Job

Job front

Job front:intro

Introduction to Job

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of Job

Job is introduced: position in life, his family, and his situation (1–2:13)
- Job's flawless life is presented (1:1–5, 20–22; 2:10)
- Satan seeks to test Job (1:6–12; 2:1–10)
The first set of speeches (3:1–14:22)
- Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar
- Job replies to each
The second set of speeches (15:1–21:34)
- Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar
- Job replies to each
The third set of speeches (22:1–31:40)
- Eliphaz and Bildad
- Job replies to each
Elihu speaks to Job (32:1–37:24)
- He calls on Job to take responsibility for his actions (32:1–33:33)
- He summarizes Job's complaints (34:1–9)
- He answers Job's first and second complaints (34:10–35:16)
- Elihu describes God's glorious deeds (36:1–37:24)
The Lord answers Job out of the whirlwind (38:1–41:34)
Job is humbled before God (42:1–6)
God rebukes Job's friends (except Elihu) (42:7–9)
God brings back prosperity to Job (42:10–17)

What is the Book of Job about?

This book describes a situation where Job experiences disaster even though he was faithful to Yahweh. The book asks why God permits those who worship him to experience trials and losses. The book explains that when this happens, it is more important to trust God and to find peace in him than it is to understand the reason for the suffering.

How should the title of this book be translated?

The Book of Job is named for Job, the main character in the book. His name is not related to the English word "job." Translators might choose to make the title clearer, for example, "The Book About Job."

Who wrote the Book of Job?

The author of the Book of Job is not known. Many suggest that Moses composed or compiled the book, but this is uncertain.

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

Does sin cause suffering?

When a person sins against God, it can cause the person to experience suffering. It was generally believed in the Ancient Near East that a person suffered because a person or his ancestors sinned against God. This is, in fact, what many religions teach. However, the Book of Job shows that a person may suffer even if he has not sinned. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]])

Were Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar really Job's friends?

Job 2:11 refers to Elipahz, Bildad, and Zophar as Job's friends. But they did not comfort Job. Instead, they tried to persuade Job to say something about God that he believed was false. So we might wonder if it is right to translate the word as "friends." The problem was not that they did not care about Job. They believed that they were his friends and they wanted to help him. However, what they said was not any help to Job because they did not understand the truth about God.

When did the events presented in the Book of Job take place?

The story about Job is set in the time period of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the Book of Genesis. Very little is known for certain about the religious or cultural situation of the author when he wrote the book of Job.

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

What style of writing is in the Book of Job?

The introduction and the conclusion of the Book of Job are narrative for the most part. The other chapters were written as poetry. In the Ancient Near East, writers often used poetry to discuss matters of wisdom.

Is the Book of Job difficult to translate?

Because Job is not connected with a specific historical situation, the translator may wish to translate this book before other Old Testament books. On the other hand, the book of Job has many unique words and phrases, which make parts difficult to understand. The translator should be aware that this causes the book to be hard to translate. For this reason, translators may decide not to attempt to translate this book until they have gained much experience translating other portions of the Bible.

Job 1

Job 1:intro-0

Job 01 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter introduces a story about a man named Job who lives during a time long before the author.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Wealth

Job is very rich. During his time, a man's wealth is measured by the number of animals he owns. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

# Feasts

Job is a very godly man and celebrates Yahweh's provision by having feasts. It must be remembered that Job lives prior to the law of Moses, so his religious practices are different than the Hebrew people after Moses. The events of this book occur about the same time as the life of Abraham. Therefore, this book corresponds more with Genesis 12-50 than the rest of the Old Testament. (See:[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/godly.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/lawofmoses.md]])

# Job's faith

Satan believes that Job's faith is based on Yahweh's blessings. He challenges Yahweh to remove these blessings from Job's life because he thinks that Job will no longer trust in Yahweh if this happens. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/faith.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/bless.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/trust.md]])

Job 1:1-3

land of Uz

Possible locations are 1) a place in ancient Edom east of the Jordan River in modern western Jordan or 2) a place east of the Euphrates River in modern Iran. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

blameless and upright

The words "blameless" and "upright" share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. AT: "one who did what was right before God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

one who feared God

"one who honored God"

turned from evil

Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place that a person could avoid going to, instead of the doing of evil actions. AT: "refused to do evil" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

greatest

"the richest"

all the people of the East

The refers to places that were east of Canaan. AT: "all the people who live in lands that were east of Canaan" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 1:4-5

On each son's assigned day, he would give

The word "day" perhaps refers to the day when they celebrated the son's birth. But it at least refers to the idea that the sons each took a turn in holding a feast. AT: "On each son's birthday, the son would give" or "Each son in turn would give"

he would give ... They would send and call for ... Job would send ... he would consecrate ... He would rise early in the morning and offer ... he would say

"he habitually gave ... They habitually sent and called for ... Job habitually sent ... he habitually consecrated ... He habitually rose early in the morning and offered ... he habitually said"

with them

The word "them" refers to the seven sons and the three daughters but does not include Job.

When the days of the feast were over

"When the feast was over" or "After the feast"

Job would send for them

"Job habitually sent someone to call them to come to him"

he would consecrate them

Here "consecrate" means to ask God to take away any ritual impurities that Job's children might have brought upon themselves as they happily feasted together. Job did this by making sacrifices to God for them.

cursed God in their hearts

Their "hearts" represent their thoughts. Often such thoughts could come unintentionally, without the person wanting to think them. AT: "cursed God in their thoughts" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 1:6-8

Then it was the day when

"At the time when" or "One day when." This is not a specific day but apparently the gathering happened often.

sons of God

This refers to angels, heavenly beings.

to present themselves before Yahweh

"to stand together before Yahweh as he commanded them to do."

Yahweh

This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.

From wandering on the earth, from going back and forth on it

The phrases "wandering" and "going back and forth" refer to the activity of traveling all over the earth in order to emphasize its completeness. AT: "From going everywhere on the earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

Have you considered my servant Job?

"Have you thought about my servant Job?" Here God is beginning to talk with Satan about Job. AT: "Consider my servant Job" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

a blameless and upright man

The words "blameless" and "upright" share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. See how you translated this in Job 1:1. AT: "one who did what was right before God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

one who fears God

"one who honors God." See how you translated this in Job 1:1.

translationWords

Job 1:9-12

Does Job fear God without reason?

"Does Job respect God for no reason?" Satan responds to God by presenting and answering his own question. He says that Job obeys God only because God blesses him. AT: "Job has a reason for obeying God." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Have you not put a barrier around him, around his house, and around all that is his from every side

Satan states the facts to support his argument. AT: "You have protected him, his family and everything he owns" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

put a barrier around him, around his house, and around all that is his from every side

Just as a barrier such as a wall or a hedge surrounds and protects one's land, God has surrounded Job with his protection. AT: "protected him and his house and all that is his" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the deeds of his hands

"everything that he does"

his cattle have burst forth in the land

"he has more and more livestock in the land"

But now stretch out your hand and touch all that he has, and see if he does not curse you to your face

Satan means that if God attacks Job, he will see how Job responds. AT: "But now, if you stretch out your hand and touch all that he has, you will see that he will curse you to your face"

But now stretch out your hand

Here "hand" refers to God's power to act. "But now use your power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

touch all that he has

Here "touch" represents the action of harming or destroying. AT: "attack all that he has" or "destroy all that he has" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

to your face

"in your hearing." This refers to a time when God is paying attention.

Behold

"Look" or "Pay attention to all that I am about to tell you"

all that he has is in your hand

Here "hand" represents someone's power to control something. AT: "you have power over all that he has" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

against him himself

"against his life"

went away from the presence of Yahweh

"departed from Yahweh" or "left Yahweh"

translationWords

Job 1:13-15

the Sabeans

This refers to a people in a region in modern day Yemen. Here it represents a group of raiders or bandits. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

fell on them

Here "fell" represents the idea of attacking. AT: "attacked them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

have struck

Here striking represents killing. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the edge of the sword

Here "edge" represents the part of swords that kill people, that is, either the point or the sharp edge. Also, all the swords of the Sabeans are spoken of as if they were only one sword. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 1:16-17

Job 2:1-2

General Information:

These verses are exactly the same as Job 1:6-7 and can probably be translated in the same way.

Then it was the day

See how you translated this in Job 1:6.

the day when

This is not a specific day. The gathering happened often. AT: "at the time when" or "one day when"

sons of God

See how you translated this in Job 1:6.

present themselves before Yahweh

See how you translated this in Job 1:6.

From wandering on the earth, from going back and forth on it

See how you translated this in Job 1:7.

translationWords

Job 2:3

General Information:

This verse is the same as Job 1:8, except for the addition of "He still holds fast to his integrity, although you misled me against him, to destroy him without cause."

Have you considered my servant Job?

This rhetorical question actually makes a statement.See how you translated this in Job 1:8. AT: "Consider my servant Job." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

a blameless and upright man

The words "blameless" and "upright" share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. See how you translated a similar phrase in Job 1:1. AT: "one who did what was right before God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

one who fears God and turns away from evil

See how you translated this in Job 1:1.

still holds fast to his integrity

"remains completely dedicated to doing what is good and right"

misled me against him

"persuaded me without cause to attack him"

to destroy him

Here "destroy" represents "make poor." AT: "to make him a poor man"

translationWords

Job 2:4-6

Skin for skin, indeed

"Skin" here is a metonym for Job's life. AT: "A person will do anything to save his own life, even accept the loss of possessions and loved ones" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

But stretch out your hand now and touch his bones and his flesh, and see if he does not curse you to your face

Satan means that if God attacks Job, he will see how Job responds. AT: "But now, if you stretch out your hand and touch his bones and his flesh, you will see that he will curse you to your face"

stretch out your hand

Here "hand" refers to God's power to act. "But now use your power." See how you translated this in Job 01:11. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

touch

Here "touch" represents the action of harming. AT: "attack" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

his bones and his flesh

This expression represents Job's body. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

curse you to your face

See how you translated this in Job 01:11.

to your face

This refers to a time when God is paying attention. AT: "in your hearing" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 2:7-8

Then Satan went away from the presence of Yahweh

See how you translated this in Job 1:12.

struck

"attacked" or "afflicted with"

painful boils

large, itching and painful skin infections

a piece of broken pottery to scrape himself

The scraping scratches the skin to lessen the itch.

sat down in the middle of ashes

This probably refers to a place where trash and garbage were dumped and perhaps burned. Sitting in such a place was a sign of deep mourning. AT: "sat on the trash heap" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 2:9-10

Do you still hold fast to your integrity?

This rhetorical question represents a statement. AT: "You should not still be holding fast to your integrity." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Curse God

"Reject God"

You talk as a foolish woman

"You talk the way a stupid woman talks"

Should we receive the good from God and not receive the bad?

This rhetorical question represents a statement. AT: "We should certainly receive the bad from God as well as the good." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

receive the good

"benefit from all the good things"

the good

This represents all the good things that God gives us. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

receive the bad

"suffer all the bad things without complaining"

the bad

This represents all the bad things that God makes or allows us to experience. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

sin with his lips

Here "lips" represents the act of speaking. AT: "sin by speaking against God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 2:11

Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite

Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar are men's names. Teman was a city in Edom. Shuhites are the decedents of Abraham and Keturah. Naamah was a city in Canaan. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

set a time

"agreed on a time"

to mourn with him and to comfort him

Here the words "mourn with" and "comfort" share similar meanings. The friends try to comfort Job by mourning with him. AT: "to grieve with Job in order to help ease his suffering" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 2:12-13

they lifted up their eyes

This is an idiom that means "they looked intently" or "they looked carefully." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

they did not recognize him

This probably means that Job's visitors did not recognize him at first, when they saw him at a distance. Job looked very different than usual because of his grief and because of the sores covering his body. AT: "they barely recognized him"

They raised their voices and wept

Here "raised their voices" is an idiom that means they became loud. AT: "They wept out loud" or "They wept loudly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

tore his robe

This was a sign of mourning. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

threw dust into the air and upon his own head

These were signs of mourning. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 3

Job 3:intro-0

Job 03 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Rhetorical questions

Job uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to show Job's earnest desire. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Job 3:1-3

opened his mouth

This idiom means he began to speak. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

May the day on which I was born perish, the night

Job speaks of that day and night as if they were people. AT: "I wish that I had never been born" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

the night that said, 'A boy has been conceived.'

This expression intensifies the statement of Job's grief by going even further back in time from his birth to his conception. AT: "the night that said, 'A boy has been conceived' perish." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

the night that said

Here the night is spoken of as if it were a person who could speak. The translator may choose, however, to translate it in a less metaphorical way. AT: "the night about which people said" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

A boy has been conceived

This may be put into active form. AT: "his mother has conceived a male child"

translationWords

Job 3:4-5

General Information:

The expressions in these verses are all wishes that the day of Job's birth would no longer exist. This may imply that the day, although in the past, still existed somehow. The UDB translates them as expressions of sadness about what that day was like.

May that day be dark ... neither may the sun shine on it

These two clauses describe the darkness of the day of Job's birth, thus repeating Job's regret that he had been born. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

May that day be dark

This is a wish for that day to not exist any longer. AT: "may that day disappear" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

May darkness and the shadow of death claim it for their own

Here darkness and the shadow of death are spoken of as if they were people who could claim something as their own possession. The word "it" refers to the day of Job's birth. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

the shadow of death

Here a shadow represents death itself. AT: "death like a shadow" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

May a cloud live over it

Here a cloud is spoken of as if it were a person who could live over the day of Job's birth. AT: "May a cloud cover it so no one can see it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

everything that makes the day black

This refers to things that block out the sun's light and create darkness. Here "black" represents darkness. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

terrify it

"terrify that day." The day is spoken of as if it were a person who could be terrified by the darkness. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 3:6-7

may thick darkness seize it

This darkness is again spoken of as if it were a person who could grasp and hold the night. AT: "may thick darkness make it disappear" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

thick darkness

"deep darkness" or "complete darkness"

May it not rejoice

The word "it" refers to the night of Job's birth or conception. The night of Job's conception is spoken of as if it were a person who should not rejoice. AT: "May that night vanish from the calendar" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

may it not come into the number

That night is spoken of as if it were a person who could walk. AT: "may no one count it in the number" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

may that night be barren

The night of Job's birth is spoken of as if it were a woman. AT: "may no child be born on that night" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

may no joyful voice come into it

Here that the night of Job's birth is spoken of as if it were a time when it was still possible for someone to be happy. AT: "may no one hear the happy cry at the birth of a son" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

joyful voice come

Here the voice stands for a person who is happy. AT: "may no one be happy in it ever again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 3:8-10

those who know how to wake up Leviathan

Job is probably referring here to sorcerers and magicians, who he believes might be able to even provoke Leviathan in spreading chaos. Leviathan was an animal well known in Ancient Near Eastern mythology, which was thought to be responsible for all kinds of destruction, disorder, and chaos.

May the stars of that day's dawn be dark

This refers to the planets that are often visible just before dawn. AT: "May the stars that appear before that day's first light be dark"

May that day look for light, but find none

The day of Job's birth is spoken of as if it were a person looking for something. AT: "May that day hope for light, but have none" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

neither may it see the eyelids of the dawn

The dawn is spoken of as if it had eyelids as a person has. AT: "nor see the first light of the dawn" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

because it did not shut up the doors of my mother's womb

A woman's womb is spoken of as if it were a container with doors. AT: "because that day did not close my mother's womb" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

because it did not hide trouble from my eyes

The day of Job's birth is spoken of here as if it were a person who could hide something. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

from my eyes

Here "eyes" represents the person who sees with them. AT: "from me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 3:11-12

General Information:

This passage contains four rhetorical questions, which Job asks in order to really make a series of statements.

Why did I not die when I came out from the womb?

"Why did I not die at birth?" Job poses this question in order to curse the day of his birth and to express his anguish. AT: "I wish I had died the day I was born" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Why did I not give up my spirit when my mother bore me?

Job means to say that he should not have been born alive. AT: "I wish I had died when I came out of the womb." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

give up my spirit

This refers to dying. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Why did her knees welcome me?

This perhaps refers to the lap of Job's mother. His mother's knees are spoken of as if they were people who could welcome a newborn baby. AT: "I wish there had been no lap to receive me." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Why did her breasts receive me so that I should suck?

Job's mother's breasts are spoken of as if they also were people who could welcome a newborn baby. AT: "I wish there had been no breasts for me to nurse." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 3:13-14

For now I would have been lying down quietly. I would have slept and been at rest

Job uses two sentences to think about what it would be like if he had never been born or had died at birth. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

I would have been lying down quietly

Job imagines something that could have happened in the past but which did not happen, as noted above. AT: "I should have been lying down quietly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

lying down quietly

"asleep, resting peacefully"

been at rest

Here the word "rest" means to sleep peacefully, but also that Job would not be experiencing the pain that he does. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

with kings and counselors of the earth

"with kings and their advisers"

translationWords

Job 3:15-16

General Information:

Job continues his thoughts about dying before he was born.

Or I would have been lying ... that never see the light

This describes something that might have happened but did not happen. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

I would have been lying with princes

"I would be resting with princes." In this phrase, the words "lying" and "resting" are a polite way of saying "no longer alive." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

who once had gold, who had filled their houses with silver

Job uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Or perhaps I would have been stillborn, like infants that never see the light

Job uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

I would have been stillborn

"I would have died in my mother's womb"

like infants that never see the light

"like babies who had never been born"

infants

"babies" or "very small children"

translationWords

Job 3:17-19

General Information:

Job changes his talk from dying to life after death.

There the wicked cease from trouble; there the weary are at rest

Job uses parallelism to emphasize that the lowly will find rest from those causing them hardship. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

There the wicked cease from trouble

Job is talking about the place where people go after they stop living. AT: "In that place, evil people stop causing trouble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the voice of the slave driver

Here "voice" is a metonym for the power that the slave drivers have over the slaves. AT: "They are no longer under the control of the slave drivers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

small and great people

This is a figure of speech which means "all people, both poor people and rich people." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

the servant is free from his master

A servant is no longer obligated to serve his master.

translationWords

Job 3:20-22

Why is light given to him who is in misery? Why is life given to the one who is bitter in soul

Job's two questions mean basically the same thing. He is wondering why those who face hardship continue to live. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Why is light given to him who is in misery?

Here Job is wondering why people must stay alive and suffer. AT: "I do not understand why God gives life to a person who is suffering" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

light

Here light represents life. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Why is life given to the one who is bitter in soul ... hidden treasure?

"why does God give life to a miserable person?" AT: "I do not understand why God gives life to a person who is very unhappy ... hidden treasure" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

to one who longs for death without it coming

Here death is spoken of as if it were an object coming toward someone. AT: "to a person who no longer wants to be alive, but is still alive" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

to one who digs for death more than for hidden treasure

A person hoping to die is spoken of as if he were digging for buried treasure. AT: "to a person who wants to stop living more than he wants to look for hidden riches" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Why is light given to one who rejoices very much and is glad when he finds the grave

Here Job uses a question to make a statement. AT: "I do not understand why God allows a person to keep living when the person would be very happy to be buried in the ground" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

one who rejoices very much and is glad

The phrase "rejoices very much" means basically the same thing as "is glad." Together, the two phrases emphasize the intensity of gladness. AT: "one who is extremely happy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

when he finds the grave

This is a polite way of referring to dying. AT: "when he is dead and can be buried" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

the grave

Here the grave represents death. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 3:23-24

Why is light given to a man whose way is hidden, a man whom God has hedged in?

Job asks this question in order to make a statement. AT: "God should not give life to a man and then take away his future and confine him." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Why is light given to a man

Here light represents life. AT: "Why does God keep a man alive" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

whose way is hidden

Here Job speaks of his future, which he does not know in advance, as if God had hidden it from him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

a man whom God has hedged in

Here being in difficulties and dangers is spoken of as if it were being confined within narrow limits. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

For my sighing happens instead of eating; my groaning is poured out like water

Job expresses his anguish in two ways. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

my sighing happens instead of eating

"Instead of eating, I mourn"

my groaning is poured out like water

Moral qualities and emotions such as grief are often spoken of as if they were water. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 3:25-26

the thing that I feared has come on me; what I was afraid of has come to me

These two phrases mean the same thing. AT: "what I feared most has happened to me" or "my worst fear has come true" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

I am not at ease, I am not quiet, and I have no rest

Job expresses his anguish in three separate phrases. AT: "I am very anxious" or "I am emotionally and physically tormented" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 4

Job 4:intro-0

Job 04 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Eliphaz's advice

Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/curse.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Rhetorical questions

Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to form Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Job 4:1-3

Eliphaz

Eliphaz is a man's name. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Temanite

A Temanite belongs to the tribe of Teman. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

will you be impatient?

Eliphaz asks this question in order to make a statement. AT: "you will surely be impatient." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

will you be impatient?

"will that annoy you?"

But who can stop himself from speaking?

Eliphaz asks this question to say that no one who sees a friend suffering can remain silent. AT: "No one can restrain himself from speaking (to a friend in such a state as you find yourself)" or "I must speak to you, (seeing that you are in a state of grief)." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

See, you have instructed many; you have strengthened weak hands

This verse states a single idea in two different ways. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

you have strengthened weak hands

Here "weak hands" represents people who need help. AT: "you have helped others when they needed help" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Job 4:4-6

General Information:

The writer uses parallelism in each of these verses to make one idea using two different statements to emphasize 1) the support that Job has given others in the past, 2) the effect on him of his present troubles, and 3) his piety before God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

supported

Someone who has been encouraged is spoken of as if he were kept from falling down. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

falling

Here becoming discouraged is spoken of as if it were falling down. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you have made feeble knees firm

Here discouragement is spoken of as if it were a person whose weak knees could not keep him upright. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

But now trouble has come to you

Here trouble is spoken of as if it were an object that could come to a person. AT: "But now you suffer from disasters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you are weary

"you are discouraged"

your fear

"the fact that you honor God"

Is not your fear your confidence, and the integrity of your ways your hope?

Eliphaz asks these questions in order to tell Job that it is because of his sin that he is suffering. AT: "Everyone thinks that you honor God; everyone thinks that you are an honest man. But these things must not be true, because you do not trust God any longer." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

your fear

Eliphaz means Job's fear of God. AT: "your fear of God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

your ways

Here "your ways" represents "your conduct," "how you behave." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 4:7-9

Who has ever perished when innocent?

Eliphaz uses this question to prompt Job to search his life for sin (and God's righteous judgment) as the cause of his loss. AT: "No one has ever perished when innocent." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

when were the upright people ever cut off

This question also means to make a statement, and may be put into active form. AT: "No one has ever cut off an upright person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

cut off

Here being cut off represents being destroyed. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

plow iniquity ... sow trouble ... reap

Here the actions of plowing and sowing represent causing trouble for other people. The action of reaping represents suffering the trouble that one has himself caused. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

By the breath of God they perish; by the blast of his anger they are consumed

The writer explains a single idea using two different statements. This is a form of Hebrew poetry used for emphasis, clarity, teaching, or all three. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

the breath of God

This may represent the action of God giving a command. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the blast of his anger

This expression suggests the heavy breathing that a person sometimes does through his nose when he is very angry. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

breath ... blast

The second builds on the first. They make the same point by using meanings that increase the result. "By the puff of God's mouth they die; the rushing wind of his anger devastates them." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

perish ... are consumed

The second phrase builds on the first. They make the same point. "By the puff of God's breath they die, the rushing wind of his anger devastates them." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

they are consumed

Here being consumed or eaten represents being killed. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 4:10-11

General Information:

The writer uses parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using different statements to emphasize God's destruction of wicked people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

The roaring of the lion, the voice of the fierce lion, the teeth of the young lions—they are broken.

Here a lion's roar, his voice, and his teeth being broken are used as pictures of the wicked being destroyed. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they are broken

This may be put into active form. AT: "something breaks them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

The old lion perishes for lack of victims; the cubs of the lioness are scattered everywhere

Eliphaz uses the picture of an old lion dying of hunger and of a lion's family being scattered as metaphors for the wicked being destroyed.

the cubs of the lioness are scattered

This can be stated in active form. AT: "something scatters the cubs of the lioness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 4:12-13

Now a certain matter was secretly brought to me ... my ear received a whisper about it

These phrases express the same idea in a different way. They convey the idea that Eliphaz heard a message whispered to him. This repetition is a form of Hebrew poetry used frequently for emphasis, teaching, or clarity. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

visions in the night

"dreams"

when deep sleep falls on people

"when people sleep very deeply"

translationWords

Job 4:14-15

General Information:

The writer uses parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using different statements to emphasize Eliphaz's fear. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

fear and trembling came upon me

Here fear and trembling are spoken of as if they were objects that could come to a person. AT: "I began to be afraid and to tremble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the hair of my flesh stood up

This indicates great fear.

the hair of my flesh

"the hair on my body"

translationWords

Job 4:16-17

General Information:

The writer uses parallelism in verse 17, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize a question about the purity of man before God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

A form was before my eyes

"Something was before my eyes," "I saw something"

and I heard

"then I heard"

Can a mortal man be more righteous than God?

Eliphaz poses this question so that Job will consider, "Do I regard myself as more righteous than God?" or "Am I justified before God?" AT: "A mortal man cannot be more righteous than God." or "A mortal man cannot be righteous before God." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Can a man be more pure than his Maker?

This question has the same purpose as the previous question. AT: "A man cannot be more pure than his Maker." or "A man cannot be pure before his Maker." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

his Maker

"his Creator"

translationWords

Job 4:18-19

those who live in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust

This is a figurative way of describing human beings, who were created out of the dust of the earth and whose bodies are like houses, which are made of clay and have dirt foundations. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

who are crushed sooner than a moth

Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) "who God destroys as easily as he crushes a moth" or 2) "whose lives are as short as the life of a moth." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 4:20-21

General Information:

These verses continue the earlier use of parallelism, here emphasizing in different ways the idea that people die suddenly without having achieved wisdom and without concern from others. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Between morning and evening they are destroyed

This refers to the idea of something happening quickly. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they are destroyed

This may also be put into active form. AT: "they die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Are not their tent cords plucked up among them?

This may be put into active form. AT: "Have not their enemies plucked up their tent cords from among them?" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

their tent cords

Here tent cords represent a tent. Sometimes a person's home and family are pictured as his tent, which can also represent all his possessions. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 5

Job 5:intro-0

Job 05 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Eliphaz's advice

Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/curse.md]])

# Sickness and sin

In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person's illness was caused by sin. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While Yahweh may punish people because of their sin, not all sicknesses are caused by sin. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/believe.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Rhetorical questions

Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Job 5:1-3

To which of the holy ones will you turn?

Eliphaz poses this question to make the point that there is no one Job can turn to for help. AT: "Is there a holy one to whom you may turn?" or "There is no holy one to whom you can turn for help." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

holy ones

This refers to supernatural beings of some kind, whether angels or other spirits.

jealousy kills the silly one

"jealousy kills anyone who acts ignorantly and impulsively"

the silly one ... a foolish person

This refers to any silly person and any foolish person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

a foolish person taking root

Here a person is spoken of as if he were a plant, perhaps becoming more foolish over time. AT: "a foolish person becoming grounded in foolishness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

his home

This refers to the person's family and all his property.

translationWords

Job 5:4-5

General Information:

These verses continue the earlier use of parallelism, here emphasizing in different ways the idea that the children of foolish people are never safe. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

His children are far from safety

"His" refers to the foolish person or the foolish people in Job 5:02. AT: "Their children are never safe"

are crushed

Here being crushed represents being oppressed, taken advantage of, at court. This idea may be put into active form. AT: "someone crushes them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

city gate

The city gate, functioning as a court, was the place where disputes were resolved and where judgments were given.

There is no one to rescue them

"There is no one to help the foolish people's children out of their hardship"

they even take it from among the thorns

This perhaps refers to parts of a field where the worst crops grow, because of thorn plants present.

