offered in a very specific way. (See: atonement, atone, atoned and priest, priesthood and clean, wash)

Leviticus 1:1

Yahweh

Quote: יְהוָה֙ (1)

Yahweh is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.

Leviticus 1:2

A man from you, when he presents

Quote: אָדָ֗ם כִּֽי־ יַקְרִ֥יב מִ⁠כֶּ֛ם (1)

Alternate translation: “When any one of you offers” or “When any of you offers”

Leviticus 1:3

his offering {… he shall present it, … he shall present

Quote: קָרְבָּנ⁠וֹ֙ & יַקְרִיבֶ֑⁠נּוּ & יַקְרִ֣יב (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person

Here, “his and he refer to the person bringing an offering to Yahweh. It can be translated in the second person as it is in Leviticus 1:2. Alternate translation: “If your offering … you must offer … you must offer” (See: First, Second or Third Person)

for its acceptance to the face of Yahweh

Quote: לִ⁠רְצֹנ֖⁠וֹ לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh will accept it” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 1:4

And he shall lay his hand on the head of

Quote: וְ⁠סָמַ֣ךְ יָד֔⁠וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself through the animal to Yahweh, so that God will forgive the person’s sins when they kill the animal. (See: Symbolic Action)

And it shall be accepted for him

Quote: וְ⁠נִרְצָ֥ה ל֖⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then Yahweh will accept it in his place and forgive his sins” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 1:5

And he shall slaughter

Quote: וְ⁠שָׁחַ֛ט (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person

Here, “he refers to the one making the offering. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “Then you must kill the bull” (See: First, Second or Third Person)

to the face of Yahweh

Quote: לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה (1)

Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh”

And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall present the blood

Quote: וְ֠⁠הִקְרִיבוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן הַֽ⁠כֹּֽהֲנִים֙ אֶת־ הַ⁠דָּ֔ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

It is implied that the priests would catch the blood in a bowl as it drained out of the animal. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 1:6

And he shall skin the burnt offering and he shall cut it into its pieces

Quote: וְ⁠הִפְשִׁ֖יט אֶת־ הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה וְ⁠נִתַּ֥ח אֹתָ֖⁠הּ לִ⁠נְתָחֶֽי⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events

As indicated in 1:9, the person must also wash the inner parts and the legs of the animal with water. The person would do this before giving the pieces to the priests so they could place them on the altar. As in the UST, you could state here the instructions to wash the inner parts and legs. (See: Order of Events)

And he shall skin

Quote: וְ⁠הִפְשִׁ֖יט (1)

Here, he refers to the one making the offering.

Leviticus 1:7

And the sons of Aaron the priest shall put fire on the altar, and they shall arrange wood on the fire

Quote: וְ֠⁠נָתְנוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן אֵ֖שׁ עַל־ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְ⁠עָרְכ֥וּ עֵצִ֖ים עַל־ הָ⁠אֵֽשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events

This may mean that the Aaron placed hot coals on the altar, then placed the wood on the coals. Or you may need to reorder this as in the UST. Alternate translation: “And the sons of Aaron the priest will put wood on the altar and light a fire” (See: Order of Events)

Leviticus 1:9

And he shall wash its innards and its legs with water

Quote: וְ⁠קִרְבּ֥⁠וֹ וּ⁠כְרָעָ֖י⁠ו יִרְחַ֣ץ בַּ⁠מָּ֑יִם (1)

The person would do this before giving the pieces to the priests to place on the altar. you could state this at the end of Leviticus 1:6.

And … its innards

Quote: וְ⁠קִרְבּ֥⁠וֹ (1)

Here, inner parts refers to the stomach and intestines.

he shall wash

Quote: יִרְחַ֣ץ (1)

Here, he refers to the one making the offering.

a gift of

Quote: אִשֵּׁ֥ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Yahweh is telling Moses that the offerings are to be burnt with fire. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a burnt offering to me” (See: Active or Passive)

a scent of pleasing to Yahweh

Quote: רֵֽיחַ־ נִיח֖וֹחַ לַֽ⁠יהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper offering the sacrifice is spoken of as if Yahweh were pleased by the aroma of the burning sacrifice. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 1:11

to the face of Yahweh

Quote: לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה (1)

Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh”

Leviticus 1:12

And he shall cut it

Quote: וְ⁠נִתַּ֤ח אֹת⁠וֹ֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person

Here, he refers to the person offering the sacrifice. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “And you must cut it” (See: First, Second or Third Person)

into its pieces and its head and its suet. … on the wood that {is} on the fire that {is} on the altar

Quote: לִ⁠נְתָחָ֔י⁠ו וְ⁠אֶת־ רֹאשׁ֖⁠וֹ וְ⁠אֶת־ פִּדְר֑⁠וֹ & עַל־ הָֽ⁠עֵצִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־ הָ⁠אֵ֔שׁ אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחַ (1)

See how you translated these words in Leviticus 1:7-9.

Leviticus 1:13

And the innards and the legs he shall wash with water. … is} a burnt offering, a gift of a scent of pleasing

Quote: וְ⁠הַ⁠קֶּ֥רֶב וְ⁠הַ⁠כְּרָעַ֖יִם יִרְחַ֣ץ בַּ⁠מָּ֑יִם & עֹלָ֣ה & אִשֵּׁ֛ה רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ (1)

See how you translated many of these words in Leviticus 1:9.

a scent of pleasing to Yahweh

Quote: רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַ⁠יהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9. (See: Metaphor)

a gift of

Quote: אִשֵּׁ֛ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Yahweh tells Moses that the priests must burn their offerings with fire. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a burnt offering” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 1:15

and he shall twist off its head

Quote: וּ⁠מָלַק֙ אֶת־ רֹאשׁ֔⁠וֹ (1)

Alternate translation: “and twist off its head”

And its blood shall be drained

Quote: וְ⁠נִמְצָ֣ה דָמ֔⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then the priest must drain its blood” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 1:16

And he shall remove

Quote: וְ⁠הֵסִ֥יר (1)

Alternate translation: “And the priest must remove”

its craw

Quote: אֶת־ מֻרְאָת֖⁠וֹ (1)

A crop is a pouch in the bird’s throat where pre-digested food is stored.

its craw with its feathers

Quote: אֶת־ מֻרְאָת֖⁠וֹ בְּ⁠נֹצָתָ֑⁠הּ (1)

Here it refers to the crop and the plumage.

Leviticus 1:17

a scent of pleasing to Yahweh

Quote: רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַ⁠יהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

It {is} a burnt offering, a gift of

Quote: עֹלָ֣ה ה֗וּא אִשֵּׁ֛ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It will be a burnt offering to me” or “It will be a burnt offering to Yahweh” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 2

Leviticus 2 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter gives instructions about how to make a grain offering.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yeast

Yeast is connected to the events of the Passover. Any prohibition of yeast may be connected to the original Passover. (See: Passover)

Leviticus 2:1

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Quote: General Information: (0)

General Information:

Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.

flour

Quote: סֹ֖לֶת (1)

Here, flour refers to a powder made from wheat. Alternate translation: “the finest flour” or “the best flour”

Leviticus 2:2

and he shall grab from there, {with} the fullness of his handful

Quote: וְ⁠קָמַ֨ץ מִ⁠שָּׁ֜ם מְלֹ֣א קֻמְצ֗⁠וֹ (1)

A handful is the amount that a person can hold in the palm of their hand. Alternate translation: “and take out what he can hold in his hand”

its memorial portion

Quote: אֶת־ אַזְכָּרָתָ⁠הּ֙ (1)

The memorial portion of the grain offering represents the whole grain offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh.

a scent of pleasing to Yahweh

Quote: רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַ⁠יהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 2:4

a baked item of the oven

Quote: מַאֲפֵ֣ה תַנּ֑וּר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you baked in an oven” (See: Active or Passive)

the oven

Quote: תַנּ֑וּר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

This oven was probably a hollow object made of clay. A fire was lit under the oven, and the heat would bake the dough inside of the oven. (See: Translate Unknowns)

flour of

Quote: סֹ֣לֶת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis

It is understood that the soft bread contained no yeast. (See: Ellipsis)

shall be} anointed with oil

Quote: מְשֻׁחִ֥ים בַּ⁠שָּֽׁמֶן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Translate this phrase to indicate that the oil is to be spread onto the bread. Alternate translation: “with oil on the bread” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 2:5

And if your offering {is} a grain offering on the griddle

Quote: וְ⁠אִם־ מִנְחָ֥ה עַל־ הַֽ⁠מַּחֲבַ֖ת קָרְבָּנֶ֑⁠ךָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If you bake your grain offering in a flat iron pan” (See: Active or Passive)

the griddle

Quote: הַֽ⁠מַּחֲבַ֖ת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

This griddle was a thick plate made of either clay or metal. The plate was placed over a fire, and the dough cooked on top of the plate. (See: Translate Unknowns)

Leviticus 2:6

Piece it

Quote: פָּת֤וֹת אֹתָ⁠הּ֙ (1)

Here it refers to the grain offering cooked on a griddle.

Leviticus 2:7

And if your offering is a grain offering of a pan

Quote: וְ⁠אִם־ מִנְחַ֥ת מַרְחֶ֖שֶׁת קָרְבָּנֶ֑⁠ךָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If you cook your grain offering” (See: Active or Passive)

a pan

Quote: מַרְחֶ֖שֶׁת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

A pan is a metal plate with rounded edges. The dough was placed in the pan and cooked over a fire. (See: Translate Unknowns)

shall be made

Quote: תֵּעָשֶֽׂה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must make it” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 2:8

that is made from these

Quote: אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵעָשֶׂ֛ה מֵ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you made from the flour and oil” (See: Active or Passive)

And he shall present it

Quote: וְ⁠הִקְרִיבָ⁠הּ֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And you will present it” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 2:9

And the priest shall take up from the grain offering its memorial portion, and he shall cause {it} to become smoke on the altar, a gift, a scent of pleasing

Quote: וְ⁠הֵרִ֨ים הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֤ן מִן־ הַ⁠מִּנְחָה֙ אֶת־ אַזְכָּ֣רָתָ֔⁠הּ וְ⁠הִקְטִ֖יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה אִשֵּׁ֛ה רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ (1)

See how you translated many of these words in Leviticus 2:2.

its memorial portion

Quote: אֶת־ אַזְכָּ֣רָתָ֔⁠הּ (1)

The handful of the grain is a memorial offering that represents the whole grain offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. See how you translated this in Leviticus 2:2.

a scent of pleasing to Yahweh

Quote: רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַ⁠יהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 2:10

from the gifts of Yahweh

Quote: מֵ⁠אִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)

See how you translated this in Leviticus 2:3.

from the gifts of Yahweh

Quote: מֵ⁠אִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from the burnt offerings to Yahweh” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 2:11

Any grain offering that you present to Yahweh shall not be made {with} leaven

Quote: כָּל־ הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תַּקְרִ֨יבוּ֙ לַ⁠יהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א תֵעָשֶׂ֖ה חָמֵ֑ץ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not use yeast in a grain offering that you offer to Yahweh” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 2:12

You shall present them

Quote: תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אֹתָ֖⁠ם (1)

Alternate translation: “You will offer the grain offerings made with leaven or honey”

Leviticus 2:13

the salt of the covenant of your God

Quote: מֶ֚לַח בְּרִ֣ית אֱלֹהֶ֔י⁠ךָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

It is implied that the salt is a symbol that represents the covenant with God. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 2:14

a tender ear roasted with fire

Quote: אָבִ֞יב קָל֤וּי בָּ⁠אֵשׁ֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “of new grain that you have cooked over a fire” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 2:16

its memorial portion

Quote: אֶת־ אַזְכָּרָתָ֗⁠הּ (1)

The handful of the grain that is the memorial offering represents the whole grain offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. See how you translated this in Leviticus 2:2.

Leviticus 3

Leviticus 3 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter gives instructions about how to offer a fellowship offering.

Special concepts in this chapter

Fat

The fat of the animal was considered the best part of the animal to eat. Therefore, this belonged to Yahweh. This is why the Israelites were not allowed to consume it.

Leviticus 3:1

[GL Quote Not Found!]

Quote: General Information: (0)

General Information:

Moses continues telling the people what Yahweh wants them to do.

to the face of Yahweh

Quote: לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)

Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “to Yahweh”

Leviticus 3:2

And he shall lay his hand on the head of

Quote: וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:4. (See: Symbolic Action)

And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall splash the blood

Quote: וְ⁠זָרְק֡וּ בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֧ים אֶת־ הַ⁠דָּ֛ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

It is implied that before they sprinkle the blood, they catch blood in a bowl as the it drains from the animal. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 3:3

the innards

Quote: אֶת־ הַ⁠קֶּ֔רֶב (1)

Here, the inner parts refers to the stomach and intestines.

Leviticus 3:4

the loins

Quote: הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים (1)

The loins is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone.

and the lobe on the liver

Quote: הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־ הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד (1)

The lobe is the curved or rounded part of the liver. This is considered the best part of the liver to eat. Alternate translation: “the best part of the liver”

Leviticus 3:5

a scent of pleasing to Yahweh

Quote: רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַֽ⁠יהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Leviticus 3:7

to the face of Yahweh

Quote: לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)

Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “to Yahweh”

Leviticus 3:8

And he shall lay his hand on the head of

Quote: וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. (See: Symbolic Action)

And the sons of Aaron shall splash its blood

Quote: וְ֠⁠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־ דָּמ֛⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

It is implied that before they sprinkle the blood, they catch the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 3:9

the innards

Quote: אֶת־ הַ⁠קֶּ֔רֶב (1)

The inner parts are the stomach and intestines.

Leviticus 3:10

and the two kidneys and the fat that {is} on them that {is} by the loins and the lobe on the liver (he shall remove it with the kidneys

Quote: שְׁתֵּ֣י הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֔ת וְ⁠אֶת־ הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵ⁠הֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־ הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים וְ⁠אֶת־ הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־ הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד עַל־ הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֖ת יְסִירֶֽ⁠נָּה (1)

The words he will remove can be placed at the beginning of the sentence in verse 9. “he will remove the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, which is by the loins, and the lobe on the liver”

and the two kidneys

Quote: וְ⁠אֵת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֔ת (1)

You can start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He must remove the kidneys”

the loins

Quote: הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים (1)

The loins is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone.

and the lobe on the liver

Quote: הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־ הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד (1)

The lobe is the curved or rounded part of the liver. This is considered the best part of the liver to eat. Alternate translation: “the best part of the liver”

Leviticus 3:11

And the priest shall cause it to become smoke on the altar, a food gift to Yahweh

Quote: וְ⁠הִקְטִיר֥⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה לֶ֥חֶם אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה (1)

Translate this in a way that makes it clear that Yahweh does not actually eat the food. Alternate translation: “will burn those things on the altar as an offering to Yahweh. Those things will come from your food supplies”

Leviticus 3:12

to the face of Yahweh

Quote: לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)

Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “to Yahweh”

Leviticus 3:13

And he shall lay his hand on its head

Quote: וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־ רֹאשׁ֔⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

And the sons of Aaron shall splash its blood

Quote: וְ֠⁠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־ דָּמ֛⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

It is implied that before they sprinkle the blood, they catch the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 3:14

And … he shall present

Quote: וְ⁠הִקְרִ֤יב (1)

Here he refers to the person offering the sacrifice.

Leviticus 3:16

And the priest shall cause them to become smoke on the altar, a food gift as a scent of pleasing

Quote: וְ⁠הִקְטִירָ֥⁠ם הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה לֶ֤חֶם אִשֶּׁה֙ לְ⁠רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ (1)

Translate this in a way that it does not seem like Yahweh actually eats the food. Alternate translation: “will burn those things on the altar to be an offering to Yahweh. It will be as though they are food given to Yahweh”

as a scent of pleasing

Quote: לְ⁠רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Yahweh is pleased with the aroma of burning meat when he is pleased with the worshiper’s sincerity. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 3:17

A statute of eternity for your generations

Quote: חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְ⁠דֹרֹ֣תֵי⁠כֶ֔ם (1)

This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever.

or any blood

Quote: וְ⁠כָל־ דָּ֖ם (1)

Alternate translation: “or consume any blood”

Leviticus 4

Leviticus 4 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter gives instructions on how to offer a sacrifice for unintentional sins. This is known as a sin offering. (See: sin, sinful, sinner, sinning)

Special concepts in this chapter

Unintentional sins

Many scholars have taken special note that all of the sacrifices concern sins that are unintentional and that no provision is offered for sins intentionally committed. Many have suggested that it is only the sacrifice of Jesus’ life that can be offered for these sins. Many also believe that this offering parallels the sacrifice of Jesus.

Leviticus 4:2

Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘A person, when he sins

Quote: דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל לֵ⁠אמֹר֒ נֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־ תֶחֱטָ֤א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes

This is a quotation that contains a quotation. You can use an direct quotation instead. “Tell the people of Israel that when anyone sins” (See:Quotes within Quotes)

the commands of Yahweh that shall not be done

Quote: מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the commands of Yahweh that tell people what they must not do” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 4:3

to the guilt of the people

Quote: לְ⁠אַשְׁמַ֣ת הָ⁠עָ֑ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word guilt, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “so as to cause the people to be guilty” (See: Abstract Nouns)

Leviticus 4:4

And he shall bring the bull

Quote: וְ⁠הֵבִ֣יא אֶת־ הַ⁠פָּ֗ר (1)

Alternate translation: “And the high priest must bring the bull”

And he shall lay his hand on the head of

Quote: וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

Leviticus 4:5

And the anointed priest shall take some of the blood of

Quote: וְ⁠לָקַ֛ח הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֥ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֖יחַ מִ⁠דַּ֣ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

It is implied that the priest catches the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 4:6

and he shall sprinkle some of

Quote: וְ⁠הִזָּ֨ה מִן־ (1)

Alternate translation: “and drip some of” or “and splatter some of”

Leviticus 4:7

the horns of the altar of

Quote: קַ֠רְנוֹת מִזְבַּ֨ח (1)

The horns of the altar refer to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. Alternate translation: “the projections at the corners of the altar of”

he shall pour out

Quote: יִשְׁפֹּךְ֙ (1)

Alternate translation: “he will empty out”

at the base of the altar of

Quote: אֶל־ יְסוֹד֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח (1)

Alternate translation: “at the bottom of the altar of”

Leviticus 4:8

he shall lift up

Quote: יָרִ֣ים (1)

Alternate translation: “the priest will cut away”

the innards

Quote: הַ⁠קֶּ֔רֶב (1)

The inner parts are the stomach and intestines.

Leviticus 4:9

the loins

Quote: הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים (1)

The loins is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone.

and the lobe on the liver

Quote: הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־ הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד (1)

This is the curved or rounded part of the liver. This is considered the best part of the liver to eat. Alternate translation: “the best part of the liver”

Leviticus 4:11

And the skin of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and with its legs and its innards and its dung

Quote: וְ⁠אֶת־ ע֤וֹר הַ⁠פָּר֙ וְ⁠אֶת־ כָּל־ בְּשָׂר֔⁠וֹ עַל־ רֹאשׁ֖⁠וֹ וְ⁠עַל־ כְּרָעָ֑י⁠ו וְ⁠קִרְבּ֖⁠וֹ וּ⁠פִרְשֽׁ⁠וֹ (1)

You may want to begin this sentence with words that tell your reader that the sentence is very long. “As for the skin of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and with its legs and its inner parts and its dung”

Leviticus 4:12

a clean place

Quote: מָק֤וֹם טָהוֹר֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A place that is ritually pure and suitable to use for serving God is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 4:13

from all the commands of Yahweh which shall not be done

Quote: מִ⁠כָּל־ מִצְוֺ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־ תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “commanded them not to do” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 4:14

and the sin that they sinned concerning it becomes known

Quote: וְ⁠נֽוֹדְעָה֙ הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטְא֖וּ עָלֶ֑י⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and they realize that they have sinned against it” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 4:15

And the elders of the congregation shall lay their hands on the head of

Quote: וְ֠⁠סָמְכוּ זִקְנֵ֨י הָ⁠עֵדָ֧ה אֶת־ יְדֵי⁠הֶ֛ם עַל־ רֹ֥אשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

This is a symbolic action that identifies the people with the animal they are offering. In this way the people are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated a similar phrase in Leviticus 1:4. (See: Symbolic Action)

And he shall slaughter the bull

Quote: וְ⁠שָׁחַ֥ט אֶת־ הַ⁠פָּ֖ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And they will kill the bull” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 4:16

And the anointed priest shall bring some of the blood of

Quote: וְ⁠הֵבִ֛יא הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֥ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֖יחַ מִ⁠דַּ֣ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

It is implied that the priest caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained from the bull. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 4:17

the curtain

Quote: הַ⁠פָּרֹֽכֶת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

It is implied that this is the curtain before the most holy place. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 4:18

he shall put

Quote: יִתֵּ֣ן (1)

Alternate translation: “the priest will put”

the horns of the altar

Quote: קַרְנֹ֣ת הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֗חַ (1)

Here, the horns of the altar refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in Leviticus 4:7.

And all the blood he shall pour out

Quote: כָּל־ הַ⁠דָּ֗ם יִשְׁפֹּךְ֙ (1)

Alternate translation: “he will pour out the rest of the blood”

Leviticus 4:19

And all of its fat he shall lift up from it and he shall cause {it} to become smoke

Quote: כָּל־ חֶלְבּ֖⁠וֹ יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ וְ⁠הִקְטִ֖יר (1)

Alternate translation: “he will remove all the fat from the bull and burn the fat”

Leviticus 4:20

And he shall do

Quote: וְ⁠עָשָׂ֣ה (1)

Alternate translation: “And the priest must do”

And the priest shall make atonement for them

Quote: וְ⁠כִפֶּ֧ר עֲלֵ⁠הֶ֛ם הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word atonement, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for the people’s sins” (See: Abstract Nouns)

and it will be forgiven to them

Quote: וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לָ⁠הֶֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive them” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 4:22

from all the commands of Yahweh his God that shall not be done

Quote: מִ⁠כָּל־ מִצְוֺת֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהָ֜י⁠ו אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹא־ תֵעָשֶׂ֛ינָה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: from all the things that God has commanded the people not to do” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 4:23

his sin that he sinned with it is made known to him

Quote: הוֹדַ֤ע אֵלָי⁠ו֙ חַטָּאת֔⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖א בָּ֑⁠הּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he realizes that he has sinned” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 4:24

And he shall lay

Quote: וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ (1)

Alternate translation: “And the ruler will lay”

And he shall lay his hand on the head of

Quote: וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

where one slaughters

Quote: אֲשֶׁר־ יִשְׁחַ֥ט (1)

Alternate translation: “where the priest kills”

to the face of Yahweh

Quote: לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה (1)

Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “to Yahweh”

Leviticus 4:25

And the priest shall take some of the blood of

Quote: וְ⁠לָקַ֨ח הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן מִ⁠דַּ֤ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

It is implied that the priest will catch the blood in a bowl as the blood drains from the goat. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

the horns of the altar of

Quote: קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח (1)

The horns of the altar refer to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in Leviticus 4:7.

Leviticus 4:26

he shall cause to become smoke

Quote: יַקְטִ֣יר (1)

Alternate translation: “the priest will burn”

And the priest shall make atonement for him

Quote: וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

and it will be forgiven to him

Quote: וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the ruler’s sins” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 4:27

one {thing} from the commands of Yahweh that shall not be done

Quote: אַחַ֨ת מִ⁠מִּצְוֺ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־ תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

All of the people of Israel were commanded not to sin. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “one thing that Yahweh commanded the people not to do” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 4:28

his sin that he sinned is made known to him

Quote: הוֹדַ֣ע אֵלָ֔י⁠ו חַטָּאת֖⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֑א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he becomes aware of the sin he committed” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 4:29

And he shall lay his hand on the head of

Quote: וְ⁠סָמַךְ֙ אֶת־ יָד֔⁠וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

Leviticus 4:30

And the priest shall take some of its blood

Quote: וְ⁠לָקַ֨ח הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֤ן מִ⁠דָּמָ⁠הּ֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

It is implied that the priest will catch the blood in a bowl as the blood drains from the animal. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

the horns of the altar

Quote: קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח (1)

The horns of the altar refer to the corners of the altar, which are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in Leviticus 4:7.

And all its blood

Quote: כָּל־ דָּמָ֣⁠הּ (1)

Alternate translation: “all the blood remaining in the bowl”

Leviticus 4:31

he shall remove

Quote: יָסִ֗יר (1)

Here he refers to the person offering the sacrifice.

just as the fat is removed

Quote: כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוּסַ֣ר חֵלֶב֮ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as a person cuts away the fat” (See: Active or Passive)

And the priest shall cause {it} to become smoke

Quote: וְ⁠הִקְטִ֤יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵן֙ (1)

Alternate translation: “And the priest will burn the fat”

as a scent of pleasing to Yahweh

Quote: לְ⁠רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

And the priest shall make atonement for him

Quote: וְ⁠כִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

and it will be forgiven to him

Quote: וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 4:33

And he shall lay his hand on the head of

Quote: וְ⁠סָמַךְ֙ אֶת־ יָד֔⁠וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

where he slaughters

Quote: אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁחַ֖ט (1)

Alternate translation: “where the priest kills”

Leviticus 4:34

the horns of the altar of

Quote: קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח (1)

The horns of the altar refer to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in Leviticus 4:7.

And all its blood he shall pour out

Quote: כָּל־ דָּמָ֣⁠הּ יִשְׁפֹּ֔ךְ (1)

Alternate translation: “he will pour out the rest of its blood”

Leviticus 4:35

he shall remove

Quote: יָסִ֗יר (1)

Here, he refers to the person offering the sacrifice.

just as the fat of the lamb is removed

Quote: כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר יוּסַ֥ר חֵֽלֶב־ הַ⁠כֶּשֶׂב֮ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

And the priest shall cause them to become smoke

Quote: וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֤ן אֹתָ⁠ם֙ (1)

Alternate translation: “And the priest will burn the fat”

And the priest will make atonement for him for his sin

Quote: וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן עַל־ חַטָּאת֥⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

and it will be forgiven to him

Quote: וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 5

Leviticus 5 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter gives instructions about how to offer a specific type of sacrifice.

Special concepts in this chapter

Not testifying

If a person saw a crime, or a wrong being done, they were required to be a witness about what they saw or heard. (See: testimony, testify, witness, eyewitness, evidence)

Sacrifices for the poor

This chapter explains that poor people were allowed to offer less expensive sacrifices if they could not afford more costly sacrifices.

Leviticus 5:1

[GL Quote Not Found!]

Quote: General Information: (0)

General Information:

Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.

Leviticus 5:2

unclean … unclean … unclean … unclean … is} unclean

Quote: טָמֵא֒ & טְמֵאָ֗ה & טְמֵאָ֔ה & טָמֵ֑א & טָמֵ֖א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

the … carcass of … the … carcass of … the carcass of

Quote: בְ⁠נִבְלַ֨ת & בְּ⁠נִבְלַת֙ & בְּ⁠נִבְלַ֖ת (1)

Alternate translation: “it be the dead body of … the dead body of … the dead body of”

Leviticus 5:3

when he touches the uncleanness of a man

Quote: כִ֤י יִגַּע֙ בְּ⁠טֻמְאַ֣ת אָדָ֔ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word uncleanness, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “if he touches anything that makes a person unclean” (See: Abstract Nouns)

the uncleanness of … his uncleanness … he becomes unclean

Quote: בְּ⁠טֻמְאַ֣ת & טֻמְאָת֔⁠וֹ & יִטְמָ֖א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Something that Yahweh has declared unfit for a person to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

and it is hidden from him

Quote: וְ⁠נֶעְלַ֣ם מִמֶּ֔⁠נּוּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he does not realize it” or “and he does not know about it” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 5:4

a person, when he swears {an oath} by speaking thoughtlessly with two lips

Quote: נֶ֡פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תִשָּׁבַע֩ לְ⁠בַטֵּ֨א בִ⁠שְׂפָתַ֜יִם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche

Here, lips represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “if anyone swears rashly” (See: Synecdoche)

a person, when he swears {an oath} by speaking thoughtlessly

Quote: נֶ֡פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תִשָּׁבַע֩ לְ⁠בַטֵּ֨א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

This means to swear an oath without thinking seriously about it. It implies that after the person swears the oath that he either cannot fulfill it or he does not really want to fulfill it. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 5:6

And the priest shall make atonement for him

Quote: וְ⁠כִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

Leviticus 5:8

And he shall twist off its head from the back of its neck, but he shall not divide {it

Quote: וּ⁠מָלַ֧ק אֶת־ רֹאשׁ֛⁠וֹ מִ⁠מּ֥וּל עָרְפּ֖⁠וֹ וְ⁠לֹ֥א יַבְדִּֽיל (1)

Alternate translation: “And he will kill it by twisting its head and breaking its neck, but he will not remove the head”

Leviticus 5:10

according to the regulation

Quote: כַּ⁠מִּשְׁפָּ֑ט (1)

Alternate translation: “as Yahweh has instructed”

And the priest shall make atonement for him

Quote: וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

and it will be forgiven to him

Quote: וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 5:11

a tenth of an ephah of

Quote: עֲשִׂירִ֧ת הָ⁠אֵפָ֛ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume

An ephah is 22 liters. A tenth of an ephah is about two liters. (See: Biblical Volume)

a tenth of

Quote: עֲשִׂירִ֧ת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction

A tenth is one part out of ten equal parts. (See: Fractions)

Leviticus 5:12

And he shall bring it

Quote: וֶ⁠הֱבִיאָ⁠הּ֮ (1)

Alternate translation: “And he must bring the fine flour”

its memorial portion

Quote: אֶת־ אַזְכָּרָתָ⁠ה֙ (1)

The memorial offering is the handful that the priest burns on the altar represents the entire offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. See how you translated this in Leviticus 2:2.

Leviticus 5:13

And the priest shall make atonement for him

Quote: וְ⁠כִפֶּר֩ עָלָ֨י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

and it will be forgiven to him

Quote: וְ⁠נִסְלַ֣ח ל֑⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 5:15

A person, when he trespasses a trespass and he sins by mistake from the holy {things} of Yahweh

Quote: נֶ֚פֶשׁ כִּֽי־ תִמְעֹ֣ל מַ֔עַל וְ⁠חָֽטְאָה֙ בִּ⁠שְׁגָגָ֔ה מִ⁠קָּדְשֵׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה (1)

This means the person sinned by not giving to Yahweh what Yahweh commanded him to give. Alternate translation: “If a person sins by failing to give to Yahweh what belongs to Yahweh”

Leviticus 5:16

and a fifth of it he shall add to it

Quote: וְ⁠אֶת־ חֲמִֽישִׁת⁠וֹ֙ יוֹסֵ֣ף עָלָ֔י⁠ו (1)

This means the person must pay an extra one-fifth of the value of what he owes to Yahweh.

and a fifth of it

Quote: חֲמִֽישִׁת⁠וֹ֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction

The one-fifth is one part out of five equal parts. (See: Fractions)

And the priest shall make atonement for him

Quote: וְ⁠הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֗ן יְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

and it will be forgiven to him

Quote: וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 5:17

one {thing} from all the commands of Yahweh which shall not be done

Quote: אַחַת֙ מִ⁠כָּל־ מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “one thing that Yahweh has commanded the people not to do” (See: Active or Passive)

and he shall bear his iniquity

Quote: וְ⁠נָשָׂ֥א עֲוֺנֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person’s iniquity is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries. Here the word iniquity represents the punishment for that guilt. Alternate translation: “and he is responsible for his own guilt” or “Yahweh will punish him for his sin” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 5:18

in your valuation

Quote: בְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֥ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis

This means the person must determine how many shekels the ram is worth by using the official standard of the sacred tent. See Leviticus 5:15. (See: Ellipsis)

and it will be forgiven to him

Quote: וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 5:19

being guilty, he is guilty to Yahweh

Quote: אָשֹׁ֥ם אָשַׁ֖ם לַ⁠יהוָֽה (1)

Alternate translation: “Yahweh certainly considers him guilty”

Leviticus 6

Leviticus 6 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter gives instructions on how to offer guilt offerings, burnt offerings, and grain offerings.

Special concepts in this chapter

Eating sacrifices

The Levites were allowed to eat some of the leftover parts of the sacrifice, while they were not allowed to eat other sacrifices. The reasons for this is unknown.

