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2 Timothy

2 Timothy front

2 Timothy front:intro

Introduction to 2 Timothy

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of the Book of 2 Timothy
  1. Paul greets Timothy and encourages him to endure hardship as he serves God (1:1-2:13).
  2. Paul gives general instructions to Timothy (2:14–26).
  3. Paul warns Timothy about future events and instructs him about how to carry out his service to God (3:1-4:8).
  4. Paul makes personal remarks (4:9-24).
Who wrote the Book of 2 Timothy?

Paul wrote 2 Timothy. He was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.

This book is the second letter Paul wrote Timothy. Timothy was his disciple and close friend. Paul wrote this letter while in prison in Rome. Paul would die soon after writing this letter.

What is the Book of 2 Timothy about?

Paul had left Timothy in the city of Ephesus to help the believers there. Paul wrote this letter to instruct Timothy about various matter. The topics he addressed include warnings about false teachers and enduring difficult situations. This letter also shows how Paul was training Timothy to be a leader among the churches.

How should the title of this book be translated?

Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "2 Timothy" or "Second Timothy." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Second Letter to Timothy" or "The Second Letter to Timothy." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

What is the soldier imagery in 2 Timothy?

As Paul waited in prison, knowing he would die soon, he often spoke of himself as a soldier of Jesus Christ. Soldiers answer to their leaders. In the same way, Christians answer to Jesus. As "soldiers" of Christ, believers are to obey his commands, even if they die as a result.

What does it mean that God inspired Scripture?

God is the true author of Scripture. He inspired the human authors who wrote the books. That means God in some way caused the people to write what they wrote. This is why it is also referred to as God's word. This implies several things about the Bible. First, the Bible is free from error and can be trusted. Second, we can rely on God to protect the scripture from those who want to distort it or destroy it. Third, God's word should be translated into all the world's languages.

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

Singular and plural "you"

In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. Here the word "you" is almost always singular and refers to Timothy. The exception to this is 4:22. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

What did Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.?

Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.

What are the major textual issues in the text of the Book of 2 Timothy?

The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of 2 Timothy:

  • "Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher" (1:11). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions read this way. There are some older versions, however, that read, "Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher to the Gentiles."
  • "Warn them before God" (2:14). The ULB, UDB, and many modern versions read this way. There are some versions that read, "Warn them before the Lord." Translators should consider using the same reading as in the other versions in their region.

(See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-textvariants/01.md]])

2 Timothy 1

2 Timothy 1:intro-0

2 Timothy 01 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter
# Spiritual children

Paul calls Timothy his "son." Paul was very involved in discipling Timothy. Because of this relationship, he called him his "spiritual" son. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/disciple.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/spirit.md]])

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
# Persecution

Both Paul and Timothy were suffering persecution when this letter was written. Paul takes the time to encourage Timothy in the midst of these difficulties. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Links:

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2 Timothy 1:1-2

General Information:

In this book, unless otherwise noted, the word "our" refers to Paul and Timothy (the one to whom this letter is written), as well as to all believers. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-inclusive/01.md]])

Paul ... to Timothy

Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. Also, immediately after introducing the author, you may need to tell to whom the letter is written, as in the UDB.

through the will of God

"because of God's will" or "because God wanted it." Paul became an apostle because God wanted him to be an apostle and not because a human being chose him.

according to

Possible meanings are 1) "for the purpose of." This means that God appointed Paul to tell others about God's promise of life in Jesus or 2) "in keeping with." This means that just as God promises that Jesus gives life, he has made Paul an apostle.

of the life that is in Christ Jesus

Paul speaks of "the life" as if it were an object inside of Jesus. This refers to the life people receive as a result of belonging to Christ Jesus. AT: "of the life that we receive as a result of belonging to Christ Jesus" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

beloved child

"dear child" or "child whom I love. Here "child" is a term of great love and approval. It is also likely that Timothy was converted to Christ by Paul, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. AT: "who is like my beloved child" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Grace, mercy, and peace from

"May grace, mercy, and peace be yours from" or "May you experience kindness, mercy, and peace within from"