The thirsty pant for their wealth

Here greedy people are spoken of as if they were thirsty, and the wealth of the foolish person is spoken of as if it were something that they could drink. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 5:6-7

For difficulties do not come out from the soil; neither does trouble sprout from the ground

Here difficulties and trouble are spoken of as if they were plants. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

mankind is born for trouble, just as sparks fly upward

It is as natural for people, once they are born, to have trouble as it is for sparks to fly up from a fire. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/trouble.md]]

People who say unjust things are spoken of as if they were the injustice itself, who must stop speaking. AT: "It is as though injustice shut her own mouth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 5:17-19

your seed will be great

Here "seed" represents a person's descendants. AT: "your descendants will be many" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

your offspring will be like the grass on the ground

Here "offspring" are spoken of as if they were as many as blades of grass, and probably as thriving, too. AT: "your descendants will be as many and as alive as the grass that grows" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 5:26-27

You will come to your grave at a full age

"You will die at a very old age"

like a stack of grain sheaves that goes up at its time

"like a stack of grain sheaves that is carried up to the threshing floor"

See, we have examined this matter; it is like this; listen to it, and know it for yourself

The words "we" refers to Job's friends but not to Job. AT: "Look, we have thought about this matter. Listen to what I am saying and know that it is true" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 6

Job 6:intro-0

Job 06 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Job's righteousness

Despite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/curse.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphors

Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

# Rhetorical questions

Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Job 6:1-3

if only my anguish were weighed; if only all my calamity were laid in the balance

Here the writer uses two different statements to convey a single idea, the burden of Job's suffering. This can be stated in active form. AT: "if only I could weigh my anguish and all my calamities in the balance" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

in the balance

"on a scale"

For now it would be heavier than the sand of the seas

Job compares the burden of his suffering to the weight of wet sand; both can crush a person. AT: "For my anguish and calamities would be heavier than the sand on the seashore" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

my words were reckless

"I spoke recklessly" or "I spoke rashly"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/word.md]]

Job 6:4-6

General Information:

The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's intense suffering as the grounds for his complaint. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

For the arrows of the Almighty are in me

This is a metaphor for Job's suffering. He compares his many troubles to arrows that that God has shot his body with. AT: "It is as though the Almighty has shot arrows into my body" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my spirit drinks up the poison

"my spirit drinks up the arrows' poison." This continues the metaphor of the arrows, by implying that they had tips of poison and that Job feels the pain in his spirit. He speaks of feeling this pain as if his spirit drank the poison. AT: "I feel the pain of their poison in my inner being" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the terrors of God have arranged themselves in array against me

Job speaks of the terrible things that have happened to him as if they were soldiers that God had lined up to attack him all at once. AT: "God has caused all the terrible things that could happen to happen to me all at once" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

the terrors of God have arranged themselves in array against me

God causing many things to terrify Job is spoken of as if God's terrors were soldiers lined up to attack Job. AT: "the terrors of God have arranged themselves like soldiers in an army" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Does the wild donkey bray in despair when he has grass? Or does the ox low in hunger when it has fodder?

Job poses these rhetorical questions to emphasize that he has a reason to complain. These question can be written as statements. AT: "Just as the wild donkey does not bray in despair when he has grass and as the ox does not low in hunger when he has fodder, I would not complain if I did not have a reason" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

bray

the sound a donkey makes

low

the sound an ox makes

fodder

animal food

Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg?

Possible meanings are 1) Job is comparing his displeasure for his circumstances to people's dislike for bland food or 2) Job is comparing his displeasure for his friend's advice to people's dislike for bland food. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg?

Job uses these rhetorical questions to emphasize his own displeasure. These questions can be written as a statement. AT: "Tasteless food cannot be eaten without salt, just as there is no taste in the white of an egg." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Can that which has no taste be eaten

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Can you eat that which has no taste" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 6:7-9

General Information:

Job continues to use parallelisms in these verses as he speaks about his sufferings and his desire for death. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

I refuse to touch them

"Them" refers to bad tasting foods.

to crush me once

This means for God to cause him to die. AT: "to crush me and let me die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

that he would let loose his hand and cut me off from this life

The phrases "let loose his hand" is an idiom that means to act quickly. Also, the phrase "cut me off from this life" is a euphemism for killing him. AT: "that he would act quickly and cut short my life" or "that he would act quickly and end my life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 6:10-11

May this still be my consolation

"May this bring me comfort." The word "this" refers to God allowing him to die. AT: "May my death still bring me comfort" or "May my death still comfort me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

even if I exult in pain that does not lessen

"I would leap for joy in unending pain" or "I would endure pain that does not diminish"

exult

"rejoice"

does not lessen

"does not diminish"

that I have not denied the words of the Holy One

"that I have not disowned God." This can be written in positive form. AT: "that I have always obeyed the Holy One"

What is my strength, that I should try to wait? What is my end, that I should prolong my life?

Job poses these questions to emphasize that he has no reason to continue living. These questions have the same meaning. They may be written as statements. AT: "I do not have enough strength to go on living; I have no reason to prolong my life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 6:12-13

General Information:

The writer uses parallel rhetorical questions in each of these verses to emphasize Job's lack of strength to endure suffering. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Is my strength the strength of stones? Or is my flesh made of bronze?

Job describes the weakness of his body by saying that he is not as strong as rocks and bronze to emphasize his lack of strength. These rhetorical questions may be written as statements. AT: "I am not as strong as the rocks. My flesh is not as strong as metal." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Is it not true that I have no help in myself ... me?

Job uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his lack of wisdom and his weakness. This question can be written as a statement. Also, the phrase "no help in myself" is an idiom. AT: "It is true that I have no strength left ... me." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

wisdom has been driven out of me

"my success has been taken from me." This can be stated in active form. AT: "my wisdom is gone" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 6:14-17

To the person who is about to faint, faithfulness should be shown by his friend

This can be stated in active form. AT: "A friend should be faithful to the person who feels he is about to faint" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

who is about to faint

This speaks of a person who feels hopeless and is overwhelmed by his troubles as if he were about to physically faint. AT: "who feels hopeless" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

even to him who forsakes the fear of the Almighty

"even if he stops fearing Almighty God." Possible meanings are 1) the faint person does not fear God or 2) his friend does not fear God.

But my brothers have been as faithful to me as a desert streambed

Job speaks of his friends being unfaithful to him as being like a "wadi" which is a stream that can suddenly dry up. Also, Job refers to his friends ironically here as his "brothers." AT: "But my friends are unfaithful to me. They are like a desert streambed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

as channels of water that pass away to nothing

"like streams of water that dry up." Job continues speaking of his friends being unfaithful as if they were streams that dry up. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

which are darkened because of ice over them ... and because of the snow that hides itself in them

These two phrases have the same meaning. They describe how the streambed is full of ice and snow in the winter. AT: "which look dark in the winter because they are covered with ice and are full of melted snow" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

because of the snow that hides itself in them

This speaks of the snow melting and the water going into the streambed as if the snow were hiding in the streambed. AT: "because the snow melts and goes into them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

When they thaw out, they vanish ... when it is hot, they melt out of their place

These two phrases have the same meaning. They describe how the streambed dries up in the hot season. AT: "When it is hot, the ice melts and the streambeds dry up" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 6:18-20

Connecting Statement:

Job is continuing his description of his friends being as unreliable as streams that dry up. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

The caravans that travel by their way turn aside for water

"The caravans turn aside from the routes to find water" or "The caravans change course looking for water"

The caravans

A caravan is a large group of travelers riding camels across the desert.

barren land

"wasteland" or "empty land"

Tema ... Sheba

These are the names of places. The people of these places used caravans to trade things with people from other lands. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

while companies of Sheba

"while caravans from Sheba"

hoped in them

"hoped for them" or "put their hope in them"

but they were deceived

This can be stated in active form. AT: "but they were disappointed" or "but they were not satisfied" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 6:21-23

General Information:

In these verses, Job poses four questions to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he did not ask for help from any of them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

For now

Job uses this phrase to introduce the main part of what he is saying.

you friends are nothing to me

"you friends have not helped me at all"

are afraid

This means that they see the trouble Job has and are afraid of being in the same situation. AT: "you are afraid that God might do similar things to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Did I say to you, 'Give something to me?' Or, 'Offer me a gift from your wealth?' Or, 'Save me from my adversary's hand?' Or, 'Ransom me from the hand of my oppressors?'

Job uses rhetorical questions to emphasize that he did not ask his friends to give him anything or to help him. AT: "I did ask you to give me money or a gift. Nor did I ask you to save me from my adversary or oppressors." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Save me from my adversary's hand ... Ransom me from the hand of my oppressors

Both of these statements mean the same thing. Also, here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "Save me from my adversary or my oppressors" or "Save me from my adversary" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ransom me

"Rescue me"

translationWords

Job 6:24-25

Teach me ... make me

These verbs "teach" and "make" are second person plural and are spoken to his friends. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

I will hold my peace

This is an idiom. AT: "I will be silent" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

How painful are truthful words! But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me?

The exact meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some Bibles translate "How painful" as "How pleasant." AT: "When a person speaks the truth, it harms no one. But your arguments are not true, so how do they actually rebuke me?"

But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me?

Job is using this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that what they are saying does not apply to him. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Your reasons for rebuking me do not apply to me even though you sternly correct me." or "But your arguments against me are not true, so they do not actually rebuke me!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

your arguments

"your reasons" or "your claims"

translationWords

Job 6:26-27

Do you plan to ignore my words, treating the words of a desperate man like the wind?

Job uses this rhetorical question to scold his friends. He compares his words to the wind to explain that his friends act like his words are empty and useless. AT: "You ignore my words! I am a desperate man, and you treat my words as if they are as useless as the wind." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Do you

"You" is in second person plural form. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

you cast lots for a fatherless child

"you would even gamble to win an orphan"

you cast lots ... haggle over your friend

Here "you" and "your" are in second person plural form. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

haggle over your friend like merchandise

This compares how the man would sell his friend to how a person sells merchandise or wares. AT: "bargain to sell your friend for money" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 6:28-30

Now

This word is used by Job to introduce new information.

please look

The verb "to look" is in second person plural form. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

I would not lie to your face

The word "your" refers to Job's friends. Here his friends are represented by their faces to emphasize that they are looking at him. AT: "I would not lie to you while I am looking at you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Relent, I beg you

"Please be merciful to me" or "Stop speaking like this, I beg you"

let there be no injustice with you

This can be stated in positive form. AT: "treat me fairly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublenegatives/01.md]])

Indeed, relent, for my cause is just

"Indeed, change the way you are treating me, for I am right in this"

Is there evil on my tongue?

"Do I say wicked things?" Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he is not wicked. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "I do not say wicked things." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

on my tongue

Here Job's speech is represented by his "tongue." AT: "in my speech" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Cannot my mouth detect malicious things?

Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he can tell the difference between right and wrong. Here Job refers to himself by his "mouth" to emphasize his speech. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "I know what is right to say and what is wrong to say." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 7

Job 7:intro-0

Job 07 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Eliphaz.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Job's righteousness

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphors

# Rhetorical questions

Job 7:1-3

General Information:

The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize that his personal suffering is part of the universal suffering which all people experience. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Does not man have hard labor on earth?

Job poses this negative question to emphasize his awareness that all people experience hard work. It can be translated as a positive statement. AT: "There is hard labor for every person on earth." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

on earth

This is a generalization that means for the time people are living on the earth. AT: "while he lives on the earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

Are not his days like the days of a hired man?

Job poses this negative question to emphasize his awareness that all people struggle in life. AT: "And their days are like the days of a hired man." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Like a slave ... like a hired man ... so I have been ... given trouble-filled nights

Job compares his misery and trouble to that of the slave and hired man. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

the shadows of evening

"cool shade." The implied information is that the shadows of evening provide coolness and shade from the sun (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

a hired man

"a day laborer." This is a man who worked jobs one day at a time and was paid at the end of every day.

looks for his wages

"waits for his pay"

so I have been made to endure months of misery; I have been given trouble-filled nights

This can be translated in active form. AT: "so I endure months of misery; I get trouble-filled nights" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

months of misery

The abstract noun "misery" can be translated as the adjective "miserable." AT: "miserable months" or "empty months" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 7:4-5

When I lie down

The implied information is that this is when Job would lie down to sleep at night. AT: "When I lie down to sleep" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

I say to myself

Job poses a question to no one else in particular. AT: "I ask" or "I wonder" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rpronouns/01.md]])

When will I get up and when will the night be gone?

Job poses this question to emphasize his intense suffering during the hours he should be sleeping. AT: "I wish I could get up, but night continues." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

tossing to and fro

"turning back and forth." This indicates that Job has moved on his bed all night without any rest.

My flesh is clothed with worms and clods of dust

The worms and clods of dust are pictured as covering Job as if they were clothing. AT: "My flesh is covered with worms and clods of dust" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

My flesh

This represents his whole body. AT: "My body" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

clods of dust

Possible meanings are 1) lumps or crusts of dirt or 2) scabs on the skin.

dissolve and run afresh

"break out again"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/flesh.md]]

Job 7:6-7

General Information:

The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's sense of the shortness of life. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

My days are swifter than a weaver's shuttle

Job compares his lifetime to the quickness of a weaver's shuttle. AT: "My life goes by very quickly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

weaver

a person who makes cloth by crossing threads or yarn

a weaver's shuttle

a moving part that carries thread or yarn back and forth quickly in a loom when making cloth

call to mind

"remember." The phrase "call to mind" does not mean God forgot. Job is asking God to consider or think about the shortness of Job's life.

my life is only a breath

Job compares the shortness of his life to the shortness of a breath. AT: "my life is very short, like taking one breath" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my eye will no more see good

Here "my eye" represents Job's whole person and his ability to see or experience things. AT: "I will never again experience good things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 7:8-10

General Information:

The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's thought that, after death, neither God nor the people he knew will see him again. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

The eye of God, who sees me, will see me no more

Many versions of the Bible translate this as "The eye which sees me will see me no more." The words "of God" were added to this phrase because they are implied by the context. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

The eye of God, who sees me ... God's eyes will be on me

Here God is represented by his "eye" to emphasize what he looks at. AT: "God who watches me ... God will look for me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

As a cloud is consumed and vanishes away, so he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more

Job is describing death as being like the clouds that disappear. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

As a cloud is consumed

This can be expressed in active form. AT: "As a cloud fades" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more

"he who dies will not return"

his place

The words "his place" represent those who live in his place. AT: "the people who live in his place" or "his family" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 7:11-12

I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul

Job conveys a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the reason he will not remain silent. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

I will not restrain my mouth

Here the mouth represents speech. AT: "I will not restrain my speech" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

in the anguish of my spirit

"in the distress of my spirit" or "in the torment of my suffering." The abstract noun "anguish" can be translated using the adverb "distress." AT: "while my spirit is distressed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

in the bitterness of my soul

Here sorrow is spoken of as if it tasted bitter, and "soul" refers to the whole man. AT: "with anger and resentment" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Am I the sea or a sea monster that you place a guard over me?

Job poses this question to express his anger at God. In comparing himself to the sea or a sea monster, Job suggests that God regards him as a hideous creature. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am not the sea or a sea monster that needs a guard to watch it." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 7:13-15

General Information:

The writer continues to use parallelism in the first two verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's intense suffering. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

My bed will comfort me, and my couch will ease my complaint

Here "bed" and "couch" are metonyms for "sleep." In lying down to sleep, Job would hope to be comforted. The metonyms also have human attributes; they have the ability to comfort and ease a person. AT: "My bed, my couch, will be like someone who can comfort me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

My bed ... my couch

These phrases refer to the same thing. AT: "My bed ... my bed"

you scare me

"you" here refers to God

strangling

killing a person by squeezing the throat and stopping the breathing

these bones of mine

Here Job uses the word "bones" to refer to his body. AT: "This body of mine" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 7:16-18

Connecting Statement:

The writer continues to use parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the impact of Job's misery on his sense of self worth. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

I loathe my life

"I despise my life"

to always be alive

"to live forever"

my days are useless

"my days are pointless" or "the days of my life are empty"

What is man that ... every moment?

Job asks this question to emphasize that he wonders why God pays attention to people. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me what man is that ... every moment." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

set your mind on him

Here the mind represents thoughts and attention. To "set your mind on" means to give attention to. AT: "direct your attention to him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

observe him

"carefully examine him"

translationWords

Job 7:19-20

How long will it be ... swallow down my own saliva?

Here Job conveys a single idea using two different rhetorical questions to emphasize his wish that God would stop watching him. AT: "Look away from me! Leave me alone long enough for me to swallow my own saliva!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

saliva

liquid produced in people's mouths that keeps the mouth moist and helps to swallow food

Even if I have sinned ... burden for you?

Job poses these questions to argue against God treating him unfairly. AT: "Even if I have sinned, that would do nothing to you, as you watch over people. Tell me why you have made me your target, so that I am a burden for you." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 7:21

Why do you not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity?

Here Job uses two similar clauses within a rhetorical question to emphasize his point. Possible meanings are: 1) Job is asking why God does not forgive him. AT: "Tell me why you do not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity." or 2) Job is asking God why he cannot just overlook his supposed wrongdoings. AT: "Tell me why you do not just bear with my transgression and iniquity." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

take away

"remove"

now will I lie down in the dust

The phrase "lie down in the dust" is a metonym that represents dying. AT: "now I will die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I will not exist

"I will not be here" or "I will be gone"

translationWords

Job 8

Job 8:intro-0

Job 08 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Bildad.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Bildad's advice

Bildad tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Bildad gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/curse.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Rhetorical questions

Bildad uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Bildad's argument. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Job 8:1-3

Connecting Statement:

In this chapter, Bildad begins to speak about Job's complaints.

General Information:

Verses 2 and 3 each consist of two different questions that have the same meaning. Bildad uses these questions to rebuke Job. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Then Bildad the Shuhite answered

"Bildad" is the name of a man who is a member of the tribe of Shuah. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

How long will the words of your mouth be a mighty wind?

Bildad speaks of Job's words as if they are as empty and insubstantial as the wind. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "The words of your mouth are as insignificant as a mighty wind." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Does God pervert justice? Does the Almighty pervert righteousness?

Here "God" and "the Almighty" both refer to Yahweh. These questions can be translated as statements. AT: "God does not act unjustly; the Almighty does not fail to do what is right." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

pervert

"do what is against" or "do what is contrary to"

It is unclear if verses 11-14 are the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of Job 8:8-10.

General Information:

In verses 14-18, the pronouns "he" and "his" refer to the godless person who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns "they" and "their." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

So also are the paths of all who forget God

Here "the paths" represents a person's future and the events that will happen to them. AT: "The same thing will happen to everyone who forgets God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the hope of the godless will perish

"the things the godless person desires will not happen"

His confidence will break apart ... his trust is as weak as a spider's web

These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the godless person is trusting in something that cannot save him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

his trust is as weak as a spider's web

Here Bildad compares the trust of the godless person to a spider's web; the slightest force will break both. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

He leans on his house, but it will not support him; he takes hold of it, but it does not stand

This statement probably refers to a man relying on his property and wealth for security. If so, then "house" here represents the owner's property and wealth. AT: "He thinks he will be safe because he is wealthy, but he will not be safe" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

it will not support him

This negative statement emphasizes the opposite. It can be stated in positive form. AT: "he will fall down" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

it does not stand

This negative statement emphasizes the opposite. It can be stated in positive form. AT: "it will fall down" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 8:16-18

General Information:

Here pronouns "he" and "his" refer to the godless person who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns "they" and "their." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

Under the sun he is green, and his shoots go out over his entire garden

Here Bildad compares the godless person to a plant that is healthy. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Under the sun he is green

The meaning of the Hebrew text is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) he is healthy during the day or 2) he is watered before the sun rises.

His roots are wrapped about the heaps of stone ... they look for good places among the rocks

These two phrases have similar meaning, but the meaning is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) he appears to be well-rooted in the rocks, taking advantage of every opening or 2) his roots cannot find fertile ground and must try to find nutrients among the rocks. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

if this person is destroyed out of his place

This can be stated in active form. AT: "if someone pulls him out of his place" or "if a gardener tears him out of the garden" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

his place

"the rocky ground" or "the garden"

that place will deny him and say, 'I never saw you.'

The garden is spoken of as if it had human ability to speak. The garden immediately forgets that he existed. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/stone.md]]

Job 8:19-20

this is the "joy" of such a person's behavior

Bildad is speaking with irony to express that there is not any real joy for the godless person. AT: "this is all the joy they will receive from their godless actions" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

other plants will sprout out of the same soil in his place

Bildad continues the metaphor from Job 08:16-18. Other godless people are spoken of as plants who take the place of the first godless man when he dies. AT: "when one wicked man dies, another will take his place" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

sprout

"grow"

the same soil

"the rocky ground" or "the garden"

in his place

"in the place of the godless man"

God will not cast away an innocent man

This can be stated in positive form. AT: "God will accept an innocent man"

neither will he take the hand of evildoers

Here "take the hand" refers to help or support. AT: "God will not support people who do evil things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 8:21-22

He will yet fill your mouth with laughter, your lips with shouting

These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how happy Job would be if he were innocent. The word "he" refers to God and "your" refers to Job. AT: "God will make you very happy again if you are innocent" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

fill your mouth with laughter

God causing Job to laugh is spoken of as if God had poured laughter into Job's mouth. AT: "cause you to continually laugh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

your lips with shouting

The verb "fill" is understood from the previous clause. God causing him to shout for joy is spoken of as if God had poured joy into Job's mouth. AT: "God will cause you to shout for joy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Those who hate you will be clothed with shame

Here "shame" is spoken of as if it were clothing that God will cause Job's enemies to wear. This means they will be very ashamed. AT: "God will cause those who hate you to be very ashamed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the tent of the wicked will be no more

Here "tent" refers to the homes of the wicked. AT: "the houses of the wicked will be destroyed"

will be no more

"will not last" or "will be destroyed"

translationWords

Job 9

Job 9:intro-0

Job 09 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Bildad.

Special concepts in this chapter

== Job's righteousness and Yahweh's power== Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Job does not think that he can make a claim against Yahweh because only God is perfectly wise and just. Yahweh is truly powerful and Job understands this. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/curse.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/justice.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphors

Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express himself or to describe Yahweh's power. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

# Rhetorical questions

Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Bildad that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Job 9:1-3

I truly know that this is so

"I know that what you say is true"

this is so

Here the word "this" refers to what Bildad said.

how can a person be in the right with God?

"how can anyone be innocent before God?"

argue

"dispute"

he cannot answer him once in a thousand times

"Once in a thousand times" here is an idiom that means "at all." Possible meanings are 1) "he cannot give any answer to God" or 2) "God will not answer him at all" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

a thousand times

"1,000 times"

translationWords

Job 9:4-6

wise in heart

Here the heart represents the inner being or thoughts. AT: "wise in what he decides" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

mighty in strength

The abstract noun "strength" can be expressed as the adjective "strong." AT: "mighty in how strong he is" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

who has ever hardened himself against him and succeeded?

This is a rhetorical question that expects an answer of "No one." It can be reworded as a statement. AT: "no one has ever hardened himself against him and succeeded." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

hardened himself against him

To harden oneself means to be stubborn. AT: "resisted him" or "defied him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rpronouns/01.md]])

he who removes the mountains

"God removes the mountains"

in his anger

The abstract noun "anger" can be expressed as the adjective "angry." AT: "because he is angry" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

he who shakes the earth

"God shakes the earth"

sets its supports trembling

"makes its foundations tremble"

translationWords

Job 9:7-9

who covers up the stars

"who blocks the stars from view"

who by himself stretches out the heavens

God is spoken of as creating the heavens without any help, as if the heavens were fabric that he stretches out. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rpronouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

tramples down the waves of the sea

God is spoken of as calming the sea as if with his feet. AT: "puts his feet down on the waves of the sea" or "calms the waves of the sea" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the Bear, Orion, the Pleiades

These are the names of constellations, which are groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]])

Orion

a famous hunter in Greek mythology

Pleiades

several bright stars that look like they are close together in the sky

constellations

groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky

translationWords

Job 9:10-12

General Information:

The writer uses parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using double statements to emphasize that God is great, unseen, and sovereign. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

unsearchable things

"things that cannot be understood"

See

"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you."

he passes on

"he passes by" or "he moves on"

If he takes something away, who can stop him? Who can say to him, 'What are you doing?

These are rhetorical questions that expect an answer of "No one." They can be reworded as statements. AT: "If he takes something away, no one can stop him. No one can ask him, 'What are you doing?'" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

If he takes something away

"If he takes someone away" or "If he wants to snatch something away"

translationWords

Job 9:13-15

the helpers of Rahab bow beneath him

Here "bow beneath him" symbolizes submission or defeat. AT: "he crushes the helpers of Rahab" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

Rahab

The word "Rahab" here refers to a monster of the sea. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

How much less could I answer him, could I choose words to reason with him?

Job poses two similar questions to emphasize his reluctance to confront God. They can be reworded as a statement. AT: "So I certainly could not answer him or choose words to reason with him." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 9:16-18

For he breaks me with a tempest

Job compares his troubles from God to the effects of a tempest. AT: "He injures me as if with a tempest" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

tempest

a powerful or violent storm

multiplies my wounds

"gives me many wounds" or "wounds me again and again"

without cause

"even though I have not given him cause to do so" or "even though I am innocent"

to regain my breath

This is an idiom that means "to be able to breathe again" or (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

he fills me with bitterness

This verse pictures God as filling up Job's life with things that make him bitter. The abstract noun "bitterness" can be expressed as the adjective "bitter." AT: "he fills me up with bitter things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 9:19-20

If it is a matter of strength

"If there is a contest of strength"

behold, he is mighty

"look and you will see that he is mighty" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you: he is mighty"

he is mighty

"he is the strong one"

who can summon him?

This question expects an answer of "No one" to make the point that no one is able to bring God to court. This can be reworded as a statement. AT: "no one can summon him." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Though I am in the right, my own mouth would condemn me; and though I am blameless, my words would prove me to be guilty

This verse expresses the same idea twice for emphasis. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Though I am in the right

Here "I am in the right" means I am the one who has done right things. AT: "Although I have done right things" or "Even though I am innocent" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

my own mouth would condemn me

Here "mouth" represents Job's words. AT: "my own words would accuse me" or "what I say would condemn me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

blameless

"faultless"

my words would prove me to be guilty

Here "my words" are spoken of as if they could take action. AT: "God would use what I say to prove me guilty" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

guilty

The word here has the meaning of "twisted" or "crooked."

translationWords

Job 9:21-24

I am blameless

"I am faultless"

about myself

"what happens to me"

It makes no difference

"It is all the same" or "It does not matter"

he destroys blameless people and wicked people together

Here "blameless" and "wicked" are two extremes for a merism that include everything in between. AT: "he brings everyone to an end, whether they are blameless or wicked" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

If a plague should suddenly kill

"If a disaster should suddenly kill people"

at the afflictions of innocent people

The abstract noun "afflictions" can be translated as the verb "afflict." AT: "when innocent people are afflicted" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

The earth is given

This can be stated in active form. AT: "God gives the earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

The earth is

Here "the earth" is used to represent the people on the earth. AT: "The people of the world are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

into the hand of

Here "hand" is a metonym for "control." AT: "into the control of" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

God covers the faces of its judges

This idiom means God keeps the judges of the earth from being able to judge the difference between right and wrong. AT: "God makes its judges blind" or "God keeps its judges from judging rightly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

If it is not he who does it, then who is it?

"If it is not God who does these things, then who does them?"

translationWords

Job 9:25-26

My days are swifter than a running messenger

Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to a fast runner. AT: "My days pass swiftly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

running messenger

"runner" or "running man"

my days flee away

This pictures the days of Job's life as being able to run away like a person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

they see no good anywhere

This pictures the days of Job's life as being able to see like a person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

no good

"no good thing"

They are as fast as papyrus reed boats

Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to the speed of fast boats. AT: "They pass quickly by like papyrus reed boats" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

papyrus reed boats

"boats made out of reeds." Papyrus reed is a hollow grass that grows along the banks of rivers.

as fast as the eagle that swoops down on its victim

Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to a large bird diving toward its prey. AT: "as fast as the eagle that flies down quickly to catch its food" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

swoops down

"rushes down"

translationWords

Job 9:27-29

I would forget about my complaints

The abstract noun "complaint" can be translated as the verb "complain." AT: "I would stop complaining" or "I would stop complaining against God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

my complaints

It can be stated clearly whom Job was complaining against. AT: "my complaints against God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

I would take off my sad face and be happy

Job's sad face is spoken of here as if it was something that could be removed. AT: "I would stop looking unhappy and smile" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I would be afraid of all my sorrows

Verses 28 and 29 express the consequences if Job does what he says in verse 27. This can be expressed by adding the word "then." AT: "Then I would be afraid of all my sorrows" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-connectingwords/01.md]])

of all my sorrows

The abstract noun "sorrows" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "of everything that hurts me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

I will be condemned

"I will be accused and punished." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will condemn me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

why, then, should I try in vain?