Leviticus 6:2

and he trespasses a trespass against Yahweh

Quote: וּ⁠מָעֲלָ֥ה מַ֖עַל בַּ⁠יהוָ֑ה (1)

Alternate translation: “and disobeys one of Yahweh’s commandments”

Leviticus 6:4

the deposit that was deposited with him

Quote: אֶת־ הַ⁠פִּקָּד֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָפְקַ֖ד אִתּ֑⁠וֹ (1)

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “not returning something he borrowed”

Leviticus 6:5

in its principal

Quote: בְּ⁠רֹאשׁ֔⁠וֹ (1)

Alternate translation: “fully” or “totally”

and he shall add the fifth of it

Quote: וַ⁠חֲמִשִׁתָ֖י⁠ו יֹסֵ֣ף (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction

This means the person must return what he owes to someone and pay an extra one-fifth of the value. See how you translated this in Leviticus 5:16. (See: Fractions)

To whomever it {is} to him, he shall give it

Quote: לַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר ה֥וּא ל֛⁠וֹ יִתְּנֶ֖⁠נּוּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he must pay the person he owes” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 6:6

in your valuation

Quote: בְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֥ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis

This means the person must determine how many shekels the ram is worth by using the official standard of the sacred tent. You can make clear the understood information. See how this was translated in Leviticus 5:15. (See: Ellipsis)

Leviticus 6:7

And the priest shall make atonement for him

Quote: וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

to the face of Yahweh

Quote: לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה (1)

Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh”

and it will be forgiven to him

Quote: וְ⁠נִסְלַ֣ח ל֑⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

This means Yahweh will forgive the person, not the priest. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and God will forgive him” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 6:9

Command Aaron and his sons, saying, ‘This {is} the law of the burnt offering

Quote: צַ֤ו אֶֽת־ אַהֲרֹן֙ וְ⁠אֶת־ בָּנָ֣י⁠ו לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes

This sentence has a quotation within a quotation. You can state this as an indirect quotation. “Tell Aaron and his sons that this is the law” (See:Quotes within Quotes)

on the hearth, on the altar

Quote: עַל֩ מוֹקְדָ֨ה עַל־ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֤חַ (1)

Alternate translation: “must be on top of the altar”

And the fire of the altar shall be made to burn on it

Quote: וְ⁠אֵ֥שׁ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ תּ֥וּקַד בּֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And you must keep the fire of the altar burning” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 6:10

and the undergarments of linen he shall wear

Quote: וּ⁠מִֽכְנְסֵי־ בַד֮ יִלְבַּ֣שׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

Linen is a white cloth. Alternate translation: “and he will put on his white underclothes” (See: Translate Unknowns)

where the fire consumes the burnt offering on the altar

Quote: אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאכַ֥ל הָ⁠אֵ֛שׁ אֶת־ הָ⁠עֹלָ֖ה עַל־ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ (1)

The fire completely burning up the offering is spoken of as if it consumed or used up the burnt offering.

Leviticus 6:11

to a clean place

Quote: אֶל־ מָק֖וֹם טָהֽוֹר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here, a clean place that is fit to be used for God’s purposes is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 6:12

But the fire on the altar shall be made to burn on it

Quote: וְ⁠הָ⁠אֵ֨שׁ עַל־ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֤חַ תּֽוּקַד־ בּ⁠וֹ֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the priest will keep the fire on the altar burning” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 6:15

a scent of pleasing

Quote: רֵ֧יחַ נִיחֹ֛חַ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. See how you translated a similar phrase in Leviticus 1:9. (See: Metaphor)

its memorial portion

Quote: אַזְכָּרָתָ֖⁠הּ (1)

The memorial portion was a handful of the grain offering representing the whole grain offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. See how you translated this in Leviticus 2:2.

Leviticus 6:16

shall be eaten

Quote: תֵּֽאָכֵל֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They must eat it” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 6:17

It shall not be baked {with} leaven

Quote: לֹ֤א תֵאָפֶה֙ חָמֵ֔ץ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not bake it with yeast” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 6:18

Anything that touches them will be holy

Quote: כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־ יִגַּ֥ע בָּ⁠הֶ֖ם יִקְדָּֽשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

This could mean: (1) this refers to any object that touches this offering. This is a warning to keep unclean things away from the offering. (2) this refers to any person who touches this offering. This is an implied warning that those who are not male descendants of Aaron should not touch this offering. Alternate translation: “anyone who touches them will become holy” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 6:20

on the day of his being anointed

Quote: בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ הִמָּשַׁ֣ח אֹת֔⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

It is implied that they will be anointed when they become priests. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “on the day when he is anointed as priest” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

on the day of his being anointed

Quote: בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ הִמָּשַׁ֣ח אֹת֔⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on the day when he anoints each son as priest” (See: Active or Passive)

a tenth of an ephah of

Quote: עֲשִׂירִ֨ת הָ⁠אֵפָ֥ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume

An ephah is 22 liters. A tenth part of an ephah is about 2 liters. (See: Biblical Volume)

a tenth of

Quote: עֲשִׂירִ֨ת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction

A tenth is one part of ten equal parts. (See: Fractions)

Leviticus 6:21

It shall be made

Quote: תֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will make it” (See: Active or Passive)

on a griddle

Quote: עַֽל־ מַחֲבַ֗ת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

This griddle was a thick plate made of either clay or metal. The griddle was placed over a fire, and the dough cooked on top of the plate. See how you translated “flat iron pan” in Leviticus 2:5. (See: Translate Unknowns)

Mixed

Quote: מֻרְבֶּ֣כֶת (1)

Alternate translation: “When the flour is completely wet with oil”

you shall bring it

Quote: תְּבִיאֶ֑⁠נָּה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you

Here, you refers to the person offering the sacrifice. (See: Forms of You)

a scent of pleasing to Yahweh

Quote: רֵֽיחַ־ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַ⁠יהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Leviticus 6:22

a whole {offering} shall be made to become smoke

Quote: כָּלִ֥יל תָּקְטָֽר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he must completely burn all of it” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 6:25

Speak to Aaron and to his sons, saying, ‘This {is} the law of

Quote: דַּבֵּ֤ר אֶֽל־ אַהֲרֹן֙ וְ⁠אֶל־ בָּנָ֣י⁠ו לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes

This sentence has a quotation within a quotation. You can state this as an indirect quotation. “Tell Aaron and his sons that this is the law” (See:Quotes within Quotes)

Speak to Aaron and to his sons

Quote: דַּבֵּ֤ר אֶֽל־ אַהֲרֹן֙ וְ⁠אֶל־ בָּנָ֣י⁠ו (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Yahweh is speaking to Aaron and his sons, but these regulations apply to all priest who perform these sacrifices. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

the sin offering shall be slaughtered to the face of Yahweh

Quote: תִּשָּׁחֵ֤ט הַֽ⁠חַטָּאת֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

It can be made explicit that before the face of Yahweh refers to the north side of the altar. See Leviticus 1:10-11. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

the sin offering shall be slaughtered

Quote: תִּשָּׁחֵ֤ט הַֽ⁠חַטָּאת֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must kill the sin offering” (See: Active or Passive)

where the burnt offering … slaughtered, … is

Quote: אֲשֶׁר֩ תִּשָּׁחֵ֨ט הָ⁠עֹלָ֜ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “where you kill the animal for the burnt offering” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 6:26

it shall be eaten

Quote: תֵּֽאָכֵ֔ל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He must eat it” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 6:27

Everything that touches its flesh will be holy

Quote: כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־ יִגַּ֥ע בִּ⁠בְשָׂרָ֖⁠הּ יִקְדָּ֑שׁ (1)

See how you translated a similar sentence in 6:18.

And whoever sprinkles some of the blood

Quote: וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִזֶּ֤ה מִ⁠דָּמָ⁠הּ֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if the blood sprinkles” or “And if you sprinkle some of the blood” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 6:28

And a container of earthenware, which it is boiled in it, shall be shattered

Quote: וּ⁠כְלִי־ חֶ֛רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּבֻשַּׁל־ בּ֖⁠וֹ יִשָּׁבֵ֑ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And you must break the clay pot in which you boiled the meat” (See: Active or Passive)

But if it is boiled in a container of bronze, then it shall be scoured and it shall be rinsed with water

Quote: וְ⁠אִם־ בִּ⁠כְלִ֤י נְחֹ֨שֶׁת֙ בֻּשָּׁ֔לָה וּ⁠מֹרַ֥ק וְ⁠שֻׁטַּ֖ף בַּ⁠מָּֽיִם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if you boiled the meat in a bronze pot, then you must scrub the pot and rinse it with clean water” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 6:30

But every sin offering that some of its blood is brought into the tent of meeting to make atonement in the Holy Place, it shall not be eaten

Quote: וְ⁠כָל־ חַטָּ֡את אֲשֶׁר֩ יוּבָ֨א מִ⁠דָּמָ֜⁠הּ אֶל־ אֹ֧הֶל מוֹעֵ֛ד לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר בַּ⁠קֹּ֖דֶשׁ לֹ֣א תֵאָכֵ֑ל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And no one may eat any sin offering whose blood the priest has brought into the tent of meeting to make atonement in the holy place” (See: Active or Passive)

It shall be burned

Quote: תִּשָּׂרֵֽף (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The priest must burn it” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 7

Leviticus 7 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter gives instructions on how to offer guilt offerings, peace offerings and freewill offerings.

Special concepts in this chapter

Blood

The people were not allowed to eat or drink the blood of the sacrificed meat because life was considered to be in the blood of the animal. (See: INVALID bible/kt/blood and Leviticus 17:11)

Leviticus 7:1

[GL Quote Not Found!]

Quote: General Information: (0)

General Information:

Yahweh continues telling Moses what he must tell Aaron and his sons.

Leviticus 7:2

In the place where they will slaughter the burnt offering

Quote: בִּ⁠מְק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁחֲטוּ֙ אֶת־ הָ֣⁠עֹלָ֔ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

It can be made explicit that this refers to the north side of the altar where the animals for the burnt offerings are killed. See Leviticus 1:10-11. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 7:3

And all its fat he shall present from it

Quote: כָּל־ חֶלְבּ֖⁠וֹ יַקְרִ֣יב מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the priest must offer all the fat in it” (See: Active or Passive)

the innards

Quote: אֶת־ הַ⁠קֶּֽרֶב (1)

The inner parts are the stomach and intestines.

Leviticus 7:4

the loins

Quote: הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים (1)

The loins is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone. See how you translated this in Leviticus 3:4.

Leviticus 7:6

it shall be eaten

Quote: יֵאָכֵ֔ל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 7:7

The law is one for them

Quote: תּוֹרָ֥ה אַחַ֖ת לָ⁠הֶ֑ם (1)

Alternate translation: “The law is the same for both of them”

The priest who makes atonement with it

Quote: הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְכַפֶּר־ בּ֖⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word atonement, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The priest who offers the sacrifice to atone for someone’s sins” (See: Abstract Nouns)

Leviticus 7:8

the skin of

Quote: ע֤וֹר (1)

The hide is the coat or skin of a herd animal.

Leviticus 7:9

that is baked in an oven … made in a pan

Quote: אֲשֶׁ֤ר תֵּֽאָפֶה֙ בַּ⁠תַּנּ֔וּר & נַעֲשָׂ֥ה בַ⁠מַּרְחֶ֖שֶׁת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that someone bakes in an oven … that someone cooks in a frying pan” (See: Active or Passive)

in an oven

Quote: בַּ⁠תַּנּ֔וּר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

This oven was probably a hollow object made of clay. A fire was lit under the oven, and the heat would bake the dough inside of the oven. See how you translated this in Leviticus 2:4. (See: Translate Unknowns)

in a pan

Quote: בַ⁠מַּרְחֶ֖שֶׁת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

This frying pan was metal plate with rounded edges. The dough was placed in the pan and cooked over a fire. See how you translated “pan” in Leviticus 2:7. (See: Translate Unknowns)

a griddle

Quote: מַחֲבַ֑ת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

This griddle was a thick plate made of either clay or metal. The plate was placed over a fire, and the dough cooked on top of the plate. See how you translated “flat iron pan” in Leviticus 2:5. (See: Translate Unknowns)

Leviticus 7:12

loaves of unleavened bread mixed with oil

Quote: חַלּ֤וֹת מַצּוֹת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “of cakes without yeast that he mixed with oil” (See: Active or Passive)

loaves of

Quote: חַלּ֤וֹת (1)

Here, cakes refers to a thick bread.

or wafers of unleavened bread anointed with oil

Quote: וּ⁠רְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֣ים בַּ⁠שָּׁ֑מֶן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “of thin cakes without yeast upon which he spread oil” (See: Active or Passive)

or wafers of

Quote: וּ⁠רְקִיקֵ֥י (1)

Here, wafers refers to a thin bread.

or mixed flour, loaves mixed with oil

Quote: וְ⁠סֹ֣לֶת מֻרְבֶּ֔כֶת חַלֹּ֖ת בְּלוּלֹ֥ת בַּ⁠שָּֽׁמֶן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “of cakes that he made with fine flour into which he thoroughly mixed oil” (See: Active or Passive)

or mixed flour, loaves

Quote: וְ⁠סֹ֣לֶת מֻרְבֶּ֔כֶת חַלֹּ֖ת (1)

These cakes were a thick bread. It is similar to the first type of bread except it is made with the finest flour.

Leviticus 7:13

loaves of

Quote: חַלֹּת֙ (1)

These cakes were a thick bread.

Leviticus 7:15

He shall not leave

Quote: לֹֽא־ יַנִּ֥יחַ (1)

Alternate translation: “The person who offers the sacrifice must not leave”

And the meat of the sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offerings

Quote: וּ⁠בְשַׂ֗ר זֶ֚בַח תּוֹדַ֣ת שְׁלָמָ֔י⁠ו (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word thanksgiving, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the meat that makes up the peace offering for the purpose of thanking Yahweh” (See: Abstract Nouns)

Leviticus 7:16

it shall be eaten … the remainder of it may be eaten

Quote: יֵאָכֵ֑ל & וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתָ֥ר מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יֵאָכֵֽל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he may eat it … he may eat whatever remains of it” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 7:17

on the third day

Quote: בַּ⁠יּוֹם֙ הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal

The word third is the ordinal number for three. Alternate translation: “after two days” (See: Ordinal Numbers)

But the remainder from the flesh of the sacrifice shall be burned with fire on the third day

Quote: וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתָ֖ר מִ⁠בְּשַׂ֣ר הַ⁠זָּ֑בַח בַּ⁠יּוֹם֙ הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י בָּ⁠אֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵֽף (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And on the third day he must burn in the fire what is left from the meat of the sacrifice” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 7:18

And if some of the meat of the sacrifice of his peace offering is eaten, being eaten on the third day

Quote: וְ⁠אִ֣ם הֵאָכֹ֣ל יֵ֠אָכֵל מִ⁠בְּשַׂר־ זֶ֨בַח שְׁלָמָ֜י⁠ו בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁי֮ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If anyone eats the meat of his peace offering sacrifice on the third day” (See: Active or Passive)

will not be accepted

Quote: לֹ֣א יֵרָצֶה֒ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not accept it” (See: Active or Passive)

the person who presented it … it will not be accounted to him

Quote: הַ⁠מַּקְרִ֣יב אֹת֗⁠וֹ לֹ֧א יֵחָשֵׁ֛ב ל֖⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

he will bear his iniquity

Quote: עֲוֺנָ֥⁠הּ תִּשָּֽׂא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person being responsible for the sin he committed is spoken of as if he had to carry his iniquity physically. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 7:19

And the meat that touches any unclean {thing} shall not be eaten

Quote: וְ⁠הַ⁠בָּשָׂ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־ יִגַּ֤ע בְּ⁠כָל־ טָמֵא֙ לֹ֣א יֵֽאָכֵ֔ל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And no one may eat meat that touches something unclean” (See: Active or Passive)

unclean {thing

Quote: טָמֵא֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

It shall be burned

Quote: יִשָּׂרֵ֑ף (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must burn it” (See: Active or Passive)

any clean {person

Quote: כָּל־ טָה֖וֹר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 7:20

and his uncleanness {is} on him

Quote: וְ⁠טֻמְאָת֖⁠וֹ עָלָ֑י⁠ו (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if his uncleanness were physically placed on him. (See: Metaphor)

then that person shall be cut off from his people

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “that person must be separated from his people like a branch cut from a tree” (See: Metaphor)

then that person shall be cut off from his people

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 7:21

the uncleanness of a man

Quote: בְּ⁠טֻמְאַ֤ת אָדָם֙ (1)

Here, a human could be either a man or a woman. Alternate translation: “a person”

or any unclean detestable thing

Quote: א֚וֹ בְּ⁠כָל־ שֶׁ֣קֶץ טָמֵ֔א (1)

Alternate translation: “or of some unclean thing that disgusts Yahweh”

that person shall be cut off from his people

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

that person shall be cut off from his people

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must remove that person from your people” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 7:24

And the fat of a carcass or the fat of a torn animal shall be made for any work, but you shall certainly not eat it

Quote: וְ⁠חֵ֤לֶב נְבֵלָה֙ וְ⁠חֵ֣לֶב טְרֵפָ֔ה יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה לְ⁠כָל־ מְלָאכָ֑ה וְ⁠אָכֹ֖ל לֹ֥א תֹאכְלֻֽ⁠הוּ (1)

Alternate translation: “And you may certainly not eat the fat of a carcass or the fat of an animal that was torn by wild animals, but you may use it for other purposes”

or the fat of a torn animal

Quote: וְ⁠חֵ֣לֶב טְרֵפָ֔ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “or the fat of an animal that wild animals killed” (See: Active or Passive)

shall be made

Quote: יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you may use” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 7:25

then the person, the one eating it, shall be cut off from his people

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הָ⁠אֹכֶ֖לֶת מֵֽ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

then the person, the one eating it, shall be cut off from his people

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הָ⁠אֹכֶ֖לֶת מֵֽ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in Leviticus 7:20. (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 7:26

in any of your dwelling places

Quote: בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֑ם (1)

Alternate translation: “in any of your homes” or “wherever you live”

Leviticus 7:29

Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘The person presenting

Quote: דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר הַ⁠מַּקְרִ֞יב (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes

This sentence has a quotation within a quotation. You can translate this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Tell the people of Israel that the one who offers” (See:Quotes within Quotes)

Leviticus 7:30

His hands shall bring

Quote: יָדָ֣י⁠ו תְּבִיאֶ֔ינָה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche

Here His hands represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “He must bring” (See: Synecdoche)

the breast

Quote: אֵ֣ת הֶ⁠חָזֶ֗ה (1)

The breast is the front part of the animal’s body below the neck.

to raise it {as} a raised offering

Quote: לְ⁠הָנִ֥יף אֹת֛⁠וֹ תְּנוּפָ֖ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

Here, to wave the offering is a symbolic gesture that shows that the person is dedicating the sacrifice to Yahweh. (See: Symbolic Action)

Leviticus 7:32

And the right thigh

Quote: שׁ֣וֹק הַ⁠יָּמִ֔ין (1)

The thigh is the upper part of the leg above the knee.

Leviticus 7:34

I took

Quote: לָקַ֨חְתִּי֙ (1)

Here, I refers to Yahweh.

Leviticus 7:36

on the day of his anointing them

Quote: בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ מָשְׁח֣⁠וֹ אֹתָ֔⁠ם (1)

Alternate translation: “on the day Moses anointed them as priests”

for their generations

Quote: לְ⁠דֹרֹתָֽ⁠ם (1)

See how you translated these words in Leviticus 3:17.

Leviticus 7:37

[GL Quote Not Found!]

Quote: Connecting Statement: (0)

Connecting Statement:

Verses 37-38 are the end of a speech started in verse Leviticus 7:29.

Leviticus 8

Leviticus 8 General Notes

Structure and formatting

In this chapter, Moses set apart, or consecrated, the sons of Aaron to be priests. (See: consecrate, consecrated, consecration and priest, priesthood)

Leviticus 8:1

[GL Quote Not Found!]

Quote: General Information: (0)

General Information:

In chapter 8 Moses ordains Aaron and his sons as priests according to the commands of Yahweh that Moses recorded in the book of Exodus.

Leviticus 8:2

and the clothes

Quote: הַ⁠בְּגָדִ֔ים (1)

Alternate translation: “the priestly garments” or “the clothes that the priests wore”

Leviticus 8:5

Yahweh commanded to do

Quote: צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לַ⁠עֲשֽׂוֹת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh commands us to do” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 8:6

and he washed them with water

Quote: וַ⁠יִּרְחַ֥ץ אֹתָ֖⁠ם בַּ⁠מָּֽיִם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

This is a symbolic action. It is a ritually cleaning that prepares them to become priests. (See: Symbolic Action)

Leviticus 8:7

the tunic … with the sash, … with} the robe, … the ephod … with the finely woven waistband of the ephod

Quote: אֶת־ הַ⁠כֻּתֹּ֗נֶת & בָּֽ⁠אַבְנֵ֔ט & הַ⁠מְּעִ֔יל & אֶת־ הָ⁠אֵפֹ֑ד & בְּ⁠חֵ֨שֶׁב֙ הָֽ⁠אֵפֹ֔ד (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

These are special garments that Yahweh commanded the people to make for the priests. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

with the sash

Quote: בָּֽ⁠אַבְנֵ֔ט (1)

A sash is a long piece of cloth that is tied around the waist or chest.

and he fastened {the ephod} on him with it

Quote: וַ⁠יֶּאְפֹּ֥ד ל֖⁠וֹ בּֽ⁠וֹ (1)

Alternate translation: “and tied it around him”

Leviticus 8:8

And he put the breastplate on him

Quote: וַ⁠יָּ֥שֶׂם עָלָ֖י⁠ו אֶת־ הַ⁠חֹ֑שֶׁן (1)

Alternate translation: “And Moses placed the breastpiece on Aaron”

the breastplate … the breastplate

Quote: אֶת־ הַ⁠חֹ֑שֶׁן & הַ⁠חֹ֔שֶׁן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

This is a special garment that Yahweh commanded the people to make for the priests. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

the Urim and the Thummim

Quote: אֶת־ הָ⁠אוּרִ֖ים וְ⁠אֶת־ הַ⁠תֻּמִּֽים (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

It is not clear what the Urim and the Thummim are. They were objects that the priest somehow used to determine the will of God. (See: Translate Unknowns)

Leviticus 8:9

the turban

Quote: אֶת־ הַ⁠מִּצְנֶ֖פֶת (1)

A turban is a man’s head covering that is a long piece of cloth wrapped around the head.

the flower of gold, the crown of holiness

Quote: אֵ֣ת צִ֤יץ הַ⁠זָּהָב֙ נֵ֣זֶר הַ⁠קֹּ֔דֶשׁ (1)

These two phrases refer to the same thing. It was a plate of pure gold attached to the turban.

Leviticus 8:11

all its utensils and

Quote: כָּל־ כֵּלָ֗י⁠ו (1)

These utensils were all the pots, pans, shovels, and forks used at the altar.

the basin and

Quote: הַ⁠כִּיֹּ֛ר (1)

This washbasin was a bronze basin that was located between the altar and the tabernacle.

and … its base

Quote: כַּנּ֖⁠וֹ (1)

This base was a bronze stand on which the washbasin was placed.

Leviticus 8:12

And he poured

Quote: וַ⁠יִּצֹק֙ (1)

Alternate translation: “And Moses poured”

Leviticus 8:13

with} sashes

Quote: אַבְנֵ֔ט (1)

The word sashes is the plural form of “sash.” See how you translated this in Leviticus 8:7.

Leviticus 8:14

And Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of

Quote: וַ⁠יִּסְמֹ֨ךְ אַהֲרֹ֤ן וּ⁠בָנָי⁠ו֙ אֶת־ יְדֵי⁠הֶ֔ם עַל־ רֹ֖אשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

This is a symbolic action that identifies Aaron and his sons with the animal they are offering. In this way they are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:4. (See: Symbolic Action)

Leviticus 8:15

the horns of the altar

Quote: קַרְנ֨וֹת הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֤חַ (1)

The horns of the altar refer to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in Leviticus 4:7.

And he made it holy

Quote: וַֽ⁠יְקַדְּשֵׁ֖⁠הוּ (1)

Alternate translation: “And he set the altar apart for God”

to make atonement on it

Quote: לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽי⁠ו (1)

Here, to make atonement means to make the altar fit for use in serving God. Alternate translation: “in order to make it a suitable place for burning sacrifices for sin”

Leviticus 8:16

the innards

Quote: הַ⁠קֶּרֶב֒ (1)

The inner parts were the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9.

the liver … kidneys

Quote: הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד & הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֖ת (1)

See how you translated these words in Leviticus 3:4.

Leviticus 8:17

and its skin

Quote: עֹר⁠וֹ֙ (1)

A hide is the coat or skin of a herd animal.

Leviticus 8:18

And Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of

Quote: וַֽ⁠יִּסְמְכ֞וּ אַהֲרֹ֧ן וּ⁠בָנָ֛י⁠ו אֶת־ יְדֵי⁠הֶ֖ם עַל־ רֹ֥אשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

Leviticus 8:21

for a scent of pleasing

Quote: לְ⁠רֵֽיחַ־ נִיחֹ֨חַ֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated a similar phrase in Leviticus 1:9. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 8:22

the ram of the ordination offering

Quote: אֵ֖יל הַ⁠מִּלֻּאִ֑ים (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word consecration, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the ram for setting Aaron and his sons apart for service to God” (See: Abstract Nouns)

And Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of

This is a symbolic action that identifies Aaron and his sons with the animal they are offering. In this way the they are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:4. (See: Symbolic Action)

Leviticus 8:23

And he slaughtered {it}, and Moses took some of its blood

Quote: וַ⁠יִּשְׁחָ֓ט׀ וַ⁠יִּקַּ֤ח מֹשֶׁה֙ מִ⁠דָּמ֔⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

It is implied that Moses caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained out from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “And Moses slaughtered it, caught some of the blood in a bowl,” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 8:25

the innards

Quote: הַ⁠קֶּרֶב֒ (1)

Here, the inner parts refers to the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9.

the liver … the … kidneys

Quote: הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד & הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֖ת (1)

See how you translated these words in Leviticus 3:4.

and the right thigh

Quote: שׁ֥וֹק הַ⁠יָּמִֽין (1)

The thigh is the upper part of the leg above the knee. See how you translated this in Leviticus 7:32.

Leviticus 8:26

And from the basket of the unleavened bread that {was} to the face of Yahweh

Quote: וּ⁠מִ⁠סַּ֨ל הַ⁠מַּצּ֜וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר׀ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה (1)

This does not refer to the location of the basket of bread. It means this is the bread that Moses had dedicated to Yahweh.

Leviticus 8:27

And he put the whole on the palms of Aaron and on the palms of his sons

Quote: וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֣ן אֶת־ הַ⁠כֹּ֔ל עַ֚ל כַּפֵּ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן וְ⁠עַ֖ל כַּפֵּ֣י בָנָ֑י⁠ו (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche

Here, hands represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “gave it all to Aaron and his sons” (See: Synecdoche)

and he raised them {as} a raised offering to the face of Yahweh

Quote: וַ⁠יָּ֧נֶף אֹתָ֛⁠ם תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

It is implied that Aaron and his sons presented the offering. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “and Aaron and his sons waved them before Yahweh as a wave offering” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

and he raised them

Quote: וַ⁠יָּ֧נֶף אֹתָ֛⁠ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

This is a symbolic action that dedicates the offering to Yahweh. (See: Symbolic Action)

Leviticus 8:28

And Moses took them

Quote: וַ⁠יִּקַּ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֹתָ⁠ם֙ (1)

Here, them refers to the fat, thigh, and all of the bread.

They {were} an ordination offering

Quote: מִלֻּאִ֥ים הֵם֙ (1)

Alternate translation: “They were an offering for setting Aaron and his sons apart for service to Yahweh”

for a scent of pleasing

Quote: לְ⁠רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Leviticus 8:29

the breast

Quote: אֶת־ הֶ֣⁠חָזֶ֔ה (1)

The breast is the front part of the animal’s body below the neck.

from the ram of the ordination offering

Quote: מֵ⁠אֵ֣יל הַ⁠מִּלֻּאִ֗ים (1)

Here, ** consecration** refers to an official ceremony that makes someone a priest.

Leviticus 8:31

is} in the basket of the ordination offering

Quote: בְּ⁠סַ֣ל הַ⁠מִּלֻּאִ֑ים (1)

This means the basket contains offerings used while consecrating Aaron and his sons.

I commanded, saying, ‘Aaron and his sons shall eat it

Quote: צִוֵּ֨יתִי֙ לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר אַהֲרֹ֥ן וּ⁠בָנָ֖י⁠ו יֹאכְלֻֽ⁠הוּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes

This is a quotation within a quotation. You can state this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “I commanded Aaron and his sons will eat it” (See:Quotes within Quotes)

Leviticus 8:33

until the day of the filling of the days of your ordination

Quote: עַ֚ד י֣וֹם מְלֹ֔את יְמֵ֖י מִלֻּאֵי⁠כֶ֑ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until you fulfill the days of your ordination” (See: Active or Passive)

the days of your ordination

Quote: יְמֵ֖י מִלֻּאֵי⁠כֶ֑ם (1)

This consecration was an official ceremony that made someone a priest. See how you translated this in Leviticus 8:29.

Leviticus 8:34

to do

Quote: לַ⁠עֲשֹׂ֖ת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “us to do” (See: Active or Passive)

to make atonement for you

Quote: לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵי⁠כֶֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word atonement, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to atone for your sins” (See: Abstract Nouns)

Leviticus 8:35

thus I have been commanded

Quote: כֵ֖ן צֻוֵּֽיתִי (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this is what he has commanded me” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 9

Leviticus 9 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Aaron begins to function as the high priest in this chapter. (See: high priest, chief priests)

Special concepts in this chapter

Following Yahweh’s instructions

Great care is taken to show that Aaron perfectly followed Yahweh’s instructions. Moses records every detail to show how Aaron correctly followed Yahweh.

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

“Fire came out from Yahweh”

Aaron did not create the fire that consumed his sacrifice. Instead, Yahweh miraculously began the fire which consumed the sacrifice. This showed that the sacrifice was acceptable to him. (See: miracle, wonder, sign)

Leviticus 9:1

on the eighth day

Quote: בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁמִינִ֔י (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal

The word eighth is the ordinal number for eight. (See: Ordinal Numbers)

Leviticus 9:2

to the face of Yahweh

Quote: לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)

Alternate translation: “to Yahweh” or “in the presence of Yahweh”

Leviticus 9:3

And to the sons of Israel, you will speak, saying, ‘Take a buck of the goats

Quote: וְ⁠אֶל־ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תְּדַבֵּ֣ר לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר קְח֤וּ שְׂעִיר־ עִזִּים֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes

This is the beginning of a direct quote within a direct quote. You can change this into an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “And you must tell the people of Israel to take a male goat” (See:Quotes within Quotes)

sons of a year

Quote: בְּנֵי־ שָׁנָ֛ה (1)

Alternate translation: “a year old” or “twelve months of age”

Leviticus 9:4

to sacrifice to the face of Yahweh

Quote: לִ⁠זְבֹּ֨חַ֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה (1)

Alternate translation: “to sacrifice to Yahweh”

Leviticus 9:6

Yahweh commanded you will do

Quote: צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you

Here, you refers to the people of Israel. (See: Forms of You)

and the glory of Yahweh will appear to you

Quote: וְ⁠יֵרָ֥א אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֖ם כְּב֥וֹד יְהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, glory represents the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh may show you the glory of his presence” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 9:7

and make your sin offering and your burnt offering … And make the offering of the people and make atonement for their benefit

Quote: וַ⁠עֲשֵׂ֞ה אֶת־ חַטָּֽאתְ⁠ךָ֙ וְ⁠אֶת־ עֹ֣לָתֶ֔⁠ךָ & וַ⁠עֲשֵׂ֞ה אֶת־ קָרְבַּ֤ן הָ⁠עָם֙ וְ⁠כַפֵּ֣ר בַּֽעֲדָ֔⁠ם (1)

These are two different sacrifices. The first sacrifice is to atone for the sins of the high priest. When the high priest sins it also makes the people guilty (Leviticus 4:3). The second sacrifice is to atone of the sins the people themselves commit.

