Leviticus
Leviticus front
Introduction to Leviticus
Part 1: General Introduction
Outline of Leviticus
- Instructions to the Israelites about offerings (1:1–6:7)
- Burnt offerings (1:1–17)
- Grain offerings (2:1–16)
- Fellowship offerings (3:1–17)
- Offerings for unintentional sins (4:1–5:13)
- Guilt offerings (5:14–6:7)
- Instructions to the priests about offerings (6:8–7:10)
- Burnt offerings (6:8–13)
- Grain offerings (6:14–23)
- Sin offerings (6:24–30)
- Guilt offerings (7:1–10)
- Further instructions to the Israelites (7:11–7:38)
- Peace offerings (7:11–21)
- Eating fat and blood forbidden (7:22–27)
- The share for the priests (7:28–7:38)
- Setting apart the priests (8:1–10:20)
- Aaron and his sons ordained (8:1–36)
- Aaron as high priest (9:1–24)
- Nadab and Abihu punished (10:1–20)
- Laws about clean and unclean things (11:1–15:33)
- Clean and unclean food (11:1–47)
- Women purified after giving birth to a child (12:1–8)
- Skin, clothing, houses (13:1–14:47)
- Bodily fluids (15:1–33)
- Day of Atonement; the place of the offering; the nature of blood (16:1–17:16)
- Setting apart for worship and service; being disqualified from service (18:1–24:23)
- The years of rest and release (25:1–55)
- Blessing for obeying and curses for not obeying (26:1–46)
- Gifts to God (27:1–34)
What is the book of Leviticus about?
In the book of Leviticus, God continues to give laws through Moses to the people of Israel. The people were to obey all of these laws to honor their covenant with God.
How should the title of this book be translated?
“Leviticus” means “about the Levites.” The Levites were the tribe of Israel that provided priests and other workers in the tabernacle. If the people in the project language do not understand the term “Levites,” you can call it “The Book about the Priests” or “The Book about the Tabernacle Workers.” (See: скінія and Как переводить имена и названия)
Who wrote the book of Leviticus?
What is the meaning of “holy” and “holiness” in the book of Leviticus?
These terms concern separating someone or something from the rest of the people, from the world, or from ordinary use. God separated these people or things so they would belong only to him. The people were to consider the places for worshiping God or for honoring him in any way as separate. The people could not use them for anything else. God required the Israelites to live in a certain way in order to live as a nation belonging to him alone.
Anyone or anything that was acceptable to God or “holy” was spoken of as if it were physically clean.
In the same way, anyone or anything that was not acceptable to God or not holy was spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
Some people and some things could be made clean or “cleansed,” that is, acceptable to God. People or things were made clean if the people performed the right sacrifices and ceremonies. For example, some foreigners who wished to live among the Israelites and worship Yahweh could be made clean. However, other people and things could never be made acceptable to him.
It is important to know that not all unclean things or conditions were sinful. For example, after giving birth to a male child, a woman would be unclean for 33 days. Then the proper animal sacrifice would be offered for her. The flow of blood made the woman unclean (Leviticus 12:7). But Leviticus never suggests that someone with a flow of blood was sinning. In the same way, God did not allow Israelites to eat many kinds of animals, as one way of setting his people apart.
Because God does not sin, the terms “holy” and “holiness” often suggest this same idea. Something belonging to God is holy. Because people must respect God, they must respect the things that belong to him.
What are the important narrative features of Leviticus?
On 17 occasions, the phrase “The Lord said to Moses” (and sometimes Aaron) is often used to begin paragraphs. God and Moses frequently spoke to others. The verb “speak” is used thirty-eight times.
Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
What was the “tent of meeting”
[TEXT]
Why did the Israelites need so many rules about sacrificing animals?
Leviticus shows that God is holy. That means God is very different from humanity and the rest of the created world. God does not sin. Because of this, it is impossible to be acceptable to him without being “cleansed.” The many kinds of sacrifices were meant to make people and things acceptable to God. However, the people had to continue making animal sacrifices so that they would continue to be acceptable to God. This was a sign that pointed to a need for a better sacrifice. They needed a sacrifice that would cause them to be acceptable to God forever. (See: святість, святий, освячення, святиня and грішити, грішити, гріх, гріхи, грішник)
Why was the priesthood important in the book of Leviticus?
Priests were individuals who went to God on behalf of the people. God authorized the priests to bring the Israelite’s sacrifices to himself.
How did the Israelite’s rules for worshiping God and sacrificing animals differ from rules of the other nations at that time?
It was common for other nations to sacrifice animals to their idols. But, the other nations did other things to worship their false gods. For instance, people would sleep with prostitutes at the temple of their gods. They did this to try to persuade their gods to bless their land with the ability to grow crops. Also, people of other nations would sometimes offer human sacrifices to their gods. The God of Israel did not allow his people to do these kinds of things.
Part 3: Important Translation Issues
“To the face of Yahweh”
Throughout the book as a whole, the author of Leviticus uses the common idiom “to the face of Yahweh” as a metaphor that means “where Yahweh can see” or “in the sight” or “in the presence of Yahweh,” similar to the English preposition “before.” Sight, in turn, means attention, perspective, and judgment. In the context of Leviticus, "in the presence" or "sight of Yahweh" means to be within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting. You can translate this expression as “from Yahweh’s perspective,” “in Yahweh's presence,” or simply as “before Yahweh.”
“Unblemished” or “perfect”
When the book of Leviticus calls something perfect (in the ULT), it refers to a sacrificial animal that is the best representative animal of that species. As such, the word perfect refers to wholeness, completeness, and perfection. This is often translated with negative terms like “unblemished.” If it would be more natural in your language, consider using terms that carry these same meanings. Alternate translation: “a whole male” or “a complete male” or “a healthy male”
What important symbols are introduced in Leviticus?
Oil was poured on someone or something meant to be set apart for Yahweh. Water was used to symbolize the cleansing of someone or something so God could accept them. Blood was also used to cleanse and purify people and things. This is because blood represented life that needed to be shed in order for God to forgive people for sinning.
Why do many sections begin with the phrase “Yahweh said to Moses”?
This phrase shows the reader that these rules come from God and must be obeyed. You could also translate this as “God told Moses.”
Leviticus 1
Leviticus 1 General Notes
Structure and Formatting
In Hebrew, this chapter begins with the word “And,” indicating a connection with the previous book (Exodus). The first five books of the Bible should be seen as a single unit.
This chapter is comprised of two hypothetical scenarios representing three variations of the burnt offering: an offering of either:
As such, the intial heading verse of each section begins with If and is followed by the prescribed steps of the sacrifice. Presumably, they are the same for each burnt offering, but more prescriptions are explicit for the first type of burnt offering, the bovine, probably because they are implied for the other two possible burnt offerings. The steps of the sacrificial process for burnt offerings is:
- 1) Selecting a perfect, unblemished, and otherwise completely healthy animal (1:3, 10, 14)
- 2) Presenting the animal at the entrance to the tent of meeting (1:3)
- 3) Laying hands on the animal (1:4)
- 4) Killing the animal (1:5, 11, 15)
- 5) Presenting and sprinkling the animal's blood on the altar (1:5, 11, 15)
- 6) Skinning the animal (1:6)
- 7) Butchering the animal into its appropriate pieces, usually the head, fat, intestines, and legs (1:6, 12, 16–17)
- 8) Putting fire on the altar and arranging the wood (1:7)
- 9) Arranging the pieces, specifically the head and the fat, of the sacrifice on the burning wood of the altar (1:8, 12)
- 10) Washing the legs and the intestines (1:9, 13)
- 11) Burning the entire animal in a way that causes smoke to go up (1:9, 13, 17
Special Concepts in this Chapter
[INTRODUCTORY TEXT]
Atonement
The word translated atone in the ULT is a standard technical term expressing the act of atonement. Traditionally, it has been understood as a metaphor with the basic meaning of “covering,” but more recently, some scholars have understood it to express the image of “wiping.” If the former, then the metaphor pictures the sacrifice as covering up defiling sin with blood. If the latter, then the metaphor pictures the blood as a detergent that cleanses the person or object from the defiling presence of sin. Either way, the sacrifice is here accepted in order to restore the relationship between the worshiper and Yahweh that has been damaged or defiled because of sin.
In order to offer a sacrifice for the people, the priest first had to make an atonement for himself, in order to make himself clean. Only then would he be clean and be allowed to perform a sacrifice. These sacrificed animals had to be perfect, the best of all of the animals. A person was not allowed to bring an inferior animal to be sacrificed to Yahweh. These sacrifices also had to be offered in a very specific way. (See: спокута, спокутувати, викуплений, викуплений and священик and очищати, чистий, омовіння)
The importance of blood
[TEXT]
Ritual or symbolic action
[TEXT]
Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter
[INTRODUCTORY TEXT]
“To the face of Yahweh”
Throughout this chapter, and the book as a whole, the author of Leviticus uses the common idiom “to the face of Yahweh” as a metaphor that means “where Yahweh can see” or “in the sight” or “in the presence of Yahweh,” similar to the English preposition “before.” Sight, in turn, means attention, perspective, and judgment. In the context of Leviticus, "in the presence" or "sight of Yahweh" means to be within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting. You can translate this expression as “from Yahweh’s perspective,” “in Yahweh's presence,” or simply as “before Yahweh.”
“Pleasing smell to Yahweh”
[INSERT TEXT]
Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter
[INTRODUCTORY TEXT]
The referent of the pronouns
Throughout this chapter, the author of Leviticus uses a third-person pronoun to refer to both the worshipper who offers the sacrifices and to the priest. As such, it is often difficult (but not impossible) to infer which party performs which actions. In general, the sacrifice is offered to the priest, but the one offering the sacrifice is responsible for killing, butchering, and presenting the sacrificial animal. The only exception to this rule is the instruction for offering a bird (1:14–17), which specifies that is it the priest who brings the bird to the altar (1:14) before, presumably, completing the preparation for its being burned on the altar as a burnt offering. When there is ambiguity in which party is the proper referent of the pronoun, the notes will specify and offer an alternate translation.
Second and third-person address
The entire chapter is addressed to the people of God, covering two hypothetical scenarios when someone might offer three variations of the burnt offering. However, the person addressed in the chapter varies in the first second verse. Initially, God addresses a man from you in the third-person, but then switches to a second-person address (you will offer) to indiciate the imperatival force of the statement. The ensuing string of third-person verbs (1:3–17) carry the same imperatival weight of the intial second-person verb. Thus, because in this chapter his and he refer to the person bringing an offering to Yahweh, it can be translated in the second person as it is in Leviticus 1:2 and as the UST models. The pronoun used to the refer to the worshipper switches as follows:
Technical sacrificial terminology
[INTRODUCTORY TEXT]
The “burnt offering”
[TEXT]
The “gift” or “offering made by fire”
[TEXT]
Leviticus 1:1
from the tent of meeting
Quote: מֵאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession
The author of Leviticus is using the possessive to describe Yahweh meeting with Moses (and, by extension, the whole people) within the physical location of the tent. If this is not clear in your language, you could use an adjective that better describes the locale of divine presence. Alternative translation: “from the tent where Yahweh met with Moses and lived among the Israelites”
saying
Quote: לֵאמֹֽר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations
The word translated saying introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language.
Leviticus 1:1-2
saying … Speak to the sons of Israel, and you will say to them
Quote: לֵאמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes
If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He told Moses to speak to the sons of Israel and to say to them”
Leviticus 1:2
Speak to … and you will say to them
Quote: דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־ & וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet
These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition emphasizes that Moses is to deliver the following speech to the people of Israel. (The speech makes up the rest of the book except for the last verse.) If your language does not use repetition for emphasis, you could use a single phrase and convey the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Make sure you say this to”
the sons of Israel
Quote: בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
This expression speaks of the people of Israel in the time of Moses as if they were literally the sons of Israel. It means that they are the physical and spiritual descendants of Jacob, whose name God changed to Israel. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Israel”
the sons of Israel
Quote: בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations
Although the word translated sons is masculine and plural, it has a generic sense that applies to both men and women. In your translation, you may wish to use a term that is clearly inclusive of men and women. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
and you will say
Quote: וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative
As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, here and throughout the book, the author of Leviticus uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these verbs using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “and say”
A man from you
Quote: אָדָ֗ם & מִכֶּ֛ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person
As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address to them. Here and throughout the book, if it would be clearer in your language, you could use the second person in your translation. Alternate translation: “One of you Israelites”
A man
Quote: אָדָ֗ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations
Although the word translated A man is masculine, it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. Alternate translation: “A person” or “Someone”
from you
Quote: מִכֶּ֛ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular
The word you here is plural. The word applies to the entire Israelite community. Use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
A man from you, when he presents an offering to Yahweh
Quote: אָדָ֗ם כִּֽי־יַקְרִ֥יב מִכֶּ֛ם קָרְבָּ֖ן לַֽיהוָ֑ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication
The word offer translates a verb that is related to the noun translated offering. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation.
from the livestock, from the cattle or from the flock
Quote: מִן־הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה מִן־הַבָּקָר֙ וּמִן־הַצֹּ֔אן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun
The expressions the livestock, the cattle, and the flock do not refer to specific groups of animals. They describe any groups of animals that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his livestock … his cattle … his flock”
from the livestock
Quote: מִן־הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
The word translated livestock refers generally to land animals as opposed to birds or fish. In the context of Leviticus, it refers specifically to domesticated bovines, sheep, goats, and all other animals used for commercial and agrarian purposes, including work and food. If your readers would not be familiar with these animals, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “from the animals he is raising”
from the cattle
Quote: מִן־הַבָּקָר֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
The word translated cattle refers to a subgroup of the word translated livestock. It describes a group of bovines—whether cows, bulls, or oxen. If your readers would not be familiar with these animals, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “either from his cows”
or from the flock
Quote: וּמִן־הַצֹּ֔אן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
The word translated flock refers to a subgroup of the word translated livestock. It describes a group of sheep or goats. If your readers would not be familiar with these animals, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “or from his sheep or goats”
you will present
Quote: תַּקְרִ֖יבוּ (1)Alternate translation: “you must present”
Leviticus 1:3
his offering {… he will present it, … he will present
Quote: קָרְבָּנוֹ֙ & יַקְרִיבֶ֑נּוּ & יַקְרִ֣יב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication
Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The ULT translates with the noun offering and the verb present. Your language may have comparable terms that you can use in your own translation.
he will present it, a perfect male
Quote: זָכָ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים יַקְרִיבֶ֑נּוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person
Alternate translation: “you should present a perfect male”
a perfect male
Quote: זָכָ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the phrase a perfect male here refers to a male bovine that is an exemplary representative of its species. Alternate translation: “an unblemished male” or "a male without blemish"
he will present it, a perfect male. At the entrance of the Tent of Meeting he will present it for its acceptance to the face of Yahweh
Quote: זָכָ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים יַקְרִיבֶ֑נּוּ אֶל־פֶּ֝תַח אֹ֤הֶל מוֹעֵד֙ יַקְרִ֣יב אֹת֔וֹ לִרְצֹנ֖וֹ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/grammar-connect-logic-result
The word translated for indicates the result of offering a sacrifice in the manner prescribed here. If it would be more natural in your language, you could put the last of these phrases first, since the last phrase gives the reason for the actions that the first two phrases describe. Alternate translation: “in order for Yahweh to consider the offering acceptable, he will present a perfect male at the entrance of the tent of meeting”
for its acceptance
Quote: לִרְצֹנ֖וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The word translated its could refer to: (1) the offering. Alternate translation: “for the acceptance of the sacrifice” or (2) the worshiper. Alternate translation: “for the acceptance of the one offering the sacrifice"
to the face of Yahweh
Quote: לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, in contexts such as this, the expression to the face of Yahweh means “where Yahweh can see” and, by extension, “from Yahweh’s perspective” or “in Yahweh’s judgment.” Alternate translation: “from Yahweh’s perspective” or “in Yahweh's judgement” or “before Yahweh“
Leviticus 1:4
And he will lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering
Quote: וְסָמַ֣ךְ יָד֔וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ הָעֹלָ֑ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. The implication seems to be that the person is ritually placing his sins on the sacrificial animal so that God will forgive the sins when the animal is sacrificed.
And it will be accepted
Quote: וְנִרְצָ֥ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh will accept it”
in order to make atonement for him
Quote: לְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽיו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/grammar-connect-logic-goal
The words in order to introduce the purpose of laying hands on the sacrificial animal. Use an expression in your language that makes it clear that what follows is the purpose.
in order to make atonement for him
Quote: לְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽיו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The word translated atonement may have originally indicated either the “covering” or the “wiping away” of sin. Either way, by the time of Leviticus it indicated that the sacrifice would be accepted in order to restore the relationship between the worshiper and Yahweh that had been damaged or defiled by sin. Consider using a word or phrase that coveys this idea effectively in your language. Alternative translation: “to restore him”
Leviticus 1:5
the son of the cattle
Quote: אֶת־בֶּ֥ן הַבָּקָ֖ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
The expression son of describes a person or animal that shares the essential qualities of something. Here the phrase describes this animal as the son of the cattle because it is animal that shares the essential qualities of the class of bovines. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the bull” or "the bovine"
to the face of Yahweh
Quote: לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה (1)Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh is”
the sons of Aaron
Quote: בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
At the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the tent of meeting, the priests literally were the sons of Aaron. But these instructions also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's “descendants.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could use that term, which would apply to both the original priests and to their successors. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Aaron”
And the sons of Aaron, the priests, will present the blood
Quote: וְ֠הִקְרִיבוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן הַֽכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ אֶת־ הַדָּ֔ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
It is implied that the priests would catch the blood in a bowl as it drained out of the animal. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar. If this would not be clear in your language, you could supply this information, here and in later instances in the book. Alternative translation: “And after catching the blood as it drains, the sons of Aaron, the priests, will present the blood”
and they will splatter the blood all around on the altar that {is at} the entrance of the Tent of Meeting
Quote: וְזָרְק֨וּ אֶת־הַדָּ֤ם עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֨חַ֙ סָבִ֔יב אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
Sprinkling the blood on the sides of the altar is a symbolic action. The blood of the animal, being its life (Leviticus 17:11), was given by God to purify ritually and to remove sin. Here, the blood is sprinkled to keep the sacrificial altar free from sin. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote here and in subsequent instances in the book. Alternate translation: “and they will sprinkle the blood all around on the holy altar that {is at} the entrance of the tent of meeting in order to keep the altar clean from sin”
Leviticus 1:6
And he will skin
Quote: וְהִפְשִׁ֖יט (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun he refers to the person making the offering. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make the subject explicit. You could also keep using a second-person pronoun if you have been doing that. Alternate translation: “And the one offering the sacrifice will skin” or, using the second-person, “You will skin”
and he will cut it into its pieces
Quote: וְנִתַּ֥ח אֹתָ֖הּ לִנְתָחֶֽיהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The author of Leviticus assumes his audience will know what portions of the animal constituted its pieces. These would have included, but perhaps not have been limited to, the legs and entrails, as 1:9 suggests. If the phrase its pieces would not be clear in your context, consider listing what pieces these are. Alternate translation: “and he will cut it into its appropriate portions by removing the legs and entrails”
Leviticus 1:7
the sons of Aaron
Quote: בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
See how you translated the phrase the sons of Aaron in 1:5.
And the sons of Aaron the priest will give fire on the altar
Quote: וְ֠נָתְנוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֵ֖שׁ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/figs-idiom
The expression will put fire on the altar means “will light a fire on top of the altar.” It may mean that the priests were to place hot coals on the altar and perhaps some kindling; they would then place the wood on top. If the phrase put fire does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an expression in your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the sons of Aaron the priest will light a fire on top of the altar”
Leviticus 1:8
and the fat
Quote: וְאֶת־הַפָּ֑דֶר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/figs-explicit
The term fat refers to suet, that is, the hard, lumpy fat that surrounds the kidneys and liver of sheep, goats, and bovines. If your language has a word for this portion of fatty tissue, consider using it here.
Leviticus 1:9
And he will wash its innards and its legs with water
Quote: וְקִרְבּ֥וֹ וּכְרָעָ֖יו יִרְחַ֣ץ בַּמָּ֑יִם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/figs-explicitinfo
It might seem that the expression and he will wash...with water contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “And he should wash its innards and its legs thoroughly”
he will wash
Quote: יִרְחַ֣ץ\n (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun he could refer either to the worshiper or to the priest. But given that every other reference to the priest has been explicit, it is likely that it refers to the worshiper. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit or continue using the same second-person pronoun used thus far. Alternate translation: “the one offering the sacrifice should wash” or, in the second-person, “you must wash”
he will wash
Quote: יִרְחַ֣ץ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The implication seems to be that the worshiper must wash the innards and legs before the priest arranges them on the wood, as verse 8 describes. You can indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “before the priest arranges the pieces, the one offering the sacrifice should wash” or, in the second-person, “before the priest arranges the pieces, you should wash”
And the priest will cause everything to become smoke on the altar
Quote: וְהִקְטִ֨יר הַכֹּהֵ֤ן אֶת־הַכֹּל֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
The act of burning the offering in such a way that it arises as smoke is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going to up to God in heaven. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “And the priest will cause everything to become smoke on the altar and ascend towards God in heaven”
Leviticus 1:10
from the flock, from the lambs or from the goats
Quote: מִן־הַצֹּ֨אן & מִן־הַכְּשָׂבִ֛ים א֥וֹ מִן־הָעִזִּ֖ים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun
The expressions the flock, the lambs, and the goats do not refer to specific groups of animals. They describe any groups of animals that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from his flock—his sheep or from his goats”
a perfect male
Quote: זָכָ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns
See how you translated the expression a perfect male in 1:3. Alternate translation: “an unblemished male” or “a male without blemish”
Leviticus 1:11
to the face of Yahweh
Quote: לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/figs-metaphor
See how you translated the expression to the face of Yahweh in 1:5. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh is”
Leviticus 1:12
And he will cut it
Quote: וְנִתַּ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun he refers to the person offering the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “And the one offering the sacrifice will cut it” or, in the second-person, “And you will cut it”
Leviticus 1:13
he will wash with water
Quote: יִרְחַ֣ץ בַּמָּ֑יִם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo
See how you translated the expression wash with water in 1:9. Alternate translation: “he will wash thoroughly”
And the innards and the legs he will wash with water
Quote: וְהַקֶּ֥רֶב וְהַכְּרָעַ֖יִם יִרְחַ֣ץ בַּמָּ֑יִם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The implication seems to be that the worshiper must wash the innards and legs before the priest arranges them on the wood, as 1:12 describes. You can indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Before the priest arranges the pieces, the one offering the sacrifice should wash the innards and legs with water” or “Before the priest arranges the pieces, you must wash the innards and legs with water”
and he will cause {them} to become smoke on the altar
Quote: וְהִקְטִ֣יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
The act of burning the offering in such a way that it arises as smoke is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going to up to God in heaven. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “and he will cause everything to become smoke on the altar and ascend towards God in heaven”
and he will cause {them} to become smoke on the altar
Quote: וְהִקְטִ֣יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun he refers to the the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest will cause everything to become smoke on the altar”
Leviticus 1:14
from the birds {… from the turtledoves or from the sons of the pigeon
Quote: מִן־הָע֛וֹף & מִן־הַתֹּרִ֗ים א֛וֹ מִן־בְּנֵ֥י הַיּוֹנָ֖ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun
The expressions from the birds, from the turtledoves, and from the sons of the pigeon do not refer to specific birds, that is, to a specific group of turtledoves or pigeons. Rather, these expressions describe any birds (that is, any turtledoves or pigeons) that an Israelite might own or be able to buy. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his birds … from his turtledoves … from his pigeons”
from the sons of the pigeon
Quote: מִן־בְּנֵ֥י הַיּוֹנָ֖ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
The expression sons of describes a person or animal that shares the essential qualities of something. The author of Leviticus uses this phrase to describe a group of birds as the sons of the pigeon since they were birds that shared the essential qualities of that class of bird. If it would be helpful, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the pigeons”
Leviticus 1:15
and he will cause {it} to become smoke on the altar
Quote: וְהִקְטִ֖יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
The act of burning the offering in a way that causes smoke to arise is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going to God in heaven. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “and he should cause everything to become smoke on the altar and ascend towards God in heaven”
and he will twist off its head
Quote: וּמָלַק֙ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun he is ambiguous and could refer to either the worshipper or to the priest. However, because it is explicitly the priest who brings the sacrificial bird to the altar before it is sacrificed and prepared for burning, it is likely that throughout this verse and the next one, the pronoun he refers to the the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest should twist off its head”
and he will cause {it} to become smoke on the altar
Quote: וְהִקְטִ֖יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
As the previous note explain, the pronoun he refers to the priest. If this is unclear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: ”and the priest will cause everything to become smoke on the altar”
and he will cause {it} to become smoke on the altar
Quote: וְהִקְטִ֖יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The object that is to be burned on the altar is not specified. However, because the blood has not yet been removed from the sacrificial bird and the burning of blood is expressly forbidden in Leviticus, it seems likely that the supplied pronoun it here refers to the head of the bird. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and he should cause the head that he just removed to become smoke on the altar"
And its blood will be drained
Quote: וְנִמְצָ֣ה דָמ֔וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then the priest should drain its blood”
Leviticus 1:16
And he will remove
Quote: וְהֵסִ֥יר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun he refers to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest should remove”
its craw
Quote: אֶת־ מֻרְאָת֖וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
A craw is a pouch in a bird’s throat where pre-digested food is stored. If your language has its own term for this anatomical feature, consider using that word here. If not, you can use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the bird's throat pouch”
and he will throw it
Quote: וְהִשְׁלִ֨יךְ אֹתָ֜הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun it refers to the craw, but since the worshiper is supposed to throw it beside the altar along with the feathers, it may be more natural in your language to use the plural pronoun “them”, as modeled by the UST.
and he will throw it
Quote: וְהִשְׁלִ֨יךְ אֹתָ֜הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun he is ambiguous, but appears to continue the action taken by the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest should throw it”
the place of the fatty ashes
Quote: מְק֖וֹם הַדָּֽשֶׁן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
The place of the fatty ashes is the specified spot where the priest would dump the ashes from previous sacrifices along with the rendered fat from the altar. If your language has a technical term for such a place, consider using it here. If not, you can use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the place where the ashes and the burnt fat are dumped”
Leviticus 1:17
And he will tear it open
Quote: וְשִׁסַּ֨ע אֹת֣וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
Given the action taken by the priest in 1:15 and 16, the pronoun he likely refers to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest should tear it open”
he will not divide {it
Quote: לֹ֣א יַבְדִּיל֒ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun he is ambiguous but likely refers to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “the priest should not divide it”
And the priest will cause it to become smoke on the altar, on the wood that {is} on the fire
Quote: וְהִקְטִ֨יר אֹת֤וֹ הַכֹּהֵן֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה עַל־הָעֵצִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הָאֵ֑שׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
The act of burning the offering in a way that causes smoke to arise is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going up to God in heaven. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “And the priest should cause everything to become smoke on the altar, on the wood that is on the fire, and ascend towards God in heaven”
a pleasing smell to Yahweh
Quote: רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The author of Leviticus describes Yahweh accepting the sacrifice with the image of Yahweh enjoying the pleasant-smelling smoke that rises from the burnt offering. If it would be helpful in your language, consider expressing the same idea in another way. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9.
Leviticus 2
Leviticus 2 General Notes
Structure and formatting
This chapter gives instructions about how to make a grain offering. The and of 2:1 indicates that the instructions of Lev 1 are continuing. Yahweh continues telling Moses how the people should offer sacrifices.
Translation issues in this chapter
The number and person of pronouns
In the address to the Israelites, the author of Leviticus is known for abuptly switching the person, number, and occassionaly gender, of pronouns and verbal forms that refer to the person offering sacrifices. In chapter 1, it was suggested that any third-person singular pronouns that refer to the worshipper (and not to the priest) could be changed to second-person plural pronouns, based on the nature of the direct address and the presence of a second-person plural pronoun in 1:2 and several times in the current chapter.
The pronouns referring to the worshipper switch person, gender, and number frequently. Verses 1–3 address the worshipper with a third-person singular pronoun. This swtiches to the second-person, singular pronoun in 2:4–8. The worshipper is addressed in the third-person in verse 8, but verse 11 marks a shift to the second-person, this time in the plural. The plural pronouns continue throughout verses 11 and 12, but the author of Leviticus swtiches back to the second-person singular from verse 13 to the end of the chapter.
Third-Person (2:1–3) - "...when a person [third-person, feminine singular] presents..." (2:1) - "...his [third-person, masculine singular] offering..." (2:1) - "...and he [third-person, masculine singular] will pour ..." (2:1) - "...and he [third-person, masculine singular] will put..." (2:1) - "...and he [third-person, masculine singular] will bring..." (2:2) - "And if you [second-person, masculine singular] present..." (2:4) - "And if your [second-person, masculine singular] offering..." (2:5) - "Piece [second-person, singular imperative] it..." (2:6) - "...and you [second-person, masculine singular] will pour..." (2:6) - "And if your [second-person, masculine singular] offering..." (2:7) - "And you [second-person, masculine singular] will bring..." (2:8) - "And he [third-person, masculine singular] will present..." (2:8) - "Any grain offering that you [second-person, masculine plural] present..." (2:11) - "...you [second-person, masculine plural] will not cause to become smoke..." (2:11) - "You [second-person, masculine plural] will present..." (2:12) - "...your [second-person, masculine singular] grain offerings..." (2:13) - "...you [second-person, masculine singular] will salt..." (2:13) - "...you [second-person, masculine singular] will not omit..." (2:13) - "...the covenant of your [second-person, masculine singular] God..." (2:13) - "...your [second-person, masculine singular] offerings..." (2:13) - "...you [second-person, masculine singular] will present..." (2:13) - "And if you [second-person, masculine singular] present..." (2:14) - "...you [second-person, masculine singular] will present..." (2:14) - "...your [second-person, masculine singular] first ripe grains..." (2:14) - "And you [second-person, masculine singular] will put..." (2:15) - "...and you [second-person, masculine singular] will place..." (2:15)
Special concepts in this chapter
This chapter introduces several key concepts that are relevant to proper translation.
Grain offering
[INSERT TEXT]
Flour
The term translated “flour” in the ULT and “wheat flour” in the UST is apparently a baking product made from the production of wheat grains (cf. Exod 29:2, and 2 Kgs 7:16, where is it contrasted with barley). However, according to some rabbinic sources, the precise commodity referred to in this chapter and elsewhere in Leviticus is the large chunks of crushed grains that remain in the sieve after the grains have been dried, winnowed, and crushed. Since “flour” would connote the fine powder that falls through the sieve, what remains is more accurately called “grits” or “semolina” (cf. 1 Kgs 5:2, where “grits” or “semolina” is contrasted with “flour”). However, since this culinary term is not present in many cultures, the term “flour” has been retained. If your language has a word for the large chunks of crushed grains that remain in the sieve after the grains have been dried, winnowed, and crushed, then use that term.
Oil
[INSERT TEXT]
Incense
Scholarly sources suggest that the substance that was burned in ritual spaces for its fragrance was an expensive fragrant gum-resin tapped from three species of the Boswellia tree native only to southern Arabia (see Jer 6:20) and Somaliland. The burning of this substance was required with all grain offering, regardless of the manner of their preparation. Apparently, because both grain offerings and animal offerings provided a pleasing aroma to Yahweh, the addition of incense with the grain offering was to distinguish them from the animal sacrifices or burnt offerings (cf. Lev 1). Whereas the olive oil was to be poured all over the grain offerings, the incense was to be “placed” on top of it, apparently in a large lump. Then the raw flour (or other kind of grain offering) would be mixed together with the olive oil and the lump of incense in the priest’s hand as he took a large handful (Lev 2:2). These ingredient would then be completely burned on the altar and converted into pleasant-smelling smoke, which, when it went up to Yahweh, would “please” Yahweh and so mark the completion of an acceptable sacrifice.
The memorial portion
This portion of the grain offering appears to have been the portion which the priest designates will be burned completely on the altar as a sacrifice to Yahweh, as opposed to the portion which will remain over as food for the priests to eat. As such, the “memorial portion” is the part of the sacrifice whose “portion,” by being completely burned on the altar, represents the entire grain offering.
Yeast and leaven
In Leviticus 2, the word leaven refers to a lump of dough made from flour and other common ingredients, usually salt and oil, that contains a live leaven culture as its raising agent in the form of wild, natural yeast. The term yeast refers to the microscopic organism consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by budding and are capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide. In the ancient world, yeast was a common household raising agent used in the baking of bread. However, because store-bought, commercial yeast in the form of a dried, deactivated culture that is routinely added to individual batches of dough is a modern invention, the ULT has chosen the less anachronistic term leaven culture. This term reflects the slow process of growing wild, naturally occurring yeast from a single, small batch of dough, forming a leaven that would be added to other larger batches of dough. The wild yeast in the leaven would multiply and fill the rest of the larger batch of dough until the entire batch was considered ”leavened.”
In Leviticus, grain offerings, whether baked or fried, that were made using leaven or included leaven culture were expressly forbidden to be burned on the altar, along with grain offerings made with honey. Instead, as Lev 2:12 expresses, grain offerings that included either leaven culture or honey could be offered as firstfruit offerings that were not burned on the altar. Eating or baking with leaven is proscribed during the events of the first Passover in Egypt before the Exodus and, specifically, during the annual festival of Unleavened Bread (See: свято Великодня, Великдень). Yahweh informs Moses that the practice of excluding leaven and leaven culture from one's diet should serve as a ”sign” and ”memorial” to the people of Israel that reminds them of God's mighty acts of salvation in the Exodus and encourages them to obey his commandements. (See Exodus 13:5-10). It should be noted that it was not always unlawful to eat food products made with leaven or leaven culture, but that the proscription only applied during special feasts and holidays associated with the Exodus.
Leviticus 2:1
[GL Quote Not Found!]
Quote: וְנֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תַקְרִ֞יב קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה & קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ (0)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication
Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word present translates a verb that is related to the noun translated offering. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation.
[GL Quote Not Found!]
Quote: וְנֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תַקְרִ֞יב קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה (0)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person
As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address. Here and throughout the book, if it would be clearer in your language, you could use the second person in your translation. Alternate translation: “And when you bring a grain offering to Yahweh”
[GL Quote Not Found!]
Quote: וְנֶ֗פֶשׁ (0)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The word translated a person is feminine, but it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. Alternate translation: “one of you” or “someone”
[GL Quote Not Found!]
Quote: קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ (0)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The term translated a grain offering refers to a sacrifice that consists of grain products, usually dried wheat, barley, or corn. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of agricultural product, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “an offering of dried wheat, barley, or corn produce”
[GL Quote Not Found!]
Quote: קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ (0)Alternate translation: “your offering”
[GL Quote Not Found!]