Job uses this question to emphasize that he does not think it is of any use trying to get God's attention. The implied information about what Job is trying can be made explicit. AT: "It is of no use to try to get God's attention." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 9:30-31

If I washed myself with snow water

"If I bathed my body in pure, clean water"

snow water

the water that comes from melted snow

snow

white flakes of frozen water that fall from clouds in places where the air temperature is cold

made my hands ever so clean

"made my hands exceedingly clean." Some other versions of the Bible translate this with the meaning of "cleaned my hands with very strong soap."

plunge me in a ditch

"throw me into a pit"

my own clothes would be disgusted with me

Job's clothing is spoken of as if it would have a negative response to Job after God plunged him into a ditch. AT: "I would be too filthy for my own clothing" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 9:32-33

answer him

Job implies that God has charged him of doing wrong, and he wants to respond to those charges. AT: "answer his charges against me" or "defend myself" or "argue my innocence with him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

come together in court

"come together to trial." Here "court" is a place where people can come and a judge will settle disputes. "Coming together in court" is a metonym for going against each other in a court of law. AT: "confront each other before a judge" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

There is no judge between us

This means there is no judge who is greater than God who could decide what is right between him and Job.

lay his hand upon us both

Here "lay his hand upon" means having power or authority over. AT: "take hold of both of us" or "have authority over both of us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 9:34-35

Connecting Statement:

These verses continue the previous argument that no one is greater than God who could act as a judge between God and Job.

take God's rod off me

Here "God's rod" is a metonym for God punishing or correcting Job. AT: "stop God from punishing me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

keep his terror from frightening me

The abstract noun "terror" can be translated as the verb "terrify." AT: "keep him from terrifying and frightening me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Then would I speak up

"Then I would speak"

as things are now

"because this is how things are now"

translationWords

Job 10

Job 10:intro-0

Job 10 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Bildad.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Job's righteousness

Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse Yahweh. Instead, he defends himself to Yahweh, while trusting in his decision. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/curse.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/trust.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Rhetorical questions

Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to defend himself. He does not believe that he committed a sin deserving severe punishment. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Job 10:1-3

I am weary of my life

"I am tired of living"

I will give free expression to my complaint

The abstract nouns "expression" and "complaint" can be translated as the verbs "express" and "complain." AT: "I will freely express what I have to complain about" or "I will argue freely" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

I will speak in the bitterness of my soul

How Job feels is compared to a bitter taste. The abstract noun "bitterness" can be translated as the adverb "bitterly." AT: "My inner being will speak bitterly" or "I will bitterly speak out" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Is it good to you that you should oppress me, to despise the work of your hands while you smile on the plans of the wicked?

This question expects a "no" answer and can be changed into a statement. AT: "It is not good that you should oppress me, that you should despise the work of your hands, while you smile on the plans of the wicked." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

the work of your hands

Here God is represented by his "hands." AT: "what you have created" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

smile on the plans of the wicked

Here the idiom "smiling on" represents God's approval. AT: "approve the plans of the wicked" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 10:4-7

Do you have eyes of flesh? Do you see like a man sees?

These two questions have nearly the same meaning. These questions expect a negative answer to emphasize that God does not see or understand things the same way a man does. They can be expressed as statements. AT: "You do not have eyes of flesh, and you do not see like a man sees." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Are your days like the days of mankind or your years like the years of people ... and there is no one who can rescue me from your hand?

This question expects a negative answer to emphasize that God is eternal and man's days are limited. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "Your days are not like the days of mankind and your years are not like the years of people ... and there is no one who can rescue me from your hand." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

your days like the days of mankind ... your years like the years of people

These two phrases have nearly the same meaning. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

your days

"the number of your days"

your years

"the number of your years"

inquire after my iniquity ... search after my sin

These two phrases have nearly the same meaning. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

inquire after

"seek after"

from your hand

Here "your hand" represents God's power. AT: "from your power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 10:8-9

Your hands

Here "hands" represent God and his creative action. AT: "You" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Your hands have framed and fashioned me together round about

Job is using a metaphor of a potter forming clay to describe how God carefully created him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

framed and fashioned me

"shaped and formed me." The words "framed" and "fashioned" are similar in meaning. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Call to mind

"Remember"

bring me into dust again

"turn me back into dust again"

translationWords

Job 10:10-11

General Information:

In these verses, Job uses the language of poetry to describe how God formed him in the womb. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-poetry/01.md]])

Have you not poured me out like milk and curdled me like cheese?

This is a question that expects a positive answer. AT: "You poured me out like milk and curdled me like cheese." or "You formed me in the womb like poured milk becomes cheese." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

you

Here "you" refers to God.

me

Here "me" refers to Job.

You have clothed me with skin and flesh

God putting skin and flesh on Job's body is spoken of as if God was putting clothing on him. AT: "You have put skin and flesh on my body" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

knit me together

"wove me together." God putting Job's body together in the womb is spoken of as if God was knitting or weaving a piece of cloth. AT: "put me together" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

sinews

"tendons." These are the parts of the body that connect muscles to bones or other body parts and are like tough, white bands or cords.

translationWords

Job 10:12-14

You have granted me life and covenant faithfulness

The abstract nouns "life" and "faithfulness" can be stated as "live" and "faithful." AT: "You have been faithful to your covenant and allowed me to live" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

your help

"your care"

guarded my spirit

Here Job is represented by his "spirit." AT: "guarded me" or "watched carefully over me" or "kept me safe" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

these things you hid in your heart

Here "these things" refer to the things spoken of in the verses that follow.

these things you hid in your heart

Here "you hid in your heart" means God kept them secret or hidden. AT: "these things you kept secret" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you would notice it

"you would watch me"

translationWords

Job 10:15-16

If I am wicked

"If I am guilty" or "If I do evil things"

woe to me

"how terrible will it be for me"

even if I were righteous

"even if I always did things rightly"

lift up my head

This idiom means to be sure or confident. AT: "hold my head up" or "be confident" or "be sure about myself" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

I am filled with disgrace

The abstract noun "disgrace" can be translated using the adjective "disgraced." AT: "I am filled up with being disgraced" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

disgrace

"shame"

am looking at my own suffering

The abstract noun "suffering" can be translated using the verb "suffer." AT: "am looking at how I suffer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

and am looking

The understood subject may be supplied. AT: "and I am looking" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

If my head lifts itself

This idiom means to become self-confident or proud. AT: "If I become proud" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rpronouns/01.md]])

you hunt me down like a lion

Possible meanings of this simile are 1) God hunts Job like a lion hunts its prey or 2) Job is like a lion being hunted by God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

once again you show yourself powerful to me

This phrase expresses irony in how God's marvelous power is displayed in how he goes against Job. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rpronouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 10:17

You bring new witnesses against me

Job's troubles from God are spoken of as if they were people who were witnesses against him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

increase your anger against me

The abstract noun "anger" can be translated as the adjective "angry." AT: "are more and more angry with me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

you attack me with fresh armies

God sending troubles against Job is spoken of as if God was constantly sending new armies against him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 10:18-19

brought me out of the womb

Here being brought out of the womb represents being born into this world. AT: "brought me out of my mother's womb" or "brought me into this world" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

given up my spirit

Giving up one's spirit represents dying. AT: "died" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

and that no eye had ever seen me

Job uses "eye" here to refer to the whole person. He wishes he could have died at birth, before anyone saw him. AT: "before any person had ever seen me" or "before I was born" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

existed

"lived"

I would have been carried

"My body would have been carried"

translationWords

Job 10:20-22

Are not my days only a few?

Here "my days" represent the length of Job's life. This question expects a positive answer, to emphasize that Job only expects to live a few more days. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "I only have a few days left to live." or "My life will soon end." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

the land

Here the place where the spirits of dead people go is spoken of as if it was a land. AT: "the place" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

of darkness and of the shadow of death

The phrase "shadow of death" intensifies the idea of "darkness." Both phrases describe where the spirits of dead people go. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

the shadow of death

See how you translated this in Job 3:5.

as dark as midnight

The darkness of the place where the spirits of dead people go is compared to the darkness of midnight. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

without any order

This negative phrase can be expressed in positive form. AT: "full of confusion" or "where all is confused" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

where the light is like midnight

The light of the place where the spirits of dead people go is compared to midnight. AT: "where there is no light" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 11

Job 11:intro-0

Job 11 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Zophar.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Zophar's advice

Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He even questions the character of God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/curse.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Rhetorical questions

Zophar uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Zophar's argument. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Job 11:1-3

Zophar the Naamathite

See how you translated this man's name in Job 2:11. AT: "Zophar from the region of Naamah" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Should not such a multitude of words be answered?

Zophar is asking a question in the negative to emphasize that Job's words must be challenged. AT: "We must answer all of these words!" or "Someone should respond to all these words!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Should this man, so full of talk, be believed?

Zophar uses this question to emphasize that they should not believe what Job was saying. AT: "This man is so full of talk, but the people should not believe him!" or "Your many words alone do not mean you are innocent!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Should your boasting make others remain silent?

Zophar uses this question to rebuke Job. AT: "Just because you have spoken many words, this does not mean that others must keep silent." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

When you mock our teaching, will no one make you feel ashamed?

Zophar uses this question to rebuke Job. AT: "You have mocked our teaching. Now we will make you feel ashamed!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 11:4-6

My beliefs are pure

"My understanding is correct"

I am blameless in your eyes

The eyes represent sight, which is a metaphor for God's evaluation of Job. Possible meanings are 1) that Job is saying that God judges him as blameless. AT: "You say that I am blameless" or 2) that Job believes he has been blameless and that God should judge him as blameless. AT: "You should recognize that I am blameless" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

that God would speak ... open his lips against you

The words "open his lips" are a metonym that means speak. These two phrases mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize Zophar's desire that God would speak harshly against Job. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

that he would show ... secrets of wisdom

What the "secrets of wisdom" are can be stated clearly. AT: "that he would show you that you are suffering because of your sin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

God demands from you less than your iniquity deserves

Demanding from Job represents punishing Job. AT: "God is punishing you less than you deserve" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 11:7-9

Can you understand God by searching for him? Can you comprehend the Almighty perfectly?

These two parallel questions are asking the same thing. The writer uses the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "You cannot understand God by searching for him, and you will never completely understand the Almighty!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

The matter

This refers to understanding God. AT: "To understand God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

is as high as heaven ... deeper than Sheol

The impossibility of understanding God is spoken of as if it were impossible to go to these extremely far away places. AT: "is as inaccessible as the highest places in heaven ... is more inaccessible than the deepest places in Sheol" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

what can you do?

Zophar uses this question to show that a person cannot do anything to understand God fully. AT: "you cannot do anything." or "you cannot understand him fully." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

what can you know?

Zophar uses this question to show that a person cannot do anything to know God fully. AT: "you cannot know God fully." or "you cannot know all there is to know." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Its measure

Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) God's greatness or 2) the greatness of God's wisdom.

is longer than the earth ... wider than the sea

God's greatness or wisdom is spoken of as if it could be measured in distance. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 11:10-12

If he ... shuts anyone up

"If God ... shuts anyone up in prison"

if he calls anyone to judgment

The abstract noun "judgment" can be translated with the verb "judge." AT: "if God calls anyone to go to him so that God might judge him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

who can stop him?

This question emphasizes that no one can stop God. AT: "no one can stop him!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

does he not notice it?

This emphasizes that God does notice sin. AT: "he surely notices it!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

But foolish people have no understanding

The abstract noun "understanding" can be expressed with the verb "understand." AT: "But foolish people do not understand" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

they will get it when a wild donkey gives birth to a man

Since a wild donkey can never give birth to a man, this means that foolish people will never get understanding. AT: "only if a wild donkey could give birth to a man could foolish people get understanding" or "it is as impossible for a foolish person to get understanding as it is for a donkey to give birth to a man" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 11:13-14

suppose that you had set your heart right

The heart represents thoughts and attitudes. Setting it right represents correcting it. AT: "even if you had corrected your attitude" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

had reached out with your hands toward God

This is a symbolic action representing asking God for help. AT: "had made an appeal and prayed to God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

suppose that iniquity were in your hand

The hand represents what a person does. AT: "even if you had done some evil things in the past" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

but that then you put it far away from you

Putting sin behind represents stopping sinning. AT: "but that then you stopped doing evil things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

did not let unrighteousness live in your tents

Unrighteousness living represents people doing unrighteous things. AT: "and you did not allow the members of your household to do unrighteous things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 11:15-17

lift up your face without a sign of shame

"Lifting up your face" represents the attitude of a person who is confident and brave. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

you would remember it only like waters that have flowed away

Zophar is comparing misery with water that flows downstream and it is gone. AT: "You would remember it, but the misery will be gone, like waters that have flowed away" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Your life would ... like the morning.

Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Your life would be brighter than the noonday

Brightness represents being prosperous and happy. AT: "Your life would be prosperous and happy like the noonday" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

though there were darkness

Darkness represents troubles and sadness. AT: "Though there were dark troubles and sadness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

it would become like the morning

The morning represents light, which represents prosperity and happiness. AT: "it would be prosperous and happy like the morning" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 11:18-19

You would be secure ... take your rest in safety

Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

would take your rest in safety

"Take your rest" here is an idiom for "rest." The phrase "in safety" can be expressed with the word "safely." AT: "would rest safely" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Also you would lie down in rest ... your favor.

you would lie down in rest

The abstract noun "rest" can be expressed with the verb "rest." AT: "you would lie down and rest" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 11:20

the eyes of wicked people will fail

Their eyes represent their understanding. AT: "the understanding of the wicked people will fail" or "the wicked people will not be able to understand" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 12

Job 12:intro-0

Job 12 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Zophar.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Job's righteousness

Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job's case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh's authority. These three friends therefore try to take God's place. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/curse.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/judge.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphors

Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

# Rhetorical questions

Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Job 12:1-3

No doubt you are the people; wisdom will die with you

Job mocks how they are acting and shows how ridiculous they sound. AT: "Surely you are such important people that wisdom cannot exist without you" or "You all act like you are the only wise people and that when you die, wisdom will disappear" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

No doubt

"Surely"

you

This is plural in verses 2 and 3. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

you are the people

"you are the important people who know everything"

Indeed, who does not know such things as these?

Job used this question to express a truth that should be obvious to his listeners. It can be expressed as a statement. AT: "Certainly there is no one who does not know such things as these." or "Certainly everyone knows these things." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 12:4-6

I am something for my neighbor to laugh at—I, one who called on God and who was answered by him!

The relationship between these phrases can be made clear with the words "even though." AT: "I am something for my neighbor to laugh at—even though I am one who called on God and he answered me!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-connectingwords/01.md]])

I, a just and blameless man—I am now something to laugh at

The relationship between these phrases can be made clear with the words "even though." AT: "Even though I am a just and blameless man, people now laugh at me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-connectingwords/01.md]])

In the thought of someone who is at ease, there is contempt for misfortune

The abstract nouns "thought," "ease," "contempt," and "misfortune" can be expressed with other phrases. AT: "A person who lives an easy life despises a person who suffers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

brings more misfortune

Bringing misfortune represents causing it to happen. AT: "causes more bad things to happen" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

to those whose foot is slipping

The foot slipping represents being in danger or trouble. AT: "to those who are already in trouble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

The tents of robbers prosper

Their tents prospering represents the robbers prospering in their tents. AT: "Robbers live in prosperity in their own tents" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

their own hands are their gods

Here "their own hands" is a metonym for strength, and "their gods" is a metaphor for their pride. AT: "they are extremely proud of their own abilities" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 12:7-8

But now ask ... will declare to you

These 4 statements all express the idea that the beasts, the birds, the earth, and the fish understand God better than Job's friends do. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

you

This is plural in verses 7 and 8. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

But now ask the beasts, and they will teach you

The command in the first part of the sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. AT: "But if you were to ask the beasts, they would teach you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-imperative/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

ask the birds of the heavens, and they will tell you

The command in the first part of the sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. AT: if you were to ask the birds of the heavens, they would tell you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-imperative/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

Or speak to the earth, and it will teach you

The command in the first part of the sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. AT: "Or if you were to speak to the earth, it would teach you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-imperative/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

the fish of the sea will declare to you

The command "Ask the fish of the sea" is understood from the previous sentences. It functions as a hypothetical condition. AT: "and if you were to ask the fish of the sea, they would declare to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-imperative/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 12:9-10

Which animal among all these does not know ... this?

This question emphasizes the point that all the animals know that Yahweh has done this. This question can be worded as a statement. AT: "Every animal among all these knows ... this." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

the hand of Yahweh has done this

Yahweh's hand represents his power. AT: "Yahweh has done this by his power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

In his hand is the life ... and the breath of all mankind

Yahweh's hand represents his control or power. AT: "God controls the life of every living thing and gives breath to all mankind" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the breath of all mankind

Here "breath" represents life or the ability to live. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 12:11-12

Does not the ear test words just as the palate tastes its food?

Job uses this question to emphasize that people listen to what others say and judge whether it is good or not. The ear and palate are metonyms for hearing and tasting. AT: "We hear what people say and test it just as we taste food and test it." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

With aged men is wisdom

"Aged men have wisdom." The abstract noun "wisdom" can be expressed with "wise." The word "men" refers to people in general. AT: "Old people are wise" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-gendernotations/01.md]])

in length of days is understanding

This represents people gaining understanding when they live a long time. The abstract noun "understanding" can be expressed with the phrase "understand much." AT: "people gain understanding when they live a long time" or "people who live a long time understand much" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 12:13-15

General Information:

Verse 13 says that God is wise and mighty. The rest of this chapter shows that this is true by telling about the wise and mighty things that God does.

With God are wisdom and might

The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "might" can be expressed with the adjectives "wise" and "mighty." AT: "God is wise and mighty" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

See

"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

it cannot be built again

This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one can rebuild it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

if he imprisons someone, there can be no release

The abstract noun "release" can be expressed with the verb "free." AT: "if God shuts someone in, no one can free him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

if he withholds the waters, they dry up

Possible meanings are that withholding waters represents 1) preventing the rain from falling. AT: "if he stops the rain from falling the land dries up" or 2) preventing running water from flowing. AT: "if he stops the water from flowing, the land dries up" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

if he sends them out, they overwhelm the land

Possible meanings are that sending them out is a metaphor meaning 1) causing the rain to fall. AT: "if he causes a lot of rain to fall, it floods the land" or 2) causing the waters to flow. AT: "if he makes a lot of water flow, it floods the land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 12:16-18

With him are strength and wisdom

The abstract nouns "strength" and "wisdom" can be expressed with the words "strong" and "wise." AT: "God is strong and wise" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

people who are deceived and the deceiver are both in his power

Being in God's power represents God ruling over them. AT: "people who believe a lie and people who lie to others are both in his power" or "God rules over both people who believe lies and people who lie to others"

He leads counselors away barefoot

Leading counselors away barefoot represents taking away their wisdom and authority. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in sorrow

The abstract noun "sorrow" can be expressed with the words "sad" or "grieve" AT: "and they feel very sad" or "and they grieve" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

he turns judges into fools

"he makes judges become foolish"

He takes off the chain of authority from kings

Possible meanings are that 1) this is a metonym for causing kings to no longer have authority. AT: "He takes away the authority of kings" or 2) this is a metonym for setting people free from the chains that kings have put on them. AT: "He takes off the bonds that kings have put on people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

he wraps a cloth about their waists

This cloth is probably what a slave wears. To put these cloths on kings represents making the kings slaves. AT: "he makes kings wear the clothing of slaves" or "he makes them slaves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 12:19-21

He leads priests away barefoot

Leading priests away barefoot represents taking away their authority. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in sorrow

The abstract noun "sorrow" can be expressed with the words "sad" or "grieve" AT: "and they feel sad" or "and they grieve" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

overthrows mighty people

"defeats powerful people"

He removes the speech of those who had been trusted

Removing their speech represents making them unable to speak. AT: "He makes those who were trusted unable to speak" or "He silences people whom others trusted" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

takes away the understanding of the elders

Taking away their understanding represents making them unable to understand or make good decisions. AT: "makes the elders unable to understand" or "makes the elders unable to make good decisions" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the elders

Possible meanings are 1) the older people or 2) the leaders.

He pours contempt upon princes

Pouring contempt on princes is a metaphor for causing people to feel contempt for them. AT: "He causes people to greatly disrespect those who rule" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

unfastens the belt of strong people

The belt is a symbol of strength. Unfastening a strong person's belt represents taking away his strength and making him weak. AT: "makes the strong people weak" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 12:22-23

He reveals the deep things of darkness

Revealing things represents making them known. "Deep things from darkness" represent secrets that people do not know. AT: "He makes known secrets that people do not know" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

brings deep shadows into the light

Bringing things out into the light represents making them known, and here "shadows" is a metonym for the things that are hidden in the shadows, which in turn are a metaphor for truths that God has hidden from people. AT: "makes known things that no one can see" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

He enlarges nations

"He makes nations larger" or "He makes nations have more land"

he also leads them along as prisoners

God leading nations represents God causing enemy nations to lead them. The word "them" represents nations, which here represents the people of those nations. AT: "he also causes their enemies to lead them along as prisoners" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 12:24-25

He takes away understanding from the leaders of the people of the earth

Taking away their understanding represents causing them to be unable to understand. AT: "He causes the leaders of the people of the earth to be unable to understand" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

to wander in a wilderness where there is no path

Wandering in a wilderness where there is no path represents being in a difficult situation and not knowing what to do. AT: "to be unsure of what to do like a person wandering in a wasteland with no path" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

They grope in the dark without light

Being in the dark without light represents lacking knowledge. AT: "They struggle to make decisions without knowledge as people struggle to walk in the dark without light" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he makes them stagger like a drunk man

Staggering or wandering like a drunk man represents living without purpose. AT: "he makes them live without purpose like a drunk person who staggers as he walks" or "they wander aimlessly like a drunk person who staggers back and forth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 13

Job 13:intro-0

Job 13 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Zophar. It also contains Job's claim of righteousness to Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/righteous.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Job's righteousness

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Rhetorical questions

Job 13:1-2

Connecting Statement:

Job continues to speak to his friends.

See

"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

my eye has seen all this

Job referred to himself as his eye since it is with his eyes that he saw these things. AT: "I have seen all this" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

my ear has heard and understood it

Job referred to himself as his ear since it is with his ears that he heard these things. AT: "I have heard and understood it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

What you know, the same I also know

"What you know, I also know" or "I know as much as you"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/know.md]]

Job 13:3-5

Connecting Statement:

Job continues to speak to his friends.

I wish to reason with God

Job's friends are judging him, but they not speaking the truth. Job would rather argue with God alone about his complaint.

you whitewash the truth with lies

Putting whitewash or plaster on the truth represents ignoring the truth. AT: "you hide the truth with lies" or "you lie and ignore the truth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you are all physicians of no value

Being a physician represents being a person who comforts others. Being of no value means that they do not know how to do what they should. AT: "you are all like physicians who do not know how to heal people" or "you all come to comfort me, but you do not know how, like unskilled physicians" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

hold your peace

This expression means "be quiet" or "stop talking." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

That would be your wisdom

They thought that they were saying wise things, but Job was saying that they would be wiser if they would stop talking. The abstract noun "wisdom" can be expressed with the word "wise." AT: "If you were to do that, you would be wise" or "If you were to stop talking, you would appear wise" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 13:6-8

Connecting Statement:

Job continues to speak to his friends.

listen to the pleading of my own lips

Here "lips" represent the person who is speaking. AT: "listen to what I myself plead for" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Will you speak unrighteously ... deceitfully for him?

Job uses these two questions to rebuke his friends for speaking unrighteously. AT: "You think that you are speaking for God, but you are speaking unrighteously. You are speaking deceitfully." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

talk deceitfully

"lie" or "tell lies"

Will you show him partiality? Will you argue the case for God?

Showing kindness to God represents helping God or defending God against Job's complaints. Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends for thinking that they can defend God. AT: "You think that God need you to defend him? You think that you can argue for God like attorneys in court." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 13:9-10

Connecting Statement:

Job continues to speak to his friends.

Will it be good for you when he searches you out?

Here "searches you out" is a metaphor meaning "examines you." Job uses this question to warn his friends that if God were to examine them, he would say that what they are doing is wrong. AT: "When God examines you, it will not be good for you." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Could you deceive him as you might deceive men?

Job uses this question to warn his friends that God knows the truth about them. AT: "You might be able to deceive men, but you cannot deceive God." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

reprove you

"rebuke you"

if in secret you showed partiality

"if you secretly show favor to another." Showing partiality refers to saying only good things about someone so that the judge will say that the person is good. Doing this in secret means pretending to speak fairly, but really favoring one person over another.

translationWords

Job 13:11-12

Connecting Statement:

Job continues to speak to his friends.

Will not his majesty terrify you, and the dread of him fall upon you?

Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends. Possible meanings are 1) Job is saying that they should fear God. AT: "His majesty should make you afraid, and his dread should fall on you." or 2) Job is saying that they will fear God. AT: "His majesty will make you afraid, and his dread will fall on you!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

and the dread of him fall upon you

Dread falling on people represents them becoming terribly afraid. AT: "and you not be terribly afraid" or "and you not be terrified" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Your memorable sayings are proverbs made of ashes

Ashes represent things that are worthless and do not last. AT: "Your memorable sayings are worthless like ashes" or "Your memorable sayings will be forgotten like ashes that are blown away" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

your defenses are defenses made of clay

Job speaks of what they say as if it were a wall made of clay around a city; it cannot defend the people because clay breaks easily. AT: "What you say in defense is as useless as a wall of clay" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

your defenses

Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) what they say to defend themselves or 2) what they say to defend God.

translationWords

Job 13:13-15

Connecting Statement:

Job continues to speak to his friends.

Hold your peace

This is an idiom meaning "Be quiet" or "Stop talking" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

let me alone

This is an idiom that means "stop bothering me" or "stop hindering me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

let come what may on me

Things coming on a person represents things happening to a person. This expression starting with "let" means that he does not care what might happen to him. AT: "let whatever may happen to me happen" or "I do not care what may happen to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will take my own flesh ... in my hands

"Flesh" here is a metonym for life. "Teeth" and "hands" are metonyms for his own control. These two phrases together emphasize that Job is willing to risk his life by arguing his case with God. AT: "I am ready to risk my life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 13:16-17

Why do you hide ... like your enemy?

Job asks this question to complain about how God is treating him. He probably hopes for an answer. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

you hide your face from me

Hiding one's face from someone represents refusing to look at him or ignoring him. AT: "you refuse to look at me" or "you ignore me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Will you persecute ... pursue dry stubble?

Job uses these questions to tell God that since Job is so insignificant and weak, it is useless to persecute him. "Leaf" and "stubble" are metaphors describing Job's weakness, insignificance and frailty. AT: "You persecute me, but I am weak like a leaf blown by the wind and insignificant like dry stubble." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 13:26-28

Connecting Statement:

Job finishes presenting his case to God.