Leviticus 9:9

And the sons of Aaron presented the blood to him

Quote: וַ֠⁠יַּקְרִבוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֣ן אֶת־ הַ⁠דָּם֮ אֵלָי⁠ו֒ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

This implies that they caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

the horns of the altar

Quote: קַרְנ֣וֹת הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ (1)

The horns of the altar refer to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in Leviticus 4:7.

the base of the altar

Quote: יְס֖וֹד הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחַ (1)

Alternate translation: “the bottom of the altar”

Leviticus 9:10

he caused to become smoke

Quote: הִקְטִ֖יר (1)

Alternate translation: “Aaron burned”

and the kidneys … the liver

Quote: הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֜ת & הַ⁠כָּבֵד֙ (1)

See how you translated these words in Leviticus 3:4.

Leviticus 9:11

and the skin

Quote: הָ⁠ע֑וֹר (1)

A hide is the coat or skin of a herd animal. See how you translated this in Leviticus 7:8.

Leviticus 9:12

And the sons of Aaron brought the blood to him

Quote: וַ֠⁠יַּמְצִאוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן אֵלָי⁠ו֙ אֶת־ הַ⁠דָּ֔ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

It is implied that the sons of Aaron caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 9:14

the innards

Quote: אֶת־ הַ⁠קֶּ֖רֶב (1)

Here, the inner parts refers to the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9.

Leviticus 9:15

like the first

Quote: כָּ⁠רִאשֽׁוֹן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal

The word first is the ordinal number for one. Alternate translation: “like the goat of the sin offering” (See: Ordinal Numbers)

Leviticus 9:17

in addition to the burnt offering of the morning

Quote: מִ⁠לְּ⁠בַ֖ד עֹלַ֥ת הַ⁠בֹּֽקֶר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

The burnt offering of the morning refers to the first sacrifice of each day. The priests would offer this burnt sacrifice in the morning before any other sacrifice. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 9:18

And he slaughtered

Quote: וַ⁠יִּשְׁחַ֤ט (1)

Alternate translation: “And Aaron killed”

And the sons of Aaron brought the blood to him

Quote: וַ֠⁠יַּמְצִאוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן אֶת־ הַ⁠דָּם֙ אֵלָ֔י⁠ו (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

It is implied that they caught the blood in a bowl. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 9:19

and that which covers {the innards

Quote: וְ⁠הַֽ⁠מְכַסֶּה֙ (1)

The inner parts* are the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9.

and the kidneys … the liver

Quote: וְ⁠הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֔ת & הַ⁠כָּבֵֽד (1)

See how you translated these words in Leviticus 3:4.

Leviticus 9:20

they put the fat on the breasts, and he caused … to become smoke

Quote: וַ⁠יָּשִׂ֥ימוּ אֶת־ הַ⁠חֲלָבִ֖ים עַל־ הֶ⁠חָז֑וֹת וַ⁠יַּקְטֵ֥ר (1)

Alternate translation: “Aaron’s sons then put the fat portions on the breasts, and Aaron burned”

the breasts

Quote: הֶ⁠חָז֑וֹת (1)

The breast is front part of the animal’s body below the neck. See how you translated this in Leviticus 7:30.

Leviticus 9:21

and the right thigh

Quote: שׁ֣וֹק הַ⁠יָּמִ֔ין (1)

The thigh is the upper part of the leg above the knee. See how you translated this in Leviticus 7:32.

to the face of Yahweh

Quote: לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה (1)

Alternate translation: “to Yahweh”

Leviticus 9:22

And he came down

Quote: וַ⁠יֵּ֗רֶד (1)

The phrase came down is used because the place of the altar was higher than where the people were standing.

Leviticus 9:23

And the glory of Yahweh appeared to all the people

Quote: וַ⁠יֵּרָ֥א כְבוֹד־ יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־ כָּל־ הָ⁠עָֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, glory represents Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh showed all the people the glory of his presence” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 9:24

And fire went forth before the face of Yahweh, and it consumed

Quote: וַ⁠תֵּ֤צֵא אֵשׁ֙ מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַ⁠תֹּ֨אכַל֙ (1)

Alternate translation: “And Yahweh sent a fire that consumed”

and it consumed the burnt offering

Quote: וַ⁠תֹּ֨אכַל֙ & אֶת־ הָ⁠עֹלָ֖ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The fire completely burning up the offering is spoken of as if the fire consumed or used up the burnt offering. (See: Metaphor)

and they fell on their faces

Quote: וַֽ⁠יִּפְּל֖וּ עַל־ פְּנֵי⁠הֶֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

This is a sign respect and honor. Alternate translation: “and lay with their faces to the ground” (See: Symbolic Action)

Leviticus 10

Leviticus 10 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 10:3.

Special concepts in this chapter

Mourning

Aaron was told that he and his remaining sons should not mourn Aaron’s sons who were killed. As priests, they must put priestly work first, before their mourning and personal problems.

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

“Unapproved fire”

The phrase “unapproved fire “ indicates that Aaron’s son offered an unacceptable sacrifice. Because of Yahweh’s holiness, this was a serious sin. They may have offered a sacrifice at the wrong time or in the wrong way. (See: holy, holiness, unholy, sacred and sin, sinful, sinner, sinning)

Leviticus 10:1

Nadab and Abihu

Quote: נָדָ֨ב וַ⁠אֲבִיה֜וּא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

Nadab and Abihu are the names of Aaron’s sons. (See: How to Translate Names)

his censer

Quote: מַחְתָּת֗⁠וֹ (1)

A censer is a shallow metal container which priests used to carry hot coals or incense.

and they gave fire in them

Quote: וַ⁠יִּתְּנ֤וּ בָ⁠הֵן֙ אֵ֔שׁ (1)

Alternate translation: “and they put burning coals in it”

And they offered to the face of Yahweh strange fire that he did not command them

Quote: וַ⁠יַּקְרִ֜בוּ לִ⁠פְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֵ֣שׁ זָרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹ֦א צִוָּ֖ה אֹתָֽ⁠ם (1)

Alternate translation: “But Yahweh did not approve of their offering because it was not according to what he commanded them to offer”

to the face of Yahweh strange fire

Quote: לִ⁠פְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֵ֣שׁ זָרָ֔ה (1)

Alternate translation: “unapproved fire to Yahweh”

Leviticus 10:2

And fire went forth from before the face of Yahweh

Quote: וַ⁠תֵּ֥צֵא אֵ֛שׁ מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה (1)

Alternate translation: “So Yahweh sent out fire”

and it consumed them

Quote: וַ⁠תֹּ֣אכַל אוֹתָ֑⁠ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The fire completely burning the men up is spoken of as if the fire devoured or completely used them up. (See: Metaphor)

And they died to the face of Yahweh

Quote: וַ⁠יָּמֻ֖תוּ לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)

Alternate translation: “And they died in the presence of Yahweh”

Leviticus 10:3

This is what Yahweh spoke, saying, Among those who draw near to me, I will show myself to be holy. And on the faces of all the people, I will be honored

Quote: הוּא֩ אֲשֶׁר־ דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה׀ לֵ⁠אמֹר֙ בִּ⁠קְרֹבַ֣⁠י אֶקָּדֵ֔שׁ וְ⁠עַל־ פְּנֵ֥י כָל־ הָ⁠עָ֖ם אֶכָּבֵ֑ד (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes

This has a quotation within a quotation. You can state this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “This is what Yahweh was talking about when he said that he would reveal his holiness to those who come near him, and that he will be glorified on the faces of the people.” (See:Quotes within Quotes)

Among those who draw near to me, I will show myself to be holy

Quote: בִּ⁠קְרֹבַ֣⁠י אֶקָּדֵ֔שׁ (1)

The phrase those who come near me refers to the priests that serve Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will show those that come near to serve me that I am holy” or “Those who come near to serve me must treat me as holy”

And on the faces of all the people, I will be honored

Quote: וְ⁠עַל־ פְּנֵ֥י כָל־ הָ⁠עָ֖ם אֶכָּבֵ֑ד (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

This second part of Yahweh’s statement still concerns the priest, who are the ones who come near to Yahweh. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And they must glorify me before all the people” or “And they must honor me in the presence of all the people” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 10:4

Mishael … Elzaphan, the sons of Uzziel

Quote: מִֽישָׁאֵל֙ & אֶלְצָפָ֔ן & בְּנֵ֥י עֻזִּיאֵ֖ל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

Mishael, Elzaphan, and Uzziel are names of men. (See: How to Translate Names)

your brothers

Quote: אֶת־ אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֙ (1)

This does not mean they were literal brothers. Here brothers means relatives or cousins.

Leviticus 10:5

And they presented {themselves

Quote: וַֽ⁠יִּקְרְב֗וּ (1)

Alternate translation: “So Mishael and Elzaphan came near”

and they lifted them by their tunics

Quote: וַ⁠יִּשָּׂאֻ⁠ם֙ בְּ⁠כֻתֳּנֹתָ֔⁠ם (1)

They carried the bodies of Nadab and Abihu, which still had on the priestly tunics.

Leviticus 10:6

and to Eleazar and to Ithamar

Quote: וּ⁠לְ⁠אֶלְעָזָר֩ וּ⁠לְ⁠אִֽיתָמָ֨ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

Eleazar and Ithamar are the names of Aaron’s sons. (See: How to Translate Names)

Do not let your heads be loose and do not tear your clothes

Quote: רָֽאשֵׁי⁠כֶ֥ם אַל־ תִּפְרָ֣עוּ׀ וּ⁠בִגְדֵי⁠כֶ֤ם לֹֽא־ תִפְרֹ֨מוּ֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

Yahweh is telling Aaron and his sons not to show any outward signs of grief or mourning. (See: Symbolic Action)

all the congregation

Quote: כָּל־ הָ⁠עֵדָ֖ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche

Here, assembly means the whole congregation of Israel, not just a group of leaders. Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel” (See: Synecdoche)

all of the house of Israel

Quote: כָּל־ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, house represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel” (See: Metonymy)

shall weep {for} the burning that Yahweh has burned

Quote: יִבְכּוּ֙ אֶת־ הַ⁠שְּׂרֵפָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר שָׂרַ֥ף יְהוָֽה (1)

Alternate translation: “may mourn for those whom Yahweh killed with his fire”

Leviticus 10:9

a statute of eternity

Quote: חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם (1)

Here, It refers back to the command for the priests to not drink wine or strong drink when they enter the tent of meeting.

a statute of eternity throughout your generations

Quote: חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לְ⁠דֹרֹתֵי⁠כֶֽם (1)

See how you translated these words in Leviticus 3:17.

Leviticus 10:10

and to separate

Quote: וּֽ⁠לֲ⁠הַבְדִּ֔יל (1)

You can start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “You must do this so that you will be able to distinguish”

the holy and between the common

Quote: הַ⁠קֹּ֖דֶשׁ וּ⁠בֵ֣ין הַ⁠חֹ֑ל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj

The nominal adjectives the set apart and the common can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “what is holy and what is common” or “between what is dedicated to God and what is ordinary” (See: Nominal Adjectives)

the unclean and between the clean

Quote: הַ⁠טָּמֵ֖א וּ⁠בֵ֥ין הַ⁠טָּהֽוֹר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj

The nominal adjectives the unclean and the clean indicate groups of things. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “what is unclean and what is clean” or “what God will not accept and what he will accept” (See: Nominal Adjectives)

the unclean

Quote: הַ⁠טָּמֵ֖א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person or thing that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch is spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

the clean

Quote: הַ⁠טָּהֽוֹר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person or thing that Yahweh has stated is fit to touch is spoken of as if they were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 10:12

for it is a holy thing of the holy things

Quote: כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִֽוא (1)

Alternate translation: “for the grain offering is most holy”

Leviticus 10:13

because thus I have been commanded

Quote: כִּי־ כֵ֖ן צֻוֵּֽיתִי (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh commanded me” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 10:14

and the thigh

Quote: שׁ֣וֹק (1)

The thigh is the upper part of the leg above the knee.

in a clean place

Quote: בְּ⁠מָק֣וֹם טָה֔וֹר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A place that is fit to be used for God’s purposes is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

you and your sons and your daughters with you

Quote: אַתָּ֕ה וּ⁠בָנֶ֥י⁠ךָ וּ⁠בְנֹתֶ֖י⁠ךָ אִתָּ֑⁠ךְ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you

Here, you and your refer to Aaron. (See: Forms of You)

for they are given {as} your portion and the portion of your sons

Quote: כִּֽי־ חָקְ⁠ךָ֤ וְ⁠חָק־ בָּנֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ נִתְּנ֔וּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh has given them as the share of you and of your sons” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 10:15

and the breast of

Quote: וַ⁠חֲזֵ֣ה (1)

The breast is the front part of the animal’s body below the neck.

And it shall be for you and for your sons with you as an enduring portion

Quote: וְ⁠הָיָ֨ה לְ⁠ךָ֜ וּ⁠לְ⁠בָנֶ֤י⁠ךָ אִתְּ⁠ךָ֙ לְ⁠חָק־ עוֹלָ֔ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Translate this so it is understood that the portion belongs to Aaron and his sons. Alternate translation: “And this portion will always be for you and your sons” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 10:16

Eleazar … Ithamar

Quote: אֶלְעָזָ֤ר & אִֽיתָמָר֙ (1)

See how you translated Eleazar and Ithamar* in Leviticus 10:6.

Leviticus 10:17

Why have you not eaten the sin offering in the Holy Place, for it is a holy thing of holy things? And he gave it to you to bear the iniquity of the congregation, to make atonement for them to the face of Yahweh

Quote: מַדּ֗וּעַ לֹֽא־ אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־ הַֽ⁠חַטָּאת֙ בִּ⁠מְק֣וֹם הַ⁠קֹּ֔דֶשׁ כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִ֑וא וְ⁠אֹתָ֣⁠הּ׀ נָתַ֣ן לָ⁠כֶ֗ם לָ⁠שֵׂאת֙ אֶת־ עֲוֺ֣ן הָ⁠עֵדָ֔ה לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֖ם לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion

Moses uses a question to rebuke Eleazar and Ithamar. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have eaten the sin offering in the holy place, since it is the holiest holy thing, and it he has given to you to take away the iniquity of the assembly, to make atonement for them before the face of Yahweh.” (See: Rhetorical Question)

for it is a holy thing of holy things

Quote: כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִ֑וא (1)

Alternate translation: “since the sin offering is most the most holy thing”

to bear the iniquity of the congregation

Quote: לָ⁠שֵׂאת֙ אֶת־ עֲוֺ֣ן הָ⁠עֵדָ֔ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Causing Yahweh to forgive the people of Israel is spoken of as if their iniquity were an object that Yahweh takes from the people. (See: Metaphor)

to the face of Yahweh

Quote: לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)

Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh”

Leviticus 10:18

its blood was not brought

Quote: לֹא־ הוּבָ֣א אֶת־ דָּמָ֔⁠הּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you did not bring its blood” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 10:19

and it has happened to me according to these things

Quote: וַ⁠תִּקְרֶ֥אנָה אֹתִ֖⁠י כָּ⁠אֵ֑לֶּה (1)

Aaron is referring to the death of his two sons.

But {if} I ate the sin offering today, would it have been good in the eyes of Yahweh

Quote: וְ⁠אָכַ֤לְתִּי חַטָּאת֙ הַ⁠יּ֔וֹם הַ⁠יִּיטַ֖ב בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion

These sacrifices were to be eaten with joy and happiness. Aaron uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh would not be pleased for him to eat the sacrifices since he is sad because of his sons’ deaths. This question may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly, Yahweh would not have been pleased if I had eaten the sin offering today.” (See: Rhetorical Question)

Leviticus 11

Leviticus 11 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Laws about food

This chapter contains a list of the animals the Israelites were not allowed to eat. Further research may be needed to determine the exact location of different parts of an animal. Many of these foods are not consumed to this day because they cause diseases, but it is unclear why the other foods are prohibited.

Eating unclean foods made a person unclean. The process of consuming these types of foods spread the uncleanliness to a person. (See: clean, wash)

Leviticus 11:2

from all the beasts

Quote: מִ⁠כָּל־ הַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֖ה (1)

Alternate translation: “from any of the animals”

Leviticus 11:3

dividing a hoof

Quote: מַפְרֶ֣סֶת פַּרְסָ֗ה (1)

This means the hoof is split into two parts instead of being one whole.

making the cud go up

Quote: מַעֲלַ֥ת גֵּרָ֖ה (1)

This means an animal that brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again.

Leviticus 11:4

from the ones that are making the cud go up or from the ones that are dividing a hoof

Quote: מִֽ⁠מַּעֲלֵי֙ הַ⁠גֵּרָ֔ה וּ⁠מִ⁠מַּפְרִיסֵ֖י הַ⁠פַּרְסָ֑ה (1)

That is, they match one condition or the other, but not both.

the camel, … It {is} unclean to you

Quote: אֶֽת־ הַ֠⁠גָּמָל & טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָ⁠כֶֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The camel being unfit for the people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 11:5

And the rock badger

Quote: הַ⁠שָּׁפָ֗ן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

A rock badger is a small animal that lives in rocky places. (See: Translate Unknowns)

it {is} unclean to you

Quote: טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָ⁠כֶֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The rock badger, which God declared to be unfit for the people to eat, is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 11:6

And the rabbit

Quote: הָ⁠אַרְנֶ֗בֶת (1)

A rabbit is a small animal with long ears that eats plants and usually lives in holes in the ground.

Leviticus 11:8

and you shall not touch their carcasses

Quote: וּ⁠בְ⁠נִבְלָתָ֖⁠ם לֹ֣א תִגָּ֑עוּ (1)

Alternate translation: “and you must not touch their dead bodies”

Leviticus 11:9

fins

Quote: סְנַפִּ֨יר (1)

The fins are the thin, flat parts that the fish uses to move through the water.

and scales

Quote: וְ⁠קַשְׂקֶ֜שֶׂת (1)

The scales are the small, bony plates that cover the body of the fish.

Leviticus 11:13

and the vulture

Quote: הַ⁠פֶּ֔רֶס (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

A vulture is a bird that feeds on dead animals and on rodents and dead animals. (See: Translate Unknowns)

Leviticus 11:14

and the kite and the falcon

Quote: הַ֨⁠דָּאָ֔ה & הָ⁠אַיָּ֖ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

A kite and falcon are birds that are either awake at night or feed on rodents and dead animals. (See: Translate Unknowns)

Leviticus 11:15

raven

Quote: עֹרֵ֖ב (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

A raven is a bird that feeds on rodents and dead animals. (See: Translate Unknowns)

Leviticus 11:16

clamor and the owl and the gull and the hawk

Quote: הַֽ⁠יַּעֲנָ֔ה & הַ⁠תַּחְמָ֖ס & הַ⁠שָּׁ֑חַף & הַ⁠נֵּ֖ץ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

These are birds that feed on rodents and dead animals. (See: Translate Unknowns)

Leviticus 11:17

and the little owl and the cormorant and the big owl

Quote: הַ⁠כּ֥וֹס & הַ⁠שָּׁלָ֖ךְ & הַ⁠יַּנְשֽׁוּף (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

These are birds that eat rodents and insects. (See: Translate Unknowns)

Leviticus 11:18

the waterhen and the pelican and the ibis

Quote: הַ⁠תִּנְשֶׁ֥מֶת & הַ⁠קָּאָ֖ת & הָ⁠רָחָֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

These are birds that eat fish, rodents, and insects and are awake mainly at night. (See: Translate Unknowns)

Leviticus 11:19

and the stork, the heron

Quote: הַ⁠חֲסִידָ֔ה & הָ⁠אֲנָפָ֖ה (1)

The stork and heron are birds that feed on rodents and lizards.

and the hoopoe

Quote: הַ⁠דּוּכִיפַ֖ת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

The hoopoe is a bird that eats rodents and insects and is awake mainly at night. (See: Translate Unknowns)

and the bat

Quote: הָ⁠עֲטַלֵּֽף (1)

Although not a bird, the bat is included in this list because it has wings and flies. It has a furry body and is awake mainly at night. It eats insects and rodents.

Leviticus 11:20

it {is} a detestable thing to you

Quote: שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָ⁠כֶֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word detestable, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will hate it” (See: Abstract Nouns)

Every swarming thing of the wing, the one walking on four

Quote: כֹּ֚ל שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָ⁠ע֔וֹף הַ⁠הֹלֵ֖ךְ עַל־ אַרְבַּ֑ע (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

Here the phrase all fours is an idiom that means to crawl on the ground on four legs. This sets these insects apart from other flying things, such as birds, that have only two feet. Alternate translation: “Every four-legged flying insect that crawls on the ground” (See: Idiom)

Leviticus 11:22

the locust … and the bald locust … and the cricket … and the grasshopper

Quote: אֶת־ הָֽ⁠אַרְבֶּ֣ה & הַ⁠סָּלְעָ֖ם & הַ⁠חַרְגֹּ֣ל & הֶ⁠חָגָ֖ב (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

These are small insects that eat plants and can jump. (See: Translate Unknowns)

Leviticus 11:24

And by these

Quote: וּ⁠לְ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה (1)

Here, these refers to the animals he is about to list in the following verses.

you will make yourselves unclean

Quote: תִּטַּמָּ֑אוּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he has touched one of these dead animals is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 11:26

To any livestock … they {are} unclean

Quote: לְֽ⁠כָל־ הַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֡ה & טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

These animals that God declared to be unfit for the people to eat are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

but it is not splitting the cleft

Quote: וְ⁠שֶׁ֣סַע׀ אֵינֶ֣⁠נָּה שֹׁסַ֗עַת (1)

This refers to a hoof that is completely split into two parts instead of being one whole. See how you translated these in Leviticus 11:3.

and it is not making the cud go up

Quote: וְ⁠גֵרָה֙ אֵינֶ֣⁠נָּה מַעֲלָ֔ה (1)

An animal chews the cud if it brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again. See how you translated these in Leviticus 11:3.

Anyone who touches them will become unclean

Quote: כָּל־ הַ⁠נֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּ⁠הֶ֖ם יִטְמָֽא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he has touched one of these animals is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 11:27

its palms

Quote: כַּפָּ֗י⁠ו (1)

The paws of an animal refer to feet with claws.

until the evening

Quote: עַד־ הָ⁠עָֽרֶב (1)

Alternate translation: “until sunset”

Leviticus 11:29

And these {are} unclean to you

Quote: וְ⁠זֶ֤ה לָ⁠כֶם֙ הַ⁠טָּמֵ֔א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

God speaks of the animals that he declares are unfit for people to touch or eat as if they were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

the rat

Quote: הַ⁠חֹ֥לֶד (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

A weasel is a small animal with brown fur that eats birds and small animals. (See: Translate Unknowns)

and the large lizard of its kind

Quote: וְ⁠הַ⁠צָּ֥ב לְ⁠מִינֵֽ⁠הוּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

This refers to different kinds of reptiles with four legs. (See: Translate Unknowns)

Leviticus 11:30

and the gecko and the monitor lizard and the lizard and the skink and the chameleon

Quote: וְ⁠הָ⁠אֲנָקָ֥ה וְ⁠הַ⁠כֹּ֖חַ וְ⁠הַ⁠לְּטָאָ֑ה וְ⁠הַ⁠חֹ֖מֶט וְ⁠הַ⁠תִּנְשָֽׁמֶת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

These are different kinds of reptiles with four legs. (See: Translate Unknowns)

and the skink

Quote: וְ⁠הַ⁠חֹ֖מֶט (1)

Alternate translation: “the sand lizard”

Leviticus 11:31

These {are} unclean to you

Quote: אֵ֛לֶּה הַ⁠טְּמֵאִ֥ים לָ⁠כֶ֖ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

These animals that God declared to be unfit for people to touch or eat are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Anyone who touches them when they are dead will become unclean

Quote: כָּל־ הַ⁠נֹּגֵ֧עַ בָּ⁠הֶ֛ם בְּ⁠מֹתָ֖⁠ם יִטְמָ֥א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he has touched one of these dead animals is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

until the evening

Quote: עַד־ הָ⁠עָֽרֶב (1)

Alternate translation: “until sunset”

Leviticus 11:32

And anything on which {one} from them falls when they are dead will become unclean

Quote: וְ⁠כֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־ יִפֹּל־ עָלָי⁠ו֩ מֵ⁠הֶ֨ם׀ בְּ⁠מֹתָ֜⁠ם יִטְמָ֗א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch because one of these dead animals has fallen on it is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

shall be brought into the water

Quote: בַּ⁠מַּ֧יִם יוּבָ֛א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must put it into water” (See: Active or Passive)

Then it will be clean

Quote: וְ⁠טָהֵֽר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Something that God has declared to be fit for people to touch after it has been washed is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 11:34

will become unclean. … will become unclean

Quote: יִטְמָ֑א & יִטְמָֽא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Food becomes unacceptable for the people to eat because unclean water has fallen on it is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 11:35

one} of their carcasses

Quote: מִ⁠נִּבְלָתָ֥⁠ם (1)

Alternate translation: “a part of one of their dead bodies”

shall be smashed

Quote: יֻתָּ֖ץ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must break to pieces” or “you must shatter” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 11:36

a spring or a cistern, … shall be clean

Quote: מַעְיָ֥ן וּ⁠ב֛וֹר & יִהְיֶ֣ה טָה֑וֹר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Water that the people are permitted to drink from a spring or cistern is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

their carcass

Quote: בְּ⁠נִבְלָתָ֖⁠ם (1)

Alternate translation: “their dead bodies”

will become unclean

Quote: יִטְמָֽא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he has touched the carcass of one of these animals is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 11:37

any seed, a sown seed

Quote: כָּל־ זֶ֥רַע זֵר֖וּעַ (1)

Alternate translation: “any seeds that you intend to plant”

it {is} clean

Quote: טָה֖וֹר הֽוּא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Seeds that God has permitted the people to plant are spoken of as if they are physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 11:38

But when water is put on seed

Quote: וְ⁠כִ֤י יֻתַּן־ מַ֨יִם֙ עַל־ זֶ֔רַע (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But if you put water on the seeds” (See: Active or Passive)

it {is} unclean to you

Quote: טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָ⁠כֶֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Seeds that God has not permitted to plant are spoken of as if they were unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 11:39

the one touching its carcass will become unclean

Quote: הַ⁠נֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּ⁠נִבְלָתָ֖⁠הּ יִטְמָ֥א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he touches the body of a dead animal is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

until the evening

Quote: עַד־ הָ⁠עָֽרֶב (1)

Alternate translation: “until sunset”

Leviticus 11:41

it {is} a detestable thing. It shall not be eaten

Quote: שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵֽל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it is detestable and you must not eat it” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 11:43

You shall not make your lives detestable … And you shall not make yourselves unclean

Quote: אַל־ תְּשַׁקְּצוּ֙ אֶת־ נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵי⁠כֶ֔ם & וְ⁠לֹ֤א תִֽטַּמְּאוּ֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism

Yahweh repeats the same idea twice in order to strengthen the command that they are not to eat any unclean animal. (See: Parallelism)

And you shall not make yourselves unclean

Quote: וְ⁠לֹ֤א תִֽטַּמְּאוּ֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 11:47

between the unclean and between the clean

Quote: בֵּ֥ין הַ⁠טָּמֵ֖א וּ⁠בֵ֣ין הַ⁠טָּהֹ֑ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Animals that God declared to be unfit for the people to touch or eat are spoken of as if they were physically unclean, and those which he declared to be acceptable for the people to touch and eat are spoken of as if they were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

the one being eaten, … that shall not be eaten

Quote: הַֽ⁠נֶּאֱכֶ֔לֶת & אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א תֵאָכֵֽל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you may eat … that you may not eat” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 12

Leviticus 12 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Menstruation

A woman was considered to be unclean after she began to bleed from her womb every month and after having a baby. This was because all blood was considered to be unclean. (See: clean, wash and INVALID bible/kt/blood)

Leviticus 12:2

A woman, if she produces seed and bears a male, then she shall be unclean

Quote: אִשָּׁה֙ כִּ֣י תַזְרִ֔יעַ וְ⁠יָלְדָ֖ה זָכָ֑ר וְ⁠טָֽמְאָה֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A woman whom other people must not touch because she is bleeding from her womb is spoken of as if she were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Like the days of the menstruation of her menstruating

Quote: כִּ⁠ימֵ֛י נִדַּ֥ת דְּוֺתָ֖⁠הּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. (See: Euphemism)

Leviticus 12:3

the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised

Quote: יִמּ֖וֹל בְּשַׂ֥ר עָרְלָתֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Only the priest could perform this action. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a priest must circumcise the baby boy” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 12:4

And thirty days and three days she shall stay in the blood of her purification

Quote: וּ⁠שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים יוֹם֙ וּ⁠שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים תֵּשֵׁ֖ב בִּ⁠דְמֵ֣י טָהֳרָ֑ה (1)

This means that the mother will remain impure for 33 days.

Leviticus 12:5

then she will be unclean {for} two sets of seven {days

Quote: וְ⁠טָמְאָ֥ה שְׁבֻעַ֖יִם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A woman whom other people must not touch because she is bleeding from her womb is spoken of as if she were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

like her menstruation

Quote: כְּ⁠נִדָּתָ֑⁠הּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. See how you translated this in Leviticus 12:2. (See: Euphemism)

Leviticus 12:6

And when the days of her purification are full

Quote: וּ⁠בִ⁠מְלֹ֣את׀ יְמֵ֣י טָהֳרָ֗⁠הּ (1)

Alternate translation: “And when the days of the mother’s purification are finished”

for a son or for a daughter

Quote: לְ⁠בֵן֮ א֣וֹ לְ⁠בַת֒ (1)

This refers to the different number of days for purification based on if she gave birth to a son or a daughter.

Leviticus 12:7

And she will be purified from the flow of her blood

Quote: וְ⁠טָהֲרָ֖ה מִ⁠מְּקֹ֣ר דָּמֶ֑י⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And this will cleanse her from her bleeding occurring during childbirth” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 12:8

And if her hand does not find enough {for} a sheep

Quote: וְ⁠אִם־ לֹ֨א תִמְצָ֣א יָדָ⁠הּ֮ דֵּ֣י שֶׂה֒ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Translate this so it clarifies the woman’s inability to purchase a sacrificial animal. Alternate translation: “If she does not have enough money to buy a lamb” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

and she will be pure

Quote: וְ⁠טָהֵֽרָה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A woman whom other people may touch is spoken of as if she were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13

Leviticus 13 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Skin disease

This chapter addresses the ways a priest was to decide if a person had a skin disease, which would make a person unclean. This was important because these diseases could have easily spread among the people in the ancient Near East. This is also true concerning things growing on clothing or things that touch a person’s skin. (See: priest, priesthood and clean, wash)

Leviticus 13:2

then he shall be brought

Quote: וְ⁠הוּבָא֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then someone must bring him” or “then he must go” (See: Active or Passive)

one from his sons

Quote: אַחַ֥ד מִ⁠בָּנָ֖י⁠ו (1)

Alternate translation: “one of Aaron’s sons”

Leviticus 13:3

than the skin of his flesh

Quote: מֵ⁠ע֣וֹר בְּשָׂר֔⁠וֹ (1)

Here, his refers to the person with the skin disease.

and he shall pronounce him unclean

Quote: וְ⁠טִמֵּ֥א אֹתֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “must pronounce the man unclean” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:5

And the priest shall see it

Quote: וְ⁠רָאָ֣⁠הוּ הַ⁠כֹּהֵן֮ (1)

Here, him refers to the person with the skin disease.

on the seventh day

Quote: בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִי֒ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal

The word seventh is the ordinal form of “seven.” Alternate translation: “on day seven” (See: Ordinal Numbers)

and behold, the infection stands in his eyes; the infection has not spread on the skin

Quote: וְ⁠הִנֵּ֤ה הַ⁠נֶּ֨גַע֙ עָמַ֣ד בְּ⁠עֵינָ֔י⁠ו לֹֽא־ פָשָׂ֥ה הַ⁠נֶּ֖גַע בָּ⁠ע֑וֹר (1)

This means if the skin disease has not increased in size or moved to other parts of the body.

Leviticus 13:6

Then the priest shall pronounce him clean. … and he will be clean

Quote: וְ⁠טִהֲר֤⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵן֙ & וְ⁠טָהֵֽר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

is} a scab

Quote: מִסְפַּ֣חַת (1)

A rash is an area of the skin that is irritated.