God the Father and

"God, who is our Father, and." This is an important title for God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples/01.md]])

Christ Jesus our Lord

"Christ Jesus, who is our Lord"

translationWords

2 Timothy 1:3-5

whom I serve from my forefathers

"whom I serve as my ancestors did"

with a clean conscience

Paul speaks of his conscience as if it could be physically clean. This means that a person does not feel guilty because he has always tried to do what was right. AT: "knowing I have tried my hardest to do what is right" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

as I constantly remember you

"when I remember you continually" or "while I remember you all the time"

night and day

Here "night and day" are used together to mean "always." AT: "Always" or "Constantly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

I long to see you

"I want very much to see you"

I may be filled with joy

Paul speaks of himself as if he were a container that someone could fill. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I may be full of joy" or "I may have complete joy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

I remember your tears

Here "tears" represents crying. AT: "I remember how you cried for me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I have been reminded of your

This can be stated in active form. AT: "I also remember your" or "I also recall your" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

your genuine faith

"your faith that is real" or "your faith that is sincere"

faith, which lived first in your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice, and I am convinced that it lives in you also

Paul is speaking of their faith as if it were something that was alive and lived in them. Paul means they have the same sort of faith. This can be stated as a new sentence. AT: "faith. Lois, your grandmother, and Eunice, your mother, first had genuine faith, and I am confident that you have genuine faith as well" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Lois ... Eunice

These are names of women. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

translationWords

2 Timothy 1:6-7

Connecting Statement:

Paul encourages Timothy to live in power, love, and discipline and not to be ashamed because of Paul's suffering in prison because of his (Paul's) faith in Christ.

This is the reason

"For this reason" or "Because of your sincere faith in Jesus"

to rekindle the gift

Paul speaks about Timothy's need to start using his gift again as if he were restarting a fire. AT: "to start using again the gift" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the gift of God which is in you through the laying on of my hands

"the gift of God that you received when I laid my hands on you." This refers to a ceremony in which Paul placed his hands on Timothy and prayed that God would enable him to do the work he had commanded him to do.

God did not give us a spirit of fear, but of power and love and discipline

Possible meanings are 1) "spirit" refers to the "Holy Spirit." AT: "God's Holy Spirit does not cause us to be afraid. He causes us to have power and love and discipline" or 2) "spirit" refers to a characteristic. AT: "God does not cause us to be afraid but to have power and love and discipline"

discipline

Possible meanings are 1) the power to control ourselves or 2) the power to correct other people who are doing wrong.

translationWords

2 Timothy 1:8-11

of the testimony

"of testifying" or "of telling others"

his prisoner

"a prisoner for his sake" or "a prisoner because I testify about the Lord"

share in suffering for the gospel

Paul speaks of suffering as if it were an object that could be shared or distributed among people. AT: "suffer with me for the gospel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

gospel according to the power of God

"gospel, allowing God to make you strong"

with a holy calling

"with a calling that set us apart as his people" or "to be his holy people"

He did this

"He saved and called us"

not according to our works

"not because we did anything to deserve it"

but according to his own plan and grace

"but because he planned to show us kindness"

in Christ Jesus

"through our relationship to Christ Jesus"

before times ever began

"before the world began" or "before time began"

God's salvation has been revealed by the appearing of our Savior Christ Jesus

Paul speaks of salvation as if it were an object that could uncovered and shown to people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has shown how he will save us by sending our Savior Christ Jesus" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

who put an end to death

Paul speaks of death as if it were an independent process instead of the event of people dying. AT: "who destroyed death" or "who made it possible for people not to remain dead forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

brought life that never ends to light through the gospel

Paul speaks of teaching about eternal life as if it were an object that could be brought from darkness into light so that people could see it. AT: "taught what life that never ends is by preaching the gospel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I was appointed a preacher

This can be stated in active form. AT: "God chose me to be a preacher" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

2 Timothy 1:12-14

For this cause

"Because I am an apostle"

I also suffer these things

Paul is referring to being a prisoner.

