Psalms

Psalms front

Psalms front:intro

Introduction to Psalms

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of Psalms

Book One (Psalms 1-41)
Book Two (Psalms 42-72)
Book Three (Psalms 73-89)
Book Four (Psalms 90-106)
Book Five (Psalms 107-150)

What is the Book of Psalms?

The Book of Psalms is a collection of songs that were written for different reasons. In some psalms, the psalmists (that is, the psalm writers) expressed their praise for God. In other psalms, they asked God for help and expressed confidence in his love and power. In still other psalms, the psalmists confessed their sins and begged for mercy. The Israelites wrote some psalms to pray for military victory over the nation's enemies. Still other psalms celebrated the event of a new king beginning his reign. Psalmists also wrote to praise the city of Jerusalem. Some psalms were written to instruct people on how to be wise, that is, how to obey the law of Moses and to honor God. In addition, some psalms became popular for pilgrims to sing while traveling to Jerusalem to worship there. Some psalms apparently became favorite songs of praise to sing in the temple worship of God.

How should the title of this book be translated?

Another title of this book means, "Songs of Praise." Translators may express this meaning in their own languages, or they may choose to transliterate a name from other language versions if it is well-known. For example, the French title "Les Psaumes" might be understood by everyone in a project language, if French is the language of wider communication in the region. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

When was the Book of Psalms written?

The Psalms were written from around 1400 B.C. to about the time they were collected in the 200 B.C. One of the earliest psalms was written by Moses, perhaps about 1400 B.C. David's psalms have been dated between 1020 and 975 B.C. Asaph's psalms are probably from the same time as David's. The psalms of Korah may have come from the time just before the destruction of Jerusalem and the exile to Babylonia (587 B.C.).

No psalm is definitely identified as having been written after the exile. The exile ended in 538 B.C. However, Psalms 126 and 137 appear to date from the period after the exile.

What are the Messianic psalms?

Some psalms are called "Messianic psalms." These are psalms that New Testament writers considered to prophesy about the Messiah, Jesus Christ. The psalms usually considered to be Messianic are Psalms 2, 8, 16, 22, 34, 40, 41, 45, 68, 69, 89, 102, 109, 110, and 118. Each of these psalms is cited at least one time in the New Testament.

What are superscriptions in the Psalms?

Superscriptions are the information that is given before the beginning of many psalms. Seventy-three psalms are called "A psalm of David," which may mean they were written by King David. Or, it could mean they were written for David or in the style that David used when he composed poetry. For some psalms, the superscriptions give the historical situations in which they were written.

Some superscriptions give instructions about how they should be played and sung. They tell which instruments, singers, or melodies that should be used for that psalm. Fifty-five psalms are addressed "to the choirmaster" or "chief musician." These seem to have been meant for use in temple worship.

Some of the expressions in the superscriptions are difficult to understand, so modern versions often have different interpretations of them.

English versions do not traditionally give verse numbers to the superscriptions, but many versions in other languages do. Whatever choice about how to indicate verses is made in other versions, the superscriptions in the Psalms should be considered as part of the divinely inspired biblical text.

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

What are some important ways in which Yahweh is pictured in the Book of Psalms?

Yahweh is often pictured as:

a king who rules over the nation of Israel and over all the nations
a shepherd who leads the people of Israel and also the individual psalm writers
a "rock," that is, a high rocky mountain on which someone can be completely safe from his enemies
a strong warrior who always defeats his enemies

What is the importance of honor and shame in the Book of Psalms?

When people honor someone, they think well of him and may even admire him. On the other hand, if people shame someone, that person loses honor and is disgraced. Psalmists often express a great desire that Yahweh would be honored by the Israelites and also by the rest of the world. In addition, psalmists often express fear that they will be shamed by their enemies. When they feel this way, the psalmists speak of their trust that Yahweh will not allow this to happen.

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

Why do the ULB and UDB display the Book of Psalms as poetry, but some modern versions do not?