Quote: סֹ֖לֶת יִהְיֶ֣ה קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ\n (0)Alternate translation: “his offering should be flour” or, using the second-person, “your offering should be flour”
flour
Quote: סֹ֖לֶת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
As the Introduction discusses, the term translated flour refers to the food product made from grinding roasted and dried wheat grain. It might refer to either 1) the fine ground grain that falls through a sieve when sifted. Alternate translation: ”fine wheat flour“ or 2) the large lumps of crushed grain that remain on top of a sieve when sifted. Alternate translation: “wheat semolina”
oil
Quote: שֶׁ֔מֶן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
As the Introduction discusses, oil here refers to the agricultural product made from pressing ripe olives. If your context or culture possesses a specific word for this term, consider using it here.
incense
Quote: לְבֹנָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
As the Introduction discusses, this incense refers to an expensive fragrant gum-resin tapped from specific trees. It would be routinely burned in ritual settings, like grain offerings, for its fragrance. If your context and language possess a word for this kind of religious item, consider using it here.
Leviticus 2:2
And he will bring it
Quote: וֶֽהֱבִיאָ֗הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun it refers to the mixture of oil and wheat flour with the lump of incense that 2:1 describes. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and he will bring the mixture of flour, oil, and incense”
the sons of Aaron
Quote: בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹן֮ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
At the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the Tent of Meeting, the priests literally were the sons of Aaron. But these instructions also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's “descendants.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could use that term, which would apply to both the original priests and to their successors. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Aaron”
and he will grab from there {with} the fullness of his handful
Quote: וְקָמַ֨ץ מִשָּׁ֜ם מְלֹ֣א קֻמְצ֗וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication
Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word grab translates a verb that is related to the noun translated handful. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis or if your language possesses comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation.
and he will grab from there {with} the fullness of his handful
Quote: וְקָמַ֨ץ מִשָּׁ֜ם מְלֹ֣א קֻמְצ֗וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
A handful is the amount that a person can hold in the palm of a single hand. Alternate translation: “and take what he can hold in his hand”
and he will grab
Quote: וְקָמַ֨ץ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun he is ambiguous in the context and could refer to the priest or the worshiper. However, based on the description of 2:9, it is likely that he refers to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest should grab”
some of its flour and some of its oil, in addition to all its incense
Quote: מִסָּלְתָּהּ֙ וּמִשַּׁמְנָ֔הּ עַ֖ל כָּל־לְבֹנָתָ֑הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun translated its refers to the mixture of oil and wheat flour with the lump of incense that 2:1 describes. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “some of the flour, oil, and incense of the mixture of the offering”
its incense
Quote: לְבֹנָתָ֑הּ (1)See how you translated this word in Leviticus 2:1.
its memorial portion
Quote: אֶת־ אַזְכָּרָתָהּ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
As the Introduction discusses, the memorial portion refers to the handful of the grain offering that the priest designates will be burned completely on the altar as a sacrifice to Yahweh by taking it in his hand and putting it on the altar, as opposed to the portion which would remain over as food for the priests to eat. As the portion that would be sacrificed by burning, it represented the entire sacrifice and belonged to Yahweh.
its memorial portion
Quote: אֶת־ אַזְכָּרָתָהּ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun translated its refers to the mixture of oil and wheat flour with the lump of incense that 2:1 describes. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the memorial portion of the mixture of flour, oil, and incense”
And the priest will cause its memorial portion to become smoke on the altar
Quote: וְהִקְטִ֨יר הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־אַזְכָּרָתָהּ֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
The act of burning the offering in a way that causes smoke to arise is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going to up to God in heaven. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “And the priest will cause the memorial portion to become smoke on the altar and ascend towards God in heaven”
a pleasing smell to Yahweh
Quote: רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The author of Leviticus describes Yahweh accepting the sacrifice with the image of Yahweh enjoying the pleasant-smelling smoke that rises from the burning grain offering. If it would be helpful in your language, consider expressing the same idea in another way. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9.
Leviticus 2:3
And the remainder from the grain offering
Quote: וְהַנּוֹתֶ֨רֶת֙ מִן־הַמִּנְחָ֔ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The term translated the remainder refers to the portion of the grain offering that the priest did not burn completely on the altar. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the portion of the grain offering that remains after the priest burns the memorial portion on the altar”
will be} for Aaron and for his sons
Quote: לְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וּלְבָנָ֑יו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
At the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the Tent of Meeting, Aaron and his sons constituted the priesthood. But these instructions also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's “descendants.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could use that term, which would apply to both the original priests and to their successors. Alternate translation: “belongs to Aaron and to his descendants”
a holy thing of holy things
Quote: קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession
Here, the phrase a holy thing of holy things uses the possessive form to describe an entity that is extremely or exceptionally holy. If this form would not express that this place would become uniquely holy in your language, consider an more generic way to express this idea. Alternate translation: “the holiest thing” or “an exceptionally holy offering”
from the gifts of Yahweh
Quote: מֵאִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ס (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession
The author of Leviticus uses the possessive to describe gifts that are offered to Yahweh. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a phrase that better gives he meaning. Alternative translation: “from the gifts that you present to Yahweh”
Leviticus 2:4
And when you present an offering of a grain offering
Quote: וְכִ֥י תַקְרִ֛ב קָרְבַּ֥ן מִנְחָ֖ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication
Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word present translates a verb that is related to the noun translated offering. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis or if your language possesses comparable terms, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation.
you present
Quote: תַקְרִ֛ב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd
The author of Leviticus has been using third-person singular pronouns, but in this verse, though God is speaking to a group of people, the pronoun you is singular. If the switch to a singular form of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use the plural form in your translation.
a baked item of the oven
Quote: מַאֲפֵ֣ה תַנּ֑וּר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
This baked item was likely a wheat food item that was produced by baking a dough consisting of wheat flour mixed with olive oil in a hot oven. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the sense explicit. Alternate translation: “an item that you baked in the oven”
a baked item of the oven
Quote: מַאֲפֵ֣ה תַנּ֑וּר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
In the world of ancient Israel, an oven was a hollow object made of clay. A wood-fire was lit under or at the bottom portion of the oven, and the subsequent heat would bake the dough inside.
flour of loaves of unleavened bread {will be} mixed with oil
Quote: סֹ֣לֶת חַלּ֤וֹת מַצֹּת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you should mix flour of unleavened loaves with oil”
flour of loaves of unleavened bread
Quote: סֹ֣לֶת חַלּ֤וֹת מַצֹּת֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession
The author of Leviticus uses the possessive to describe flour that has been kneaded and formed into unleavened loaves. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a phrase that better gives he meaning. Alternative translation: “flour that you shaped into an unleavened loaf”
flour of loaves of unleavened bread
Quote: סֹ֣לֶת חַלּ֤וֹת מַצֹּת֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
The term unleavened refers to the absence of a culture of yeast, often in the form of leaven, that was commonly used as a raising agent in bread baking. If this would be unclear in your language, consider a more general term. Alternate translation: “flour of loaves without yeast in it” or “flour of loaves made without a raising agent”
loaves of
Quote: חַלּ֤וֹת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
These loaves were apparently either ring shaped or perforated. If your context and language possesses a word for a breaded loaf in this shape, consider using it here.
or wafers of unleavened bread {will be} anointed with oil
Quote: וּרְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֥ים בַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃ס (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “or you should anoint unleavened wafers with oil”
or wafers of unleavened bread
Quote: וּרְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
This wafer was apparently a thin, cracker-like cake made from wheat flour. If your context and language possesses a word for a breaded loaf of this kind, consider using it here.
will be} anointed with oil
Quote: מְשֻׁחִ֥ים בַּשָּֽׁמֶן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The author of Leviticus describes wafers that have been covered generously with oil with the image of being anointed with oil. The implication is that a copious amount of oil was poured onto the food item. Consider translating this phrase to indicate that the oil is to be spread onto the bread. Alternate translation: “with a generous amount of oil on them”
Leviticus 2:5
And if your offering {is} a grain offering on the griddle
Quote: וְאִם־ מִנְחָ֥ה עַל־ הַֽמַּחֲבַ֖ת קָרְבָּנֶ֑ךָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis
The phrase grain offering on the griddle refers to an offering of harvested grain that has been prepared on a griddle. The author of Leviticus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And if your offering is a grain offering that you prepared on a griddle.”
the griddle
Quote: הַֽמַּחֲבַ֖ת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
This griddle was a thick plate made of either clay or metal that was placed over a fire. The heat from the fire would cook or lightly fry the dough on top of the plate.
flour will be mixed with oil {into} unleavened bread
Quote: סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן מַצָּ֥ה תִהְיֶֽה׃ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will mix flour of unleavened loaves with oil”
Leviticus 2:6
Piece it {into} pieces
Quote: פָּת֤וֹת אֹתָהּ֙ פִּתִּ֔ים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication
Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word piece translates a verb that is related to the noun translated pieces. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis or if your language possesses comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation.
Piece it {into} pieces
Quote: פָּת֤וֹת אֹתָהּ֙ פִּתִּ֔ים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
Here, it refers to the grain offering, whether baked in an over (2:4) or cooked on a griddle (2:5). If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “Piece the grain offering that you have either baked in an oven or cooked on a griddle into pieces”
Leviticus 2:7
And if your offering is a grain offering of a pan
Quote: וְאִם־ מִנְחַ֥ת מַרְחֶ֖שֶׁת קָרְבָּנֶ֑ךָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis
The phrase grain offering of a pan refers to an offering of harvested grain that has been prepared on a pan. The author of Leviticus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And if your offering is a grain offering that you prepared on a pan.”
a pan
Quote: מַרְחֶ֖שֶׁת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
A pan is a plate of metal or clay with rounded edges. The dough was placed in the pan and cooked over a hot fire. If your language possess a word for this item, consider using it here.
flour will be made with oil
Quote: סֹ֥לֶת בַּשֶּׁ֖מֶן תֵּעָשֶֽׂה (1)Alternate translation: “flour will be prepared with oil”
flour will be made with oil
Quote: סֹ֥לֶת בַּשֶּׁ֖מֶן תֵּעָשֶֽׂה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you should prepare flour with oil”
Leviticus 2:8
And you will bring the grain offering that is made from these to Yahweh
Quote: וְהֵבֵאתָ֣ אֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵעָשֶׂ֛ה מֵאֵ֖לֶּה לַיהוָ֑ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here, to bring the offering to Yahweh refers to carrying the grain offering prescribed in Leviticus 2:1-7 to the altar that is located at the entrance of the tent of meeting. Because the tent of meeting was were Yahweh lived among the Israelites, taking the offering to the altar is tantamount to bringing it directly to Yahweh himself. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And you should bring the grain offering that is made from these things to the altar that is located at the entrance to the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites”
the grain offering that is made from these
Quote: אֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵעָשֶׂ֛ה מֵאֵ֖לֶּה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The word these refers to either 1) the ingredients described in 2:4-7. Alternate translation: “the grain offering that is made from these ingredients” or 2) the methods described in 2:4-7. Alternate translation: “the grain offering that is made in this way”
that is made from these
Quote: אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵעָשֶׂ֛ה מֵאֵ֖לֶּה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you made from these”
And he will present it
Quote: וְהִקְרִיבָהּ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun he is ambiguous in the context and could refer to Yahweh or the worshiper. However, that Yahweh would present the offering to the priest is nonsensical. Additionally, given that the priest is the one that receives the offering, it is likely that he refers to the worshiper. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit or continue using the same second-person pronoun used thus far. Alternate translation: “And the one offering the sacrifice should present it” or, in the second-person, “And you should present it”
And he will present it
Quote: וְהִקְרִיבָהּ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun it refers to the the grain offering. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit or continue using the same second-person pronoun used thus far. Alternate translation: “And the one offering the sacrifice should present the grain offering” or, in the second-person, “And you should present the grain offering”
and he will bring it near to the altar
Quote: וְהִגִּישָׁ֖הּ אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun he refers to the the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest will bring it near to the altar”
Leviticus 2:9
And the priest will take up from the grain offering its memorial portion
Quote: וְהֵרִ֨ים הַכֹּהֵ֤ן מִן־הַמִּנְחָה֙ אֶת־אַזְכָּ֣רָתָ֔הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
To take up from the grain offering is an idiom. It refers to the priest taking a handful of the grain offering and so lifting up and removing the memorial portion from the whole offering, as described in 2:2. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest will grab a handful of the grain offering and lift out the memorial portion”
its memorial portion
Quote: אֶת־ אַזְכָּ֣רָתָ֔הּ (1)See how you translated this word in Leviticus 2:2.
and he will cause {it} to become smoke on the altar
Quote: וְהִקְטִ֖יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
The act of burning the grain offering in a way that causes smoke to arise is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going up to God in heaven in the form of smoke. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “And the priest should burn the memorial portion on the altar and cause it to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven”
a pleasing smell to Yahweh
Quote: רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The act of burning the grain offering in a way that causes smoke to arise is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going up to God in heaven in the form of smoke. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “And the priest should burn the grain offering on the altar and cause it to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven”
Leviticus 2:10
And the remainder from the grain offering
Quote: וְהַנּוֹתֶ֨רֶת֙ מִן־הַמִּנְחָ֔ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The term translated the remainder refers to the portion of the grain offering that the priest did not burn completely on the altar. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the portion of the grain offering that remains after the priest burns the memorial portion on the altar”
will be} for Aaron and for his sons
Quote: לְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וּלְבָנָ֑יו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
At the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the Tent of Meeting, Aaron and his sons* constituted the priesthood. But these instructions also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's “descendants.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could use that term, which would apply to both the original priests and to their successors. Alternate translation: “belongs to Aaron and to his descendants”
a holy thing of holy things
Quote: קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession
Here, the phrase *a holy thing of holy things * uses the possessive form to describe an entity that is extremely or exceptionally holy. If this form would not express that this place would become uniquely holy in your language you may need to find another way to express this idea. Alternate translation: “the holiest thing” or “an exceptionally holy offering”
from the gifts of Yahweh
Quote: מֵאִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession
The author of Leviticus uses the possessive to describe gifts that are offered to Yahweh. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a phrase that better gives he meaning. See how you translated this phrase in Leviticus 2:3.
Leviticus 2:11
Any grain offering that you present to Yahweh will not be made {with} leaven
Quote: כָּל־ הַמִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תַּקְרִ֨יבוּ֙ לַיהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א תֵעָשֶׂ֖ה חָמֵ֑ץ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not use leaven in any grain offering that you present to Yahweh”
Any grain offering that you present to Yahweh will not be made {with} leaven
Quote: כָּל־הַמִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תַּקְרִ֨יבוּ֙ לַיהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א תֵעָשֶׂ֖ה חָמֵ֑ץ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
As the Introduction discusses, the word leaven refers to dough made from flour and other ingredients, usually salt and oil, that contains a live leaven culture as its raising agent in the form of wild, natural yeast. If this distinction would be confusing in your context, consider using a more general term. Alternate translation: “Any grain offering that you offer to Yahweh should not be made with yeast” or “Any grain offering that you offer to Yahweh should not be made with a raising agent”
Any grain offering that you present to Yahweh
Quote: כָּל־הַמִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תַּקְרִ֨יבוּ֙ לַיהוָ֔ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural
The word you here is plural. Yahweh is speaking about everyone who will offer grain offerings at the altar located at the entrance to the tent of Meeting. If your language possesses a plural form of the second-person pronoun, use it here in your translation.
For any leaven culture
Quote: כִּ֤י כָל־שְׂאֹר֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
As the Introduction discusses, the word leaven culture refers to wild, natural yeast, a microscopic organism consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by budding, and are capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide. Yeast, usually in the form of leaven was a common raising agent used in baking bread. If your context and language does not possess a word for leaven culture, consider using a more general term. Alternate translation: “for any natural or wild raising agent”
or any honey
Quote: וְכָל־דְּבַ֔שׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
Here, honey refers to the sticky substance that bees and other insects naturally produce from plant nectar, usually from flowers. Honey, in the ancient world and today, is typically eaten as a sweet food or used to sweeten bread and other baked goods.
you will not cause to become smoke from it
Quote: לֹֽא־תַקְטִ֧ירוּ מִמֶּ֛נּוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9 and 2:9.
you will not cause to become smoke from it
Quote: לֹֽא־תַקְטִ֧ירוּ מִמֶּ֛נּוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural
The word you here is plural. Yahweh is speaking about everyone who will offer grain offerings at the altar located at the entrance to the tent of Meeting. If your language possesses a plural form of the second-person pronoun, use it here in your translation.
from it, a gift to Yahweh
Quote: מִמֶּ֛נּוּ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
Here, it refers to a grain offering that is designated to be burned on the offering as a sacrifice to Yahweh and, thus, will be considered a gift to Yahweh. If this is not clear in your language, consider making the referent of the pronoun explicit. Alternate translation: “from any grain offering that you present as a gift to Yahweh”
Leviticus 2:12
You will present them to Yahweh {as} an offering of first {things
Quote: קָרְבַּ֥ן רֵאשִׁ֛ית תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אֹתָ֖ם לַיהוָ֑ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication
Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word present translates a verb that is related to the noun translated offering. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis or if your language possesses comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation.
You will present them
Quote: תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אֹתָ֖ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural
The word you here is plural. Yahweh is speaking about everyone who will offer grain offerings at the altar located at the entrance to the tent of Meeting. If your language possesses a plural form of the second-person pronoun, use it here in your translation.
You will present them
Quote: תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אֹתָ֖ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun them refers to grain offerings that are prepared with leaven or honey, as described in 2:11. Alternate translation: “You can offer the grain offerings made with leaven or honey”
as} an offering of first {things
Quote: קָרְבַּ֥ן רֵאשִׁ֛ית (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
The offering of first things refers to the sacrifice of a grain offering that consists of the best prdouce of the first harvest of a particular crop. If your language and context possess a word for this concept, consider using it here.
but on the altar they will not go up as a pleasing smell
Quote: וְאֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֥חַ לֹא־יַעֲל֖וּ לְרֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹֽחַ׃ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Here the author of Leviticus is speaking of the proscribed grain offering that contains leaven or honey as if it were going up to Yahweh on the altar. This depicts the act of burning the grain offering on the altar as converting the offer into smoke that rose up to God in heaven from the altar*. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but they should not be burned on the altar in a way that causes them to become smoke and go up to Yahweh as a pleasant smell”
they will not go up as a pleasing smell
Quote: לֹא־יַעֲל֖וּ לְרֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹֽחַ׃ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The author of Leviticus describes Yahweh accepting the sacrifice with the image of Yahweh enjoying the pleasant-smelling smoke that rises from the burning grain offering. If it would be helpful in your language, consider expressing the same idea in another way. See how you translated this in 1:9, 2:2, and 2:9.
Leviticus 2:13
And every offering of your grain offerings, … On all your offerings you will present salt
Quote: וְכָל־קָרְבַּ֣ן מִנְחָתְךָ֮ & עַ֥ל כָּל־קָרְבָּנְךָ֖ תַּקְרִ֥יב מֶֽלַח׃ס (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication
Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word present translates a verb that is related to the noun translated offering. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis or if your language possesses comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation.
you will salt with salt
Quote: בַּמֶּ֣לַח תִּמְלָח֒ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication
Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase you will salt translates a verb that is related to the noun translated salt. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis or if your language possesses comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation.
you will salt
Quote: תִּמְלָח֒ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd
Unlike Leviticus 2:11 and 2:12, where the second-person pronouns were plural, here and throughout the rest of the chapter, the pronoun you are singular, even though God is speaking to a group of people. If the switch to a singular form of these pronouns from the plural would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use the plural form in your translation.
the salt of the covenant of your God
Quote: מֶ֚לַח בְּרִ֣ית אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession
Here, the author of Leviticus is using the possessive form to describe salt that is characterized by the covenant of your God. Given the parallel expression in Numbers 18:19, the implication seems to be that the use of salt on grain offerings should remind the Israelites of God’s covenant, likely because of salt’s association with preservation and, by extension, permanence. If your language would not use the possessive form to indicate this kind of relationship, you could make the connection explicit. Alternate translation: “the preserving salt that reminds you of the binding and permanent nature of God’s promises to you”
Leviticus 2:14
a grain offering of first ripe grains … of … a grain offering … your first ripe grains
Quote: מִנְחַ֥ת בִּכּוּרִ֖ים & אֵ֖ת מִנְחַ֥ת בִּכּוּרֶֽיךָ׃ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
A grain offering of first ripe grains is a sacrificial offering that consisted of the first harvest of ripened grains, whether wheat, barley, or corn. If your language or context possesses a term for this portion of the harvest, consider using it here.
a tender ear roasted with fire
Quote: אָבִ֞יב קָל֤וּי בָּאֵשׁ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “tender ears that you have roasted over a fire”
a tender ear
Quote: אָבִ֞יב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
Here, tender ears refers to an intermediate stage in the growth of grain between fruitless stalks and fully ripened produce. If your context and language possess a word for this stage of grain harvesting, consider using it here.
crushed grain … of
Quote: גֶּ֣רֶשׂ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
Here, crushed grains refers to grain, whether wheat, barley, or corn, that has been roughly crushed into large lumps. Alternate translation: “groats”
a ripe ear
Quote: כַּרְמֶ֔ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
Here, new corn refers to the freshly ripened ear of grain, whether wheat, barley, or corn. If your context and language possess a word for this stage of grain harvesting, consider using it here.
Leviticus 2:15
And you will put oil on it
Quote: וְנָתַתָּ֤ עָלֶ֨יהָ֙ שֶׁ֔מֶן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
To put oil on it is an idiom that means “to pour oil on top of it.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he should pour oil on it” or, using the second-person, “you should pour oil onto it”
incense
Quote: לְבֹנָ֑ה (1)See how you translated this word in 2:1 and 2:2.
Leviticus 2:16
And the priest will cause its memorial portion, … to become smoke
Quote: וְהִקְטִ֨יר הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־אַזְכָּרָתָ֗הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
The act of burning the offering in a way that causes smoke to arise is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going to up to God in heaven. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “And the priest will cause the memorial portion to become smoke on the altar and ascend towards God in heaven”
its memorial portion
Quote: אֶת־ אַזְכָּרָתָ֗הּ (1)See how you translated this word in 2:2 and 2:9.
its memorial portion
Quote: אֶת־אַזְכָּרָתָ֗הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun its refers to the grain offering that was described in 2:14. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the memorial portion of the grain offering consisting of first ripe grains”
from its crushed grains
Quote: מִגִּרְשָׂהּ֙ (1)See how you translated this word in 2:14.
from its crushed grains
Quote: מִגִּרְשָׂהּ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun its refers to the grain offering that was described in 2:14. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the crushed grains of the grain offering consisting of first ripe grains”
and from its oil
Quote: וּמִשַּׁמְנָ֔הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun its refers to the grain offering that was described in 2:14. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the oil of the grain offering consisting of first ripe grains”
its incense
Quote: לְבֹנָתָ֑הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
The pronoun its refers to the grain offering that was described in 2:14. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the incense of the grain offering consisting of first ripe grains”
its incense
Quote: לְבֹנָתָ֑הּ (1)See how you translated this word in Leviticus 2:1, 2:2, and 2:15.
Leviticus 3
Leviticus 3 General Notes
Structure and formatting
This chapter gives instructions about how to offer a fellowship offering.
Special concepts in this chapter
Fat
The fat of the animal was considered the best part of the animal to eat. Therefore, this belonged to Yahweh. This is why the Israelites were not allowed to consume it.
Leviticus 3:1
General Information:
Moses continues telling the people what Yahweh wants them to do.
to the face of Yahweh
Quote: לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “to Yahweh”
Leviticus 3:2
And he will lay his hand on the head of
Quote: וְסָמַ֤ךְ יָדוֹ֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:4.
And the sons of Aaron, the priests, will splatter the blood
Quote: וְזָרְק֡וּ בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַכֹּהֲנִ֧ים אֶת־ הַדָּ֛ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
It is implied that before they sprinkle the blood, they catch blood in a bowl as the it drains from the animal.
Leviticus 3:3
the innards
Quote: אֶת־ הַקֶּ֔רֶב (1)Here, the inner parts refers to the stomach and intestines.
Leviticus 3:4
the loins
Quote: הַכְּסָלִ֑ים (1)The loins is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone.
and the lobe on the liver
Quote: הַיֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־ הַכָּבֵ֔ד (1)The lobe is the curved or rounded part of the liver. This is considered the best part of the liver to eat. Alternate translation: “the best part of the liver”
Leviticus 3:5
a pleasant smell to Yahweh
Quote: רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַֽיהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9.
Leviticus 3:7
to the face of Yahweh
Quote: לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “to Yahweh”
Leviticus 3:8
And he will lay his hand on the head of
Quote: וְסָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־ יָדוֹ֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal.
And the sons of Aaron will sprinkle its blood
Quote: וְ֠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־ דָּמ֛וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
It is implied that before they sprinkle the blood, they catch the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal.
Leviticus 3:9
the innards
Quote: אֶת־ הַקֶּ֔רֶב (1)The inner parts are the stomach and intestines.
Leviticus 3:10
and the two kidneys and the fat that {is} on them that {is} by the loins and the lobe on the liver (he will remove it with the kidneys
Quote: שְׁתֵּ֣י הַכְּלָיֹ֔ת וְאֶת־ הַחֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵהֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־ הַכְּסָלִ֑ים וְאֶת־ הַיֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־ הַכָּבֵ֔ד עַל־ הַכְּלָיֹ֖ת יְסִירֶֽנָּה (1)The words he will remove can be placed at the beginning of the sentence in verse 9. “he will remove the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, which is by the loins, and the lobe on the liver”
and the two kidneys
Quote: וְאֵת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הַכְּלָיֹ֔ת (1)You can start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He must remove the kidneys”
the loins
Quote: הַכְּסָלִ֑ים (1)The loins is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone.
and the lobe on the liver
Quote: הַיֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־ הַכָּבֵ֔ד (1)The lobe is the curved or rounded part of the liver. This is considered the best part of the liver to eat. Alternate translation: “the best part of the liver”
Leviticus 3:11
And the priest will cause it to become smoke on the altar, food of a gift to Yahweh
Quote: וְהִקְטִיר֥וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה לֶ֥חֶם אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה (1)Translate this in a way that makes it clear that Yahweh does not actually eat the food. Alternate translation: “will burn those things on the altar as an offering to Yahweh. Those things will come from your food supplies”
Leviticus 3:12
to the face of Yahweh
Quote: לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “to Yahweh”
Leviticus 3:13
And he will lay his hand on its head
Quote: וְסָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־ יָדוֹ֙ עַל־ רֹאשׁ֔וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:4.
And the sons of Aaron will sprinkle its blood
Quote: וְ֠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־ דָּמ֛וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
It is implied that before they sprinkle the blood, they catch the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal.
Leviticus 3:14
And … he will present
Quote: וְהִקְרִ֤יב (1)Here he refers to the person offering the sacrifice.
Leviticus 3:16
And the priest will cause them to become smoke on the altar, food of a gift, a pleasant smell
Quote: וְהִקְטִירָ֥ם הַכֹּהֵ֖ן הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה לֶ֤חֶם אִשֶּׁה֙ לְרֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ (1)Translate this in a way that it does not seem like Yahweh actually eats the food. Alternate translation: “will burn those things on the altar to be an offering to Yahweh. It will be as though they are food given to Yahweh”
a pleasant smell
Quote: לְרֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Yahweh is pleased with the aroma of burning meat when he is pleased with the worshiper’s sincerity. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9.
Leviticus 3:17
An enduring statute for your generations
Quote: חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם (1)This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever.
or any blood
Quote: וְכָל־ דָּ֖ם (1)Alternate translation: “or consume any blood”
Leviticus 4
Leviticus 4 General Notes
Structure and formatting
This chapter gives instructions on how to offer a sacrifice for unintentional sins. This is known as a sin offering. (See: грішити, грішити, гріх, гріхи, грішник)
Special concepts in this chapter
Unintentional sins
Many scholars have taken special note that all of the sacrifices concern sins that are unintentional and that no provision is offered for sins intentionally committed. Many have suggested that it is only the sacrifice of Jesus’ life that can be offered for these sins. Many also believe that this offering parallels the sacrifice of Jesus.
Leviticus 4:2
Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘A person, when she sins
Quote: דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל לֵאמֹר֒ נֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־ תֶחֱטָ֤א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes
This is a quotation that contains a quotation. You can use an direct quotation instead. “Tell the people of Israel that when anyone sins”
the commands of Yahweh, which will not be done
Quote: מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the commands of Yahweh that tell people what they must not do”
Leviticus 4:3
to the guilt of the people
Quote: לְאַשְׁמַ֣ת הָעָ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word guilt, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “so as to cause the people to be guilty”
Leviticus 4:4
And he will bring the bull
Quote: וְהֵבִ֣יא אֶת־ הַפָּ֗ר (1)Alternate translation: “And the high priest must bring the bull”
And he will lay his hand on the head of
Quote: וְסָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־ יָדוֹ֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:4.
Leviticus 4:5
And the anointed priest will take some of the blood of
Quote: וְלָקַ֛ח הַכֹּהֵ֥ן הַמָּשִׁ֖יחַ מִדַּ֣ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
It is implied that the priest catches the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal.
Leviticus 4:6
and he will sprinkle some of
Quote: וְהִזָּ֨ה מִן־ (1)Alternate translation: “and drip some of” or “and splatter some of”
Leviticus 4:7
the horns of the altar of
Quote: קַ֠רְנוֹת מִזְבַּ֨ח (1)The horns of the altar refer to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. Alternate translation: “the projections at the corners of the altar of”
he will pour out
Quote: יִשְׁפֹּךְ֙ (1)Alternate translation: “he will empty out”
toward the base of the altar of
Quote: אֶל־ יְסוֹד֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח (1)Alternate translation: “at the bottom of the altar of”
Leviticus 4:8
he will lift up
Quote: יָרִ֣ים (1)Alternate translation: “the priest will cut away”
the innards
Quote: הַקֶּ֔רֶב (1)The inner parts are the stomach and intestines.
Leviticus 4:9
the loins
Quote: הַכְּסָלִ֑ים (1)The loins is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone.
and the lobe on the liver
Quote: הַיֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־ הַכָּבֵ֔ד (1)This is the curved or rounded part of the liver. This is considered the best part of the liver to eat. Alternate translation: “the best part of the liver”
Leviticus 4:11
And the skin of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and with its legs and its innards and its dung
Quote: וְאֶת־ ע֤וֹר הַפָּר֙ וְאֶת־ כָּל־ בְּשָׂר֔וֹ עַל־ רֹאשׁ֖וֹ וְעַל־ כְּרָעָ֑יו וְקִרְבּ֖וֹ וּפִרְשֽׁוֹ (1)You may want to begin this sentence with words that tell your reader that the sentence is very long. “As for the skin of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and with its legs and its inner parts and its dung”
Leviticus 4:12
a clean place
Quote: מָק֤וֹם טָהוֹר֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A place that is ritually pure and suitable to use for serving God is spoken of as if it were physically clean.
Leviticus 4:13
from all the commands of Yahweh, which will not be done
Quote: מִכָּל־ מִצְוֺ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־ תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “commanded them not to do”
Leviticus 4:14
and the sin that they sinned concerning it becomes known
Quote: וְנֽוֹדְעָה֙ הַֽחַטָּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטְא֖וּ עָלֶ֑יהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and they realize that they have sinned against it”
Leviticus 4:15
And the elders of the congregation will lay their hands on the head of
Quote: וְ֠סָמְכוּ זִקְנֵ֨י הָעֵדָ֧ה אֶת־ יְדֵיהֶ֛ם עַל־ רֹ֥אשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
This is a symbolic action that identifies the people with the animal they are offering. In this way the people are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated a similar phrase in Leviticus 1:4.
And he will slaughter the bull
Quote: וְשָׁחַ֥ט אֶת־ הַפָּ֖ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And they will kill the bull”
Leviticus 4:16
And the anointed priest will bring some of the blood of
Quote: וְהֵבִ֛יא הַכֹּהֵ֥ן הַמָּשִׁ֖יחַ מִדַּ֣ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
It is implied that the priest caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained from the bull.
Leviticus 4:17
the curtain
Quote: הַפָּרֹֽכֶת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
It is implied that this is the curtain before the most holy place.
Leviticus 4:18
he will put
Quote: יִתֵּ֣ן (1)Alternate translation: “the priest will put”
the horns of the altar
Quote: קַרְנֹ֣ת הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ (1)Here, the horns of the altar refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in Leviticus 4:7.
And all the blood, he will pour out
Quote: כָּל־ הַדָּ֗ם יִשְׁפֹּךְ֙ (1)Alternate translation: “he will pour out the rest of the blood”
Leviticus 4:19
And all of its fat he will lift up from it, and he will cause {it} to become smoke
Quote: כָּל־ חֶלְבּ֖וֹ יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וְהִקְטִ֖יר (1)Alternate translation: “he will remove all the fat from the bull and burn the fat”
Leviticus 4:20
And he will do
Quote: וְעָשָׂ֣ה (1)Alternate translation: “And the priest must do”
And the priest will make atonement for them
Quote: וְכִפֶּ֧ר עֲלֵהֶ֛ם הַכֹּהֵ֖ן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word atonement, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for the people’s sins”
and it will be forgiven to them
Quote: וְנִסְלַ֥ח לָהֶֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive them”
Leviticus 4:22
from all the commands of Yahweh his God, which will not be done
Quote: מִכָּל־ מִצְוֺת֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהָ֜יו אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹא־ תֵעָשֶׂ֛ינָה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: from all the things that God has commanded the people not to do”
Leviticus 4:23
his sin that he has sinned in it is made known to him
Quote: הוֹדַ֤ע אֵלָיו֙ חַטָּאת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖א בָּ֑הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he realizes that he has sinned”
Leviticus 4:24
And he will lay
Quote: וְסָמַ֤ךְ (1)Alternate translation: “And the ruler will lay”
And he will lay his hand on the head of
Quote: וְסָמַ֤ךְ יָדוֹ֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:4.
where he slaughters
Quote: אֲשֶׁר־ יִשְׁחַ֥ט (1)Alternate translation: “where the priest kills”
to the face of Yahweh
Quote: לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה (1)Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “to Yahweh”
Leviticus 4:25
And the priest will take some of the blood of
Quote: וְלָקַ֨ח הַכֹּהֵ֜ן מִדַּ֤ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
It is implied that the priest will catch the blood in a bowl as the blood drains from the goat.
the horns of the altar of
Quote: קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח (1)The horns of the altar refer to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in Leviticus 4:7.
Leviticus 4:26
he will cause to become smoke
Quote: יַקְטִ֣יר (1)Alternate translation: “the priest will burn”
And the priest will make atonement for him
Quote: וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧יו הַכֹּהֵ֛ן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word atonement, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for the ruler”
and it will be forgiven to him
Quote: וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the ruler’s sins”
Leviticus 4:27
one {thing} from the commands of Yahweh, which will not be done
Quote: אַחַ֨ת מִמִּצְוֺ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־ תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
All of the people of Israel were commanded not to sin. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “one thing that Yahweh commanded the people not to do”
Leviticus 4:28
his sin that he sinned is made known to him
Quote: הוֹדַ֣ע אֵלָ֔יו חַטָּאת֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֑א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he becomes aware of the sin he committed”
Leviticus 4:29
And he will lay his hand on the head of
Quote: וְסָמַךְ֙ אֶת־ יָד֔וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:4.
Leviticus 4:30
And the priest will take some of its blood
Quote: וְלָקַ֨ח הַכֹּהֵ֤ן מִדָּמָהּ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
It is implied that the priest will catch the blood in a bowl as the blood drains from the animal.
the horns of the altar
Quote: קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח (1)The horns of the altar refer to the corners of the altar, which are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in Leviticus 4:7.