I am persuaded

"I am convinced"

to keep that which I have entrusted to him

Paul is using a metaphor of a person leaving something with another person who is supposed to protect it until he gives it back to the first person. Possible meanings are 1) Paul is trusting Jesus to help him remain faithful, or 2) Paul is trusting that Jesus will ensure that people continue spreading the gospel message. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

that day

This refers to the day when God judges all people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Keep the example of faithful messages that you heard from me

"Keep teaching the correct ideas I have taught you" or "Use how I taught you as a pattern for what and how you should teach"

with the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus

"as you trust in Jesus Christ and love him"

The good thing

This refers to the work of proclaiming the gospel correctly.

guard it

Timothy needs to be alert because people will oppose his work, try to make him stop, and distort what he says.

through the Holy Spirit

"with the power of the Holy Spirit"

translationWords

2 Timothy 1:15-18

turned away from me

Paul speaks of their ceasing to help him as if they had physically moved away from him. They abandoned Paul because the authorities had thrown him into prison. AT: "have stopped helping me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Phygelus and Hermogenes ... Onesiphorus

These are names of men. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

to the household

"to the family"

was not ashamed of my chain

Here "chain" is a metonym for being in prison. Onesiphorus was not ashamed that Paul was in prison but came to visit him frequently. AT: "was not ashamed that I was in prison" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

May the Lord grant to him to find mercy from him

"May Onesiphorus receive mercy from the Lord" or "May the Lord show him mercy"

to find mercy from him

Paul speaks of mercy as if it were an object that could be found. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

on that day

This refers to the day when God will judge all people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

2 Timothy 2

2 Timothy 2:intro-0

2 Timothy 02 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations indent sayings to show that the author is quoting them. The ULB does this with the saying that Paul quotes in 2:11-13.

Special concepts in this chapter
# We will reign with him

The faithful Christians are said to reign with Christ in the future. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/faithful.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter
# Analogies

Paul draws on several analogies in this chapter to present his teaching about living as a Christian. First he uses the analogy of a soldier, then an athlete, and then that of a farmer. A little further on in the chapter, he also uses the analogy of different kinds of containers in a house, some for ordinary, everyday use, and others reserved for use on special occasions.

Links:

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2 Timothy 2:1-2

Connecting Statement:

Paul pictures Timothy's Christian life as a soldier's life, as a farmer's life, and as an athlete's life.

my child

Here "child" is a term of great love and approval. It is also likely that Timothy was converted to Christ by Paul, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. AT: "who is like my child" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

be strengthened in the grace that is in Christ Jesus

Paul speaks about the motivation and determination that God's grace allows believers to have. AT: "let God use the grace he gave you through your relationship to Christ Jesus to make you strong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

among many witnesses

"with many witnesses there to agree that what I said is true"

entrust them to faithful people

Paul speaks of his instructions to Timothy as if they were objects that Timothy could give to other people and trust them to use correctly. AT: "commit them" or "teach them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

faithful

"trustworthy"

translationWords

2 Timothy 2:3-5

Suffer hardship with me

Possible meanings are 1) "Endure suffering as I do" or 2) "Share in my suffering"

as a good soldier of Christ Jesus

Paul compares suffering for Christ Jesus to the suffering that a good soldier endures. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

No soldier serves while entangled in the affairs of this life

"No soldier serves when he is involved in the everyday business of this life" or "When soldiers are serving, they do not get distracted by the ordinary things that people do." Christ's servants should not allow everyday life to keep them from working for Christ.

while entangled

Paul speaks of this distraction as if it were a net that tripped people up as they were walking. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

his superior officer

"his leader" or "the one who commands him"

as an athlete, he is not crowned unless he competes by the rules

Paul is implicitly speaking of Christ's servants as if they were athletes. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he is not crowned unless he competes by the rules

This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will crown him as winner only if he competes by the rules" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

he is not crowned

"he does not win the prize." Athletes in Paul's time were crowned with wreaths made from the leaves of plants when they won competitions.

competes by the rules

"competes according to the rules" or "strictly obeys the rules"

translationWords

2 Timothy 2:6-7

It is necessary that the hardworking farmer receive his share of the crops first

This is the third metaphor Paul gives Timothy about working. The reader should understand that Christ's servants need to work hard. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Think about what I am saying