For you write down bitter things against me

"Bitter things" represents accusations. AT: "For you write down accusations against me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you make me inherit the iniquities of my youth

Inheriting the iniquities of his youth is a metaphor. Possible meanings are it represents 1) being guilty for the sins of his youth. AT: "you say that I am still guilty for the sins of my youth" or 2) being punished for the sins of his youth. AT: "you punish me for the sins of my youth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the iniquities of my youth

The abstract noun "youth" can be translated with the word "young." AT: "the sins I committed when I was young" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

You also put my feet in the stocks

Doing this represents punishing Job and keeping him from living freely as if Job had committed a crime and was a prisoner. AT: "It is as though you put my feet in the stocks" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the stocks

Possible meanings are 1) a frame that holds a prisoner's feet in place so that he cannot move at all or 2) chains around a prisoner's feet that make it hard for him to walk. These are used as a form of punishment.

all my paths

"Paths" represent the things Job does. AT: "everything I do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked

The soles of his feet represent the person who walks. AT: "you examine the ground where I have walked" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked

Examining this ground represents examining all that Job has done. AT: "it is as though you examine the ground where I have walked" or "you examine everything I do like a person examining someone's footprints on the ground" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

like a rotten thing that wastes away

Job compares his life to something that is decaying. He is slowly dying. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

like a garment that moths have eaten

Job compares himself to clothes that are full of holes because the moths have eaten parts of it. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/inherit.md]]

Job 14

Job 14:intro-0

Job 14 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's claim of righteousness being presented to Yahweh. It also has an abrupt shift in tone. Rather than being hopeful, Job laments. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/righteous.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/lament.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Resurrection

The events of Job occurred long before the Old Testament was written. Therefore, he likely had very little direct revelation about Yahweh. The resurrection of the dead was apparently not well-known during Job's day. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/reveal.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Rhetorical questions

Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in his appeal to Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Job 14:1-3

General Information:

This chapter continues Job's speech, which started in Job 12:1. Job is speaking to God.

Man, who is born of woman

This refers to all people, both men and women; all are born into this world. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-gendernotations/01.md]])

lives only a few days

This is an exaggeration to emphasize that people live only a short time. AT: "lives only a very short time" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

is full of trouble

Being "full of trouble" represents experiencing much trouble. AT: "has many troubles" or "suffers much" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

He sprouts from the ground like a flower and is cut down

Like the life of a flower, a person's life is short and is easily killed. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

he flees like a shadow and does not last

A person's short life is compared to a shadow that disappears quickly. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Do you look at any of these?

Job implies that he does not want God to pay so much attention to him. AT: "You do not look at any of these." or "You do not pay so much attention to these. Please do not pay so much attention to me." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

look at

Here looking at some one represents paying attention to him in order to judge him. AT: "pay attention to" or "look for faults in"

Do you bring me into judgment with you?

Job uses this question to show his surprise that God judges him even though Job is so insignificant like the flowers. AT: "But you judge me." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 14:4-6

General Information:

Job continues speaking to God.

Who can bring something clean out of something unclean? No one

Job uses this question to persuade God to apply what he knows about unclean things to Job. AT: "No one can bring something clean out of something unclean" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Man's days are determined

This can be expressed in active form. AT: "You determine a man's days" or "You decide how long a man lives" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

The number of his months is with you

The number of man's months being with God represents God deciding the number of months that the man will live. "You decide how many months he will live" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

you have appointed his limits that he cannot pass

Passing a limit represents living past a time that God has set for a person to die. AT: "you have appointed the time that he will die, and he cannot live longer than that" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

hired man

a man who is hired to do a job and goes home afterwards

translationWords

Job 14:7-9

There can be hope for a tree

The abstract noun "hope" can be expressed with the verb "hope." The hope is explained in verses 7-9. AT: "We can hope that a tree will live again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

it might sprout again

"it might start growing again"

so that its tender stalk does not disappear

Disappearing represents dying. AT: "so that its young shoot will not die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Though

"Even if"

stump

the part of the tree that remains sticking out of the ground after someone has cut down most of the tree

even if it only smells water

This describes the dead stump as if it could smell water to represent water being near it. AT: "even if only a little water is near it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

it will bud

"it will start growing"

send out branches like a plant

The tree sending out branches represents branches growing on the tree. AT: "branches will start growing on it like a plant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 14:10-12

then where is he?

Job uses this question to emphasize that when a person dies, he is not present. AT: "no one knows where he is." or "he is gone." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

As water disappears from a lake ... and do not rise again

The fact that death cannot be reversed is compared to water that dried up and cannot return. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

As water disappears ... as a river loses

These two phrases are describing the same thought and are repeated to emphasize the fact that death is final. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

so people lie down

Lying down represents dying. AT: "so people die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

do not rise again

Rising again represents living again. AT: "do not live again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they will not awake nor be roused out of their sleep

These two phrases mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize that death is final. Sleeping represents dying and awaking represents living again. AT: "people who die will not live again and be raised from death" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 14:13-14

General Information:

Job continues speaking to God.

Oh, that you would hide me

This is an exclamation showing what Job wants very much but does not really expect to happen. AT: "I wish that you would hide me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclamations/01.md]])

keep me in private

"keep me locked up" or "keep me hidden"

call me to mind

Call someone to mind is an idiom meaning to think about him. AT: "think about me" or "remember me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

If a man dies, will he live again?

The implicit answer is "no." AT: "If a man dies, he will not live again." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

If so

What "so" refers to is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "If he would live again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

to wait all my weary time there

"to wait all my time there even though I would be weary"

until my release should come

The abstract noun "release" can be expressed with the verb "release." AT: "until I should be released" or "until you release me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 14:15-17

General Information:

Job continues speaking to God.

I would answer

"I would respond"

You would have a desire for

The noun "desire" can be expressed with the verbs "desire" or "want." AT: "You would desire" or "You would want" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

for the work of your hands

Here God's hands represent him making things. Job refers to himself as the work of God's hands. AT: "for me, whom you have made" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

number and care for

These two verbs together express a single action. AT: "attentively care for" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hendiadys/01.md]])

my footsteps

Footsteps represent his life or what he does. AT: "my life" or "the things I do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

you would not keep ... My transgression would be ... you would cover up

These three lines express the same thought and are used together to emphasize his confidence that God would forgive him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

you would not keep track of my sin

Keeping track of Job's sin represents thinking about his sin. AT: "you would not look at my sin" or "you would not think about my sin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

My transgression would be sealed up in a bag

Sealing transgression in a bag represents hiding it and refusing to think about it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You would refuse to think about my transgression like someone who hides something in a bag" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you would cover up my iniquity

Covering up someone's iniquity so that it cannot be seen represents refusing to think about it. AT: "you would hide my iniquity" or "you would ignore my iniquity" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 14:18-19

General Information:

Job continues speaking to God.

mountains fall and come to nothing

"Come to nothing" here is an idiom meaning be completely destroyed. This phrase expands on the word "fall" and emphasizes complete destruction. AT: "mountains completely fall apart" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

rocks are moved out of their place

This can be expressed in active form. AT: "rocks tumble down from their place" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Like this, you destroy the hope of man

If it is easier in your language, you can put this phrase at the beginning of verse 18 and adjust the text accordingly. AT: "You destroy the hope of man, just like ... dust of the earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

you destroy the hope of man

Destroying hope represents causing the things people hope for not to happen. AT: "You prevent the hope of man from happening" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the hope of man

The abstract noun "hopes" can be expressed with the verb "hope." AT: "the things that man hopes for" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 14:20-22

General Information:

Job continues speaking to God.

You always defeat him

The word "him" refers to any person. AT: "You always defeat man" or "You always defeat people"

he passes away

Passing away represents dying. AT: "he dies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

you change his face

Possible meanings are 1) the pain just before dying makes his face contract or 2) when a person dies, God makes the person's face look different.

send him away to die

This represents causing him to die. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

if they are brought low

Being brought low represents being shamed. AT: "if they are disgraced" or "if people shame them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 15

Job 15:intro-0

Job 15 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Eliphaz's advice

Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/curse.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Rhetorical questions

Job 15:1-3

Eliphaz the Temanite

This is the name of a man. People from Teman are known as Temanites. See how you translated this in Job 2:11. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Should a wise man answer with useless knowledge and fill himself with the east wind?

Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. This can be written as a statement. AT: "A wise man should not answer with useless knowledge nor fill himself with the east wind." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

fill himself with the east wind

The wind represents emptiness. This phrase speaks of a person speaking empty and meaningless words as if that person were full of the wind. AT: "fill himself with empty words" or "only have meaningless words" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the east wind

"hot air" or "the desert wind"

Should he reason with unprofitable talk or with speeches with which he can do no good?

Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. This can be written as a statement. AT: "He should not reason with unprofitable talk nor with speeches with which he can do no good." or "He should not argue using unprofitable talk or make speeches that accomplish nothing good." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 15:4-6

diminish

"destroy" or "invalidate"

obstruct

"diminish" or "take away"

devotion to

"meditation on" or "concern for"

your iniquity teaches your mouth

This describes "iniquity" as if it were a teacher and Job's mouth is described as if it is learning. This means that his speech is greatly influenced by his iniquity. AT: "your iniquity is like a teacher and your mouth is like its student" or "it is because of your sin that you speak the way you do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

your mouth

This speaks of Job, but refers to his "mouth" to place emphasis on what he says. AT: "you to speak" or "you to say what you say" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

to have the tongue of a crafty man

This refers to the way a crafty man speaks as his "tongue." AT: "to speak in the way of a crafty man" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

crafty

"deceptive"

Your own mouth condemns you, not mine

This refers to Job and Eliphaz by their "mouths" to place emphasis on what they say. AT: "You are condemned by what you say, not by what I say" or "You condemn yourself by what you say, it is not I who condemns you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

your own lips testify

This speaks of Job, but refers to his "lips" to place emphasis on what he says. AT: "your own words" or "you testify" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 15:7-9

General Information:

Each verse is a parallelism that contains two rhetorical questions. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Are you the first man that was born?

The implicit answer here is "no." This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. AT: "You are not the first man that was born." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Were you brought into existence before the hills?

The implicit answer here is "no." This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. AT: "You were not brought into existence before the hills." or "God did not bring you into existence before he brought the hills into existence." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Were you brought

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Did God bring you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Have you heard the secret knowledge of God?

The implicit answer here is "no." This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. AT: "You have not heard the secret knowledge of God." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Do you limit wisdom to yourself?

This rhetorical question emphasizes that he cannot limit wisdom to himself. This can be written as a statement. AT: "You cannot limit wisdom to yourself." or "You are not the only wise person." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

What do you know that we do not know?

The implicit answer here is "nothing." This question can be written as a statement. AT: "There is nothing that you know that we do not know." or "Everything you know, we also know." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

What do you understand that is not also in us?

This speaks of the men having understanding as if it were something "inside" them. AT: "Everything you understand, we also understand." or "We understand everything that you understand." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 15:10-11

With us are both the gray-headed and the very aged men

Eliphaz speaks of him and the other men having learned wisdom from older men and wisdom that had been passed down from men of previous generations as if these older men were physically present with them. AT: "We acquired wisdom from old gray-haired people, from people who were born before your father was" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Are the consolations of God ... gentle toward you?

This rhetorical question is an accusation, with the implicit answer to the question being "yes." This question may be written as a statement. AT: "You must think that the consolations of God are too small for you, the words that are gentle toward you"

consolations

"comforts" or "sympathies"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/word.md]]

Job 15:12-14

Why does your heart carry you away?

Here the "heart" represents a person's emotions. AT: "Why do your emotions take you away?" or "Why do you allow your emotions to guide your decisions?" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Why do your eyes flash

This probably refers to Job appearing angry, specifically the appearance of his eyes. AT: "Why do your eyes look angry" or "Why are you angry" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

turn your spirit

Here the "spirit" refers to the whole person. AT: "turn yourself" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

bring out such words from your mouth

This describes him speaking. AT: "so you say harsh things against him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

What is man ... What is he who is born

These two questions are basically the same and are used together to emphasize that a man cannot be perfect. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

What is man that he should be clean?

This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that a man cannot be completely "clean." This can be written as a statement. AT: "A man, he cannot be completely clean." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

clean

A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

What is he who is born of a woman that he should be righteous?

This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that a man cannot be completely "righteous." This can be written as a statement. AT: "A man who is born from a woman cannot be completely righteous." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 15:15-16

See

This word is used here to draw Job's attention to what is said next. AT: "Listen"

his holy ones

"his angels"

clean

Something that God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in his sight

Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in his judgment" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

abominable and corrupt

These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how wicked humans are. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

who drinks iniquity like water

This describes iniquity as if it were water you can drink. It compares how the evil man desires to commit sin to how readily he desires to drink cool water. AT: "who love iniquity as much as they love a cup of fresh water" or "who commit evil deeds as often as they drink water" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 15:17-18

I will show you

This is an idiom. AT: "I will explain to you" or "I will make it clear to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

I will announce

"I will declare"

their ancestors did not hide

Eliphaz emphasizes that their ancestors purposefully taught them these things. AT: "their ancestors taught openly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 15:19-21

This is true

"This" refers to the wicked man running at God from the previous verse.

he has covered his face with his fat and gathered fat on his loins

This wicked man is described as fat and weak, while believing himself to be strong enough to defeat God. AT: "he is weak with a fat face and fat loins" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

which no man inhabits

"which are abandoned"

heaps

"ruins" or "dumps"

translationWords

Job 15:29-30

He will not be rich; his wealth will not last

These two litotes express that he will be the opposite of rich, that he will be poor. AT: "he will be poor; all his money will disappear" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Job's response

Job expresses shock and disgust at the advice Eliphaz gives to him. He even mocks Eliphaz. He describes the difficulties of his circumstances but never curses Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/curse.md]])

# Advocate

Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/intercede.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/heaven.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/witness.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/prophet.md]])

Job 16:1-3

you are all miserable comforters

"instead of comforting me, you all make me more miserable"

Will useless words ever have an end?

Job uses this rhetorical question to express that he wishes that they would stop speaking useless words. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "How I wish your useless words would end!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

What is wrong with you that you answer like this?

Job uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Eliphaz. Here the word "you" is singular and refers to Eliphaz, who just finished speaking to Job. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Eliphaz, you should stop answering me like this!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 16:4-5

I could collect and join words together

Job speaks of thinking of useless things to say as if his words were random items that he collected and joined together. AT: "I could think of things to say" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

shake my head

This is an action that shows disapproval. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

in mockery

The word "mockery" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "to mock you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

I would strengthen you with my mouth, and the quivering of my lips will bring you relief!

The words "mouth" and "lips" are metonyms for the words or messages that a person speaks using his mouth and lips. Here Job is speaking sarcastically and means the opposite of what he says. AT: "My words would surely not be encouraging to you! They would surely not lighten your grief" or "By speaking to you as you spoke to me earlier, I would not encourage you or lighten your grief!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

with my mouth

Here Job's "mouth" represents what he says. AT: "with what I say" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the quivering of my lips

This is a metonym for the words or message that he speaks. AT: "my comforting words" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

will bring you relief

This speaks of grief as if it were a heavy physical burden. AT: "will lessen your grief" or "will help you feel less grief" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 16:6-8

grief

Job has experienced great loss of family and health that is unexplained and therefore causes him "great sorrow and emotional pain."

how am I helped?

Job uses this rhetorical question to express that keeping quiet does not lessen his grief. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "it does not help me at all." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

But now, God, you

Job now turns his complaining to God.

made all my family desolate

"destroyed all my family"

You have made me dry up

This means that Job's body has shriveled and become wrinkled. AT: "You have made my body shrivel up" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

which itself is a witness against me

Job describes the shriveling of his body as if it were an accuser against him. AT: "and people think that shows me to be a sinner" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

the leanness of my body rises up against me, and it testifies against

Job describes the thinness of his body as if it were accuser against him. AT: "They see how thin my body is, and they think that proves that I am guilty" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

against my face

Here Job is referred to by his "face." AT: "against me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 16:9-10

God has torn me in his wrath and persecuted me ... as he tears me apart

This speaks of God causing Job pain as if God were a wild animal and Job were his prey that he was killing. AT: "Because God is very angry with me, it is as though he were a wild animal that tore my body apart with his teeth because he was my enemy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my enemy

Job refers to God as his "enemy" as he describes how he has caused him great pain.

fastens his eyes on me

This is an idiom. AT: "glares at me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

People have gaped with open mouth

To "gape" means to stare in amazement with open mouth.

translationWords

Job 16:11-12

hands me over to ungodly people, and throws me into the hands of wicked people

These two lines mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize Job's feeling of having been betrayed by God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

hands me over to

This is an idiom. AT: "puts me under the control of" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

throws me into the hands

Here a person's "hands" refer to his "control." AT: "delivers me to the control" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

and he broke me apart

Job speaks of his pain and despair as if he himself were something that was broken into pieces. AT: "but then it felt as though he broke me apart" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

dashed me to pieces

Job speaks of God causing him pain and despair as if he were something that God had taken and smashed into pieces. AT: "it is as though he has taken me by the neck and smashed me to pieces" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he has also set me up as his target

Job speaks of himself being the focus of God's attacks as if God has set him up as a target to shoot arrows at. AT: "it is as though he set me up like a target" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 16:13-14

His archers surround me all around

Job speaks of himself being the focus of God's attacks as if God has set him up as a target and God had archers surrounding him to attack him. AT: "It is as though his archers have me surrounded" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

God pierces my kidneys and does not spare me; he pours out my bile on the ground

Job speaks of the pain he is feeling by comparing it to God piercing his body with arrows. Here "God" represents the arrows that he shoots. AT: "It feels like God's arrows have pierced my kidneys and my liver, spilling my bile on the ground. He does not spare me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

He smashes through my wall

Job speaks of the pain that he feels by comparing himself to a wall that God smashes through. AT: "I feel like a wall that God smashes through" or "I feel like a wall that God breaks through" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he runs upon me like a warrior

Job describes God as a soldier that attacks him. AT: "it is like he is a warrior who runs at me to attack me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 16:15-17

I have sewn sackcloth on my skin

Job speaks of wearing clothing made of sackcloth as if the cloth were attached to his body. People often wore sackcloth to express mourning or great grief. AT: "Because I am mourning, I have sewn together sackcloth to wear as my clothing" or "I wear clothing that I made from sackcloth, because I am mourning" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I have thrust my horn into the ground

Job's "horn" represents the power and authority he had before but now is no more. AT: "I sit here in the dirt, very depressed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

on my eyelids is the shadow of death

Here Job's eyes are represented by his "eyelids." Job speaks of his eyes' dark appearance as if his eyes looked like the eyes of a dead person. AT: "there are dark circles around my eyes" or "my eyes are dark, like the eyes of a dead person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

there is no violence in my hands

"Hands" refers to a person's ability and activity. AT: "I have not acted violently" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 16:18-19

Earth, do not cover up my blood

Jobs speaks to the "earth" directly even though it cannot hear him, to add strength to his statement. The earth is personified as purposefully covering up his blood after he dies. AT: "I wish my blood would not soak into the ground but that it would remain on top of the ground as proof of how I died" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Earth, do not cover up my blood

Job speaks of himself dying as if he would be murdered. Here his "blood" is a metonym referring to his death. AT: "Earth, when I die, do not hide how I died unfairly" or "Let it not be hidden how I died unfairly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

let my cry have no resting place

Job speaks of wanting everyone to know what happened to him as if his "cry" were a person that never stopped testifying to what happened to him and never rested. AT: "let everyone hear about what has happened to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

see

Job uses this word to draw attention to what he says next. AT: "listen"

vouches

"testifies"

on high

This is an idiom. AT: "in heaven" or "in heaven on high" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 16:20-22

scoff

"scorn" or "ridicule"

my eye pours out tears

Job describes how strongly he feels his sorrow. Here he exaggerates how he often cries by saying that tears pour from his eyes. AT: "my eyes are full of tears while I cry out" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

for this man

"for me." Here Job refers to himself in the third person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

as a man does with his neighbor!

"as a man does for his neighbor." Job describes how he wants that one in heaven to plead for him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

I will go to a place

Here Job is referring to himself dying. AT: "I will die and go to a place" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 17

Job 17:intro-0

Job 17 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Eliphaz, but it is more directly addressed to Yahweh.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Job's grief

Job expresses grief or great sadness in this chapter. He awaits the justice and intercession of Yahweh as he awaits his own death. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/curse.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/intercede.md]])

# Advocate

Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/heaven.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/witness.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/prophet.md]])

Job 17:1-3

General Information:

Job continues to speak.

My spirit is consumed

Job refers to himself by his "spirit" to emphasize his inner emotions. He speaks of not having any strength left as if he were something that has been used up. AT: "I am consumed" or "I have lost all of my strength" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my days are over

"my time is over" or "I am going to die soon"

the grave is ready for me

This phrase describes "the grave" as if it is a person who will receive Job as a guest. AT: "soon I will be dead and buried" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Surely there are mockers with me

"Those who are around me are mocking me"

Surely

"Certainly" or "There is no doubt that"

my eye must always see

Job refers to himself by his "eyes" to emphasize what he sees. AT: "I must always see" or "I must always hear" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

their provocation

"their insults." The word "provocation" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "them provoking me" or "them, trying to make me angry" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Give now a pledge, be a guarantee for me with yourself

Job begins to speak to God. Here he speaks of his situation as if he were in prison. He is asking God to provide a pledge so that he may be released. AT: "God, give now a pledge so that I may be released from this prison" or "pay for my release from prison" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

who else is there who will help me?

Job uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no one else to help him. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "there is no one else who will help me." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 17:4-5

General Information:

Job continues to speak.

have kept their hearts

The word "their" refers to his friends. They are referred to by their "hearts" to emphasize their emotions. AT: "have kept them" or "have kept my friends" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

you will not exalt them over me

"you will not allow them to triumph over me"

He who

"Anyone who"

denounces his friends for a reward

"falsely accuses his friends in order to get a profit" or "betrays his friends to receive a reward"

the eyes of his children will fail

The person's children are referred to here by their "eyes." This phrase describes the children suffering because of what their father or mother did. AT: "his children will suffer for it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 17:6-8

General Information:

Job continues to speak.

he has made me a byword of the people

This means that people speak of him in a mocking way and use his name as an insult. AT: "because of him, people use my name as an insult" or "because of them, people use my name as a byword" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

they spit in my face

"people spit in my face." In this culture spitting on someone was a great insult. If spitting has a different meaning in your culture you can write this differently. AT: "people insult me greatly, by spitting in my face" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

My eye is also dim because of sorrow

Job speaks of his vision as his "eyes." AT: "My vision has become weak because I am so sad" or "I am almost blind because of my sorrow" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

all my body parts are as thin as shadows

Shadows have no thickness and are infinitely thin. That is an exaggeration of how thin Job's body parts are. AT: "all my body parts are very thin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

all my body parts

This is a generalization used to emphasize that his whole body is thin, but refers specifically to his arms and legs. AT: "my arms and legs" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

stunned

"shocked" or "horrified"

by this

"by what has happened to me"

will stir himself up against

This is an idiom. AT: "will be distressed because of" or "will be very angry with" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 17:9-10

General Information:

Job continues to speak.

will keep to his way

This is an idiom. AT: "will continue to live in a righteous way" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

he who has clean hands

This speaks of a person being innocent as having clean hands. AT: "he who does what is right" or "he who is innocent" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

will grow stronger and stronger

This does not refer only to physical strength but also to the strength of a person's will and emotions.

you all

Job is speaking to Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar.

come on now

Job invites his friends to debate what he has said. AT: "come on now, argue with me again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 17:11-12

General Information:

Job continues to speak.

My days are past

This is an idiom. AT: "My time is past" or "My life is over" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

my plans are shattered, and so are the desires of my heart

Here Job's "heart" represents his inner being. AT: "my plans will never happen, nor will the things that I have desired most" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

These people, these mockers

These two phrases refer to the same people, namely Job's friends, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. The second phrase emphasizes their unfriendly attitude. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

change the night into day

This speaks of the people claiming that night is day as if they actually changed night into day. AT: "claim it is daytime when it is night" or "say the opposite of what is true, just as night is the opposite of day" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

light is near to darkness

It is implied that the mockers claim that it is light when it is close to dark. AT: "they claim that light is near to darkness" or "they claim that when it is becoming dark, that it is getting light" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 17:13-15

General Information:

Job continues to speak.

If the only home ... and if I have spread ... and if I have said

All instances of "if" here have the meaning of "since"; Job is speaking as if all these things were true. "Since the only home ... and since I have spread ... and since I have said" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

have spread my couch in the darkness

Here Job speaks of being prepared to die as having laid his bed in the darkness. AT: "have prepared myself to go and sleep among the dead" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

have spread my couch

"have made my bed"

I have said to the pit ... and to the worm

These two lines are a variation to each other and are used together to emphasize how desperate Job is. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

the pit

"the grave"

You are my father

Job speaks of the closeness he will soon have with his grave by comparing it to the closeness a man has with his father. AT: "You are as close to me as my father" or "When I am buried, you will be as close to me as a father" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the worm

"the maggot." Worms are the small creatures that eat dead bodies.

You are my mother or my sister

Job speaks of the closeness he will soon have with the worms in his grave by comparing it to the closeness a man has with his mother and sisters. AT: "You are as close to me as my mother or my sister" or "You will be as close to me as a mother or sister" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

where then is my hope?

The implicit answer is "nowhere," because he has no hope. This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. AT: "I have no hope." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

As for my hope, who can see any?

This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that that no one expects him to have any hope. This question can be written as a statement. AT: "No one can see any hope for me." or "No one expects me to have any more hope." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 17:16

Will hope go down with me ... dust?

The implicit answer is "no." This question can be written as a statement. AT: "Hope will not go down with me ... dust." or "I will no longer hope when I go down ... dust." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

gates of Sheol

Sheol does not really have gates, but it is a metaphor for Job entering Sheol. AT: "when I go into Sheol" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

when we

"when I and the things that I hope for" or "when I and my hopes." The word "we" refers to Job and his hope.

descend to the dust

This is an idiom. AT: "die and are buried" or "go to the grave" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 18

Job 18:intro-0

Job 18 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Bildad. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Bildad's advice

Bildad tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Bildad gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/curse.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]])

Job 18:1-2

Bildad continues speaking to Job.

Why are we regarded as beasts, stupid in your sight?

Bildad uses this rhetorical questions to emphasize to Job that he should not consider his friends as animals who cannot think or speak. It can be written as a statement in active form. AT: "We should not be regarded as beasts, as stupid in your sight." or "You should not regard us as beasts or think of us as stupid." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Why are we

The word "we" probably refers to Bildad and Job's other friends and so is exclusive. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])

regarded

Regarding, looking, is a metonym here for thinking well or badly of someone. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

in your sight

Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your judgment" or "in your thinking" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

your sight

The word "your" here is plural. Bildad is using sarcasm to tell Job that Job should not think of himself as a great man. AT: "your sight, you who wrongly think you are great" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

You who tear at yourself in your anger

Here Bildad is stating that it is because of Job's anger and disobedience that he has been injured, not because of God's anger as Job has previously claimed. The word "tear" here means to "injure." AT: "You who have caused your own injuries because of your anger" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

should the earth be forsaken for you or should the rocks be removed out of their places?

This rhetorical question suggests that letting Job, whom they consider a guilty man, go free would be like changing the whole world. Bildad uses these huge exaggerations here to emphasize how outrageous he thinks this is. This can be written as a statement. AT: "asking God to let you, a guilty man, go free is as silly as asking for God to forsake the earth for your sake or for God to move the rocks out of their places to please you!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

should the earth be forsaken

This can be stated in active form. AT: "should everyone leave the earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

should the rocks be removed out of their places

This can be stated in active form. The word "rocks" here refers to large rocks, such as those in the mountains. AT: "should God remove the rocks from their places" or "should God move mountains around" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 18:5-6

General Information:

Bildad continues speaking to Job.

Indeed, the light of the wicked person will be put out; the spark of his fire will not shine

Bildad speaks of a wicked person dying as if his lamp were being blown out. AT: "What will happen is that the lives of wicked people like you end as quickly as we can put out a light or extinguish the flame of a fire" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

will be put out

This can be stated in active form. AT: "will go out" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

The light will be dark in his tent; his lamp above him will be put out

Bildad continues to speak of the wicked person dying. He speaks of the wicked man's life as if it were the light in his tent. AT: It will be like the light in his tent has turned to darkness, like the lamp above him has gone out" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 18:7-8

General Information:

Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.