And all its blood
Quote: כָּל־ דָּמָ֣הּ (1)Alternate translation: “all the blood remaining in the bowl”
Leviticus 4:31
he will remove
Quote: יָסִ֗יר (1)Here he refers to the person offering the sacrifice.
just as the fat is removed
Quote: כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר הוּסַ֣ר חֵלֶב֮ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as a person cuts away the fat”
And the priest will cause {it} to become smoke
Quote: וְהִקְטִ֤יר הַכֹּהֵן֙ (1)Alternate translation: “And the priest will burn the fat”
as a pleasant smell to Yahweh
Quote: לְרֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָ֑ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9.
And the priest will make atonement for him
Quote: וְכִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛יו הַכֹּהֵ֖ן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word atonement, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for the man’s sins”
and it will be forgiven to him
Quote: וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive the man’s sins”
Leviticus 4:33
And he will lay his hand on the head of
Quote: וְסָמַךְ֙ אֶת־ יָד֔וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:4.
where he slaughters
Quote: אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁחַ֖ט (1)Alternate translation: “where the priest kills”
Leviticus 4:34
the horns of the altar of
Quote: קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח (1)The horns of the altar refer to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in Leviticus 4:7.
And all its blood, he will pour out
Quote: כָּל־ דָּמָ֣הּ יִשְׁפֹּ֔ךְ (1)Alternate translation: “he will pour out the rest of its blood”
Leviticus 4:35
he will remove
Quote: יָסִ֗יר (1)Here, he refers to the person offering the sacrifice.
just as the fat of the lamb is removed
Quote: כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יוּסַ֥ר חֵֽלֶב־ הַכֶּשֶׂב֮ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as a person cuts away the fat of the lamb”
And the priest will cause them to become smoke
Quote: וְהִקְטִ֨יר הַכֹּהֵ֤ן אֹתָם֙ (1)Alternate translation: “And the priest will burn the fat”
And the priest will make atonement for him for his sin
Quote: וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧יו הַכֹּהֵ֛ן עַל־ חַטָּאת֥וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word atonement, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for the sin the person committed”
and it will be forgiven to him
Quote: וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive the man’s sins”
Leviticus 5
Leviticus 5 General Notes
Structure and formatting
This chapter gives instructions about how to offer a specific type of sacrifice.
Special concepts in this chapter
Not testifying
If a person saw a crime, or a wrong being done, they were required to be a witness about what they saw or heard. (See: свідоцтво, свідчити, свідок)
Sacrifices for the poor
This chapter explains that poor people were allowed to offer less expensive sacrifices if they could not afford more costly sacrifices.
Leviticus 5:1
General Information:
Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
Leviticus 5:2
unclean … unclean … unclean … unclean … is} unclean
Quote: טָמֵא֒ & טְמֵאָ֗ה & טְמֵאָ֔ה & טָמֵ֑א & טָמֵ֖א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
the carcass of … the carcass of … the carcass of
Quote: בְנִבְלַ֨ת & בְּנִבְלַת֙ & בְּנִבְלַ֖ת (1)Alternate translation: “it be the dead body of … the dead body of … the dead body of”
Leviticus 5:3
when he touches the uncleanness of a man
Quote: כִ֤י יִגַּע֙ בְּטֻמְאַ֣ת אָדָ֔ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word uncleanness, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “if he touches anything that makes a person unclean”
the uncleanness of … his uncleanness … he becomes unclean
Quote: בְּטֻמְאַ֣ת & טֻמְאָת֔וֹ & יִטְמָ֖א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Something that Yahweh has declared unfit for a person to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
and it is hidden from him
Quote: וְנֶעְלַ֣ם מִמֶּ֔נּוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he does not realize it” or “and he does not know about it”
Leviticus 5:4
a person, when she swears {an oath} by speaking thoughtlessly with two lips
Quote: נֶ֡פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תִשָּׁבַע֩ לְבַטֵּ֨א בִשְׂפָתַ֜יִם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche
Here, lips represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “if anyone swears rashly”
a person, when she swears {an oath} by speaking thoughtlessly
Quote: נֶ֡פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תִשָּׁבַע֩ לְבַטֵּ֨א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This means to swear an oath without thinking seriously about it. It implies that after the person swears the oath that he either cannot fulfill it or he does not really want to fulfill it.
Leviticus 5:6
And the priest will make atonement for him
Quote: וְכִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛יו הַכֹּהֵ֖ן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word atonement, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for him”
Leviticus 5:8
And he will twist off its head from the back of its neck, but he will not divide {it
Quote: וּמָלַ֧ק אֶת־ רֹאשׁ֛וֹ מִמּ֥וּל עָרְפּ֖וֹ וְלֹ֥א יַבְדִּֽיל (1)Alternate translation: “And he will kill it by twisting its head and breaking its neck, but he will not remove the head”
Leviticus 5:10
according to the regulation
Quote: כַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט (1)Alternate translation: “as Yahweh has instructed”
And the priest will make atonement for him
Quote: וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧יו הַכֹּהֵ֛ן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word atonement, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for him”
and it will be forgiven to him
Quote: וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive the person”
Leviticus 5:11
a tenth of an ephah of
Quote: עֲשִׂירִ֧ת הָאֵפָ֛ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume
An ephah is 22 liters. A tenth of an ephah is about two liters.
a tenth of
Quote: עֲשִׂירִ֧ת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction
A tenth is one part out of ten equal parts.
Leviticus 5:12
And he will bring it
Quote: וֶהֱבִיאָהּ֮ (1)Alternate translation: “And he must bring the fine flour”
its memorial portion
Quote: אֶת־ אַזְכָּרָתָה֙ (1)The memorial offering is the handful that the priest burns on the altar represents the entire offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. See how you translated this in Leviticus 2:2.
Leviticus 5:13
And the priest will make atonement for him
Quote: וְכִפֶּר֩ עָלָ֨יו הַכֹּהֵ֜ן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word atonement, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for him”
and it will be forgiven to him
Quote: וְנִסְלַ֣ח ל֑וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive that person’s sins”
Leviticus 5:15
A person, when she trespasses a trespass, and she sins by mistake from the holy {things} of Yahweh
Quote: נֶ֚פֶשׁ כִּֽי־ תִמְעֹ֣ל מַ֔עַל וְחָֽטְאָה֙ בִּשְׁגָגָ֔ה מִקָּדְשֵׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה (1)This means the person sinned by not giving to Yahweh what Yahweh commanded him to give. Alternate translation: “If a person sins by failing to give to Yahweh what belongs to Yahweh”
Leviticus 5:16
and a fifth of it he will add to it
Quote: וְאֶת־ חֲמִֽישִׁתוֹ֙ יוֹסֵ֣ף עָלָ֔יו (1)This means the person must pay an extra one-fifth of the value of what he owes to Yahweh.
and a fifth of it
Quote: חֲמִֽישִׁתוֹ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction
The one-fifth is one part out of five equal parts.
And the priest will make atonement for him
Quote: וְהַכֹּהֵ֗ן יְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָ֛יו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word atonement, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for him”
and it will be forgiven to him
Quote: וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive that person”
Leviticus 5:17
one {thing} from all the commands of Yahweh, which will not be done
Quote: אַחַת֙ מִכָּל־ מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “one thing that Yahweh has commanded the people not to do”
and he will carry his iniquity
Quote: וְנָשָׂ֥א עֲוֺנֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person’s iniquity is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries. Here the word iniquity represents the punishment for that guilt. Alternate translation: “and he is responsible for his own guilt” or “Yahweh will punish him for his sin”
Leviticus 5:18
in your valuation
Quote: בְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis
This means the person must determine how many shekels the ram is worth by using the official standard of the sacred tent. See Leviticus 5:15.
and it will be forgiven to him
Quote: וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive him”
Leviticus 5:19
He is surely guilty to Yahweh
Quote: אָשֹׁ֥ם אָשַׁ֖ם לַיהוָֽה (1)Alternate translation: “Yahweh certainly considers him guilty”
Leviticus 6
Leviticus 6 General Notes
Structure and formatting
This chapter gives instructions on how to offer guilt offerings, burnt offerings, and grain offerings.
Special concepts in this chapter
Eating sacrifices
The Levites were allowed to eat some of the leftover parts of the sacrifice, while they were not allowed to eat other sacrifices. The reasons for this is unknown.
Leviticus 6:2
and she trespasses a trespass against Yahweh
Quote: וּמָעֲלָ֥ה מַ֖עַל בַּיהוָ֑ה (1)Alternate translation: “and disobeys one of Yahweh’s commandments”
Leviticus 6:4
the deposit that was deposited with him
Quote: אֶת־ הַפִּקָּד֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָפְקַ֖ד אִתּ֑וֹ (1)If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “not returning something he borrowed”
Leviticus 6:5
in its head
Quote: בְּרֹאשׁ֔וֹ (1)Alternate translation: “fully” or “totally”
and he will add the fifth of it
Quote: וַחֲמִשִׁתָ֖יו יֹסֵ֣ף (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction
This means the person must return what he owes to someone and pay an extra one-fifth of the value. See how you translated this in Leviticus 5:16.
To whomever it {is} to him, he will give it
Quote: לַאֲשֶׁ֨ר ה֥וּא ל֛וֹ יִתְּנֶ֖נּוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he must pay the person he owes”
Leviticus 6:6
in your valuation
Quote: בְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis
This means the person must determine how many shekels the ram is worth by using the official standard of the sacred tent. You can make clear the understood information. See how this was translated in Leviticus 5:15.
Leviticus 6:7
And the priest will make atonement for him
Quote: וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧יו הַכֹּהֵ֛ן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word atonement, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the priest will atone for him”
to the face of Yahweh
Quote: לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה (1)Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh”
and it will be forgiven to him
Quote: וְנִסְלַ֣ח ל֑וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
This means Yahweh will forgive the person, not the priest. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and God will forgive him”
Leviticus 6:9
Command Aaron and his sons, saying, ‘This {is} the instruction of the burnt offering
Quote: צַ֤ו אֶֽת־ אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶת־ בָּנָ֣יו לֵאמֹ֔ר זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הָעֹלָ֑ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes
This sentence has a quotation within a quotation. You can state this as an indirect quotation. “Tell Aaron and his sons that this is the law”
will be} on the hearth, on the altar
Quote: עַל֩ מוֹקְדָ֨ה עַל־ הַמִּזְבֵּ֤חַ (1)Alternate translation: “must be on top of the altar”
And the fire of the altar will be made to burn on it
Quote: וְאֵ֥שׁ הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ תּ֥וּקַד בּֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And you must keep the fire of the altar burning”
Leviticus 6:10
and the undergarments of linen, he will wear
Quote: וּמִֽכְנְסֵי־ בַד֮ יִלְבַּ֣שׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
Linen is a white cloth. Alternate translation: “and he will put on his white underclothes”
where the fire consumes the burnt offering on the altar
Quote: אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאכַ֥ל הָאֵ֛שׁ אֶת־ הָעֹלָ֖ה עַל־ הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ (1)The fire completely burning up the offering is spoken of as if it consumed or used up the burnt offering.
Leviticus 6:11
to a clean place
Quote: אֶל־ מָק֖וֹם טָהֽוֹר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Here, a clean place that is fit to be used for God’s purposes is spoken of as if it were physically clean.
Leviticus 6:12
But the fire on the altar will be made to burn on it
Quote: וְהָאֵ֨שׁ עַל־ הַמִּזְבֵּ֤חַ תּֽוּקַד־ בּוֹ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the priest will keep the fire on the altar burning”
Leviticus 6:15
a pleasant smell
Quote: רֵ֧יחַ נִיחֹ֛חַ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. See how you translated a similar phrase in Leviticus 1:9.
its memorial portion
Quote: אַזְכָּרָתָ֖הּ (1)The memorial portion was a handful of the grain offering representing the whole grain offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh. See how you translated this in Leviticus 2:2.
Leviticus 6:16
it will be eaten
Quote: תֵּֽאָכֵל֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They must eat it”
Leviticus 6:17
It will not be baked {with} leaven
Quote: לֹ֤א תֵאָפֶה֙ חָמֵ֔ץ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not bake it with yeast”
Leviticus 6:18
Anything that touches them will be holy
Quote: כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־ יִגַּ֥ע בָּהֶ֖ם יִקְדָּֽשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This could mean: (1) this refers to any object that touches this offering. This is a warning to keep unclean things away from the offering. (2) this refers to any person who touches this offering. This is an implied warning that those who are not male descendants of Aaron should not touch this offering. Alternate translation: “anyone who touches them will become holy”
Leviticus 6:20
on the day of his being anointed
Quote: בְּיוֹם֙ הִמָּשַׁ֣ח אֹת֔וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
It is implied that they will be anointed when they become priests. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “on the day when he is anointed as priest”
on the day of his being anointed
Quote: בְּיוֹם֙ הִמָּשַׁ֣ח אֹת֔וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on the day when he anoints each son as priest”
a tenth of an ephah of
Quote: עֲשִׂירִ֨ת הָאֵפָ֥ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume
An ephah is 22 liters. A tenth part of an ephah is about 2 liters.
a tenth of
Quote: עֲשִׂירִ֨ת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction
A tenth is one part of ten equal parts.
Leviticus 6:21
It will be made
Quote: תֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will make it”
on a griddle
Quote: עַֽל־ מַחֲבַ֗ת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
This griddle was a thick plate made of either clay or metal. The griddle was placed over a fire, and the dough cooked on top of the plate. See how you translated “flat iron pan” in Leviticus 2:5.
Mixed
Quote: מֻרְבֶּ֣כֶת (1)Alternate translation: “When the flour is completely wet with oil”
you will bring it
Quote: תְּבִיאֶ֑נָּה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you
Here, you refers to the person offering the sacrifice.
a pleasant smell to Yahweh
Quote: רֵֽיחַ־ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9.
Leviticus 6:22
the} whole will be made to become smoke
Quote: כָּלִ֥יל תָּקְטָֽר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he must completely burn all of it”
Leviticus 6:25
Speak to Aaron and to his sons, saying, ‘This {is} the instruction of
Quote: דַּבֵּ֤ר אֶֽל־ אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶל־ בָּנָ֣יו לֵאמֹ֔ר זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes
This sentence has a quotation within a quotation. You can state this as an indirect quotation. “Tell Aaron and his sons that this is the law”
Speak to Aaron and to his sons
Quote: דַּבֵּ֤ר אֶֽל־ אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶל־ בָּנָ֣יו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Yahweh is speaking to Aaron and his sons, but these regulations apply to all priest who perform these sacrifices. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear.
the purification offering will be slaughtered to the face of Yahweh
Quote: תִּשָּׁחֵ֤ט הַֽחַטָּאת֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
It can be made explicit that before the face of Yahweh refers to the north side of the altar. See Leviticus 1:10–11.
the purification offering will be slaughtered
Quote: תִּשָּׁחֵ֤ט הַֽחַטָּאת֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must kill the sin offering”
where the burnt offering will be slaughtered
Quote: אֲשֶׁר֩ תִּשָּׁחֵ֨ט הָעֹלָ֜ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “where you kill the animal for the burnt offering”
Leviticus 6:26
it will be eaten
Quote: תֵּֽאָכֵ֔ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He must eat it”
Leviticus 6:27
Everything that touches its flesh will be holy
Quote: כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־ יִגַּ֥ע בִּבְשָׂרָ֖הּ יִקְדָּ֑שׁ (1)See how you translated a similar sentence in 6:18.
And whoever sprinkles some of the blood
Quote: וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִזֶּ֤ה מִדָּמָהּ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if the blood sprinkles” or “And if you sprinkle some of the blood”
Leviticus 6:28
And the container of earthenware, which it is boiled in it, will be shattered
Quote: וּכְלִי־ חֶ֛רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּבֻשַּׁל־ בּ֖וֹ יִשָּׁבֵ֑ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And you must break the clay pot in which you boiled the meat”
But if it is boiled in a container of bronze, then it will be scoured, and it will be rinsed with water
Quote: וְאִם־ בִּכְלִ֤י נְחֹ֨שֶׁת֙ בֻּשָּׁ֔לָה וּמֹרַ֥ק וְשֻׁטַּ֖ף בַּמָּֽיִם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if you boiled the meat in a bronze pot, then you must scrub the pot and rinse it with clean water”
Leviticus 6:30
But every purification offering that some of its blood is brought into the tent of meeting to make atonement in the holy place, it will not be eaten
Quote: וְכָל־ חַטָּ֡את אֲשֶׁר֩ יוּבָ֨א מִדָּמָ֜הּ אֶל־ אֹ֧הֶל מוֹעֵ֛ד לְכַפֵּ֥ר בַּקֹּ֖דֶשׁ לֹ֣א תֵאָכֵ֑ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And no one may eat any sin offering whose blood the priest has brought into the tent of meeting to make atonement in the holy place”
It will be burned
Quote: תִּשָּׂרֵֽף (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The priest must burn it”
Leviticus 7
Leviticus 7 General Notes
Structure and formatting
This chapter gives instructions on how to offer guilt offerings, peace offerings and freewill offerings.
Special concepts in this chapter
Blood
The people were not allowed to eat or drink the blood of the sacrificed meat because life was considered to be in the blood of the animal. (See: кров and Leviticus 17:11)
Leviticus 7:1
General Information:
Yahweh continues telling Moses what he must tell Aaron and his sons.
Leviticus 7:2
In the place where they slaughter the burnt offering
Quote: בִּמְק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁחֲטוּ֙ אֶת־ הָ֣עֹלָ֔ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
It can be made explicit that this refers to the north side of the altar where the animals for the burnt offerings are killed. See Leviticus 1:10–11.
Leviticus 7:3
all its fat will be offered from it
Quote: כָּל־ חֶלְבּ֖וֹ יַקְרִ֣יב מִמֶּ֑נּוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the priest must offer all the fat in it”
the inner parts
Quote: אֶת־ הַקֶּֽרֶב (1)The inner parts are the stomach and intestines.
Leviticus 7:4
the loins
Quote: הַכְּסָלִ֑ים (1)The loins is the part of the body on the sides of the backbone between the ribs and hipbone. See how you translated this in Leviticus 3:4.
Leviticus 7:6
It must be eaten
Quote: יֵאָכֵ֔ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They must eat it”
Leviticus 7:7
The law is the same for them
Quote: תּוֹרָ֥ה אַחַ֖ת לָהֶ֑ם (1)Alternate translation: “The law is the same for both of them”
The priest who makes atonement with it
Quote: הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְכַפֶּר־ בּ֖וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word atonement, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The priest who offers the sacrifice to atone for someone’s sins”
Leviticus 7:8
the hide of
Quote: ע֤וֹר (1)The hide is the coat or skin of a herd animal.
Leviticus 7:9
that is baked in an oven, … cooked in a frying pan
Quote: אֲשֶׁ֤ר תֵּֽאָפֶה֙ בַּתַּנּ֔וּר & נַעֲשָׂ֥ה בַמַּרְחֶ֖שֶׁת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that someone bakes in an oven … that someone cooks in a frying pan”
in an oven
Quote: בַּתַּנּ֔וּר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
This oven was probably a hollow object made of clay. A fire was lit under the oven, and the heat would bake the dough inside of the oven. See how you translated this in Leviticus 2:4.
in a frying pan
Quote: בַמַּרְחֶ֖שֶׁת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
This frying pan was metal plate with rounded edges. The dough was placed in the pan and cooked over a fire. See how you translated “pan” in Leviticus 2:7.
a griddle
Quote: מַחֲבַ֑ת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
This griddle was a thick plate made of either clay or metal. The plate was placed over a fire, and the dough cooked on top of the plate. See how you translated “flat iron pan” in Leviticus 2:5.
Leviticus 7:12
cakes without yeast mixed with oil
Quote: חַלּ֤וֹת מַצּוֹת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “of cakes without yeast that he mixed with oil”
cakes
Quote: חַלּ֤וֹת (1)Here, cakes refers to a thick bread.
and wafers without yeast smeared with oil
Quote: וּרְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֣ים בַּשָּׁ֑מֶן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “of thin cakes without yeast upon which he spread oil”
and wafers
Quote: וּרְקִיקֵ֥י (1)Here, wafers refers to a thin bread.
and well-mixed cakes of fine flour mixed with oil
Quote: וְסֹ֣לֶת מֻרְבֶּ֔כֶת חַלֹּ֖ת בְּלוּלֹ֥ת בַּשָּֽׁמֶן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “of cakes that he made with fine flour into which he thoroughly mixed oil”
and well-mixed cakes of fine flour
Quote: וְסֹ֣לֶת מֻרְבֶּ֔כֶת חַלֹּ֖ת (1)These cakes were a thick bread. It is similar to the first type of bread except it is made with the finest flour.
Leviticus 7:13
the cakes
Quote: חַלֹּת֙ (1)These cakes were a thick bread.
Leviticus 7:15
He must not leave
Quote: לֹֽא־ יַנִּ֥יחַ (1)Alternate translation: “The person who offers the sacrifice must not leave”
And the meat of the thanksgiving sacrifice of the peace offerings
Quote: וּבְשַׂ֗ר זֶ֚בַח תּוֹדַ֣ת שְׁלָמָ֔יו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word thanksgiving, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the meat that makes up the peace offering for the purpose of thanking Yahweh”
Leviticus 7:16
it may be eaten … whatever remains of it may be eaten
Quote: יֵאָכֵ֑ל & וְהַנּוֹתָ֥ר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ יֵאָכֵֽל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he may eat it … he may eat whatever remains of it”
Leviticus 7:17
on the third day
Quote: בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal
The word third is the ordinal number for three. Alternate translation: “after two days”
And what is left from the meat of the sacrifice must be burned in the fire on the third day
Quote: וְהַנּוֹתָ֖ר מִבְּשַׂ֣ר הַזָּ֑בַח בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י בָּאֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵֽף (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And on the third day he must burn in the fire what is left from the meat of the sacrifice”
Leviticus 7:18
And if any of the meat of the sacrifice of his peace offerings to be eaten is eaten on the third day
Quote: וְאִ֣ם הֵאָכֹ֣ל יֵ֠אָכֵל מִבְּשַׂר־ זֶ֨בַח שְׁלָמָ֜יו בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי֮ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If anyone eats the meat of his peace offering sacrifice on the third day”
it will not be accepted
Quote: לֹ֣א יֵרָצֶה֒ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not accept it”
It will not be credited to the one who offered it
Quote: הַמַּקְרִ֣יב אֹת֗וֹ לֹ֧א יֵחָשֵׁ֛ב ל֖וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not honor the sacrifice of the person who offered it”
will carry his iniquity
Quote: עֲוֺנָ֥הּ תִּשָּֽׂא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person being responsible for the sin he committed is spoken of as if he had to carry his iniquity physically.
Leviticus 7:19
And the meat that touches any unclean thing must not be eaten
Quote: וְהַבָּשָׂ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־ יִגַּ֤ע בְּכָל־ טָמֵא֙ לֹ֣א יֵֽאָכֵ֔ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And no one may eat meat that touches something unclean”
unclean thing
Quote: טָמֵא֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
It must be burned
Quote: יִשָּׂרֵ֑ף (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must burn it”
anyone who is clean
Quote: כָּל־ טָה֖וֹר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean.
Leviticus 7:20
while his uncleanness is on him
Quote: וְטֻמְאָת֖וֹ עָלָ֑יו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if his uncleanness were physically placed on him.
that person must be cut off from his people
Quote: וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּֽיהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “that person must be separated from his people like a branch cut from a tree”
that person must be cut off from his people
Quote: וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּֽיהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people”
Leviticus 7:21
the uncleanness of a human
Quote: בְּטֻמְאַ֤ת אָדָם֙ (1)Here, a human could be either a man or a woman. Alternate translation: “a person”
or any unclean detestable thing
Quote: א֚וֹ בְּכָל־ שֶׁ֣קֶץ טָמֵ֔א (1)Alternate translation: “or of some unclean thing that disgusts Yahweh”
that person must be cut off from his people
Quote: וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּֽיהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated this in Leviticus 7:20.
that person must be cut off from his people
Quote: וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּֽיהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must remove that person from your people”
Leviticus 7:24
And the fat of a carcass or the fat of an animal torn by wild animals may be used for any other use, but you must certainly not eat it
Quote: וְחֵ֤לֶב נְבֵלָה֙ וְחֵ֣לֶב טְרֵפָ֔ה יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה לְכָל־ מְלָאכָ֑ה וְאָכֹ֖ל לֹ֥א תֹאכְלֻֽהוּ (1)Alternate translation: “And you may certainly not eat the fat of a carcass or the fat of an animal that was torn by wild animals, but you may use it for other purposes”
or the fat of an animal torn by wild animals
Quote: וְחֵ֣לֶב טְרֵפָ֔ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “or the fat of an animal that wild animals killed”
may be used
Quote: יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you may use”
Leviticus 7:25
then the person who ate it must be cut off from his people
Quote: וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הָאֹכֶ֖לֶת מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated this in Leviticus 7:20.
then the person who ate it must be cut off from his people
Quote: וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הָאֹכֶ֖לֶת מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in Leviticus 7:20.
Leviticus 7:26
in any of your dwellings
Quote: בְּכֹ֖ל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶ֑ם (1)Alternate translation: “in any of your homes” or “wherever you live”
Leviticus 7:29
Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘He who offers
Quote: דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר הַמַּקְרִ֞יב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes
This sentence has a quotation within a quotation. You can translate this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Tell the people of Israel that the one who offers”
Leviticus 7:30
His hands must bring
Quote: יָדָ֣יו תְּבִיאֶ֔ינָה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche
Here His hands represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “He must bring”
the breast
Quote: אֵ֣ת הֶחָזֶ֗ה (1)The breast is the front part of the animal’s body below the neck.
to wave it as a wave offering
Quote: לְהָנִ֥יף אֹת֛וֹ תְּנוּפָ֖ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
Here, to wave the offering is a symbolic gesture that shows that the person is dedicating the sacrifice to Yahweh.
Leviticus 7:32
the right thigh
Quote: שׁ֣וֹק הַיָּמִ֔ין (1)The thigh is the upper part of the leg above the knee.
Leviticus 7:34
I have taken
Quote: לָקַ֨חְתִּי֙ (1)Here, I refers to Yahweh.
Leviticus 7:36
on the day of his anointing them
Quote: בְּיוֹם֙ מָשְׁח֣וֹ אֹתָ֔ם (1)Alternate translation: “on the day Moses anointed them as priests”
throughout their generations
Quote: לְדֹרֹתָֽם (1)See how you translated these words in Leviticus 3:17.
Leviticus 7:37
[GL Quote Not Found!]
Quote: Connecting Statement: (0)Connecting Statement:
Verses 37–38 are the end of a speech started in verse Leviticus 7:29.
Leviticus 8
Leviticus 8 General Notes
Structure and formatting
In this chapter, Moses set apart, or consecrated, the sons of Aaron to be priests. (See: святити, освячувати, освятити and священик)
Leviticus 8:1
General Information:
In chapter 8 Moses ordains Aaron and his sons as priests according to the commands of Yahweh that Moses recorded in the book of Exodus.
Leviticus 8:2
the garments
Quote: הַבְּגָדִ֔ים (1)Alternate translation: “the priestly garments” or “the clothes that the priests wore”
Leviticus 8:5
Yahweh has commanded to be done
Quote: צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לַעֲשֽׂוֹת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh commands us to do”
Leviticus 8:6
and washed them with water
Quote: וַיִּרְחַ֥ץ אֹתָ֖ם בַּמָּֽיִם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
This is a symbolic action. It is a ritually cleaning that prepares them to become priests.
Leviticus 8:7
the tunic … with the sash, … the robe, … the ephod … with the finely-woven waistband of the ephod
Quote: אֶת־ הַכֻּתֹּ֗נֶת & בָּֽאַבְנֵ֔ט & הַמְּעִ֔יל & אֶת־ הָאֵפֹ֑ד & בְּחֵ֨שֶׁב֙ הָֽאֵפֹ֔ד (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
These are special garments that Yahweh commanded the people to make for the priests.
with the sash
Quote: בָּֽאַבְנֵ֔ט (1)A sash is a long piece of cloth that is tied around the waist or chest.
and bound it on him
Quote: וַיֶּאְפֹּ֥ד ל֖וֹ בּֽוֹ (1)Alternate translation: “and tied it around him”
Leviticus 8:8
And he placed … on him, … the breastpiece
Quote: וַיָּ֥שֶׂם עָלָ֖יו אֶת־ הַחֹ֑שֶׁן (1)Alternate translation: “And Moses placed the breastpiece on Aaron”
the breastpiece … the breastpiece
Quote: אֶת־ הַחֹ֑שֶׁן & הַחֹ֔שֶׁן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This is a special garment that Yahweh commanded the people to make for the priests.
the Urim and the Thummim
Quote: אֶת־ הָאוּרִ֖ים וְאֶת־ הַתֻּמִּֽים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
It is not clear what the Urim and the Thummim are. They were objects that the priest somehow used to determine the will of God.
Leviticus 8:9
the turban
Quote: אֶת־ הַמִּצְנֶ֖פֶת (1)A turban is a man’s head covering that is a long piece of cloth wrapped around the head.
the golden rosette, the holy crown
Quote: אֵ֣ת צִ֤יץ הַזָּהָב֙ נֵ֣זֶר הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ (1)These two phrases refer to the same thing. It was a plate of pure gold attached to the turban.
Leviticus 8:11
all its utensils
Quote: כָּל־ כֵּלָ֗יו (1)These utensils were all the pots, pans, shovels, and forks used at the altar.
the washbasin
Quote: הַכִּיֹּ֛ר (1)This washbasin was a bronze basin that was located between the altar and the tabernacle.
its base
Quote: כַּנּ֖וֹ (1)This base was a bronze stand on which the washbasin was placed.
Leviticus 8:12
And he poured
Quote: וַיִּצֹק֙ (1)Alternate translation: “And Moses poured”
Leviticus 8:13
with sashes
Quote: אַבְנֵ֔ט (1)The word sashes is the plural form of “sash.” See how you translated this in Leviticus 8:7.
Leviticus 8:14
And Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of
Quote: וַיִּסְמֹ֨ךְ אַהֲרֹ֤ן וּבָנָיו֙ אֶת־ יְדֵיהֶ֔ם עַל־ רֹ֖אשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
This is a symbolic action that identifies Aaron and his sons with the animal they are offering. In this way they are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:4.
Leviticus 8:15
the horns of the altar
Quote: קַרְנ֨וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּ֤חַ (1)The horns of the altar refer to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in Leviticus 4:7.
And he set it apart
Quote: וַֽיְקַדְּשֵׁ֖הוּ (1)Alternate translation: “And he set the altar apart for God”
to make atonement upon it
Quote: לְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽיו (1)Here, to make atonement means to make the altar fit for use in serving God. Alternate translation: “in order to make it a suitable place for burning sacrifices for sin”
Leviticus 8:16
the inner parts
Quote: הַקֶּרֶב֒ (1)The inner parts were the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9.
the liver, … kidneys
Quote: הַכָּבֵ֔ד & הַכְּלָיֹ֖ת (1)See how you translated these words in Leviticus 3:4.
Leviticus 8:17
its hide
Quote: עֹרוֹ֙ (1)A hide is the coat or skin of a herd animal.
Leviticus 8:18
And Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of
Quote: וַֽיִּסְמְכ֞וּ אַהֲרֹ֧ן וּבָנָ֛יו אֶת־ יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־ רֹ֥אשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
This is a symbolic action that identifies Aaron and his sons with the animal they are offering. In this way they are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:4.
Leviticus 8:21
a sweet aroma
Quote: לְרֵֽיחַ־ נִיחֹ֨חַ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated a similar phrase in Leviticus 1:9.
Leviticus 8:22
the ram of consecration
Quote: אֵ֖יל הַמִּלֻּאִ֑ים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word consecration, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the ram for setting Aaron and his sons apart for service to God”
And Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of
Quote: וַֽיִּסְמְכ֞וּ אַהֲרֹ֧ן וּבָנָ֛יו אֶת־ יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־ רֹ֥אשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
This is a symbolic action that identifies Aaron and his sons with the animal they are offering. In this way the they are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:4.
Leviticus 8:23
And Moses slaughtered it and took some of its blood
Quote: וַיִּשְׁחָ֓ט׀ וַיִּקַּ֤ח מֹשֶׁה֙ מִדָּמ֔וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
It is implied that Moses caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained out from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “And Moses slaughtered it, caught some of the blood in a bowl,”
Leviticus 8:25
the inner parts
Quote: הַקֶּרֶב֒ (1)Here, the inner parts refers to the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9.
the liver, … the … kidneys
Quote: הַכָּבֵ֔ד & הַכְּלָיֹ֖ת (1)See how you translated these words in Leviticus 3:4.
the right thigh
Quote: שׁ֥וֹק הַיָּמִֽין (1)The thigh is the upper part of the leg above the knee. See how you translated this in Leviticus 7:32.
Leviticus 8:26
And from the basket of bread without yeast that was before the face of Yahweh
Quote: וּמִסַּ֨ל הַמַּצּ֜וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר׀ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה (1)This does not refer to the location of the basket of bread. It means this is the bread that Moses had dedicated to Yahweh.
Leviticus 8:27
And he put it all in the hands of Aaron and in the hands of his sons
Quote: וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אֶת־ הַכֹּ֔ל עַ֚ל כַּפֵּ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן וְעַ֖ל כַּפֵּ֣י בָנָ֑יו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche
Here, hands represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “gave it all to Aaron and his sons”
and waved them before the face of Yahweh as a wave offering
Quote: וַיָּ֧נֶף אֹתָ֛ם תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
It is implied that Aaron and his sons presented the offering. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “and Aaron and his sons waved them before Yahweh as a wave offering”
and waved them
Quote: וַיָּ֧נֶף אֹתָ֛ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
This is a symbolic action that dedicates the offering to Yahweh.
Leviticus 8:28
And Moses took them
Quote: וַיִּקַּ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֹתָם֙ (1)Here, them refers to the fat, thigh, and all of the bread.
They were a consecration offering
Quote: מִלֻּאִ֥ים הֵם֙ (1)Alternate translation: “They were an offering for setting Aaron and his sons apart for service to Yahweh”
a sweet aroma
Quote: לְרֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated a similar phrase in Leviticus 1:9.
Leviticus 8:29
the breast
Quote: אֶת־ הֶ֣חָזֶ֔ה (1)The breast is the front part of the animal’s body below the neck.
from the ram of consecration
Quote: מֵאֵ֣יל הַמִּלֻּאִ֗ים (1)Here, * consecration* refers to an official ceremony that makes someone a priest.
Leviticus 8:31
is in the basket of consecration
Quote: בְּסַ֣ל הַמִּלֻּאִ֑ים (1)This means the basket contains offerings used while consecrating Aaron and his sons.