Paul gave Timothy word pictures, but he did not completely explain their meanings. He expected Timothy to figure out what he was saying about Christ's servants.

in everything

"about everything"

translationWords

2 Timothy 2:8-10

Connecting Statement:

Paul gives Timothy instructions on how to live for Christ, how to suffer for Christ, and how to teach others to live for Christ.

from David's seed

This is a metaphor that means Jesus descended from David. AT: "who is a descendant of David" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

who was raised from the dead

"Raised" here is an idiom for "caused to live again." This can be stated in active form. AT: "whom God caused to live again" or "whom God raised from the dead" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] or [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

from the dead

From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To come back from among them speaks of becoming alive again.

according to my gospel message

Paul speaks of the gospel message as if it were especially his. He means that this is the gospel message that he proclaims. AT: "according to the gospel message that I preach" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

to the point of being bound with chains as a criminal

Here "being chained" represents being a prisoner. This can be stated in active form. AT: "to the point of wearing chains as a criminal in prison" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the word of God is not bound

Here "chained" represents being a prisoner. Here this is a metaphor that means no one can stop God's message. "Word of God" here is a metonym for the message from God. AT: "God's message cannot be stopped" or "no one can put the word of God in prison" or "no one can stop the word of God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

for those who are chosen

This can be stated in active form. AT: "for the people whom God has chosen" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

may obtain the salvation that is in Christ Jesus

Paul speaks of salvation as if it were an object that could be physically grasped. AT: "will receive salvation from Christ Jesus" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

with eternal glory

"and that they will be forever with him in the glorious place where he is"

translationWords

2 Timothy 2:11-13

This is a trustworthy saying

"These are words you can trust"

If we have died with him ... he cannot deny himself

This is most likely a song or poem that Paul is quoting. If your language has a way of indicating that this is poetry you could use it here. If not, you could translate this as regular prose rather than poetry. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-poetry/01.md]])

died with him

Paul uses this expression to mean that people share in Christ's death when they trust in him, deny their own wants, and obey him.

if we are unfaithful

"even if we fail God" or "even if we do not do what we believe God wants us to do"

he cannot deny himself

"he must always act according to his character" or "he cannot act in ways that are the opposite of his real character"

translationWords

2 Timothy 2:14-15

General Information:

The word "them" may refer to "the teachers" or "the people of the church"

before God

Paul speaks of God's awareness of Paul as if he is in God's physical presence. This implies that God will be Timothy's witness. AT: "in God's presence" or "with God as your witness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

against quarreling about words

Possible meanings are 1) "not to argue about foolish things that people say" or 2) "not to quarrel about what words mean"

it is of no value

"this does not benefit anyone"

to present yourself to God as one approved, a worker who has no reason to be ashamed

"to present yourself to God as a person who has proven to be worthy and with no cause for shame"

a worker

Paul presents the idea of Timothy correctly explaining God's word as if he were a skilled workman. AT: "like a workman" or "like a worker" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

accurately teaches the word of truth

Here "word" means a message. AT: "explaining the true message correctly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

2 Timothy 2:16-18

which leads to more and more godlessness

Paul speaks of this kind of talk as if it were something that could physically move to another location, and he speaks of godlessness as if it were that new location. AT: "which causes people to become more and more ungodly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Their talk will spread like cancer

Cancer quickly spreads in a person's body and destroys it. This is a metaphor that means what those people were saying would spread from person to person and harm the faith of those who heard it. AT: "What they say will spread like an infectious disease" or "Their talk will spread quickly and cause destruction like cancer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Hymenaeus and Philetus

These are names of men. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

who have gone astray from the truth

Here "gone astray from the truth" is a metaphor for no longer believing or teaching what is true. AT: "who have started saying things that are not true" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the resurrection has already happened

"God has already raised dead believers to eternal life"

they destroy the faith of some

"they cause some people to stop believing"

translationWords

2 Timothy 2:19-21

General Information:

Just as precious and common containers can be used for honorable ways in a wealthy house, any person who turns to God can be used by God in honorable ways in doing good works. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the firm foundation of God stands

Possible meanings are 1) "God's truth is like a firm foundation" or 2) "God has established his people like a building on a firm foundation" or 3) "God's faithfulness is like a firm foundation." In any case, Paul speaks of this idea as if it were a building's foundation laid in the ground. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

who names the name of the Lord

"who calls on the name of the Lord." Here "name of the Lord" refers to the Lord himself. AT: "who calls on the Lord" or "who says he is a believer in Christ" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

depart from unrighteousness

Paul speaks of unrighteousness as if it were a place from which one could leave. AT: "stop being evil" or "stop doing wrong things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

containers of gold and silver ... containers of wood and clay

Here "containers" is a general word for bowls, plates, and pots, which people put food or drink into or on. If your language does not have a general word, use the word for "bowls" or "pots." Paul is using this as a metaphor to describe different types of people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

honorable use ... dishonorable

Possible meanings are 1) "special occasions ... ordinary times" or 2) "the kinds of activities people do in public ... the kinds of activities people do in private."

cleans himself from dishonorable use

Possible meanings are 1) "separates himself from dishonorable people" or 2) "makes himself pure." In any case, Paul speaks of this process as if it were a person washing himself. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he is an honorable container

Paul speaks about this person as if he were an honorable container. AT: "he is like the container that is useful for special occasions" or "he is like the container that is useful for activities good people do in public" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

He is set apart, useful to the Master, and prepared for every good work

This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Master sets him apart, and he is ready for the Master to use him for every good work" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

He is set apart

He is not set apart physically or in the sense of location, but instead to fulfill a purpose. Some versions translate this "sanctified," but the text signals the essential idea of being set apart. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

2 Timothy 2:22-23

Flee youthful lusts

Paul speaks about youthful lusts as if they are a dangerous person or animal that Timothy should run away from. AT: "Completely avoid youthful lusts" or "Absolutely refuse to do the wrong things that young people strongly desire to do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Pursue righteousness

Here "Pursue" means the opposite of "Flee." Paul speaks of righteousness as if it is an object that Timothy should run towards because it will do him good. AT: "Try your best to obtain righteousness" or "Seek after righteousness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

with those

Possible meanings are 1) Paul wants Timothy to join with other believers in pursuing righteousness, faith, love, and peace, or 2) Paul wants Timothy to be at peace and not argue with other believers.

those who call on the Lord

Here "call on the Lord" is an idiom that means to trust and worship the Lord. AT: "those who worship the Lord" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

out of a clean heart

"Heart" here is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." AT: "from right thoughts and good intentions" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

refuse foolish and ignorant questions

"refuse to answer foolish and ignorant questions." Paul means that the people who ask such questions are foolish and ignorant. AT: "refuse to answer the questions that foolish people who do not want to know the truth ask" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

they give birth to arguments

Paul speaks of ignorant questions as if they were women giving birth to children. AT: "they cause arguments" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

2 Timothy 2:24-26

in meekness

"meekly" or "gently"

educate those

"teach those" or "correct those"

God may perhaps give them repentance

Paul speaks of repentance as if it were an object that God could give people. AT: "God may give them the opportunity to repent" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

for the knowledge of the truth

"so that they will know the truth"

They may become sober again

Paul speaks of sinners learning to think correctly about God as if they were drunk people becoming sober again. AT: "They may think correctly again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

leave the devil's trap

Paul speaks of the devil's ability to convince Christians to sin as if it were a trap. AT: "stop doing what the devil wants" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

after they have been captured by him for his will

Convincing Christians to sin is spoken of as if the devil had physically captured them and made them his slaves. This can be stated in active form. AT: "after he has deceived them into obeying his will" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

2 Timothy 3

2 Timothy 3:intro-0

2 Timothy 03 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The passage in 2 Timothy 3:1-9 describes a prophecy concerning the last days. Verse 2 Timothy 3:13 should also be included in this prophecy. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/prophet.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/lastday.md]])

Links:

<< | >>

2 Timothy 3:1-4

Connecting Statement:

Paul lets Timothy know that in the future people will stop believing the truth, but he should continuing trusting God's word even when he is persecuted.