The steps of his strength will be made short

This speaks of the wicked person suddenly experiencing disaster as if he no longer had strength to walk. AT: "It will be like he no longer has the strength to walk" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

his own plans will cast him down

"his own advice makes him fall down." This speaks of the wicked person undergoing disaster as if he fell down. AT: "his own plans will lead him into disaster" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

For he will be thrown into a net by his own feet; he will walk into a pitfall

"His own feet will lead him into a net." Bildad uses this image to say that the way that a wicked person lives his life leads him to sudden disaster. AT: "It will be as though he led himself into a net, as if he walked right into a pitfall" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

a net

cords or ropes that people weave together to create a mesh. People used nets to catch animals.

a pitfall

a pit that has branches and leaves over it so that an animal will walk onto the branches and leaves and fall into the pit

translationWords

Job 18:9-11

General Information:

Bildad continues to speak and uses three parallel images to describe how suddenly the wicked person will experience disaster. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

A trap will take him ... a snare will ... A noose is ... and a trap for him in the way

These four phrases speak of the wicked man experiencing disaster as if he were caught in a trap. AT: "It will be as though a trap will take him ... a snare will ... A noose is ... and a trap for him in the way" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

A trap

People used this kind of trap to catch birds. The trap snapped shut and held on to the foot of the bird.

will take him by the heel

Here the "heel" refers to the whole foot. AT: "will take hold of his foot" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

A noose is hidden for him on the ground

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone has hidden a noose on the ground in order to catch him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

A noose

a rope with a loop that grabs hold of an animal's leg when the animal steps in the middle of the loop

a trap for him

The understood verbal phrase "is hidden" may be supplied. AT: "a trap is hidden on the path to catch him" or "someone will hide a trap to catch him in the way" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

Terrors will make him afraid on every side

"Terrors all around will make him afraid"

they will chase him at his heels

This speaks of the things that terrify the wicked person as if they were enemies who chased him. AT: "it will be as if the terrors will chase him all around" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 18:12-13

General Information:

Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.

His wealth will turn into hunger

This speaks of the wicked man becoming poor and hungry as if his wealth were something that turned into something else. AT: "Instead of being wealthy, he will become poor and hungry" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

calamity will be ready at his side

The phrase "ready at his side" is an idiom that means that something is continually present. AT: "he will continually experience disaster" or "he will not be able to avoid calamity" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

The parts of his body will be devoured

This can be stated in active form. Also, this speaks of a disease destroying his body as if it were an animal that had attacked him and was eating him. AT: "Disease will eat away at his skin" or "Disease will destroy his skin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the firstborn of death will devour his parts

Here a disease that kills many people is referred to as "the firstborn of death." This speaks of that disease destroying his body as if it were an animal that had attacked him and was eating him. AT: "a deadly disease will destroy the different parts of his body" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 18:14-15

General Information:

Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.

He is torn from the safety of his tent

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Disaster rips him out of his tent, where he is safe" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

marched off

This can be stated in active form. AT: "it marches him off" or "it forces him to go" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the king of terrors

This is a reference to "King Death," a pagan god who was believed to rule over death. AT: "the one who rules over the dead" or "the king of death" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

People not his own

"People who are not his family"

after they see that sulfur is scattered within his home

People used sulfur to get rid of any diseases from a dying person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "after they spread sulfur all over his home" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 18:16-17

General Information:

Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.

His roots will be dried up ... branch be cut off

This speaks of the wicked man dying and having no descendants as if he were a tree whose roots dried up and branches withered, producing no fruit. AT: "He will die and leave no descendants, he will be like a tree whose roots have dried up and whose branches have all withered" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

will his branch be cut off

This can be stated in active form. AT: "his branches will wither" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

His memory will perish from the earth; he will have no name in the street

These phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize the fact that nobody will remember him after he dies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

His memory will perish from the earth

This speaks of the "memory" of the wicked man as if it were a person who died. AT: "No one on the earth will remember him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he will have no name in the street

This is an idiom. AT: "no one walking along the street will even remember his name" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 18:18-20

General Information:

Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.

He will be driven from light into darkness ... and be chased out of this world

These phrases together emphasize the fact that the wicked person will be sent to Sheol, the place of the dead. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

He will be driven from light into darkness

This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will drive the wicked person from light into darkness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

from light into darkness

The word "light" refers to life, and the word "darkness" refers to death. AT: "from the light of life to the darkness of death" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

be chased out of this world

This speaks of God making him leave earth and go where dead people go as if he were chasing him. AT: "God will make him leave this world" or "God will send him to the place where dead people go" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

be chased out

This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will chase him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

He will have no son ... nor any remaining kinfolk where he had stayed

Together these two phrases emphasize that he will have no family or descendants left. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

son's son

"grandson" or "grandchild"

kinfolk

"relatives"

Those who live in the west ... those who live in the east will be frightened by it

The phrases "in the west" and "in the east" are together a merism that refers to all people living everywhere. This is an exaggeration as not everyone on the earth will hear about what happened to a specific wicked person. AT: "Everyone in the whole world will be horrified and frightened when they see what happens to the wicked person" or "Many people who live in the east and in the west will be horrified and frightened when they see what happens to the wicked person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

one day

"someday"

translationWords

Job 18:21

General Information:

Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.

the homes of unrighteous people, the places of those who do not know God

These two phrases have the same meaning and refer to the same people. Here these people are referred to by the places where they live. AT: "unrighteous people, those who do not know God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 19

Job 19:intro-0

Job 19 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Bildad.

Verses 25-27 are very important to this book. They show the great depth of Job's faith in Yahweh after his most difficult time. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/faith.md]])

Job 19:1-2

Connecting Statement:

Job speaks to his three friends.

General Information:

See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-poetry/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]]

How long will you make me suffer and break me into pieces with words?

Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. AT: "Stop making me suffer and breaking me into pieces with words." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

break me into pieces with words

Job uses this image to say that their words make him feel very sad and hopeless. AT: "torment me with your words" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 19:3-4

General Information:

Job continues to speak to his three friends.

These ten times you have reproached me

The phrase "These ten times" refers to the way that the friends have completely rebuked Job. AT: "You have completely reproached me" or "You have reproached me many times" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

you are not ashamed that you have treated me harshly

Job is rebuking them for this. This can be written in positive form. AT: "You should be ashamed that you have treated me so harshly"

have treated me harshly

"have despised me" or "have publicly ridiculed me"

have erred

"have sinned by accident" or "mistakenly sinned"

my error remains my own concern

Job implies that his friends are not responsible for continuing to rebuke him since he is the one who made the error. AT: "my error is my own responsibility, so you should not continue to rebuke me" or "my error did not hurt you, so you should not continue to rebuke me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

my error

"my sin" or "my mistake"

translationWords

Job 19:5-6

General Information:

Job continues to speak to his three friends.

If indeed you will exalt yourselves above me

"If you think you are better than I am" or "Since you act as though you are better than I am"

use my humiliation against me

How his friends would do this can be stated clearly. AT: "claim that my humiliation is proof against me" or "use my humiliation as evidence that I am guilty" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

use my humiliation against me

The abstract noun "humiliation" can be expressed with the verb "humiliate." AT: "claim that what has happened to humiliate me proves that I am guilty" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

has caught me in his net

Job speaks as if God were a hunter that has trapped Job in his net. This metaphor represents God taking control of Job and Job's feeling of helplessness. AT: "has trapped me" or "has taken control of me" or "has control of what happens to me, so that I am helpless" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 19:7-9

General Information:

Job continues to speak to his three friends.

See

The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed"

Violence!

This is a cry for help. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Violence! Help!" or "Help! I am being attacked!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

I call out for help

"I shout for help" or "I cry for help"

but there is no justice

The abstract noun "justice" can be translated with a phrase that makes the meaning clear. AT: "but no one protects me from those who do me wrong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

He has walled up ... darkness in my path

Job uses these images to describe how God has made him feel helpless and hopeless. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

He has walled up my way so that I cannot pass

"God has put a wall on the road that I am walking on" or "He has blocked the way so I cannot keep going"

He has stripped ... the crown from my head

Job uses these images to say that God has taken his good reputation, wealth, and dignity away from him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

He has stripped me of my glory

Job speaks of his glory as if it were a robe that God has taken away. AT: "He has taken away my glory" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he has taken the crown from my head

The crown refers to Job's dignity or honor. AT: "he has taken away my dignity and honor" or "it is as though he has taken my crown off my head" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 19:10-12

General Information:

Job continues to speak to his three friends.

He has broken me down on every side

Job speaks of God ruining him as if Job were building that God is smashing down. AT: "He has ruined me in every way" or "He has attacked me in every way" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I am gone

The metaphor "being gone" represents being completely destroyed. AT: "I am completely destroyed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he has pulled up my hope like a tree

Job speaks of God causing Job not to have hope as if Job's hope were a tree that God has pulled with its roots out of the ground. AT: "he has completely taken away all my hope" or "because of what he has done, I can no longer hope for anything good" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

like a tree

This simile is also an ellipsis. You may need to supply the omitted words. AT: "the way a man pulls a tree up by its roots" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

He has also kindled his wrath against me

Job speaks of God's wrath as if it were a fire. AT: "God has also lit a fire of anger against me" or "God has also become very angry with me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he regards me as one of his adversaries

"he thinks of me as an enemy"

His troops come on together

Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was a city and God was sending an army to attack it. AT: "God sends his army to attack me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they cast up siege mounds against me

Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was a city and God's army was piling up dirt against the city wall in order to climb over the wall and attack the city. AT: "the soldiers pile up dirt in order to climb over my wall" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

encamp around my tent

Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was in his tent and God's army was camping around him and preparing to attack him. AT: "they camp around my tent and prepare to attack me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 19:13-14

General Information:

Job continues to speak to his three friends.

He has put my brothers far from me

Being "far from" someone represents being unwilling to relate to him or help him. AT: "God has caused my brothers to stay away from me" or "God caused my brothers to refuse to help me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my acquaintances are wholly alienated from me

This can be stated in active form. AT: "my acquaintances have alienated themselves from me" or "my friends treat me like a stranger" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

My kinsfolk have failed me

"My relatives have left me without help"

my close friends

"my intimate friends"

have forgotten me

"have abandoned me" or "have neglected me." This means that they refuse to treat him according to how he and they had related to each other in the past. It implies that they abandoned him.

translationWords

Job 19:15-16

General Information:

Job continues to speak to his three friends.

regard me

"consider me"

I am an alien in their sight

Job describes how people now think of him as an outsider. Here sight represents judgement or evaluation. AT: "they think of me as a foreigner" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

but he gives me no answer

"but he does not respond to me" or "but he does not come to me." The answer is a response to Job's call.

although I entreat him with my mouth

The phrase "my mouth" is a metonym which refers to Job speaking. AT: "even though I speak to him and plead with him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

entreat him

"plead with him"

translationWords

Job 19:17-19

General Information:

Job continues to speak to his three friends.

My breath is offensive to my wife

Here "breath" represents the smell of his breath. If something is offensive to someone, it means that he hates it. AT: "My wife hates the smell of my breath" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

those who were born from my mother's womb

Job refers to his brothers and sisters this way to imply that they are people who should love him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "my own brothers who should love me" or "my brothers and sisters who should love me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

despise me

"hate me" or "detest me"

they speak against me

"they ridicule me" or "they make fun of me"

All my familiar friends

"All my closest friends" or "All of my friends with whom I shared my secrets." This refers to his closest friends.

abhor me

"think I am disgusting"

have turned against me

"have betrayed me"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/love.md]]

Job 19:20-22

The root of his troubles lies in him

The "root" represents the source. AT: "He is the source of all his troubles" or "He has all these troubles because of what he has done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

then be afraid of the sword

Possible meanings are that the sword represents 1) God judging them. AT: "then be afraid that God will judge you" or 2) God killing them. AT: "then be afraid that God will kill you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

because wrath brings the punishment of the sword

The abstract nouns "wrath" and "punishment" can be expressed with the adjective "angry" and the verb "punish." Possible meanings are that 1) God's anger results in punishment. AT: "because God will be angry with you and punish you" or 2) the anger of Job's friends results in punishment. AT: "because if you are so angry with me, God will punish you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

brings

"causes" or "results in"

there is a judgment

The abstract noun "judgment" can be expressed with the verb "judge." AT: "God judges people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 20

Job 20:intro-0

Job 20 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Zophar. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job. He claims that Job took advantage of the poor and is being punished for it.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Zophar's advice

Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/curse.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphors

There are many metaphors used in this chapter. Zophar uses them to explain the temporary nature of life and riches. He also uses them to describe God's punishment of Job. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Job 20:1-3

Job 20:15-16

General Information:

Zophar continues speaking to Job.

He swallows down riches ... cast them out of his stomach

Zophar speaks of gaining and losing wealth as if it were food that a person eats and vomits. AT: "The wicked person becomes very wealthy, but he loses his wealth like a person who vomits up his food. God causes him to lose it all" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

He swallows down riches

Possible meanings are that "swallows down riches" represents 1) accumulating riches and storing them selfishly. AT: "The wicked man gains much wealth and keeps it all for himself" or 2) accumulating riches in wicked ways. AT: "The wicked man steals many riches" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

God will cast them out of his stomach

Here "cast them out of his stomach" is a metonym for causing the man to vomit them. This is a metaphor for causing the man to lose his riches. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

cast

"throw"

He will suck the poison of asps

Here "suck the poison of asps" represents doing evil things. Both are very dangerous. AT: "Doing evil things is like sucking the poison of asps" or "He will do evil things and endanger his life like a person who sucks the poison of asps" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

asps

poisonous snakes

the viper's tongue will kill him

The viper is a poisonous snake. Its tongue represents its poisonous bite. AT: "the viper's poisonous bite will kill him" or "the viper will bite him and he will die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the viper's tongue will kill him

The viper represents the man's wickedness. AT: "his wickedness will kill him like a viper's bite" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 20:17-19

General Information:

Zophar continues speaking to Job.

the streams, the torrents of honey and butter

"Streams" and "torrents" are metaphors that represent abundance. "Honey" and "butter" are metonyms that represent the good things that God gives people. AT: "the abundance of good things that God gives his people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the fruit of his labor

Normally "the fruit of his labor" simply refers to the results of his labor. In this case it refers to the things the wicked man had stolen. AT: "the things he had worked to get" or "the things he had stolen" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

will not be able to eat it

Here "to eat" the fruit of his labor represents enjoying the things he had stolen. AT: "will not be able to enjoy them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 20:20-22

There is nothing left that he did not devour

This can be reworded with only one of the negatives. AT: "He devoured everything, and there is nothing left" or "There is nothing left because he devoured everything" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublenegatives/01.md]])

There is nothing left that he did not devour

Here "devour" represents taking things for himself. AT: "There is nothing left that he did not take for himself" or "He took everything for himself, and there is nothing left" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he will fall into trouble

"he will suddenly experience trouble"

the hand of everyone who is in poverty will come against him

Here "hand" represents power, and "hand ... will come against him" represents people attacking him. The abstract noun "poverty" can be expressed with the adjective "poor." AT: "everyone who is in poverty will attack him" or "everyone who is poor will attack him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 20:23-25

General Information:

Zophar continues speaking to Job.

to fill his stomach

Here "fill his stomach" is a metonym meaning eat a lot. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

God will throw the fierceness of his wrath on him

The "fierceness of his wrath" represents God's anger and punishment. Throwing the punishment on him represents punishing him severely. AT: "God will be angry and throw down his punishment on him" or "God will be angry and punish him severely" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

God will rain it down on him

"God will cause it to rain down on him." Here "rain it down on him" represents causing much punishment to happen to the man. AT: "God will punish him severely" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

will flee from the iron weapon

The iron weapon represents the person carrying it. AT: "will flee from the person carrying an iron weapon" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

a bow of bronze will shoot him

The bow represents the person who shoots an arrow with it. AT: "someone with a bronze bow will shoot him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

liver

This is a large and important part of the body. If someone shoots through it with an arrow, the person who is shot will die.

terrors come on him

This represents his suddenly becoming very afraid. AT: "he is terrified" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 20:26-27

Complete darkness is reserved for his treasures

"Complete darkness" here is a metaphor for destruction. AT: "Destruction is reserved for his treasures" or "His treasures will be destroyed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

a fire not fanned will devour him

Here "devour" is a metaphor meaning destroy. AT: "a fire that is not fanned will destroy him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

a fire not fanned will devour him

The phrase "not fanned" implies that no human will start the fire. Rather, God will cause the fire. AT: "a fire that is not started by humans will destroy him" or "God will cause a fire to destroy him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

it will consume

Here "consume" is a metaphor meaning destroy. AT: "the fire will destroy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

The heavens ... the earth

Possible meanings are: 1) those who live in the heavens and the earth or 2) Zophar is describing the heavens and the earth as if they are humans who will testify in court against the wicked person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 20:28-29

General Information:

This concludes Zophar's speech to Job.

vanish

"disappear" or "go away"

his goods will flow away on

Here "flow away" represents being taken away from him. AT: "his goods will be taken away from him, like goods that float away in a flood, on" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

his goods

"his possessions"

the day of God's wrath

Here "wrath" represents punishment. The abstract noun "wrath" can be expressed with the verb punish. AT: "the day when God punishes people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

This is the wicked man's portion from God

Here "portion from God" represents what God has decided should happen to someone. It is spoken of as if it were something that God would give him. AT: "This is what God has decided should happen to the wicked man" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the heritage reserved for him by God

This represents what God has decided should happen to someone. It is spoken of as if it were something that God would give him as an inheritance. AT: "what God has planned to give to him" or "what God has planned should happen to him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 21

Job 21:intro-0

Job 21 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Zophar. It is also a response to all three of his friends in general.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Ancestor's sin

In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person could be punished because of the sins of their fathers and ancestors. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While a father's sin may have consequences for their children, Yahweh does not punish people because of their father's sin. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/believe.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Rhetorical questions

Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's argument. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Job 21:1-3

translationWords

Job 21:10-12

they become like stubble before the wind or like chaff that the storm carries away

The death of the wicked is spoken of as if they were worthless less chaff and stubble that blows away. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God takes them away like the wind blows away the chaff" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 21:19-21

in bitterness of soul

Here sorrow is spoken of as if it tasted bitter, and "soul" refers to the whole man. AT: "with anger and resentment" or "after living a sad life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

has never experienced anything good

This can be stated in positive form. AT: "has experienced only bad things"

They lie down alike in the dust

This is a polite way to say that they died. AT: "They both die and people bury them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

the worms cover them both

Worms are associated with decay of dead bodies. AT: "the worms in the dirt eat their dead bodies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/soul.md]]

Job 22:intro-0

Job 22 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

# Repentance

Eliphaz tries to get Job to repent in this chapter. Eliphaz assumes that he is righteous, while assuming Job is not. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/repent.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/righteous.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Rhetorical questions

Job 22:1-3

Eliphaz the Temanite

See how you translated this man's name in Job 2:11. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Can a man be useful to God? Can a wise man be useful to him?

Both questions mean basically the same thing. Eliphaz uses questions to emphasize that a person's actions and wisdom do not benefit God. AT: "A man cannot be useful to God. A wise man cannot be useful to him." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Is it any pleasure to the Almighty if you are righteous? Is it gain to him if you make your ways blameless?

Both of these statements mean the same thing. Eliphaz uses questions to emphasize that Job's actions do not help God. AT: "The Almighty does not receive any pleasure if you are righteous. He does not gain anything if you make your ways blameless." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 22:4-5

Connecting Statement:

Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.

Is it because of your reverence for him that he rebukes you and takes you to judgment? Is not your wickedness great? Is there no end to your iniquities?

Eliphaz uses questions to scold Job and accuse him of committing terrible sins. AT: "It is certainly not because you have been devoted to him that God rebukes you and takes you to judgment! No, as you know, he judges you because your wickedness is great and you keep on sinning!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 22:6-8

the one with lowered eyes

Here "lowered eyes" refers to humility. AT: "the humble person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

He will rescue even the man who is not innocent; who will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands

Job being innocent is spoken of as if his hands were physically clean. The phrase "who will be rescued" can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will rescue even the person who is not innocent because you do what is right" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

He will rescue even the man who is not innocent; who will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands

Some versions of the Bible read, "He rescues the innocent person; so he will rescue you when your hands are clean"

translationWords

Job 23

Job 23:intro-0

Job 23 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Court

This chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job's "case," which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Job 23:1-2

Even today my complaint is bitter

Here "Even today" emphasizes that his friends arguments have not changed Job's situation at all. AT: "In spite of what you have said, my complaint is still bitter"

my complaint is bitter

Job speaks of his unanswered complaint against God as if it was a bitter taste in his mouth. AT: "my unanswered complaint is as bad as bitter food in my mouth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

my hand ... heavy because of my groaning

Possible meanings are 1) "I can barely lift my hand because of my groaning" or 2) "God's hand continues to make me suffer in spite of my groaning" where "hand" refers to God's power to punish. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 23:3-5

where he hides himself

Job speaks of God as if he is a person who hides.

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/works.md]]

Job 23:10-12

Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

he knows the way that I take

Job's actions are spoken of as if he is walking on a path. AT: "God knows what I do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will come out like gold

Job believes that the test will prove that he is as pure as refined gold. AT: "he will see that I am as pure as gold when anything not pure has been burned away" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

My foot has held fast to his steps

Here "My foot" refers to Job. AT: "I have followed the path he has shown me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

I have kept to his way

Job's obedience is spoken of as if he is walking in a path that God showed him. AT: "I have done what he told me to do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

turned not aside

This can be stated in positive form. AT: "followed it exactly"

I have not gone back from

This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I have always obeyed"

of his lips

This phrase refers to the message that God spoke. AT: "that he spoke" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the words of his mouth

Here God is represented by his "mouth." AT: "what he said" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 23:13-14

Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

But he is one of a kind, who can turn him back?

Job uses this question to emphasize that there is no one like God and no one can force him to change. AT: "But there is no one like him, and nobody can make him change his mind." or "But he alone is God, and no one can influence him." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

What he desires, he does

"He does whatever he wants to do"

he carries out his decree against me

"he is doing to me what he said he would do"

there are many like them

"he has many similar plans for me"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/decree.md]]

Job 23:15-17

Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

General Information:

Each of these verses has the form of a parallelism to emphasize the main point Job makes there. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

For God has made my heart weak; the Almighty has terrified me

These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Job is very afraid of God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

made my heart weak

A person whose heart is weak is a person who is timid or fearful. AT: "made me afraid" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

I have not been brought to an end by darkness

This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "The thick darkness in front of me has not made me silent" or 2) "Darkness has not stopped me" or "God has stopped me, not the darkness." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the gloom of my face

Here Job refers to himself by his "face." AT: "my sadness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 24

Job 24:intro-0

Job 24 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz. It is a continuation of the previous chapter.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Court

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Rhetorical questions

Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's argument. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Job 24:1

Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

Why are times for judging wicked people not set by the Almighty?

Job uses this question to express his frustration that God has not judged evil. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I do not understand why God does not set a time when he will judge wicked people." or "The Almighty should set a time when he will judge wicked people." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Why do not those who are faithful to God see his days of judgment come?

Job uses this question to express his frustration that the righteous have not seen God judge evil. AT: "It seems that those who obey him never get to see him judge the wicked." or "God should show the day he will judge the wicked to those who know him." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 24:2-4

they will be gathered up like all the others

Some translations are based on a different early text, which says "they wither and fade like weeds." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-textvariants/01.md]])

they will be gathered up like all the others

This can be stated in active form. What "the others" refers to can be stated clearly. AT: "God will gather them up as he gathered up the other wicked people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

they will be cut off like the tops of ears of grain

These wicked people will be cut off in the same way heads of grain are cut off during harvest. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will cut them off like a farmer cuts off the top of a stalk of grain" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

If it is not so, who can prove me to be a liar; who can make my speech worth nothing?

Job uses this question to express the certainty of his argument. The implicit answer is: "no one." AT: "This is true, and no one can prove that I am a liar; no one can prove me wrong." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

make my speech worth nothing

"prove what I say is wrong"

translationWords

Job 25

Job 25:intro-0

Job 25 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Bildad. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.

Special concepts in this chapter

# God's holiness and man's sin

Bildad describes the holiness of Yahweh and the universal nature of man's sinfulness. While his points are accurate, they are not convincing for Job because he has been righteous. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/holy.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/righteous.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Rhetorical questions

Job 25:1-3

Bildad the Shuhite

See how you translated this man's name in Job 2:11.

Dominion and fear are with him

Here "him" refers to God. The abstract nouns "dominion" and "fear" can be stated as verbs. AT: "God rules over all and people should fear only him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

he makes order in his high places of heaven

"he makes peace in the high heaven"

Is there any end to the number of his armies?

Bildad uses this question to emphasize how great God is. The implicit answer is "no." This refers to the armies of God's angels. AT: "There is no end to the number of angels in his army." or "His armies are so big that no one can count them." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Upon whom does his light not shine?

Bildad uses this question to emphasize that God gives light to every person. AT: "There is no one upon whom his light does not shine." or "God makes his light shine over everyone." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 25:4-6

Connecting Statement:

Bildad continues speaking.

How then can man ... God? How can he who is born ... him?

These two questions are used together to emphasize that it is impossible for a man to be good enough before God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

How then can man be righteous with God?

The implicit reaction is that he cannot. AT: "A man can never be righteous before God." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

How can he who is born ... acceptable to him?

The implicit reaction is that he cannot. AT: "He who is born of a woman cannot be clean or acceptable to him." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

he who is born of a woman

This idiom includes everyone. AT: "any person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

See

The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed"

the moon has no brightness to him

The abstract noun "brightness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "the moon is not bright enough for God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the stars are not pure in his sight

Here "pure" means "perfect." AT: "he does not think even the stars are perfect"

How much less man ... a son of man, who is a worm

These two lines say the same thing and are used together to emphasize that man is not perfect. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

who is a worm

Bildad states that human beings are as worthless as worms. AT: "who is as worthless as a worm" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

a son of man

This is another way of referring to a person. AT: "a person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 26

Job 26:intro-0

Job 26 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Bildad.

This chapter begins a section continuing through chapter 31.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's power

While Bildad describes Yahweh's power as being so much greater than Job's, Job understands the true extent of Yahweh's power. It is not just over Job's life, but over all of creation.

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

# Sarcasm

Job uses sarcasm in this chapter. This is the use of irony to insult Bildad. (See: Job 1-4 and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

Job 26:1-4

Rahab

This is the name of a frightening monster that lived in the sea. See how you translated this in Job 9:13. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 26:13-14

By his breath he made the skies clear

The noun "breath" can be translated with the verb "breathe" or "blow." This image represents God causing the wind to blow away the clouds. AT: "God blew away the clouds so that the skies were clear" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

his hand pierced the fleeing serpent

It is implied that God his holding a sword, and here "his hand" represents that sword. Also, "pierced" represents killing. AT: "With his sword he pierced the fleeing serpent" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the fleeing serpent

"the serpent as it was trying to escape from him." This refers to Rahab, the monster in the sea. See Job 26:12.

See, these are but the fringes of his ways

Here "fringes" represents a small part that we can see of something that is much bigger. AT: "See, these things that God has done show only a small part of his great power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

how small a whisper do we hear of him!

This is an exclamation that expresses Job's amazement of all the great things that God does that we do not even know about. Seeing what God does is spoken of as hearing God's voice. AT: "it is as if we heard only his quiet whisper!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclamations/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Who can understand the thunder of his power?