Leviticus 13:8

Then the priest shall pronounce him unclean

Quote: וְ⁠טִמְּא֥⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

is} a skin disease

Quote: צָרַ֥עַת (1)

See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:3.

Leviticus 13:9

then he shall be brought to the priest

Quote: וְ⁠הוּבָ֖א אֶל־ הַ⁠כֹּהֵֽן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

The priest would determine if a disease was spreading. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then someone must bring him to the priest” or “then he must go to the priest” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 13:10

and a preservation of living flesh

Quote: וּ⁠מִֽחְיַ֛ת בָּשָׂ֥ר חַ֖י (1)

Here, new raw flesh could refer to open sores on the skin or it could refer to new skin that has grown, but the area around it is still diseased. Either one indicates that the skin disease is not healing properly.

Leviticus 13:11

is} a reoccurring skin disease

Quote: צָרַ֨עַת נוֹשֶׁ֤נֶת (1)

A chronic disease is one that continues or reoccurs over a long period of time.

and the priest shall pronounce him unclean. … because he {is} unclean

Quote: וְ⁠טִמְּא֖⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֑ן & כִּ֥י טָמֵ֖א הֽוּא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:13

Then he shall pronounce the infection clean. … he {is} clean

Quote: וְ⁠טִהַ֖ר אֶת־ הַ⁠נָּ֑גַע & טָה֥וֹר הֽוּא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean and the man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:14

he will be unclean

Quote: יִטְמָֽא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:15

and he shall pronounce him unclean. … it {is} unclean

Quote: וְ⁠טִמְּא֑⁠וֹ & טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

and he shall pronounce him unclean

Quote: וְ⁠טִמְּא֑⁠וֹ (1)

Here, him refers to the person with the skin disease.

The living flesh

Quote: הַ⁠בָּשָׂ֥ר הַ⁠חַ֛י (1)

See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:10.

is} a skin disease

Quote: צָרַ֥עַת (1)

See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:3.

Leviticus 13:17

Then the priest shall pronounce the infection clean

Quote: וְ⁠טִהַ֧ר הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־ הַ⁠נֶּ֖גַע (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:18

a boil

Quote: שְׁחִ֑ין (1)

A boil is a painful, swollen area on the skin that is infected.

Leviticus 13:19

then he shall show himself to the priest

Quote: וְ⁠נִרְאָ֖ה אֶל־ הַ⁠כֹּהֵֽן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then he must show it to the priest” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 13:20

Then the priest shall pronounce him unclean

Quote: וְ⁠טִמְּא֧⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:21

sees it

Quote: יִרְאֶ֣⁠נָּה (1)

Here, it refers to the white swelling or bright spot on the skin.

Leviticus 13:22

then the priest shall pronounce him unclean

Quote: וְ⁠טִמֵּ֧א הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן אֹת֖⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:23

And the priest shall pronounce him clean

Quote: וְ⁠טִהֲר֖⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵֽן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:25

it {is} a skin disease. … skin disease

Quote: צָרַ֣עַת הִ֔וא & צָרַ֖עַת (1)

See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:3.

And the priest shall pronounce him unclean

Quote: וְ⁠טִמֵּ֤א אֹת⁠וֹ֙ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֔ן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:26

sees it

Quote: יִרְאֶ֣⁠נָּה (1)

Here, it refers to the burn on the person’s skin.

Leviticus 13:27

then the priest shall pronounce him unclean

Quote: וְ⁠טִמֵּ֤א הַ⁠כֹּהֵן֙ אֹת֔⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

skin disease

Quote: צָרַ֖עַת (1)

See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:3.

Leviticus 13:28

And the priest shall pronounce him clean

Quote: וְ⁠טִֽהֲר⁠וֹ֙ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֔ן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:30

Then the priest shall pronounce him unclean

Quote: וְ⁠טִמֵּ֨א אֹת֤⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵן֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:33

but the scall shall not be shaved

Quote: הַ⁠נֶּ֖תֶק לֹ֣א יְגַלֵּ֑חַ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but he must not shave the hair on the sore” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 13:34

Then the priest shall pronounce him clean. … and he will be clean

Quote: וְ⁠טִהַ֤ר אֹת⁠וֹ֙ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֔ן & וְ⁠טָהֵֽר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:35

after his cleansing

Quote: אַחֲרֵ֖י טָהֳרָתֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:36

he {is} unclean

Quote: טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:37

He {is} clean, and the priest shall pronounce him clean

Quote: טָה֣וֹר ה֑וּא וְ⁠טִהֲר֖⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵֽן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:39

are} dull white

Quote: כֵּה֣וֹת לְבָנֹ֑ת (1)

Alternate translation: “are a faded white”

is} a rash

Quote: בֹּ֥הַק (1)

See how you translated rash in Leviticus 13:6.

He {is} clean

Quote: טָה֥וֹר הֽוּא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations

Here, He refers to both men and women in general. Alternate translation: “That person is clean” (See: When Masculine Words Include Women)

He {is} clean

Quote: טָה֥וֹר הֽוּא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:40

He {is} clean

Quote: טָה֥וֹר הֽוּא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:42

is} a skin disease

Quote: צָרַ֤עַת (1)

See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:3.

Leviticus 13:44

he {is} unclean. Being unclean, the priest shall pronounce him unclean

Quote: טָמֵ֣א ה֑וּא טַמֵּ֧א יְטַמְּאֶ֛⁠נּוּ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The person whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:45

and ‘Unclean, unclean

Quote: וְ⁠טָמֵ֥א׀ טָמֵ֖א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The person whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:46

shall be} outside the camp

Quote: מִ⁠ח֥וּץ לַֽ⁠מַּחֲנֶ֖ה (1)

The camp is the area where the majority of Israelites lived. The unclean person was not permitted to live among them because his disease may spread to others.

Leviticus 13:47

But the clothing, when it has on it the infection of disease

Quote: וְ⁠הַ⁠בֶּ֕גֶד כִּֽי־ יִהְיֶ֥ה ב֖⁠וֹ נֶ֣גַע צָרָ֑עַת (1)

Alternate translation: “A garment that has and infection of skin disease in it” or “A garment that is diseased with an infection”

Leviticus 13:48

on any work of leather

Quote: בְּ⁠כָל־ מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֽוֹר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in anything that someone has made from leather” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 13:49

and the infection is yellowish-green or reddish on the clothing

Quote: וְ⁠הָיָ֨ה הַ⁠נֶּ֜גַע יְרַקְרַ֣ק׀ א֣וֹ אֲדַמְדָּ֗ם בַּ⁠בֶּגֶד֩ (1)

Alternate translation: “if there is greenish or reddish infection in the garment”

And the priest shall be made to see {it

Quote: וְ⁠הָרְאָ֖ה אֶת־ הַ⁠כֹּהֵֽן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And he owner must show it to a priest” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 13:51

on the seventh day

Quote: בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֗י (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal

The word **seventh” is the ordinal number for “seven.” Alternate translation: “on day seven” (See: Ordinal Numbers)

of any equipment into which the leather was made

Quote: לְ⁠כֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־ יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה הָ⁠ע֖וֹר לִ⁠מְלָאכָ֑ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “anything in which a person uses leather” (See: Active or Passive)

It {is} unclean

Quote: טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:52

It shall be burned with fire

Quote: בָּ⁠אֵ֖שׁ תִּשָּׂרֵֽף (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He must burn the item in the fire” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 13:54

then the priest shall command

Quote: וְ⁠צִוָּה֙ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֔ן (1)

Here the priest is telling the people what to do with household items that were possibly infected. Alternate translation: “then the priest will command the owners”

Leviticus 13:55

after … has been washed

Quote: אַחֲרֵ֣י׀ הֻכַּבֵּ֣ס (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after they have washed” (See: Active or Passive)

It {is} unclean

Quote: טָמֵ֣א ה֔וּא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

You shall burn it

Quote: תִּשְׂרְפֶ֑⁠נּוּ (1)

Here, you does not refer to the priest specifically. It just means someone must burn the object.

Leviticus 13:56

after it was washed

Quote: אַחֲרֵ֖י הֻכַּבֵּ֣ס אֹת֑⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after the owner washed it” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 13:57

You shall burn it

Quote: תִּשְׂרְפֶ֔⁠נּוּ (1)

Here, you does not refer to the priest specifically. It just means someone must burn the item.

Leviticus 13:58

and the infection turned aside from them

Quote: וְ⁠סָ֥ר מֵ⁠הֶ֖ם הַ⁠נָּ֑גַע (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the item is no longer infected” (See: Active or Passive)

it shall be washed

Quote: וְ⁠כֻבַּ֥ס (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the owner must wash it” (See: Active or Passive)

and it will be clean

Quote: וְ⁠טָהֵֽר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Something that God has declared to be fit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 13:59

disease of clothing of … any article of leather

Quote: צָרַ֜עַת בֶּ֥גֶד & כָּל־ כְּלִי־ ע֑וֹר (1)

See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:47-48.

to pronounce it clean or to pronounce it unclean

Quote: לְ⁠טַהֲר֖⁠וֹ א֥וֹ לְ⁠טַמְּאֽ⁠וֹ (1)

Alternate translation: “so that a priest may declare that it is clean or that it is unclean”

to pronounce it clean or to pronounce it unclean

Quote: לְ⁠טַהֲר֖⁠וֹ א֥וֹ לְ⁠טַמְּאֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Something that God has declared to be fit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically clean and something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 14

Leviticus 14 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.

Special concepts in this chapter

Skin disease and mildew

This chapter addresses the ways a priest was to decide if a person had a skin disease, which would make a person unclean. This was important because these diseases could have easily spread among the people in the ancient Near East. This was also true for the things which could have touched a person’s skin. This chapter explains how the priest was to treat the person suffering with a skin disease. (See: priest, priesthood and clean, wash)

Leviticus 14:1

[GL Quote Not Found!]

Quote: General Information: (0)

General Information:

Yahweh tells Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease.

Leviticus 14:2

on the day of his cleansing

Quote: בְּ⁠י֖וֹם טָהֳרָת֑⁠וֹ (1)

This refers to the day on which the priest declares the person to be ritually clean.

And he shall be brought to the priest

Quote: וְ⁠הוּבָ֖א אֶל־ הַ⁠כֹּהֵֽן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And someone must bring him to the priest” or “And he must go to the priest” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 14:3

the infection of the skin disease

Quote: נֶֽגַע־ הַ⁠צָּרַ֖עַת (1)

See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:3.

Leviticus 14:4

for the person who is being cleansed

Quote: לַ⁠מִּטַּהֵ֛ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for the person he is cleansing” (See: Active or Passive)

two live, clean birds

Quote: שְׁתֵּֽי־ צִפֳּרִ֥ים חַיּ֖וֹת טְהֹר֑וֹת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The birds that God allowed the people to eat and offer as sacrifices are spoken of as if they were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

and scarlet of worm

Quote: וּ⁠שְׁנִ֥י תוֹלַ֖עַת (1)

Alternate translation: “and red yarn”

and hyssop

Quote: וְ⁠אֵזֹֽב (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

The word hyssop refer to a herb with a pleasant smell that was used for medicine. (See: Translate Unknowns)

Leviticus 14:6

the bird, the slaughtered one

Quote: הַ⁠צִּפֹּ֣ר הַ⁠שְּׁחֻטָ֔ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the bird that the person killed” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 14:7

the person who is being cleansed

Quote: הַ⁠מִּטַּהֵ֛ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person he is cleansing” (See: Active or Passive)

and he shall pronounce him clean

Quote: וְ⁠טִ֣הֲר֔⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The person whom other people may touch and who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 14:8

the person who is being cleansed

Quote: הַ⁠מִּטַּהֵ֨ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person whom the priest is cleansing” (See: Active or Passive)

and he will be clean

Quote: וְ⁠טָהֵ֔ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 14:10

he shall take

Quote: יִקַּ֤ח (1)

Here, he refers to the man who was cleansed.

and three tenth parts of

Quote: וּ⁠שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗ים (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume

One ephah is 22 liters. (See: Biblical Volume)

and one log of oil

Quote: וְ⁠לֹ֥ג אֶחָ֖ד שָֽׁמֶן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume

One log was 0.3 liters. (See: Biblical Volume)

Leviticus 14:11

the man, the one being cleansed

Quote: אֵ֛ת הָ⁠אִ֥ישׁ הַ⁠מִּטַּהֵ֖ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 14:12

and the log of oil

Quote: לֹ֣ג הַ⁠שָּׁ֑מֶן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume

One log was 0.3 liters. (See: Biblical Volume)

Leviticus 14:13

in the Holy Place

Quote: בִּ⁠מְק֣וֹם הַ⁠קֹּ֑דֶשׁ (1)

Here, in the holy place clarifies the previous phrase and further defines where the priest was to kill the lamb.

Leviticus 14:14

the person who is being cleansed

Quote: הַ⁠מִּטַּהֵ֖ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 14:15

some of the measure of oil

Quote: מִ⁠לֹּ֣ג הַ⁠שָּׁ֑מֶן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume

One log was 0.3 liters. (See: Biblical Volume)

Leviticus 14:16

and he shall sprinkle some of the oil … to the face of Yahweh

Quote: וְ⁠הִזָּ֨ה מִן־ הַ⁠שֶּׁ֧מֶן & לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)

There is no indication of what the priest sprinkled the oil on. Alternate translation: “sprinkle some of the oil … in Yahweh’s presence”

Leviticus 14:17

the person being cleansed

Quote: הַ⁠מִּטַּהֵר֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 14:18

to the face of Yahweh

Quote: לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)

Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s presence”

Leviticus 14:19

the person being cleansed

Quote: הַ⁠מִּטַּהֵ֖ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 14:20

and he will be clean

Quote: וְ⁠טָהֵֽר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 14:21

and his hand is not reaching

Quote: וְ⁠אֵ֣ין יָד⁠וֹ֮ מַשֶּׂגֶת֒ (1)

Alternate translation: “he does not have enough money to buy”

to raise, to make atonement for him

Quote: לִ⁠תְנוּפָ֖ה לְ⁠כַפֵּ֣ר עָלָ֑י⁠ו (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the priest will wave to make atonement for him” (See: Active or Passive)

and one tenth of flour

Quote: וְ⁠עִשָּׂר֨וֹן סֹ֜לֶת אֶחָ֨ד (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume

One-tenth of an ephah is 22 liters. (See: Biblical Volume)

and a log of oil

Quote: וְ⁠לֹ֥ג שָֽׁמֶן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume

One log was 0.3 liters. (See: Biblical Volume)

Leviticus 14:24

and the log of oil

Quote: לֹ֣ג הַ⁠שָּׁ֑מֶן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume

One log was 0.3 liters. (See: Biblical Volume)

Leviticus 14:25

the person being cleansed

Quote: הַ⁠מִּטַּהֵ֖ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one he is cleansing” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 14:27

And the priest shall sprinkle … some of the oil … to the face of Yahweh

Quote: וְ⁠הִזָּ֤ה הַ⁠כֹּהֵן֙ & מִן־ הַ⁠שֶּׁ֕מֶן & לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)

There is no indication of what the priest sprinkled the oil on. Alternate translation: “And the priest will sprinkle … some of the oil … in Yahweh’s presence”

Leviticus 14:28

the person being cleansed

Quote: הַ⁠מִּטַּהֵר֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 14:30

And he shall make

Quote: וְ⁠עָשָׂ֤ה (1)

Alternate translation: “And the priest must offer”

Leviticus 14:31

the person being cleansed

Quote: הַ⁠מִּטַּהֵ֖ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 14:32

an infection of skin disease

Quote: נֶ֣גַע צָרָ֑עַת (1)

See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:3.

whose hand does not reach

Quote: אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־ תַשִּׂ֥יג יָד֖⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Translate this so it is clear that the person does not have enough money to purchase a standard offering. Alternate translation: “who does not have enough money to buy” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 14:34

When you enter

Quote: כִּ֤י תָבֹ֨אוּ֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you

Here, you refers to the people of Israel. (See: Forms of You)

an infection of a disease

Quote: נֶ֣גַע צָרַ֔עַת (1)

See how you translated this phrase in Leviticus 13:47.

the land of your possession

Quote: אֶ֥רֶץ אֲחֻזַּתְ⁠כֶֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word possession, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “in the land that you possess” (See: Abstract Nouns)

Leviticus 14:36

and everything that {is} in the house will not be pronounced unclean

Quote: וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִטְמָ֖א כָּל־ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּ⁠בָּ֑יִת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Once the priest declared the house to be unclean, everything in the house became unclean, as well. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that he does not need to declare anything left in the house to be unclean” (See: Active or Passive)

and everything that {is} in the house will not be pronounced unclean

Quote: וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִטְמָ֖א כָּל־ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּ⁠בָּ֑יִת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The house that Yahweh has stated is unfit for people to touch or live in is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 14:37

and their appearance {is} deeper than the wall

Quote: וּ⁠מַרְאֵי⁠הֶ֥ן שָׁפָ֖ל מִן־ הַ⁠קִּֽיר (1)

This means the priest is to determine whether mildew has gone deeper that just the surface of the wall.

Leviticus 14:40

an unclean place

Quote: מָק֖וֹם טָמֵֽא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A place that is unfit for people to occupy or to be used for God’s purposes is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 14:41

And he shall have the house scraped

Quote: וְ⁠אֶת־ הַ⁠בַּ֛יִת יַקְצִ֥עַ (1)

Here, he refers to the priest.

And he shall have the house scraped, inside the house all around

Quote: וְ⁠אֶת־ הַ⁠בַּ֛יִת יַקְצִ֥עַ מִ⁠בַּ֖יִת סָבִ֑יב (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And he will tell the owner of the house to scrape it and all its walls” (See: Active or Passive)

an unclean place

Quote: מָק֖וֹם טָמֵֽא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A place that is unfit for people to occupy or to be used for God’s purposes is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 14:42

and he shall take other {mortar} and he shall plaster the house

Quote: וְ⁠עָפָ֥ר אַחֵ֛ר יִקַּ֖ח וְ⁠טָ֥ח אֶת־ הַ⁠בָּֽיִת (1)

Alternate translation: “and they must cover the stones with new clay”

Leviticus 14:43

after the pulling out of the stones and after the scraping off of the house and after the plastering

Quote: אַחַ֖ר חִלֵּ֣ץ אֶת־ הָ⁠אֲבָנִ֑ים וְ⁠אַחֲרֵ֛י הִקְצ֥וֹת אֶת־ הַ⁠בַּ֖יִת וְ⁠אַחֲרֵ֥י הִטּֽוֹחַ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 14:44

It {is} unclean

Quote: טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A house that is unfit for people to occupy is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 14:45

Then he shall tear down the house

Quote: וְ⁠נָתַ֣ץ אֶת־ הַ⁠בַּ֗יִת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And they must tear the house down” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 14:46

And the person entering into the house … will be unclean

Quote: וְ⁠הַ⁠בָּא֙ אֶל־ הַ⁠בַּ֔יִת & יִטְמָ֖א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person whom other people may not touch and who is not acceptable for God’s purposes because he has entered the house is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

until the evening

Quote: עַד־ הָ⁠עָֽרֶב (1)

Alternate translation: “until sunset”

Leviticus 14:48

the plastering of the house

Quote: הִטֹּ֣חַ אֶת־ הַ⁠בָּ֑יִת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the owner put new clay on the stones” (See: Active or Passive)

then the priest shall pronounce the house clean

Quote: וְ⁠טִהַ֤ר הַ⁠כֹּהֵן֙ אֶת־ הַ⁠בַּ֔יִת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The house that is fit for people to occupy is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 14:49

and wood of cedar and scarlet of worm and hyssop

Quote: וְ⁠עֵ֣ץ אֶ֔רֶז וּ⁠שְׁנִ֥י תוֹלַ֖עַת וְ⁠אֵזֹֽב (1)

See how you translated these words in Leviticus 14:4.

Leviticus 14:51

the bird, the one that was slaughtered

Quote: הַ⁠צִּפֹּ֣ר הַ⁠שְּׁחוּטָ֔ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 14:52

And he shall purify the house

Quote: וְ⁠חִטֵּ֣א אֶת־ הַ⁠בַּ֔יִת (1)

Alternate translation: “And the priest will make the house ritually clean”

Leviticus 14:53

and it will be clean

Quote: וְ⁠טָהֵֽר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A house that is fit for people to occupy is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 14:54

infection of the skin disease

Quote: נֶ֥גַע הַ⁠צָּרַ֖עַת (1)

See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:3.

Leviticus 14:55

and of a disease of

Quote: וּ⁠לְ⁠צָרַ֥עַת (1)

See how you translated this word in Leviticus 13:47.

Leviticus 14:56

and of the rash

Quote: וְ⁠לַ⁠סַּפַּ֖חַת (1)

See how you translated rash in Leviticus 13:6.

Leviticus 14:57

uncleanness … cleanness

Quote: הַ⁠טָּמֵ֖א & הַ⁠טָּהֹ֑ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

People and items that other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean, and those which people may touch are spoken of as if they were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 15

Leviticus 15 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Bodily fluid

This chapter discusses fluids that come out of the body. These fluids caused a person to be unclean because of their potential to cause diseases. (See: clean, wash)

Cleanliness

While these rules about cleanliness are intended to benefit the Israelites and promote their health, they also were about making Israel into a separate and holy nation, different from the rest of the world. (See: holy, holiness, unholy, sacred)

Leviticus 15:2

from his flesh

Quote: מִ⁠בְּשָׂר֔⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This refers to the man’s private parts. (See: Euphemism)

it {is} unclean

Quote: טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 15:3

it {is} his uncleanness

Quote: טֻמְאָת֖⁠וֹ הִֽוא (1)

Alternate translation: “his body is unclean” or “he is unclean”

Leviticus 15:4

shall be unclean, … shall be unclean

Quote: יִטְמָ֑א & יִטְמָֽא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The bed or anything that the man sits on that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 15:5

And a man who touches his bed … and he shall be unclean

Quote: וְ⁠אִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִגַּ֖ע בְּ⁠מִשְׁכָּב֑⁠וֹ & וְ⁠טָמֵ֥א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

until the evening

Quote: עַד־ הָ⁠עָֽרֶב (1)

Alternate translation: “until sunset”

Leviticus 15:6

and he shall be unclean

Quote: וְ⁠טָמֵ֥א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

until the evening

Quote: עַד־ הָ⁠עָֽרֶב (1)

Alternate translation: “until sunset”

Leviticus 15:7

And the person who touches the flesh of

Quote: וְ⁠הַ⁠נֹּגֵ֖עַ בִּ⁠בְשַׂ֣ר (1)

Alternate translation: “And anyone who touches any part of the body”

Leviticus 15:8

on a person who is clean

Quote: בַּ⁠טָּה֑וֹר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

and he shall be unclean

Quote: וְ⁠טָמֵ֥א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 15:9

means of riding

Quote: הַ⁠מֶּרְכָּ֗ב (1)

A saddle is a leather seat that a person puts on the back of a horse in order to ride it.

And any means of riding … shall be unclean

Quote: וְ⁠כָל־ הַ⁠מֶּרְכָּ֗ב & יִטְמָֽא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 15:10

under him

Quote: תַחְתָּ֔י⁠ו (1)

Here, him refers to the person with the infected fluid.

shall be unclean … and he shall be unclean

Quote: יִטְמָ֖א & וְ⁠טָמֵ֥א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

until the evening

Quote: עַד־ הָ⁠עָֽרֶב (1)

Alternate translation: “until sunset”

Leviticus 15:11

And anyone whom the {one} flowing touches

Quote: וְ⁠כֹ֨ל אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִגַּע־ בּ⁠וֹ֙ הַ⁠זָּ֔ב (1)

Alternate translation: “And whomever the person with the infected flow touches”

Leviticus 15:12

And a container of clay that the {one} flowing touches shall be broken

Quote: וּ⁠כְלִי־ חֶ֛רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁר־ יִגַּע־ בּ֥⁠וֹ הַ⁠זָּ֖ב יִשָּׁבֵ֑ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And someone must break any clay pot that the one with such a flow of fluid touches” (See: Active or Passive)

and every vessel of wood shall be rinsed with water

Quote: וְ⁠כָל־ כְּלִי־ עֵ֔ץ יִשָּׁטֵ֖ף בַּ⁠מָּֽיִם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and someone must rinse every wooden container in water” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 15:13

cleanses from his flow

Quote: יִטְהַ֤ר & מִ⁠זּוֹב֔⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man recovering from his sickness is spoken of as if he becomes physically clean. Alternate translation: “is healed from his flow” (See: Metaphor)

cleanses from his flow

Quote: יִטְהַ֤ר & מִ⁠זּוֹב֔⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “recovers from his flow” (See: Active or Passive)

And he will be clean

Quote: וְ⁠טָהֵֽר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 15:16

And he shall be unclean

Quote: וְ⁠טָמֵ֥א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

People and objects that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

until the evening

Quote: עַד־ הָ⁠עָֽרֶב (1)

Alternate translation: “until sunset”

Leviticus 15:17

And any clothing and any leather on which is a laying of seed—and it shall be washed in water

Quote: וְ⁠כָל־ בֶּ֣גֶד וְ⁠כָל־ ע֔וֹר אֲשֶׁר־ יִהְיֶ֥ה עָלָ֖י⁠ו שִׁכְבַת־ זָ֑רַע וְ⁠כֻבַּ֥ס בַּ⁠מַּ֖יִם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And someone must wash with water every garment or leather on which there is semen” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 15:18

And a woman, when a man lies with her

Quote: וְ⁠אִשָּׁ֕ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁכַּ֥ב אִ֛ישׁ אֹתָ֖⁠הּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “And if man has sexual relations with a woman” (See: Euphemism)

Leviticus 15:19

in her menstruation

Quote: בְ⁠נִדָּתָ֔⁠הּ (1)

The word menstruation refers to the time when blood flows from a woman’s womb.

And any person who touches her shall be unclean

Quote: וְ⁠כָל־ הַ⁠נֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּ֖⁠הּ יִטְמָ֥א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

People and objects that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 15:20

in her menstruation

Quote: בְּ⁠נִדָּתָ֖⁠הּ (1)

The word ** menstruation** refers to the time when blood flows from a woman’s womb.

Leviticus 15:21

her bed

Quote: בְּ⁠מִשְׁכָּבָ֑⁠הּ (1)

Here, her refers to the woman who is menstruating.

And he shall be unclean

Quote: וְ⁠טָמֵ֥א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

until the evening

Quote: עַד־ הָ⁠עָֽרֶב (1)

Alternate translation: “until sunset”

Leviticus 15:24

And if, lying, a man lies with her

Quote: וְ⁠אִ֡ם שָׁכֹב֩ יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אִ֜ישׁ אֹתָ֗⁠הּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “And if any man has sexual relations with her” (See: Euphemism)

her menstruation

Quote: נִדָּתָ⁠הּ֙ (1)

Alternate translation: “her unclean flow” or “the blood from her womb”

shall be unclean

Quote: יִטְמָֽא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

People and objects that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 15:25

all the days of the flow of her uncleanness shall be like the days of her menstruation

Quote: כָּל־ יְמֵ֞י ז֣וֹב טֻמְאָתָ֗⁠הּ כִּ⁠ימֵ֧י נִדָּתָ֛⁠הּ תִּהְיֶ֖ה (1)

This means that if the woman bleeds from her womb at any time other than her regular menstruation time, she is still unclean just like during her menstruation.

She {is} unclean

Quote: טְמֵאָ֥ה הִֽוא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

People whom other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 15:26

And any furniture on which she sits shall be unclean

Quote: וְ⁠כָֽל־ הַ⁠כְּלִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּשֵׁ֣ב עָלָ֔י⁠ו טָמֵ֣א יִהְיֶ֔ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Objects that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 15:27

And any person who touches them shall be unclean. … and he shall be unclean

Quote: וְ⁠כָל־ הַ⁠נּוֹגֵ֥עַ בָּ֖⁠ם יִטְמָ֑א & וְ⁠טָמֵ֥א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

People whom other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 15:28

But if she becomes clean

Quote: וְ⁠אִֽם־ טָהֲרָ֖ה (1)

The word she refers to the woman who is menstruating.

she becomes clean from her flow

Quote: טָהֲרָ֖ה מִ⁠זּוֹבָ֑⁠הּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The woman recovering from her bleeding is spoken of as if she becomes physically clean. Alternate translation: “she is healed from her flow of blood” (See: Metaphor)

she becomes clean from her flow

Quote: טָהֲרָ֖ה מִ⁠זּוֹבָ֑⁠הּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “she recovers from her flow of blood” (See: Active or Passive)

she shall be clean

Quote: תִּטְהָֽר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The woman whom other people may touch is spoken of as if she were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 15:30

from the flow of her uncleanness

Quote: מִ⁠זּ֖וֹב טֻמְאָתָֽ⁠הּ (1)

Alternate translation: “because of her flow of blood that makes her unclean”

Leviticus 15:31

And you shall hold back the sons of Israel from their uncleanness

Quote: וְ⁠הִזַּרְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־ בְּנֵי־ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִ⁠טֻּמְאָתָ֑⁠ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Yahweh speaks of preventing the people from becoming unclean as if it were keeping the people at a safe distance from uncleanness. (See: Metaphor)

And you shall hold back the sons of Israel from their uncleanness

Quote: וְ⁠הִזַּרְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־ בְּנֵי־ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִ⁠טֻּמְאָתָ֑⁠ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word uncleanness, you can express the same idea with “unclean.” Alternate translation: “And you must prevent the people of Israel from becoming unclean” (See: Abstract Nouns)

from their uncleanness

Quote: מִ⁠טֻּמְאָתָ֑⁠ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

People whom other people may not touch and who are not acceptable for God’s purposes are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 15:32

This {is} the law of

Quote: זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת (1)

Alternate translation: “This is what must be done”

to become unclean

Quote: לְ⁠טָמְאָה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

People whom other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 15:33

and of {the woman} who is sick in her menstruation

Quote: וְ⁠הַ⁠דָּוָה֙ בְּ⁠נִדָּתָ֔⁠הּ (1)

Alternate translation: “and for a woman who is menstruating” or “and for a woman who is bleeding from her womb”

who lies with

Quote: אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁכַּ֖ב עִם־ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “who has sexual relations with” (See: Euphemism)

an unclean {woman

Quote: טְמֵאָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

People whom other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 16

Leviticus 16 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Holiness

Because Yahweh is holy, he can only be approached in a certain way. This could only happen on a specific day, by a specific person, and only after they offered the proper sacrifice to make themselves clean. (See: holy, holiness, unholy, sacred and clean, wash)

Day of Atonement

This chapter gives rules for what the high priest had to do on the Day of Atonement. This was the most important day in Judaism. This is when he interceded for the sins of the people of Israel. (See: high priest, chief priests and atonement, atone, atoned and sin, sinful, sinner, sinning)

Leviticus 16:1

the two sons of Aaron

Quote: שְׁנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֑ן (1)

The phrase the two sons of Aaron refers to Nadab and Abihu, who died because they brought fire to Yahweh that he did not approve (Leviticus 10:1-2).

Leviticus 16:4

and the undergarments of linen

Quote: וּ⁠מִֽכְנְסֵי־ בַד֮ (1)

These undergarments were clothing worn next to the skin under the outer clothes.

and … the linen sash

Quote: וּ⁠בְ⁠אַבְנֵ֥ט בַּד֙ (1)

A sash is a piece of cloth that ties around the waist or chest.

and … the linen turban

Quote: וּ⁠בְ⁠מִצְנֶ֥פֶת בַּ֖ד (1)

A turban is a head covering made from wrapped strips of cloth.

Leviticus 16:5

And from the congregation of

Quote: וּ⁠מֵ⁠אֵ֗ת עֲדַת֙ (1)

Alternate translation: “And from the congregation of”

Leviticus 16:6

the sin offering, which {is} for himself

Quote: הַ⁠חַטָּ֖את אֲשֶׁר־ ל֑⁠וֹ (1)

Alternate translation: “as the sin offering for himself”

Leviticus 16:8

for the scapegoat

Quote: לַ⁠עֲזָאזֵֽל (1)

Aaron was to have someone set the goat free in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “the scapegoat” or “for the goat that is sent away”

Leviticus 16:9

on which the lot … went up

Quote: אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָלָ֥ה עָלָ֛י⁠ו הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֖ל (1)

Alternate translation: “which the lot designated”

Leviticus 16:10

But the goat … shall be made to stand, living

Quote: וְ⁠הַ⁠שָּׂעִ֗יר & יָֽעֳמַד־ חַ֛י (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But Aaron must bring the goat … alive” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 16:11

And he shall slaughter

Quote: וְ⁠שָׁחַ֛ט (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Aaron would catch the blood of the bull in a bowl so he could later sprinkle it on the atonement lid. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “And he must slaughter and catch the blood of” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 16:12

the fullness of a censer

Quote: מְלֹֽא־ הַ֠⁠מַּחְתָּה (1)

A censor is a container for fire and incense, used by the priests.