In the last days

Possible meanings are 1) this is a time later than Paul's time. AT: "in the future just before Jesus returns" or 2) this refers to the Christian age, including Paul's time. AT: "during this period of time before the end"

difficult times

These will be days, months, or even years when Christians will endure suffering and danger.

lovers of themselves

Here "lovers" refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member, a natural human love between friends or relatives. This is not the kind of love that comes from God. AT: "self-centered"

boastful

talking about oneself in a proud way

without natural affection

"not loving their own families"

unable to reconcile

"not agreeing with anyone" or "not living in peace with anyone"

slanderers

"false accusers"

not lovers of good

This can be stated in positive form. AT: "haters of good"

reckless

"impulsive" or "foolhardy." This describes people who do things without thinking about the consequences or even though they know that bad things could happen as a result.

conceited

"the type of people who think they are better than others"

translationWords

2 Timothy 3:5-7

They will have a shape of godliness, but they will deny its power

Paul speaks of godliness, the habit of honoring God, as if it were a physical object that had a shape and had physical power. AT: "They will appear to honor God, but they way they act will show that they do not really believe in God's power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

have a shape of godliness

"appear to have godliness" or "appear to honor God"

Turn away from these people

"Turn away" here is an idiom for "change direction away from." Paul may be speaking of physically turning away from these people, but he wants his readers to do whatever they can to avoid them in general. AT: "Avoid these people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

enter into households and captivate

"enter into houses and greatly influence"

foolish women

"women who are spiritually weak." These women may be spiritually be weak because they fail to work at becoming godly or because they are idle and have many sins.

who are heaped up with sins

Paul speaks of the attraction of sin as if sin were heaped up on the backs of these women. Possible meanings are 1) "who sin often" or 2) "who feel terrible guilt because they continue to sin." The idea is that these men can easily influence these women because the women are unable to stop sinning. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

are led away by various desires

Paul speaks about these various desires as if they could lead another person away. This can be stated in active form. AT: "they desire to sin in various ways rather than obey Christ" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

2 Timothy 3:8-9

Connecting Statement:

Paul gives an example of two false teachers from the time of Moses and applies it to the way people will be. Paul encourages Timothy to follow his own example and stay in God's word.

Jannes and Jambres

These are names of men. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

stood against

Paul speaks of those who argue against someone as if they were standing against them. AT: "opposed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

stand against the truth

"oppose the gospel of Jesus"

They are men corrupt in mind

"Their minds are corrupt" or "They cannot think rightly"

and with regard to the faith they are proven to be false

They have been tested in how well they trust in Christ and obey him, and they have failed the test. AT: "and without sincere faith" or "and they have shown that their faith is not genuine"

they will not advance very far

Paul uses an expression about physical movement to mean that the false teachers will not have much success among the believers. AT: "they will not have much success" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

foolishness

"lack of understanding" or "folly"

obvious

"easily known"

of those men

"of Jannes and Jambres"

translationWords

2 Timothy 3:10-13

you have followed my teaching

Paul speaks of giving close attention to these things as if one were physically following them as they moved. AT: "you have observed my teaching" or "you have payed close attention to my teaching" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

teaching

"instruction"

conduct

"way of life"

longsuffering

"patience with people"

patience

"endurance in difficult situations"

Out of them all, the Lord rescued me

Paul speaks of God having stopped him from suffering these hardships and dangers as if God had carried him out of a physical location. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

to live in a godly manner in Christ Jesus

"to live godly lives as followers of Jesus"

will be persecuted

This can be stated in active form. AT: "will certainly have to endure persecution" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

impostors

"deceivers" or "people who pretend to be different than they really are"

will go from bad to worse

"will become even more evil"

leading others and themselves astray

Here, to lead someone astray is a metaphor for persuading someone to believe something that is not true. AT: "deceiving themselves and others" or "believing lies and teaching lies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