The "thunder of his power" represents God's greatness. Job uses this question to emphasize that God's power is so great that no one can understand it. AT: "The thunder displays the greatness of his power which no one can understand!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 27

Job 27:intro-0

Job 27 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Bildad.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Job's righteousness

Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Instead, he recognizes Yahweh's authority. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/curse.md]])

Job 27:1-3

As surely as God lives

This phrase shows that Job is taking an oath. Job compares the certainty that God is alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. AT: "I swear by God"

has taken away my justice

Justice is spoken of as if it were an object that could be taken away or given. Taking it away represents refusing to treat Job with justice. AT: "has refused to treat me justly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

made my life bitter

Job's "life" being bitter represents Job feeling resentful toward God. AT: "has caused me to become resentful" or "has made me feel angry because of the unfair way he has treated me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

while my life is yet in me

This refers to the duration of the rest of his life. AT: "during the whole time that my life is yet in me" or "as long as my life is yet in me"

while my life is yet in me

The abstract noun "life" can be expressed with the adjective "alive" or the verb "live." AT: "as long as I am still alive" or "while I still live" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the breath from God is in my nostrils

"Breath ... in my nostrils" represents being able to breathe. "Breath from God" represents God making him able to breathe. AT: "God enables me to breathe" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

nostrils

"nose"

translationWords

Job 27:4-5

My lips will not speak wickedness, neither will my tongue speak deceit

These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that he will not speak in such ways. The phrases "My lips" and "my tongue" represent Job himself. AT: "I will not speak wickedness or deceit" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

speak wickedness ... speak deceit

The abstract nouns "wickedness" and "deceit" can be expressed with "wickedly" and "deceitfully." AT: "speak wickedly ... speak deceitfully" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

I will never admit that you three are right

"I will never agree with you and say that you three are right"

that you three are right

The word "you" here is plural. It refers to Job's friends. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

I will never deny my integrity

"I will never say that I am not innocent" or "I will always say that I am innocent"

translationWords

Job 27:6-7

I hold fast to my righteousness

Here "hold fast" is a metaphor that represents being determined to continue to say something. The abstract noun "righteousness" can be expressed with "righteous." AT: "I am determined to continue saying that I am righteous" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

will not let it go

Here "will not let it go" is a metaphor that represents not stopping saying something. AT: "will not stop saying that I am righteous" or "will not stop saying so" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my thoughts will not reproach me

Here the phrase "my thoughts" represents Job. AT: "even in my thoughts, I will not reproach myself" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Let my enemy be ... let him who rises up against me be

The two clauses that start with these words share the same meaning. They are used together to emphasize Job's strong desire that this should happen. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Let my enemy be like a wicked man

How he wants his enemy to be like a wicked person can be stated clearly. AT: "Let my enemy be punished like a wicked man" or "Let God punish my enemy as he punishes wicked people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

let him who rises up against me be like an unrighteous man

How he wants this person to be like an unrighteous man can be stated clearly. AT: "let him who rises up against me be punished like an unrighteous man" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

him who rises up against me

Here "rises up against me" is a metaphor meaning "opposes me." The whole phrase refers to Job's adversary. AT: "him who opposes me" or "my adversary" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 27:8-10

For what is the hope of a godless man when ... when God takes away his life?

Job uses this question to say that such a man has no hope. This question can be translated as a simple statement. AT: "There is no hope for the godless when God ... takes away his soul." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

when God cuts him off, when God takes away his life

These two phrases have the same meaning. AT: "when God cuts him off and takes away his life" or "when God causes him to die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

cuts him off

This is a metaphor meaning "kills him" or "causes him to die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

takes away his life

This is a metaphor meaning "kills him" or "makes him stop living" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Will God hear his cry when trouble comes upon him?

Job uses this question to say that God will not help that person. This question can be translated as a simple statement. AT: "God will not hear his cry when trouble comes upon him." or "When trouble comes upon him and he cries out for help, God will not hear him." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Will God hear his cry

Here "hear his cry" represents responding to the godless man's cry and helping him. AT: "Will God respond to his cry" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Will he delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times?

Job uses this question to say that the godless man will not do these things. This question can be translated as a simple statement. AT: "He will not delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times." or "He will not be happy about what the Almighty does and he will not pray to God often." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 27:11-12

I will teach you

Each occurrence of "you" in these verses is plural and refers to Job's three friends. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

the hand of God

God's "hand" represents his power. AT: "the power of God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I will not conceal the thoughts of the Almighty

The abstract noun "thoughts" can be expressed with the verb "think." AT: I will not hide from you what the Almighty thinks" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

why then have you spoken all this nonsense?

Job uses this question to rebuke his friends for saying such foolish things. This question can be translated as a simple statement. AT: "you should not have spoken so foolishly!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 27:13-14

This is the portion of a wicked man with God

"This is what God has planned for the wicked man"

the heritage of the oppressor that he receives from the Almighty

Here "the heritage of the oppressor" is a metaphor representing what will happen to the oppressor. What God will do to him is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that God will give him. AT: "what the Almighty will do to the oppressor" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

it is for the sword

Here "the sword" represents dying in battle. AT: "they will die in battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 27:15-17

Those who survive him

This refers to the wicked man's children. This can be stated clearly. AT: "Those who continue to live after their wicked father dies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

will be buried by plague

Here "be buried" represents dying. AT: "will die by plague" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

their widows ... them

The words "their" and "them" refer to "Those who survive him," that is, the children of the wicked man.

heaps up silver like the dust

Here "heaps up" is a metonym meaning "gathers much." Job speaks as if the silver were as easy to get as dust. AT: "gathers large piles of silver" or "gathers silver as easily as he could gather dust" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

heaps up clothing like clay

Here "heaps up" is a metonym meaning "gathers much." Job speaks as if the clothing were as easy to get as clay. AT: "gathers large piles of clothing" or "gathers clothing as easily as he could gather clay" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 27:18-19

He builds his house like a spider

After "spider," the phrase "builds its web" is understood information. It can be made clear. AT: "He builds his house as a spider builds its web" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

He builds his house like a spider

A spider web is fragile and easily destroyed. AT: "He builds his house as fragile as a spider builds its web" or "He builds his house as fragile as a spider's web" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

like a hut

A hut is a temporary house that is also not very strong. AT: "like a temporary hut" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

He lies down in bed rich

"He is wealthy when he lies down in bed." This refers to his lying down in bed at night and sleeping.

but he will not keep doing so

"but he will not keep lying down in bed rich" or "but he will not continue to be wealthy when he lies down in bed"

he opens his eyes

Opening his eyes represents waking up in the morning. AT: "he wakes up" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

everything is gone

"all of his riches are gone" or "everything has vanished"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/house.md]]

Job 27:20-21

Terrors overtake him

Here "overtake him" represents suddenly happening to him. Possible meanings are that "terrors" is a metonym for 1) things that cause people to be afraid. AT: "Terrifying things suddenly happen to him" or 2) fear. AT: "He suddenly becomes terrified"

like waters

The word "waters" refers to a flood. Floods can happen very suddenly when people do not expect them, and they are dangerous and frightening. AT: "like a flood" or "like waters that rise up suddenly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

a storm takes him away

"a violent wind blows him away"

it sweeps him out of his place

Job speaks of the wind blowing the wicked man out of his house as if the wind were a person sweeping dust out of a house with a broom. AT: "the wind sweeps him out of his place like a woman who sweeps dirt out of a house" or "the wind easily blows him out of his place" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

his place

"his home"

translationWords

Job 27:22-23

General Information:

In verses 22-23 Job speaks of the wind as if it were a person attacking the wicked person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

It throws itself at him

Here the phrase "throws itself at him" represents the wind blowing strong against him like an attacker. AT: "It blows strong against him like someone attacking him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

he tries to flee out of its hand

Here "hand" represents the power or control that the wind has over the wicked man. AT: "he tries to flee out of its control" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

It claps its hands at him in mockery

Clapping the hands is a way of mocking someone. Here it represents the wind making loud noises. AT: "It makes loud noises like someone clapping his hands to mock him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

it hisses him out of his place

The wind makes a noise as it blows him out of his place. It sounds like the hissing sound that people make to mock someone. AT: "it makes a hissing noise as it causes him to leave his home" or "it blows him out of his place and makes a hissing noise like someone who hisses at him to mock him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 28

Job 28:intro-0

Job 28 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Bildad.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's wisdom

Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Instead, he recognizes Yahweh's wisdom and authority. This chapter especially focuses on Yahweh's wisdom as he controls the circumstances of Job's life. Men cannot understand because they do not have Yahweh's wisdom. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/curse.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]])

a bird that eats other animals

falcon

This may also be translated "hawk." Both are birds that hunt and eat other animals. You may translate this with a similar bird from your culture.

The proud animals have not walked such a path ... nor has the fierce lion passed there

These clauses also express similar meaning. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

The proud animals

This refers to very strong, wild animals.

translationWords

Job 28:9-11

lays his hand on the flinty rock

This represents breaking up the rock. AT: "digs into the flinty rock" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

flinty rock

"hard rock"

he overturns mountains by their roots

Digging up the mountains and the ground underneath them is a metaphor from digging out weeds or trees, an exaggeration that represents digging minerals out of the ground. AT: "he turns the mountains upside down by pulling out their roots" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

his eye sees

Here "his eye" represents him. AT: "he sees" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

He ties up the streams so they do not run

Here "ties up the streams" means damming or blocking the streams. AT: "He blocks the streams so they do not flow" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

what is hidden there

This refers to things that people normally do not see because they are in the ground or underwater.

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/light.md]]

Job 28:12-14

General Information:

In 28:12-28, wisdom and understanding are spoken of as if they were precious objects that are in some place and people want to find them. Finding wisdom and understanding represents becoming wise and learning to understand things well. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding?

These questions mean the same thing and are used to show that it is very difficult to find wisdom and understanding. AT: "It is very difficult to find wisdom and understanding." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding

Becoming wise and understanding is spoken of as finding wisdom and understanding. AT: "How do people become wise? How do people learn to understand things well" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Man does not know its price

Possible meanings are 1) wisdom is spoken of as if it were something that people can buy. AT: "People do not know what it is worth" or 2) the word translated as "price" means "place." AT: "People do not know where it is" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

neither is it found in the land of the living

"and it is not found in the land of the living." The "land of the living" refers to this world where people live. This can be stated in active form. AT: "and no one can find wisdom in this world" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

The deep waters ... say, 'It is not in me'; the sea says, 'It is not with me.'

The deep waters and the sea are presented as if they are people that can speak. AT: "Wisdom is not in the deep waters under the earth, nor is it in the sea" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 28:15-17

It cannot be gotten for gold

This can be stated in active form. This implies that wisdom is worth much more than gold. AT: "People cannot pay for wisdom with gold" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

neither can silver be weighed as its price

This implies that wisdom is worth much more than silver. It can be stated in active form. AT: "and people cannot weigh out enough silver to pay for wisdom" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

It cannot be valued with ... sapphire

This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than the gold of Ophir, precious onyx and sapphire. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ophir

This is the name of a land where there was fine gold. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

onyx

a valuable black gemstone

sapphire

a valuable blue gemstone

Gold and crystal cannot equal it in worth

This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than gold and crystal.

crystal

a valuable gemstone that is clear or lightly colored

neither can it be exchanged for jewels of fine gold

"and it cannot be exchanged for jewels of fine gold." This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than jewels of fine gold.

exchanged

"traded"

translationWords

Job 28:18-19

No mention is worth making of coral or jasper

"It is not worth making mention of coral and jasper." This implies that wisdom is worth so much more than coral and jasper that there is no need for Job to say anything about them. AT: "I will not bother to mention coral or jasper" or "Coral and jasper are worthless compared to wisdom" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

coral

This is a beautiful, hard substance that grows on ocean reefs. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]])

jasper ... rubies ... topaz

These are valuable gemstones.

The topaz of Cush does not equal it

This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than the finest topaz.

neither can it be valued in terms of pure gold

"and wisdom cannot be valued in terms of pure gold." This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than pure gold.

translationWords

Job 28:20-22

From where, then, comes wisdom? Where is the place of understanding?

Job uses these questions to introduce how people get wisdom and understanding. AT: "I will tell you where wisdom comes from and where understanding is." or "I will tell you how to become wise and how to learn to understand things." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

From where, then, comes wisdom

Wisdom is spoken of as if it were in a place and comes to people. Its coming represents people becoming wise. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Where is the place of understanding

Understanding is spoken of as if it were in a place. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Wisdom is hidden from the eyes of all living things

This means that living things are unable to see wisdom. It can be expressed in active form. AT: "No living thing can see wisdom" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

is kept hidden from the birds of the heavens

This means that the birds are unable to see wisdom. This can be expressed in active form. AT: "even the birds that fly in the skies cannot see wisdom" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Destruction and Death say

Here "Destruction" and "Death" are spoken of as if they are living things who can speak. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 28:23-25

God understands the way to it; he knows its place

Wisdom is spoken of as if it were in a certain place. AT: "God knows how to find wisdom. He knows where it is" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the very ends of the earth

"the farthest places on the earth"

parceled out the waters by measure

This describes God deciding how much water should be in each place. Possible meanings are that this refers to deciding 1) how much rain should be in each cloud or 2) how much water should be in each sea. AT: "decided how much water should be in each place" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Job 28:26-28

a path for the thunder

"he decided how the thunder can be heard" or "he decided the path of the thunderstorm"

See, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom

The abstract noun "fear" can be expressed with the verbs "fear" or "respect." The abstract noun "wisdom" can be expressed with the word "wise." AT: "Listen, if you fear the Lord, you will be wise" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

to depart from evil is understanding

Here "depart from evil" means refusing to do evil things. The abstract noun "understanding" can be expressed with the verb "understand." AT: "if you refuse to do evil, then you will understand many things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 29

Job 29:intro-0

Job 29 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh.

In this chapter, Job recalls the days before Yahweh's blessings were taken from him. This is only one part of Job's argument that continues for the next 3 chapters.

Job 29:1-3

Oh, that I were as I was in the past months

Job uses this exclamation to express a wish. AT: "I wish that I were as I was in past months" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclamations/01.md]])

when his lamp shined on my head

God's lamp shining on Job represents God blessing Job. AT: "when God's blessing was like a lamp shining its light on my head" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

when I walked through darkness by his light

Walking through darkness represents experiencing difficult situations. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 29:4-6

in the ripeness of my days

Job speaks of when he was young and strong as if his days were the time when the harvest is ripe. AT: "when I was young and strong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

when the friendship of God was on my tent

The abstract noun "friendship" can be expressed with the noun "friend." The word "tent" represents Job's home. AT: "when God was my friend and protected my home" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

when my way was covered with cream

"when my path was flowing with cream." Job uses this exaggeration to express that he had many cows and they produced much more cream than he and his family needed. AT: "when my cows provided an abundance of cream" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

and the rock poured out for me streams of oil

"and the rock poured out streams of oil for me." Job uses this exaggeration to express that he had many olive vines and great amounts of olive oil. The rock is where his servants pressed the oil out of the olives. AT: "when my servants pressed out a great amount of olive oil" or "when oil flowed like streams from the pressing rock" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 29:7-8

city square

This is an open area in a village or city where two or more streets meet.

rose and stood for me

This is a symbol of respect. It can be stated clearly. AT: "rose and stood respectfully for me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/gate.md]]

Job speaks of unrighteous people who persecute others as if they were wild animals that attack their victims by picking them up between their teeth. AT: "I made unrighteous people stop persecuting people, like someone who breaks the jaw of a wild animal and rescues its victim from between its teeth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will die in my nest

Here "nest" represents Job's home and family. Job used to speak as if he were a bird that lived in a nest with his baby birds. AT: "I will die at home with my family" or "I will die in the safety of my home" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will multiply my days like the grains of sand

There are more grains of sand on the shore than anyone can count. To say that he would live more days than anyone could count is an exaggeration to express that he would live a very long time. AT: "I will live a very long time" or "I will live many years" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

My roots ... my branches

Job used to speak of his strength as if he were strong like a well-watered tree. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 29:20-22

The honor in me is always fresh

The abstract noun "honor" can be expressed with the verb "honor." Here "fresh" represents the honor being constantly given. AT: "People constantly give me honor" or "People always honor me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the bow of my strength is always new in my hand

A new bow is very strong. Job's bow of strength in his hand represents his physical strength. AT: "I am always strong like a new bow" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my speech dropped like water on them

Here "dropped like water on them" represents refreshing the people who heard him. The abstract noun "speech" can be translated with the verb "speak" or "say." AT: "my speech refreshed their hearts as drops of water refresh people's bodies" or "what I said to them refreshed them like drops of water" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 29:23-24

They always waited for me as they waited for rain

People waited for Job patiently and expected to hear good things. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

they opened their mouth wide to drink in my words

This represents waiting eagerly for Job to speak in order to benefit from what said. AT: "they eagerly waited for me to speak in order to benefit from what I said" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

as they would do for the latter rain

"as farmers wait eagerly for the latter rain"

the latter rain

This refers to the large amount of rain that falls just before the dry season.

I smiled on them

It can be stated clearly that the purpose of smiling was to encourage them. AT: "I smiled on them to encourage them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the light of my face

This represents the kindness they saw in Job's face. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 29:25

I selected their way

Here "selected their way" represents deciding what they should do. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

sat as their chief

Here "sat" represents ruling or leading. Chiefs sat down when they made important decisions. AT: "led them as their chief" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

sat as their chief

Job was their chief. AT: "led them because I was their chief" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I lived like a king in his army

Job speaks of how he led the people and how they obeyed him as if he were a king and they were his army. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

like one who comforts mourners

This phrase means that Job actually was one who comforted people. AT: "I comforted them when they mourned" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 30

Job 30:intro-0

Job 30 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh.

In this chapter, Job laments his current condition as others insult him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/lament.md]])

Job 30:1-3

have nothing but mockery for me

The abstract noun "mockery" can be expressed with the verb "mock." AT: "only mock me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

whose fathers I would have refused to allow to work beside the dogs of my flock

This shows how much he despised those fathers. They were not even good enough to be with his dogs. AT: "whose fathers I despised and would not have allowed to work beside the dogs of my flock" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the dogs of my flock

The dogs' relationship to the flock can be stated clearly. AT: "the dogs that guarded my flock" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Indeed, the strength of their fathers' hands, how could it have helped me ... perished?

Job uses this question to mock the weakness of those men. AT: "The strength of their fathers' hands could not have helped me ... perished." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

men in whom the strength of their mature age had perished

Their strength perishing is a metaphor that represents no longer being strong but weak. The phrase "mature age" refers to them being old. AT: "men who had become old and had no strength" or "men who had become old and weak" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

They were thin from poverty and hunger

The word "They" refers to the fathers of the young mockers.

They were thin from poverty and hunger

The abstract noun "poverty" can be expressed with the word "poor." The abstract noun "hunger" can be expressed with the words "hungry" or "starving." AT: "They were very thin because they were poor and starving" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

they gnawed at the dry ground

Possible meanings are that 1) "dry ground" is a metonym for the dry roots that grow in the ground. AT: "they chewed on the dry roots they found in the ground" or 2) "gnawed at the dried ground" is a metonym for eating whatever they could find in the dry ground. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 30:4-6

Connecting Statement:

Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers.

saltwort ... bushes' leaves ... the roots of the broom tree

These are plants that people would eat only if they could find nothing better.

the roots of the broom tree were their food

Possible meanings are 1) the people ate the roots of the broom tree or 2) the people warmed themselves by burning the roots of broom trees.

They were driven out from among people who shouted after them as ... a thief

The phrase "were driven out" means "were forced to leave." These phrases can be reordered and stated in active form. AT: "The people shouted after them as ... a thief and forced them to leave" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

shouted after them as one would shout after a thief

"shouted at them as though they were thieves"

translationWords

Job 30:7-8

Connecting Statement:

Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers.

brayed like donkeys

Job speaks of the men crying out in hunger as if they were wild donkeys making a loud noise. AT: "cried out like wild donkeys because they were hungry" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

they gathered together under the nettles

"Nettles" are bushes with sharp thorns. This implies that they did not have a home.

They were the sons of fools

Here "were the sons of fools" represents having the characteristics fools. AT: "They were like fools" or "they were fools" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

indeed, sons of nameless people

The word "indeed" shows that what follows strengthens the previous thought. Here "sons of nameless people" represents having the characteristics of nameless people. AT: "indeed, they were nameless people" or "indeed, they were worthless" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

nameless people

Here being "nameless" represents having no honor or respect. It means that they are worthless. AT: "worthless people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

They were driven out of the land with whips

This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) the idea of whips implies that they were being treated like criminals. AT: "People treated them like criminals and forced them to leave the land" or 2) people actually used whips to force them out. AT: "People whipped them and forced them to leave the land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

They were driven out of the land

Here "the land" refers to the land where they lived before they were forced to go out to the wilderness.

translationWords

Job 30:9-11

Connecting Statement:

Job speaks again about the people who were mocking him.

But now, for their sons I have become their subject for a song of mockery

The abstract nouns "song" and "mockery" can be expressed with the verbs "sing" and "mock. AT: "But now their sons sing songs about me to mock me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

I am now a joke to them

Here "joke" represents a person whom people make cruel jokes about. AT: "I am now one whom they make cruel jokes about" or "They joke and say cruel things about me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

they do not refrain from spitting in my face

This can be stated positively. AT: "they even spit in my face" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

God has unstrung the string to my bow

A bow that is unstrung is not useful. The phrase "has unstrung the string of my bow" is a metaphor for making Job powerless. AT: "God has taken away my power to defend myself" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

those who taunt me

"those who mock me"

cast off restraint before my face

A restraint keeps a person from moving freely and doing what he wants. Here "restraint" represents refraining from doing something, and "cast off restraint" represents not refraining from doing something. In this case the mockers did not refrain from being cruel to Job. AT: "do not refrain from being cruel to me" or "do whatever cruel things they want to do to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 30:12-13

Connecting Statement:

Job continues to speak about the people who were mocking him.

General Information:

Job speaks about the mockers treating him cruelly as if they were a mob and an army attacking him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Upon my right hand rise the rabble

"the rabble rise upon my right hand." Possible meanings are 1) rising upon Job's right hand represents attacking his strength. AT: "Gangs of young people attack my strength" or 2) rising upon Job's right hand represents attacking his honor. AT: "Mobs attack my honor" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they drive me away

"they force me to run away"

pile up against me their siege mounds

Armies would pile up mounds of dirt along a city's wall in order to climb over the wall and attack the city. Job speaks of the mockers preparing to attack him as if they were doing that. AT: "prepare to attack me like an army that prepares to attack a city" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

They destroy my path

This represents keeping Job from escaping their attack. AT: "They prevent me from escaping from them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they push forward disaster for me

Here "push forward disaster" represents trying to make disaster happen. AT: "they try to make disaster happen to me" or "they try to destroy me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

men who have no one to hold them back

Here "hold them back" represents stopping them from doing something. AT: "men who have no one to stop them from attacking me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 30:14-15

Connecting Statement:

Job continues to speak about the people who were mocking him.

General Information:

Job speaks about the mockers treating him cruelly as if they were an army attacking him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

They come against me like an army through a wide hole in a city wall

This represents attacking Job forcefully. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

they roll themselves in on me

This represents many coming to attack him at once, like giant ocean waves rolling in on him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Terrors are turned upon me

Possible meanings are 1) Job has become terrified or 2) things are happening to Job that make him afraid. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my honor is driven away as if by the wind

Job speaks of suddenly having no honor as if the wind had blown it from him. AT: "Nobody honors me" or "I am now a person that people do not honor" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

my prosperity passes away as a cloud

Job speaks of his prosperity ending as if it were a cloud that was blown away. Here "prosperity" may refer to well-being or safety. AT: "I no longer prosper at all" or "I am no longer safe" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 30:16-17

Now my life is pouring out from within me

Job speaks as if his life were a liquid and his body were a container. He feels he is about to die. AT: "Now I am dying" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

many days of suffering have laid hold on me

Job speaks of his continuous suffering as if the days of suffering have grabbed hold of him. AT: "I suffer many days, and the suffering does not end" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

my bones in me are pierced

Job speaks of the pain in his bones as if his bones were being pierced. AT: "my bones ache terribly" or "I have sharp pain in my bones" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the pains that gnaw at me take no rest

Job speaks of his constant pain as if it were alive and biting him and refuses to rest. AT: "the pains that cause me to suffer do not stop" or "I am in constant pain" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 30:18-19

God's great force has seized my clothing

Job speaks of God using his force as if God's force were actually doing something. Here "God's ... force" stands for "God." AT: "God has seized my clothing by his great force" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

God's great force has seized my clothing

The image of God's force seizing Job is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) it represents Job's pain. AT: "My pain feels like God has grabbed my clothing tightly" or 2) it represents God's causing Job's many problems. AT: "It is as though by his great force God has grabbed me by my clothes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

it wraps around me like the collar of my tunic

The image of God's force wrapping around Job is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) it represents Job's pain. AT: "he wraps the collar of my tunic tightly around me" or 2) it represents God's causing Job's many problems. AT: "It is as though he grabs me by the collar of my tunic" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

He has thrown me into the mud

Job says that God has humiliated him. AT: "It is as though he has thrown me in the mud" or "He has humiliated me, like a person thrown in the mud" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I have become like dust and ashes

This represents Job's feeling of being worthless. AT: "I have become as worthless as dust and ashes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/seize.md]]

Here "living in the dark" is a metaphor that represents being extremely sad. The phrase "but not because of the sun" clarifies that "living in the dark" is a metaphor, that is, the darkness is not caused by the sun being hidden. AT: "like one who is terribly sad" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

a brother to jackals, a companion of ostriches

Being a brother to these animals is a metaphor for being like them. AT: "I am like jackals and ostriches that cry out in the wilderness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 30:30-31

my bones are burned with heat

Here "bones" refers to the whole body, which suffers from fever. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

my harp is tuned for songs of mourning

Here "my harp" represents Job himself, and also represents his desire to sing only songs of mourning. AT: "I play only songs of mourning on my harp" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

my flute for the singing of those who wail

Here "my flute" represents Job himself, and also his desire to sing only songs of crying. AT: "I play only songs of wailing on my flute" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

wail

To wail is to cry very loudly because of terrible sadness or pain.

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/harp.md]]

Job 31

Job 31:intro-0

Job 31 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement and it is directly addressed to Yahweh.

In this chapter, Job presents his case to Yahweh that he is upright and not guilty of the sins he is being accused of. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/upright.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/guilt.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]])

Job 31:1-2

General Information:

Job continues speaking.

I have made a covenant with my eyes

Job speaks of making a promise about what he would look at as though his eyes were a person and he made a covenant with them. AT: "I have made a firm promise about what I will look at" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

I have made a covenant with my eyes

What job promised can be stated clearly. AT: "I made a promise that I will not look lustfully on a virgin" or "I promised that I will not look lustfully on a virgin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

how then should I look with desire on a virgin?

Job uses this question to emphasize that he would never break his promise. AT: "So I certainly will not look with lust at a virgin." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high?

Job speaks of God's response to people's behavior as if it were the portion of an inheritance that God gives. AT: "For how will God above respond to me? What will the Almighty on high do?" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high?

Possible meanings are Job uses this question to emphasize 1) that God will not bless bad behavior. AT: "For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will not bless me." or 2) that God will punish bad behavior. AT: "For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will certainly punish me." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 31:3-4

General Information:

Job continues speaking.

Does not God see my ways and count all my steps?

Here "my ways" and "my steps" are metaphors for Job's behavior. Here "see my ways" and "count all my steps" are metaphors for knowing everything Job does. Job uses this question to emphasize that God does know all he does. AT: "Certainly God watches me and knows everything that I do." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Does not God see my ways and count all my steps?

Job may be implying that God should know that Job is righteous and does not deserve calamity and disaster. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 31:5-6

General Information:

Job continues speaking.