Leviticus 16:14

some of the blood of the bull

Quote: מִ⁠דַּ֣ם הַ⁠פָּ֔ר (1)

This is the blood Aaron caught with a bowl in Leviticus 16:11.

on the face of the atonement lid

Quote: עַל־ פְּנֵ֥י הַ⁠כַּפֹּ֖רֶת (1)

He put the blood on the top part of the lid that was towards him as he entered the most holy place.

And to the face of the atonement lid

Quote: וְ⁠לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הַ⁠כַּפֹּ֗רֶת (1)

This could mean: (1) “And below the atonement lid onto the chest” or (2) “And onto the ground in front of the atonement lid.”

Leviticus 16:15

And he shall sprinkle it on the atonement lid and to the face of the atonement lid

Quote: וְ⁠הִזָּ֥ה אֹת֛⁠וֹ עַל־ הַ⁠כַּפֹּ֖רֶת וְ⁠לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י הַ⁠כַּפֹּֽרֶת (1)

Aaron sprinkled the blood in the same manner that he did with the bull’s blood. See how you translated the previous instructions in Leviticus 16:14.

Leviticus 16:16

And he shall make atonement for the Holy Place from the uncleanness of the sons of Israel

Quote: וְ⁠כִפֶּ֣ר עַל־ הַ⁠קֹּ֗דֶשׁ מִ⁠טֻּמְאֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (1)

The sins of the people of Israel made the holy place unclean.

from the uncleanness of … and from their rebellion, {… their sins

Quote: מִ⁠טֻּמְאֹת֙ & וּ⁠מִ⁠פִּשְׁעֵי⁠הֶ֖ם & חַטֹּאתָ֑⁠ם (1)

The words uncleanness, rebellion, and sins mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people have committed all kinds of sins.

from the uncleanness of

Quote: מִ⁠טֻּמְאֹת֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Sinful actions which make people unacceptable to Yahweh are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

in the midst of their uncleanness

Quote: בְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ טֻמְאֹתָֽ⁠ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

The phrase their uncleanness represents the people who commit sinful actions. Alternate translation: “in the presence of people who commit sinful actions” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 16:18

And he shall go out to the altar that {is} to the face of Yahweh

Quote: וְ⁠יָצָ֗א אֶל־ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֛חַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִ⁠פְנֵֽי־ יְהוָ֖ה (1)

This is the altar of sacrifice just inside the courtyard of the tabernacle.

and he shall make atonement for it

Quote: וְ⁠כִפֶּ֣ר עָלָ֑י⁠ו (1)

Like the holy place and tent of meeting, the altar is unclean because of the sins of the people.

the horns of the altar

Quote: קַרְנ֥וֹת הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ (1)

The horns of the altar refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in Leviticus 4:7. Alternate translation: “the projections at the corners of the altar”

Leviticus 16:19

And he shall cleanse it

Quote: וְ⁠טִהֲר֣⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Making the altar fit to be used for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the priest were physically cleansing it. (See: Metaphor)

and make it holy from the uncleanness of the sons of Israel

Quote: וְ⁠קִדְּשׁ֔⁠וֹ מִ⁠טֻּמְאֹ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The altar being dedicated to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were being physically separated from the sins of the people. (See: Metaphor)

from the uncleanness of the sons of Israel

Quote: מִ⁠טֻּמְאֹ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Sinful actions which make people unacceptable to Yahweh are spoken of as if they were physical uncleanness. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 16:20

and he shall present the living goat

Quote: וְ⁠הִקְרִ֖יב אֶת־ הַ⁠שָּׂעִ֥יר הֶ⁠חָֽי (1)

This goat is called the scapegoat in verse Leviticus 16:10.

Leviticus 16:21

and he shall confess over it

Quote: וְ⁠הִתְוַדָּ֣ה עָלָ֗י⁠ו (1)

Alternate translation: “and confess over the goat”

the iniquity of … their rebellion, … their sins

Quote: עֲוֺנֹת֙ & פִּשְׁעֵי⁠הֶ֖ם & חַטֹּאתָ֑⁠ם (1)

The words wickedness, rebellion, and sins mean basically the same thing. Aaron is confessing every kind of sin that the people committed.

And he shall put them on the head of the goat

Quote: וְ⁠נָתַ֤ן אֹתָ⁠ם֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ הַ⁠שָּׂעִ֔יר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

Aaron’s actions here were a symbolic transfer of the people’s sin to the goat as a sign that the goat would bear the punishment for their guilt. (See: Symbolic Action)

Leviticus 16:23

and he shall remove the linen clothing

Quote: וּ⁠פָשַׁט֙ אֶת־ בִּגְדֵ֣י הַ⁠בָּ֔ד (1)

These were the special garments Aaron wore only when he entered the most holy place.

Leviticus 16:24

And he shall bathe his flesh in the water in a holy place

Quote: וְ⁠רָחַ֨ץ אֶת־ בְּשָׂר֤⁠וֹ בַ⁠מַּ֨יִם֙ בְּ⁠מָק֣וֹם קָד֔וֹשׁ (1)

Here, holy place does not refer to the tent of meeting. This was a different place set aside for him to bathe himself.

and he shall wear his clothes

Quote: וְ⁠לָבַ֖שׁ אֶת־ בְּגָדָ֑י⁠ו (1)

These garments were the clothes that Aaron wore for his ordinary duties.

Leviticus 16:25

he shall cause to become smoke

Quote: יַקְטִ֥יר (1)

Alternate translation: “Aaron must burn”

Leviticus 16:26

And the person sending away the goat as scapegoat shall wash his clothes, and he shall bathe his flesh in the water

Quote: וְ⁠הַֽ⁠מְשַׁלֵּ֤חַ אֶת־ הַ⁠שָּׂעִיר֙ לַֽ⁠עֲזָאזֵ֔ל יְכַבֵּ֣ס בְּגָדָ֔י⁠ו וְ⁠רָחַ֥ץ אֶת־ בְּשָׂר֖⁠וֹ בַּ⁠מָּ֑יִם (1)

The man was unclean because of his contact with the scapegoat, which carried the sin of the people.

as scapegoat

Quote: לַֽ⁠עֲזָאזֵ֔ל (1)

See how you translated this in Leviticus 16:8. Alternate translation: “the goat that is sent away”

Leviticus 16:27

whose blood was brought

Quote: אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוּבָ֤א אֶת־ דָּמָ⁠ם֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whose blood Aaron brought in” (See: Active or Passive)

shall be brought out

Quote: יוֹצִ֖יא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone must carry” (See: Active or Passive)

their skins

Quote: אֶת־ עֹרֹתָ֥⁠ם (1)

Here, their refers to the bull and the goat. A hide is the skin of an animal. Alternate translation: “the skins of the bull and the goat”

Leviticus 16:29

for you

Quote: לָ⁠כֶ֖ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you

The word you is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: Forms of You)

in the seventh month on the tenth day of the month

Quote: בַּ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ֠⁠שְּׁבִיעִי בֶּֽ⁠עָשׂ֨וֹר לַ⁠חֹ֜דֶשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths

This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on the western calendar. (See: Hebrew Months)

in the seventh month on the tenth day of the month

Quote: בַּ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ֠⁠שְּׁבִיעִי בֶּֽ⁠עָשׂ֨וֹר לַ⁠חֹ֜דֶשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal

The words seventh and tenth are the ordinal forms of “seven” and “ten”. Alternate translation: “in month seven on day ten of the month” (See: Ordinal Numbers)

Leviticus 16:30

he will make atonement for you

Quote: יְכַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵי⁠כֶ֖ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Aaron will make atonement for you” (See: Active or Passive)

to cleanse you … you will be clean

Quote: לְ⁠טַהֵ֣ר אֶתְ⁠כֶ֑ם & תִּטְהָֽרוּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

People who are acceptable for God’s purposes are spoken of as if they were physically made clean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 16:31

It {is} a sabbath of sabbaths for you

Quote: שַׁבַּ֨ת שַׁבָּת֥וֹן הִיא֙ לָ⁠כֶ֔ם (1)

This is not the same as the Sabbath they observed every week on the seventh day. This was a special Sabbath on the Day of Atonement.

Leviticus 16:32

under his father

Quote: תַּ֣חַת אָבִ֑י⁠ו (1)

When the high priest died, one of his sons would replace him.

the clothes of holiness

Quote: בִּגְדֵ֥י הַ⁠קֹּֽדֶשׁ (1)

These holy garments were special clothes the high priest must wear when he enters the most holy place.

Leviticus 16:33

all the people of the assembly

Quote: כָּל־ עַ֥ם הַ⁠קָּהָ֖ל (1)

Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel”

Leviticus 16:34

[GL Quote Not Found!]

Quote: General Information: (0)

General Information:

Yahweh finishes telling Moses what the people must do on the Day of Atonement.

Leviticus 17

Leviticus 17 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Sacrifices

Sacrifices could only be offered by the priests at the temple. Any other sacrifice was strictly prohibited. This was probably intended to ensure that the people were only offering sacrifices to Yahweh and not to another god. (See: priest, priesthood and god, false god, goddess, idol, idolater, idolatrous, idolatry)

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

“The life of each creature is its blood”

It is unclear why the life is described as being in the blood. It is possible that diseases were more common in the blood and this is why it was prohibited. Blood is also necessary for life to continue in a creature. (See: INVALID bible/kt/life and INVALID bible/kt/blood)

Leviticus 17:4

to the face of the Dwelling of Yahweh

Quote: לִ⁠פְנֵ֖י מִשְׁכַּ֣ן יְהוָ֑ה (1)

Alternate translation: “before Yahweh’s tabernacle”

and that man shall be cut off from the midst of his people

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרַ֛ת הָ⁠אִ֥ישׁ הַ⁠ה֖וּא מִ⁠קֶּ֥רֶב עַמּֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated this in Leviticus 7:20. Alternate translation: “that person must be cut off from among his people as a branch is cut from a tree” (See: Metaphor)

and that man shall be cut off from the midst of his people

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרַ֛ת הָ⁠אִ֥ישׁ הַ⁠ה֖וּא מִ⁠קֶּ֥רֶב עַמּֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 17:7

who they are acting unfaithfully after them

Quote: אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥ם זֹנִ֖ים אַחֲרֵי⁠הֶ֑ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The people being unfaithful to Yahweh by worshiping false gods is spoken of as if they were prostitutes who sold their bodies for money. Alternate translation: “for which they are unfaithful to Yahweh” (See: Metaphor)

This will be an enduring statute for them for their generations

Quote: חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֛ם תִּֽהְיֶה־ זֹּ֥את לָ⁠הֶ֖ם לְ⁠דֹרֹתָֽ⁠ם (1)

See how you translated this phrase in Leviticus 3:17.

Leviticus 17:9

then that man shall be cut off from his people

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרַ֛ת הָ⁠אִ֥ישׁ הַ⁠ה֖וּא מֵ⁠עַמָּֽי⁠ו (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated this in Leviticus 7:20. Alternate translation: “that person must be cut off from among his people like a branch is cut from a tree” (See: Metaphor)

then that man shall be cut off from his people

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרַ֛ת הָ⁠אִ֥ישׁ הַ⁠ה֖וּא מֵ⁠עַמָּֽי⁠ו (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 17:10

then I will set my face against the person

Quote: וְ⁠נָתַתִּ֣י פָנַ֗⁠י בַּ⁠נֶּ֨פֶשׁ֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

The idiom set my face against means he “firmly decided to oppose.” Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose that person” (See: Idiom)

and I will cut him off from the midst of his people

Quote: וְ⁠הִכְרַתִּ֥י אֹתָ֖⁠הּ מִ⁠קֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽ⁠הּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “I will not permit that person to live among his people any longer” or “I will separate that person from his people” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 17:11

For the life of the flesh, it is in the blood, … For the blood, it makes atonement with the life

Quote: כִּ֣י נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַ⁠בָּשָׂר֮ בַּ⁠דָּ֣ם הִוא֒ & כִּֽי־ הַ⁠דָּ֥ם ה֖וּא בַּ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ יְכַפֵּֽר (1)

This means God uses the blood to atone for the sins of the people because the blood is life. The people should not consume the blood because it has this special purpose.

Leviticus 17:12

I said

Quote: אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙ (1)

Here, I refers to Yahweh.

Every person among you shall not eat blood

Quote: כָּל־ נֶ֥פֶשׁ מִ⁠כֶּ֖ם לֹא־ תֹ֣אכַל דָּ֑ם (1)

Alternate translation: “no one among you may eat meat with blood in it”

Leviticus 17:13

that will be eaten

Quote: אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵאָכֵ֑ל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that I have said they may eat” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 17:14

the life of all flesh, its blood

Quote: נֶ֣פֶשׁ כָּל־ בָּשָׂ֗ר דָּמ֣⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

This means that the blood is enables the creature to be alive. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “each creature is able to live because of its blood” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

All who eat it shall be cut off

Quote: כָּל־ אֹכְלָ֖י⁠ו יִכָּרֵֽת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “Whoever eats blood may no longer live among his people” or “ Anyone who eats blood must be cut off from his people, as if he were a branch cut from a tree” (See: Metaphor)

All who eat it shall be cut off

Quote: כָּל־ אֹכְלָ֖י⁠ו יִכָּרֵֽת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Whoever eats blood may no longer live among his people” or “You must separate from his people anyone who eats blood” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 17:15

or a torn animal

Quote: וּ⁠טְרֵפָ֔ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “or that wild animals have killed” (See: Active or Passive)

among the native-born

Quote: בָּ⁠אֶזְרָ֖ח (1)

Alternate translation: “among the Israelites”

and he will be unclean … Then he will be clean

Quote: וְ⁠טָמֵ֥א & וְ⁠טָהֵֽר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean and the person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

until the evening

Quote: עַד־ הָ⁠עֶ֖רֶב (1)

Alternate translation: “until sunset”

Leviticus 17:16

then he shall bear his iniquity

Quote: וְ⁠נָשָׂ֖א עֲוֺנֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here a person’s iniquity is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries. (See: Metaphor)

then he shall bear his iniquity

Quote: וְ⁠נָשָׂ֖א עֲוֺנֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here the word iniquity represents the punishment for that iniquity. Alternate translation: “then he is responsible for his own iniquity” or “then I will punish him for his sin” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 18

Leviticus 18 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Uncovering nakedness

To “uncover nakedness” is a euphemism for having sexual relations with someone. This chapter gives many examples of people with whom Israelites were not to have sexual relations.

Leviticus 18:4

My customs you shall do, and my statutes you shall keep

Quote: אֶת־ מִשְׁפָּטַ֧⁠י תַּעֲשׂ֛וּ וְ⁠אֶת־ חֻקֹּתַ֥⁠י תִּשְׁמְר֖וּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people must obey everything that Yahweh has commanded them to do. You can translate this parallelism into one statement that conveys the requirement to keep all of Yahweh’s commands. Alternate translation: “You must obey all of my laws and commandments” (See: Parallelism)

to walk in them

Quote: לָ⁠לֶ֣כֶת בָּ⁠הֶ֑ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Obeying Yahweh’s commandments is spoken of as if the commandments were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “so that you conduct your behavior according to them” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 18:6

to uncover nakedness

Quote: לְ⁠גַלּ֣וֹת עֶרְוָ֑ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

The phrase to uncover nakedness is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations” (See: Euphemism)

Leviticus 18:7

The nakedness of your father and the nakedness of your mother you shall not uncover

Quote: עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֛י⁠ךָ וְ⁠עֶרְוַ֥ת אִמְּ⁠ךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with your father or your mother” (See: Euphemism)

you shall not uncover her nakedness

Quote: לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽ⁠הּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “you must not have sexual relations with her” (See: Euphemism)

Leviticus 18:8

the wife of your father

Quote: אֵֽשֶׁת־ אָבִ֖י⁠ךָ (1)

Sometimes men had more than one wife. God did not allow a son to have sexual intercourse with any woman married to his father, even if she was not his mother.

It {is} the nakedness of your father

Quote: עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֖י⁠ךָ הִֽוא (1)

Alternate translation: “You would dishonor your father”

Leviticus 18:9

The nakedness of your sister, the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother, born of {the same} house or born outside {it}, you shall not uncover their nakedness

Quote: עֶרְוַ֨ת אֲחֽוֹתְ⁠ךָ֤ בַת־ אָבִ֨י⁠ךָ֙ א֣וֹ בַת־ אִמֶּ֔⁠ךָ מוֹלֶ֣דֶת בַּ֔יִת א֖וֹ מוֹלֶ֣דֶת ח֑וּץ לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽ⁠ן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a euphemism for sexual activity. See how this is translated in Leviticus 18:7. Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with your sister, the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother, born at home or born outside” (See: Euphemism)

the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother

Quote: בַת־ אָבִ֨י⁠ךָ֙ א֣וֹ בַת־ אִמֶּ֔⁠ךָ (1)

This means a man cannot have sexual intercourse with his sister even if she has a different mother or father.

Leviticus 18:10

for they {are} your nakedness

Quote: כִּ֥י עֶרְוָתְ⁠ךָ֖ הֵֽנָּה (1)

Alternate translation: “for you will dishonor yourself as well as them”

Leviticus 18:11

the daughter of the wife of your father

Quote: בַּת־ אֵ֤שֶׁת אָבִ֨י⁠ךָ֙ (1)

This could mean: (1) “your half-sister” or (2) “your stepsister.” Here the man does not have the same father or mother as the woman. They became brother and sister when their parents married.

Leviticus 18:12

The nakedness of the sister of your father, you shall not uncover

Quote: עֶרְוַ֥ת אֲחוֹת־ אָבִ֖י⁠ךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a euphemism for sexual activity. See how this is translated in Leviticus 18:7. Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with your father’s sister” (See: Euphemism)

Leviticus 18:14

to his wife you shall not draw near

Quote: אֶל־ אִשְׁתּ⁠וֹ֙ לֹ֣א תִקְרָ֔ב (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

You may have to make explicit the purpose of the approach. Alternate translation: “do not go to his wife in order to have sexual intercourse with her” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 18:15

The nakedness of your daughter-in-law, you shall not uncover

Quote: עֶרְוַ֥ת כַּלָּֽתְ⁠ךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a euphemism for sexual activity. See how this is translated in Leviticus 18:7. Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with your daughter-in-law” (See: Euphemism)

You shall not uncover her nakedness

Quote: לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽ⁠הּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “you must not have sexual relations with her” (See: Euphemism)

Leviticus 18:16

She is the nakedness of your brother

Quote: עֶרְוַ֥ת אָחִ֖י⁠ךָ הִֽוא (1)

Alternate translation: “if you do that, you will dishonor your brother”

Leviticus 18:17

The nakedness of a woman and her daughter, you shall not uncover

Quote: עֶרְוַ֥ת אִשָּׁ֛ה וּ⁠בִתָּ֖⁠הּ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a euphemism for sexual activity. See how this is translated in Leviticus 18:7. Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with a woman and her daughter” (See: Euphemism)

to uncover her nakedness

Quote: לְ⁠גַלּ֣וֹת עֶרְוָתָ֔⁠הּ (1)

Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with her”

Leviticus 18:19

in the menstruation of her uncleanness

Quote: בְּ⁠נִדַּ֣ת טֻמְאָתָ֑⁠הּ (1)

This refers to the time every month when a woman bleeds from her womb.

to uncover her nakedness

Quote: לְ⁠גַלּ֖וֹת עֶרְוָתָֽ⁠הּ (1)

Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with her”

Leviticus 18:20

the wife of … fellow citizen, … your

Quote: אֵ֨שֶׁת֙ עֲמִֽיתְ⁠ךָ֔ (1)

Alternate translation: “any man’s wife”

Leviticus 18:21

And from your seed, you shall not give {them} to cause {them} to pass over to Molech

Quote: וּ⁠מִֽ⁠זַּרְעֲ⁠ךָ֥ לֹא־ תִתֵּ֖ן לְ⁠הַעֲבִ֣יר לַ⁠מֹּ֑לֶךְ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

The phrase to pass over to Molech refers to burning a child in the fire as a sacrifice to the idol Molech. Alternate translation: “You must not burn your children alive for Molech” (See: Idiom)

And you shall not profane the name of your God

Quote: וְ⁠לֹ֧א תְחַלֵּ֛ל אֶת־ שֵׁ֥ם אֱלֹהֶ֖י⁠ךָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here the word profane means to dishonor. The word namerepresents God himself. Alternate translation: “And you must not dishonor your God” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 18:22

And you shall not lie with

Quote: וְ⁠אֶ֨ת & לֹ֥א תִשְׁכַּ֖ב (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with” (See: Euphemism)

It is an abomination

Quote: תּוֹעֵבָ֖ה הִֽוא (1)

Here, detestable refers to a violation of the natural order of things as Yahweh intended them to be.

Leviticus 18:23

to mate with it

Quote: לְ⁠רִבְעָ֖⁠הּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with it” (See: Euphemism)

Leviticus 18:24

the nations … make themselves unclean

Quote: נִטְמְא֣וּ הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֔ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, the nations refers to the people groups already living in Canaan. Translate this so the term nations is clarified as people. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations … have defiled themselves” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 18:25

And the land became unclean

Quote: וַ⁠תִּטְמָ֣א הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ (1)

Alternate translation: “And the people defiled the land”

And the land vomited out the ones dwelling {in} it

Quote: וַ⁠תָּקִ֥א הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ אֶת־ יֹשְׁבֶֽי⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Yahweh forcibly removing the people from the land is spoken of as if the land vomited the people out. Alternate translation: “I forcibly removed the people from the land” (See: Metaphor)

And the land vomited out the ones dwelling {in} it

Quote: וַ⁠תָּקִ֥א הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ אֶת־ יֹשְׁבֶֽי⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification

The land is spoken of as if it were a person who could vomit. (See: Personification)

Leviticus 18:26

any of these abominations

Quote: מִ⁠כֹּ֥ל הַ⁠תּוֹעֵבֹ֖ת הָ⁠אֵ֑לֶּה (1)

Alternate translation: “any of these disgusting things”

Leviticus 18:28

And the land will not vomit you out … it vomited out

Quote: וְ⁠לֹֽא־ תָקִ֤יא הָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙ אֶתְ⁠כֶ֔ם & קָאָ֛ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Yahweh forcibly removing the people from the land is spoken of as if the land vomited the people out. See how you translated this metaphor in Leviticus 18:25. (See: Metaphor)

And the land will not vomit you out … it vomited out

Quote: וְ⁠לֹֽא־ תָקִ֤יא הָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙ אֶתְ⁠כֶ֔ם & קָאָ֛ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification

The land is spoken of as if it were a person who could vomit. See how you translated these phrases in Leviticus 18:25. (See: Personification)

Leviticus 18:29

the people who do will be cut off from the midst of their people

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרְת֛וּ הַ⁠נְּפָשׁ֥וֹת הָ⁠עֹשֹׂ֖ת מִ⁠קֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽ⁠ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

People being excluded from the community is spoken of as if they had been cut off from their people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “the people who do these things must be separated from their people as a branch is cut from a tree” (See: Metaphor)

the people who do will be cut off from the midst of their people

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרְת֛וּ הַ⁠נְּפָשׁ֥וֹת הָ⁠עֹשֹׂ֖ת מִ⁠קֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽ⁠ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must separate the who do such things from their people” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 18:30

that are done to your faces

Quote: אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲשׂ֣וּ לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠כֶ֔ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which the people did here before you came” (See: Active or Passive)

by them

Quote: בָּ⁠הֶ֑ם (1)

Here, them refers to the detestable customs.

Leviticus 19

Leviticus 19 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Obeying Yahweh

Being holy meant obeying Yahweh in all matters of a person’s life. It is not limited to offering correct sacrifices. The law helped to establish righteousness in a person’s life, as well as justice in Israel. In Israel, these concepts are closely related. (See: holy, holiness, unholy, sacred and righteous, righteousness, unrighteous, unrighteousness, upright, uprightness and just, justice, unjust, injustice, justify, justification)

Leviticus 19:3

and my sabbaths you shall keep

Quote: שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖⁠י תִּשְׁמֹ֑רוּ (1)

Alternate translation: “you must observe my sabbaths” or “you must respect my day of rest”

Leviticus 19:4

You shall not turn to idols

Quote: אַל־ תִּפְנוּ֙ אֶל־ הָ֣⁠אֱלִילִ֔ים (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Worshiping idols is spoken of as if it were physically turning towards them. Alternate translation: “Do not begin to worship worthless idols” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 19:5

you shall sacrifice it for your acceptance

Quote: לִֽ⁠רְצֹנְ⁠כֶ֖ם תִּזְבָּחֻֽ⁠הוּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

This could mean: (1) Yahweh will accept the person offering the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept you” or (2) Yahweh will accept the sacrifice from the person. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept your sacrifice” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 19:6

it shall be eaten

Quote: יֵאָכֵ֖ל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must eat it” (See: Active or Passive)

And the remainder until the third day shall be burned with fire

Quote: וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתָר֙ עַד־ י֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י בָּ⁠אֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵֽף (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must burn up in the fire what is left until the third day” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 19:7

But if, eating, it is eaten

Quote: וְ⁠אִ֛ם הֵאָכֹ֥ל יֵאָכֵ֖ל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if you eat any of it” (See: Active or Passive)

It will not be accepted

Quote: לֹ֥א יֵרָצֶֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

To eat the offering after the designated time is against God and increases the guilt the offering was to cover. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You may not accept it for eating” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 19:8

And the person eating it shall bear his iniquity

Quote: וְ⁠אֹֽכְלָי⁠ו֙ עֲוֺנ֣⁠וֹ יִשָּׂ֔א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person’s iniquity is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries. (See: Metaphor)

And the person eating it shall bear his iniquity

Quote: וְ⁠אֹֽכְלָי⁠ו֙ עֲוֺנ֣⁠וֹ יִשָּׂ֔א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here the word iniquity represents the punishment for that sin. Alternate translation: “And everyone who eats the sacrifice is responsible for his own sin” or “Yahweh will punish the sin of everyone who eats the sacrifice” (See: Metonymy)

And that person shall be cut off from his people

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated this in Leviticus 7:20. Alternate translation: “that person must be cut off from among his people as a branch is cut from a tree” (See: Metaphor)

And that person shall be cut off from his people

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 19:9

And in your harvesting the harvest of your land, you shall not complete the edge of your field

Quote: וּֽ⁠בְ⁠קֻצְרְ⁠כֶם֙ אֶת־ קְצִ֣יר אַרְצְ⁠כֶ֔ם לֹ֧א תְכַלֶּ֛ה פְּאַ֥ת שָׂדְ⁠ךָ֖ (1)

Alternate translation: “And when you gather your crops, do not gather all the way to the edges of your fields”

and the gleaning of your harvest you shall not glean

Quote: וְ⁠לֶ֥קֶט קְצִֽירְ⁠ךָ֖ לֹ֥א תְלַקֵּֽט (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

This refers to the practice of going back over the fields a second time to gather any produce that remained after the first time. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and do not go back and pick up all that you left behind” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 19:12

And you shall not swear by my name to a lie

Quote: וְ⁠לֹֽא־ תִשָּׁבְע֥וּ בִ⁠שְׁמִ֖⁠י לַ⁠שָּׁ֑קֶר (1)

Alternate translation: “And do not use my name to swear about something that is not true”

Leviticus 19:13

You shall not extort your neighbor, and you shall not rob

Quote: לֹֽא־ תַעֲשֹׁ֥ק אֶת־ רֵֽעֲ⁠ךָ֖ וְ⁠לֹ֣א תִגְזֹ֑ל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, neighbor means “anyone.” The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Do not hurt or rob anyone” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

You shall not retain the wages of a hired {person} with you until morning

Quote: לֹֽא־ תָלִ֞ין פְּעֻלַּ֥ת שָׂכִ֛יר אִתְּ⁠ךָ֖ עַד־ בֹּֽקֶר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Yahweh commands the employer to pay his servant promptly when his work is done that day. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 19:15

You shall not do injustice with judgment

Quote: לֹא־ תַעֲשׂ֥וּ עָ֨וֶל֙ בַּ⁠מִּשְׁפָּ֔ט (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes

The double negative not … injustice is used for emphasis. It can be expressed in a positive way. Alternate translation: “Always judge rightly” (See: Litotes)

You shall not lift the face of an insignificant {person}, and you shall not honor the face of a great {person

Quote: לֹא־ תִשָּׂ֣א פְנֵי־ דָ֔ל וְ⁠לֹ֥א תֶהְדַּ֖ר פְּנֵ֣י גָד֑וֹל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism

The words poor and great are two extremes, which together mean “anyone.” You can translate this to clarify the terms. Alternate translation: “You must not show favoritism to anyone based on how much money they have” (See: Merism)

In righteousness, you shall judge your fellow citizen

Quote: בְּ⁠צֶ֖דֶק תִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט עֲמִיתֶֽ⁠ךָ (1)

Alternate translation: “Judge everyone according to what is right”

Leviticus 19:16

as} a slanderer

Quote: רָכִיל֙ (1)

A slanderer is someone who says untrue, hurtful messages about other people.

Leviticus 19:17

You shall not hate your brother with your heart

Quote: לֹֽא־ תִשְׂנָ֥א אֶת־ אָחִ֖י⁠ךָ בִּ⁠לְבָבֶ֑⁠ךָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Continually hating a person is spoken of as if it were hating a person in the heart. Alternate translation: “Do not continually hate your brother” (See: Metaphor)

Reproving, you shall reprove your fellow citizen

Quote: הוֹכֵ֤חַ תּוֹכִ֨יחַ֙ אֶת־ עֲמִיתֶ֔⁠ךָ (1)

Alternate translation: “You must correct your fellow Israelite who is sinning”

Leviticus 19:20

he lies with

Quote: יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אֶת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with” (See: Euphemism)

a {woman} being assigned to a man

Quote: נֶחֱרֶ֣פֶת לְ⁠אִ֔ישׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom someone promised to give to a man as his wife” (See: Active or Passive)

but, being redeemed, she has not been redeemed or freedom has not been given to her

Quote: וְ⁠הָפְדֵּה֙ לֹ֣א נִפְדָּ֔תָה א֥וֹ חֻפְשָׁ֖ה לֹ֣א נִתַּן־ לָ֑⁠הּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but whom her future husband has not ransomed or given her freedom” (See: Active or Passive)

They shall not be executed

Quote: לֹ֥א יוּמְת֖וּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not kill them” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 19:21

And he shall bring his guilt to Yahweh, to the entrance of the tent of meeting—a ram of a guilt offering

Quote: וְ⁠הֵבִ֤יא אֶת־ אֲשָׁמ⁠וֹ֙ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֔ה אֶל־ פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד אֵ֖יל אָשָֽׁם (1)

Alternate translation: “And a man must bring a ram as a guilt offering to Yahweh to the entrance of the tent of meeting”

Leviticus 19:22

And it will be forgiven to him from his sin that he sinned

Quote: וְ⁠נִסְלַ֣ח ל֔⁠וֹ מֵ⁠חַטָּאת֖⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָֽא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 19:23

then you shall leave uncircumcised {as} its foreskin its fruit. Three years it shall be uncircumcised to you. It shall not be eaten

Quote: וַ⁠עֲרַלְתֶּ֥ם עָרְלָת֖⁠וֹ אֶת־ פִּרְי֑⁠וֹ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֗ים יִהְיֶ֥ה לָ⁠כֶ֛ם עֲרֵלִ֖ים לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵֽל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism

Yahweh repeats the prohibition in order to emphasize it and to clarify that it is in force for the first three years that the tree bears fruit. Translate this to clarify the period of time the trees must be left alone. Alternate translation: “then you must consider the fruit of the trees to be unclean for the first three years and not eat any of it until after that” (See: Parallelism)

It shall not be eaten

Quote: לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵֽל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not eat it” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 19:29

and the land shall not practice prostitution, or the land will fill {itself with} depravity

Quote: וְ⁠לֹא־ תִזְנֶ֣ה הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ וּ⁠מָלְאָ֥ה הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ זִמָּֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here both occurrences of the word land represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people will begin to practice prostitution and many wicked things” (See: Metonymy)

and the land shall not practice prostitution, or the land will fill {itself with} depravity

Quote: וְ⁠לֹא־ תִזְנֶ֣ה הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ וּ⁠מָלְאָ֥ה הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ זִמָּֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Many people practicing prostitution and other wicked deeds is spoken of as if the they have fallen into or become full of those things. Alternate translation: “the people will begin to practice prostitution and many wicked things” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 19:31

the mediums, and to the spiritists

Quote: הָ⁠אֹבֹת֙ וְ⁠אֶל־ הַ⁠יִּדְּעֹנִ֔ים (1)

The necromancers were people who claimed to speak with dead people. The soothsayers claimed to be able to predict what will happen in the future. The Israelites were not allowed to have anything to do with these people.

you shall not seek to become unclean by them

Quote: אַל־ תְּבַקְשׁ֖וּ לְ⁠טָמְאָ֣ה בָ⁠הֶ֑ם (1)

Alternate translation: “Do not seek those people out. If you do, they will defile you”

Leviticus 19:32

you shall rise

Quote: תָּק֔וּם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

Standing up in front of someone is a sign of respect. (See: Symbolic Action)

gray hair

Quote: שֵׂיבָה֙ (1)

A gray-haired person refers to a person whose hair has turned gray from age, or “an old person.”