2 Timothy 3:14-15

remain in the things that you have learned

Paul speaks of biblical instruction as if it were a place that Timothy could stay in. AT: "do not forget what you learned" or "continue doing what you have learned" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the sacred writings. These are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus

Paul speaks of the sacred writings as if they were a person who could make someone else wise. AT: "that when you read the word of God, you can become wise so as to receive salvation from Christ Jesus by faith" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

2 Timothy 3:16-17

All scripture has been inspired by God

Some Bibles translate this as "All scripture is God-breathed." This means God produced the scripture through his Spirit by telling people what to write. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has spoken all scripture by his Spirit" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

It is profitable

"It is useful" or "It is beneficial"

for conviction

"for pointing out errors"

for correction

"for fixing errors"

for training in righteousness

"for training people to be righteous"

the man of God

This means any believer in God whether male or female. AT: "all believers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-gendernotations/01.md]])

may be competent, equipped

"may be completely prepared"

translationWords

2 Timothy 4

2 Timothy 4:intro-0

2 Timothy 04 General Notes

Structure and formatting
# "I solemnly command you"

Paul begins to give personal instructions to Timothy.

Special concepts in this chapter
# Crown

In Scripture, there are several different types of crowns used as images for different things. It appears the crown in this chapter is achieved or awarded at the end of a person's life.

Links:

<< |

2 Timothy 4:1-2

Connecting Statement:

Paul continues to remind Timothy to be faithful and that he, Paul, is ready to die.

this solemn command before God and Christ Jesus

"this solemn command in the presence of God and Christ Jesus." It is implied that God and Jesus will be Paul's witnesses. AT: "this solemn command having as my witnesses God and Christ Jesus" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

solemn command

"serious command"

the living and the dead

Here "the living" and "the dead" are used together to mean all people. AT: "all people who have ever lived" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

the dead, and because of his appearing and his kingdom

Here "kingdom" stands for Christ's rule as king. AT: "the dead when he returns to rule as king" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the Word

"Word" here is a metonym for "message." AT: "the message about Christ" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

when it is not

Here the word "convenient" is understood. AT: "when it is not convenient" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

Reprove

tell someone he is guilty of doing wrong

exhort, with all patience and teaching

"exhort, and teach the people, and always be patient with them"

translationWords

2 Timothy 4:3-5

For the time will come when

"Because at some time in the future"

people

The context indicates that these will be people who are a part of the community of believers.

will not endure sound teaching

"will no longer want to listen to sound teaching"

sound teaching

This means the teaching that is true and correct, according to God's word.

they will heap up for themselves teachers according to their own desires

Paul speaks of people obtaining many teachers as if it were putting them into a heap or pile. AT: "they will listen to many teachers who assure them that there is nothing wrong with their sinful desires" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

who say what their itching ears want to hear

Paul speaks of people strongly wanting to hear something as if their ears itched and could only be satisfied if teachers taught them what they wanted to hear. AT: "who say only what they want so much to hear" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

They will turn their hearing away from the truth

Paul speaks about people no longer paying attention as if they were physically turning away so they cannot hear. AT: "They will no longer pay attention to the truth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they will turn aside to myths

"Turn aside" here is an idiom for "change direction toward." AT: "they will change direction toward teachings that are not true" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

be sober-minded

Paul wants his readers to think correctly about everything, and he speaks about them as if he wanted them to be sober, that is, not drunk with wine. AT: "think clearly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the work of an evangelist

This means to tell people about who Jesus is, what he did for them, and how they are to live for him.

translationWords

2 Timothy 4:6-8

I am already being poured out

Paul speaks of his readiness to die as if he were a cup of wine ready to be poured out as a sacrifice to God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

The time of my departure has come

Here "departure" is a polite way of referring to death. AT: "Soon I will die and leave this world" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

I have competed in the good contest

Paul speaks of his hard work as if he had been an athlete competing for a prize. AT: "I have done my best" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I have finished the race

Paul speaks of his life of service to God as if he had been running a race on foot. AT: "I have completed what I needed to do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I have kept the faith