I commanded, saying, ‘Aaron and his sons will eat it
Quote: צִוֵּ֨יתִי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אַהֲרֹ֥ן וּבָנָ֖יו יֹאכְלֻֽהוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes
This is a quotation within a quotation. You can state this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “I commanded Aaron and his sons will eat it”
Leviticus 8:33
until the day of the fulfillment of the days of your consecration
Quote: עַ֚ד י֣וֹם מְלֹ֔את יְמֵ֖י מִלֻּאֵיכֶ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until you fulfill the days of your ordination”
the days of your consecration
Quote: יְמֵ֖י מִלֻּאֵיכֶ֑ם (1)This consecration was an official ceremony that made someone a priest. See how you translated this in Leviticus 8:29.
Leviticus 8:34
to be done
Quote: לַעֲשֹׂ֖ת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “us to do”
to make atonement for you
Quote: לְכַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵיכֶֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word atonement, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to atone for your sins”
Leviticus 8:35
this is what I have been commanded
Quote: כֵ֖ן צֻוֵּֽיתִי (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this is what he has commanded me”
Leviticus 9
Leviticus 9 General Notes
Structure and formatting
Aaron begins to function as the high priest in this chapter. (See: первосвященик, великий священик)
Special concepts in this chapter
Following Yahweh’s instructions
Great care is taken to show that Aaron perfectly followed Yahweh’s instructions. Moses records every detail to show how Aaron correctly followed Yahweh.
Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
“Fire came out from Yahweh”
Aaron did not create the fire that consumed his sacrifice. Instead, Yahweh miraculously began the fire which consumed the sacrifice. This showed that the sacrifice was acceptable to him. (See: чудо, чудеса, знамення, знак)
Leviticus 9:1
on the eighth day
Quote: בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֔י (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal
The word eighth is the ordinal number for eight.
Leviticus 9:2
before the face of Yahweh
Quote: לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)Alternate translation: “to Yahweh” or “in the presence of Yahweh”
Leviticus 9:3
And to the sons of Israel you must speak, saying, ‘Take a buck of the goats
Quote: וְאֶל־ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תְּדַבֵּ֣ר לֵאמֹ֑ר קְח֤וּ שְׂעִיר־ עִזִּים֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes
This is the beginning of a direct quote within a direct quote. You can change this into an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “And you must tell the people of Israel to take a male goat”
sons of the year
Quote: בְּנֵי־ שָׁנָ֛ה (1)Alternate translation: “a year old” or “twelve months of age”
Leviticus 9:4
to sacrifice before the face of Yahweh
Quote: לִזְבֹּ֨חַ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה (1)Alternate translation: “to sacrifice to Yahweh”
Leviticus 9:6
Yahweh commanded you to do
Quote: צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you
Here, you refers to the people of Israel.
so the glory of Yahweh may appear to you
Quote: וְיֵרָ֥א אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם כְּב֥וֹד יְהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here, glory represents the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh may show you the glory of his presence”
Leviticus 9:7
and offer your sin offering and your burnt offering, … And offer the sacrifice of the people and make atonement for them
Quote: וַעֲשֵׂ֞ה אֶת־ חַטָּֽאתְךָ֙ וְאֶת־ עֹ֣לָתֶ֔ךָ & וַעֲשֵׂ֞ה אֶת־ קָרְבַּ֤ן הָעָם֙ וְכַפֵּ֣ר בַּֽעֲדָ֔ם (1)These are two different sacrifices. The first sacrifice is to atone for the sins of the high priest. When the high priest sins it also makes the people guilty (Leviticus 4:3). The second sacrifice is to atone of the sins the people themselves commit.
Leviticus 9:9
And the sons of Aaron brought the blood to him
Quote: וַ֠יַּקְרִבוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֣ן אֶת־ הַדָּם֮ אֵלָיו֒ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This implies that they caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
the horns of the altar
Quote: קַרְנ֣וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ (1)The horns of the altar refer to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in Leviticus 4:7.
the base of the altar
Quote: יְס֖וֹד הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ (1)Alternate translation: “the bottom of the altar”
Leviticus 9:10
he burned
Quote: הִקְטִ֖יר (1)Alternate translation: “Aaron burned”
the kidneys … the liver
Quote: הַכְּלָיֹ֜ת & הַכָּבֵד֙ (1)See how you translated these words in Leviticus 3:4.
Leviticus 9:11
the hide
Quote: הָע֑וֹר (1)A hide is the coat or skin of a herd animal. See how you translated this in Leviticus 7:8.
Leviticus 9:12
And the sons of Aaron brought to him the blood
Quote: וַ֠יַּמְצִאוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן אֵלָיו֙ אֶת־ הַדָּ֔ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
It is implied that the sons of Aaron caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Leviticus 9:14
the inner parts
Quote: אֶת־ הַקֶּ֖רֶב (1)Here, the inner parts refers to the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9.
Leviticus 9:15
like the first one
Quote: כָּרִאשֽׁוֹן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal
The word first is the ordinal number for one. Alternate translation: “like the goat of the sin offering”
Leviticus 9:17
along with the burnt offering of the morning
Quote: מִלְּבַ֖ד עֹלַ֥ת הַבֹּֽקֶר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The burnt offering of the morning refers to the first sacrifice of each day. The priests would offer this burnt sacrifice in the morning before any other sacrifice. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Leviticus 9:18
And he slaughtered
Quote: וַיִּשְׁחַ֤ט (1)Alternate translation: “And Aaron killed”
And the sons of Aaron brought the blood to him
Quote: וַ֠יַּמְצִאוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן אֶת־ הַדָּם֙ אֵלָ֔יו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
It is implied that they caught the blood in a bowl. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit.
Leviticus 9:19
and the fat covering the inner parts
Quote: וְהַֽמְכַסֶּה֙ (1)The inner parts* are the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in Leviticus 1:9.
and the kidneys, … the liver
Quote: וְהַכְּלָיֹ֔ת & הַכָּבֵֽד (1)See how you translated these words in Leviticus 3:4.
Leviticus 9:20
they then put the fat portions on the breasts, and he burned
Quote: וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ אֶת־ הַחֲלָבִ֖ים עַל־ הֶחָז֑וֹת וַיַּקְטֵ֥ר (1)Alternate translation: “Aaron’s sons then put the fat portions on the breasts, and Aaron burned”
the breasts
Quote: הֶחָז֑וֹת (1)The breast is front part of the animal’s body below the neck. See how you translated this in Leviticus 7:30.
Leviticus 9:21
the right thigh
Quote: שׁ֣וֹק הַיָּמִ֔ין (1)The thigh is the upper part of the leg above the knee. See how you translated this in Leviticus 7:32.
before the face of Yahweh
Quote: לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה (1)Alternate translation: “to Yahweh”
Leviticus 9:22
And he came down
Quote: וַיֵּ֗רֶד (1)The phrase came down is used because the place of the altar was higher than where the people were standing.
Leviticus 9:23
And the glory of Yahweh appeared to all the people
Quote: וַיֵּרָ֥א כְבוֹד־ יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־ כָּל־ הָעָֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here, glory represents Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh showed all the people the glory of his presence”
Leviticus 9:24
And fire came out from before the face of Yahweh and consumed
Quote: וַתֵּ֤צֵא אֵשׁ֙ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַתֹּ֨אכַל֙ (1)Alternate translation: “And Yahweh sent a fire that consumed”
and consumed the burnt offering
Quote: וַתֹּ֨אכַל֙ & אֶת־ הָעֹלָ֖ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The fire completely burning up the offering is spoken of as if the fire consumed or used up the burnt offering.
and fell upon their faces
Quote: וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ עַל־ פְּנֵיהֶֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
This is a sign respect and honor. Alternate translation: “and lay with their faces to the ground”
Leviticus 10
Leviticus 10 General Notes
Structure and formatting
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 10:3.
Special concepts in this chapter
Mourning
Aaron was told that he and his remaining sons should not mourn Aaron’s sons who were killed. As priests, they must put priestly work first, before their mourning and personal problems.
Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
“Unapproved fire”
The phrase “unapproved fire “ indicates that Aaron’s son offered an unacceptable sacrifice. Because of Yahweh’s holiness, this was a serious sin. They may have offered a sacrifice at the wrong time or in the wrong way. (See: святість, святий, освячення, святиня and грішити, грішити, гріх, гріхи, грішник)
Leviticus 10:1
Nadab and Abihu
Quote: נָדָ֨ב וַאֲבִיה֜וּא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names
Nadab and Abihu are the names of Aaron’s sons.
his censer
Quote: מַחְתָּת֗וֹ (1)A censer is a shallow metal container which priests used to carry hot coals or incense.
and they put fire in it
Quote: וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ בָהֵן֙ אֵ֔שׁ (1)Alternate translation: “and they put burning coals in it”
And they offered before the face of Yahweh unfamiliar fire that he had not commanded them
Quote: וַיַּקְרִ֜בוּ לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֵ֣שׁ זָרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹ֦א צִוָּ֖ה אֹתָֽם (1)Alternate translation: “But Yahweh did not approve of their offering because it was not according to what he commanded them to offer”
before the face of Yahweh unfamiliar fire
Quote: לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֵ֣שׁ זָרָ֔ה (1)Alternate translation: “unapproved fire to Yahweh”
Leviticus 10:2
And fire went out from before the face of Yahweh
Quote: וַתֵּ֥צֵא אֵ֛שׁ מִלִּפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה (1)Alternate translation: “So Yahweh sent out fire”
and it devoured them
Quote: וַתֹּ֣אכַל אוֹתָ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The fire completely burning the men up is spoken of as if the fire devoured or completely used them up.
And they died before the face of Yahweh
Quote: וַיָּמֻ֖תוּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)Alternate translation: “And they died in the presence of Yahweh”
Leviticus 10:3
This is what Yahweh spoke, saying, Among those who come near me I will show myself as set apart. And on the faces of all the people I will be glorified
Quote: הוּא֩ אֲשֶׁר־ דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה׀ לֵאמֹר֙ בִּקְרֹבַ֣י אֶקָּדֵ֔שׁ וְעַל־ פְּנֵ֥י כָל־ הָעָ֖ם אֶכָּבֵ֑ד (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes
This has a quotation within a quotation. You can state this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “This is what Yahweh was talking about when he said that he would reveal his holiness to those who come near him, and that he will be glorified on the faces of the people.”
Among those who come near me I will show myself as set apart
Quote: בִּקְרֹבַ֣י אֶקָּדֵ֔שׁ (1)The phrase those who come near me refers to the priests that serve Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will show those that come near to serve me that I am holy” or “Those who come near to serve me must treat me as holy”
And on the faces of all the people I will be glorified
Quote: וְעַל־ פְּנֵ֥י כָל־ הָעָ֖ם אֶכָּבֵ֑ד (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
This second part of Yahweh’s statement still concerns the priest, who are the ones who come near to Yahweh. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And they must glorify me before all the people” or “And they must honor me in the presence of all the people”
Leviticus 10:4
Mishael … Elzaphan, the sons of Uzziel
Quote: מִֽישָׁאֵל֙ & אֶלְצָפָ֔ן & בְּנֵ֥י עֻזִּיאֵ֖ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names
Mishael, Elzaphan, and Uzziel are names of men.
your brothers
Quote: אֶת־ אֲחֵיכֶם֙ (1)This does not mean they were literal brothers. Here brothers means relatives or cousins.
Leviticus 10:5
And they came near
Quote: וַֽיִּקְרְב֗וּ (1)Alternate translation: “So Mishael and Elzaphan came near”
and carried them by their tunics
Quote: וַיִּשָּׂאֻם֙ בְּכֻתֳּנֹתָ֔ם (1)They carried the bodies of Nadab and Abihu, which still had on the priestly tunics.
Leviticus 10:6
and to Eleazar and to Ithamar
Quote: וּלְאֶלְעָזָר֩ וּלְאִֽיתָמָ֨ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names
Eleazar and Ithamar are the names of Aaron’s sons.
Do not let your heads be unbound, and do not tear your clothes
Quote: רָֽאשֵׁיכֶ֥ם אַל־ תִּפְרָ֣עוּ׀ וּבִגְדֵיכֶ֤ם לֹֽא־ תִפְרֹ֨מוּ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
Yahweh is telling Aaron and his sons not to show any outward signs of grief or mourning.
all the assembly
Quote: כָּל־ הָעֵדָ֖ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche
Here, assembly means the whole congregation of Israel, not just a group of leaders. Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel”
all of the house of Israel
Quote: כָּל־ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here, house represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel”
may weep for the burning that Yahweh burned
Quote: יִבְכּוּ֙ אֶת־ הַשְּׂרֵפָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר שָׂרַ֥ף יְהוָֽה (1)Alternate translation: “may mourn for those whom Yahweh killed with his fire”
Leviticus 10:9
It is a permanent statute
Quote: חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם (1)Here, It refers back to the command for the priests to not drink wine or strong drink when they enter the tent of meeting.
It is a permanent statute throughout your generations
Quote: חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם (1)See how you translated these words in Leviticus 3:17.
Leviticus 10:10
so to distinguish
Quote: וּֽלֲהַבְדִּ֔יל (1)You can start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “You must do this so that you will be able to distinguish”
the set apart and the common
Quote: הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ וּבֵ֣ין הַחֹ֑ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj
The nominal adjectives the set apart and the common can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “what is holy and what is common” or “between what is dedicated to God and what is ordinary”
the unclean and the clean
Quote: הַטָּמֵ֖א וּבֵ֥ין הַטָּהֽוֹר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj
The nominal adjectives the unclean and the clean indicate groups of things. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “what is unclean and what is clean” or “what God will not accept and what he will accept”
the unclean
Quote: הַטָּמֵ֖א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person or thing that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch is spoken of as if they were physically unclean.
the clean
Quote: הַטָּהֽוֹר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person or thing that Yahweh has stated is fit to touch is spoken of as if they were physically clean.
Leviticus 10:12
for it is the holiest holy thing
Quote: כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִֽוא (1)Alternate translation: “for the grain offering is most holy”
Leviticus 10:13
for thus I have been commanded
Quote: כִּי־ כֵ֖ן צֻוֵּֽיתִי (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh commanded me”
Leviticus 10:14
the thigh
Quote: שׁ֣וֹק (1)The thigh is the upper part of the leg above the knee.
in a clean place
Quote: בְּמָק֣וֹם טָה֔וֹר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A place that is fit to be used for God’s purposes is spoken of as if it were physically clean.
you and your sons and your daughters with you
Quote: אַתָּ֕ה וּבָנֶ֥יךָ וּבְנֹתֶ֖יךָ אִתָּ֑ךְ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you
Here, you and your refer to Aaron.
for they are given as your share and the share of your sons
Quote: כִּֽי־ חָקְךָ֤ וְחָק־ בָּנֶ֨יךָ֙ נִתְּנ֔וּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh has given them as the share of you and of your sons”
Leviticus 10:15
and the breast of
Quote: וַחֲזֵ֣ה (1)The breast is the front part of the animal’s body below the neck.
And it will belong to you and to your sons with you as a share forever
Quote: וְהָיָ֨ה לְךָ֜ וּלְבָנֶ֤יךָ אִתְּךָ֙ לְחָק־ עוֹלָ֔ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Translate this so it is understood that the portion belongs to Aaron and his sons. Alternate translation: “And this portion will always be for you and your sons”
Leviticus 10:16
Eleazar … Ithamar
Quote: אֶלְעָזָ֤ר & אִֽיתָמָר֙ (1)See how you translated Eleazar* and Ithamar in Leviticus 10:6.
Leviticus 10:17
Why have you not eaten the sin offering in the holy place, since it is the holiest holy thing, and it he has given to you to take away the iniquity of the assembly, to make atonement for them before the face of Yahweh
Quote: מַדּ֗וּעַ לֹֽא־ אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־ הַֽחַטָּאת֙ בִּמְק֣וֹם הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִ֑וא וְאֹתָ֣הּ׀ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֗ם לָשֵׂאת֙ אֶת־ עֲוֺ֣ן הָעֵדָ֔ה לְכַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion
Moses uses a question to rebuke Eleazar and Ithamar. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have eaten the sin offering in the holy place, since it is the holiest holy thing, and it he has given to you to take away the iniquity of the assembly, to make atonement for them before the face of Yahweh.”
since it is the holiest holy thing
Quote: כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִ֑וא (1)Alternate translation: “since the sin offering is most the most holy thing”
to take away the iniquity of the assembly
Quote: לָשֵׂאת֙ אֶת־ עֲוֺ֣ן הָעֵדָ֔ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Causing Yahweh to forgive the people of Israel is spoken of as if their iniquity were an object that Yahweh takes from the people.
before the face of Yahweh
Quote: לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh”
Leviticus 10:18
its blood was not brought
Quote: לֹא־ הוּבָ֣א אֶת־ דָּמָ֔הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you did not bring its blood”
Leviticus 10:19
and such things as these have happened to me
Quote: וַתִּקְרֶ֥אנָה אֹתִ֖י כָּאֵ֑לֶּה (1)Aaron is referring to the death of his two sons.
If I had eaten the sin offering today, would it have been pleasing in the eyes of Yahweh
Quote: וְאָכַ֤לְתִּי חַטָּאת֙ הַיּ֔וֹם הַיִּיטַ֖ב בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion
These sacrifices were to be eaten with joy and happiness. Aaron uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh would not be pleased for him to eat the sacrifices since he is sad because of his sons’ deaths. This question may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly, Yahweh would not have been pleased if I had eaten the sin offering today.”
Leviticus 11
Leviticus 11 General Notes
Structure and formatting
Special concepts in this chapter
Laws about food
This chapter contains a list of the animals the Israelites were not allowed to eat. Further research may be needed to determine the exact location of different parts of an animal. Many of these foods are not consumed to this day because they cause diseases, but it is unclear why the other foods are prohibited.
Eating unclean foods made a person unclean. The process of consuming these types of foods spread the uncleanliness to a person. (See: очищати, чистий, омовіння)
Leviticus 11:2
among all the animals
Quote: מִכָּל־ הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה (1)Alternate translation: “from any of the animals”
Leviticus 11:3
one that divides the hoof
Quote: מַפְרֶ֣סֶת פַּרְסָ֗ה (1)This means the hoof is split into two parts instead of being one whole.
one that chews the cud
Quote: מַעֲלַ֥ת גֵּרָ֖ה (1)This means an animal that brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again.
Leviticus 11:4
among those that chew the cud or among those that divide the hoof
Quote: מִֽמַּעֲלֵי֙ הַגֵּרָ֔ה וּמִמַּפְרִיסֵ֖י הַפַּרְסָ֑ה (1)That is, they match one condition or the other, but not both.
the camel … it is unclean to you
Quote: אֶֽת־ הַ֠גָּמָל & טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The camel being unfit for the people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
Leviticus 11:5
the rock badger
Quote: הַשָּׁפָ֗ן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
A rock badger is a small animal that lives in rocky places.
it is unclean to you
Quote: טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The rock badger, which God declared to be unfit for the people to eat, is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
Leviticus 11:6
the rabbit
Quote: הָאַרְנֶ֗בֶת (1)A rabbit is a small animal with long ears that eats plants and usually lives in holes in the ground.
Leviticus 11:8
and you must not touch their carcasses
Quote: וּבְנִבְלָתָ֖ם לֹ֣א תִגָּ֑עוּ (1)Alternate translation: “and you must not touch their dead bodies”
Leviticus 11:9
fins
Quote: סְנַפִּ֨יר (1)The fins are the thin, flat parts that the fish uses to move through the water.
and scales
Quote: וְקַשְׂקֶ֜שֶׂת (1)The scales are the small, bony plates that cover the body of the fish.
Leviticus 11:13
the vulture
Quote: הַפֶּ֔רֶס (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
A vulture is a bird that feeds on dead animals and on rodents and dead animals.
Leviticus 11:14
the kite, … the falcon
Quote: הַ֨דָּאָ֔ה & הָאַיָּ֖ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
A kite and falcon are birds that are either awake at night or feed on rodents and dead animals.
Leviticus 11:15
raven
Quote: עֹרֵ֖ב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
A raven is a bird that feeds on rodents and dead animals.
Leviticus 11:16
the ostrich, … the owl, … the seagull, … the hawk
Quote: הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔ה & הַתַּחְמָ֖ס & הַשָּׁ֑חַף & הַנֵּ֖ץ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
These are birds that feed on rodents and dead animals.
Leviticus 11:17
the little owl, … the cormorant, … the great owl
Quote: הַכּ֥וֹס & הַשָּׁלָ֖ךְ & הַיַּנְשֽׁוּף (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
These are birds that eat rodents and insects.
Leviticus 11:18
the white owl, … the pelican, … the osprey
Quote: הַתִּנְשֶׁ֥מֶת & הַקָּאָ֖ת & הָרָחָֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
These are birds that eat fish, rodents, and insects and are awake mainly at night.
Leviticus 11:19
the stork, the heron
Quote: הַחֲסִידָ֔ה & הָאֲנָפָ֖ה (1)The stork and heron are birds that feed on rodents and lizards.
the hoopoe
Quote: הַדּוּכִיפַ֖ת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
The hoopoe is a bird that eats rodents and insects and is awake mainly at night.
the bat
Quote: הָעֲטַלֵּֽף (1)Although not a bird, the bat is included in this list because it has wings and flies. It has a furry body and is awake mainly at night. It eats insects and rodents.
Leviticus 11:20
it is detestable to you
Quote: שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word detestable, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will hate it”
Every flying insect that walks on all fours
Quote: כֹּ֚ל שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עַל־ אַרְבַּ֑ע (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
Here the phrase all fours is an idiom that means to crawl on the ground on four legs. This sets these insects apart from other flying things, such as birds, that have only two feet. Alternate translation: “Every four-legged flying insect that crawls on the ground”
Leviticus 11:22
the locust … the bald locust … the cricket … the grasshopper
Quote: אֶת־ הָֽאַרְבֶּ֣ה & הַסָּלְעָ֖ם & הַחַרְגֹּ֣ל & הֶחָגָ֖ב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
These are small insects that eat plants and can jump.
Leviticus 11:24
and by these
Quote: וּלְאֵ֖לֶּה (1)Here, these refers to the animals he is about to list in the following verses.
you will make yourself unclean
Quote: תִּטַּמָּ֑אוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he has touched one of these dead animals is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean.
Leviticus 11:26
As for every animal … they are unclean
Quote: לְֽכָל־ הַבְּהֵמָ֡ה & טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
These animals that God declared to be unfit for the people to eat are spoken of as if they were physically unclean.
but is not one that splits the cleft hoof
Quote: וְשֶׁ֣סַע׀ אֵינֶ֣נָּה שֹׁסַ֗עַת (1)This refers to a hoof that is completely split into two parts instead of being one whole. See how you translated these in Leviticus 11:3.
or is not one that chews the cud
Quote: וְגֵרָה֙ אֵינֶ֣נָּה מַעֲלָ֔ה (1)An animal chews the cud if it brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again. See how you translated these in Leviticus 11:3.
Any one who touches them will be unclean
Quote: כָּל־ הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּהֶ֖ם יִטְמָֽא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he has touched one of these animals is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
Leviticus 11:27
its paws
Quote: כַּפָּ֗יו (1)The paws of an animal refer to feet with claws.
until the evening
Quote: עַד־ הָעָֽרֶב (1)Alternate translation: “until sunset”
Leviticus 11:29
And these are unclean to you
Quote: וְזֶ֤ה לָכֶם֙ הַטָּמֵ֔א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
God speaks of the animals that he declares are unfit for people to touch or eat as if they were physically unclean.
the weasel
Quote: הַחֹ֥לֶד (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
A weasel is a small animal with brown fur that eats birds and small animals.
and the large lizard of any kind
Quote: וְהַצָּ֥ב לְמִינֵֽהוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
This refers to different kinds of reptiles with four legs.
Leviticus 11:30
and the gecko, and the monitor lizard, and the lizard, and the skink, and the chameleon
Quote: וְהָאֲנָקָ֥ה וְהַכֹּ֖חַ וְהַלְּטָאָ֑ה וְהַחֹ֖מֶט וְהַתִּנְשָֽׁמֶת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
These are different kinds of reptiles with four legs.
and the skink
Quote: וְהַחֹ֖מֶט (1)Alternate translation: “the sand lizard”
Leviticus 11:31
These are unclean to you
Quote: אֵ֛לֶּה הַטְּמֵאִ֥ים לָכֶ֖ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
These animals that God declared to be unfit for people to touch or eat are spoken of as if they were physically unclean.
Any one who touches them when they are dead will be unclean
Quote: כָּל־ הַנֹּגֵ֧עַ בָּהֶ֛ם בְּמֹתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he has touched one of these dead animals is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
until the evening
Quote: עַד־ הָעָֽרֶב (1)Alternate translation: “until sunset”
Leviticus 11:32
And anything which upon one of them falls when they are dead will be unclean
Quote: וְכֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־ יִפֹּל־ עָלָיו֩ מֵהֶ֨ם׀ בְּמֹתָ֜ם יִטְמָ֗א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch because one of these dead animals has fallen on it is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
must be put in water
Quote: בַּמַּ֧יִם יוּבָ֛א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must put it into water”
Then it will be clean
Quote: וְטָהֵֽר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Something that God has declared to be fit for people to touch after it has been washed is spoken of as if it were physically clean.
Leviticus 11:34
is unclean. … is unclean
Quote: יִטְמָ֑א & יִטְמָֽא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Food becomes unacceptable for the people to eat because unclean water has fallen on it is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
Leviticus 11:35
something from one of their carcasses
Quote: מִנִּבְלָתָ֥ם (1)Alternate translation: “a part of one of their dead bodies”
must be broken to pieces
Quote: יֻתָּ֖ץ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must break to pieces” or “you must shatter”
Leviticus 11:36
a spring or cistern … will be clean
Quote: מַעְיָ֥ן וּב֛וֹר & יִהְיֶ֣ה טָה֑וֹר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Water that the people are permitted to drink from a spring or cistern is spoken of as if it were physically clean.
their carcass
Quote: בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם (1)Alternate translation: “their dead bodies”
is unclean
Quote: יִטְמָֽא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he has touched the carcass of one of these animals is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
Leviticus 11:37
any seed for planting
Quote: כָּל־ זֶ֥רַע זֵר֖וּעַ (1)Alternate translation: “any seeds that you intend to plant”
it is clean
Quote: טָה֖וֹר הֽוּא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Seeds that God has permitted the people to plant are spoken of as if they are physically clean.
Leviticus 11:38
And if water is put on seed
Quote: וְכִ֤י יֻתַּן־ מַ֨יִם֙ עַל־ זֶ֔רַע (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But if you put water on the seeds”
it is unclean to you
Quote: טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Seeds that God has not permitted to plant are spoken of as if they were unclean.
Leviticus 11:39
the one who touches the carcass will be unclean
Quote: הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖הּ יִטְמָ֥א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he touches the body of a dead animal is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
until the evening
Quote: עַד־ הָעָֽרֶב (1)Alternate translation: “until sunset”
Leviticus 11:41
it is detestable and must not be eaten
Quote: שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵֽל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it is detestable and you must not eat it”
Leviticus 11:43
You must not make yourselves detestable … And you must not make yourselves unclean
Quote: אַל־ תְּשַׁקְּצוּ֙ אֶת־ נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם & וְלֹ֤א תִֽטַּמְּאוּ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism
Yahweh repeats the same idea twice in order to strengthen the command that they are not to eat any unclean animal.
And you must not make yourselves unclean
Quote: וְלֹ֤א תִֽטַּמְּאוּ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
Leviticus 11:47
between the unclean and the clean
Quote: בֵּ֥ין הַטָּמֵ֖א וּבֵ֣ין הַטָּהֹ֑ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Animals that God declared to be unfit for the people to touch or eat are spoken of as if they were physically unclean, and those which he declared to be acceptable for the people to touch and eat are spoken of as if they were physically clean.
that may be eaten … that may not be eaten
Quote: הַֽנֶּאֱכֶ֔לֶת & אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א תֵאָכֵֽל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you may eat … that you may not eat”
Leviticus 12
Leviticus 12 General Notes
Special concepts in this chapter
Menstruation
A woman was considered to be unclean after she began to bleed from her womb every month and after having a baby. This was because all blood was considered to be unclean. (See: очищати, чистий, омовіння and кров)
Leviticus 12:2
If a woman bears seed and gives birth to a male child, then she will be unclean
Quote: אִשָּׁה֙ כִּ֣י תַזְרִ֔יעַ וְיָלְדָ֖ה זָכָ֑ר וְטָֽמְאָה֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A woman whom other people must not touch because she is bleeding from her womb is spoken of as if she were physically unclean.
as at the time of the bleeding of her menstruation
Quote: כִּימֵ֛י נִדַּ֥ת דְּוֺתָ֖הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb.
Leviticus 12:3
the flesh of his foreskin must be circumcised
Quote: יִמּ֖וֹל בְּשַׂ֥ר עָרְלָתֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
Only the priest could perform this action. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a priest must circumcise the baby boy”
Leviticus 12:4
And 30 days and 3 days she will stay in the blood of her purification
Quote: וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים יוֹם֙ וּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים תֵּשֵׁ֖ב בִּדְמֵ֣י טָהֳרָ֑ה (1)This means that the mother will remain impure for 33 days.
Leviticus 12:5
then she will be unclean for two weeks
Quote: וְטָמְאָ֥ה שְׁבֻעַ֖יִם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A woman whom other people must not touch because she is bleeding from her womb is spoken of as if she were physically unclean.
as with her menstruation
Quote: כְּנִדָּתָ֑הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. See how you translated this in Leviticus 12:2.
Leviticus 12:6
And when the days of her purification are completed
Quote: וּבִמְלֹ֣את׀ יְמֵ֣י טָהֳרָ֗הּ (1)Alternate translation: “And when the days of the mother’s purification are finished”
for a son or for a daughter
Quote: לְבֵן֮ א֣וֹ לְבַת֒ (1)This refers to the different number of days for purification based on if she gave birth to a son or a daughter.
Leviticus 12:7
And she will be cleansed from the flow of her blood
Quote: וְטָהֲרָ֖ה מִמְּקֹ֣ר דָּמֶ֑יהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And this will cleanse her from her bleeding occurring during childbirth”
Leviticus 12:8
And if her hand does not find enough for a lamb
Quote: וְאִם־ לֹ֨א תִמְצָ֣א יָדָהּ֮ דֵּ֣י שֶׂה֒ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Translate this so it clarifies the woman’s inability to purchase a sacrificial animal. Alternate translation: “If she does not have enough money to buy a lamb”
Then she will be clean
Quote: וְטָהֵֽרָה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A woman whom other people may touch is spoken of as if she were physically clean.
Leviticus 13
Leviticus 13 General Notes
Special concepts in this chapter
Skin disease
This chapter addresses the ways a priest was to decide if a person had a skin disease, which would make a person unclean. This was important because these diseases could have easily spread among the people in the ancient Near East. This is also true concerning things growing on clothing or things that touch a person’s skin. (See: священик and очищати, чистий, омовіння)
Leviticus 13:2
then he must be brought
Quote: וְהוּבָא֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then someone must bring him” or “then he must go”
one of his sons
Quote: אַחַ֥ד מִבָּנָ֖יו (1)Alternate translation: “one of Aaron’s sons”
Leviticus 13:3
than the skin of his body
Quote: מֵע֣וֹר בְּשָׂר֔וֹ (1)Here, his refers to the person with the skin disease.
and will pronounce him unclean
Quote: וְטִמֵּ֥א אֹתֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “must pronounce the man unclean”
Leviticus 13:5
And … priest must look at him … the
Quote: וְרָאָ֣הוּ הַכֹּהֵן֮ (1)Here, him refers to the person with the skin disease.
the … on … seventh day
Quote: בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי֒ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal
The word seventh is the ordinal form of “seven.” Alternate translation: “on day seven”
and if the skin disease has stayed unchanged in his eyes and the skin disease has not spread on the skin
Quote: וְהִנֵּ֤ה הַנֶּ֨גַע֙ עָמַ֣ד בְּעֵינָ֔יו לֹֽא־ פָשָׂ֥ה הַנֶּ֖גַע בָּע֑וֹר (1)This means if the skin disease has not increased in size or moved to other parts of the body.
Leviticus 13:6
then the priest will pronounce him clean. … and then he will be clean
Quote: וְטִהֲר֤וֹ הַכֹּהֵן֙ & וְטָהֵֽר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean.
a rash
Quote: מִסְפַּ֣חַת (1)A rash is an area of the skin that is irritated.
Leviticus 13:8
then the priest must pronounce him unclean
Quote: וְטִמְּא֥וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
a skin disease
Quote: צָרַ֥עַת (1)See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:3.
Leviticus 13:9
then he must be brought to the priest
Quote: וְהוּבָ֖א אֶל־ הַכֹּהֵֽן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
The priest would determine if a disease was spreading. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then someone must bring him to the priest” or “then he must go to the priest”
Leviticus 13:10
and there is new raw flesh
Quote: וּמִֽחְיַ֛ת בָּשָׂ֥ר חַ֖י (1)Here, new raw flesh could refer to open sores on the skin or it could refer to new skin that has grown, but the area around it is still diseased. Either one indicates that the skin disease is not healing properly.
Leviticus 13:11
a chronic skin disease
Quote: צָרַ֨עַת נוֹשֶׁ֤נֶת (1)A chronic disease is one that continues or reoccurs over a long period of time.
and the priest must pronounce him unclean. … because he is unclean
Quote: וְטִמְּא֖וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֑ן & כִּ֥י טָמֵ֖א הֽוּא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
Leviticus 13:13
then he must pronounce the infected person clean. … He is clean
Quote: וְטִהַ֖ר אֶת־ הַנָּ֑גַע & טָה֥וֹר הֽוּא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean and the man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
Leviticus 13:14
he will be unclean
Quote: יִטְמָֽא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
Leviticus 13:15
and pronounce him unclean. … it is unclean
Quote: וְטִמְּא֑וֹ & טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
and pronounce him unclean
Quote: וְטִמְּא֑וֹ (1)Here, him refers to the person with the skin disease.
the … raw flesh
Quote: הַבָּשָׂ֥ר הַחַ֛י (1)See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:10.
is a skin disease
Quote: צָרַ֥עַת (1)See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:3.
Leviticus 13:17
then the priest will pronounce the infected person clean
Quote: וְטִהַ֧ר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־ הַנֶּ֖גַע (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean.
Leviticus 13:18
a boil
Quote: שְׁחִ֑ין (1)A boil is a painful, swollen area on the skin that is infected.
Leviticus 13:19
then it must be shown to the priest
Quote: וְנִרְאָ֖ה אֶל־ הַכֹּהֵֽן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then he must show it to the priest”
Leviticus 13:20
then the priest must pronounce him unclean
Quote: וְטִמְּא֧וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֛ן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
Leviticus 13:21
looks at it
Quote: יִרְאֶ֣נָּה (1)Here, it refers to the white swelling or bright spot on the skin.
Leviticus 13:22
then the priest must pronounce him unclean
Quote: וְטִמֵּ֧א הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֹת֖וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
Leviticus 13:23
And the priest must pronounce him clean
Quote: וְטִהֲר֖וֹ הַכֹּהֵֽן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean.
Leviticus 13:25
then it is a skin disease … skin disease
Quote: צָרַ֣עַת הִ֔וא & צָרַ֖עַת (1)See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:3.
And the priest must pronounce him unclean
Quote: וְטִמֵּ֤א אֹתוֹ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
Leviticus 13:26
looks at it
Quote: יִרְאֶ֣נָּה (1)Here, it refers to the burn on the person’s skin.