Leviticus 19:35

You shall not do injustice with judgment, in measure, in weight, or in volume

Quote: לֹא־ תַעֲשׂ֥וּ עָ֖וֶל בַּ⁠מִּשְׁפָּ֑ט בַּ⁠מִּדָּ֕ה בַּ⁠מִּשְׁקָ֖ל וּ⁠בַ⁠מְּשׂוּרָֽה (1)

This prohibits the practice of intentionally using instruments that give inaccurate readings when measuring things.

Leviticus 19:36

an ephah of righteousness

Quote: אֵ֥יפַת צֶ֛דֶק (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume

An ephah was a measurement for grain. (See: Biblical Volume)

and a hin of righteousness

Quote: וְ⁠הִ֥ין צֶ֖דֶק (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume

A hin was a measurement for liquids. (See: Biblical Volume)

Leviticus 19:37

And you shall keep … and you shall do

Quote: וּ⁠שְׁמַרְתֶּ֤ם & וַ⁠עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet

These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the command for obedience. (See: Doublet)

Leviticus 20

Leviticus 20 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Punishments for serious sins

This chapter compiles a list of serious sins. The most serious sins are punished by death. (See: sin, sinful, sinner, sinning and INVALID bible/other/death)

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Euphemism

“To see someone’s nakedness” means to live as husband wife. (See: Euphemism)

Metaphor

The phrase “you must carry your own guilt” is a metaphor. It is unknown what this means, but it is possible it indicates a penalty of death.

Leviticus 20:2

who gives from his seed to Molech

Quote: אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֧ן מִ⁠זַּרְע֛⁠וֹ לַ⁠מֹּ֖לֶךְ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Those who worshiped Molech sacrificed their children to him by means of fire. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “who kills any of his children as a sacrifice to Molech” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

dying, he shall be executed

Quote: מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑ת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people in the land must certainly stone him to death” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 20:3

And I myself will set my face against that man

Quote: וַ⁠אֲנִ֞י אֶתֵּ֤ן אֶת־ פָּנַ⁠י֙ בָּ⁠אִ֣ישׁ הַ⁠ה֔וּא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

The idiom *set me face means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “And I have made up my mind to oppose that man” (See: Idiom)

for he gave his seed to Molech

Quote: כִּ֤י מִ⁠זַּרְע⁠וֹ֙ נָתַ֣ן לַ⁠מֹּ֔לֶךְ (1)

Se how you translated a similar phrase in 20:2. Alternate translation: “he has sacrificed his child”

to make my Holy Place unclean and to profane my holy name

Quote: לְמַ֗עַן טַמֵּא֙ אֶת־ מִקְדָּשִׁ֔⁠י וּ⁠לְ⁠חַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־ שֵׁ֥ם קָדְשִֽׁ⁠י (1)

Alternate translation: “and by doing that, he has defiled my holy place and profaned my holy name”

and to profane my holy name

Quote: וּ⁠לְ⁠חַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־ שֵׁ֥ם קָדְשִֽׁ⁠י (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here God’s name represents God and his reputation. Alternate translation: “and to dishonor my reputation” or “and to dishonor me” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 20:4

hiding, the people of the land hide their eyes from that man

Quote: הַעְלֵ֣ם יַעְלִימֽוּ֩ עַ֨ם הָ⁠אָ֜רֶץ אֶת־ עֵֽינֵי⁠הֶם֙ מִן־ הָ⁠אִ֣ישׁ הַ⁠ה֔וּא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

The phrase to cause their eyes to be hidden implies they do not see that thing. This speaks of ignoring something as closing the eyes. Alternate translation: “the people of the land disregard that man at all” or “the people of the land even partially ignore that man” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 20:5

and all the people who practice prostitution after him, by prostituting after Molech

Quote: כָּל־ הַ⁠זֹּנִ֣ים אַחֲרָ֗י⁠ו לִ⁠זְנ֛וֹת אַחֲרֵ֥י הַ⁠מֹּ֖לֶךְ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

This phrase compares those who are unfaithful to Yahweh to prostitutes. Alternate translation: “who is unfaithful to Yahweh” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 20:6

to practice prostitution after them

Quote: לִ⁠זְנ֖וֹת אַחֲרֵי⁠הֶ֑ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

This phrase compares the unfaithful people to prostitutes. Alternate translation: “by doing that, they seek advice from the spirits rather than from me” (See: Metaphor)

I will set my face against that person

Quote: וְ⁠נָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־ פָּנַ⁠י֙ בַּ⁠נֶּ֣פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֔וא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

The idiom set my face means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind that I will oppose that person” (See: Idiom)

Leviticus 20:8

And you shall keep my statutes, and you shall do them

Quote: וּ⁠שְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ אֶת־ חֻקֹּתַ֔⁠י וַ⁠עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑⁠ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism

The words keep and do mean basically the same thing. They are used together in order to emphasize that the people must obey God. (See: Parallelism)

Leviticus 20:9

dying—he shall be executed

Quote: מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑ת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must surely put him to death” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 20:10

dying, … shall be executed

Quote: מֽוֹת־ יוּמַ֥ת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must certainly put both of them to death” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 20:11

lies with the wife of … his father

Quote: יִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־ אֵ֣שֶׁת אָבִ֔י⁠ו (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a polite way of referring to sexual activity. Some languages use more direct phrases such as “has sex with his father’s wife.” (See: Euphemism)

Leviticus 20:12

They have done perversion

Quote: תֶּ֥בֶל עָשׂ֖וּ (1)

Here God calls a man having sex with his son’s wife a perversion, an especially serious sin. See how you translated perversion in Leviticus 18:23.

Leviticus 20:13

lies with a male

Quote: יִשְׁכַּ֤ב אֶת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with” (See: Euphemism)

lying as a woman

Quote: מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אִשָּׁ֔ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile

The way he treats the man is the same way he would treat a woman. Alternate translation: “just like he would with a woman” (See: Simile)

an abomination

Quote: תּוֹעֵבָ֥ה (1)

Alternate translation: “something detestable” or “something detestable”

Dying, they shall be executed

Quote: מ֥וֹת יוּמָ֖תוּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must surely put them to death” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 20:14

They shall burn him and them with fire

Quote: בָּ⁠אֵ֞שׁ יִשְׂרְפ֤וּ אֹת⁠וֹ֙ וְ⁠אֶתְ⁠הֶ֔ן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 20:15

gives his layer in a livestock

Quote: יִתֵּ֧ן שְׁכָבְתּ֛⁠וֹ בִּ⁠בְהֵמָ֖ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with an animal” (See: Euphemism)

dying, he shall be executed

Quote: מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑ת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 20:16

to mate with it

Quote: לְ⁠רִבְעָ֣ה אֹתָ֔⁠הּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with it” (See: Euphemism)

then you shall kill the woman and the livestock. Dying, they must be executed

Quote: וְ⁠הָרַגְתָּ֥ אֶת־ הָ⁠אִשָּׁ֖ה וְ⁠אֶת־ הַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֑ה מ֥וֹת יוּמָ֖תוּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism

Both clauses mean the same thing. They emphasize that the woman and animal must die. (See: Parallelism)

Dying, they must be executed

Quote: מ֥וֹת יוּמָ֖תוּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must certainly put them to death” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 20:17

takes

Quote: יִקַּ֣ח (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This could mean: (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with” or (2) it simply means “to marry.” (See: Euphemism)

the daughter of his father or the daughter of his mother

Quote: בַּת־ אָבִ֣י⁠ו א֣וֹ בַת־ אִ֠מּ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

This means a man cannot have sexual intercourse with his sister, even if she has a different mother or father. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “whether it is his full sister or half-sister” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

and he sees her nakedness, and she herself sees his nakedness

Quote: וְ⁠רָאָ֨ה אֶת־ עֶרְוָתָ֜⁠הּ וְ⁠הִֽיא־ תִרְאֶ֤ה אֶת־ עֶרְוָת⁠וֹ֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a polite way of referring to sexual activity. Alternate translation: “they have sexual relations” (See: Euphemism)

The nakedness of his sister he has uncovered

Quote: עֶרְוַ֧ת אֲחֹת֛⁠וֹ גִּלָּ֖ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a polite way of referring to sexual activity. Alternate translation: “He has had sexual relations with his sister” (See: Euphemism)

he shall bear his iniquity

Quote: עֲוֺנ֥⁠וֹ יִשָּֽׂא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

This phrase means the man is responsible for his sin. Alternate translation: “He is responsible for his sin” or “You must punish him for his sin” (See: Idiom)

Leviticus 20:18

And a man who lies with a sick woman

Quote: וְ֠⁠אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אֶת־ אִשָּׁ֜ה דָּוָ֗ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “And if a man has sexual relations with a menstruating woman” (See: Euphemism)

a sick woman

Quote: אִשָּׁ֜ה דָּוָ֗ה (1)

This means it is the time every month when a woman bleeds from her womb.

he has exposed her flow, and she herself has uncovered the flow of her blood

Quote: אֶת־ מְקֹרָ֣⁠הּ הֶֽעֱרָ֔ה וְ⁠הִ֕יא גִּלְּתָ֖ה אֶת־ מְק֣וֹר דָּמֶ֑י⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

This phrase compares having sex with a woman during her menstrual period to removing the cover off of something that should remain hidden. (See: Metaphor)

he has exposed her flow, and she herself has uncovered the flow of her blood

Quote: אֶת־ מְקֹרָ֣⁠הּ הֶֽעֱרָ֔ה וְ⁠הִ֕יא גִּלְּתָ֖ה אֶת־ מְק֣וֹר דָּמֶ֑י⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

The fact that this was a shameful thing to do can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “they have done a shameful thing by exposing and uncovering the flow of her blood” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

And {the} two of them shall be cut off from among their people

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרְת֥וּ שְׁנֵי⁠הֶ֖ם מִ⁠קֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽ⁠ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

People being excluded from their community is spoken of as if they had been cut off from their people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated a similar phrase in Leviticus 7:20. Alternate translation: “And both of them must be cut off among their people as a branch is cut from a tree” (See: Metaphor)

And {the} two of them shall be cut off from among their people

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרְת֥וּ שְׁנֵי⁠הֶ֖ם מִ⁠קֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽ⁠ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

And {the} two of them shall be cut off

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרְת֥וּ שְׁנֵי⁠הֶ֖ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

It can be stated clearly why this must be done. Alternate translation: “Because they have done this shameful thing, both the man and woman must be cut off” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 20:19

And the nakedness of the sister of your mother or the sister of your father, you shall not uncover

Quote: וְ⁠עֶרְוַ֨ת אֲח֧וֹת אִמְּ⁠ךָ֛ וַ⁠אֲח֥וֹת אָבִ֖י⁠ךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “You must not have sexual relations with your mother’s sister” (See: Euphemism)

They shall carry their iniquity

Quote: עֲוֺנָ֥⁠ם יִשָּֽׂאוּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

The idiom “carry your own guilt” means “you are responsible for your own sin.” Alternate translation: “They are responsible for their own sin” or “You must punish them for their sin” (See: Idiom)

Leviticus 20:20

And a man who lies with his aunt

Quote: וְ⁠אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־ דֹּ֣דָת֔⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “And if a man has sexual relations with his aunt” (See: Euphemism)

Leviticus 20:21

And a man who takes the wife of his brother

Quote: וְ⁠אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִקַּ֛ח אֶת־ אֵ֥שֶׁת אָחִ֖י⁠ו (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

This could mean: (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “If a man has sexual relations with his brother’s wife” or (2) it simply means “to marry.” (See: Euphemism)

Leviticus 20:22

and the land that I am bringing you there to dwell in it will not vomit you out

Quote: וְ⁠לֹא־ תָקִ֤יא אֶתְ⁠כֶם֙ הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנִ֜י מֵבִ֥יא אֶתְ⁠כֶ֛ם שָׁ֖מָּ⁠ה לָ⁠שֶׁ֥בֶת בָּֽ⁠הּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

This phrase describes the removal of the people from the land as if they were bad food that a person vomits out. See how you translated this metaphor in Leviticus 18:25. Alternate translation: “the land to which I am bringing you will not reject you” (See: Metaphor)

and the land that I am bringing you there to dwell in it will not vomit you out

Here, the land is describes as if it were a person who could vomit. Alternate translation: “the land to which I am bringing you will not reject you” (See: Personification)

Leviticus 20:23

And you shall not walk in the statutes of the nation

Quote: וְ⁠לֹ֤א תֵֽלְכוּ֙ בְּ⁠חֻקֹּ֣ת הַ⁠גּ֔וֹי (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Doing the actions of idol worshipers is spoken of as walking in their ways. Alternate translation: “And you must not act like the nations” (See: Metaphor)

I am sending out

Quote: אֲנִ֥י מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ (1)

Alternate translation: “I will remove”

Leviticus 20:24

a land flowing {with} milk and honey

Quote: אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ⁠דְבָ֑שׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

The phrase flowing with milk and honey means “that is rich and productive with enough food for everyone.” Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” or “a productive land” (See: Idiom)

Leviticus 20:26

and I separate you

Quote: וָ⁠אַבְדִּ֥ל אֶתְ⁠כֶ֛ם (1)

Alternate translation: “and I have distinguished you” or “and I have set you apart”

Leviticus 20:27

dying, they shall be executed

Quote: מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑תוּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they must certainly put them to death” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 21

Leviticus 21 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Priests must be holy

Priests must be separate from the rest of the world. Priests should not do anything that would be unclean. They also cannot be unclean because of a birth defect, and they must not marry an unclean woman. (See: priest, priesthood and holy, holiness, unholy, sacred and clean, wash)

Leviticus 21:1

he shall not make himself unclean

Quote: לֹֽא־ יִטַּמָּ֖א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

among his people

Quote: בְּ⁠עַמָּֽי⁠ו (1)

Alternate translation: “among the Israelites”

Leviticus 21:3

virgin

Quote: הַ⁠בְּתוּלָה֙ (1)

The word virgin is sometimes translated as “young woman.”

Leviticus 21:5

and the edges of their beard they shall not shave

Quote: וּ⁠פְאַ֥ת זְקָנָ֖⁠ם לֹ֣א יְגַלֵּ֑חוּ (1)

It is impossible to be certain what the writer intended here. This could mean: (1) shave off certain parts of their beards or (2) cut or shave any part of their beards.

Leviticus 21:6

and they shall not profane the name of their God

Quote: וְ⁠לֹ֣א יְחַלְּל֔וּ שֵׁ֖ם אֱלֹהֵי⁠הֶ֑ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

This word name is used to represent Yahweh’s character. Alternate translation: “and they must not disgrace God’s reputation” or “and they must not disgrace their God” (See: Metonymy)

the bread of their God

Quote: לֶ֧חֶם אֱלֹהֵי⁠הֶ֛ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche

Here, bread represents food in general. Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. It is the sincerity of those offering the food that pleases God. (See: Synecdoche)

and they shall be holy

Quote: וְ⁠הָ֥יוּ קֹֽדֶשׁ (1)

Alternate translation: “so they must be set apart”

Leviticus 21:7

He shall not take … he shall not take

Quote: לֹ֣א יִקָּ֔חוּ & לֹ֣א יִקָּ֑חוּ (1)

Alternate translation: “The priest must not take … the priest must not take”

for he {is} holy

Quote: כִּֽי־ קָדֹ֥שׁ ה֖וּא (1)

Alternate translation: “For he is set apart”

Leviticus 21:8

And you shall make him holy

Quote: וְ⁠קִדַּשְׁתּ֔⁠וֹ (1)

Alternate translation: “And you people must treat the priest as holy”

for he is the one presenting the bread of your God

Quote: כִּֽי־ אֶת־ לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהֶ֖י⁠ךָ ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֑יב (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche

Here, bread represents food in general. Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. Translate this in a way that makes it clear that Yahweh does not actually eat the food. (See: Synecdoche)

He shall be holy for you

Quote: קָדֹשׁ֙ יִֽהְיֶה־ לָּ֔⁠ךְ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must regard him as holy” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 21:9

She must be burned

Quote: תִּשָּׂרֵֽף (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 21:10

the oil of anointing

Quote: שֶׁ֤מֶן הַ⁠מִּשְׁחָה֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

This is a reference to the anointing oil used in the ceremony consecrating a new the high priest. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

on whose head the oil of anointing was poured and whose hand is filled

Quote: אֲֽשֶׁר־ יוּצַ֥ק עַל־ רֹאשׁ֣⁠וֹ׀ שֶׁ֤מֶן הַ⁠מִּשְׁחָה֙ וּ⁠מִלֵּ֣א אֶת־ יָד֔⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on whose head they poured anointing oil and whose hand they filled” (See: Active or Passive)

his head he shall not let be unbound, and his clothes he shall not tear

Quote: אֶת־ רֹאשׁ⁠וֹ֙ לֹ֣א יִפְרָ֔ע וּ⁠בְגָדָ֖י⁠ו לֹ֥א יִפְרֹֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Loose hair and torn clothes were signs of mourning. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “he must not mourn for dead relatives” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 21:12

And he shall not go out from the Holy Place

Quote: וּ⁠מִן־ הַ⁠מִּקְדָּשׁ֙ לֹ֣א יֵצֵ֔א (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

This does not mean the high priest could never leave. God did not allow him to leave in order to grieve over someone who died. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 21:14

from his people

Quote: מֵ⁠עַמָּ֖י⁠ו (1)

Alternate translation: “from among his own tribe, the tribe of Levi”

Leviticus 21:15

And he shall not profane his seed among his people

Quote: וְ⁠לֹֽא־ יְחַלֵּ֥ל זַרְע֖⁠וֹ בְּ⁠עַמָּ֑י⁠ו (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

By marrying an unholy or ungodly woman, the priest would have children unworthy to be priest. Alternate translation: “And he will not have unworthy children by marrying an ungodly woman” (See: Idiom)

Leviticus 21:17

shall not draw near to present the bread of his God

Quote: לֹ֣א יִקְרַ֔ב לְ⁠הַקְרִ֖יב לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהָֽי⁠ו (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “must not come to burn the burnt offering of food on God’s altar” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 21:18

shall not draw near

Quote: לֹ֣א יִקְרָ֑ב (1)

A priest had to meet specific physical standards in order to approach Yahweh. This does not imply that physical defects were the result of immorality or that all people with physical defects are unable to approach Yahweh.

Leviticus 21:21

He shall not approach to present the bread of his God

Quote: אֵ֚ת לֶ֣חֶם אֱלֹהָ֔י⁠ו לֹ֥א יִגַּ֖שׁ לְ⁠הַקְרִֽיב (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche

Here, bread represents food in general. Alternate translation: “He must not make burnt offering of food on God’s altar” (See: Synecdoche)

Leviticus 21:22

The bread of his God, from the holy things of the holy things and from the holy things, he may eat

Quote: לֶ֣חֶם אֱלֹהָ֔י⁠ו מִ⁠קָּדְשֵׁ֖י הַ⁠קֳּדָשִׁ֑ים וּ⁠מִן־ הַ⁠קֳּדָשִׁ֖ים יֹאכֵֽל (1)

Parts of the sacrifices belonged to the priests and could be eaten. Alternate translation: “He may eat the food offering of his God, some of the holiest holy things and some of the holy things”

he may eat

Quote: יֹאכֵֽל (1)

Here, he refers to the priest with the bodily defect.

from the holy things of the holy things and from the holy things

Quote: מִ⁠קָּדְשֵׁ֖י הַ⁠קֳּדָשִׁ֑ים וּ⁠מִן־ הַ⁠קֳּדָשִׁ֖ים (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

This also refers to the food that was sacrificed. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “some of the sacrifices offered in the most holy place or some of the sacrifices offered in the holy place” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 21:24

and to his sons

Quote: וְ⁠אֶל־ בָּנָ֑י⁠ו (1)

Alternate translation: “and to Aaron’s sons”

Leviticus 22

Leviticus 22 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Holy things

Priests who are unclean must not touch any holy thing. The things in the temple and involved in sacrifices must remain clean. An unclean priest would cause anything he touched to become unclean. (See: priest, priesthood and clean, wash and holy, holiness, unholy, sacred)

Leviticus 22:2

and they shall be separated from the holy things of

Quote: וְ⁠יִנָּֽזְרוּ֙ מִ⁠קָּדְשֵׁ֣י (1)

Yahweh is about to describe situations where a priest is unclean and not allowed to touch holy things. Alternate translation: “that there are times when they should keep away from the holy things”

and they shall not profane the name of my holiness

Quote: וְ⁠לֹ֥א יְחַלְּל֖וּ אֶת־ שֵׁ֣ם קָדְשִׁ֑⁠י (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

The word profane here means to dishonor. The word name represents Yahweh’s character. Alternate translation: “And they must not dishonor my reputation” or “And they must not dishonor me” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 22:3

To your generations

Quote: לְ⁠דֹרֹ֨תֵי⁠כֶ֜ם (1)

Alternate translation: “from now on”

and his uncleanness {is} on him

Quote: וְ⁠טֻמְאָת֖⁠וֹ עָלָ֑י⁠ו (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “while he is unclean” (See: Metaphor)

that person shall be cut off from before my face

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֞ה הַ⁠נֶּ֧פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֛וא מִ⁠לְּ⁠פָנַ֖⁠י (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A priest no longer being able to serve Yahweh is spoken of as if that person had been cut off from Yahweh’s presence, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “that person must be cut off from before me as a branch is cut from a tree” (See: Metaphor)

that person shall be cut off from before my face

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֞ה הַ⁠נֶּ֧פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֛וא מִ⁠לְּ⁠פָנַ֖⁠י (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person will no longer be able to serve as a priest” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 22:4

is} skin diseased

Quote: צָר֨וּעַ֙ (1)

This refers to a disease on the skin easily spread from one person to another.

until he is clean

Quote: עַ֖ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִטְהָ֑ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

And the one touching anything unclean of

Quote: וְ⁠הַ⁠נֹּגֵ֨עַ֙ בְּ⁠כָל־ טְמֵא (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Something that Yahweh has said is unfit to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 22:5

a man who touches any swarming {thing} that makes him unclean or a person who makes him unclean

Quote: אִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִגַּ֔ע בְּ⁠כָל־ שֶׁ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִטְמָא־ ל֑⁠וֹ א֤וֹ בְ⁠אָדָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִטְמָא־ ל֔⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “or whoever is unclean from touching a creeping animal or from touching another unclean person” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 22:6

the person who touches it will be unclean

Quote: נֶ֚פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּגַּע־ בּ֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠טָמְאָ֖ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: Metaphor)

until the evening

Quote: עַד־ הָ⁠עָ֑רֶב (1)

Alternate translation: “until sunset”

Leviticus 22:7

and he will be clean

Quote: וְ⁠טָהֵ֑ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. Alternate translation: “then he will be considered clean” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 22:8

An {animal} carcass or a torn {animal

Quote: נְבֵלָ֧ה וּ⁠טְרֵפָ֛ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “an animal that someone found dead or that a wild animal has killed” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 22:12

the contribution of the holy things

Quote: בִּ⁠תְרוּמַ֥ת הַ⁠קֳּדָשִׁ֖ים (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word contributions, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the holy offerings which people have contributed” (See: Abstract Nouns)

Leviticus 22:14

then he shall add its fifth on it, and he shall give the holy thing to the priest

Quote: וְ⁠יָסַ֤ף חֲמִֽשִׁית⁠וֹ֙ עָלָ֔י⁠ו וְ⁠נָתַ֥ן לַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן אֶת־ הַ⁠קֹּֽדֶשׁ (1)

This could mean: (1) that the person had to replace the food that he had eaten with the same kind of food or (2) that the person had to pay money to the priest for the food that he had eaten.

its fifth

Quote: חֲמִֽשִׁית⁠וֹ֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction

The term its fifth refers to one part out of five equal parts. (See: Fractions)

Leviticus 22:15

that which they raise

Quote: אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־ יָרִ֖ימוּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

Here the phrase lifted up refers to a symbolic gesture of respect that represents offering something to Yahweh. It means basically the same thing as “presented.” Alternate translation: “that they offered” (See: Symbolic Action)

Leviticus 22:16

or they shall cause themselves to bear the iniquity of guilt

Quote: וְ⁠הִשִּׂ֤יאוּ אוֹתָ⁠ם֙ עֲוֺ֣ן אַשְׁמָ֔ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here, guilt is spoken of as if it were an object that people can carry. (See: Metaphor)

or they shall cause themselves to bear the iniquity of guilt

Quote: וְ⁠הִשִּׂ֤יאוּ אוֹתָ⁠ם֙ עֲוֺ֣ן אַשְׁמָ֔ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

This could mean: (1) they would be responsible for their sin and so become guilty. Alternate translation: “they would be guilty for the sin that they committed” or (2) the word guilt is a metonym for punishment for the sin that they committed. Alternate translation: “they would receive the punishment because they are guilty” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 22:18

the sojourner

Quote: הַ⁠גֵּ֣ר (1)

Alternate translation: “the foreigner”

Leviticus 22:19

for your acceptance

Quote: לִֽ⁠רְצֹנְ⁠כֶ֑ם (1)

Alternate translation: “in order for Yahweh to accept it”

Leviticus 22:21

for acceptance

Quote: לְ⁠רָצ֔וֹן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for me to accept it” or “for Yahweh to accept it” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 22:22

being broken … being maimed or

Quote: שָׁב֜וּר אוֹ־ חָר֣וּץ (1)

The words disabled and maimed refer to defects caused by accidents.

or … having} a running {sore} … a scab or a sore

Quote: יַבֶּ֗לֶת א֤וֹ גָרָב֙ א֣וֹ יַלֶּ֔פֶת (1)

The words warts, eczema, and scabs refer to types of skin diseases.

Leviticus 22:23

extended or stunted

Quote: שָׂר֣וּעַ וְ⁠קָל֑וּט (1)

The words deformed andsmall refer to defects the animal has from birth.

it will not be accepted

Quote: לֹ֥א יֵרָצֶֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will not accept it” or “Yahweh will not accept it” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 22:25

And from the hand of a son of a foreigner, you shall not present the bread of your God from any of these because their being ruined is on them and a blemish is on them

Quote: וּ⁠מִ⁠יַּ֣ד בֶּן־ נֵכָ֗ר לֹ֥א תַקְרִ֛יבוּ אֶת־ לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֖ם מִ⁠כָּל־ אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֣י מָשְׁחָתָ֤⁠ם בָּ⁠הֶם֙ מ֣וּם בָּ֔⁠ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche

Here the word hand represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “And you must not offer as food to your God any deformed animal from a foreigner” (See: Synecdoche)

you shall not present the bread of your God

Quote: לֹ֥א תַקְרִ֛יבוּ אֶת־ לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֖ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche

God did not actually eat the sacrifices. Priests would offer the sacrifice on God’s altar, and they would eat some of the meat. Alternate translation: “you must not present an animal as a food offering to your God” (See: Synecdoche)

And from the hand of a son of a foreigner, you shall not present the bread of your God from any of these because their being ruined is on them and a blemish is on them

It is implied that Israelites could not use animals as a sacrifice to God if they bought it from a foreigner, because foreigners castrated their animals making them unacceptable to God. Alternate translation: “And you must not offer to your God any animal that a foreigner has castrated, because that animal is deformed as a result” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

They will not be accepted for you

Quote: לֹ֥א יֵרָצ֖וּ לָ⁠כֶֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 22:27

it may be accepted

Quote: יֵרָצֶ֕ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you may accept it” (See: Active or Passive)

a gift

Quote: אִשֶּׁ֖ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for a burnt offering” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 22:30

it shall be eaten

Quote: יֵאָכֵ֔ל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 22:31

And you shall keep my commandments, and you shall do them

Quote: וּ⁠שְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ מִצְוֺתַ֔⁠י וַ⁠עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑⁠ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet

The words keep and do mean the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey God’s commands. Alternate translation: “you must obey my commandments” (See: Doublet)

Leviticus 22:32

And you shall not profane the name of my holiness

Quote: וְ⁠לֹ֤א תְחַלְּלוּ֙ אֶת־ שֵׁ֣ם קָדְשִׁ֔⁠י (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here the word name represents Yahweh himself and his reputation and profane means to remove the honor that belongs to God as Creator and Lord of the universe. Alternate translation: “And you must not dishonor me, for I am holy” or “And you must not dishonor my holy reputation” (See: Metonymy)

but I will show myself to be holy in the midst of the sons of Israel

Quote: וְ⁠נִ֨קְדַּשְׁתִּ֔י בְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel must treat me as holy” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 23

Leviticus 23 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

The feasts

The people should celebrate the Sabbath, the Passover, the Feast of First Fruits, the Feast of Weeks, the Feast of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement and the Feast of Booths. These feasts were important for the religious life of Israel. They were a part of proper worship of Yahweh and the identity of Israel. (See: Sabbath, Passover and firstfruits and atonement, atone, atoned)

Leviticus 23:2

The appointed times of Yahweh

Quote: מוֹעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה (1)

These refers to festivals that the Lord had appointed to happen on specific dates. The people were to worship him at these festivals. Alternate translation: “the festivals for Yahweh” or “Yahweh’s festivals”

Leviticus 23:3

and on the seventh day {is} a sabbath of sabbaths

Quote: וּ⁠בַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֗י שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתוֹן֙ (1)

The people must rest habitually on the seventh day. After every six days in which they can work, they must rest on the seventh day.

an assembly of holiness

Quote: מִקְרָא־ קֹ֔דֶשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

The requirement that people assemble to worship God on that day is spoken of as if that day were the assembly. Alternate translation: “a holy day, when you must assemble together to worship me” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 23:4

in their appointed times

Quote: בְּ⁠מוֹעֲדָֽ⁠ם (1)

Alternate translation: “at their proper times”

Leviticus 23:5

In the first month, on {day} 14 of the month

Quote: בַּ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֗וֹן בְּ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לַ⁠חֹ֖דֶשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths

The first month of the Hebrew calendar marks when Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt. The fourteenth day is around the beginning of April on the Western calendar. (See: Hebrew Months])

In the first month

Quote: בַּ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֗וֹן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal

The word first is the ordinal form of “one”. Alternate translation: “In month one” (See: Ordinal Numbers)

between the evenings

Quote: בֵּ֣ין הָ⁠עַרְבָּ֑יִם (1)

Alternate translation: “at sunset”

Leviticus 23:6

And on day 15 of this month

Quote: וּ⁠בַ⁠חֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ לַ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths

Here, this month is the first month of the Hebrew calendar (verse 5). It was in the first month that Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt. The fifteenth day is around the beginning of April on the Western calendar. (See: Hebrew Months)

Leviticus 23:7

On the first day there shall be an assembly of holiness for you

Quote: בַּ⁠יּוֹם֙ הָֽ⁠רִאשׁ֔וֹן מִקְרָא־ קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָ⁠כֶ֑ם (1)

Alternate translation: “You must set apart the first day to gather together” or “You must treat the first day as different and gather together”

Leviticus 23:8

And you shall present a gift

Quote: וְ⁠הִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם אִשֶּׁ֛ה (1)

They would present the offering to Yahweh by burning it on the altar.