If I have

In 31:5-40 Job describes different situations in which he would deserve God's punishment. But, he knows that they are not true and he is innocent. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

walked with falsehood, if my foot has hurried to deceit

Here "walked" and "hurried" are metaphors that represent how Job lived. AT: "done anything false or purposely deceived anyone" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

let me be weighed in an even balance

People used balances to weigh items and to determine their value. This image represents judging honestly. It can be stated in active form. AT: "let me be judged honestly" or "let God judge me honestly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 31:7-8

General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

If my step has turned aside from the way

Here "my step" is a metaphor for Job's behavior, and "turned out of the right way" is a metaphor for changing from living right. AT: "If I have changed from living right" or "If I have stopped doing what is right" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

if my heart has gone after my eyes

Here "my heart" and "my eyes" are metonyms for what Job desires and sees. The heart going after the eyes is a metaphor for desiring to do what he sees. It is implied that this refers to sinful things that Job sees. AT: "if I have have wanted to do any sinful things that I see" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

if any spot has stuck to my hands

This is a metaphor for being guilty. AT: "if I am guilty of any sin at all" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

then let me sow, and let another eat, and let my crops be uprooted

Job is saying that if he really has sinned, then this bad thing should happen to him. He would do the hard work of sowing his fields, but he would not be able to eat any of it.

let my crops be uprooted

This can be stated in active form. AT: "let someone else come and take the harvest from my field" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 31:9-10

General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

If my heart has been deceived by a woman

Here "my heart" represents Job. Here the word "deceived" expresses the idea of "enticed." The word "woman" expresses the idea of "another man's wife." This can be stated in active form. AT: "If another man's wife has enticed me" or "If I have desired another man's wife" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

if I have lain in wait at my neighbor's door

It can be stated clearly why he was waiting at his neighbor's door. AT: "if I have waited at my neighbor's door so I could sleep with his wife" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

I have guided his mother, a widow, from my own mother's womb

Job is describing how he truly treated widows. With the phrase "from my own mother's womb" he uses exaggeration to emphasize that he did this all his life. AT: "all my life I have guided the orphan's mother, a widow" or "all my life I have guided widows" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/womb.md]]

Job 31:19-21

General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

if his heart has not blessed me

The phrase "his heart" represents the poor man who needs clothing. AT: "if he has not blessed me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

because he has not been warmed with the wool of my sheep

Here "the wool of my sheep" represents blankets or clothing made from the wool of Job's sheep. This can be stated in active form. AT: "because the wool of my sheep has not warmed him" or "because I have not given him clothing made from the wool of my sheep" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

if I have lifted up my hand against fatherless people

Lifting up the hand against someone represents threatening to harm him. AT: "if I have threatened to harm fatherless people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I saw my support in the city gate

Here "saw" is a metaphor for "knew," "support" is a metaphor for "approval," and "the city gate" is a metonym for the leaders who sit at the city gate. AT: "I knew that the leaders at the city gate would approve of me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

in the city gate

This is where the important men of the city would gather to make decisions.

then bring charges against me

This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence.

translationWords

Job 31:22-23

then let my shoulder fall from the shoulder blade, and let my arm be broken from its joint

This can be stated in active form. AT: "then let someone tear off my shoulder from the shoulder blade and break my arm from its joint" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

For I dreaded ... his majesty

This is the reason that Job did not do any of the wicked things he spoke of in verses 7 through 21.

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/majesty.md]]

Job 31:24-25

General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

If I have made gold my hope

The abstract noun "hope" can be translated with the verbs "trust" or "hope." AT: "If I trusted in gold" or "If I hoped that having a lot of gold would make me secure" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

if I have said to fine gold, 'You are what I am confident in'

This line means the same as the previous line. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

my hand had gotten many possessions

Here "my hand" represents Job's ability to do things. AT: "I have gained many possessions by my own ability" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

then bring charges against me

This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence.

translationWords

Job 31:26-28

General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

the moon walking

Here "walking" represents moving slowly. AT: "the moon moving across the sky" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

the moon walking in its brightness

The abstract noun "brightness" can be expressed with the words "bright" or "brightly." AT: "the bright moon moving across the sky" or "the moon moving brightly across the sky" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

if my heart has been secretly attracted

Here "my heart" represents Job. This phrase can be stated in active form. AT: "if I have been secretly attracted to them" or "if I have secretly desired to worship them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

so that my mouth has kissed my hand

Here "my mouth" represents Job. This is a sign of love and devotion. AT: "so that I have kissed my hand" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

in worship of them

"to worship the sun and moon"

to be punished by judges

This can be stated in active form. AT: "for which judges would be right to punish me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

I would have denied the God who is above

"I would have been unfaithful to the God who is above"

translationWords

Job 31:29-30

General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

at the destruction of anyone who hated me

The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated with the verb "destroy." AT: "when anyone who hated me was destroyed" or "when bad things happened to anyone who hated me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

when disaster overtook him

"when he experienced disasters"

then bring charges against me

This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence.

Indeed, I have not even allowed my mouth to sin

Here "my mouth" represents Job speaking. AT: "Truly I did not let myself sin" or "Truly, I did not sin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

by asking for his life with a curse

Here "asking for his life with a curse" represents cursing someone's life so that he will die. AT: "by cursing him so that he would die" or "by cursing his life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 31:31-32

General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

the men of my tent

The tent represents Job's household. The men of his tent includes family members and servants. All of these knew Job well. AT: "the men of my household" or "my family members and servants" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Who can find one who has not been filled with Job's food?

Job's men would have used this question to emphasize that Job was generous to everyone. AT: "Everyone has been filled with Job's food!" or "Everyone we know of has eaten as much of Job's food as he wanted!"(See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

even the foreigner has never had to stay in the city square

Job is explaining how he truly treated foreigners. Here "stay in the city square" represents sleeping overnight in the city square. AT: "foreigners have never had to sleep in the city square" or "foreigners have never had to sleep outside" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I have always opened my doors to the traveler

Here "opened my doors to the traveler" represents welcoming the traveler into his home. AT: "I have always welcomed the traveler into my home" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

and if that is not so, then bring charges against me

This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence.

translationWords

Job 31:33-34

General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

If ... I have hidden my sins

Here "have hidden my sins" represents trying to keep people from knowing that he had sinned. AT: "If ... I have tried to keep my sins a secret" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

by hiding my guilt inside my tunic

This represents trying to keep people from knowing that he is guilty. AT: "by hiding the evidence of my guilt inside my tunic" or "like one who hides the evidence of his guilt inside his tunic" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

because I feared the great multitude, because the contempt of families terrified me

This would be the reason for hiding his sins. These mean the same thing. They emphasize that a person may hide his sin because he fears what other people may think about him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

then bring charges against me

This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence.

translationWords

Job 31:35-37

Oh, if only I had someone to hear me!

This exclamation expresses Job's wish. AT: "I wish I had someone to hear me" or "I wish that someone would listen to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclamations/01.md]])

here is my signature

Here "my signature" represents Job's promise that everything he is saying is true. He speaks of his complaint as if he had written a legal document. AT: "I solemnly promise that all I have said is true" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

let the Almighty answer me!

Here an answer probably refers to telling Job what wrong he accuses Job of doing. AT: "let the Almighty tell me what I have done wrong" or "I wish the Almighty would say what I have done wrong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

If only I had the indictment that my opponent has written!

This expresses Job's wish. Job speaks as though his troubles are evidence that someone has written something accusing him of terrible sin. AT: "I wish I had the accusation that my opponent has written" or "If only I could read my opponent's complaint against me"

my opponent

Possible meanings are 1) this refers to God or 2) this refers to someone else.

Surely I would carry it openly on my shoulder; I would put it on like a crown

This represents putting it where everyone could read it. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I would declare to him an accounting for my steps

Here "my steps" represents Job's actions. AT: "I would declare to him an accounting for all I have done" or "I would tell him everything I have done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

as a confident prince I would go up to him

This means Job would approach God without any fear. Job implies that he could do this because he was not guilty. AT: "I would approach him boldly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 31:38-40

General Information:

This concludes Job's description of situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

If my land ever cries out against me, and its furrows weep together

Job speaks of being guilty as if his land were a person who cries out against Job because of the wrong Job has done to the land. AT: "If I have done wrong concerning my land" or "If I have stolen my land from someone" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

to lose their lives

This represents dying. AT: "to die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

weeds instead of barley

The words "let" and "grow" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "let weeds grow instead of barley" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

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Job 32

Job 32:intro-0

Job 32 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Job's friends give up on trying to convince him that he is being punished for sinning. This chapter introduces Elihu who was a witness to these interactions between Job and his friends. According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the first of Elihu's four statements. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/witness.md]])

Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 32:6-22, which is an extended quotation. This quotation continues through the next chapter.

Job 32:1-2

he was righteous in his own eyes

The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "he considered himself righteous" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Then was kindled the anger of Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram; it was kindled against Job

This compares Elihu's anger to someone starting a fire. Also, this can be stated in active form. AT: "Then Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, became very angry with Job" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Elihu ... Barakel ... Ram

These are names of men. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Buzite

This is the name of a people-group. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

he justified himself rather than God

This means that he considered himself innocent and believed God had been wrong to punish him. AT: "he justified himself and claimed that God had been wrong to punish him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 32:3-5

Elihu's anger was also kindled against his three friends

This compares Elihu's anger to someone starting a fire. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Elihu also became very angry with his three friends" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Now

This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. This tells background information about Elihu. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-background/01.md]])

that there was no answer in the mouths of these three men

This means that the men were done speaking to Job. This speaks of the men possibly having an answer as if the answer were an object that would be in their mouths. AT: "that these three men had nothing else to say" or "that these three men had no more answers to give Job" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

his anger was kindled

This compares Elihu's anger to someone starting a fire. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he became very angry" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/condemn.md]]

Job 32:6-7

you are very old

Here "you" is plural and refers to Job and his three friends. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

Length of days should speak; a multitude of years should teach wisdom

These two lines mean the same thing. Elihu emphasizes that since older people are wiser than younger people, they should be the first to speak of what they know. AT: "He who has lived many years should speak; He would is older should teach wisdom" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

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Job 32:8-10

General Information:

Elihu continues speaking to Job and his friends.

there is a spirit in a man; the breath of the Almighty

Both phrases mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that a man's wisdom comes from God. AT: "there is a spirit in a man, that is, the breath of the Almighty that" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

the breath of the Almighty

Here the spirit is represented by "breath." AT: "the spirit of the Almighty" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 32:11-12

See

Elihu uses this word here to draw the mens' attention to what he says next. AT: "Listen"

I waited for your words

"I waited to hear what you would say." The word "your" refers to Job's friends. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

who could respond to his words

Here the word "respond" does not just mean to answer, but to answer with a helpful response.

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/word.md]]

Job 32:13-14

Elihu continues speaking using parallelisms.

I also will answer on my part

"I will now take my turn to answer"

I am full of words

Elihu speaks of having a lot to say as being full of words. AT: "I have so much to say" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the spirit in me compels me

"my spirit forces me to say it"

my breast is like fermenting wine that has no vent; like new wineskins, it is ready to burst

While wine is fermenting, gas collects in the container. If the gas is not let out the container will burst. Elihu means that he has so much to say that if he does not speak he feels like he will burst. Also, these two phrases are parallel and have the same meaning. AT: "I feel like my breast is about to burst, like a container of fermenting wine that has no vent" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

my breast is

This represents Elihu, specifically his spirit. AT: "my spirit is" or "I am" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

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Job 32:20-22

General Information:

Elihu continues speaking using parallelisms for emphasis.

I may be refreshed

This can be stated in active form. AT: "I may feel better" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

open my lips

Here the "lips" represent the mouth. AT: "open my mouth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

neither will I give honorific titles to any man

"neither will I praise any man or give him titles of honor"

my Maker

This is a name referring to God. AT: "God who made me"

take me away

This means that he would destroy him. AT: "destroy me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 33

Job 33:intro-0

Job 33 General Notes

Structure and formatting

According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the first of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed to Job. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/witness.md]])

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. This quotation is a continuation of the previous chapter.

Special concepts in this chapter

# God's mercy

While Job has been complaining about the lack of justice and response from Yahweh, Elihu shows Job that Yahweh has shown him great mercy along the way. He is still alive because of Yahweh's mercy. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/mercy.md]])

This speaks of people being in a deep sleep as if the sleep fell upon them or overcame them. AT: "when people are fully asleep on their bed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 33:16-18

General Information:

Elihu continues speaking to Job.

then God opens the ears of men

This speaks of God making people aware of things as if he were opening their ears so that they could hear. AT: "then God reveals things to people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in order to pull man back from

This speaks of God keeping someone from doing something as if he were physically pulling him away from harm. AT: "in order to keep him from" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

God keeps man's life back from the pit ... his life from crossing over to death

Both of these statements mean the same thing. AT: "God saves people from the grave and from death" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

the pit

The place where people go when they die is referred to here as "the pit." AT: "the place where dead people are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

man's life back ... his life

This is an idiom. AT: "man from dying and ... he keeps him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

from crossing over to death

Here "death" represents the place where people go when they die, that is, sheol. AT: "from going to sheol" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 33:19-20

General Information:

Elihu continues speaking to Job.

Man is punished also

This can be stated in active form. AT: "God also punishes a person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

with pain on his bed

This means that the person is experiencing such pain that he must lie in bed. AT: "with pain so that he must lie in bed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

so that his life abhors food, and his soul abhors delicacies

These two phrases mean basically the same thing, that the person is in so much pain that he cannot even eat. The person is represented by his "life" and his "soul." AT: "the result is that he does not desire any food, not even very special food" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

abhors delicacies

"hates even very special food"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/soul.md]]

Job 33:31-33

General Information:

Elihu continues speaking to Job.

Pay attention, Job, and listen to me

These phrases mean the same thing. AT: "Listen carefully to me, Job" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

that you are in the right

This is an idiom. AT: "that you are innocent" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

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Job 34

Job 34:intro-0

Job 34 General Notes

Structure and formatting

According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the second of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/witness.md]])

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. Elihu uses many of Job's statements against him. His attitude is not too different from Job's friends.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's justice

Elihu defends the justice of Yahweh after Job claimed that Yahweh was being unjust. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/justice.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/unjust.md]])

Elihu continues speaking. Each of these verses contain parallel phrases. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

you men of understanding

Elihu is criticizing Job and his friends. He does not actually think they are wise. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

far be it from God ... far be it from the Almighty that he should commit sin

These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that God would never do anything wrong. The phrase "far be it from" is an idiom. AT: "Almighty God would never consider doing anything that is wicked or wrong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

For he pays back a person's work

This means that he gives to a person what he deserves for the work he has done. Here "work" is a metaphor for what a person does. AT: "For he gives to a person what he deserves in return for he does" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he makes every man come upon the reward of his own ways

The phrase "his own ways" is an idiom for how a person lives his life. Elihu emphasizes that God gives to people what they deserve. AT: "he causes every man to receive the reward he deserves for how he lives" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 34:13-15

General Information:

Elihu continues speaking.

Who put him in charge over the earth? Who put the whole world under him?

Both of these rhetorical questions have the same meaning and emphasize that no one needed to grant God authority because it was already his. These questions can be written as statements. AT: "No one needed to give permission to God to take responsibility over all the earth. He is the rightful one to rule the world." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

If he ever

Elihu is describing a situation that he does not believe would ever happen. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

his spirit and his breath

The "spirit" and "breath" of God are what makes all living things alive. AT: "his spirit and breath which give us life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

all flesh

Here all living things are represented by their "flesh." AT: "all living things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

mankind would return to dust again

This means that all people would die and their bodies would decay and become soil. In the beginning God created man from the dust. AT: "the bodies of mankind would soon become soil again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 34:16-17

since you dislike

"because you dislike"

what it is that you know

"what you are thinking about this"

translationWords

Job 34:34-35

General Information:

Elihu continues speaking.

who hears me

"who hears me speaking"

translationWords

Job 34:36-37

If only Job were put on trial in

This can be stated in active form. AT: "If only we could put Job on trial in" or "If only we could take Job to court so a judge could listen to" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

in the smallest details of his case

This is an idiom. AT: "to listen to his case thoroughly" or "to hear all of the details of his case" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

of his talking like wicked men

"of how he has spoken like a wicked man"

he adds rebellion

This refers to rebellion against God. AT: "he adds rebellion against God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

he claps his hands in mockery in our midst

In this accusation, this means that Job clapped his hands to strengthen his mockery of God. AT: "he claps his hands as he mocks God in our midst" or "he mocks God right in front of us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

he piles up words against God

Elihu speaks of "words" as if they were objects, and of speaking many words as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. AT: "he speaks many words against God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 35

Job 35:intro-0

Job 35 General Notes

Structure and formatting

According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the third of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/witness.md]])

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. Elihu uses many of Job's statements against him.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Rhetorical questions

Elihu uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job. These questions help to build Elihu's argument. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

# Ironic situation

Elihu explains the irony of Job's claim. He claimed to be righteous and desired Yahweh to intervene. In this chapter, Elihu explains to Job that his claims of righteousness are prideful. This makes him unrighteous. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/righteous.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/unrighteous.md]])

Job 35:1-3

Do you think this is just ... 'My right before God'?

Elihu uses questions to challenge Job. AT: "You must think you are right ... 'My right before God.'" or "It is not just ... 'My right before God.'" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Do you think this is just when you say

"Do you think it is right for you to say"

Do you think

Here "you" is singular and refers to Job. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

My right before God

Possible meanings are 1) Job is claiming to be innocent before God or 2) Job is claiming that he, rather than God, is right.

For you ask, 'What use is it to me?' and, 'Would I be better off if I had sinned?'

Elihu quotes Job as saying the these two rhetorical questions. AT: "For you say, 'It does not benefit me' and, 'I am no better off than if I had sinned.'" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 35:4-5

Connecting Statement:

Elihu continues speaking.

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/heaven.md]]

Job 35:6-8

How much less will he answer you ... concerned about people's pride

Elihu says that it is even less likely that God will answer Job's prayers since Job is saying these things about God that are untrue.

he never punishes anyone in anger

"he never punishes anyone because he is angry"

he piles up words without knowledge

Elihu speaks of "words" as if they were objects, and of speaking many words as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. The word "knowledge" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "he speaks many words without knowing what he is talking about" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 36

Job 36:intro-0

Job 36 General Notes

Structure and formatting

According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the last of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/witness.md]])

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. His attitude is not too different from Job's friends.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's justice

This chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won't always come in this life. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/justice.md]])

Job 36:1-3

I will show you some things

Elihu speaks of explaining things to Job as if he were going to show those things to Job. AT: "I will explain some things to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will obtain my knowledge from far off

Elihu speaks of having knowledge of many different subjects as if it were getting his knowledge from far away places. AT: "I will show you my great knowledge" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

that righteousness belongs to my Maker

Here the word "righteousness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "that my Maker is righteous" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 36:4-5

my words will not be false

"what I say will not be false"

someone who is mature in knowledge is with you

The word "someone" refers to Elihu himself. He speaks of being very knowledgeable as if it were being mature in knowledge. AT: "I, who am with you, am very knowledgeable" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

See

"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

he is mighty in strength of understanding

The phrase "mighty in strength" forms a doublet that means "very strong." Elihu speaks of God understanding everything perfectly as if his understanding were very strong. AT: "he is very strong in understanding" or "he understands everything completely" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 36:6-7

He does not withdraw his eyes from righteous people

Elihu speaks of God protecting righteous people as if God were watching them with his eyes, and of God ceasing to protect them as if he withdrew his eyes from them. AT: "He does not stop protecting the righteous people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

sets them on thrones like kings

Elihu speaks of God honoring the righteous people as if God were causing them to sit on thrones like kings do. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they are lifted up

Elihu speaks of God honoring the righteous people as if he lifted them up to a high place. This can be stated in active form. AT: "he lifts them up" or "he honors them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 36:8-9

If they are bound in chains

Here the word "they" refers righteous people whom God will discipline if they sin. This can be stated in active form. AT: "If someone binds them in chains" or "If someone makes them a prisoner" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

trapped in cords of suffering

Elihu speaks of a person being made to suffer as if that person were trapped in ropes that cause suffering. AT: "someone causes them to suffer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

their transgressions and their pride

The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "he reveals to them their transgressions and their pride" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 36:10-12

He also opens their ears

Elihu speaks of causing a person to listen as if it were opening that person's ear. AT: "He also causes them to listen" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

to his instruction

The noun "instruction" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "to what he is instructing them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

to turn back from iniquity

Elihu speaks of stopping an action as if it were turning back from it. AT: "to stop committing iniquity" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they will spend their days in prosperity, their years in contentment

The words "days" and "years" both refer to the person's lifetime. AT: "they will spend their lives in prosperity and contentment" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

they will perish by the sword

Elihu speaks of a person dying violently as if someone had killed them with a sword. AT: "they will die a violent death" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 36:13-14

who are godless in heart

Here the word "heart" refers to the thoughts and emotions. The phrase may indicate that the person stubbornly refuses to trust God. AT: "who refuse to trust in God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

store up their anger

Elihu speaks of a person remaining angry as if that person stored up their anger like one would store up treasure. AT: "are always angry" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

even when God ties them up

Elihu speaks of God disciplining people as if God were tying them up with ropes. AT: "even when God punishes them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

their lives end among the cultic prostitutes

Here "cultic prostitutes" refers to young men who served in pagan temples performing sexually immoral acts as part of their rituals. Possible meanings for this phrase are 1) the godless die because of their immoral behavior or 2) the godless die in shame and disgrace.

translationWords

Job 36:15-16

he opens their ears

Elihu speaks of God causing a person to listen as if God were opening their ears. See how you translated this in Job 36:10. AT: "he causes them to listen" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

into a broad place where there is no hardship

Elihu speaks of living without trouble as if it were being in a wide-open space where there were no hardships. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

where your table would be set with food full of fatness

Elihu speaks of living prosperously as if it were having one's table filled with the best foods. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

your table would be set

This can be stated in active form. AT: "your servants would set your table" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

food full of fatness

Meat that had plenty of fat on it was a sign of prosperity because the animals were healthy and well-fed. AT: "the very best food" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 36:17-18

you are full of judgment on wicked people

Possible meanings are 1) "God is punishing you as he would punish the wicked" or 2) "you are obsessed with the judgment that the wicked deserve."

judgment and justice have laid hold of you

Elihu speaks of God judging Job and giving him justice as if judgment and justice were people that have laid hold of Job. AT: "God has brought you to judgment and given you justice" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Do not let your anger entice you to mockery

Some versions of the Bible translate this as "Beware that you are not enticed by wealth."

translationWords

Job 36:19-21

Can your wealth benefit you, so that you will not be in distress, or can all the force of your strength help you?

Elihu asks these questions to state that money and power will not be able to help Job if he acts unjustly. AT: "Your wealth cannot cause you to no longer be in distress, and all the force of your strength cannot help you." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

all the force of your strength

"all of your great strength" or "all of your mighty efforts"

when peoples are cut off in their place

Possible meanings are 1) that "peoples" refers to people in general and "cut off in their place" is a metaphor for oppressing others by dragging them away from their homes. AT: "when people drag others away from their homes" or 2) that "peoples" represents nations and "cut off in their place" is a metaphor for nations being destroyed. AT: "when nations will perish" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you are being tested by suffering

This can be stated in active form. AT: "God is testing you by making you suffer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 36:22-24

See

The word "See" here adds emphasis to what follows. AT: "Indeed"

God is exalted in his power

Possible meanings are 1) "God is extremely powerful" or 2) "people exalt God because he is powerful"

who is a teacher like him?

Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one is a teacher like God. AT: "no one is a teacher like him." or "no one teaches like he does." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Who has ever instructed him about his way?

Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one has ever taught God what to do. AT: "No one has ever instructed him about what he should do." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Who can ever say to him, 'You have committed unrighteousness?'

Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can accuse God of having committed unrighteousness. AT: "No one can ever say to him, 'You have committed unrighteousness.'" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 36:25-26

they see those deeds only from far away

Elihu speaks of people not being fully able to understand God's deeds as if people were only able to see those deeds from far away. AT: "they do not fully understand them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

See

"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

the number of his years is incalculable

This refers to how long God has existed. AT: "people cannot know how long he has lived" or "people cannot know his age" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/understand.md]]

Job 36:27-29

that he distills as rain from his vapor

The word "distills" can also mean "refine" or "filter." Elihu describes how God turns the drops of water, or vapor, that he draws up into rain. AT: "that he turns into rain" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

can anyone understand the extensive spread of the clouds and the thunder from his hut?

Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can do these things. AT: "no one can understand the extensive spread of the clouds and the thunder from his hut." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

the extensive spread of the clouds

The phrase "the extensive spread" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "how the clouds spread across the sky" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

from his hut

Elihu speaks of the sky as if it were a "hut" in which God lives. AT: "from the sky, where God lives" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Job 36:30-31

See, he spreads

"Look carefully and see how he spreads"

and covers the roots of the sea

Elihu speaks of the deep parts of the sea as if the sea were a plant and its depths were its roots. Possible meanings are 1) although the lightning causes light in the sky, the deep parts of the sea remain dark. AT: "but the depths of the sea remain dark" or 2) the lightning in the sky cause even the depths of the sea to have light. AT: "and lights up the depths of the sea" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/peoplegroup.md]]

Job 36:32-33

He fills his hands with the lightning

Elihu speaks of the lightning that storms cause as if God were holding the lightning in his hand and directing it to strike where he wills. Possible meanings are 1) that God holds the lightning bolts in his hands in order to throw them, or 2) that God hides the lightning bolts in his hands until he is ready to use them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Its thunder

"The thunder caused by the lightning" or "The thunder"

hear it is coming

"hear that the storm is coming"

translationWords

Job 37

Job 37:intro-0

Job 37 General Notes

Structure and formatting

According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the previous chapter and the last of Elihu's four statements, and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/witness.md]])

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. His attitude is not too different from Job's friends.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's justice

This chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won't always come in this life. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/justice.md]])

Elihu speaks of the inability to understand as if it were having darkness in one's mind. AT: "because we do not understand" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Should he be told that I wish to speak with him?

Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can do this. AT: "I cannot have someone tell him that I wish to speak with him." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Should he be told

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Should I have someone tell him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Would a person wish to be swallowed up?

Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one would want this to happen. AT: "No person would want to be swallowed up." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

to be swallowed up

Elihu speaks of a person being destroyed as if the person were swallowed up. This can be stated in active form. AT: "for God to destroy him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 37:21-22

Out of the north comes golden splendor

The phrase "golden splendor" describes God's glory. This can be made explicit in translation. AT: "God comes from the north with golden splendor" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

over God is fearsome majesty

The word "fearsome" means that it causes fear. Elihu speaks of God's majesty as if it were something that rests upon God. AT: "God's majesty causes people to fear" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 37:23-24

we cannot find him

Possible meanings are 1) "we cannot approach him" or 2) this is a metaphor in which Elihu speaks of a person's being unable to fully understand God as if he could not find God. AT: "we cannot comprehend him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

those who are wise in their own minds

Here "minds" represents the person's thoughts. AT: "those who are wise in their own thinking" or "those who consider themselves to be wise" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 38

Job 38:intro-0

Job 38 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. Yahweh finally speaks in this chapter.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's greatness

Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Rhetorical questions

Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Job 38:1-3

Then Yahweh called

Here, the word "then" marks the beginning of a new part of the book. See if your language has a similar way to introduce a new scene. AT: "After all that had happened, Yahweh called.

called to Job

"answered Job" or "responded to Job"

out of a fierce storm

"from a powerful storm"

Who is this who brings darkness to plans by means of words without knowledge?

Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job spoke of things he did not know about. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You bring darkness to my plans by means of words without knowledge." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Who is this who brings

"Who are you to bring"

brings darkness to plans

"obscures my plans" or "confuses my purposes." How Job confuses God's plans is spoken of as if he were making God's plans harder to see. The abstract noun "darkness" can be translated as the verb "darkens." AT: "darkens plans" or "makes plans hard to see" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

by means of words without knowledge

"by speaking of things about which you do not know"

words without knowledge

The abstract noun "knowledge" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "unknowing words" or "ignorant words" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

gird up your loins like a man

"tie your robe up around your waist like a man." Men tied up their robes around their waists so that their legs could move more freely as they did heavy work. The idiom "gird up your loins like a man" means to get ready to do something involving action such as work, a contest, or a battle. Job was to prepare for the hard work of answering God. AT: "get yourself ready for hard work" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 38:4-5

General Information:

Yahweh begins to challenge Job with a series of questions that emphasize he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Where were you when I laid the earth's foundations? Tell me, if you have so much understanding

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me where you were when I laid the foundations of the earth, if you have so much understanding" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

I laid the earth's foundations

Yahweh describes creating the earth as though he was building a structure. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

if you have so much understanding

The abstract noun "understanding" can be translated as the verb "understand." AT: "if you understand so much" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Who determined its dimensions? Tell me, if you know

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me who determined its dimensions, if you know" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

dimensions

"size"

Who stretched the measuring line over it?

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me who stretched the measuring line over it." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

measuring line

a rope or cord that people use to make something the right size and shape

translationWords

Job 38:6-7

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

General Information:

The word "its" refers to the earth.

General Information:

Yahweh uses more questions to emphasize that his greatness. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

On what were its foundations laid?

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me on what its foundations were laid." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

On what were its foundations laid

This can be stated in active form. "On what did I set its foundations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Who laid its cornerstone when ... the sons of God shouted for joy?