Paul speaks of his trust in Christ and his obedience to God as if they were a valuable object that he kept in his possession. Possible meanings are 1) "I have been faithful in doing my ministry" or 2) "I have kept the teachings about what we believe from any error" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

The crown of righteousness has been reserved for me

This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has reserved the crown of righteousness for me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

crown of righteousness

Possible meanings are 1) the crown is the prize that God gives to people who have lived the right way or 2) the crown is a metaphor for righteousness. Just as the judge of a race gives a crown to the winner, when Paul finishes his life, God will declare that Paul is righteous. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

crown

a wreath made of laurel tree leaves that was given to winners of athletic contests

on that day

"on the day when the Lord comes again" or "on the day when God judges people"

but also to all those who have loved his appearing

Paul speaks about this event as if it has already happened. It can be stated as a future event. AT: "but also he will give it to those who are eagerly waiting for him to return" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-pastforfuture/01.md]])

translationWords

2 Timothy 4:9-10

Connecting Statement:

Paul talks of specific people and how they behaved, of God's work for and to him, and then closes with greetings to and from certain people.

quickly

"as soon as possible"

Demas ... Crescens ... Titus

These are names of men. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

this present world

Here "world" refers to worldly things as opposed to the things of God. Possible meanings are 1) he loves the temporary comforts of this world or 2) he is afraid he will die if he remains with Paul. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Crescens went ... and Titus went

These two men had left Paul, but Paul is not saying that they also "love this present world" like Demas.

Dalmatia

This is the name of a land region. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

translationWords

2 Timothy 4:11-13

he is useful to me in the work

Possible meanings are 1) "he can help me in the ministry" or 2) "he can help me by serving me."

cloak

a heavy garment worn over clothes

Carpus

This is the name of a man. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

the books

This refers to scrolls. A scroll was a type of book made of one long sheet of papyrus or leather. After writing on a scroll or reading it, people rolled it up using rods on the ends

especially the parchments

This may refer to a specific type of scroll. AT: "especially those made from animal skins" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

2 Timothy 4:14-16

Alexander the coppersmith displayed

"Alexander, who works with metal, displayed"

Alexander

This is the name of a man. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

displayed many evil deeds against me

Paul speaks of doing evil deeds as if they were put on display. AT: "did many evil things to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

The Lord will repay him according to his deeds

Paul speaks of punishment as if it were payment. AT: "The Lord will punish him for what he has done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

him ... his ... him ... he

These all refer to Alexander.

opposed our words

Here "words" refers to a message or teaching. AT: "opposed the message that we teach" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

At my first defense

"When I first appeared in court and explained my actions"

no one stood with me

"no one stayed with me and helped me"

May it not be counted against them

This can be stated in active form. AT: "May God not count it against them" or "I pray that God does not punish those believers for leaving me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

2 Timothy 4:17-18

the Lord stood by me

Paul is speaking as if the Lord had physically stood with him. AT: "the Lord helped me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

so that, through me, the message might be fully proclaimed

This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that I was able to speak all of the Lord's message" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

I was rescued out of the lion's mouth

Paul is speaking about danger as if he had been threatened by a lion. This danger could have been physical, spiritual, or both. AT: "I was rescued from great danger" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

2 Timothy 4:19-22

house of Onesiphorus

Here "house" stands for the people who live there. AT: "family of Onesiphorus" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Onesiphorus

This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in 2 Timothy 1:16.

Erastus ... Trophimus ... Eubulus ... Pudens, Linus

These are all names of men. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Miletus

This is the name of a city to the south of Ephesus. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Do your best to come

"Make a way to come"

before winter

"before the cold season"

greets you, also Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the brothers

This can be translated as a new sentence. AT: "greets you. Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the brothers also greet you"

Claudia

This is a female name. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

all the brothers

Here "brothers" means all believers whether male or female. AT: "all the believers here" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-gendernotations/01.md]])

May the Lord be with your spirit

"I pray that the Lord makes your spirit strong." Here "you" is singular and refers to Timothy. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

May grace be with you

"I pray that the Lord shows his grace to all of you there." Here "you" is plural and refers to all the believers there with Timothy. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

grace

"his kindness" or "his favor"

translationWords