On the seventh day {is} an assembly of holiness

Quote: בַּ⁠יּ֤וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִי֙ מִקְרָא־ קֹ֔דֶשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

The requirement that people assemble on that day is spoken of as if that day were an assembly. Being holy means that when they assemble, they must worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “The seventh day is a day when you must assemble together to worship Yahweh” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 23:11

for your acceptance

Quote: לִֽ⁠רְצֹנְ⁠כֶ֑ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh to accept it for you” or “and I will accept it for you” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 23:13

two-tenths {of an ephah} of

Quote: שְׁנֵ֨י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜ים (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume

An ephah is 22 liters. Alternate translation: “four and a half liters” (See: Biblical Volume)

a fourth of a hin

Quote: רְבִיעִ֥ת הַ⁠הִֽין (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume

A hin is 3.7 liters. Alternate translation: “a liter” (See: Biblical Volume)

Leviticus 23:14

It is} a statute of eternity for your generations

Quote: חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְ⁠דֹרֹ֣תֵי⁠כֶ֔ם (1)

This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. See how you translated this in Leviticus 3:17.

Leviticus 23:16

seventh

Quote: הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֔ת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal

The word seventh is the ordinal for number seven. See: Ordinal Numbers

Leviticus 23:17

two {loaves} of two-tenths {of an ephah}. They shall be {of} flour. They shall be baked {with} leaven

Quote: שְׁ֚תַּיִם שְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים סֹ֣לֶת תִּהְיֶ֔ינָה חָמֵ֖ץ תֵּאָפֶ֑ינָה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They must be two loaves of bread that you have made from two-tenths of an ephah of flour and then baked with yeast” (See: Active or Passive)

two-tenths {of an ephah}. … of

Quote: שְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume

An ephah is 22 liters. Two-tenths of an ephah is is approximately 4.4 liters. Alternate translation: “four and a half liters” (See: Biblical Volume)

Leviticus 23:18

a scent of pleasing to Yahweh

Quote: רֵֽיחַ־ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַ⁠יהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

The Lord’s pleasure with the aroma represents his pleasure with the person who burns the offering. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be pleased with you” or “that pleases the Yahweh” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 23:22

And when you harvest the harvest of your land, you shall not finish the edge of your field

Quote: וּֽ⁠בְ⁠קֻצְרְ⁠כֶ֞ם אֶת־ קְצִ֣יר אַרְצְ⁠כֶ֗ם לֹֽא־ תְכַלֶּ֞ה פְּאַ֤ת שָֽׂדְ⁠ךָ֙ (1)

Alternate translation: “And when you gather your crops, do not gather them all the way to the edges of your fields”

Leviticus 23:24

In the seventh month, on {day} one of the month

Quote: בַּ⁠חֹ֨דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֜י בְּ⁠אֶחָ֣ד לַ⁠חֹ֗דֶשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths

This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of September on Western calendars. (See: Hebrew Months)

In the seventh month

Quote: בַּ⁠חֹ֨דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֜י (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal

The word seventh is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “In month seven” (See: Ordinal Numbers)

a rest

Quote: שַׁבָּת֔וֹן (1)

This was a period of time that was only for worship and not for work.

Leviticus 23:25

and you shall present a gift to Yahweh

Quote: וְ⁠הִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and you must offer a sacrifice that you make by fire to Yahweh” or “and you must burn an offering on the altar to Yahweh” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 23:27

on the tenth of this seventh month

Quote: בֶּ⁠עָשׂ֣וֹר לַ⁠חֹדֶשׁ֩ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֨י הַ⁠זֶּ֜ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths

This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on Western calendars. (See: Hebrew Months)

this seventh month

Quote: לַ⁠חֹדֶשׁ֩ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֨י הַ⁠זֶּ֜ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal

The word seventh is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “of month seven” (See: Ordinal Numbers)

the Day of Atonement

Quote: י֧וֹם הַ⁠כִּפֻּרִ֣ים (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

On this day each year the high priest made a sacrifice to Yahweh so that Yahweh would forgive all the sins of the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Day of Sacrifice for Forgiveness” (See: Translate Unknowns)

Leviticus 23:29

shall be cut off from his people

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֖ה מֵֽ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Being excluded is spoken of as being cut off. See how you translated this idea in Leviticus 7:20. Alternate translation: “then he must be cut off from his people as a branch is cut off” (See: Metaphor)

shall be cut off from his people

Quote: וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֖ה מֵֽ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then you must exclude him from his people” or “then you must separate that person from his people” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 23:30

on this same day

Quote: בְּ⁠עֶ֖צֶם הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה (1)

Alternate translation: “on the Day of Atonement”

Leviticus 23:31

It is} a statute of eternity for your generations

Quote: חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְ⁠דֹרֹ֣תֵי⁠כֶ֔ם (1)

This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. See how you translated a similar phrase in Leviticus 3:17.

Leviticus 23:32

It {is} a sabbath of sabbaths

Quote: שַׁבַּ֨ת שַׁבָּת֥וֹן הוּא֙ (1)

This is not the same as the Sabbath they observed every week on the seventh day. This was a special Sabbath on the Day of Atonement.

and you shall humble your souls

Quote: וְ⁠עִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת־ נַפְשֹׁתֵי⁠כֶ֑ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

In this case humbling themselves implies that they would not eat any food. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “and you must humble yourselves and eat nothing” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

On {day} nine of the month

Quote: בְּ⁠תִשְׁעָ֤ה לַ⁠חֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

This refers to the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The ninth day is near the end of September on Western calendars. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the ninth day of the seventh month” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

from evening until evening

Quote: מֵ⁠עֶ֣רֶב עַד־ עֶ֔רֶב (1)

Alternate translation: “From sunset to sunset on the next day”

Leviticus 23:34

On day 15 of … seventh month

Quote: בַּ⁠חֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֜ר י֗וֹם לַ⁠חֹ֤דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִי֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths

This date is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: Hebrew Months)

of … seventh month

Quote: לַ⁠חֹ֤דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִי֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal

The word seventh is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “of month seven” (See: Ordinal Numbers)

is} the Feast of Booths

Quote: חַ֧ג הַ⁠סֻּכּ֛וֹת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

This is a celebration during which the people of Israel lived in temporary shelters for seven days as a way to remember the time they spent living in the wilderness after they left Egypt. (See: Translate Unknowns)

Leviticus 23:37

These {are} the appointed times of

Quote: אֵ֚לֶּה מוֹעֲדֵ֣י (1)

This refers to the festivals mentioned in 23:1-36.

Leviticus 23:39

on day 15 of the seventh month

Quote: בַּ⁠חֲמִשָּׁה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֜וֹם לַ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֗י (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths

This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: Hebrew Months)

of the seventh month

Quote: לַ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֗י (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal

The word seventh is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “of month seven” (See: Ordinal Numbers)

when you gather the produce of

Quote: בְּ⁠אָסְפְּ⁠כֶם֙ אֶת־ תְּבוּאַ֣ת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche

The word produce here represents various kinds of crops. Alternate translation: “after you have gathered the crops of” (See: Synecdoche)

Leviticus 23:40

branches of palm trees, and boughs of leafy trees and willows of the river

Quote: כַּפֹּ֣ת תְּמָרִ֔ים וַ⁠עֲנַ֥ף עֵץ־ עָבֹ֖ת וְ⁠עַרְבֵי־ נָ֑חַל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Possible uses for these branches are: (1) to make temporary shelters or (2) to wave them as part of their joyous celebration. Some translations state their use clearly; other translations leave it implicit. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

and willows of

Quote: וְ⁠עַרְבֵי (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

The willows are trees with long, narrow leaves, which grow near water. (See: Translate Unknowns)

Leviticus 24

Leviticus 24 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Cursing God

The punishment for someone who curses God is to have stones thrown at him until he is dead. This was acceptable in ancient Israel, but it is no longer considered acceptable. (See: curse, cursed, cursing)

Leviticus 24:1

[GL Quote Not Found!]

Quote: General Information: (0)

General Information:

God gives Moses instructions about the things in the tent of meeting.

Leviticus 24:2

pure oil of olive, beaten

Quote: שֶׁ֣מֶן זַ֥יִת זָ֛ךְ כָּתִ֖ית (1)

Alternate translation: “pure olive oil”

a lamp

Quote: נֵ֖ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

This refers to the lamp or lamps in Yahweh’s sacred tent. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the lamp in the tent of meeting” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 24:3

From outside of the curtain of the testimony

Quote: מִ⁠חוּץ֩ לְ⁠פָרֹ֨כֶת הָ⁠עֵדֻ֜ת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche

Here, the testimony represents either the tablets that the decrees were written on or the box that the tablets were put in. These were kept in the very holy place, which was the room behind the curtain in the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: “Outside the curtain that is in front of the tablets of the covenant decrees” or “Outside the curtain that is in front of the box of the covenant” (See: Synecdoche)

of the curtain of

Quote: לְ⁠פָרֹ֨כֶת (1)

This curtain was a thick fabric hung as a wall. It was not like a light window curtain.

from evening until morning

Quote: מֵ⁠עֶ֧רֶב עַד־ בֹּ֛קֶר (1)

Alternate translation: “from sunset to sunrise” or “all night”

It is} a statute of eternity for your generations

Quote: חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לְ⁠דֹרֹֽתֵי⁠כֶֽם (1)

This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. See how you translated a similar phrase in Leviticus 3:17.

Leviticus 24:5

Two-tenths {of an ephah

Quote: שְׁנֵי֙ עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume

An ephah is about 22 litres. This two-tenths is about 4.4 liters. Alternate translation: “four and a half liters” (See: Biblical Volume)

Leviticus 24:6

the pure table to the face of Yahweh

Quote: הַ⁠שֻּׁלְחָ֥ן הַ⁠טָּהֹ֖ר לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)

This table is in the holy place, which is before the most holy place.

Leviticus 24:7

And you shall put on the row pure frankincense

Quote: וְ⁠נָתַתָּ֥ עַל־ הַֽ⁠מַּעֲרֶ֖כֶת לְבֹנָ֣ה זַכָּ֑ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

The incense was probably next to the loaves, rather than directly on the loaves. Alternate translation: “And you must put pure incense next to the loaves in each row” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

and it shall be for the bread as a memorial portion

Quote: וְ⁠הָיְתָ֤ה לַ⁠לֶּ֨חֶם֙ לְ⁠אַזְכָּרָ֔ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

What the incense would represent can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “and it will represent the loaves as an offering” or “and it will be an offering that represents the loaves” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 24:9

And it shall be

Quote: וְ⁠הָֽיְתָה֙ (1)

Alternate translation: “And this bread that is offered will be”

from the gifts of Yahweh

Quote: מֵ⁠אִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָ֖ה (1)

Alternate translation: “fro the burnt offerings to Yahweh” or “from the offerings that you burn to Yahweh”

Leviticus 24:10

And … went out

Quote: וַ⁠יֵּצֵא֙ (1)

This phrase marks a new section of the book.

Leviticus 24:11

And the son of the Israelite woman blasphemed the Name and cursed

Quote: וַ֠⁠יִּקֹּב בֶּן־ הָֽ⁠אִשָּׁ֨ה הַ⁠יִּשְׂרְאֵלִ֤ית אֶת־ הַ⁠שֵּׁם֙ וַ⁠יְקַלֵּ֔ל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism

The words blasphemed and cursed mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “And the son of the Israelite woman blasphemed Yahweh by cursing him” or “And the son of the Israelite woman said terrible things about Yahweh” (See: Parallelism)

Shelomith

Quote: שְׁלֹמִ֥ית (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

Shelomith is the name of a woman. (See: How to Translate Names)

daughter of Dibri

Quote: בַּת־ דִּבְרִ֖י (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

** Dibri** is the name of a man. (See: How to Translate Names)

Leviticus 24:14

and all the hearers shall lay their hands on his head

Quote: וְ⁠סָמְכ֧וּ כָֽל־ הַ⁠שֹּׁמְעִ֛ים אֶת־ יְדֵי⁠הֶ֖ם עַל־ רֹאשׁ֑⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

They were to put their hands on his head to show that he was the guilty one. (See: Symbolic Action)

Leviticus 24:15

then he shall bear his sin

Quote: וְ⁠נָשָׂ֥א חֶטְאֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Suffering for sin is spoken of if a person were to carry his guilt. Alternate translation: “then he must suffer for his sin” or “then he must be punished (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 24:16

he shall be executed

Quote: יוּמָֽת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people must put him to death” or “the people must kill him” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 24:17

dying, he shall be executed

Quote: מ֖וֹת יוּמָֽת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 24:18

shall restore it

Quote: יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑⁠נָּה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

How he would repay it can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “must pay it back by giving him a live animal” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

a life for a life

Quote: נֶ֖פֶשׁ תַּ֥חַת נָֽפֶשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

This is an idiom that means that one life would replace the other. Alternate translation: “one life to replace the other life” or “to replace the one that he killed” (See: Idiom)

Leviticus 24:19

thus it shall be done to him

Quote: כֵּ֖ן יֵעָ֥שֶׂה לּֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must do the same to him” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 24:20

fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth

Quote: שֶׁ֚בֶר תַּ֣חַת שֶׁ֔בֶר עַ֚יִן תַּ֣חַת עַ֔יִן שֵׁ֖ן תַּ֣חַת שֵׁ֑ן (1)

These phrases emphasize that a person should receive the same harm he did to someone else.

fracture for fracture

Quote: שֶׁ֚בֶר תַּ֣חַת שֶׁ֔בֶר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

A fracture refers to broken bones. Alternate translation: “broken bone for broken bone” or “if he breaks someone’s bone, one of his bones must be broken” or “if he breaks someone’s bone, they will break one of his bones” (See: Idiom)

eye for eye

Quote: עַ֚יִן תַּ֣חַת עַ֔יִן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

This refers to an eye being seriously injured or gouged out. Alternate translation: “if he destroys someone’s eye, one of his bones must be destroyed” or “if he destroys someone’s eye, they will destroy his eye” (See: Idiom)

tooth for tooth

Quote: שֵׁ֖ן תַּ֣חַת שֵׁ֑ן (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

This refers to a tooth being knocked out of the mouth. Alternate translation: “if he knocks out someone’s tooth, one of his teeth must be knocked out” or “if he knocks out someone’s tooth, they will knock out one of his teeth” (See: Idiom)

Leviticus 24:21

but a striker of a man shall be executed

Quote: וּ⁠מַכֵּ֥ה אָדָ֖ם יוּמָֽת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 25

Leviticus 25 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Over-farming

There is a provision made in this chapter to prevent over-farming of the land. If a land is farmed every year with the same crops, it will quickly become unable to grow anything.

Sabbath and Jubilee Years

Every seventh year, the land should not be planted. Every fiftieth year Israelite slaves must be freed and all land that has been bought returned to its original owners. This prevented people from getting trapped by their poverty.

Leviticus 25:2

then the land shall rest {as} a sabbath to Yahweh

Quote: וְ⁠שָׁבְתָ֣ה הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ שַׁבָּ֖ת לַ⁠יהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification

The land is spoken of as if it were a person that could obey the Sabbath by resting. (See: Personification)

then the land shall rest {as} a sabbath to Yahweh

Quote: וְ⁠שָׁבְתָ֣ה הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ שַׁבָּ֖ת לַ⁠יהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here the people honoring God by not farming the land every seventh year is spoken of as if the land were taking a sabbath rest. Alternate translation: “you must let the land rest every seventh year to honor Yahweh” or “you must obey Yahweh’s Sabbath by not farming the land every seventh year” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 25:3

you shall prune your vineyard

Quote: תִּזְמֹ֣ר כַּרְמֶ֑⁠ךָ (1)

To prune a vineyard is to cut the branches and vines to help the fruit grow better.

Leviticus 25:4

there shall be a sabbath of sabbaths for the land

Quote: שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתוֹן֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Not farming the land is spoken of as letting the land rest. Alternate translation: “you must observe a Sabbath of solemn rest for the land by not farming it” or “you must obey the Sabbath law by not farming the land every seventh year” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 25:5

The self-grown {produce} of your harvest you shall not reap, and the grapes of your untrimmed {vines} you shall not gather

Quote: אֵ֣ת סְפִ֤יחַ קְצִֽירְ⁠ךָ֙ לֹ֣א תִקְצ֔וֹר וְ⁠אֶת־ עִנְּבֵ֥י נְזִירֶ֖⁠ךָ לֹ֣א תִבְצֹ֑ר (1)

Yahweh will not allow the owner of a field to organize his workers and harvest the land as he does the other six years. However, Yahweh will allow individuals to go through the fields to pick and eat the fruit they find.

your untrimmed {vines

Quote: נְזִירֶ֖⁠ךָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

To be unpruned means that no one has taken care of the vines and cut them as they do during the other six years. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your vines that you do not prune” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 25:6

And the sabbath of the land shall be for food for you: for you, and for your male servant, and for your female servant, and for your hired worker, and for your temporary resident who sojourns with you

Quote: וְ֠⁠הָיְתָה שַׁבַּ֨ת הָ⁠אָ֤רֶץ לָ⁠כֶם֙ לְ⁠אָכְלָ֔ה לְ⁠ךָ֖ וּ⁠לְ⁠עַבְדְּ⁠ךָ֣ וְ⁠לַ⁠אֲמָתֶ֑⁠ךָ וְ⁠לִ⁠שְׂכִֽירְ⁠ךָ֙ וּ⁠לְ⁠תוֹשָׁ֣בְ⁠ךָ֔ הַ⁠גָּרִ֖ים עִמָּֽ⁠ךְ (1)

Leviticus 25:7

All its produce

Quote: כָל־ תְּבוּאָתָ֖⁠הּ (1)

Alternate translation: “whatever grows on the land”

Leviticus 25:8

seven sabbaths of years

Quote: שֶׁ֚בַע שַׁבְּתֹ֣ת הַ⁠שָּׁנִ֔ים (1)

Alternate translation: “seven sets of seven years”

Leviticus 25:9

in the seventh month, on the tenth of the month

Quote: בַּ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁבִעִ֔י בֶּ⁠עָשׂ֖וֹר לַ⁠חֹ֑דֶשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths

This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on Western calendars. (See: Hebrew Months)

in the seventh month, on the tenth of the month

Quote: בַּ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁבִעִ֔י בֶּ⁠עָשׂ֖וֹר לַ⁠חֹ֑דֶשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal

The words seventh and tenth are the ordinals of “seven” and “ten”. Alternate translation: “in month seven, on day ten of the month” (See: Ordinal Numbers)

On the Day of Atonement

Quote: בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ הַ⁠כִּפֻּרִ֔ים (1)

On ** the Day of Atonement** each year the high priest would make a sacrifice to Yahweh so that Yahweh would forgive all the sins of the people of Israel. See how you translated this in Leviticus 23:27.

Leviticus 25:10

It shall be a jubilee for you

Quote: יוֹבֵ֥ל הִוא֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה לָ⁠כֶ֔ם (1)

The Jubilee was a year when the Jews had to return land to its’ original owners and set slaves free. Alternate translation: “it will be a year of restoration for you” or “it will be a year for you to return land and free slaves”

Leviticus 25:11

A jubilee … shall be, … for you

Quote: יוֹבֵ֣ל & תִּהְיֶ֣ה לָ⁠כֶ֑ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

You can state clearly who they were returning the land to. Alternate translation: “will be a year for you to return the land to me” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 25:12

From the field you shall eat its produce

Quote: מִן־ הַ֨⁠שָּׂדֶ֔ה תֹּאכְל֖וּ אֶת־ תְּבוּאָתָֽ⁠הּ (1)

Yahweh did not allow the land owner to organize his workers and harvest the land as he did the other six years. However, he did allow individuals to go through the fields and eat what they find.

Leviticus 25:13

In this year of jubilee

Quote: בִּ⁠שְׁנַ֥ת הַ⁠יּוֹבֵ֖ל הַ⁠זֹּ֑את (1)

Alternate translation: “In this year of restoration” or “In this year to return land and free slaves”

Leviticus 25:18

And you shall do my statutes, and my judgments you shall keep and do them

Quote: וַ⁠עֲשִׂיתֶם֙ אֶת־ חֻקֹּתַ֔⁠י וְ⁠אֶת־ מִשְׁפָּטַ֥⁠י תִּשְׁמְר֖וּ וַ⁠עֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם אֹתָ֑⁠ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism

All of these phrases mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey everything Yahweh says. (See: Parallelism)

Leviticus 25:19

and you shall eat to satisfaction

Quote: וַ⁠אֲכַלְתֶּ֖ם לָ⁠שֹׂ֑בַע (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

This means that they would eat enough until their stomach was full. Alternate translation: “and you will eat till you are full” or “snd you will eat plenty” (See: Idiom)

Leviticus 25:20

you say

Quote: תֹאמְר֔וּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you

Here, you refers to the people of Israel. (See: Forms of You)

Leviticus 25:21

And I will command my blessing to you

Quote: וְ⁠צִוִּ֤יתִי אֶת־ בִּרְכָתִ⁠י֙ לָ⁠כֶ֔ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification

God speaks of Yahweh’s blessing as if it were a person that could obey him. Alternate translation: “Then I will send my blessing on you” or “Then I will bless you” (See: Personification)

Leviticus 25:23

And the land shall not be sold

Quote: וְ⁠הָ⁠אָ֗רֶץ לֹ֤א תִמָּכֵר֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not sell your land” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 25:24

you shall give redemption for the land

Quote: גְּאֻלָּ֖ה תִּתְּנ֥וּ לָ⁠אָֽרֶץ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word redemption, you can express the same idea with the verbs “redeem” or “buy back.” Alternate translation: “you must remember that the original owner has the right to redeem the land whenever he wants” (See: Abstract Nouns)

Leviticus 25:27

the years of its sale

Quote: אֶת־ שְׁנֵ֣י מִמְכָּר֔⁠וֹ (1)

Alternate translation: “the number of years since he sold the land”

and return the excess to the man that he sold to him

Quote: וְ⁠הֵשִׁיב֙ אֶת־ הָ֣⁠עֹדֵ֔ף לָ⁠אִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָֽכַר־ ל֑⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and repay to the purchaser who bought it the money the purchaser would have made” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 25:28

the year of jubilee

Quote: שְׁנַ֣ת הַ⁠יּוֹבֵ֑ל (1)

See how you translated this in Leviticus 25:10. Alternate translation: “the year of restoration” or “the year to return land”

and he shall return to his possession

Quote: וְ⁠שָׁ֖ב לַ⁠אֲחֻזָּתֽ⁠וֹ (1)

Alternate translation: “and he will go back to his land”

Leviticus 25:29

its redemption

Quote: גְּאֻלָּת֔⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

Leviticus 25:30

And if it is not redeemed

Quote: וְ⁠אִ֣ם לֹֽא־ יִגָּאֵ֗ל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if he or his family does not redeem the house” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 25:31

But houses of the villages which there {is} not a surrounding wall to them

Quote: וּ⁠בָתֵּ֣י הַ⁠חֲצֵרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֵין־ לָ⁠הֶ֤ם חֹמָה֙ סָבִ֔יב (1)

Some villages did not have a wall around them.

Leviticus 25:33

the sale of house

Quote: מִמְכַּר־ בַּ֛יִת (1)

Alternate translation: “a house that he has sold”

in the jubilee

Quote: בַּ⁠יֹּבֵ֑ל (1)

Alternate translation: “in the year of restoration” or “in the year to return land and free slaves”

it {is} their possession in the midst of the sons of Israel

Quote: הִ֚וא אֲחֻזָּתָ֔⁠ם בְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל (1)

The land of Canaan was divided up among the people of Israel, but of that land, the Levites were only given 48 cities with the fields around them. Alternate translation: “it is their part of the land that the Israelites possessed” or “it is their property in the land of Israel”

Leviticus 25:34

And a field of the pastureland of their cities shall not be sold

Quote: וּֽ⁠שְׂדֵ֛ה מִגְרַ֥שׁ עָרֵי⁠הֶ֖ם לֹ֣א יִמָּכֵ֑ר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the Levites must not sell the fields around their cities” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 25:36

You shall not take from him interest or profit

Quote: אַל־ תִּקַּ֤ח מֵֽ⁠אִתּ⁠וֹ֙ נֶ֣שֶׁךְ וְ⁠תַרְבִּ֔ית (1)

Alternate translation: “Do not make him pay you back more than what you lend him”

Leviticus 25:39

you shall not work him with the work of a slave

Quote: לֹא־ תַעֲבֹ֥ד בּ֖⁠וֹ עֲבֹ֥דַת עָֽבֶד (1)

The owner was to treat the Israelite with more respect than he would treat a slave.

Leviticus 25:40

Like a hired worker, like a temporary resident he shall be with you

Quote: כְּ⁠שָׂכִ֥יר כְּ⁠תוֹשָׁ֖ב יִהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֑⁠ךְ (1)

The owner was to treat the Israelite with more respect than he would treat a slave.

the year of jubilee

Quote: שְׁנַ֥ת הַ⁠יֹּבֵ֖ל (1)

Alternate translation: “the year of restoration” or “the year to return land and free slaves”

Leviticus 25:42

they {are} my servants

Quote: עֲבָדַ֣⁠י הֵ֔ם (1)

Alternate translation: “your fellow countrymen are my servants”

They shall not be sold {in} a sale of a slave

Quote: לֹ֥א יִמָּכְר֖וּ מִמְכֶּ֥רֶת עָֽבֶד (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 25:48

after he is sold, redemption may be to him. One from his brothers may redeem him

Quote: אַחֲרֵ֣י נִמְכַּ֔ר גְּאֻלָּ֖ה תִּהְיֶה־ לּ֑⁠וֹ אֶחָ֥ד מֵ⁠אֶחָ֖י⁠ו יִגְאָלֶֽ⁠נּוּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after the foreigner buys your fellow Israelite, someone in the Israelite’s family may buy him back” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 25:50

until the year of jubilee

Quote: עַ֖ד שְׁנַ֣ת הַ⁠יֹּבֵ֑ל (1)

An Israelite could be a slave only until the year of Jubilee. These instructions are for when an Israelite wanted to buy back his freedom before the year of Jubilee.

the year of jubilee

Quote: שְׁנַ֣ת הַ⁠יֹּבֵ֑ל (1)

Alternate translation: “the year of restoration” or “the year to return land and to free slaves”

by the number of years

Quote: בְּ⁠מִסְפַּ֣ר שָׁנִ֔ים (1)

Alternate translation: “according to the number of years until the jubilee that the Israelite would have continued to work but will not”

Like the days of a hired worker he shall be with him

Quote: כִּ⁠ימֵ֥י שָׂכִ֖יר יִהְיֶ֥ה עִמּֽ⁠וֹ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If the Israelite bought back his freedom, the foreigner would have to hire a servant to do the work that the Israelite would have done but will not. If your language does not use the passive verb hired in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “according to the rate a person would pay to hire a servant” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 25:51

he shall pay back

Quote: יָשִׁ֣יב (1)

Alternate translation: “the Israelite slave must pay back”

Leviticus 25:54

And if he is not redeemed by these {means

Quote: וְ⁠אִם־ לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל בְּ⁠אֵ֑לֶּה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If no one redeems him by these means” (See: Active or Passive)

And if he is not redeemed by these {means

Quote: וְ⁠אִם־ לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל בְּ⁠אֵ֑לֶּה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

You can state explicitly who he is to be redeemed from. Alternate translation: “If no one redeems him by these means from the one who bought him as a slave” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

then he shall go out in the year of jubilee, he and his sons with him

Quote: וְ⁠יָצָא֙ בִּ⁠שְׁנַ֣ת הַ⁠יֹּבֵ֔ל ה֖וּא וּ⁠בָנָ֥י⁠ו עִמּֽ⁠וֹ (1)

The Israelite slave and his children would serve the foreigner until the Year of Jubilee, and then the foreigner would have to set the Israelite and his children free.

Leviticus 25:55

the sons of Israel {are} servants to me

Quote: לִ֤⁠י בְנֵֽי־ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ עֲבָדִ֔ים (1)

This is the reason that God wanted the Israelites to be set free in the year of jubilee. They were his servants. They were not permitted to be anyone else’s permanent slave. Alternate translation: “it is to me that the people of Israel are servants”

Leviticus 26

Leviticus 26 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Worship only Yahweh

If people obey God and worship only him, he will bless and protect them. If people disobey his law and if they worship other gods, then he will severely punish them to help them to repent and begin obeying him. This takes the form of a promise. (See: law, law of Moses, law of Yahweh, law of God and repent, repentance and promise, promised)

Leviticus 26:1

[GL Quote Not Found!]

Quote: General Information: (0)

General Information:

Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.

Leviticus 26:2

My Sabbaths you shall keep

Quote: אֶת־ שַׁבְּתֹתַ֣⁠י תִּשְׁמֹ֔רוּ (1)

Alternate translation: “You must obey the rules for my Sabbaths”

Leviticus 26:3

you walk in my statutes and keep my commandments and do them

Quote: בְּ⁠חֻקֹּתַ֖⁠י תֵּלֵ֑כוּ וְ⁠אֶת־ מִצְוֺתַ֣⁠י תִּשְׁמְר֔וּ וַ⁠עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָֽ⁠ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism

These are three ways of saying the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey everything that God commands them to do. Alternate translation: “If you carefully obey my laws and commands” (See: Parallelism)

you walk in my statutes

Quote: בְּ⁠חֻקֹּתַ֖⁠י תֵּלֵ֑כוּ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Behaving according to the statutes is spoken of as if they were to walk in the laws. Alternate translation: “you behave according to my laws” or “you live according to my laws” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 26:5

and you will eat your bread to satisfaction

Quote: וַ⁠אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם לַחְמְ⁠כֶם֙ לָ⁠שֹׂ֔בַע (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche

Here bread represents food. Alternate translation: “will eat your food to satisfaction” (See: Synecdoche)

and you will eat your bread to satisfaction

Quote: וַ⁠אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם לַחְמְ⁠כֶם֙ לָ⁠שֹׂ֔בַע (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word satisfaction, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And you will eat food until you are satisfied” or “And you will have plenty of food to eat” (See: Abstract Nouns)

Leviticus 26:6

And I will give peace in the land

Quote: וְ⁠נָתַתִּ֤י שָׁלוֹם֙ בָּ⁠אָ֔רֶץ (1)

Alternate translation: “And I will cause there to be peace in the land”

and a sword will not pass through in your land

Quote: וְ⁠חֶ֖רֶב לֹא־ תַעֲבֹ֥ר בְּ⁠אַרְצְ⁠כֶֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here the word sword represents enemy armies or enemy attacks. Alternate translation: “and no armies will attack you” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 26:7

and they will fall to your faces to the sword

Quote: וְ⁠נָפְל֥וּ לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠כֶ֖ם לֶ⁠חָֽרֶב (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, fall represents dying, and the sword represents either attacking people with a sword or battle in general. Alternate translation: “and they will die when you attack them with the sword” or “and you will kill them in battle” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 26:8

And five from you will pursue a hundred, and a hundred from you will pursue ten thousand

Quote: וְ⁠רָדְפ֨וּ מִ⁠כֶּ֤ם חֲמִשָּׁה֙ מֵאָ֔ה וּ⁠מֵאָ֥ה מִ⁠כֶּ֖ם רְבָבָ֣ה יִרְדֹּ֑פוּ (1)

This means the Israelites will have victory against larger armies.