Leviticus 13:27
then the priest must pronounce him unclean
Quote: וְטִמֵּ֤א הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֹת֔וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
skin disease
Quote: צָרַ֖עַת (1)See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:3.
Leviticus 13:28
And the priest must pronounce him clean
Quote: וְטִֽהֲרוֹ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean.
Leviticus 13:30
then the priest must pronounce him unclean
Quote: וְטִמֵּ֨א אֹת֤וֹ הַכֹּהֵן֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
Leviticus 13:33
the itchy area must not be shaved
Quote: הַנֶּ֖תֶק לֹ֣א יְגַלֵּ֑חַ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but he must not shave the hair on the sore”
Leviticus 13:34
then the priest must pronounce him clean. … and he will be clean
Quote: וְטִהַ֤ר אֹתוֹ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן & וְטָהֵֽר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean.
Leviticus 13:35
after he pronounced him clean
Quote: אַחֲרֵ֖י טָהֳרָתֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean.
Leviticus 13:36
He is unclean
Quote: טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
Leviticus 13:37
He is clean, and the priest will pronounce him clean
Quote: טָה֣וֹר ה֑וּא וְטִהֲר֖וֹ הַכֹּהֵֽן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean.
Leviticus 13:39
are a dull white
Quote: כֵּה֣וֹת לְבָנֹ֑ת (1)Alternate translation: “are a faded white”
a rash
Quote: בֹּ֥הַק (1)See how you translated rash in Leviticus 13:6.
He is clean
Quote: טָה֥וֹר הֽוּא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations
Here, He refers to both men and women in general. Alternate translation: “That person is clean”
He is clean
Quote: טָה֥וֹר הֽוּא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean.
Leviticus 13:40
He is clean
Quote: טָה֥וֹר הֽוּא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean.
Leviticus 13:42
is a skin disease
Quote: צָרַ֤עַת (1)See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:3.
Leviticus 13:44
He is unclean. The priest must surely pronounce him unclean
Quote: טָמֵ֣א ה֑וּא טַמֵּ֧א יְטַמְּאֶ֛נּוּ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The person whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
Leviticus 13:45
and … Unclean, unclean
Quote: וְטָמֵ֥א׀ טָמֵ֖א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The person whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
Leviticus 13:46
outside the camp
Quote: מִח֥וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה (1)The camp is the area where the majority of Israelites lived. The unclean person was not permitted to live among them because his disease may spread to others.
Leviticus 13:47
As for the garment, when it has in it the infection of skin disease
Quote: וְהַבֶּ֕גֶד כִּֽי־ יִהְיֶ֥ה ב֖וֹ נֶ֣גַע צָרָ֑עַת (1)Alternate translation: “A garment that has and infection of skin disease in it” or “A garment that is diseased with an infection”
Leviticus 13:48
in anything made with leather
Quote: בְּכָל־ מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֽוֹר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in anything that someone has made from leather”
Leviticus 13:49
if the infection is greenish or reddish in the garment
Quote: וְהָיָ֨ה הַנֶּ֜גַע יְרַקְרַ֣ק׀ א֣וֹ אֲדַמְדָּ֗ם בַּבֶּגֶד֩ (1)Alternate translation: “if there is greenish or reddish infection in the garment”
And it must be shown to the priest
Quote: וְהָרְאָ֖ה אֶת־ הַכֹּהֵֽן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And he owner must show it to a priest”
Leviticus 13:51
on the seventh day
Quote: בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal
The word **seventh” is the ordinal number for “seven.” Alternate translation: “on day seven”
whatever the work for which the leather is used
Quote: לְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־ יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה הָע֖וֹר לִמְלָאכָ֑ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “anything in which a person uses leather”
It is unclean
Quote: טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
Leviticus 13:52
In the fire it must be burned up
Quote: בָּאֵ֖שׁ תִּשָּׂרֵֽף (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He must burn the item in the fire”
Leviticus 13:54
then the priest will command
Quote: וְצִוָּה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן (1)Here the priest is telling the people what to do with household items that were possibly infected. Alternate translation: “then the priest will command the owners”
Leviticus 13:55
after being washed
Quote: אַחֲרֵ֣י׀ הֻכַּבֵּ֣ס (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after they have washed”
it is unclean
Quote: טָמֵ֣א ה֔וּא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
you must burn it
Quote: תִּשְׂרְפֶ֑נּוּ (1)Here, you does not refer to the priest specifically. It just means someone must burn the object.
Leviticus 13:56
after it was washed
Quote: אַחֲרֵ֖י הֻכַּבֵּ֣ס אֹת֑וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after the owner washed it”
Leviticus 13:57
you must burn it
Quote: תִּשְׂרְפֶ֔נּוּ (1)Here, you does not refer to the priest specifically. It just means someone must burn the item.
Leviticus 13:58
and the infection was removed from them
Quote: וְסָ֥ר מֵהֶ֖ם הַנָּ֑גַע (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the item is no longer infected”
it must be washed
Quote: וְכֻבַּ֥ס (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the owner must wash it”
and it will be clean
Quote: וְטָהֵֽר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Something that God has declared to be fit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically clean.
Leviticus 13:59
skin disease of the garment of … any article of leather
Quote: צָרַ֜עַת בֶּ֥גֶד & כָּל־ כְּלִי־ ע֑וֹר (1)See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:47–48.
for pronouncing it clean or for pronouncing it unclean
Quote: לְטַהֲר֖וֹ א֥וֹ לְטַמְּאֽוֹ (1)Alternate translation: “so that a priest may declare that it is clean or that it is unclean”
for pronouncing it clean or for pronouncing it unclean
Quote: לְטַהֲר֖וֹ א֥וֹ לְטַמְּאֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Something that God has declared to be fit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically clean and something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
Leviticus 14
Leviticus 14 General Notes
Structure and formatting
This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.
Special concepts in this chapter
Skin disease and mildew
This chapter addresses the ways a priest was to decide if a person had a skin disease, which would make a person unclean. This was important because these diseases could have easily spread among the people in the ancient Near East. This was also true for the things which could have touched a person’s skin. This chapter explains how the priest was to treat the person suffering with a skin disease. (See: священик and очищати, чистий, омовіння)
Leviticus 14:1
General Information:
Yahweh tells Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease.
Leviticus 14:2
on the day of his cleansing
Quote: בְּי֖וֹם טָהֳרָת֑וֹ (1)This refers to the day on which the priest declares the person to be ritually clean.
And he must be brought to the priest
Quote: וְהוּבָ֖א אֶל־ הַכֹּהֵֽן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And someone must bring him to the priest” or “And he must go to the priest”
Leviticus 14:3
the infection of skin disease
Quote: נֶֽגַע־ הַצָּרַ֖עַת (1)See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:3.
Leviticus 14:4
for the one who is being cleansed
Quote: לַמִּטַּהֵ֛ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for the person he is cleansing”
two live, clean birds
Quote: שְׁתֵּֽי־ צִפֳּרִ֥ים חַיּ֖וֹת טְהֹר֑וֹת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The birds that God allowed the people to eat and offer as sacrifices are spoken of as if they were physically clean.
and crimson yarn
Quote: וּשְׁנִ֥י תוֹלַ֖עַת (1)Alternate translation: “and red yarn”
and hyssop
Quote: וְאֵזֹֽב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
The word hyssop refer to a herb with a pleasant smell that was used for medicine.
Leviticus 14:6
the bird that was slaughtered
Quote: הַצִּפֹּ֣ר הַשְּׁחֻטָ֔ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the bird that the person killed”
Leviticus 14:7
the one who is to be cleansed
Quote: הַמִּטַּהֵ֛ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person he is cleansing”
and he will pronounce him clean
Quote: וְטִ֣הֲר֔וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The person whom other people may touch and who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if he were physically clean.
Leviticus 14:8
the one who is being cleansed
Quote: הַמִּטַּהֵ֨ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person whom the priest is cleansing”
and then he will be clean
Quote: וְטָהֵ֔ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean.
Leviticus 14:10
he must take
Quote: יִקַּ֤ח (1)Here, he refers to the man who was cleansed.
and three-tenths of an ephah of
Quote: וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗ים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume
One ephah is 22 liters.
and one log of oil
Quote: וְלֹ֥ג אֶחָ֖ד שָֽׁמֶן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume
One log was 0.3 liters.
Leviticus 14:11
the person who is to be cleansed
Quote: אֵ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person he is cleansing”
Leviticus 14:12
the log of oil
Quote: לֹ֣ג הַשָּׁ֑מֶן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume
One log was 0.3 liters.
Leviticus 14:13
in the holy place
Quote: בִּמְק֣וֹם הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ (1)Here, in the holy place clarifies the previous phrase and further defines where the priest was to kill the lamb.
Leviticus 14:14
the one who is being cleansed
Quote: הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person he is cleansing”
Leviticus 14:15
some of the log of oil
Quote: מִלֹּ֣ג הַשָּׁ֑מֶן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume
One log was 0.3 liters.
Leviticus 14:16
and sprinkle some of the oil … before the face of Yahweh
Quote: וְהִזָּ֨ה מִן־ הַשֶּׁ֧מֶן & לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)There is no indication of what the priest sprinkled the oil on. Alternate translation: “sprinkle some of the oil … in Yahweh’s presence”
Leviticus 14:17
the person being cleansed
Quote: הַמִּטַּהֵר֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person whom he is cleansing”
Leviticus 14:18
before the face of Yahweh
Quote: לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s presence”
Leviticus 14:19
the one being cleansed
Quote: הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person he is cleansing”
Leviticus 14:20
and he will be clean
Quote: וְטָהֵֽר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean.
Leviticus 14:21
and his hand is not reaching
Quote: וְאֵ֣ין יָדוֹ֮ מַשֶּׂגֶת֒ (1)Alternate translation: “he does not have enough money to buy”
to be waved, to make atonement for him
Quote: לִתְנוּפָ֖ה לְכַפֵּ֣ר עָלָ֑יו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the priest will wave to make atonement for him”
and one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour
Quote: וְעִשָּׂר֨וֹן סֹ֜לֶת אֶחָ֨ד (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume
One-tenth of an ephah is 22 liters.
and a log of oil
Quote: וְלֹ֥ג שָֽׁמֶן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume
One log was 0.3 liters.
Leviticus 14:24
the log of oil
Quote: לֹ֣ג הַשָּׁ֑מֶן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume
One log was 0.3 liters.
Leviticus 14:25
the one being cleansed
Quote: הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one he is cleansing”
Leviticus 14:27
And the priest will sprinkle … some of the oil … before the face of Yahweh
Quote: וְהִזָּ֤ה הַכֹּהֵן֙ & מִן־ הַשֶּׁ֕מֶן & לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)There is no indication of what the priest sprinkled the oil on. Alternate translation: “And the priest will sprinkle … some of the oil … in Yahweh’s presence”
Leviticus 14:28
the one being cleansed
Quote: הַמִּטַּהֵר֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one he is cleansing”
Leviticus 14:30
And he must offer
Quote: וְעָשָׂ֤ה (1)Alternate translation: “And the priest must offer”
Leviticus 14:31
the one being cleansed
Quote: הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one he is cleansing”
Leviticus 14:32
is an infection of skin disease
Quote: נֶ֣גַע צָרָ֑עַת (1)See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:3.
whose hand is not able to reach
Quote: אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־ תַשִּׂ֥יג יָד֖וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Translate this so it is clear that the person does not have enough money to purchase a standard offering. Alternate translation: “who does not have enough money to buy”
Leviticus 14:34
When you have come
Quote: כִּ֤י תָבֹ֨אוּ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you
Here, you refers to the people of Israel.
an infection of skin disease
Quote: נֶ֣גַע צָרַ֔עַת (1)See how you translated this phrase in Leviticus 13:47.
in the land of your possession
Quote: אֶ֥רֶץ אֲחֻזַּתְכֶֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word possession, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “in the land that you possess”
Leviticus 14:36
so that all that is in the house will not be made unclean
Quote: וְלֹ֥א יִטְמָ֖א כָּל־ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּבָּ֑יִת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
Once the priest declared the house to be unclean, everything in the house became unclean, as well. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that he does not need to declare anything left in the house to be unclean”
so that all that is in the house will not be made unclean
Quote: וְלֹ֥א יִטְמָ֖א כָּל־ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּבָּ֑יִת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The house that Yahweh has stated is unfit for people to touch or live in is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
Leviticus 14:37
and it appears to be deeper than the wall
Quote: וּמַרְאֵיהֶ֥ן שָׁפָ֖ל מִן־ הַקִּֽיר (1)This means the priest is to determine whether mildew has gone deeper that just the surface of the wall.
Leviticus 14:40
an unclean place
Quote: מָק֖וֹם טָמֵֽא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A place that is unfit for people to occupy or to be used for God’s purposes is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
Leviticus 14:41
And he will have the house scraped
Quote: וְאֶת־ הַבַּ֛יִת יַקְצִ֥עַ (1)Here, he refers to the priest.
And he will have the house scraped from around the house
Quote: וְאֶת־ הַבַּ֛יִת יַקְצִ֥עַ מִבַּ֖יִת סָבִ֑יב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And he will tell the owner of the house to scrape it and all its walls”
an unclean place
Quote: מָק֖וֹם טָמֵֽא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A place that is unfit for people to occupy or to be used for God’s purposes is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
Leviticus 14:42
and take other dirt and plaster the house
Quote: וְעָפָ֥ר אַחֵ֛ר יִקַּ֖ח וְטָ֥ח אֶת־ הַבָּֽיִת (1)Alternate translation: “and they must cover the stones with new clay”
Leviticus 14:43
after the stones have been pulled out and after the house has been scraped off and after the plastering
Quote: אַחַ֖ר חִלֵּ֣ץ אֶת־ הָאֲבָנִ֑ים וְאַחֲרֵ֛י הִקְצ֥וֹת אֶת־ הַבַּ֖יִת וְאַחֲרֵ֥י הִטּֽוֹחַ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after the owner takes away the stones, scrapes the walls, and covers the new stones with clay”
Leviticus 14:44
It is unclean
Quote: טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A house that is unfit for people to occupy is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
Leviticus 14:45
And the house must be torn down
Quote: וְנָתַ֣ץ אֶת־ הַבַּ֗יִת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And they must tear the house down”
Leviticus 14:46
And the one who goes into the house … will be unclean
Quote: וְהַבָּא֙ אֶל־ הַבַּ֔יִת & יִטְמָ֖א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person whom other people may not touch and who is not acceptable for God’s purposes because he has entered the house is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean.
until the evening
Quote: עַד־ הָעָֽרֶב (1)Alternate translation: “until sunset”
Leviticus 14:48
the house was plastered
Quote: הִטֹּ֣חַ אֶת־ הַבָּ֑יִת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the owner put new clay on the stones”
then the priest will pronounce the house clean
Quote: וְטִהַ֤ר הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֶת־ הַבַּ֔יִת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The house that is fit for people to occupy is spoken of as if it were physically clean.
Leviticus 14:49
and cedar wood, and scarlet yarn, and hyssop
Quote: וְעֵ֣ץ אֶ֔רֶז וּשְׁנִ֥י תוֹלַ֖עַת וְאֵזֹֽב (1)See how you translated these words in Leviticus 14:4.
Leviticus 14:51
the bird that was slaughtered
Quote: הַצִּפֹּ֣ר הַשְּׁחוּטָ֔ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the bird that he killed”
Leviticus 14:52
And he will cleanse the house
Quote: וְחִטֵּ֣א אֶת־ הַבַּ֔יִת (1)Alternate translation: “And the priest will make the house ritually clean”
Leviticus 14:53
and it will be clean
Quote: וְטָהֵֽר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A house that is fit for people to occupy is spoken of as if it were physically clean.
Leviticus 14:54
infection of skin disease
Quote: נֶ֥גַע הַצָּרַ֖עַת (1)See how you translated these words in Leviticus 13:3.
Leviticus 14:55
and for the skin disease of
Quote: וּלְצָרַ֥עַת (1)See how you translated this word in Leviticus 13:47.
Leviticus 14:56
and for a rash
Quote: וְלַסַּפַּ֖חַת (1)See how you translated rash in Leviticus 13:6.
Leviticus 14:57
it is unclean … it is clean
Quote: הַטָּמֵ֖א & הַטָּהֹ֑ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
People and items that other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean, and those which people may touch are spoken of as if they were physically clean.
Leviticus 15
Leviticus 15 General Notes
Special concepts in this chapter
Bodily fluid
This chapter discusses fluids that come out of the body. These fluids caused a person to be unclean because of their potential to cause diseases. (See: очищати, чистий, омовіння)
Cleanliness
While these rules about cleanliness are intended to benefit the Israelites and promote their health, they also were about making Israel into a separate and holy nation, different from the rest of the world. (See: святість, святий, освячення, святиня)
Leviticus 15:2
from his body
Quote: מִבְּשָׂר֔וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This refers to the man’s private parts.
makes him unclean
Quote: טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
Leviticus 15:3
it is his uncleanness
Quote: טֻמְאָת֖וֹ הִֽוא (1)Alternate translation: “his body is unclean” or “he is unclean”
Leviticus 15:4
will be unclean, … will be unclean
Quote: יִטְמָ֑א & יִטְמָֽא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The bed or anything that the man sits on that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean.
Leviticus 15:5
And a man who touches his bed … and he will be unclean
Quote: וְאִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִגַּ֖ע בְּמִשְׁכָּב֑וֹ & וְטָמֵ֥א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
until the evening
Quote: עַד־ הָעָֽרֶב (1)Alternate translation: “until sunset”
Leviticus 15:6
and he will be unclean
Quote: וְטָמֵ֥א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
until the evening
Quote: עַד־ הָעָֽרֶב (1)Alternate translation: “until sunset”
Leviticus 15:7
And the one who touches the body of
Quote: וְהַנֹּגֵ֖עַ בִּבְשַׂ֣ר (1)Alternate translation: “And anyone who touches any part of the body”
Leviticus 15:8
on someone who is clean
Quote: בַּטָּה֑וֹר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean.
and he will be unclean
Quote: וְטָמֵ֥א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
Leviticus 15:9
saddle
Quote: הַמֶּרְכָּ֗ב (1)A saddle is a leather seat that a person puts on the back of a horse in order to ride it.
And any saddle … will be unclean
Quote: וְכָל־ הַמֶּרְכָּ֗ב & יִטְמָֽא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
Leviticus 15:10
under him
Quote: תַחְתָּ֔יו (1)Here, him refers to the person with the infected fluid.
will be unclean … and he will be unclean
Quote: יִטְמָ֖א & וְטָמֵ֥א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
until the evening
Quote: עַד־ הָעָֽרֶב (1)Alternate translation: “until sunset”
Leviticus 15:11
And anyone whom the one with a fluid discharge touches
Quote: וְכֹ֨ל אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִגַּע־ בּוֹ֙ הַזָּ֔ב (1)Alternate translation: “And whomever the person with the infected flow touches”
Leviticus 15:12
And a vessel of clay that the one with a fluid discharge touches must be broken
Quote: וּכְלִי־ חֶ֛רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁר־ יִגַּע־ בּ֥וֹ הַזָּ֖ב יִשָּׁבֵ֑ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And someone must break any clay pot that the one with such a flow of fluid touches”
and every vessel of wood must be rinsed in water
Quote: וְכָל־ כְּלִי־ עֵ֔ץ יִשָּׁטֵ֖ף בַּמָּֽיִם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and someone must rinse every wooden container in water”
Leviticus 15:13
becomes cleansed from his fluid discharge
Quote: יִטְהַ֤ר & מִזּוֹב֔וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man recovering from his sickness is spoken of as if he becomes physically clean. Alternate translation: “is healed from his flow”
becomes cleansed from his fluid discharge
Quote: יִטְהַ֤ר & מִזּוֹב֔וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “recovers from his flow”
And he will be clean
Quote: וְטָהֵֽר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean.
Leviticus 15:16
And he will be unclean
Quote: וְטָמֵ֥א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
People and objects that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean.
until the evening
Quote: עַד־ הָעָֽרֶב (1)Alternate translation: “until sunset”
Leviticus 15:17
And any garment and any leather on which there is an emission of seed must be washed in water
Quote: וְכָל־ בֶּ֣גֶד וְכָל־ ע֔וֹר אֲשֶׁר־ יִהְיֶ֥ה עָלָ֖יו שִׁכְבַת־ זָ֑רַע וְכֻבַּ֥ס בַּמַּ֖יִם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And someone must wash with water every garment or leather on which there is semen”
Leviticus 15:18
And if a man lies with a woman
Quote: וְאִשָּׁ֕ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁכַּ֥ב אִ֛ישׁ אֹתָ֖הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “And if man has sexual relations with a woman”
Leviticus 15:19
in her menstruation
Quote: בְנִדָּתָ֔הּ (1)The word menstruation refers to the time when blood flows from a woman’s womb.
And any one who touches her will be unclean
Quote: וְכָל־ הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּ֖הּ יִטְמָ֥א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
People and objects that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean.
Leviticus 15:20
during her menstruation
Quote: בְּנִדָּתָ֖הּ (1)The word * menstruation* refers to the time when blood flows from a woman’s womb.
Leviticus 15:21
her bed
Quote: בְּמִשְׁכָּבָ֑הּ (1)Here, her refers to the woman who is menstruating.
And he will be unclean
Quote: וְטָמֵ֥א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean.
until the evening
Quote: עַד־ הָעָֽרֶב (1)Alternate translation: “until sunset”
Leviticus 15:24
And if a man actually lies with her
Quote: וְאִ֡ם שָׁכֹב֩ יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אִ֜ישׁ אֹתָ֗הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “And if any man has sexual relations with her”
her menstrual impurity
Quote: נִדָּתָהּ֙ (1)Alternate translation: “her unclean flow” or “the blood from her womb”
will be unclean
Quote: יִטְמָֽא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
People and objects that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean.
Leviticus 15:25
all the days of the discharge of her uncleanness will be as the days of her menstruation
Quote: כָּל־ יְמֵ֞י ז֣וֹב טֻמְאָתָ֗הּ כִּימֵ֧י נִדָּתָ֛הּ תִּהְיֶ֖ה (1)This means that if the woman bleeds from her womb at any time other than her regular menstruation time, she is still unclean just like during her menstruation.
She is unclean
Quote: טְמֵאָ֥ה הִֽוא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
People whom other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean.
Leviticus 15:26
And any thing which she sits on will be unclean
Quote: וְכָֽל־ הַכְּלִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּשֵׁ֣ב עָלָ֔יו טָמֵ֣א יִהְיֶ֔ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Objects that other people must not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean.
Leviticus 15:27
And any one who touches them will be unclean; … and he will be unclean
Quote: וְכָל־ הַנּוֹגֵ֥עַ בָּ֖ם יִטְמָ֑א & וְטָמֵ֥א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
People whom other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean.
Leviticus 15:28
And if she is cleansed
Quote: וְאִֽם־ טָהֲרָ֖ה (1)The word she refers to the woman who is menstruating.
she is cleansed from her discharge
Quote: טָהֲרָ֖ה מִזּוֹבָ֑הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The woman recovering from her bleeding is spoken of as if she becomes physically clean. Alternate translation: “she is healed from her flow of blood”
she is cleansed from her discharge
Quote: טָהֲרָ֖ה מִזּוֹבָ֑הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “she recovers from her flow of blood”
she will be clean
Quote: תִּטְהָֽר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The woman whom other people may touch is spoken of as if she were physically clean.
Leviticus 15:30
because of her unclean fluid discharge
Quote: מִזּ֖וֹב טֻמְאָתָֽהּ (1)Alternate translation: “because of her flow of blood that makes her unclean”
Leviticus 15:31
And you must separate the sons of Israel from their uncleanness
Quote: וְהִזַּרְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־ בְּנֵי־ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִטֻּמְאָתָ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Yahweh speaks of preventing the people from becoming unclean as if it were keeping the people at a safe distance from uncleanness.
And you must separate the sons of Israel from their uncleanness
Quote: וְהִזַּרְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־ בְּנֵי־ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִטֻּמְאָתָ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word uncleanness, you can express the same idea with “unclean.” Alternate translation: “And you must prevent the people of Israel from becoming unclean”
from their uncleanness
Quote: מִטֻּמְאָתָ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
People whom other people may not touch and who are not acceptable for God’s purposes are spoken of as if they were physically unclean.
Leviticus 15:32
This is the law
Quote: זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת (1)Alternate translation: “This is what must be done”
to become unclean
Quote: לְטָמְאָה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
People whom other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean.
Leviticus 15:33
and for the one who is sick in her menstruation
Quote: וְהַדָּוָה֙ בְּנִדָּתָ֔הּ (1)Alternate translation: “and for a woman who is menstruating” or “and for a woman who is bleeding from her womb”
who lies with
Quote: אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁכַּ֖ב עִם־ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “who has sexual relations with”
an unclean woman
Quote: טְמֵאָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
People whom other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically unclean.
Leviticus 16
Leviticus 16 General Notes
Special concepts in this chapter
Holiness
Because Yahweh is holy, he can only be approached in a certain way. This could only happen on a specific day, by a specific person, and only after they offered the proper sacrifice to make themselves clean. (See: святість, святий, освячення, святиня and очищати, чистий, омовіння)
Day of Atonement
This chapter gives rules for what the high priest had to do on the Day of Atonement. This was the most important day in Judaism. This is when he interceded for the sins of the people of Israel. (See: первосвященик, великий священик and спокута, спокутувати, викуплений, викуплений and грішити, грішити, гріх, гріхи, грішник)
Leviticus 16:1
the two sons of Aaron
Quote: שְׁנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֑ן (1)The phrase the two sons of Aaron refers to Nadab and Abihu, who died because they brought fire to Yahweh that he did not approve (Leviticus 10:1–2).
Leviticus 16:4
and the linen undergarments
Quote: וּמִֽכְנְסֵי־ בַד֮ (1)These undergarments were clothing worn next to the skin under the outer clothes.
and … the linen sash
Quote: וּבְאַבְנֵ֥ט בַּד֙ (1)A sash is a piece of cloth that ties around the waist or chest.
and … the linen turban
Quote: וּבְמִצְנֶ֥פֶת בַּ֖ד (1)A turban is a head covering made from wrapped strips of cloth.
Leviticus 16:5
And from the assembly of
Quote: וּמֵאֵ֗ת עֲדַת֙ (1)Alternate translation: “And from the congregation of”
Leviticus 16:6
as the sin offering, which will be for himself
Quote: הַחַטָּ֖את אֲשֶׁר־ ל֑וֹ (1)Alternate translation: “as the sin offering for himself”
Leviticus 16:8
for the goat that departs
Quote: לַעֲזָאזֵֽל (1)Aaron was to have someone set the goat free in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “the scapegoat” or “for the goat that is sent away”
Leviticus 16:9
on which the lot fell
Quote: אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָלָ֥ה עָלָ֛יו הַגּוֹרָ֖ל (1)Alternate translation: “which the lot designated”
Leviticus 16:10
And the goat … must be placed alive
Quote: וְהַשָּׂעִ֗יר & יָֽעֳמַד־ חַ֛י (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But Aaron must bring the goat … alive”
Leviticus 16:11
And he must slaughter
Quote: וְשָׁחַ֛ט (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Aaron would catch the blood of the bull in a bowl so he could later sprinkle it on the atonement lid. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “And he must slaughter and catch the blood of”
Leviticus 16:12
a full censer of
Quote: מְלֹֽא־ הַ֠מַּחְתָּה (1)A censor is a container for fire and incense, used by the priests.
Leviticus 16:14
some of the blood of the bull
Quote: מִדַּ֣ם הַפָּ֔ר (1)This is the blood Aaron caught with a bowl in Leviticus 16:11.
on the face of the atonement lid
Quote: עַל־ פְּנֵ֥י הַכַּפֹּ֖רֶת (1)He put the blood on the top part of the lid that was towards him as he entered the most holy place.
And before the face of the atonement lid
Quote: וְלִפְנֵ֣י הַכַּפֹּ֗רֶת (1)This could mean: (1) “And below the atonement lid onto the chest” or (2) “And onto the ground in front of the atonement lid.”
Leviticus 16:15
And he must sprinkle it on the atonement lid and before the face of the atonement lid
Quote: וְהִזָּ֥ה אֹת֛וֹ עַל־ הַכַּפֹּ֖רֶת וְלִפְנֵ֥י הַכַּפֹּֽרֶת (1)Aaron sprinkled the blood in the same manner that he did with the bull’s blood. See how you translated the previous instructions in Leviticus 16:14.
Leviticus 16:16
And he must make atonement for the holy place because of the uncleanness of the sons of Israel
Quote: וְכִפֶּ֣ר עַל־ הַקֹּ֗דֶשׁ מִטֻּמְאֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (1)The sins of the people of Israel made the holy place unclean.
because of the uncleanness of … and because of their rebellion, … their sins
Quote: מִטֻּמְאֹת֙ & וּמִפִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֖ם & חַטֹּאתָ֑ם (1)The words uncleanness, rebellion, and sins mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people have committed all kinds of sins.
because of the uncleanness of
Quote: מִטֻּמְאֹת֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Sinful actions which make people unacceptable to Yahweh are spoken of as if they were physically unclean.
in the midst of their uncleanness
Quote: בְּת֖וֹךְ טֻמְאֹתָֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
The phrase their uncleanness represents the people who commit sinful actions. Alternate translation: “in the presence of people who commit sinful actions”
Leviticus 16:18
And he must go out to the altar that is before the face of Yahweh
Quote: וְיָצָ֗א אֶל־ הַמִּזְבֵּ֛חַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִפְנֵֽי־ יְהוָ֖ה (1)This is the altar of sacrifice just inside the courtyard of the tabernacle.
and make atonement for it
Quote: וְכִפֶּ֣ר עָלָ֑יו (1)Like the holy place and tent of meeting, the altar is unclean because of the sins of the people.
the horns of the altar
Quote: קַרְנ֥וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ (1)The horns of the altar refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in Leviticus 4:7. Alternate translation: “the projections at the corners of the altar”
Leviticus 16:19
And he will cleanse it
Quote: וְטִהֲר֣וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Making the altar fit to be used for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the priest were physically cleansing it.
and set it apart from the uncleanness of the sons of Israel
Quote: וְקִדְּשׁ֔וֹ מִטֻּמְאֹ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The altar being dedicated to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were being physically separated from the sins of the people.
from the uncleanness of the sons of Israel
Quote: מִטֻּמְאֹ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Sinful actions which make people unacceptable to Yahweh are spoken of as if they were physical uncleanness.
Leviticus 16:20
then he must present the live goat
Quote: וְהִקְרִ֖יב אֶת־ הַשָּׂעִ֥יר הֶחָֽי (1)This goat is called the scapegoat in verse Leviticus 16:10.
Leviticus 16:21
and confess over it
Quote: וְהִתְוַדָּ֣ה עָלָ֗יו (1)Alternate translation: “and confess over the goat”
the wickedness of … their rebellion, … their sins
Quote: עֲוֺנֹת֙ & פִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֖ם & חַטֹּאתָ֑ם (1)The words wickedness, rebellion, and sins mean basically the same thing. Aaron is confessing every kind of sin that the people committed.
And he must put them on the head of the goat
Quote: וְנָתַ֤ן אֹתָם֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ הַשָּׂעִ֔יר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
Aaron’s actions here were a symbolic transfer of the people’s sin to the goat as a sign that the goat would bear the punishment for their guilt.
Leviticus 16:23
and take off the linen garments
Quote: וּפָשַׁט֙ אֶת־ בִּגְדֵ֣י הַבָּ֔ד (1)These were the special garments Aaron wore only when he entered the most holy place.
Leviticus 16:24
And he must bathe his body in water in a holy place
Quote: וְרָחַ֨ץ אֶת־ בְּשָׂר֤וֹ בַמַּ֨יִם֙ בְּמָק֣וֹם קָד֔וֹשׁ (1)Here, holy place does not refer to the tent of meeting. This was a different place set aside for him to bathe himself.
and put on his garments
Quote: וְלָבַ֖שׁ אֶת־ בְּגָדָ֑יו (1)These garments were the clothes that Aaron wore for his ordinary duties.
Leviticus 16:25
he must burn
Quote: יַקְטִ֥יר (1)Alternate translation: “Aaron must burn”
Leviticus 16:26
And the one who sent away the goat as a goat that departs must wash his clothes and bathe his body in water
Quote: וְהַֽמְשַׁלֵּ֤חַ אֶת־ הַשָּׂעִיר֙ לַֽעֲזָאזֵ֔ל יְכַבֵּ֣ס בְּגָדָ֔יו וְרָחַ֥ץ אֶת־ בְּשָׂר֖וֹ בַּמָּ֑יִם (1)The man was unclean because of his contact with the scapegoat, which carried the sin of the people.
as a goat that departs
Quote: לַֽעֲזָאזֵ֔ל (1)See how you translated this in Leviticus 16:8. Alternate translation: “the goat that is sent away”
Leviticus 16:27
whose blood was brought in
Quote: אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוּבָ֤א אֶת־ דָּמָם֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whose blood Aaron brought in”
must be brought out
Quote: יוֹצִ֖יא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone must carry”
their hides
Quote: אֶת־ עֹרֹתָ֥ם (1)Here, their refers to the bull and the goat. A hide is the skin of an animal. Alternate translation: “the skins of the bull and the goat”
Leviticus 16:29
for you
Quote: לָכֶ֖ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you
The word you is plural and refers to the people of Israel.
in the seventh month on the tenth day of the month
Quote: בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ֠שְּׁבִיעִי בֶּֽעָשׂ֨וֹר לַחֹ֜דֶשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths
This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on the western calendar.
in the seventh month on the tenth day of the month
Quote: בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ֠שְּׁבִיעִי בֶּֽעָשׂ֨וֹר לַחֹ֜דֶשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal
The words seventh and tenth are the ordinal forms of “seven” and “ten”. Alternate translation: “in month seven on day ten of the month”
Leviticus 16:30
atonement will be made for you
Quote: יְכַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Aaron will make atonement for you”
to cleanse you … you will be clean
Quote: לְטַהֵ֣ר אֶתְכֶ֑ם & תִּטְהָֽרוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
People who are acceptable for God’s purposes are spoken of as if they were physically made clean.
Leviticus 16:31
It is a sabbath of solemn rest for you
Quote: שַׁבַּ֨ת שַׁבָּת֥וֹן הִיא֙ לָכֶ֔ם (1)This is not the same as the Sabbath they observed every week on the seventh day. This was a special Sabbath on the Day of Atonement.
Leviticus 16:32
in place of his father
Quote: תַּ֣חַת אָבִ֑יו (1)When the high priest died, one of his sons would replace him.
the holy garments
Quote: בִּגְדֵ֥י הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ (1)These holy garments were special clothes the high priest must wear when he enters the most holy place.
Leviticus 16:33
all the people of the assembly
Quote: כָּל־ עַ֥ם הַקָּהָ֖ל (1)Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel”
Leviticus 16:34
General Information:
Yahweh finishes telling Moses what the people must do on the Day of Atonement.