The Psalms were written as Hebrew poetry. This style typically uses pairs of poetic lines that relate to each other in different ways. Usually, poetic lines are said to be "parallel" to each other. The ULB and UDB use indentation to show that the writing is poetry rather than prose. A line that is indented further to the right is paired with the line above it. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Translators will have to decide whether or not to present the Psalms as poetry in their own language. Translators will need to consider whether their language has poetic forms that are suitable for expressing the thought of the Psalms. Some translators will decide to present the Book of Psalms not as poetry but as prose.

Why do some versions number the Psalms differently than others?

From ancient times, people have numbered the Psalms differently. The Jews numbered the Psalms in Hebrew in one way. When they translated the Psalms into Greek, they numbered them in a different way. As a result, the Hebrew numbering and the Greek numbering of Psalms were both passed down through the centuries. They are both still in use today. Translators will probably want to use the numbering that most versions in their own country use.

How should the translator view the terms Selah and Higgaion that occur in various psalms?

These seem to be musical terms that were inserted as directions for singers and people playing on accompanying instruments. Because there is no widespread agreement on their meaning, translators may decide to leave them out.

Psalms 1

Psalms 1:intro-0

Psalm 001 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 1 is usually considered to be a "wisdom psalm," which gives advice to those who hear it read or sung. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Blessed

A main theme in this psalm is what it means to be blessed. Here "blessed" refers to anyone who is well off because of a good relationship to God. The contrasting theme is that there are ungodly people, those who refuse to honor God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/bless.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/ungodly.md]])

# People who opposed Yahweh

There are several words in this psalm for those who oppose God: "the wicked" (those who do evil), "sinners" (those who ignore God's law), and "mockers" (those who mock God and the righteous people). (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/lawofmoses.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/righteous.md]])

Psalms 1:1-2

General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-poetry/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

who does not walk in the advice of the wicked

The "advice of the wicked" is spoken of as if it were a path to follow. AT: "who does not follow the advice of the wicked" or "who does not do what wicked people advise" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

stand in the pathway with sinners

Here the word "pathway" represents the way people live. The word "stand" is in parallel with "walk." AT: "imitate the behavior of sinful people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

or sit in the assembly of mockers

Sitting with people who mock God represents joining people who mock God. AT: "or join those who mock God" or "or mock God with others who mock him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

delight

"contentment" or "joy"

Yahweh

This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.

translationWords

Psalms 1:3

General Information:

This passage introduces an elaborate image in which a righteous person is thought of in terms of a flourishing tree.

He will be like a tree ... fruit in its season

In the Bible, people are often spoken of as trees. People who delight in Yahweh's law can do all God wants them to do just as a tree that is planted by water produces good fruit. AT: "He will be prosperous like a tree ... fruit in its season" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

planted by the streams of water

A tree that is planted by a stream can get enough water to be healthy.

that produces its fruit in its season

Healthy trees produce good fruit at the right time.

whose leaves do not wither

If a tree gets enough water, its leaves do not dry out and die.

whatever he does will prosper

"He will be successful at whatever he does"

translationWords

Psalms 1:4-5

The wicked are not so

How they are not like that can be stated clearly. "The wicked are not prosperous" or "The wicked do not prosper" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

but are instead like the chaff

How they are like chaff can be stated clearly. AT: "but instead they are worthless like the chaff" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

will not stand in the judgment

Possible meanings are 1) not standing in the judgment is a metonym for being judged by God and having to leave his presence. AT: "will not continue to stay before God when he judges them" or "will have to leave God's presence when he judges them as guilty" or 2) not standing in the judgment is a metaphor for being condemned in the judgment. "AT: "will be condemned in the judgment" or "will be condemned when God judges them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in the judgment

The noun judgment can be expressed as a verb. This probably refers to the final judgment when God judges all people. AT: "when God judges everyone"

nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous

Translators can supply the verb "stand." AT: "neither will sinners stand in the assembly of the righteous" or "and sinners will not stand in the assembly of the righteous" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous

Being accepted by God as righteous is spoken of as standing with the group of righteous people. AT: "and God will not accept sinners along with the righteous people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 1:6

For Yahweh approves of the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish

These two clauses contrast what happens to righteous people with what happens to wicked people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

the way of the righteous

How people live is spoken of as if it were a "way" or "road" that they are walking on. AT: "how the righteous live" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the way of the wicked will perish

How people live and what they do is spoken of as if it were a "way" or "road" that they walk on. Possible meanings are 1) the way perishing represents the wicked perishing because of how they live. AT: "The wicked will die because of how they live" or 2) the way perishing is a metaphor for no longer being able to live the way they do. AT: "the wicked will no longer be able to live the way they live" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 2

Psalms 2:intro-0

Psalm 002 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 2 is usually considered a royal psalm because it is about the king. It was probably first sung when a new person became the king. It is often thought to be about the Messiah because of verse 6 and 7 reference the Son of God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/christ.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sonofgod.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's protection

The main theme of this psalm is that God is protecting and empowering the king he has appointed and that it is useless for the foreign nations to oppose God and his king.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphor

"Today I have begotten you" here is a metaphor meaning that God acknowledges the king as his special person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Psalms 2:1-3

General Information:

Why are the nations in turmoil, and why do the peoples make plots that will fail?

These questions are used to show surprise that the people are doing things that are so wrong and foolish. AT: "The nations are in turmoil and the peoples are making plots that will fail." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

are the nations in turmoil

This probably means that the nations were making a noisy and angry commotion.

the nations

This represents either the leaders or the people of the nations. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

plots that will fail

These are probably plots against God and his people.

The kings of the earth take their stand together ... the rulers conspire together

These two clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

take their stand together ... conspire together

These phrases mean the same thing, implying that the leaders stand together in order to fight against Yahweh and his Messiah. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "gather to fight ... plan together to revolt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Let us tear off the shackles ... throw off their chains

The people of other nations speak of Yahweh and the Messiah's rule over them as if it were shackles and chains. AT: "We should free ourselves from their control; we should not let them rule over us any longer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 2:4-5

He ... the Lord

These phrases refer to Yahweh. Yahweh is often called "the Lord" but the words for "Yahweh" and "the Lord" are different.

sits in the heavens

Here sitting represents ruling. What he sits on can be stated clearly. AT: "rules in the heavens" or "sits on his throne in heaven" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the Lord mocks them

"the Lord mocks those people." Why he mocks them can be stated clearly. AT: "The Lord mocks them for their foolish plans" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

terrify them in his rage

The abstract noun "rage" can be stated as "furious." AT: "he will be furious and terrify them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

terrify

"frighten"

translationWords

Psalms 2:6-7

I myself

Yahweh is emphasizing that he, and not someone else, has anointed his king.

anointed my king

"appointed my king to rule"

I will announce a decree of Yahweh. He

The person saying this is the king. This can be stated clearly. AT: "The king says, 'I will announce a decree of Yahweh.' He" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

He said to me

"Yahweh said to me"

You are my son! This day I have become your father

Among many peoples in that part of the world then, men could decide to legally adopt children, who would become their heirs. Here Yahweh adopts a man and makes him king of Israel. AT: "I make you my son. This day I have become your father" or "Now you are my son and am your father"

translationWords

Psalms 2:8-9

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues speaking to the new king of Israel.

the nations for your inheritance ... the farthermost regions of the earth for your possession

These phrases express very similar ideas. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

the farthermost regions of the earth

"the lands that are very far away"

You will break them with an iron rod; like a jar of a potter, you will smash them to pieces

These phrases express very similar ideas. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

You will break them with an iron rod

Defeating the nations is spoken of as breaking them, and his power is spoken of as an iron rod. AT: "You will defeat them completely by your power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you will smash them to pieces

Destroying nations is spoken of as if they could be smashed like a clay jar. AT: you will completely destroy them like a clay pot" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

a jar of a potter

A potter is a person who makes clay pots and jars. These are fragile and can be broken easily. AT: "a clay jar" or "a clay pot" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 2:10-11