Leviticus 26:9

And I will turn to you

Quote: וּ⁠פָנִ֣יתִי אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֔ם (1)

Alternate translation: “And I will show you favor” or “And I will bless you”

and make you fruitful and multiply you

Quote: וְ⁠הִפְרֵיתִ֣י אֶתְ⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠הִרְבֵּיתִ֖י אֶתְ⁠כֶ֑ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet

These two phrases refer to God causing them to have many descendants so they become a large group. (See: Doublet)

and make you fruitful

Quote: וְ⁠הִפְרֵיתִ֣י אֶתְ⁠כֶ֔ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

God speaks of them having many children as if they were trees that bear a lot of fruit. Alternate translation: “and cause you to have many children” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 26:10

And you will eat old {grain that is} getting old

Quote: וַ⁠אֲכַלְתֶּ֥ם יָשָׁ֖ן נוֹשָׁ֑ן (1)

Alternate translation: “And you will have enough food stored to eat for a long time” or “And you will have enough food to store and eat it for a long time”

Leviticus 26:11

and my soul will not reject you

Quote: וְ⁠לֹֽא־ תִגְעַ֥ל נַפְשִׁ֖⁠י אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives

If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the double-negative not detest in positive form. Alternate translation: “and I will accept you” (See: Double Negatives)

Leviticus 26:12

And I will walk in your midst

Quote: וְ⁠הִתְהַלַּכְתִּי֙ בְּ⁠ת֣וֹכְ⁠כֶ֔ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Walking among them represents living with them. Alternate translation: “And I will live with you” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 26:13

and I broke the bars of your yoke

Quote: וָ⁠אֶשְׁבֹּר֙ מֹטֹ֣ת עֻלְּ⁠כֶ֔ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

God speaks of their slavery as if they had to wear a yoke that animals wear in order to do hard work. Breaking the bars of the yoke represents setting them free. Alternate translation: “I have set you free from the hard labor they made you do” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 26:16

And I will appoint over you terror

Quote: וְ⁠הִפְקַדְתִּ֨י עֲלֵי⁠כֶ֤ם בֶּֽהָלָה֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here, terror represents the things that will cause them to be terrified. Alternate translation: “I will send disasters that will terrify you” (See: Metaphor)

and causing life to pine away

Quote: וּ⁠מְדִיבֹ֣ת נָ֑פֶשׁ (1)

It is the diseases and the fever that will do this. Alternate translation: “and will slowly take away your life” or “and will slowly make you die”

And you shall sow your seed {in} vain

Quote: וּ⁠זְרַעְתֶּ֤ם לָ⁠רִיק֙ זַרְעֲ⁠כֶ֔ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

The phrase for nothing means that they would get nothing from their work. Alternate translation: “And you will plant your seeds in vain” or “And you will plant your seeds, but you will not get anything from them” (See: Idiom)

Leviticus 26:17

And I will set my face against you

Quote: וְ⁠נָתַתִּ֤י פָנַ⁠י֙ בָּ⁠כֶ֔ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

This idiom means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “And I have made up my mind to oppose you” (See: Idiom)

Leviticus 26:18

seven {times

Quote: שֶׁ֖בַע (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

Here, seven times is not literal. It means Yahweh will increase the severity of his punishment. (See: Idiom)

Leviticus 26:19

Then I will break the pride of your strength

Quote: וְ⁠שָׁבַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־ גְּא֣וֹן עֻזְּ⁠כֶ֑ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Using force to cause them not to be proud is spoken of as if he were to break their pride. Alternate translation: “And I will punish you and so end the pride that you feel about your power” or “And I will punish you so that you will no longer be proud of your power” (See: Metaphor)

and I will make your heavens like iron and your land like bronze

Quote: וְ⁠נָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־ שְׁמֵי⁠כֶם֙ כַּ⁠בַּרְזֶ֔ל וְ⁠אֶֽת־ אַרְצְ⁠כֶ֖ם כַּ⁠נְּחֻשָֽׁה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile

This means God will stop the rain from falling from the sky. This will make the ground hard so that people cannot plant seed or grow crops. (See: Simile)

Leviticus 26:20

And your strength shall be exhausted {in} vain

Quote: וְ⁠תַ֥ם לָ⁠רִ֖יק כֹּחֲ⁠כֶ֑ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Working very hard is spoken of as if they were to use all their strength until they had no more strength. (See: Metaphor)

And your strength shall be exhausted {in} vain

Quote: וְ⁠תַ֥ם לָ⁠רִ֖יק כֹּחֲ⁠כֶ֑ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

The phrase for nothing means that they would get nothing from working so hard. Alternate translation: “You will work very hard in vain” or “You will work very hard, but you will not receive anything good from working so hard” (See: Idiom)

Leviticus 26:21

you walk with me

Quote: תֵּֽלְכ֤וּ עִמִּ⁠י֙ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Walking represents behavior. To walk against God represents opposing him or rebelling against him. Alternate translation: “you rebel against me” (See: Metaphor)

then I will add on you a plague seven {times

Quote: וְ⁠יָסַפְתִּ֤י עֲלֵי⁠כֶם֙ מַכָּ֔ה שֶׁ֖בַע (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Yahweh causing disasters to happen to the Israelites is spoken of as if he would strike them with blows or hit them. Alternate translation: “I will cause seven times as many disasters to come against you” or “I will punish you seven times more severely” (See: Metaphor)

seven {times

Quote: שֶׁ֖בַע (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

Here, seven times is not literal. It means Yahweh will increase the severity of his punishment. (See: Idiom)

according to your sins

Quote: כְּ⁠חַטֹּאתֵי⁠כֶֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word sins, you can express the same idea with the verb “sin.” Alternate translation: “according to how much you have sinned” (See: Abstract Nouns)

Leviticus 26:22

and your roads will be desolate

Quote: וְ⁠נָשַׁ֖מּוּ דַּרְכֵי⁠כֶֽם (1)

Here, deserted means that there is no one there. Alternate translation: “And so no one will travel on your roads”

Leviticus 26:23

And if by these {things

Quote: וְ⁠אִ֨ם־ בְּ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה (1)

Alternate translation: “And if when I punish you like this” or “And if I discipline you like this and”

you will not accept my discipline

Quote: לֹ֥א תִוָּסְר֖וּ לִ֑⁠י (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Accepting his discipline represents responding rightly to it. In this case responding rightly to it is choosing to obey him. Alternate translation: “you still do not listen to my correction” or “you still do not obey me” (See: Metaphor)

but walk with me {in} hostility

Quote: וַ⁠הֲלַכְתֶּ֥ם עִמִּ֖⁠י קֶֽרִי (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

To walk represents behavior. Walking in opposition to him means opposing him or fighting against him. Alternate translation: “and you oppose me” or “and you fight against me” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 26:24

then I, I also will walk with you in hostility

Quote: וְ⁠הָלַכְתִּ֧י אַף־ אֲנִ֛י עִמָּ⁠כֶ֖ם בְּ⁠קֶ֑רִי (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

To walk represents behavior. Walking in opposition to him means opposing him or fighting against him. Alternate translation: “then I myself will also oppose you” or “ then I myself will also fight against you” (See: Metaphor)

and I, I also will strike you seven {times

Quote: וְ⁠הִכֵּיתִ֤י אֶתְ⁠כֶם֙ גַּם־ אָ֔נִי שֶׁ֖בַע (1)

The number seven represents completeness. Alternate translation: “And I will personally punish you many times” or “And I myself will punish you most severely”

for your sins

Quote: עַל־ חַטֹּאתֵי⁠כֶֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word sins, you can express the same idea with the verb “sin.” Alternate translation: “because you continue to sin against me” (See: Abstract Nouns)

Leviticus 26:25

And I will bring upon you a sword

Quote: וְ⁠הֵבֵאתִ֨י עֲלֵי⁠כֶ֜ם חֶ֗רֶב (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here the word sword represents an army or an attack from an army. Alternate translation: “And I will bring an enemy army against you” or “And I will cause an enemy army to attack you” (See: Metonymy)

avenging the vengeance of the covenant

Quote: נֹקֶ֨מֶת֙ נְקַם־ בְּרִ֔ית (1)

Alternate translation: “that will punish you because you broke the covenant”

and you will be gathered

Quote: וְ⁠נֶאֱסַפְתֶּ֖ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and you will gather together” or “and you will run to hide” (See: Active or Passive)

and you will be given into the hand of an enemy

Quote: וְ⁠נִתַּתֶּ֖ם בְּ⁠יַד־ אוֹיֵֽב (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here “into the hand” means “into the control” and refers to defeat by their enemy. Alternate translation: “and you will be place under the control of your enemy” (See: Metonymy)

and you will be given into the hand of an enemy

Quote: וְ⁠נִתַּתֶּ֖ם בְּ⁠יַד־ אוֹיֵֽב (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will deliver you into the hand of your enemy” or “I will allow your enemy to control you” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 26:26

When I break to you the staff of bread

Quote: בְּ⁠שִׁבְרִ֣⁠י לָ⁠כֶם֮ מַטֵּה־ לֶחֶם֒ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Destroying the food that people have stored or stopping people from being able to get it is spoken of as breaking the staff of their bread. Alternate translation: “When I destroy the food you have stored” or “When I cut off your food supply” (See: Metaphor)

then ten women will bake your bread in one oven

Quote: וְ֠⁠אָפוּ עֶ֣שֶׂר נָשִׁ֤ים לַחְמְ⁠כֶם֙ בְּ⁠תַנּ֣וּר אֶחָ֔ד (1)

This implies that there will be so little flour that one small oven will be able to hold all the bread that many women have to put into it.

and they will return your bread by weight

Quote: וְ⁠הֵשִׁ֥יבוּ לַחְמְ⁠כֶ֖ם בַּ⁠מִּשְׁקָ֑ל (1)

This means there will be so little bread that they will have to measure how much each person gets.

Leviticus 26:27

you will not listen to me

Quote: לֹ֥א תִשְׁמְע֖וּ לִ֑⁠י (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

To listen represents obeying what he has said. Alternate translation: “you do not obey me” (See: Metonymy)

but walk with me in hostility

Quote: וַ⁠הֲלַכְתֶּ֥ם עִמִּ֖⁠י בְּ⁠קֶֽרִי (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

To walk represents behavior. Walking against someone represents opposing him or fighting against him. Alternate translation: “and you oppose me” or “and you fight against me” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 26:28

then I will walk with you

Quote: וְ⁠הָלַכְתִּ֥י עִמָּ⁠כֶ֖ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

To walk represents behavior. Walking against someone represents opposing him or fighting against him. Alternate translation: “then I will oppose you” (See: Metaphor)

and I, I also will discipline you seven {times

Quote: וְ⁠יִסַּרְתִּ֤י אֶתְ⁠כֶם֙ אַף־ אָ֔נִי שֶׁ֖בַע (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

Here, seven times is not literal. It means Yahweh will increase the severity of his punishment. (See: Idiom)

Leviticus 26:30

And I will destroy your high places, and I will cut down your incense altars, and I will pile your corpses on the corpses of your idols

Quote: וְ⁠הִשְׁמַדְתִּ֞י אֶת־ בָּמֹֽתֵי⁠כֶ֗ם וְ⁠הִכְרַתִּי֙ אֶת־ חַמָּ֣נֵי⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠נָֽתַתִּי֙ אֶת־ פִּגְרֵי⁠כֶ֔ם עַל־ פִּגְרֵ֖י גִּלּוּלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Because God would send an army to do these things, he speaks as if he would do them. Alternate translation: “I will send an enemy army to destroy your high places, and cut down your incense altars, and put your corpses on the corpses of your idols” (See: Metonymy)

the corpses of your idols

Quote: פִּגְרֵ֖י גִּלּוּלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

God speaks of idols not being alive as if they had been alive and then died. Alternate translation: “your lifeless idols” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 26:31

And I will make your cities a waste, and I will make desolate your holy places

Quote: וְ⁠נָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־ עָֽרֵי⁠כֶם֙ חָרְבָּ֔ה וַ⁠הֲשִׁמּוֹתִ֖י אֶת־ מִקְדְּשֵׁי⁠כֶ֑ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Because God would send armies to do these things, he speaks as if he would do them. Alternate translation: “I will send enemy armies to turn your cities into ruins and destroy your sanctuaries” (See: Metonymy)

your holy places

Quote: אֶת־ מִקְדְּשֵׁי⁠כֶ֑ם (1)

These holy places were places where people worshiped idols instead of God.

and I will not smell your pleasing aromas

Quote: וְ⁠לֹ֣א אָרִ֔יחַ בְּ⁠רֵ֖יחַ נִיחֹֽחֲ⁠כֶֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Normally the Lord’s pleasure with the aroma represents his pleasure with those who burn the offering. But in this case, people would burn offerings, but God would not be pleased with them. Alternate translation: “You will burn offerings, but I will not be pleased with you” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 26:33

and I will draw out a sword after you

Quote: וַ⁠הֲרִיקֹתִ֥י אַחֲרֵי⁠כֶ֖ם חָ֑רֶב (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

To ** unsheathe a sword** represents sending armies to chase them. Alternate translation: “and I will send enemy armies to chase you” or “and I will send enemy armies to attack you with their swords” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 26:34

Then the land will enjoy its sabbaths

Quote: אָז֩ תִּרְצֶ֨ה הָ⁠אָ֜רֶץ אֶת־ שַׁבְּתֹתֶ֗י⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification

The people were supposed to obey the sabbath law by not farming the land every seventh year. God speaks about this as if the land were a person that would obey the sabbath law and rest. Alternate translation: “Then the land will rest according to the sabbath law” or “Then, as required by the sabbath law, the land will not be farmed” (See: Personification)

Leviticus 26:35

it will rest

Quote: תִּשְׁבֹּ֑ת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification

God speaks about the land not being farmed as if it were a person that would rest. Alternate translation: “it will not be farmed” (See: Personification)

Leviticus 26:36

and I will bring faintness into their heart

Quote: וְ⁠הֵבֵ֤אתִי מֹ֨רֶךְ֙ בִּ⁠לְבָבָ֔⁠ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

To bring despair into their hearts represents making them afraid. Alternate translation: “I will make you terribly afraid” (See: Metaphor)

as} fleeing from a sword

Quote: מְנֻֽסַת־ חֶ֛רֶב (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

The sword represents either someone who is ready to kill using a sword or an attack from an enemy army. Alternate translation: “as though you were fleeing from someone who was chasing you with a sword” or “as though you were fleeing from an enemy army” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 26:37

as from the face of a sword

Quote: כְּ⁠מִ⁠פְּנֵי־ חֶ֖רֶב (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

The sword represents either someone who is ready to kill using a sword or an attack from an enemy army. Alternate translation: “as though you were running away from someone who was chasing you with a sword” or “as though you were running away from an enemy army” (See: Metonymy)

power to stand to the face of your enemies

Quote: תְּקוּמָ֔ה לִ⁠פְנֵ֖י אֹֽיְבֵי⁠כֶֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Standing before the enemies represents not falling when the enemies attack and fighting against them. Alternate translation: “power to resist your enemies when they attack you” or “power to fight back against your enemies” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 26:38

and the land of your enemies will consume you

Quote: וְ⁠אָכְלָ֣ה אֶתְ⁠כֶ֔ם אֶ֖רֶץ אֹיְבֵי⁠כֶֽם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification

Yahweh speaks about the enemies’ land as if it were a wild animal that would eat the Israelites. The word devour emphasizes that most of the Israelites will die there. Alternate translation: “and you will die in your enemies’ land” (See: Personification)

Leviticus 26:39

And the remaining in you

Quote: וְ⁠הַ⁠נִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים בָּ⁠כֶ֗ם (1)

Alternate translation: “And those of you who do not die”

will rot away in their iniquity

Quote: יִמַּ֨קּוּ֙ בַּֽ⁠עֲוֺנָ֔⁠ם (1)

To rot in their * iniquity** represents wasting away because of their sins.

in the iniquities of their fathers

Quote: בַּ⁠עֲוֺנֹ֥ת אֲבֹתָ֖⁠ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, their fathers represents their ancestors. (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 26:40

the iniquity of their fathers

Quote: עֲוֺ֣ן אֲבֹתָ֔⁠ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, their fathers represents their ancestors. (See: Metonymy)

in their unfaithfulness which they were unfaithful to me

Quote: בְּ⁠מַעֲלָ֖⁠ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָֽעֲלוּ־ בִ֑⁠י (1)

Alternate translation: “the way that they were unfaithful to me and tuned against me after I had been so good to them”

Leviticus 26:41

I walked with them in hostility

Quote: אֵלֵ֤ךְ עִמָּ⁠ם֙ בְּ⁠קֶ֔רִי (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

To go against them represents opposing them. Alternate translation: “opposed them” (See: Metaphor)

if then their uncircumcised heart is humbled

Quote: אוֹ־ אָ֣ז יִכָּנַ֗ע לְבָבָ⁠ם֙ הֶֽ⁠עָרֵ֔ל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche

Here the term uncircumcised hearts refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “if they will be humble instead of stubbornly disobedient” (See: Synecdoche)

Leviticus 26:42

then I will remember my covenant with Jacob

Quote: וְ⁠זָכַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־ בְּרִיתִ֣⁠י יַעֲק֑וֹב (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, remember represents fulfilling his covenant. Alternate translation: “then I will fulfill the covenant I made with Jacob” (See: Metonymy)

and the land I will remember

Quote: וְ⁠הָ⁠אָ֥רֶץ אֶזְכֹּֽר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, remember represents fulfilling his promise concerning the land. Alternate translation: “And I will fulfill my promise about the land” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 26:43

And the land will be deserted by them

Quote: וְ⁠הָ⁠אָרֶץ֩ תֵּעָזֵ֨ב מֵ⁠הֶ֜ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

and will enjoy its sabbaths

Quote: וְ⁠תִ֣רֶץ אֶת־ שַׁבְּתֹתֶ֗י⁠הָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification

Yahweh speaks about the land as if it were a person who will rejoice about resting, because no one will be planting seed or growing crops on it. This will allow the land to become more fertile. Alternate translation: “so it will benefit from the sabbaths” (See: Personification)

Leviticus 26:45

But I will remember for them the covenant of the first

Quote: וְ⁠זָכַרְתִּ֥י לָ⁠הֶ֖ם בְּרִ֣ית רִאשֹׁנִ֑ים (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, remember represents fulfilling his covenant. Alternate translation: “And I will fulfill my covenant with their ancestors” (See: Metonymy)

to the eyes of the nations

Quote: לְ⁠עֵינֵ֣י הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֗ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here , eyes represents the knowledge of the nations. Alternate translation: “in the knowledge of the nations” or “and the nations knew about it” (See: Metonymy)

the nations

Quote: הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֗ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, nations represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations” (See: Metonymy)

Leviticus 27

Leviticus 27 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Dedicated to Yahweh

This chapter records the manner in which people make vows of dedication to Yahweh. There are many reasons why a person would dedicate something to Yahweh. (See: INVALID bible/kt/vow)

Leviticus 27:2

A man when he makes extraordinary a vow, by your valuation of persons to Yahweh

Quote: אִ֕ישׁ כִּ֥י יַפְלִ֖א נֶ֑דֶר בְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֥ נְפָשֹׁ֖ת לַֽ⁠יהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

In this case the vow would involve giving oneself or another person to God. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “If anyone vows to give someone to Yahweh” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

by your valuation of persons

Quote: בְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֥ נְפָשֹׁ֖ת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Instead of giving the person, he would give the Lord a certain amount of silver. Alternate translation: “according to the following values for the person” or “according to the following amounts of silver instead of the person” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

Leviticus 27:3

your valuation of … your valuation

Quote: עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֙ & עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֗ (1)

Alternate translation: “the amount … the amount”

50 shekels of silver

Quote: חֲמִשִּׁ֛ים שֶׁ֥קֶל כֶּ֖סֶף (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight

If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “50 pieces of silver, each of which weighs ten grams” or “500 grams of silver” (See: Biblical Weight)

by the shekel of the holy place

Quote: בְּ⁠שֶׁ֥קֶל הַ⁠קֹּֽדֶשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight

There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. It weighed about 11 grams. Alternate translation: “the kind of shekel that is used in the sanctuary” or “the weight that is used in the sanctuary” (See: Biblical Weight)

Leviticus 27:4

30 shekels

Quote: שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים שָֽׁקֶל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight

If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “30 pieces of silver, each of which weighs ten grams” or “300 grams of silver” (See: Biblical Weight)

Leviticus 27:5

your valuation

Quote: עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֛ (1)

Alternate translation: “the amount you must pay”

20 shekels

Quote: עֶשְׂרִ֣ים שְׁקָלִ֑ים (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight

If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “20 pieces of silver” or “200 grams of silver” (See: Biblical Weight)

and for the female ten shekels

Quote: וְ⁠לַ⁠נְּקֵבָ֖ה עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת שְׁקָלִֽים (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis

The phrases “of that age” and “your standard value must be” are left out, but are meant to be understood. Alternate translation: “for the female of that age your standard value must be ten shekels” (See: Ellipsis)

ten shekels

Quote: עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת שְׁקָלִֽים (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight

If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “ten pieces of silver” or “100 grams of silver” (See: Biblical Weight)

Leviticus 27:6

five shekels of silver

Quote: חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה שְׁקָלִ֖ים כָּ֑סֶף (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight

If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “five pieces of silver” or “50 grams of silver” (See: Biblical Weight)

three shekels of silver

Quote: שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת שְׁקָלִ֖ים כָּֽסֶף (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight

If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “three pieces of silver” or “30 grams of silver” (See: Biblical Weight)

Leviticus 27:7

60 years and upward

Quote: שִׁשִּׁ֨ים שָׁנָ֤ה וָ⁠מַ֨עְלָ⁠ה֙ (1)

Alternate translation: “60 years old and older”

15 shekels

Quote: חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר שָׁ֑קֶל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight

If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “15 pieces of silver” or “150 grams of silver” (See: Biblical Weight)

and for the female ten shekels

Quote: וְ⁠לַ⁠נְּקֵבָ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֥ה שְׁקָלִֽים (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis

The phrases “of that age” and “your standard value must be” are left out, but are meant to be understood. Alternate translation: “for a female of that age your standard value must be ten shekels” (See: Ellipsis)

Leviticus 27:10

then it shall be {that} it and its substitute shall be holy

Quote: וְ⁠הָֽיָה־ ה֥וּא וּ⁠תְמוּרָת֖⁠וֹ יִֽהְיֶה־ קֹּֽדֶשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will set apart both it and the one he exchanges it for” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 27:11

And if {it is} any unclean animal which they shall not present from it a present to Yahweh

Quote: וְ⁠אִם֙ כָּל־ בְּהֵמָ֣ה טְמֵאָ֔ה אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹא־ יַקְרִ֧יבוּ מִמֶּ֛⁠נָּה קָרְבָּ֖ן לַֽ⁠יהוָ֑ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

If Yahweh will not accept a certain animal as an offering, the animal is spoken of as if it were physically dirty. It may be unclean because it is a certain kind of animal or because it has a defect. Alternate translation: “And if it is in fact one that Yahweh will not accept” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 27:12

According to your valuation

Quote: כְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֥ (1)

This refers to the value the animal is normally worth when someone buys or sells it.

Leviticus 27:13

redeeming he will redeem it

Quote: גָּאֹ֖ל יִגְאָלֶ֑⁠נָּה (1)

Alternate translation: “he every buys it back”

Leviticus 27:15

then he shall add a fifth of the silver of your valuation upon it

Quote: וְ֠⁠יָסַף חֲמִישִׁ֧ית כֶּֽסֶף־ עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֛ עָלָ֖י⁠ו (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction

A fifth is a part of something that is divided into five equal parts. Alternate translation: “then he must divide the value of the house into five equal parts, add the amount equal to one of those parts, and pay all of it” (See: Fractions)

Leviticus 27:16

then your valuation will be to the mouth of its seed, seed of a homer of barley at 50 shekels of silver

Quote: וְ⁠הָיָ֥ה עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֖ לְ⁠פִ֣י זַרְע֑⁠וֹ זֶ֚רַע חֹ֣מֶר שְׂעֹרִ֔ים בַּ⁠חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים שֶׁ֥קֶל כָּֽסֶף (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, a homer of barley seed represents a piece of land that would need one homer of barley in order to plant on all of it. Alternate translation: “then you will value a piece of land that requires one homer of barley in order to plant all of it at 50 shekels of silver” or ‘then the value of land that requires one homer of barley will be 50 shekels” (See: Metonymy)

a homer of

Quote: חֹ֣מֶר (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume

A homer is 220 liters. (See: Biblical Volume)

at 50 shekels of silver

Quote: בַּ⁠חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים שֶׁ֥קֶל כָּֽסֶף (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight

If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two way of doing it. Alternate translation: “50 pieces of silver, each of which weighs ten grams” or “500 grams of silver” (See: Biblical Weight)

Leviticus 27:17

from the year of the jubilee

Quote: מִ⁠שְּׁנַ֥ת הַ⁠יֹּבֵ֖ל (1)

The Jubilee occurs every 50 years. See how you translated Jubilee in Leviticus 25:10.

according to your valuation it will stand

Quote: כְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֖ יָקֽוּם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here, stand represents “remain” or “remain the same.” Alternate translation: “its value will remain the same” or “its value will be the full amount” (See: Metaphor)

Leviticus 27:18

and it shall be subtracted from your valuation

Quote: וְ⁠נִגְרַ֖ע מֵֽ⁠עֶרְכֶּֽ⁠ךָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he must reduce the estimated value” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 27:20

And if he does not redeem the field

Quote: וְ⁠אִם־ לֹ֤א יִגְאַל֙ אֶת־ הַ⁠שָּׂדֶ֔ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

The time for redeeming the field can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “And if he does not redeem the field before the year of Jubilee” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

it shall not be redeemed again

Quote: לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל עֽוֹד (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he can no longer buy it back” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 27:21

in the jubilee

Quote: בַ⁠יֹּבֵ֗ל (1)

The Jubilee was a year when the Jews had to return land to its original owners and set slaves free. See how you translated it in Leviticus 25:13. Alternate translation: “in the year of restoration” or “the year for you to return land and free slaves”

devotion

Quote: הַ⁠חֵ֑רֶם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that someone has completely given to Yahweh” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 27:24

to him from whom he bought it, to whom to him {is} the possession of the land

Quote: לַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר קָנָ֖⁠הוּ מֵ⁠אִתּ֑⁠וֹ לַ⁠אֲשֶׁר־ ל֖⁠וֹ אֲחֻזַּ֥ת הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ (1)

These two phases refer to the same person. Normally the land would be bought from its owner.

Leviticus 27:25

by the shekel of the holy place

Quote: בְּ⁠שֶׁ֣קֶל הַ⁠קֹּ֑דֶשׁ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight

There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. (See: Biblical Weight)

the shekel shall be 20 gerahs

Quote: עֶשְׂרִ֥ים גֵּרָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֥ה הַ⁠שָּֽׁקֶל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight

The purpose of this sentence is to tell how much the sanctuary shekel weighs. The gerah was the smallest unit of weight that the Israelites used. Alternate translation: “one shekel must equal 20 gerahs” (See: Biblical Weight)

the shekel shall be 20 gerahs

Quote: עֶשְׂרִ֥ים גֵּרָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֥ה הַ⁠שָּֽׁקֶל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight

If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here is a way to do it. Alternate translation: “one shekel must weigh ten grams” (See: Biblical Weight)

Leviticus 27:26

a man shall not consecrate it

Quote: לֹֽא־ יַקְדִּ֥ישׁ אִ֖ישׁ אֹת֑⁠וֹ (1)

Alternate translation: “no one may set it apart to Yahweh”

Leviticus 27:27

And if it is not redeemed

Quote: וְ⁠אִם־ לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if the person does not buy back the animal” (See: Active or Passive)

then it shall be sold at your valuation

Quote: וְ⁠נִמְכַּ֥ר בְּ⁠עֶרְכֶּֽ⁠ךָ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then the priest must sell it at the set value” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 27:28

any devoted thing which a man will devote to Yahweh from all which {belongs} to him, from man and animal and from field of his possession, it shall not be sold and it shall not be redeemed

Quote: כָּל־ חֵ֡רֶם אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַחֲרִם֩ אִ֨ישׁ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֜ה מִ⁠כָּל־ אֲשֶׁר־ ל֗⁠וֹ מֵ⁠אָדָ֤ם וּ⁠בְהֵמָה֙ וּ⁠מִ⁠שְּׂדֵ֣ה אֲחֻזָּת֔⁠וֹ לֹ֥א יִמָּכֵ֖ר וְ⁠לֹ֣א יִגָּאֵ֑ל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one may sell or redeem anything a man has devoted to Yahweh, from all that he has, whether it is a human, an animal, or his family land” or “if a man devotes to Yahweh anything he has, whether human or animal, or his family land, no one may sell or redeem it” (See: Active or Passive)

Every devoted thing, it {is} a holy thing of holy things to Yahweh

Quote: כָּל־ חֵ֕רֶם קֹֽדֶשׁ־ קָֽדָשִׁ֥ים ה֖וּא לַ⁠יהוָֽה (1)

Alternate translation: “Everything that anyone devotes to Yahweh is very holy to Yahweh”

Leviticus 27:29

All devoted ones who are devoted to destruction

Quote: כָּל־ חֵ֗רֶם אֲשֶׁ֧ר יָחֳרַ֛ם (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Why a person would be dedicated to destruction can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Any person whom Yahweh has determined should die because of his sin” (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

shall not be ransomed

Quote: לֹ֣א יִפָּדֶ֑ה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “no one may pay a ransom for it” (See: Active or Passive)

dying he shall be put to death

Quote: מ֖וֹת יוּמָֽת (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

Leviticus 27:31

And if redeeming a man will redeem from his tithe

Quote: וְ⁠אִם־ גָּאֹ֥ל יִגְאַ֛ל אִ֖ישׁ מִ⁠מַּֽעַשְׂר֑⁠וֹ (1)

Alternate translation: “And if a man wants to buy back any of his tithe”

Leviticus 27:32

all which passes under the rod

Quote: כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־ יַעֲבֹ֖ר תַּ֣חַת הַ⁠שָּׁ֑בֶט (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

This refers to the way they would count their animals. Alternate translation: “any animals you count by raising your shepherd rod and having them walk under it to the other side” or “any animals you count” (See: Metonymy)

the tenth will be holy to Yahweh

Quote: הָֽ⁠עֲשִׂירִ֕י יִֽהְיֶה־ קֹּ֖דֶשׁ לַֽ⁠יהוָֽה (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must set apart one-tenth to Yahweh” (See: Active or Passive)

the tenth

Quote: הָֽ⁠עֲשִׂירִ֕י (1)

Alternate translation: “every tenth animal”

Leviticus 27:33

then it shall be {that} it and its substitute shall be holy

Quote: וְ⁠הָֽיָה־ ה֧וּא וּ⁠תְמוּרָת֛⁠וֹ יִֽהְיֶה־ קֹ֖דֶשׁ (1)

Alternate translation: “then you will set apart both animals”

It shall not be redeemed

Quote: לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵֽל (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He cannot redeem it” or “He cannot buy it back” (See: Active or Passive)

Leviticus 27:34

These {are} the commandments

Quote: אֵ֣לֶּה הַ⁠מִּצְוֺ֗ת (1)

This is a summary statement. It refers to the commandments that were given in the past chapters.

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Leviticus

Leviticus front

Introduction to Leviticus

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of Leviticus

What is the book of Leviticus about?

How should the title of this book be translated?

Who wrote the book of Leviticus?

What is the meaning of “holy” and “holiness” in the book of Leviticus?

What are the important narrative features of Leviticus?

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

Why did the Israelites need so many rules about sacrificing animals?

Why was the priesthood important in the book of Leviticus?

How did the Israelite’s rules for worshiping God and sacrificing animals differ from the other nations at that time?

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

What important symbols are introduced in Leviticus?

Why do many sections begin with the phrase “Yahweh said to Moses?”

Leviticus 1

Leviticus 1 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Atonement

Leviticus 1:1

Yahweh

Leviticus 1:2

A man from you, when he presents

Leviticus 1:3

his offering {… he shall present it, … he shall present

for its acceptance to the face of Yahweh

Leviticus 1:4

And he shall lay his hand on the head of

And it shall be accepted for him

Leviticus 1:5

And he shall slaughter

to the face of Yahweh

And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall present the blood

Leviticus 1:6

And he shall skin the burnt offering and he shall cut it into its pieces

And he shall skin

Leviticus 1:7

And the sons of Aaron the priest shall put fire on the altar, and they shall arrange wood on the fire

Leviticus 1:9

And he shall wash its innards and its legs with water

And … its innards

he shall wash

a gift of

a scent of pleasing to Yahweh

Leviticus 1:11

to the face of Yahweh

Leviticus 1:12

And he shall cut it

into its pieces and its head and its suet. … on the wood that {is} on the fire that {is} on the altar

Leviticus 1:13

And the innards and the legs he shall wash with water. … is} a burnt offering, a gift of a scent of pleasing

a scent of pleasing to Yahweh

a gift of

Leviticus 1:15

and he shall twist off its head

And its blood shall be drained

Leviticus 1:16

And he shall remove

its craw

its craw with its feathers

Leviticus 1:17

a scent of pleasing to Yahweh

It {is} a burnt offering, a gift of

Leviticus 2

Leviticus 2 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Yeast

Leviticus 2:1

[GL Quote Not Found!]

General Information:

flour

Leviticus 2:2

and he shall grab from there, {with} the fullness of his handful

its memorial portion

a scent of pleasing to Yahweh