Leviticus 17
Leviticus 17 General Notes
Special concepts in this chapter
Sacrifices
Sacrifices could only be offered by the priests at the temple. Any other sacrifice was strictly prohibited. This was probably intended to ensure that the people were only offering sacrifices to Yahweh and not to another god. (See: священик and бог (хибний), свої боги)
Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
“The life of each creature is its blood”
It is unclear why the life is described as being in the blood. It is possible that diseases were more common in the blood and this is why it was prohibited. Blood is also necessary for life to continue in a creature. (See: життя, жити, живий, оживляти, бути живим and кров)
Leviticus 17:4
before the face of the dwelling of Yahweh
Quote: לִפְנֵ֖י מִשְׁכַּ֣ן יְהוָ֑ה (1)Alternate translation: “before Yahweh’s tabernacle”
and that man must be cut off from among his people
Quote: וְנִכְרַ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַה֖וּא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמּֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated this in Leviticus 7:20. Alternate translation: “that person must be cut off from among his people as a branch is cut from a tree”
and that man must be cut off from among his people
Quote: וְנִכְרַ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַה֖וּא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמּֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people”
Leviticus 17:7
whom they prostitute themselves after
Quote: אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥ם זֹנִ֖ים אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The people being unfaithful to Yahweh by worshiping false gods is spoken of as if they were prostitutes who sold their bodies for money. Alternate translation: “for which they are unfaithful to Yahweh”
This will be a permanent statute for them throughout their generations
Quote: חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֛ם תִּֽהְיֶה־ זֹּ֥את לָהֶ֖ם לְדֹרֹתָֽם (1)See how you translated this phrase in Leviticus 3:17.
Leviticus 17:9
that man must be cut off from his people
Quote: וְנִכְרַ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַה֖וּא מֵעַמָּֽיו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated this in Leviticus 7:20. Alternate translation: “that person must be cut off from among his people like a branch is cut from a tree”
that man must be cut off from his people
Quote: וְנִכְרַ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַה֖וּא מֵעַמָּֽיו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people”
Leviticus 17:10
I will set my face against that person
Quote: וְנָתַתִּ֣י פָנַ֗י בַּנֶּ֨פֶשׁ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
The idiom set my face against means he “firmly decided to oppose.” Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose that person”
and I will cut him off from among his people
Quote: וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י אֹתָ֖הּ מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽהּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “I will not permit that person to live among his people any longer” or “I will separate that person from his people”
Leviticus 17:11
For the life of the flesh is in its blood, … For it is the blood with the life that atones
Quote: כִּ֣י נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַבָּשָׂר֮ בַּדָּ֣ם הִוא֒ & כִּֽי־ הַדָּ֥ם ה֖וּא בַּנֶּ֥פֶשׁ יְכַפֵּֽר (1)This means God uses the blood to atone for the sins of the people because the blood is life. The people should not consume the blood because it has this special purpose.
Leviticus 17:12
I said
Quote: אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙ (1)Here, I refers to Yahweh.
every person among you must not eat blood
Quote: כָּל־ נֶ֥פֶשׁ מִכֶּ֖ם לֹא־ תֹ֣אכַל דָּ֑ם (1)Alternate translation: “no one among you may eat meat with blood in it”
Leviticus 17:13
that may be eaten
Quote: אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵאָכֵ֑ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that I have said they may eat”
Leviticus 17:14
the life of all flesh is its blood
Quote: נֶ֣פֶשׁ כָּל־ בָּשָׂ֗ר דָּמ֣וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This means that the blood is enables the creature to be alive. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “each creature is able to live because of its blood”
All who eat it must be cut off
Quote: כָּל־ אֹכְלָ֖יו יִכָּרֵֽת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “Whoever eats blood may no longer live among his people” or “ Anyone who eats blood must be cut off from his people, as if he were a branch cut from a tree”
All who eat it must be cut off
Quote: כָּל־ אֹכְלָ֖יו יִכָּרֵֽת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Whoever eats blood may no longer live among his people” or “You must separate from his people anyone who eats blood”
Leviticus 17:15
or that has been torn by wild animals
Quote: וּטְרֵפָ֔ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “or that wild animals have killed”
among the native born
Quote: בָּאֶזְרָ֖ח (1)Alternate translation: “among the Israelites”
and he will be unclean … And he will be clean
Quote: וְטָמֵ֥א & וְטָהֵֽר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean and the person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean.
until the evening
Quote: עַד־ הָעֶ֖רֶב (1)Alternate translation: “until sunset”
Leviticus 17:16
then he must carry his iniquity
Quote: וְנָשָׂ֖א עֲוֺנֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Here a person’s iniquity is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries.
then he must carry his iniquity
Quote: וְנָשָׂ֖א עֲוֺנֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here the word iniquity represents the punishment for that iniquity. Alternate translation: “then he is responsible for his own iniquity” or “then I will punish him for his sin”
Leviticus 18
Leviticus 18 General Notes
Special concepts in this chapter
Uncovering nakedness
To “uncover nakedness” is a euphemism for having sexual relations with someone. This chapter gives many examples of people with whom Israelites were not to have sexual relations.
Leviticus 18:4
My laws you must do, and my statutes you must keep
Quote: אֶת־ מִשְׁפָּטַ֧י תַּעֲשׂ֛וּ וְאֶת־ חֻקֹּתַ֥י תִּשְׁמְר֖וּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism
These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people must obey everything that Yahweh has commanded them to do. You can translate this parallelism into one statement that conveys the requirement to keep all of Yahweh’s commands. Alternate translation: “You must obey all of my laws and commandments”
so that you walk in them
Quote: לָלֶ֣כֶת בָּהֶ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Obeying Yahweh’s commandments is spoken of as if the commandments were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “so that you conduct your behavior according to them”
Leviticus 18:6
to uncover nakedness
Quote: לְגַלּ֣וֹת עֶרְוָ֑ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
The phrase to uncover nakedness is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations”
Leviticus 18:7
The nakedness of your father and the nakedness of your mother you must not uncover
Quote: עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֛יךָ וְעֶרְוַ֥ת אִמְּךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with your father or your mother”
you must not uncover her nakedness
Quote: לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽהּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “you must not have sexual relations with her”
Leviticus 18:8
the wife of your father
Quote: אֵֽשֶׁת־ אָבִ֖יךָ (1)Sometimes men had more than one wife. God did not allow a son to have sexual intercourse with any woman married to his father, even if she was not his mother.
It is the nakedness of your father
Quote: עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֖יךָ הִֽוא (1)Alternate translation: “You would dishonor your father”
Leviticus 18:9
The nakedness of your sister, the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother, born at home or born outside, you must not uncover their nakedness
Quote: עֶרְוַ֨ת אֲחֽוֹתְךָ֤ בַת־ אָבִ֨יךָ֙ א֣וֹ בַת־ אִמֶּ֔ךָ מוֹלֶ֣דֶת בַּ֔יִת א֖וֹ מוֹלֶ֣דֶת ח֑וּץ לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a euphemism for sexual activity. See how this is translated in Leviticus 18:7. Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with your sister, the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother, born at home or born outside”
the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother
Quote: בַת־ אָבִ֨יךָ֙ א֣וֹ בַת־ אִמֶּ֔ךָ (1)This means a man cannot have sexual intercourse with his sister even if she has a different mother or father.
Leviticus 18:10
for they are your nakedness
Quote: כִּ֥י עֶרְוָתְךָ֖ הֵֽנָּה (1)Alternate translation: “for you will dishonor yourself as well as them”
Leviticus 18:11
your father’s wife’s daughter
Quote: בַּת־ אֵ֤שֶׁת אָבִ֨יךָ֙ (1)This could mean: (1) “your half-sister” or (2) “your stepsister.” Here the man does not have the same father or mother as the woman. They became brother and sister when their parents married.
Leviticus 18:12
The nakedness of your father’s sister you must not uncover
Quote: עֶרְוַ֥ת אֲחוֹת־ אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a euphemism for sexual activity. See how this is translated in Leviticus 18:7. Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with your father’s sister”
Leviticus 18:14
to his wife you must not come near
Quote: אֶל־ אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ לֹ֣א תִקְרָ֔ב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
You may have to make explicit the purpose of the approach. Alternate translation: “do not go to his wife in order to have sexual intercourse with her”
Leviticus 18:15
The nakedness of your daughter-in-law you must not uncover
Quote: עֶרְוַ֥ת כַּלָּֽתְךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a euphemism for sexual activity. See how this is translated in Leviticus 18:7. Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with your daughter-in-law”
You must not uncover her nakedness
Quote: לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽהּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “you must not have sexual relations with her”
Leviticus 18:16
That is your brother’s nakedness
Quote: עֶרְוַ֥ת אָחִ֖יךָ הִֽוא (1)Alternate translation: “if you do that, you will dishonor your brother”
Leviticus 18:17
The nakedness of a woman and her daughter you must not uncover
Quote: עֶרְוַ֥ת אִשָּׁ֛ה וּבִתָּ֖הּ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a euphemism for sexual activity. See how this is translated in Leviticus 18:7. Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with a woman and her daughter”
to uncover her nakedness
Quote: לְגַלּ֣וֹת עֶרְוָתָ֔הּ (1)Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with her”
Leviticus 18:19
in the impurity of her uncleanness
Quote: בְּנִדַּ֣ת טֻמְאָתָ֑הּ (1)This refers to the time every month when a woman bleeds from her womb.
to uncover her nakedness
Quote: לְגַלּ֖וֹת עֶרְוָתָֽהּ (1)Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with her”
Leviticus 18:20
your neighbor’s wife
Quote: אֵ֨שֶׁת֙ עֲמִֽיתְךָ֔ (1)Alternate translation: “any man’s wife”
Leviticus 18:21
And you must not give any of your children to cause to pass over to Molech
Quote: וּמִֽזַּרְעֲךָ֥ לֹא־ תִתֵּ֖ן לְהַעֲבִ֣יר לַמֹּ֑לֶךְ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
The phrase to pass over to Molech refers to burning a child in the fire as a sacrifice to the idol Molech. Alternate translation: “You must not burn your children alive for Molech”
And you must not profane the name of your God
Quote: וְלֹ֧א תְחַלֵּ֛ל אֶת־ שֵׁ֥ם אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here the word profane means to dishonor. The word namerepresents God himself. Alternate translation: “And you must not dishonor your God”
Leviticus 18:22
And you must not lie with
Quote: וְאֶ֨ת & לֹ֥א תִשְׁכַּ֖ב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with”
That is detestable
Quote: תּוֹעֵבָ֖ה הִֽוא (1)Here, detestable refers to a violation of the natural order of things as Yahweh intended them to be.
Leviticus 18:23
to lie down with it
Quote: לְרִבְעָ֖הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with it”
Leviticus 18:24
the nations … have become unclean
Quote: נִטְמְא֣וּ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here, the nations refers to the people groups already living in Canaan. Translate this so the term nations is clarified as people. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations … have defiled themselves”
Leviticus 18:25
And the land became unclean
Quote: וַתִּטְמָ֣א הָאָ֔רֶץ (1)Alternate translation: “And the people defiled the land”
And the land vomited out its inhabitants
Quote: וַתָּקִ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֶת־ יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Yahweh forcibly removing the people from the land is spoken of as if the land vomited the people out. Alternate translation: “I forcibly removed the people from the land”
And the land vomited out its inhabitants
Quote: וַתָּקִ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֶת־ יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification
The land is spoken of as if it were a person who could vomit.
Leviticus 18:26
any of these detestable things
Quote: מִכֹּ֥ל הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֖ת הָאֵ֑לֶּה (1)Alternate translation: “any of these disgusting things”
Leviticus 18:28
so the land does not vomit you out … it vomited out
Quote: וְלֹֽא־ תָקִ֤יא הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם & קָאָ֛ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Yahweh forcibly removing the people from the land is spoken of as if the land vomited the people out. See how you translated this metaphor in Leviticus 18:25.
so the land does not vomit you out … it vomited out
Quote: וְלֹֽא־ תָקִ֤יא הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם & קָאָ֛ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification
The land is spoken of as if it were a person who could vomit. See how you translated these phrases in Leviticus 18:25.
Leviticus 18:29
the people who do such things will be cut off from among their people
Quote: וְנִכְרְת֛וּ הַנְּפָשׁ֥וֹת הָעֹשֹׂ֖ת מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
People being excluded from the community is spoken of as if they had been cut off from their people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “the people who do these things must be separated from their people as a branch is cut from a tree”
the people who do such things will be cut off from among their people
Quote: וְנִכְרְת֛וּ הַנְּפָשׁ֥וֹת הָעֹשֹׂ֖ת מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must separate the who do such things from their people”
Leviticus 18:30
which were done before you
Quote: אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲשׂ֣וּ לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which the people did here before you came”
by them
Quote: בָּהֶ֑ם (1)Here, them refers to the detestable customs.
Leviticus 19
Leviticus 19 General Notes
Special concepts in this chapter
Obeying Yahweh
Being holy meant obeying Yahweh in all matters of a person’s life. It is not limited to offering correct sacrifices. The law helped to establish righteousness in a person’s life, as well as justice in Israel. In Israel, these concepts are closely related. (See: святість, святий, освячення, святиня and праведність, праведний, праведник, неправедність and справедливий, правильний, виправдовувати, бути виправданим)
Leviticus 19:3
you must keep my sabbaths
Quote: שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖י תִּשְׁמֹ֑רוּ (1)Alternate translation: “you must observe my sabbaths” or “you must respect my day of rest”
Leviticus 19:4
Do not turn to worthless idols
Quote: אַל־ תִּפְנוּ֙ אֶל־ הָ֣אֱלִילִ֔ים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Worshiping idols is spoken of as if it were physically turning towards them. Alternate translation: “Do not begin to worship worthless idols”
Leviticus 19:5
you must sacrifice it for your acceptance
Quote: לִֽרְצֹנְכֶ֖ם תִּזְבָּחֻֽהוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This could mean: (1) Yahweh will accept the person offering the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept you” or (2) Yahweh will accept the sacrifice from the person. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept your sacrifice”
Leviticus 19:6
it must be eaten
Quote: יֵאָכֵ֖ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must eat it”
and what is left until the third day must be burned up in the fire
Quote: וְהַנּוֹתָר֙ עַד־ י֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י בָּאֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵֽף (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must burn up in the fire what is left until the third day”
Leviticus 19:7
And if it is eaten at all
Quote: וְאִ֛ם הֵאָכֹ֥ל יֵאָכֵ֖ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if you eat any of it”
It will not be accepted
Quote: לֹ֥א יֵרָצֶֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
To eat the offering after the designated time is against God and increases the guilt the offering was to cover. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You may not accept it for eating”
Leviticus 19:8
And the one who eats it must carry his iniquity
Quote: וְאֹֽכְלָיו֙ עֲוֺנ֣וֹ יִשָּׂ֔א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person’s iniquity is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries.
And the one who eats it must carry his iniquity
Quote: וְאֹֽכְלָיו֙ עֲוֺנ֣וֹ יִשָּׂ֔א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here the word iniquity represents the punishment for that sin. Alternate translation: “And everyone who eats the sacrifice is responsible for his own sin” or “Yahweh will punish the sin of everyone who eats the sacrifice”
and that person must be cut off from his people
Quote: וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּֽיהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated this in Leviticus 7:20. Alternate translation: “that person must be cut off from among his people as a branch is cut from a tree”
and that person must be cut off from his people
Quote: וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּֽיהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people”
Leviticus 19:9
And when you harvest the harvest of your land, you must not completely … the edge of your field
Quote: וּֽבְקֻצְרְכֶם֙ אֶת־ קְצִ֣יר אַרְצְכֶ֔ם לֹ֧א תְכַלֶּ֛ה פְּאַ֥ת שָׂדְךָ֖ (1)Alternate translation: “And when you gather your crops, do not gather all the way to the edges of your fields”
and you must not gather the gleaning of your harvest
Quote: וְלֶ֥קֶט קְצִֽירְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תְלַקֵּֽט (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This refers to the practice of going back over the fields a second time to gather any produce that remained after the first time. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and do not go back and pick up all that you left behind”
Leviticus 19:12
And you must not swear by my name falsely
Quote: וְלֹֽא־ תִשָּׁבְע֥וּ בִשְׁמִ֖י לַשָּׁ֑קֶר (1)Alternate translation: “And do not use my name to swear about something that is not true”
Leviticus 19:13
You must not oppress your neighbor and you must not rob
Quote: לֹֽא־ תַעֲשֹׁ֥ק אֶת־ רֵֽעֲךָ֖ וְלֹ֣א תִגְזֹ֑ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Here, neighbor means “anyone.” The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Do not hurt or rob anyone”
The wages of a hired worker must not stay all night with you until morning
Quote: לֹֽא־ תָלִ֞ין פְּעֻלַּ֥ת שָׂכִ֛יר אִתְּךָ֖ עַד־ בֹּֽקֶר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Yahweh commands the employer to pay his servant promptly when his work is done that day. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear.
Leviticus 19:15
You must not do injustice in judgment
Quote: לֹא־ תַעֲשׂ֥וּ עָ֨וֶל֙ בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes
The double negative not … injustice is used for emphasis. It can be expressed in a positive way. Alternate translation: “Always judge rightly”
You must not lift up the face of the poor, and you must not give preference to the face of the great
Quote: לֹא־ תִשָּׂ֣א פְנֵי־ דָ֔ל וְלֹ֥א תֶהְדַּ֖ר פְּנֵ֣י גָד֑וֹל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism
The words poor and great are two extremes, which together mean “anyone.” You can translate this to clarify the terms. Alternate translation: “You must not show favoritism to anyone based on how much money they have”
In justice you must judge your neighbor
Quote: בְּצֶ֖דֶק תִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט עֲמִיתֶֽךָ (1)Alternate translation: “Judge everyone according to what is right”
Leviticus 19:16
as a slanderer
Quote: רָכִיל֙ (1)A slanderer is someone who says untrue, hurtful messages about other people.
Leviticus 19:17
You must not hate your brother in your heart
Quote: לֹֽא־ תִשְׂנָ֥א אֶת־ אָחִ֖יךָ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Continually hating a person is spoken of as if it were hating a person in the heart. Alternate translation: “Do not continually hate your brother”
You must surely rebuke your fellow citizen
Quote: הוֹכֵ֤חַ תּוֹכִ֨יחַ֙ אֶת־ עֲמִיתֶ֔ךָ (1)Alternate translation: “You must correct your fellow Israelite who is sinning”
Leviticus 19:20
lies with
Quote: יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אֶת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with”
who is promised to a man
Quote: נֶחֱרֶ֣פֶת לְאִ֔ישׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom someone promised to give to a man as his wife”
and she has not been ransomed at all or freedom has not been given to her
Quote: וְהָפְדֵּה֙ לֹ֣א נִפְדָּ֔תָה א֥וֹ חֻפְשָׁ֖ה לֹ֣א נִתַּן־ לָ֑הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but whom her future husband has not ransomed or given her freedom”
They must not be put to death
Quote: לֹ֥א יוּמְת֖וּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not kill them”
Leviticus 19:21
And he must bring his guilt offering to Yahweh to the entrance of the tent of meeting—a ram as a guilt offering
Quote: וְהֵבִ֤יא אֶת־ אֲשָׁמוֹ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה אֶל־ פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד אֵ֖יל אָשָֽׁם (1)Alternate translation: “And a man must bring a ram as a guilt offering to Yahweh to the entrance of the tent of meeting”
Leviticus 19:22
And it will be forgiven him for his sin which he has sinned
Quote: וְנִסְלַ֣ח ל֔וֹ מֵחַטָּאת֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָֽא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sin which he has committed”
Leviticus 19:23
then you must regard its fruit as being uncircumcised in its foreskin. Three years it will be uncircumcised for you. It must not be eaten
Quote: וַעֲרַלְתֶּ֥ם עָרְלָת֖וֹ אֶת־ פִּרְי֑וֹ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֗ים יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֛ם עֲרֵלִ֖ים לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵֽל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism
Yahweh repeats the prohibition in order to emphasize it and to clarify that it is in force for the first three years that the tree bears fruit. Translate this to clarify the period of time the trees must be left alone. Alternate translation: “then you must consider the fruit of the trees to be unclean for the first three years and not eat any of it until after that”
It must not be eaten
Quote: לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵֽל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not eat it”
Leviticus 19:29
and the land will not fall to prostitution and the land become full of wickedness
Quote: וְלֹא־ תִזְנֶ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ וּמָלְאָ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ זִמָּֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here both occurrences of the word land represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people will begin to practice prostitution and many wicked things”
and the land will not fall to prostitution and the land become full of wickedness
Quote: וְלֹא־ תִזְנֶ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ וּמָלְאָ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ זִמָּֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Many people practicing prostitution and other wicked deeds is spoken of as if the they have fallen into or become full of those things. Alternate translation: “the people will begin to practice prostitution and many wicked things”
Leviticus 19:31
the necromancers or to the soothsayers
Quote: הָאֹבֹת֙ וְאֶל־ הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֔ים (1)The necromancers were people who claimed to speak with dead people. The soothsayers claimed to be able to predict what will happen in the future. The Israelites were not allowed to have anything to do with these people.
Do not seek to become unclean by them
Quote: אַל־ תְּבַקְשׁ֖וּ לְטָמְאָ֣ה בָהֶ֑ם (1)Alternate translation: “Do not seek those people out. If you do, they will defile you”
Leviticus 19:32
you must rise
Quote: תָּק֔וּם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
Standing up in front of someone is a sign of respect.
the gray-haired person
Quote: שֵׂיבָה֙ (1)A gray-haired person refers to a person whose hair has turned gray from age, or “an old person.”
Leviticus 19:35
You must not do injustice in judgment, in measurement of length, in weight, or in quantity
Quote: לֹא־ תַעֲשׂ֥וּ עָ֖וֶל בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט בַּמִּדָּ֕ה בַּמִּשְׁקָ֖ל וּבַמְּשׂוּרָֽה (1)This prohibits the practice of intentionally using instruments that give inaccurate readings when measuring things.
Leviticus 19:36
a just ephah
Quote: אֵ֥יפַת צֶ֛דֶק (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume
An ephah was a measurement for grain.
and a just hin
Quote: וְהִ֥ין צֶ֖דֶק (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume
A hin was a measurement for liquids.
Leviticus 19:37
And you must keep … and you must do
Quote: וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֤ם & וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet
These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the command for obedience.
Leviticus 20
Leviticus 20 General Notes
Structure and formatting
Punishments for serious sins
This chapter compiles a list of serious sins. The most serious sins are punished by death. (See: грішити, грішити, гріх, гріхи, грішник and вмирати, мертвий, смерть, загинути)
Important figures of speech in this chapter
Euphemism
“To see someone’s nakedness” means to live as husband wife. (See: Эвфемизм)
Metaphor
The phrase “you must carry your own guilt” is a metaphor. It is unknown what this means, but it is possible it indicates a penalty of death.
Leviticus 20:2
who gives any of his offspring to Molech
Quote: אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֧ן מִזַּרְע֛וֹ לַמֹּ֖לֶךְ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Those who worshiped Molech sacrificed their children to him by means of fire. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “who kills any of his children as a sacrifice to Molech”
must certainly be put to death
Quote: מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑ת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people in the land must certainly stone him to death”
Leviticus 20:3
And I also will set my face against that man
Quote: וַאֲנִ֞י אֶתֵּ֤ן אֶת־ פָּנַי֙ בָּאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
The idiom *set me face means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “And I have made up my mind to oppose that man”
For he has given his offspring to Molech
Quote: כִּ֤י מִזַּרְעוֹ֙ נָתַ֣ן לַמֹּ֔לֶךְ (1)Se how you translated a similar phrase in 20:2. Alternate translation: “he has sacrificed his child”
so as to make my holy place unclean and to profane my holy name
Quote: לְמַ֗עַן טַמֵּא֙ אֶת־ מִקְדָּשִׁ֔י וּלְחַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־ שֵׁ֥ם קָדְשִֽׁי (1)Alternate translation: “and by doing that, he has defiled my holy place and profaned my holy name”
and to profane my holy name
Quote: וּלְחַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־ שֵׁ֥ם קָדְשִֽׁי (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here God’s name represents God and his reputation. Alternate translation: “and to dishonor my reputation” or “and to dishonor me”
Leviticus 20:4
the people of the land cause their eyes to be hidden at all from that man
Quote: הַעְלֵ֣ם יַעְלִימֽוּ֩ עַ֨ם הָאָ֜רֶץ אֶת־ עֵֽינֵיהֶם֙ מִן־ הָאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
The phrase to cause their eyes to be hidden implies they do not see that thing. This speaks of ignoring something as closing the eyes. Alternate translation: “the people of the land disregard that man at all” or “the people of the land even partially ignore that man”
Leviticus 20:5
all the ones who prostitute themselves after him, by prostituting themselves after Molech
Quote: כָּל־ הַזֹּנִ֣ים אַחֲרָ֗יו לִזְנ֛וֹת אַחֲרֵ֥י הַמֹּ֖לֶךְ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
This phrase compares those who are unfaithful to Yahweh to prostitutes. Alternate translation: “who is unfaithful to Yahweh”
Leviticus 20:6
so as to prostitute themselves after them
Quote: לִזְנ֖וֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
This phrase compares the unfaithful people to prostitutes. Alternate translation: “by doing that, they seek advice from the spirits rather than from me”
I will set my face against that person
Quote: וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־ פָּנַי֙ בַּנֶּ֣פֶשׁ הַהִ֔וא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
The idiom set my face means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind that I will oppose that person”
Leviticus 20:8
And you must keep my statutes and do them
Quote: וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ אֶת־ חֻקֹּתַ֔י וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism
The words keep and do mean basically the same thing. They are used together in order to emphasize that the people must obey God.
Leviticus 20:9
he must surely be put to death
Quote: מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑ת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must surely put him to death”
Leviticus 20:10
must certainly be put to death
Quote: מֽוֹת־ יוּמַ֥ת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must certainly put both of them to death”
Leviticus 20:11
lies with … s wife, … his father
Quote: יִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־ אֵ֣שֶׁת אָבִ֔יו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a polite way of referring to sexual activity. Some languages use more direct phrases such as “has sex with his father’s wife.”
Leviticus 20:12
They have committed perversion
Quote: תֶּ֥בֶל עָשׂ֖וּ (1)Here God calls a man having sex with his son’s wife a perversion, an especially serious sin. See how you translated perversion in Leviticus 18:23.
Leviticus 20:13
lies with
Quote: יִשְׁכַּ֤ב אֶת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with”
as one lies with a woman
Quote: מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אִשָּׁ֔ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile
The way he treats the man is the same way he would treat a woman. Alternate translation: “just like he would with a woman”
a detestable thing
Quote: תּוֹעֵבָ֥ה (1)Alternate translation: “something detestable” or “something detestable”
They must surely be put to death
Quote: מ֥וֹת יוּמָ֖תוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must surely put them to death”
Leviticus 20:14
In the fire they must be burned, he and they
Quote: בָּאֵ֞שׁ יִשְׂרְפ֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ וְאֶתְהֶ֔ן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must burn to death in the fire both the man and the women”
Leviticus 20:15
lies with an animal
Quote: יִתֵּ֧ן שְׁכָבְתּ֛וֹ בִּבְהֵמָ֖ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with an animal”
he must surely be put to death
Quote: מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑ת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must surely put him to death”
Leviticus 20:16
to lie with it
Quote: לְרִבְעָ֣ה אֹתָ֔הּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with it”
then you must kill the woman and the animal. They must certainly be put to death
Quote: וְהָרַגְתָּ֥ אֶת־ הָאִשָּׁ֖ה וְאֶת־ הַבְּהֵמָ֑ה מ֥וֹת יוּמָ֖תוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism
Both clauses mean the same thing. They emphasize that the woman and animal must die.
They must certainly be put to death
Quote: מ֥וֹת יוּמָ֖תוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must certainly put them to death”
Leviticus 20:17
takes
Quote: יִקַּ֣ח (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This could mean: (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with” or (2) it simply means “to marry.”
a daughter of his father or a daughter of his mother
Quote: בַּת־ אָבִ֣יו א֣וֹ בַת־ אִ֠מּוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This means a man cannot have sexual intercourse with his sister, even if she has a different mother or father. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “whether it is his full sister or half-sister”
and he sees her nakedness, and she sees his nakedness
Quote: וְרָאָ֨ה אֶת־ עֶרְוָתָ֜הּ וְהִֽיא־ תִרְאֶ֤ה אֶת־ עֶרְוָתוֹ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a polite way of referring to sexual activity. Alternate translation: “they have sexual relations”
He has uncovered the nakedness of his sister
Quote: עֶרְוַ֧ת אֲחֹת֛וֹ גִּלָּ֖ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a polite way of referring to sexual activity. Alternate translation: “He has had sexual relations with his sister”
He must bear his iniquity
Quote: עֲוֺנ֥וֹ יִשָּֽׂא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
This phrase means the man is responsible for his sin. Alternate translation: “He is responsible for his sin” or “You must punish him for his sin”
Leviticus 20:18
And if a man lies with a menstruating woman
Quote: וְ֠אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אֶת־ אִשָּׁ֜ה דָּוָ֗ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “And if a man has sexual relations with a menstruating woman”
a menstruating woman
Quote: אִשָּׁ֜ה דָּוָ֗ה (1)This means it is the time every month when a woman bleeds from her womb.
he has exposed her flow and she has uncovered the flow of her blood
Quote: אֶת־ מְקֹרָ֣הּ הֶֽעֱרָ֔ה וְהִ֕יא גִּלְּתָ֖ה אֶת־ מְק֣וֹר דָּמֶ֑יהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
This phrase compares having sex with a woman during her menstrual period to removing the cover off of something that should remain hidden.
he has exposed her flow and she has uncovered the flow of her blood
Quote: אֶת־ מְקֹרָ֣הּ הֶֽעֱרָ֔ה וְהִ֕יא גִּלְּתָ֖ה אֶת־ מְק֣וֹר דָּמֶ֑יהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The fact that this was a shameful thing to do can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “they have done a shameful thing by exposing and uncovering the flow of her blood”
And both of them must be cut off from among their people
Quote: וְנִכְרְת֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
People being excluded from their community is spoken of as if they had been cut off from their people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated a similar phrase in Leviticus 7:20. Alternate translation: “And both of them must be cut off among their people as a branch is cut from a tree”
And both of them must be cut off from among their people
Quote: וְנִכְרְת֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people”
And both of them must be cut off
Quote: וְנִכְרְת֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
It can be stated clearly why this must be done. Alternate translation: “Because they have done this shameful thing, both the man and woman must be cut off”
Leviticus 20:19
And the nakedness of your mother’s sister, or your father’s sister, you must not uncover
Quote: וְעֶרְוַ֨ת אֲח֧וֹת אִמְּךָ֛ וַאֲח֥וֹת אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “You must not have sexual relations with your mother’s sister”
They must bear their iniquity
Quote: עֲוֺנָ֥ם יִשָּֽׂאוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
The idiom “carry your own guilt” means “you are responsible for your own sin.” Alternate translation: “They are responsible for their own sin” or “You must punish them for their sin”
Leviticus 20:20
And if a man lies with his aunt
Quote: וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־ דֹּ֣דָת֔וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “And if a man has sexual relations with his aunt”
Leviticus 20:21
And if a man takes his brother’s wife
Quote: וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִקַּ֛ח אֶת־ אֵ֥שֶׁת אָחִ֖יו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism
This could mean: (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “If a man has sexual relations with his brother’s wife” or (2) it simply means “to marry.”
Leviticus 20:22
and the land which I am bringing you there to dwell in will not vomit you out
Quote: וְלֹא־ תָקִ֤יא אֶתְכֶם֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנִ֜י מֵבִ֥יא אֶתְכֶ֛ם שָׁ֖מָּה לָשֶׁ֥בֶת בָּֽהּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
This phrase describes the removal of the people from the land as if they were bad food that a person vomits out. See how you translated this metaphor in Leviticus 18:25. Alternate translation: “the land to which I am bringing you will not reject you”
and the land which I am bringing you there to dwell in will not vomit you out
Quote: וְלֹא־ תָקִ֤יא אֶתְכֶם֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנִ֜י מֵבִ֥יא אֶתְכֶ֛ם שָׁ֖מָּה לָשֶׁ֥בֶת בָּֽהּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification
Here, the land is describes as if it were a person who could vomit. Alternate translation: “the land to which I am bringing you will not reject you”
Leviticus 20:23
And you must not walk in the statutes of the nations
Quote: וְלֹ֤א תֵֽלְכוּ֙ בְּחֻקֹּ֣ת הַגּ֔וֹי (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Doing the actions of idol worshipers is spoken of as walking in their ways. Alternate translation: “And you must not act like the nations”
I will drive out
Quote: אֲנִ֥י מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ (1)Alternate translation: “I will remove”
Leviticus 20:24
a land flowing with milk and honey
Quote: אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָ֑שׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
The phrase flowing with milk and honey means “that is rich and productive with enough food for everyone.” Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” or “a productive land”
Leviticus 20:26
and I have separated you
Quote: וָאַבְדִּ֥ל אֶתְכֶ֛ם (1)Alternate translation: “and I have distinguished you” or “and I have set you apart”
Leviticus 20:27
they must certainly be put to death
Quote: מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑תוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they must certainly put them to death”
Leviticus 21
Leviticus 21 General Notes
Special concepts in this chapter
Priests must be holy
Priests must be separate from the rest of the world. Priests should not do anything that would be unclean. They also cannot be unclean because of a birth defect, and they must not marry an unclean woman. (See: священик and святість, святий, освячення, святиня and очищати, чистий, омовіння)
Leviticus 21:1
he must not make himself unclean
Quote: לֹֽא־ יִטַּמָּ֖א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean.
among his people
Quote: בְּעַמָּֽיו (1)Alternate translation: “among the Israelites”
Leviticus 21:3
virgin
Quote: הַבְּתוּלָה֙ (1)The word virgin is sometimes translated as “young woman.”
Leviticus 21:5
and they must not shave off the corner of their beard
Quote: וּפְאַ֥ת זְקָנָ֖ם לֹ֣א יְגַלֵּ֑חוּ (1)It is impossible to be certain what the writer intended here. This could mean: (1) shave off certain parts of their beards or (2) cut or shave any part of their beards.
Leviticus 21:6
and they must not profane the name of their God
Quote: וְלֹ֣א יְחַלְּל֔וּ שֵׁ֖ם אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
This word name is used to represent Yahweh’s character. Alternate translation: “and they must not disgrace God’s reputation” or “and they must not disgrace their God”
the bread of their God
Quote: לֶ֧חֶם אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֛ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche
Here, bread represents food in general. Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. It is the sincerity of those offering the food that pleases God.
so they must be holy
Quote: וְהָ֥יוּ קֹֽדֶשׁ (1)Alternate translation: “so they must be set apart”
Leviticus 21:7
He must not take … he must not take
Quote: לֹ֣א יִקָּ֔חוּ & לֹ֣א יִקָּ֑חוּ (1)Alternate translation: “The priest must not take … the priest must not take”
For he is holy
Quote: כִּֽי־ קָדֹ֥שׁ ה֖וּא (1)Alternate translation: “For he is set apart”
Leviticus 21:8
And you will make him holy
Quote: וְקִדַּשְׁתּ֔וֹ (1)Alternate translation: “And you people must treat the priest as holy”
for he is the one who offers the bread of your God
Quote: כִּֽי־ אֶת־ לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֑יב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche
Here, bread represents food in general. Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. Translate this in a way that makes it clear that Yahweh does not actually eat the food.