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me who laid its cornerstone when ... the sons of God shouted for joy." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

when the morning stars sang together and all the sons of God shouted for joy

These two lines are similar in meaning. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

when the morning stars sang together

The morning stars are spoken of as singing like people sing. Possible meanings are: 1) the "morning stars" are the same as the "sons of God" in the next line or 2) "the morning stars" refer to stars in the sky. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

the morning stars

"the bright stars that shine in the morning"

sons of God

This refers to angels, heavenly beings. See how you translated this in Job 1:6.

shouted for joy

The abstract noun "joy" can be translated as the adverb "joyfully." AT: "shouted joyfully" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

for joy

"because they were full of joy"

translationWords

Job 38:8-9

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

General Information:

Yahweh uses another question to emphasize that he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Who shut up the sea with doors ... and thick darkness its swaddling bands?

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me who shut up the sea with doors ... and thick darkness its swaddling bands." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

shut up the sea with doors

Yahweh compares the way that he prevented the sea from covering all of the earth to holding it back with doors. AT: "prevented the water from flooding over the land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

as if it had come out of the womb

Yahweh compares his creation of the sea to childbirth. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

its clothing

"as clothes for the sea"

thick darkness its swaddling bands

The abstract noun "darkness" can be translated as the adjective "dark." AT: "made dark clouds its swaddling bands" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

swaddling bands

long pieces of cloth that people use to wrap a baby in after it is born

translationWords

Job 38:10-11

I marked out for the sea my boundary

"I made a boundary for the sea"

boundary

Yahweh set a limit beyond which the sea was not allowed to cross.

I placed its bars and doors

Yahweh compares the way that he made a boundary for the sea to containing the sea with bars and doors. AT: "I set up its barriers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

bars

long pieces of wood or metal that are used to keep a door shut

when I said to it

"when I said to the sea." Yahweh speaks to the sea as though it were a person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

You may come this far, but no farther

The words "this far" mean only as far as the boundary that Yahweh set up. AT: "You may come as far as this boundary, but no farther" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

to the pride of your waves

"to the power of your waves." The waves are spoken of as if they could have pride. The abstract noun "pride" can be translated as the adjective "proud." AT: "to your proud waves" or "to your powerful waves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/proud.md]]

Job 38:12-13

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

General Information:

Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he created the light of day and Job did not. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Have you ... shake the wicked out of it?

This question expects a negative answer. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have never ... shaken the wicked out of it." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

given orders to the morning

Yahweh describes the morning as being able to receive orders and know things like a person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

caused the dawn to know its place

"caused the dawn to know where it belongs"

dawn

the daylight that appears in the morning sky before the sun rises

take hold of the edges of the earth

The light of dawn is spoken of as if it seizes the horizons of the earth. AT: "grasp the ends of the earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

shake the wicked out of it

The daylight is pictured as causing wicked people to leave like shaking something to remove unwanted things. AT: "shake wicked people out of the earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]]

Job 38:14-15

The earth is changed in appearance like clay changes under a seal

At nighttime, people cannot see clearly, but in the morning the light reveals the distinct shape of everything, just like a seal creates distinct images in clay. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

all things on it stand out clearly like the folds of a piece of clothing

Here "it" refers to the earth. This phrase has a similar meaning to the first phrase in this verse. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

From wicked people their 'light' is taken away

This can be stated in active form. AT: "The morning takes away the 'light' of wicked people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

their 'light'

The wicked consider darkness to be their light, because they do their evil deeds in the darkness and they are familiar with the darkness. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

their uplifted arm is broken

The raised arm of the wicked represents their power and intention to do evil things, but the wicked stop doing those evil things when the morning light comes. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 38:16-18

to their places of work

"to their territory." Light and darkness are spoken of as being led out and back each day to accomplish Yahweh's purposes. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Undoubtedly ... so large

Yahweh uses mocking irony to emphasize that Job does not understand light and darkness. AT: "It is obvious that you do not know, because you were not born when I created them, and you are not very old" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

for you were born then

"for you were already living then." The word "then" refers to the time when light was created and separated from darkness. AT: "for you were already born when I created them"

the number of your days is so large

"you have lived so many years"

Job 38:22-24

The waters hide themselves and become like stone

The waters are spoken of as being able to hide. During the winter the ice hides the water underneath it. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rpronouns/01.md]])

become like stone

The hardness of ice is spoken of as if it was stone. AT: "become hard like stone" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

the deep

translationWords

Job 38:31-33

dens

A "den" is a lair or shelter where lions live.

sheltering in hiding

"hiding in a thicket." Lions hide in thick vegetation when hunting their prey.

to lie in wait

The implied information is that the lions are hiding and waiting for their prey to come near. AT: "to lie waiting for a victim" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/lion.md]]

Job 38:41

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

General Information:

Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he provides food for the ravens and Job does not. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Who provides victims ... for lack of food?

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Tell me who provides victims ... for lack of food." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

victims

"food." This refers to animals that ravens look for and can eat.

ravens

A raven is a large bird with shiny black feathers that feeds on dead animals.

cry out to God

The implied information is that the ravens are crying out for food. AT: "cry to God for help" or "cry out for God to give them food" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

stagger about

This means to walk around in an unsteady way.

for lack of food

"because they have no food" or "because they have nothing to eat"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/god.md]]

Job 39

Job 39:intro-0

Job 39 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULB indents the lines of this chapter because it is a poem. Yahweh continues to speak in this chapter.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's greatness

Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited. Since Job cannot understand creation, he cannot truly understand Yahweh.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Rhetorical questions

Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. Many of these questions focus on nature because Yahweh is the creator of the heavens and the earth. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/heaven.md]])

Job 39:1-2

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

General Information:

Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize that he is greater than Job because Yahweh takes care of the wild mountain goats and deer and Job does not. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Do you know at what time ... bear their young?

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Surely you do not know when ... bear their young!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Can you watch when the deer are having their fawns?

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are not able to watch to make sure everything goes well when the deer give birth to their fawns!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

are having their fawns

"give birth to their fawns"

Can you count the months that they gestate?

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You cannot count the months that they are pregnant." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

that they gestate

"to complete their pregnancy"

they

The word "they" refers to the goats and the deer.

gestate

"are pregnant"

Do you know the time when they bear their young?

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "Of course you do not know when they give birth to their young." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 39:3-4

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

They crouch down

The word "They" refers to the wild mountain goats and the deer.

birth their young

"give birth to their offspring"

then they finish their labor pains

Possible meanings are 1) their labor pains are over when the birth is finished or 2) "labor pains" is a metonym that refers to the offspring of the goats and deer because they are the result of the mother's labor and pain. AT: "send out their offspring from their womb" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the open fields

"the countryside" or "the wild"

do not come back again

"do not come back to them" or "do not come back to their mothers"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/laborpains.md]]

Job 39:5-6

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

General Information:

Here Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Will the wild ox be happy to serve you?

This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The wild ox will not be happy to serve you." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

the wild ox

Possible meanings are 1) a type of ox that used to live in the wild or 2) some kind of buffalo that looked like oxen.

be happy

"be willing"

Will he consent to stay by your manger?

This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He will not consent to stay by your manger." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

consent to stay by your manger

"stay by your manger through the night"

manger

something that holds food so that animals can eat it

With a rope, can you control the wild ox to plow the furrows?

This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You cannot control the wild ox with a rope in order to plow furrows in your fields." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

With a rope

a rope was tied to the animal's head or neck in order to lead it

furrows

These are long channels made in the dirt while plowing. See how you translated this in Job 31:38.

Will he harrow the valleys for you?

This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "He will never harrow the valleys for you." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

harrow

to smooth and break up the soil

translationWords

Job 39:11-12

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

General Information:

Here Yahweh uses three questions to continue his argument that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Will you trust him because his strength is great?

This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You cannot trust him because his strength is great." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

trust him

The word "him" refers to the "wild ox."

Will you leave your work to him to do?

This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You will not be able to make him do your work for you." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

leave your work to him to do

"have him do your hard work for you"

Will you depend on him ... grain for your threshing floor?

These two clauses basically mean the same thing. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You will not be able to depend on him ... grain for your threshing floor." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 39:13-15

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

The wings of the ostrich ... pinions and plumage of love?

Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job cannot explain why ostriches behave the way they do. AT: "You do not know whether the pinions and plumage of the ostrich represent love when they wave their wings proudly." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

ostrich

a very large bird that can run very fast but cannot fly

wave proudly

"move with joy"

pinions

the very long feathers on the wings of birds

plumage

the smaller feathers that cover the body of a bird

of love

The Hebrew word is uncertain. Possible meanings are 1) "of faithfulness" or 2) "of a stork." The name of the stork meant "the faithful one" or "the loving one" because people knew that storks take very good care of their chicks.

on the earth

"on the ground"

crush them

The word "them" refers to the eggs.

trample them

"step on them"

translationWords

Job 39:16-18

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

She deals roughly

The word "She" refers to the female ostrich.

her labor

the work that she does when she lays the eggs

might have been in vain

If the chicks die, all of her work was useless. AT: "might have been useless if the chicks die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

deprived her of wisdom

"made her forget wisdom" or "not given her wisdom"

understanding

See how you translated this in Job 11:6.

When she runs

This verse is in contrast to her weakness in caring for her chicks. AT: "However, when she runs"

she laughs ... its rider

It is implied that she laughs because she is faster than the horse. AT: "she laughs ... its rider because she can run faster than the horse" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 39:19-20

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

General Information:

Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild horse. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Have you given the horse his strength?

This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have never given the horse his strength." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Did you clothe his neck with his flowing mane?

This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You cannot clothe his neck with his flowing mane." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

clothe his neck with his flowing mane

The horse's "mane" is spoken of as if it was clothing for the neck of the horse. AT: "made his flowing main to cover his neck like clothes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

flowing mane

the long hair on the top of the neck of a horse

Have you ever made him jump like a locust?

This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are not able to make him jump like a locust." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

a locust

a large kind of grasshopper that can jump very far and very quickly

snorting

a very loud sound that horses make with their nose

translationWords

Job 39:21-23

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

He paws

The word "He" refers to the horse. The horse paws the ground because he is very excited to begin the fight. AT: "He paws with excitement and" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

paws

"digs at the ground with his hooves"

to meet the weapons

Here "the weapons" represent the battle in which they are used. AT: "to join in the battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

He mocks fear

"He is not afraid at all"

mocks

"laughs at"

dismayed

discouraged

does not turn back

"does not run away"

quiver

a container that holds arrows

rattles

"shakes and makes noise"

flank

the side of a horse

javelin

a long stick with a sharp end that people throw at their enemies

translationWords

Job 39:24-25

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

He

The word "He" refers to the horse.

swallows up ground

The horse runs over the ground so quickly that the ground passes by like water that a person drinks. AT: "runs very fast over the ground" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

with fierceness and rage

The horse is very excited, so he moves quickly and strongly.

at the trumpet's sound

It can be stated that someone blows the trumpet. AT: "when someone blows a trumpet to announce that a battle has begun" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

he cannot stand in one place

"he is too excited to stand still"

he says, 'Aha

The word "Aha" is a sound people make when they discover something. The horse makes a sound because he has discovered the battle. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

the thunderous shouts

It is implied that the horse hears these things. AT: "he hears the thunderous shouts" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the outcries

"the battle cries." People have special shouts that they use in war to show their great strength and bravery and to scare the enemy.

translationWords

Job 39:26

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

Is it by your wisdom ... for the south?

Yahweh uses this question to prove that Job is not as great as Yahweh. The implicit answer to this question is "no." AT: "It is not by your wisdom ... for the south." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

stretches out his wings for the south

Here the stretching out of his wings refers to flying. AT: "flies to the south" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

for the south

In the biblical geography, birds fly south during the winter in order to live in warmer climates.

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]]

Job 39:27-28

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

Is it at your orders ... nest in high places?

Yahweh uses this question to prove that Job is not powerful enough to command the eagles. The implicit answer to this question is "no." AT: "You are not able to command the eagle to mount up and build his nest in high places." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

at your orders

The abstract noun "orders" can be stated as a verb. AT: "because you tell it to do so" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

mounts up

This means he flies upward. AT: "flies up into the sky" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

a stronghold

The high cliffs are strongholds for eagles because the animals that would want to eat them cannot reach them.

translationWords

Job 39:29-30

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

he searches for victims

Here the word "he" refers to the eagle.

victims

"animals that he can kill and eat"

his eyes see them

Here "his eyes" refer to the eagle. AT: "he sees them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

His young

"The baby eagles." It may be helpful to state that this happens after the eagle kills and animal. AT: "After an eagle kills an animal, the baby eagles"

drink up blood

"drink the blood of the animal that he killed"

where killed people are

"where there are dead people." This phrase refers to dead bodies that are lying out in the open, not to bodies that are buried in the ground.

there he is

It can be made explicit that he comes to eat the dead bodies. AT: "he is there to eat them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/blood.md]]

Job 40

Job 40:intro-0

Job 40 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 40:1-2, 4-5, 7-24, which are extended quotations of Job and Yahweh.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Job's righteousness

In seeking to defend his own righteousness, Job accuses Yahweh of being unjust. Yahweh asks a very important question: "Will you condemn me so you may claim you are right?" This is the essence of Job's error.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Irony

Yahweh states, "He who argues with God, let him answer." Job immediately answers him. This is irony. While Job is forced to acknowledge the power of Yahweh, he does not repent of his former statements. Because of this, Yahweh asks him more questions. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/repent.md]])

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

# Animals

There are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives.

Job 40:1-2

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

Should anyone who wishes to criticize try to correct the Almighty?

Yahweh is rebuking Job. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one who wants to criticize me should try to argue with me, for I am Almighty God." or "You, a person, want to criticize me, Almighty God, but you should not try to correct me." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

He who argues with God, let him answer

Yahweh speaks of Job and himself as if they were two other people to remind Job that no person anywhere should argue with God. AT: "You want to argue with me, so answer me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-pronouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 40:3-5

See, I am

"You are right when you say that I am" or "Look at me and you will see that I am"

I am insignificant

"I am not important"

how can I answer you?

Job uses this question to apologize for questioning God. AT: "I cannot answer you." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Job 40:6-7

gird up your loins like a man

A man who tucks his robe up under his sash or belt is preparing for hard physical work, and Job was to prepare for the hard work of answering God. See how you translated this in Job 38:3. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Job 40:8-9

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

Will you actually say that I am unjust?

The word "actually" indicates that Yahweh is surprised that Job would say that Yahweh is unjust and that Job should make sure that he really wants to say that. This can be translated as a statement. AT: "I am surprised that you are saying I am unjust." or "You should be sure that you want to say that I am unjust, because that is what you are saying." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Will you condemn me so you may claim you are right?

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You are condemning me so you can claim that you are innocent." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

an arm like God's

The arm is a metonym for the strength in the arm. AT: "strength like God's strength" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Can you thunder with a voice like him?

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "You certainly cannot cause thunder with your voice the way God does with his." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

a voice like him

"a voice the way he does" or "a voice like his voice"

translationWords

Job 40:10-11

clothe yourself in glory and dignity; array yourself in honor and majesty

The abstract nouns "glory," "dignity," "honor," and "majesty" are spoken of as if they were clothing that a person could put on. They can be translated as adjectives and verbs. AT: "make yourself glorious; do something great so people will respect you and honor you; make people think you are a great king" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Scatter around the excess of your anger

The abstract noun "anger" is spoken of as it it were something that usually could be held in a container, but in this situation there is so much of it that what does not fit needs to be spread around. It is also a metonym for the actions a person takes when he is angry. You may need to make explicit why the person is angry. AT: "Be angry because people are proud, and punish them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

bring him down

"take away everything he is proud of"

translationWords

Job 40:12-14

their faces

The "face" represents the whole person. AT: "them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

the hidden place

a euphemism for the place where people's spirits go when they die (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/creature.md]]

Job 40:22-24

lotus plants

flowering plants that float on the water in swampy areas. See how you translated this in Job 40:19.

willows of the brook

Willows are large trees that grow in damp ground. If they are unknown in your culture, you can use a general term for trees that grow near water.

banks

sides of the river

though the Jordan should surge up to his mouth

"even if the flood of the Jordan should come up to his mouth"

Can anyone capture him with a hook ... snare?

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one can capture him with a hook or pierce his nose through with a snare." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/names/jordanriver.md]]

Job 41

Job 41:intro-0

Job 41 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation of Yahweh. It is a continuation of the previous chapter.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Rhetorical questions

Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character and to convince Job to repent. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/repent.md]])

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

# Animals

There are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives.

Job 41:1-3

General Information:

God continues speaking. He is using many rhetorical questions to challenge Job.

Can you draw out Leviathan with a fishhook?

God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that you cannot draw out Leviathan with a fishhook." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

draw out

pull out of the water

his ... he

The words "his" and "he" refer to Leviathan.

Or tie up his jaws with a cord?

The words "can you" are understood from the previous question. They can be repeated here. God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Or can you tie up his jaws with a cord?" or "And you know that you cannot tie up his jaws with a cord." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Can you put a rope into his nose ... with a hook?

God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that you cannot put a rope into Leviathan's nose ... with a hook." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Will he make many pleas to you?

God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that he will not make pleas to you." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Will he speak soft words to you?

God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that he will not speak soft words to you." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/word.md]]

Job 41:4-6

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to rebuke Job. He uses rhetorical questions to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan.

Will he make a covenant with you, that you should take him for a servant forever?

This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that he will not make a covenant with you, that you should take him for a servant forever." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

he ... him

The words "he" and "him" refer to Leviathan.

Will you play with him as you would with a bird?

This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that you cannot play with him as you would play with a bird." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Will you tie him up for your servant girls?

This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that you cannot tie him up for your servant girls." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Will the groups of fishermen bargain for him?

This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that the groups of fishermen will not bargain for him." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Will they divide him up to trade among the merchants?

This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that they will not divide him up to trade among the merchants." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Will they divide

"Will the groups of fishermen divide"

translationWords

Job 41:7-9

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to rebuke Job. He uses rhetorical questions to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan.

Can you fill his hide with harpoons or his head with fishing spears?

This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You cannot pierce his skin with your hunting weapons, nor can you pierce his head with fishing spears." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

his ... him

The words "his" and "him" refer to Leviathan.

harpoons

large spears with barbed points that people use to hunt large sea creatures

See

"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you."

will not anyone be thrown down to the ground just by the sight of him?

This generalization can be translated as a statement in active form. AT: "Anyone who looks at him will be so frightened that he will throw himself on the ground." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

the sight of him

"by looking at him" or "by seeing him"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/hope.md]]

Job 41:10-12

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions. He uses rhetorical questions to remind Job that Yahweh is much more powerful than both Leviathan and Job.

None is so fierce that he dare stir Leviathan up; who, then, is he who can stand before me?

It would be easier to stir up Leviathan than to stand before Yahweh. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Since you know that no person is so fierce that he dare stir Leviathan up, you should certainly know that no one can stand before me." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Who has first given anything to me in order that I should repay him?

This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You know that no one has first given anything to me, so there is no one whom I need to repay." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

he ... him

The words "he" and "him" refer to a person.

I will not keep silent concerning ... nor about ... nor about

This can be translated in positive form. AT: "I will certainly speak about ... and about ... and about" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

concerning Leviathan's legs, nor about the matter of his strength, nor about his graceful form

These are three things about which God will not keep silent.

his

The word "his" refers to Leviathan.

translationWords

Job 41:13-15

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions.

Who can strip off his outer covering?

This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one can strip off his outer clothing." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

his

The word "his" refers to Leviathan.

Who can penetrate his double armor?

The word "armor" is a metaphor for the hard scales or hide on his back. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one can penetrate his very thick hide." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Who can open the doors of his face ... terror?

This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one can pry his jaws apart ... terror." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

shields

The word "shields" is a metaphor for Leviathan's hide. Both shields and Leviathan's hide protect well and deflect arrows and other weapons. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

tight together as with a close seal

This means the "shields" are very close to one another and nothing can get between them.

translationWords

Job 41:16-18

One is so near to another

One row of shields is so near to another (Job 41:15).

them ... they

The words "them" and "they" refer to the rows of shields (Job 41:15).

they cannot be pulled apart

This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one can pull them apart" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

from his snorting

"when he snorts." A snort is a sound like a short snore. Another possible meaning is "from his sneezing" or "when he sneezes."

his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning dawn

This means that his eyes are red as the morning dawn is red. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

his

The word "his" refers to Leviathan.

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/light.md]]

Job 41:19-21

Out of his mouth go burning torches, sparks of fire leap out

God expresses the same idea in two different ways in order to emphasize the terrifying appearance of Leviathan. You can make this clear by adding the omitted words. AT: "Out of his mouth go burning torches, sparks of fire leap out of his mouth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

his

The word "his" refers to Leviathan.

nostrils

the two openings of the nose

smoke like a boiling pot

Both the smoke and a boiling pot are very hot. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

kindles coals into flame

"causes coals to catch fire"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/fire.md]]

Job 41:22-24

his ... him

The words "his" and "him" refer to Leviathan.

terror dances in front of him

The abstract noun "terror" can be translated as the verb "be afraid." AT: "when people see him coming, they are very afraid" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

they cannot be moved

This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one can move them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

His heart is as hard as a stone

A rock or stone does not change and become soft. Possible meanings are 1) Leviathan's physical chest and the organs inside it are physically hard or 2) Leviathan is not afraid of anything or 3) Leviathan is spoken of as a person who kills without ever being sorry. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

a lower millstone

"the hardest of rocks." The lower millstone is the larger and harder of the two rocks used to grind grain. It would be the hardest rock people could find.

translationWords

Job 41:25-27

he ... himself ... him

The words "he," "himself," and "him" refer to Leviathan.

the gods

Possible meanings are 1) "mighty people" or 2) "very strong people" .

He thinks of iron as if it were straw

"He thinks of weapons made of iron as if they were weapons made of straw." Straw would not get through his hide, and iron weapons do not get through his hide. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

of bronze as if it were rotten wood

You can make this clear by adding the omitted words. AT: "he thinks of weapons made of bronze as if they were weapons made of rotten wood" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 41:28-30

to him sling stones become chaff

Chaff cannot hurt Leviathan, and sling stones are just as ineffective as chaff. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

him ... he ... His

The words "him," "he," and "his" refer to Leviathan.

Clubs are regarded as straw

A club made of straw would not hurt him, and a club made of wood would not hurt him. This can be translated in active form. AT: "He thinks of clubs as if they were straw" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

he laughs at the whirring flight of a spear

The person throwing the spear hopes that the spear will kill Leviathan, but the writer speaks as if Leviathan knows the spear will not kill him and so laughs. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

he leaves a spreading trail in the mud as if he were a threshing sledge

Just as a threshing sledge goes over grain on a threshing floor and turns it to powder, so Leviathan's tail leaves a trail in the mud as he wags it when he walks. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 41:31-32

He makes the deep to foam up like a pot of boiling water

"As he passes through the water, he leaves a trail of bubbles behind him, like the bubbling of boiling water in a pot"

He

The word "he" refers to Leviathan.

he makes the sea like a pot of ointment

The ointment in a pot is cloudy if someone shakes it, and the sea is muddy when Leviathan swims in it. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

one would think the deep had gray hair

This is because the bubbles in his wake are white.

Job 41:33-34

there is no equal to him

"no other creature is like Leviathan"

He sees everything that is proud

"He is very, very proud"

him ... He

The words "him" and "he" refer to Leviathan.

he is king over all the sons of pride

Leviathan is spoken of as if he were a person who is able to become king and be proud. AT: "Leviathan has more reason to be proud than anyone else on earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 42

Job 42:intro-0

Job 42 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 42:1-6, which is an extended quotation of Job.

Having faced the temptation to curse Yahweh, and after being rebuked by him, in the end Job shows his complete trust in Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/tempt.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/curse.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/trust.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Justice

Yahweh enacts justice at the end of this book. He punishes Job's friends and restores Job's blessings. Yahweh's blessing was not dependent upon Job's repentance, but upon Yahweh's grace. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/justice.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/restore.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/bless.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/repent.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/grace.md]])

Job 42:1-3

I know that you can do all things, that no purpose of yours can be stopped

You may want to repeat the words "I know." AT: "I know that you can do all things. I know that no purpose of yours can be stopped" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

no purpose of yours can be stopped

This can be translated in active form. AT: "no one can stop any of your plans" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Who is this

The ULB and most modern versions agree that Job is loosely quoting God's own words from Job 38:2. You may decide, as does the UDB, to make it clear that God asked this question of Job and that Job is now remembering it. AT: "You said to me, 'Who is this" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

conceals plans

That is, hides or misrepresents God's plans. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 42:4-6

but now my eye sees you

The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents understanding. AT: "but now I really understand you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

despise myself

Job's self is a metonym for what he said. AT: "I despise the things I said" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

despise

"intensely dislike" or "am unhappy with"

I repent in dust and ashes

Sitting in dust and ashes is a symbolic act showing the person is sorry. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/repent.md]]

Job 42:7-9

It came about that

This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.

Eliphaz the Temanite

See how you translated this man's name in Job 2:11

My wrath is kindled against you

Fire is a metaphor for anger, and starting a fire is a metaphor for becoming angry. AT: "I have become very angry with you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

seven bulls

"7 bulls" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

so that I may not deal with you after your folly

The abstract noun "folly" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "even though you have been very foolish, I will not punish you as you deserve" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Bildad the Shuhite

See how you translated this man's name in Job 2:11

Zophar the Naamathite

See how you translated this man's name in Job 2:11

Yahweh accepted Job

The person is a metonym for the prayer he prays. AT: "God accepted Job's prayer for his three friends" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 42:10-11

Yahweh restored his fortunes

"Yahweh restored his riches" or "Yahweh restored his wealth"

all who knew him before

"all the people he had known before"

translationWords

Job 42:12-14

more than the first

The words "he blesed" and "of Job's life" are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated here AT: "more than he blessed the first part of Job's life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

fourteen thousand sheep

14,000 sheep (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

six thousand camels

6,000 camels (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

one thousand yoke of oxen

1,000 yoke of oxen (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

seven sons and three daughters

7 sons and 3 daughters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

Jemimah ... Keziah ... Keren-Happuch

women's names (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

translationWords

Job 42:15-17

no women were found as beautiful as Job's daughters

"Job's daughters were more beautiful than all the other women"

lived 140 years

"lived 140 years" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

being old and full of days

The words "full of days" means basically the same thing as "being old." The two phrases form a common idiom. AT: "a very old man" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

open-licensed biblical content

Job

Job front

Job front:intro

Introduction to Job

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of Job

What is the Book of Job about?

How should the title of this book be translated?

Who wrote the Book of Job?

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

Does sin cause suffering?

Were Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar really Job's friends?

When did the events presented in the Book of Job take place?

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

What style of writing is in the Book of Job?

Is the Book of Job difficult to translate?

Job 1

Job 1:intro-0

Job 01 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

# Wealth

# Feasts

# Job's faith

Links:

Job 1:1-3

land of Uz

blameless and upright

one who feared God

turned from evil

seven sons and three daughters

He possessed seven thousand sheep

three thousand camels

five hundred pairs of oxen

greatest

all the people of the East

translationWords

Job 1:4-5

On each son's assigned day, he would give

he would give ... They would send and call for ... Job would send ... he would consecrate ... He would rise early in the morning and offer ... he would say

with them

When the days of the feast were over

Job would send for them

he would consecrate them

cursed God in their hearts

translationWords

Job 1:6-8

Then it was the day when

sons of God

to present themselves before Yahweh

Yahweh

From wandering on the earth, from going back and forth on it

Have you considered my servant Job?

a blameless and upright man

one who fears God

translationWords

Job 1:9-12

Does Job fear God without reason?

Have you not put a barrier around him, around his house, and around all that is his from every side

put a barrier around him, around his house, and around all that is his from every side

the deeds of his hands

his cattle have burst forth in the land

But now stretch out your hand and touch all that he has, and see if he does not curse you to your face

But now stretch out your hand

touch all that he has

to your face

Behold

all that he has is in your hand

against him himself

went away from the presence of Yahweh

translationWords

Job 1:13-15

the Sabeans

fell on them

have struck

the edge of the sword

translationWords

Job 1:16-17

While he was still speaking