He must be holy for you
Quote: קָדֹשׁ֙ יִֽהְיֶה־ לָּ֔ךְ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must regard him as holy”
Leviticus 21:9
she must be burned
Quote: תִּשָּׂרֵֽף (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must burn her to death”
Leviticus 21:10
the oil of anointing
Quote: שֶׁ֤מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This is a reference to the anointing oil used in the ceremony consecrating a new the high priest. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
who has had the oil of anointing poured upon his head and has had his hand filled
Quote: אֲֽשֶׁר־ יוּצַ֥ק עַל־ רֹאשׁ֣וֹ׀ שֶׁ֤מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה֙ וּמִלֵּ֣א אֶת־ יָד֔וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on whose head they poured anointing oil and whose hand they filled”
he must not let his head be unbound and he must not tear his clothes
Quote: אֶת־ רֹאשׁוֹ֙ לֹ֣א יִפְרָ֔ע וּבְגָדָ֖יו לֹ֥א יִפְרֹֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Loose hair and torn clothes were signs of mourning. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “he must not mourn for dead relatives”
Leviticus 21:12
And he must not leave from the holy place
Quote: וּמִן־ הַמִּקְדָּשׁ֙ לֹ֣א יֵצֵ֔א (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This does not mean the high priest could never leave. God did not allow him to leave in order to grieve over someone who died.
Leviticus 21:14
from his people
Quote: מֵעַמָּ֖יו (1)Alternate translation: “from among his own tribe, the tribe of Levi”
Leviticus 21:15
And he will not profane his offspring among his people
Quote: וְלֹֽא־ יְחַלֵּ֥ל זַרְע֖וֹ בְּעַמָּ֑יו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
By marrying an unholy or ungodly woman, the priest would have children unworthy to be priest. Alternate translation: “And he will not have unworthy children by marrying an ungodly woman”
Leviticus 21:17
must not come near to offer food to his God
Quote: לֹ֣א יִקְרַ֔ב לְהַקְרִ֖יב לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהָֽיו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “must not come to burn the burnt offering of food on God’s altar”
Leviticus 21:18
must not come near
Quote: לֹ֣א יִקְרָ֑ב (1)A priest had to meet specific physical standards in order to approach Yahweh. This does not imply that physical defects were the result of immorality or that all people with physical defects are unable to approach Yahweh.
Leviticus 21:21
He must not approach to offer the bread of his God
Quote: אֵ֚ת לֶ֣חֶם אֱלֹהָ֔יו לֹ֥א יִגַּ֖שׁ לְהַקְרִֽיב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche
Here, bread represents food in general. Alternate translation: “He must not make burnt offering of food on God’s altar”
Leviticus 21:22
The food of his God, some of the holiest holy things and some of the holy things, he may eat
Quote: לֶ֣חֶם אֱלֹהָ֔יו מִקָּדְשֵׁ֖י הַקֳּדָשִׁ֑ים וּמִן־ הַקֳּדָשִׁ֖ים יֹאכֵֽל (1)Parts of the sacrifices belonged to the priests and could be eaten. Alternate translation: “He may eat the food offering of his God, some of the holiest holy things and some of the holy things”
he may eat
Quote: יֹאכֵֽל (1)Here, he refers to the priest with the bodily defect.
some of the holiest holy things and some of the holy things
Quote: מִקָּדְשֵׁ֖י הַקֳּדָשִׁ֑ים וּמִן־ הַקֳּדָשִׁ֖ים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This also refers to the food that was sacrificed. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “some of the sacrifices offered in the most holy place or some of the sacrifices offered in the holy place”
Leviticus 21:24
and to his sons
Quote: וְאֶל־ בָּנָ֑יו (1)Alternate translation: “and to Aaron’s sons”
Leviticus 22
Leviticus 22 General Notes
Structure and formatting
Special concepts in this chapter
Holy things
Priests who are unclean must not touch any holy thing. The things in the temple and involved in sacrifices must remain clean. An unclean priest would cause anything he touched to become unclean. (See: священик and очищати, чистий, омовіння and святість, святий, освячення, святиня)
Leviticus 22:2
that they must deal respectfully with the holy things of
Quote: וְיִנָּֽזְרוּ֙ מִקָּדְשֵׁ֣י (1)Yahweh is about to describe situations where a priest is unclean and not allowed to touch holy things. Alternate translation: “that there are times when they should keep away from the holy things”
And they must not profane my holy name
Quote: וְלֹ֥א יְחַלְּל֖וּ אֶת־ שֵׁ֣ם קָדְשִׁ֑י (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
The word profane here means to dishonor. The word name represents Yahweh’s character. Alternate translation: “And they must not dishonor my reputation” or “And they must not dishonor me”
Leviticus 22:3
Throughout your generations
Quote: לְדֹרֹ֨תֵיכֶ֜ם (1)Alternate translation: “from now on”
and his uncleanness is upon him
Quote: וְטֻמְאָת֖וֹ עָלָ֑יו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “while he is unclean”
that person must be cut off from before my face
Quote: וְנִכְרְתָ֞ה הַנֶּ֧פֶשׁ הַהִ֛וא מִלְּפָנַ֖י (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A priest no longer being able to serve Yahweh is spoken of as if that person had been cut off from Yahweh’s presence, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “that person must be cut off from before me as a branch is cut from a tree”
that person must be cut off from before my face
Quote: וְנִכְרְתָ֞ה הַנֶּ֧פֶשׁ הַהִ֛וא מִלְּפָנַ֖י (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person will no longer be able to serve as a priest”
Leviticus 22:4
one with a skin disease
Quote: צָר֨וּעַ֙ (1)This refers to a disease on the skin easily spread from one person to another.
until he becomes clean
Quote: עַ֖ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִטְהָ֑ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean.
And the one who touches anything unclean
Quote: וְהַנֹּגֵ֨עַ֙ בְּכָל־ טְמֵא (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Something that Yahweh has said is unfit to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
Leviticus 22:5
a man who touches any swarming thing that makes him unclean, or a person who makes him unclean
Quote: אִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִגַּ֔ע בְּכָל־ שֶׁ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִטְמָא־ ל֑וֹ א֤וֹ בְאָדָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִטְמָא־ ל֔וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “or whoever is unclean from touching a creeping animal or from touching another unclean person”
Leviticus 22:6
the person who touches it will be unclean
Quote: נֶ֚פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּגַּע־ בּ֔וֹ וְטָמְאָ֖ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean.
until the evening
Quote: עַד־ הָעָ֑רֶב (1)Alternate translation: “until sunset”
Leviticus 22:7
then he will be clean
Quote: וְטָהֵ֑ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. Alternate translation: “then he will be considered clean”
Leviticus 22:8
an animal found dead or killed by wild animals
Quote: נְבֵלָ֧ה וּטְרֵפָ֛ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “an animal that someone found dead or that a wild animal has killed”
Leviticus 22:12
the contributions of the holy things
Quote: בִּתְרוּמַ֥ת הַקֳּדָשִׁ֖ים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word contributions, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the holy offerings which people have contributed”
Leviticus 22:14
then he must add its fifth on it and give the holy thing to the priest
Quote: וְיָסַ֤ף חֲמִֽשִׁיתוֹ֙ עָלָ֔יו וְנָתַ֥ן לַכֹּהֵ֖ן אֶת־ הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ (1)This could mean: (1) that the person had to replace the food that he had eaten with the same kind of food or (2) that the person had to pay money to the priest for the food that he had eaten.
its fifth
Quote: חֲמִֽשִׁיתוֹ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction
The term its fifth refers to one part out of five equal parts.
Leviticus 22:15
that they lifted up
Quote: אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־ יָרִ֖ימוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
Here the phrase lifted up refers to a symbolic gesture of respect that represents offering something to Yahweh. It means basically the same thing as “presented.” Alternate translation: “that they offered”
Leviticus 22:16
and cause themselves to bear the guilt of the guilt offering
Quote: וְהִשִּׂ֤יאוּ אוֹתָם֙ עֲוֺ֣ן אַשְׁמָ֔ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Here, guilt is spoken of as if it were an object that people can carry.
and cause themselves to bear the guilt of the guilt offering
Quote: וְהִשִּׂ֤יאוּ אוֹתָם֙ עֲוֺ֣ן אַשְׁמָ֔ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
This could mean: (1) they would be responsible for their sin and so become guilty. Alternate translation: “they would be guilty for the sin that they committed” or (2) the word guilt is a metonym for punishment for the sin that they committed. Alternate translation: “they would receive the punishment because they are guilty”
Leviticus 22:18
the sojourners
Quote: הַגֵּ֣ר (1)Alternate translation: “the foreigner”
Leviticus 22:19
for your acceptance
Quote: לִֽרְצֹנְכֶ֑ם (1)Alternate translation: “in order for Yahweh to accept it”
Leviticus 22:21
to be accepted
Quote: לְרָצ֔וֹן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for me to accept it” or “for Yahweh to accept it”
Leviticus 22:22
disabled, … maimed, or
Quote: שָׁב֜וּר אוֹ־ חָר֣וּץ (1)The words disabled and maimed refer to defects caused by accidents.
or … that have warts, … eczema, or scabs
Quote: יַבֶּ֗לֶת א֤וֹ גָרָב֙ א֣וֹ יַלֶּ֔פֶת (1)The words warts, eczema, and scabs refer to types of skin diseases.
Leviticus 22:23
that is deformed or stunted
Quote: שָׂר֣וּעַ וְקָל֑וּט (1)The words deformed andsmall refer to defects the animal has from birth.
it will not be accepted
Quote: לֹ֥א יֵרָצֶֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will not accept it” or “Yahweh will not accept it”
Leviticus 22:25
And from the hand of the son of a foreigner you must not offer the food of your God from any of these because their deformity is in them and a defect is in them
Quote: וּמִיַּ֣ד בֶּן־ נֵכָ֗ר לֹ֥א תַקְרִ֛יבוּ אֶת־ לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם מִכָּל־ אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֣י מָשְׁחָתָ֤ם בָּהֶם֙ מ֣וּם בָּ֔ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche
Here the word hand represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “And you must not offer as food to your God any deformed animal from a foreigner”
you must not offer the food of your God
Quote: לֹ֥א תַקְרִ֛יבוּ אֶת־ לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche
God did not actually eat the sacrifices. Priests would offer the sacrifice on God’s altar, and they would eat some of the meat. Alternate translation: “you must not present an animal as a food offering to your God”
And from the hand of the son of a foreigner you must not offer the food of your God from any of these because their deformity is in them and a defect is in them
Quote: וּמִיַּ֣ד בֶּן־ נֵכָ֗ר לֹ֥א תַקְרִ֛יבוּ אֶת־ לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם מִכָּל־ אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֣י מָשְׁחָתָ֤ם בָּהֶם֙ מ֣וּם בָּ֔ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
It is implied that Israelites could not use animals as a sacrifice to God if they bought it from a foreigner, because foreigners castrated their animals making them unacceptable to God. Alternate translation: “And you must not offer to your God any animal that a foreigner has castrated, because that animal is deformed as a result”
They will not be accepted for you
Quote: לֹ֥א יֵרָצ֖וּ לָכֶֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not accept them from you”
Leviticus 22:27
it may be accepted
Quote: יֵרָצֶ֕ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you may accept it”
an offering made by fire
Quote: אִשֶּׁ֖ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for a burnt offering”
Leviticus 22:30
it must be eaten
Quote: יֵאָכֵ֔ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must eat it”
Leviticus 22:31
And you must keep my commandments and you must do them
Quote: וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ מִצְוֺתַ֔י וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet
The words keep and do mean the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey God’s commands. Alternate translation: “you must obey my commandments”
Leviticus 22:32
And you must not profane my holy name
Quote: וְלֹ֤א תְחַלְּלוּ֙ אֶת־ שֵׁ֣ם קָדְשִׁ֔י (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here the word name represents Yahweh himself and his reputation and profane means to remove the honor that belongs to God as Creator and Lord of the universe. Alternate translation: “And you must not dishonor me, for I am holy” or “And you must not dishonor my holy reputation”
I must be treated as holy in the midst of the sons of Israel
Quote: וְנִ֨קְדַּשְׁתִּ֔י בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel must treat me as holy”
Leviticus 23
Leviticus 23 General Notes
Structure and formatting
Special concepts in this chapter
The feasts
The people should celebrate the Sabbath, the Passover, the Feast of First Fruits, the Feast of Weeks, the Feast of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement and the Feast of Booths. These feasts were important for the religious life of Israel. They were a part of proper worship of Yahweh and the identity of Israel. (See: субота, суботній, свято Великодня, Великдень and перші плоди and спокута, спокутувати, викуплений, викуплений)
Leviticus 23:2
the appointed times of Yahweh
Quote: מוֹעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה (1)These refers to festivals that the Lord had appointed to happen on specific dates. The people were to worship him at these festivals. Alternate translation: “the festivals for Yahweh” or “Yahweh’s festivals”
Leviticus 23:3
and on the seventh day is a sabbath of solemn rest
Quote: וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתוֹן֙ (1)The people must rest habitually on the seventh day. After every six days in which they can work, they must rest on the seventh day.
a holy assembly
Quote: מִקְרָא־ קֹ֔דֶשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
The requirement that people assemble to worship God on that day is spoken of as if that day were the assembly. Alternate translation: “a holy day, when you must assemble together to worship me”
Leviticus 23:4
at their appointed times
Quote: בְּמוֹעֲדָֽם (1)Alternate translation: “at their proper times”
Leviticus 23:5
In the first month, on day 14 of the month
Quote: בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן בְּאַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לַחֹ֖דֶשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths
The first month of the Hebrew calendar marks when Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt. The fourteenth day is around the beginning of April on the Western calendar.
In the first month
Quote: בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal
The word first is the ordinal form of “one”. Alternate translation: “In month one”
between the evenings
Quote: בֵּ֣ין הָעַרְבָּ֑יִם (1)Alternate translation: “at sunset”
Leviticus 23:6
And on day 15 of this month
Quote: וּבַחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֔ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths
Here, this month is the first month of the Hebrew calendar (verse 5). It was in the first month that Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt. The fifteenth day is around the beginning of April on the Western calendar.
Leviticus 23:7
On the first day there will be a holy assembly for you
Quote: בַּיּוֹם֙ הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן מִקְרָא־ קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם (1)Alternate translation: “You must set apart the first day to gather together” or “You must treat the first day as different and gather together”
Leviticus 23:8
And you will offer an offering made by fire
Quote: וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם אִשֶּׁ֛ה (1)They would present the offering to Yahweh by burning it on the altar.
On day seven is a holy assembly
Quote: בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי֙ מִקְרָא־ קֹ֔דֶשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
The requirement that people assemble on that day is spoken of as if that day were an assembly. Being holy means that when they assemble, they must worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “The seventh day is a day when you must assemble together to worship Yahweh”
Leviticus 23:11
to be accepted for you
Quote: לִֽרְצֹנְכֶ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh to accept it for you” or “and I will accept it for you”
Leviticus 23:13
two-tenths of an ephah of
Quote: שְׁנֵ֨י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜ים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume
An ephah is 22 liters. Alternate translation: “four and a half liters”
a fourth of a hin of
Quote: רְבִיעִ֥ת הַהִֽין (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume
A hin is 3.7 liters. Alternate translation: “a liter”
Leviticus 23:14
It is a permanent statute throughout your generations
Quote: חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם (1)This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. See how you translated this in Leviticus 3:17.
Leviticus 23:16
seventh
Quote: הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔ת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal
The word seventh is the ordinal for number seven.
Leviticus 23:17
They must be two loaves of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour. They must be baked with yeast
Quote: שְׁ֚תַּיִם שְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים סֹ֣לֶת תִּהְיֶ֔ינָה חָמֵ֖ץ תֵּאָפֶ֑ינָה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They must be two loaves of bread that you have made from two-tenths of an ephah of flour and then baked with yeast”
two … tenths of an ephah of
Quote: שְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume
An ephah is 22 liters. Two-tenths of an ephah is is approximately 4.4 liters. Alternate translation: “four and a half liters”
Leviticus 23:18
a sweet aroma for Yahweh
Quote: רֵֽיחַ־ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The Lord’s pleasure with the aroma represents his pleasure with the person who burns the offering. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be pleased with you” or “that pleases the Yahweh”
Leviticus 23:22
And when you harvest the harvest of your land, you must not finish the edge of your field
Quote: וּֽבְקֻצְרְכֶ֞ם אֶת־ קְצִ֣יר אַרְצְכֶ֗ם לֹֽא־ תְכַלֶּ֞ה פְּאַ֤ת שָֽׂדְךָ֙ (1)Alternate translation: “And when you gather your crops, do not gather them all the way to the edges of your fields”
Leviticus 23:24
In the seventh month, on day one of the month
Quote: בַּחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֗דֶשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths
This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of September on Western calendars.
In the seventh month
Quote: בַּחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal
The word seventh is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “In month seven”
a solemn rest
Quote: שַׁבָּת֔וֹן (1)This was a period of time that was only for worship and not for work.
Leviticus 23:25
and you must offer a sacrifice made by fire to Yahweh
Quote: וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and you must offer a sacrifice that you make by fire to Yahweh” or “and you must burn an offering on the altar to Yahweh”
Leviticus 23:27
on day 10 of this seventh month
Quote: בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ֩ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֨י הַזֶּ֜ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths
This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on Western calendars.
of this seventh month
Quote: לַחֹדֶשׁ֩ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֨י הַזֶּ֜ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal
The word seventh is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “of month seven”
the Day of Atonement
Quote: י֧וֹם הַכִּפֻּרִ֣ים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
On this day each year the high priest made a sacrifice to Yahweh so that Yahweh would forgive all the sins of the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Day of Sacrifice for Forgiveness”
Leviticus 23:29
then he must be cut off from his people
Quote: וְנִכְרְתָ֖ה מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Being excluded is spoken of as being cut off. See how you translated this idea in Leviticus 7:20. Alternate translation: “then he must be cut off from his people as a branch is cut off”
then he must be cut off from his people
Quote: וְנִכְרְתָ֖ה מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then you must exclude him from his people” or “then you must separate that person from his people”
Leviticus 23:30
on that very day
Quote: בְּעֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה (1)Alternate translation: “on the Day of Atonement”
Leviticus 23:31
It is a permanent statute throughout your generations
Quote: חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם (1)This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. See how you translated a similar phrase in Leviticus 3:17.
Leviticus 23:32
It is a sabbath of solemn rest
Quote: שַׁבַּ֨ת שַׁבָּת֥וֹן הוּא֙ (1)This is not the same as the Sabbath they observed every week on the seventh day. This was a special Sabbath on the Day of Atonement.
and you must humble yourselves
Quote: וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת־ נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
In this case humbling themselves implies that they would not eat any food. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “and you must humble yourselves and eat nothing”
on day nine of the month
Quote: בְּתִשְׁעָ֤ה לַחֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This refers to the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The ninth day is near the end of September on Western calendars. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the ninth day of the seventh month”
From evening until evening
Quote: מֵעֶ֣רֶב עַד־ עֶ֔רֶב (1)Alternate translation: “From sunset to sunset on the next day”
Leviticus 23:34
On day 15 of the seventh month
Quote: בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֜ר י֗וֹם לַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths
This date is near the beginning of October on Western calendars.
of the seventh month
Quote: לַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal
The word seventh is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “of month seven”
is the Festival of Huts
Quote: חַ֧ג הַסֻּכּ֛וֹת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
This is a celebration during which the people of Israel lived in temporary shelters for seven days as a way to remember the time they spent living in the wilderness after they left Egypt.
Leviticus 23:37
These are … appointed times of
Quote: אֵ֚לֶּה מוֹעֲדֵ֣י (1)This refers to the festivals mentioned in 23:1–36.
Leviticus 23:39
on day 15 of the seventh month
Quote: בַּחֲמִשָּׁה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֜וֹם לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths
This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October on Western calendars.
of the seventh month
Quote: לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal
The word seventh is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “of month seven”
when you have gathered the produce of
Quote: בְּאָסְפְּכֶם֙ אֶת־ תְּבוּאַ֣ת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche
The word produce here represents various kinds of crops. Alternate translation: “after you have gathered the crops of”
Leviticus 23:40
branches of palm trees, and branches of leafy trees, and willows of the stream
Quote: כַּפֹּ֣ת תְּמָרִ֔ים וַעֲנַ֥ף עֵץ־ עָבֹ֖ת וְעַרְבֵי־ נָ֑חַל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Possible uses for these branches are: (1) to make temporary shelters or (2) to wave them as part of their joyous celebration. Some translations state their use clearly; other translations leave it implicit.
and willows of
Quote: וְעַרְבֵי (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
The willows are trees with long, narrow leaves, which grow near water.
Leviticus 24
Leviticus 24 General Notes
Special concepts in this chapter
Cursing God
The punishment for someone who curses God is to have stones thrown at him until he is dead. This was acceptable in ancient Israel, but it is no longer considered acceptable. (See: прокляття, проклинати, проклятий, що проклинає)
Leviticus 24:1
General Information:
God gives Moses instructions about the things in the tent of meeting.
Leviticus 24:2
pure beaten oil of the olive
Quote: שֶׁ֣מֶן זַ֥יִת זָ֛ךְ כָּתִ֖ית (1)Alternate translation: “pure olive oil”
the lamp
Quote: נֵ֖ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This refers to the lamp or lamps in Yahweh’s sacred tent. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the lamp in the tent of meeting”
Leviticus 24:3
Outside the curtain of the testimony
Quote: מִחוּץ֩ לְפָרֹ֨כֶת הָעֵדֻ֜ת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche
Here, the testimony represents either the tablets that the decrees were written on or the box that the tablets were put in. These were kept in the very holy place, which was the room behind the curtain in the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: “Outside the curtain that is in front of the tablets of the covenant decrees” or “Outside the curtain that is in front of the box of the covenant”
the curtain of
Quote: לְפָרֹ֨כֶת (1)This curtain was a thick fabric hung as a wall. It was not like a light window curtain.
from evening until morning
Quote: מֵעֶ֧רֶב עַד־ בֹּ֛קֶר (1)Alternate translation: “from sunset to sunrise” or “all night”
It is a permanent statute throughout your generations
Quote: חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לְדֹרֹֽתֵיכֶֽם (1)This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. See how you translated a similar phrase in Leviticus 3:17.
Leviticus 24:5
two-tenths of an ephah
Quote: שְׁנֵי֙ עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume
An ephah is about 22 litres. This two-tenths is about 4.4 liters. Alternate translation: “four and a half liters”
Leviticus 24:6
the pure gold table before the face of Yahweh
Quote: הַשֻּׁלְחָ֥ן הַטָּהֹ֖ר לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה (1)This table is in the holy place, which is before the most holy place.
Leviticus 24:7
And you must put on the row pure incense
Quote: וְנָתַתָּ֥ עַל־ הַֽמַּעֲרֶ֖כֶת לְבֹנָ֣ה זַכָּ֑ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The incense was probably next to the loaves, rather than directly on the loaves. Alternate translation: “And you must put pure incense next to the loaves in each row”
and it will be a memorial portion for the bread
Quote: וְהָיְתָ֤ה לַלֶּ֨חֶם֙ לְאַזְכָּרָ֔ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
What the incense would represent can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “and it will represent the loaves as an offering” or “and it will be an offering that represents the loaves”
Leviticus 24:9
And it will be
Quote: וְהָֽיְתָה֙ (1)Alternate translation: “And this bread that is offered will be”
from Yahweh’s offerings made by fire
Quote: מֵאִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָ֖ה (1)Alternate translation: “fro the burnt offerings to Yahweh” or “from the offerings that you burn to Yahweh”
Leviticus 24:10
Now … went out
Quote: וַיֵּצֵא֙ (1)This phrase marks a new section of the book.
Leviticus 24:11
And the son of the Israelite woman blasphemed the Name and cursed
Quote: וַ֠יִּקֹּב בֶּן־ הָֽאִשָּׁ֨ה הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִ֤ית אֶת־ הַשֵּׁם֙ וַיְקַלֵּ֔ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism
The words blasphemed and cursed mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “And the son of the Israelite woman blasphemed Yahweh by cursing him” or “And the son of the Israelite woman said terrible things about Yahweh”
Shelomith
Quote: שְׁלֹמִ֥ית (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names
Shelomith is the name of a woman.
the daughter of Dibri
Quote: בַּת־ דִּבְרִ֖י (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names
* Dibri* is the name of a man.
Leviticus 24:14
And all the hearers must lay their hands on his head
Quote: וְסָמְכ֧וּ כָֽל־ הַשֹּׁמְעִ֛ים אֶת־ יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־ רֹאשׁ֑וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction
They were to put their hands on his head to show that he was the guilty one.
Leviticus 24:15
then he must bear his sin
Quote: וְנָשָׂ֥א חֶטְאֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Suffering for sin is spoken of if a person were to carry his guilt. Alternate translation: “then he must suffer for his sin” or “then he must be punished
Leviticus 24:16
he must be put to death
Quote: יוּמָֽת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people must put him to death” or “the people must kill him”
Leviticus 24:17
he must certainly be put to death
Quote: מ֖וֹת יוּמָֽת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must certainly put him to death”
Leviticus 24:18
must repay it
Quote: יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑נָּה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
How he would repay it can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “must pay it back by giving him a live animal”
life in place of life
Quote: נֶ֖פֶשׁ תַּ֥חַת נָֽפֶשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
This is an idiom that means that one life would replace the other. Alternate translation: “one life to replace the other life” or “to replace the one that he killed”
Leviticus 24:19
so it will be done to him
Quote: כֵּ֖ן יֵעָ֥שֶׂה לּֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must do the same to him”
Leviticus 24:20
fracture in place of fracture, eye in place of eye, tooth in place of tooth
Quote: שֶׁ֚בֶר תַּ֣חַת שֶׁ֔בֶר עַ֚יִן תַּ֣חַת עַ֔יִן שֵׁ֖ן תַּ֣חַת שֵׁ֑ן (1)These phrases emphasize that a person should receive the same harm he did to someone else.
fracture in place of fracture
Quote: שֶׁ֚בֶר תַּ֣חַת שֶׁ֔בֶר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
A fracture refers to broken bones. Alternate translation: “broken bone for broken bone” or “if he breaks someone’s bone, one of his bones must be broken” or “if he breaks someone’s bone, they will break one of his bones”
eye in place of eye
Quote: עַ֚יִן תַּ֣חַת עַ֔יִן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
This refers to an eye being seriously injured or gouged out. Alternate translation: “if he destroys someone’s eye, one of his bones must be destroyed” or “if he destroys someone’s eye, they will destroy his eye”
tooth in place of tooth
Quote: שֵׁ֖ן תַּ֣חַת שֵׁ֑ן (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
This refers to a tooth being knocked out of the mouth. Alternate translation: “if he knocks out someone’s tooth, one of his teeth must be knocked out” or “if he knocks out someone’s tooth, they will knock out one of his teeth”
Leviticus 24:21
And he who strikes dead a human must be put to death
Quote: וּמַכֵּ֥ה אָדָ֖ם יוּמָֽת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And they must put to death anyone who kills a person”
Leviticus 25
Leviticus 25 General Notes
Special concepts in this chapter
Over-farming
There is a provision made in this chapter to prevent over-farming of the land. If a land is farmed every year with the same crops, it will quickly become unable to grow anything.
Sabbath and Jubilee Years
Every seventh year, the land should not be planted. Every fiftieth year Israelite slaves must be freed and all land that has been bought returned to its original owners. This prevented people from getting trapped by their poverty.
Leviticus 25:2
then the land must keep a sabbath, a sabbath for Yahweh
Quote: וְשָׁבְתָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ שַׁבָּ֖ת לַיהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification
The land is spoken of as if it were a person that could obey the Sabbath by resting.
then the land must keep a sabbath, a sabbath for Yahweh
Quote: וְשָׁבְתָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ שַׁבָּ֖ת לַיהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Here the people honoring God by not farming the land every seventh year is spoken of as if the land were taking a sabbath rest. Alternate translation: “you must let the land rest every seventh year to honor Yahweh” or “you must obey Yahweh’s Sabbath by not farming the land every seventh year”
Leviticus 25:3
you must prune your vineyard
Quote: תִּזְמֹ֣ר כַּרְמֶ֑ךָ (1)To prune a vineyard is to cut the branches and vines to help the fruit grow better.
Leviticus 25:4
there must be a sabbath of solemn rest for the land
Quote: שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתוֹן֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָאָ֔רֶץ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Not farming the land is spoken of as letting the land rest. Alternate translation: “you must observe a Sabbath of solemn rest for the land by not farming it” or “you must obey the Sabbath law by not farming the land every seventh year”
Leviticus 25:5
You must not harvest the second growth of your harvest and you must not gather the grapes of your unpruned vines
Quote: אֵ֣ת סְפִ֤יחַ קְצִֽירְךָ֙ לֹ֣א תִקְצ֔וֹר וְאֶת־ עִנְּבֵ֥י נְזִירֶ֖ךָ לֹ֣א תִבְצֹ֑ר (1)Yahweh will not allow the owner of a field to organize his workers and harvest the land as he does the other six years. However, Yahweh will allow individuals to go through the fields to pick and eat the fruit they find.
your unpruned vines
Quote: נְזִירֶ֖ךָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
To be unpruned means that no one has taken care of the vines and cut them as they do during the other six years. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your vines that you do not prune”
Leviticus 25:6
And the sabbath of the land will be for you, as food for you, and for your male slave, and for your female slave, and for your hired servant, and for the foriegn resident who is sojourning with you
Quote: וְ֠הָיְתָה שַׁבַּ֨ת הָאָ֤רֶץ לָכֶם֙ לְאָכְלָ֔ה לְךָ֖ וּלְעַבְדְּךָ֣ וְלַאֲמָתֶ֑ךָ וְלִשְׂכִֽירְךָ֙ וּלְתוֹשָׁ֣בְךָ֔ הַגָּרִ֖ים עִמָּֽךְ (1)Yahweh will not allow the owner of a field to organize his workers and harvest the land as he does the other six years. However, Yahweh will allow individuals to go through the fields to pick and eat the fruit they find.
Leviticus 25:7
all its yield
Quote: כָל־ תְּבוּאָתָ֖הּ (1)Alternate translation: “whatever grows on the land”
Leviticus 25:8
seven sabbaths of years
Quote: שֶׁ֚בַע שַׁבְּתֹ֣ת הַשָּׁנִ֔ים (1)Alternate translation: “seven sets of seven years”
Leviticus 25:9
on the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month
Quote: בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִעִ֔י בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths
This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on Western calendars.
on the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month
Quote: בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִעִ֔י בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal
The words seventh and tenth are the ordinals of “seven” and “ten”. Alternate translation: “in month seven, on day ten of the month”
On the Day of Atonement
Quote: בְּיוֹם֙ הַכִּפֻּרִ֔ים (1)On * the Day of Atonement* each year the high priest would make a sacrifice to Yahweh so that Yahweh would forgive all the sins of the people of Israel. See how you translated this in Leviticus 23:27.
Leviticus 25:10
It will be a jubilee for you
Quote: יוֹבֵ֥ל הִוא֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם (1)The Jubilee was a year when the Jews had to return land to its’ original owners and set slaves free. Alternate translation: “it will be a year of restoration for you” or “it will be a year for you to return land and free slaves”
Leviticus 25:11
will be a jubilee for you
Quote: יוֹבֵ֣ל & תִּהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
You can state clearly who they were returning the land to. Alternate translation: “will be a year for you to return the land to me”
Leviticus 25:12
You must eat its yield from the field
Quote: מִן־ הַ֨שָּׂדֶ֔ה תֹּאכְל֖וּ אֶת־ תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ (1)Yahweh did not allow the land owner to organize his workers and harvest the land as he did the other six years. However, he did allow individuals to go through the fields and eat what they find.
Leviticus 25:13
In this Year of Jubilee
Quote: בִּשְׁנַ֥ת הַיּוֹבֵ֖ל הַזֹּ֑את (1)Alternate translation: “In this year of restoration” or “In this year to return land and free slaves”
Leviticus 25:18
And you must do my statutes, and my laws you must keep and do them
Quote: וַעֲשִׂיתֶם֙ אֶת־ חֻקֹּתַ֔י וְאֶת־ מִשְׁפָּטַ֥י תִּשְׁמְר֖וּ וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם אֹתָ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism
All of these phrases mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey everything Yahweh says.
Leviticus 25:19
and you will eat to satisfaction
Quote: וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֖ם לָשֹׂ֑בַע (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
This means that they would eat enough until their stomach was full. Alternate translation: “and you will eat till you are full” or “snd you will eat plenty”
Leviticus 25:20
you say
Quote: תֹאמְר֔וּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you
Here, you refers to the people of Israel.
Leviticus 25:21
Then I will command my blessing for you
Quote: וְצִוִּ֤יתִי אֶת־ בִּרְכָתִי֙ לָכֶ֔ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification
God speaks of Yahweh’s blessing as if it were a person that could obey him. Alternate translation: “Then I will send my blessing on you” or “Then I will bless you”
Leviticus 25:23
And the land must not be sold
Quote: וְהָאָ֗רֶץ לֹ֤א תִמָּכֵר֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not sell your land”
Leviticus 25:24
you must give redemption for the land
Quote: גְּאֻלָּ֖ה תִּתְּנ֥וּ לָאָֽרֶץ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word redemption, you can express the same idea with the verbs “redeem” or “buy back.” Alternate translation: “you must remember that the original owner has the right to redeem the land whenever he wants”
Leviticus 25:27
the years of its sale
Quote: אֶת־ שְׁנֵ֣י מִמְכָּר֔וֹ (1)Alternate translation: “the number of years since he sold the land”
and return the balance to the man whom he sold it to
Quote: וְהֵשִׁיב֙ אֶת־ הָ֣עֹדֵ֔ף לָאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָֽכַר־ ל֑וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and repay to the purchaser who bought it the money the purchaser would have made”
Leviticus 25:28
the Year of Jubilee
Quote: שְׁנַ֣ת הַיּוֹבֵ֑ל (1)See how you translated this in Leviticus 25:10. Alternate translation: “the year of restoration” or “the year to return land”
and he will return to his property
Quote: וְשָׁ֖ב לַאֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ (1)Alternate translation: “and he will go back to his land”
Leviticus 25:29
his right of redemption
Quote: גְּאֻלָּת֔וֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word redemption, you can express the same idea with the verbs “redeem” or “buy back.” Alternate translation: “the right to redeem it”
Leviticus 25:30
And if it is not redeemed
Quote: וְאִ֣ם לֹֽא־ יִגָּאֵ֗ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if he or his family does not redeem the house”
Leviticus 25:31
And the houses of the villages that have no wall around them
Quote: וּבָתֵּ֣י הַחֲצֵרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֵין־ לָהֶ֤ם חֹמָה֙ סָבִ֔יב (1)Some villages did not have a wall around them.
Leviticus 25:33
a sold house
Quote: מִמְכַּר־ בַּ֛יִת (1)Alternate translation: “a house that he has sold”
in the Jubilee
Quote: בַּיֹּבֵ֑ל (1)Alternate translation: “in the year of restoration” or “in the year to return land and free slaves”
it is their possession among the sons of Israel
Quote: הִ֚וא אֲחֻזָּתָ֔ם בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל (1)The land of Canaan was divided up among the people of Israel, but of that land, the Levites were only given 48 cities with the fields around them. Alternate translation: “it is their part of the land that the Israelites possessed” or “it is their property in the land of Israel”
Leviticus 25:34
And the field of the pastureland of their cities must not be sold
Quote: וּֽשְׂדֵ֛ה מִגְרַ֥שׁ עָרֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֣א יִמָּכֵ֑ר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the Levites must not sell the fields around their cities”
Leviticus 25:36
Do not take from him interest or usury
Quote: אַל־ תִּקַּ֤ח מֵֽאִתּוֹ֙ נֶ֣שֶׁךְ וְתַרְבִּ֔ית (1)Alternate translation: “Do not make him pay you back more than what you lend him”
Leviticus 25:39
you must not make him work the work of a slave
Quote: לֹא־ תַעֲבֹ֥ד בּ֖וֹ עֲבֹ֥דַת עָֽבֶד (1)The owner was to treat the Israelite with more respect than he would treat a slave.
Leviticus 25:40
Like a hired worker, like a temporary resident, he must be with you
Quote: כְּשָׂכִ֥יר כְּתוֹשָׁ֖ב יִהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֑ךְ (1)The owner was to treat the Israelite with more respect than he would treat a slave.
the Year of Jubilee
Quote: שְׁנַ֥ת הַיֹּבֵ֖ל (1)Alternate translation: “the year of restoration” or “the year to return land and free slaves”
Leviticus 25:42
they are my servants
Quote: עֲבָדַ֣י הֵ֔ם (1)Alternate translation: “your fellow countrymen are my servants”
They will not be sold in a slave sale
Quote: לֹ֥א יִמָּכְר֖וּ מִמְכֶּ֥רֶת עָֽבֶד (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not sell them as slaves”
Leviticus 25:48
after he has been sold, there will be redemption for him. One of his brothers may redeem him
Quote: אַחֲרֵ֣י נִמְכַּ֔ר גְּאֻלָּ֖ה תִּהְיֶה־ לּ֑וֹ אֶחָ֥ד מֵאֶחָ֖יו יִגְאָלֶֽנּוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after the foreigner buys your fellow Israelite, someone in the Israelite’s family may buy him back”
Leviticus 25:50
until the Year of Jubilee
Quote: עַ֖ד שְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֑ל (1)An Israelite could be a slave only until the year of Jubilee. These instructions are for when an Israelite wanted to buy back his freedom before the year of Jubilee.
the Year of Jubilee
Quote: שְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֑ל (1)Alternate translation: “the year of restoration” or “the year to return land and to free slaves”
according to the number of years
Quote: בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שָׁנִ֔ים (1)Alternate translation: “according to the number of years until the jubilee that the Israelite would have continued to work but will not”
like the days of a hired worker it will be with him
Quote: כִּימֵ֥י שָׂכִ֖יר יִהְיֶ֥ה עִמּֽוֹ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If the Israelite bought back his freedom, the foreigner would have to hire a servant to do the work that the Israelite would have done but will not. If your language does not use the passive verb hired in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “according to the rate a person would pay to hire a servant”
Leviticus 25:51
he must pay back
Quote: יָשִׁ֣יב (1)Alternate translation: “the Israelite slave must pay back”
Leviticus 25:54
And if he is not redeemed by these
Quote: וְאִם־ לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל בְּאֵ֑לֶּה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If no one redeems him by these means”
And if he is not redeemed by these
Quote: וְאִם־ לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל בְּאֵ֑לֶּה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
You can state explicitly who he is to be redeemed from. Alternate translation: “If no one redeems him by these means from the one who bought him as a slave”
then he must go out in the Year of Jubilee, he and his sons with him
Quote: וְיָצָא֙ בִּשְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֔ל ה֖וּא וּבָנָ֥יו עִמּֽוֹ (1)The Israelite slave and his children would serve the foreigner until the Year of Jubilee, and then the foreigner would have to set the Israelite and his children free.
Leviticus 25:55
to me the sons of Israel are servants
Quote: לִ֤י בְנֵֽי־ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ עֲבָדִ֔ים (1)This is the reason that God wanted the Israelites to be set free in the year of jubilee. They were his servants. They were not permitted to be anyone else’s permanent slave. Alternate translation: “it is to me that the people of Israel are servants”
Leviticus 26
Leviticus 26 General Notes
Special concepts in this chapter
Worship only Yahweh
If people obey God and worship only him, he will bless and protect them. If people disobey his law and if they worship other gods, then he will severely punish them to help them to repent and begin obeying him. This takes the form of a promise. (See: закон, закон Мойсея, Божі закони, Закон Яхве, , Закон, книга Мойсея and каятися, покаяння and обіцянка, обіцяти)
Leviticus 26:1
General Information:
Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
Leviticus 26:2
My sabbaths you must keep
Quote: אֶת־ שַׁבְּתֹתַ֣י תִּשְׁמֹ֔רוּ (1)Alternate translation: “You must obey the rules for my Sabbaths”
Leviticus 26:3
you walk in my statutes and keep my commandments and do them
Quote: בְּחֻקֹּתַ֖י תֵּלֵ֑כוּ וְאֶת־ מִצְוֺתַ֣י תִּשְׁמְר֔וּ וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism
These are three ways of saying the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey everything that God commands them to do. Alternate translation: “If you carefully obey my laws and commands”
you walk in my statutes
Quote: בְּחֻקֹּתַ֖י תֵּלֵ֑כוּ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Behaving according to the statutes is spoken of as if they were to walk in the laws. Alternate translation: “you behave according to my laws” or “you live according to my laws”
Leviticus 26:5
And you will eat your bread to satisfaction
Quote: וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם לַחְמְכֶם֙ לָשֹׂ֔בַע (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche
Here bread represents food. Alternate translation: “will eat your food to satisfaction”
And you will eat your bread to satisfaction
Quote: וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם לַחְמְכֶם֙ לָשֹׂ֔בַע (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word satisfaction, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And you will eat food until you are satisfied” or “And you will have plenty of food to eat”
Leviticus 26:6
And I will give peace in the land
Quote: וְנָתַתִּ֤י שָׁלוֹם֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ (1)Alternate translation: “And I will cause there to be peace in the land”
and the sword will not pass through your land
Quote: וְחֶ֖רֶב לֹא־ תַעֲבֹ֥ר בְּאַרְצְכֶֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here the word sword represents enemy armies or enemy attacks. Alternate translation: “and no armies will attack you”
Leviticus 26:7
and they will fall before your face by the sword
Quote: וְנָפְל֥וּ לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם לֶחָֽרֶב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here, fall represents dying, and the sword represents either attacking people with a sword or battle in general. Alternate translation: “and they will die when you attack them with the sword” or “and you will kill them in battle”
Leviticus 26:8
And five from you will pursue a hundred, and a hundred from you will pursue ten thousand
Quote: וְרָדְפ֨וּ מִכֶּ֤ם חֲמִשָּׁה֙ מֵאָ֔ה וּמֵאָ֥ה מִכֶּ֖ם רְבָבָ֣ה יִרְדֹּ֑פוּ (1)This means the Israelites will have victory against larger armies.
Leviticus 26:9
And I will turn to you
Quote: וּפָנִ֣יתִי אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם (1)Alternate translation: “And I will show you favor” or “And I will bless you”
and make you fruitful and multiply you
Quote: וְהִפְרֵיתִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֖י אֶתְכֶ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet
These two phrases refer to God causing them to have many descendants so they become a large group.
and make you fruitful
Quote: וְהִפְרֵיתִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
God speaks of them having many children as if they were trees that bear a lot of fruit. Alternate translation: “and cause you to have many children”
Leviticus 26:10
And you will eat the old that has grown old
Quote: וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֥ם יָשָׁ֖ן נוֹשָׁ֑ן (1)Alternate translation: “And you will have enough food stored to eat for a long time” or “And you will have enough food to store and eat it for a long time”
Leviticus 26:11
and my spirit will not detest you
Quote: וְלֹֽא־ תִגְעַ֥ל נַפְשִׁ֖י אֶתְכֶֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives
If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the double-negative not detest in positive form. Alternate translation: “and I will accept you”
Leviticus 26:12
And I will walk in the midst of you
Quote: וְהִתְהַלַּכְתִּי֙ בְּת֣וֹכְכֶ֔ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Walking among them represents living with them. Alternate translation: “And I will live with you”
Leviticus 26:13
And I broke the bars of your yoke
Quote: וָאֶשְׁבֹּר֙ מֹטֹ֣ת עֻלְּכֶ֔ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
God speaks of their slavery as if they had to wear a yoke that animals wear in order to do hard work. Breaking the bars of the yoke represents setting them free. Alternate translation: “I have set you free from the hard labor they made you do”
Leviticus 26:16
I will inflict terror on you
Quote: וְהִפְקַדְתִּ֨י עֲלֵיכֶ֤ם בֶּֽהָלָה֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Here, terror represents the things that will cause them to be terrified. Alternate translation: “I will send disasters that will terrify you”
and drains away life
Quote: וּמְדִיבֹ֣ת נָ֑פֶשׁ (1)It is the diseases and the fever that will do this. Alternate translation: “and will slowly take away your life” or “and will slowly make you die”
And you will sow your seed for nothing
Quote: וּזְרַעְתֶּ֤ם לָרִיק֙ זַרְעֲכֶ֔ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
The phrase for nothing means that they would get nothing from their work. Alternate translation: “And you will plant your seeds in vain” or “And you will plant your seeds, but you will not get anything from them”
Leviticus 26:17
And I will set my face against you
Quote: וְנָתַתִּ֤י פָנַי֙ בָּכֶ֔ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
This idiom means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “And I have made up my mind to oppose you”
Leviticus 26:18
seven times
Quote: שֶׁ֖בַע (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
Here, seven times is not literal. It means Yahweh will increase the severity of his punishment.
Leviticus 26:19
And I will break the pride of your power
Quote: וְשָׁבַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־ גְּא֣וֹן עֻזְּכֶ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Using force to cause them not to be proud is spoken of as if he were to break their pride. Alternate translation: “And I will punish you and so end the pride that you feel about your power” or “And I will punish you so that you will no longer be proud of your power”
And I will make your sky like iron and your land like bronze
Quote: וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־ שְׁמֵיכֶם֙ כַּבַּרְזֶ֔ל וְאֶֽת־ אַרְצְכֶ֖ם כַּנְּחֻשָֽׁה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile
This means God will stop the rain from falling from the sky. This will make the ground hard so that people cannot plant seed or grow crops.
Leviticus 26:20
And your strength will be used up for nothing
Quote: וְתַ֥ם לָרִ֖יק כֹּחֲכֶ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Working very hard is spoken of as if they were to use all their strength until they had no more strength.
And your strength will be used up for nothing
Quote: וְתַ֥ם לָרִ֖יק כֹּחֲכֶ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
The phrase for nothing means that they would get nothing from working so hard. Alternate translation: “You will work very hard in vain” or “You will work very hard, but you will not receive anything good from working so hard”
Leviticus 26:21
you walk against me
Quote: תֵּֽלְכ֤וּ עִמִּי֙ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Walking represents behavior. To walk against God represents opposing him or rebelling against him. Alternate translation: “you rebel against me”
then I will add upon you a plague seven times
Quote: וְיָסַפְתִּ֤י עֲלֵיכֶם֙ מַכָּ֔ה שֶׁ֖בַע (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Yahweh causing disasters to happen to the Israelites is spoken of as if he would strike them with blows or hit them. Alternate translation: “I will cause seven times as many disasters to come against you” or “I will punish you seven times more severely”
seven times
Quote: שֶׁ֖בַע (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
Here, seven times is not literal. It means Yahweh will increase the severity of his punishment.
according to your sins
Quote: כְּחַטֹּאתֵיכֶֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word sins, you can express the same idea with the verb “sin.” Alternate translation: “according to how much you have sinned”
Leviticus 26:22
And your roads will become deserted
Quote: וְנָשַׁ֖מּוּ דַּרְכֵיכֶֽם (1)Here, deserted means that there is no one there. Alternate translation: “And so no one will travel on your roads”
Leviticus 26:23
And if in spite of these things
Quote: וְאִ֨ם־ בְּאֵ֔לֶּה (1)Alternate translation: “And if when I punish you like this” or “And if I discipline you like this and”
you do not accept my discpline
Quote: לֹ֥א תִוָּסְר֖וּ לִ֑י (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Accepting his discipline represents responding rightly to it. In this case responding rightly to it is choosing to obey him. Alternate translation: “you still do not listen to my correction” or “you still do not obey me”
and you walk against me in opposition
Quote: וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֥ם עִמִּ֖י קֶֽרִי (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
To walk represents behavior. Walking in opposition to him means opposing him or fighting against him. Alternate translation: “and you oppose me” or “and you fight against me”
Leviticus 26:24
then I will also walk, I myself, against you in opposition
Quote: וְהָלַכְתִּ֧י אַף־ אֲנִ֛י עִמָּכֶ֖ם בְּקֶ֑רִי (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
To walk represents behavior. Walking in opposition to him means opposing him or fighting against him. Alternate translation: “then I myself will also oppose you” or “ then I myself will also fight against you”
And I will strike you, even I myself, seven times
Quote: וְהִכֵּיתִ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ גַּם־ אָ֔נִי שֶׁ֖בַע (1)The number seven represents completeness. Alternate translation: “And I will personally punish you many times” or “And I myself will punish you most severely”
because of your sins
Quote: עַל־ חַטֹּאתֵיכֶֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word sins, you can express the same idea with the verb “sin.” Alternate translation: “because you continue to sin against me”
Leviticus 26:25
And I will bring a sword upon you
Quote: וְהֵבֵאתִ֨י עֲלֵיכֶ֜ם חֶ֗רֶב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here the word sword represents an army or an attack from an army. Alternate translation: “And I will bring an enemy army against you” or “And I will cause an enemy army to attack you”
that will avenge with the vengeance of the covenant
Quote: נֹקֶ֨מֶת֙ נְקַם־ בְּרִ֔ית (1)Alternate translation: “that will punish you because you broke the covenant”
and you will be gathered
Quote: וְנֶאֱסַפְתֶּ֖ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and you will gather together” or “and you will run to hide”
and you will be given into the hand of the one who is hostile
Quote: וְנִתַּתֶּ֖ם בְּיַד־ אוֹיֵֽב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here “into the hand” means “into the control” and refers to defeat by their enemy. Alternate translation: “and you will be place under the control of your enemy”
and you will be given into the hand of the one who is hostile
Quote: וְנִתַּתֶּ֖ם בְּיַד־ אוֹיֵֽב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will deliver you into the hand of your enemy” or “I will allow your enemy to control you”
Leviticus 26:26
When I break the staff of your bread
Quote: בְּשִׁבְרִ֣י לָכֶם֮ מַטֵּה־ לֶחֶם֒ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Destroying the food that people have stored or stopping people from being able to get it is spoken of as breaking the staff of their bread. Alternate translation: “When I destroy the food you have stored” or “When I cut off your food supply”
then ten women will bake your bread in one oven
Quote: וְ֠אָפוּ עֶ֣שֶׂר נָשִׁ֤ים לַחְמְכֶם֙ בְּתַנּ֣וּר אֶחָ֔ד (1)This implies that there will be so little flour that one small oven will be able to hold all the bread that many women have to put into it.
And they will distribute your bread by weight
Quote: וְהֵשִׁ֥יבוּ לַחְמְכֶ֖ם בַּמִּשְׁקָ֑ל (1)This means there will be so little bread that they will have to measure how much each person gets.
Leviticus 26:27
you do not listen to me
Quote: לֹ֥א תִשְׁמְע֖וּ לִ֑י (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
To listen represents obeying what he has said. Alternate translation: “you do not obey me”
and you walk against me in opposition
Quote: וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֥ם עִמִּ֖י בְּקֶֽרִי (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
To walk represents behavior. Walking against someone represents opposing him or fighting against him. Alternate translation: “and you oppose me” or “and you fight against me”
Leviticus 26:28
then I will walk against you
Quote: וְהָלַכְתִּ֥י עִמָּכֶ֖ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
To walk represents behavior. Walking against someone represents opposing him or fighting against him. Alternate translation: “then I will oppose you”
And I will discipline you, even I, seven times
Quote: וְיִסַּרְתִּ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ אַף־ אָ֔נִי שֶׁ֖בַע (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
Here, seven times is not literal. It means Yahweh will increase the severity of his punishment.
Leviticus 26:30
And I will destroy your high places, and cut down your incense altars, and put your corpses on the corpses of your idols
Quote: וְהִשְׁמַדְתִּ֞י אֶת־ בָּמֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם וְהִכְרַתִּי֙ אֶת־ חַמָּ֣נֵיכֶ֔ם וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ אֶת־ פִּגְרֵיכֶ֔ם עַל־ פִּגְרֵ֖י גִּלּוּלֵיכֶ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Because God would send an army to do these things, he speaks as if he would do them. Alternate translation: “I will send an enemy army to destroy your high places, and cut down your incense altars, and put your corpses on the corpses of your idols”
the corpses of your idols
Quote: פִּגְרֵ֖י גִּלּוּלֵיכֶ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
God speaks of idols not being alive as if they had been alive and then died. Alternate translation: “your lifeless idols”
Leviticus 26:31
And I will lay your cities in ruins and make your holy places desolate
Quote: וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־ עָֽרֵיכֶם֙ חָרְבָּ֔ה וַהֲשִׁמּוֹתִ֖י אֶת־ מִקְדְּשֵׁיכֶ֑ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Because God would send armies to do these things, he speaks as if he would do them. Alternate translation: “I will send enemy armies to turn your cities into ruins and destroy your sanctuaries”
your holy places
Quote: אֶת־ מִקְדְּשֵׁיכֶ֑ם (1)These holy places were places where people worshiped idols instead of God.
And I will not smell your sweet aromas
Quote: וְלֹ֣א אָרִ֔יחַ בְּרֵ֖יחַ נִיחֹֽחֲכֶֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Normally the Lord’s pleasure with the aroma represents his pleasure with those who burn the offering. But in this case, people would burn offerings, but God would not be pleased with them. Alternate translation: “You will burn offerings, but I will not be pleased with you”
Leviticus 26:33
and I will unsheathe a sword behind you
Quote: וַהֲרִיקֹתִ֥י אַחֲרֵיכֶ֖ם חָ֑רֶב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
To * unsheathe a sword* represents sending armies to chase them. Alternate translation: “and I will send enemy armies to chase you” or “and I will send enemy armies to attack you with their swords”
Leviticus 26:34
Then the land will enjoy its sabbaths
Quote: אָז֩ תִּרְצֶ֨ה הָאָ֜רֶץ אֶת־ שַׁבְּתֹתֶ֗יהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification
The people were supposed to obey the sabbath law by not farming the land every seventh year. God speaks about this as if the land were a person that would obey the sabbath law and rest. Alternate translation: “Then the land will rest according to the sabbath law” or “Then, as required by the sabbath law, the land will not be farmed”
Leviticus 26:35
it will rest
Quote: תִּשְׁבֹּ֑ת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification
God speaks about the land not being farmed as if it were a person that would rest. Alternate translation: “it will not be farmed”
Leviticus 26:36
I will bring despair into their hearts
Quote: וְהֵבֵ֤אתִי מֹ֨רֶךְ֙ בִּלְבָבָ֔ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
To bring despair into their hearts represents making them afraid. Alternate translation: “I will make you terribly afraid”
as one fleeing from a sword
Quote: מְנֻֽסַת־ חֶ֛רֶב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
The sword represents either someone who is ready to kill using a sword or an attack from an enemy army. Alternate translation: “as though you were fleeing from someone who was chasing you with a sword” or “as though you were fleeing from an enemy army”
Leviticus 26:37
as from the face of a sword
Quote: כְּמִפְּנֵי־ חֶ֖רֶב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
The sword represents either someone who is ready to kill using a sword or an attack from an enemy army. Alternate translation: “as though you were running away from someone who was chasing you with a sword” or “as though you were running away from an enemy army”
power to stand to the face of those who are hostile to you
Quote: תְּקוּמָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י אֹֽיְבֵיכֶֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Standing before the enemies represents not falling when the enemies attack and fighting against them. Alternate translation: “power to resist your enemies when they attack you” or “power to fight back against your enemies”
Leviticus 26:38
and the land of those who are hostile to you will devour you
Quote: וְאָכְלָ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֶ֖רֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification
Yahweh speaks about the enemies’ land as if it were a wild animal that would eat the Israelites. The word devour emphasizes that most of the Israelites will die there. Alternate translation: “and you will die in your enemies’ land”
Leviticus 26:39
And the ones who are remaining among you
Quote: וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים בָּכֶ֗ם (1)Alternate translation: “And those of you who do not die”
will rot in their iniquity
Quote: יִמַּ֨קּוּ֙ בַּֽעֲוֺנָ֔ם (1)To rot in their * iniquity** represents wasting away because of their sins.
in the iniquities of their fathers
Quote: בַּעֲוֺנֹ֥ת אֲבֹתָ֖ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here, their fathers represents their ancestors.
Leviticus 26:40
the iniquity of their fathers
Quote: עֲוֺ֣ן אֲבֹתָ֔ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here, their fathers represents their ancestors.
in their unfaithfulness which they acted unfaithfully against me
Quote: בְּמַעֲלָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָֽעֲלוּ־ בִ֑י (1)Alternate translation: “the way that they were unfaithful to me and tuned against me after I had been so good to them”
Leviticus 26:41
went against them in opposition
Quote: אֵלֵ֤ךְ עִמָּם֙ בְּקֶ֔רִי (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
To go against them represents opposing them. Alternate translation: “opposed them”
if then their uncircumcised hearts become humbled
Quote: אוֹ־ אָ֣ז יִכָּנַ֗ע לְבָבָם֙ הֶֽעָרֵ֔ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche
Here the term uncircumcised hearts refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “if they will be humble instead of stubbornly disobedient”
Leviticus 26:42
then I will remember my covenant with Jacob
Quote: וְזָכַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־ בְּרִיתִ֣י יַעֲק֑וֹב (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here, remember represents fulfilling his covenant. Alternate translation: “then I will fulfill the covenant I made with Jacob”
And I will remember the land
Quote: וְהָאָ֥רֶץ אֶזְכֹּֽר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here, remember represents fulfilling his promise concerning the land. Alternate translation: “And I will fulfill my promise about the land”
Leviticus 26:43
And the land was abandoned by them
Quote: וְהָאָרֶץ֩ תֵּעָזֵ֨ב מֵהֶ֜ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel will abandon their land”
and it will rejoice with its sabbaths
Quote: וְתִ֣רֶץ אֶת־ שַׁבְּתֹתֶ֗יהָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification
Yahweh speaks about the land as if it were a person who will rejoice about resting, because no one will be planting seed or growing crops on it. This will allow the land to become more fertile. Alternate translation: “so it will benefit from the sabbaths”
Leviticus 26:45
And I will remember for their sake the covenant with their ancestors
Quote: וְזָכַרְתִּ֥י לָהֶ֖ם בְּרִ֣ית רִאשֹׁנִ֑ים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here, remember represents fulfilling his covenant. Alternate translation: “And I will fulfill my covenant with their ancestors”
in the eyes of the nations
Quote: לְעֵינֵ֣י הַגּוֹיִ֗ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here , eyes represents the knowledge of the nations. Alternate translation: “in the knowledge of the nations” or “and the nations knew about it”
the nations
Quote: הַגּוֹיִ֗ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here, nations represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations”
Leviticus 27
Leviticus 27 General Notes
Special concepts in this chapter
Dedicated to Yahweh
This chapter records the manner in which people make vows of dedication to Yahweh. There are many reasons why a person would dedicate something to Yahweh. (See: обітниця, обіцяти)
Leviticus 27:2
If a man vows a vow according to your valuation of persons to Yahweh
Quote: אִ֕ישׁ כִּ֥י יַפְלִ֖א נֶ֑דֶר בְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥ נְפָשֹׁ֖ת לַֽיהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
In this case the vow would involve giving oneself or another person to God. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “If anyone vows to give someone to Yahweh”
according to your valuation of persons
Quote: בְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥ נְפָשֹׁ֖ת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Instead of giving the person, he would give the Lord a certain amount of silver. Alternate translation: “according to the following values for the person” or “according to the following amounts of silver instead of the person”
Leviticus 27:3
your valuation … your valuation
Quote: עֶרְכְּךָ֙ & עֶרְכְּךָ֗ (1)Alternate translation: “the amount … the amount”
50 shekels of silver
Quote: חֲמִשִּׁ֛ים שֶׁ֥קֶל כֶּ֖סֶף (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight
If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “50 pieces of silver, each of which weighs ten grams” or “500 grams of silver”
according to the shekel of the holy place
Quote: בְּשֶׁ֥קֶל הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight
There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. It weighed about 11 grams. Alternate translation: “the kind of shekel that is used in the sanctuary” or “the weight that is used in the sanctuary”
Leviticus 27:4
30 shekels
Quote: שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים שָֽׁקֶל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight
If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “30 pieces of silver, each of which weighs ten grams” or “300 grams of silver”
Leviticus 27:5
your valuation
Quote: עֶרְכְּךָ֛ (1)Alternate translation: “the amount you must pay”
20 shekels
Quote: עֶשְׂרִ֣ים שְׁקָלִ֑ים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight
If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “20 pieces of silver” or “200 grams of silver”
and for the female ten shekels
Quote: וְלַנְּקֵבָ֖ה עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת שְׁקָלִֽים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis
The phrases “of that age” and “your standard value must be” are left out, but are meant to be understood. Alternate translation: “for the female of that age your standard value must be ten shekels”
ten shekels
Quote: עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת שְׁקָלִֽים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight
If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “ten pieces of silver” or “100 grams of silver”
Leviticus 27:6
five shekels of silver
Quote: חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה שְׁקָלִ֖ים כָּ֑סֶף (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight
If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “five pieces of silver” or “50 grams of silver”
three shekels of silver
Quote: שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת שְׁקָלִ֖ים כָּֽסֶף (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight
If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “three pieces of silver” or “30 grams of silver”
Leviticus 27:7
60 years and up
Quote: שִׁשִּׁ֨ים שָׁנָ֤ה וָמַ֨עְלָה֙ (1)Alternate translation: “60 years old and older”
15 shekels
Quote: חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר שָׁ֑קֶל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight
If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “15 pieces of silver” or “150 grams of silver”
and for the female ten shekels
Quote: וְלַנְּקֵבָ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֥ה שְׁקָלִֽים (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis
The phrases “of that age” and “your standard value must be” are left out, but are meant to be understood. Alternate translation: “for a female of that age your standard value must be ten shekels”
Leviticus 27:10
then it will be and the exchanged one will be set apart
Quote: וְהָֽיָה־ ה֥וּא וּתְמוּרָת֖וֹ יִֽהְיֶה־ קֹּֽדֶשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will set apart both it and the one he exchanges it for”
Leviticus 27:11
And if any animal is unclean from which an offering must not be offered to Yahweh
Quote: וְאִם֙ כָּל־ בְּהֵמָ֣ה טְמֵאָ֔ה אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹא־ יַקְרִ֧יבוּ מִמֶּ֛נָּה קָרְבָּ֖ן לַֽיהוָ֑ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
If Yahweh will not accept a certain animal as an offering, the animal is spoken of as if it were physically dirty. It may be unclean because it is a certain kind of animal or because it has a defect. Alternate translation: “And if it is in fact one that Yahweh will not accept”
Leviticus 27:12
According to the valuation of you
Quote: כְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥ (1)This refers to the value the animal is normally worth when someone buys or sells it.
Leviticus 27:13
he ever redeems it
Quote: גָּאֹ֖ל יִגְאָלֶ֑נָּה (1)Alternate translation: “he every buys it back”
Leviticus 27:15
then he must add a fifth of the silver of your valuation to it
Quote: וְ֠יָסַף חֲמִישִׁ֧ית כֶּֽסֶף־ עֶרְכְּךָ֛ עָלָ֖יו (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction
A fifth is a part of something that is divided into five equal parts. Alternate translation: “then he must divide the value of the house into five equal parts, add the amount equal to one of those parts, and pay all of it”
Leviticus 27:16
then your valuation will be in proportion to its seed—a homer of barley seed for 50 shekels of silver
Quote: וְהָיָ֥ה עֶרְכְּךָ֖ לְפִ֣י זַרְע֑וֹ זֶ֚רַע חֹ֣מֶר שְׂעֹרִ֔ים בַּחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים שֶׁ֥קֶל כָּֽסֶף (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here, a homer of barley seed represents a piece of land that would need one homer of barley in order to plant on all of it. Alternate translation: “then you will value a piece of land that requires one homer of barley in order to plant all of it at 50 shekels of silver” or ‘then the value of land that requires one homer of barley will be 50 shekels”
a homer of
Quote: חֹ֣מֶר (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume
A homer is 220 liters.
for 50 shekels of silver
Quote: בַּחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים שֶׁ֥קֶל כָּֽסֶף (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight
If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two way of doing it. Alternate translation: “50 pieces of silver, each of which weighs ten grams” or “500 grams of silver”
Leviticus 27:17
during the Year of Jubilee
Quote: מִשְּׁנַ֥ת הַיֹּבֵ֖ל (1)The Jubilee occurs every 50 years. See how you translated Jubilee in Leviticus 25:10.
according to your valuation it will stand
Quote: כְּעֶרְכְּךָ֖ יָקֽוּם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Here, stand represents “remain” or “remain the same.” Alternate translation: “its value will remain the same” or “its value will be the full amount”
Leviticus 27:18
and it must be reduced from your valuation
Quote: וְנִגְרַ֖ע מֵֽעֶרְכֶּֽךָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he must reduce the estimated value”
Leviticus 27:20
And if he does not redeem the field
Quote: וְאִם־ לֹ֤א יִגְאַל֙ אֶת־ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The time for redeeming the field can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “And if he does not redeem the field before the year of Jubilee”
it cannot be redeemed again
Quote: לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל עֽוֹד (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he can no longer buy it back”
Leviticus 27:21
in the Jubilee
Quote: בַיֹּבֵ֗ל (1)The Jubilee was a year when the Jews had to return land to its original owners and set slaves free. See how you translated it in Leviticus 25:13. Alternate translation: “in the year of restoration” or “the year for you to return land and free slaves”
that has been dedicated by ban
Quote: הַחֵ֑רֶם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that someone has completely given to Yahweh”
Leviticus 27:24
to whom he bought it from, to whom belongs the posession of the land
Quote: לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר קָנָ֖הוּ מֵאִתּ֑וֹ לַאֲשֶׁר־ ל֖וֹ אֲחֻזַּ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ (1)These two phases refer to the same person. Normally the land would be bought from its owner.
Leviticus 27:25
by the shekel of the holy place
Quote: בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight
There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent.
20 gerahs must be the shekel
Quote: עֶשְׂרִ֥ים גֵּרָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֥ה הַשָּֽׁקֶל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight
The purpose of this sentence is to tell how much the sanctuary shekel weighs. The gerah was the smallest unit of weight that the Israelites used. Alternate translation: “one shekel must equal 20 gerahs”
20 gerahs must be the shekel
Quote: עֶשְׂרִ֥ים גֵּרָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֥ה הַשָּֽׁקֶל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight
If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here is a way to do it. Alternate translation: “one shekel must weigh ten grams”
Leviticus 27:26
a man must not set it apart
Quote: לֹֽא־ יַקְדִּ֥ישׁ אִ֖ישׁ אֹת֑וֹ (1)Alternate translation: “no one may set it apart to Yahweh”
Leviticus 27:27
And if it is not redeemed
Quote: וְאִם־ לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if the person does not buy back the animal”
then it will be sold at your valuation
Quote: וְנִמְכַּ֥ר בְּעֶרְכֶּֽךָ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then the priest must sell it at the set value”
Leviticus 27:28
any dedicated thing that a man dedicates to Yahweh, from all that belongs to him, from human or animal, or from the field of his property, must not be sold and must not be redeemed
Quote: כָּל־ חֵ֡רֶם אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַחֲרִם֩ אִ֨ישׁ לַֽיהוָ֜ה מִכָּל־ אֲשֶׁר־ ל֗וֹ מֵאָדָ֤ם וּבְהֵמָה֙ וּמִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֲחֻזָּת֔וֹ לֹ֥א יִמָּכֵ֖ר וְלֹ֣א יִגָּאֵ֑ל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one may sell or redeem anything a man has devoted to Yahweh, from all that he has, whether it is a human, an animal, or his family land” or “if a man devotes to Yahweh anything he has, whether human or animal, or his family land, no one may sell or redeem it”
Every dedicated thing, it is the holiest holy thing to Yahweh
Quote: כָּל־ חֵ֕רֶם קֹֽדֶשׁ־ קָֽדָשִׁ֥ים ה֖וּא לַיהוָֽה (1)Alternate translation: “Everything that anyone devotes to Yahweh is very holy to Yahweh”
Leviticus 27:29
Every dedicated one who is dedicated
Quote: כָּל־ חֵ֗רֶם אֲשֶׁ֧ר יָחֳרַ֛ם (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Why a person would be dedicated to destruction can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Any person whom Yahweh has determined should die because of his sin”
must not be ransomed
Quote: לֹ֣א יִפָּדֶ֑ה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “no one may pay a ransom for it”
He must surely be put to death
Quote: מ֖וֹת יוּמָֽת (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must surely execute him”
Leviticus 27:31
And if a man ever redeems some of his tenth
Quote: וְאִם־ גָּאֹ֥ל יִגְאַ֛ל אִ֖ישׁ מִמַּֽעַשְׂר֑וֹ (1)Alternate translation: “And if a man wants to buy back any of his tithe”
Leviticus 27:32
anything that passes under the rod
Quote: כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־ יַעֲבֹ֖ר תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑בֶט (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
This refers to the way they would count their animals. Alternate translation: “any animals you count by raising your shepherd rod and having them walk under it to the other side” or “any animals you count”
the tenth must be set apart to Yahweh
Quote: הָֽעֲשִׂירִ֕י יִֽהְיֶה־ קֹּ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָֽה (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must set apart one-tenth to Yahweh”
the tenth
Quote: הָֽעֲשִׂירִ֕י (1)Alternate translation: “every tenth animal”
Leviticus 27:33
then it will be and its substitute will be set apart
Quote: וְהָֽיָה־ ה֧וּא וּתְמוּרָת֛וֹ יִֽהְיֶה־ קֹ֖דֶשׁ (1)Alternate translation: “then you will set apart both animals”
It must not be redeemed
Quote: לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵֽל (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He cannot redeem it” or “He cannot buy it back”
Leviticus 27:34
These are the commandments
Quote: אֵ֣לֶּה הַמִּצְוֺ֗ת (1)This is a summary statement. It refers to the commandments that were given in the past chapters.