So now, you kings, be warned; be corrected, you rulers of the earth

These two phrases have similar meanings. AT: "So now, you kings and rulers of the earth, be warned and corrected" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

be warned

This can be stated with an active form. AT: "listen to this warning" or "be wise" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

be corrected

This can be stated with an active form. AT: "listen to this correction" or "take this correction" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 2:12

Kiss the son

People would show their king that they were loyal to him by kissing him, perhaps on the feet. AT: "Show the son that you are truly loyal to him" or "Bow down humbly before his son" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

you will die in the way

This may refer to dying right there, before the person has a chance to go away. AT: "you will die immediately"

when his anger burns for just a moment

The king's anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that could burn. AT: "when he suddenly becomes very angry" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

seek refuge in him

Asking the king for protection is spoken of as seeking refuge in him. AT: "ask the king to protect them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 3

Psalms 3:intro-0

Psalm 003 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 3 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a morning song intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during morning worship. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/temple.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's protection

Although the psalmist has many enemies and is saying he is without help, God is protecting him and delivering him from danger.

Psalms 3:1-2

General Information:

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

Yahweh, how many are my enemies!

This exclamation shows that David is afraid of his enemies. AT: "Oh Yahweh, I have so many enemies!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclamations/01.md]])

have risen against me

Fighting against someone is spoken of as rising against him. AT: "come against me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Selah

This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 3:3-4

you, Yahweh, are a shield around me

A shield protects a soldier. David speaks as if God were a shield protecting him. AT: "you, Yahweh, protect me like a shield" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my glory

"you are my glory." By calling God his glory, David says that God is the one who gives him glory. Since David has just spoken about his enemies and God being his protector, he probably meant that God gives him glory by giving him victory over his enemies. AT: "you are the one who gives me glory" or "you are the one who gives me victory" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the one who lifts up my head

"you are the one who lifts up my head." Giving someone courage is spoken of as lifting up his head. AT: "the one who encourages me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I lift up my voice

Using one's voice to cry out is spoken as as lifting up his voice. AT: "I cry out" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Selah

This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in (Psalms 3:1). (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 3:5-6

have set themselves against me on every side

"have surrounded me to destroy me"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/yahweh.md]]

Psalms 3:7-8

Rise up

David speaks of starting to do something as getting up. AT: "Take action" or "Do something" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

hit all my enemies ... break the teeth of the wicked

These phrases say very similar things. The phrases "my enemies" and "the wicked" refer to the same group of people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

For you will hit all my enemies on the jaw

This was a way of insulting people. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically hit his enemies. AT: "For you will insult all my enemies like someone hitting them on the jaw" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you will break the teeth of the wicked

Animals attack with their teeth. Breaking their teeth takes away their power to attack. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically fight against the wicked. AT: "you will make the wicked unable to harm me like someone breaking the teeth of a ferocious animal" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Salvation comes from Yahweh

The abstract noun "salvation" can be expressed with the verb "save." AT: "Yahweh saves his people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 4

Psalms 4:intro-0

Psalm 004 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 4 is a psalm of deliverance. It is an evening song, intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during evening worship. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/temple.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Trust

God protects all those who truly trust in him for protection. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/trust.md]])

Psalms 4:1

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

on stringed instruments

"people should play stringed instruments with this song"

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

Answer me when I call

"Respond to me when I call" or "Help me when I call"

God of my righteousness

"God, who shows that I am righteous"

give me room when I am hemmed in

Being in danger is spoken of as being in a narrow space. AT: "rescue me when I am in danger" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 4:2-3

General Information:

David sings this part of the song as if he is speaking to his enemies.

You people, how long will you turn my honor into shame?

David uses this question to rebuke his enemies. AT: "You people continually turn my honor into shame!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

turn my honor into shame

Shaming him instead of honoring him is spoken of as making his honor become shame. AT: "shame me instead of honoring me" or "bring me shame when you should be honoring me"

How long will you love that which is worthless and seek after lies?

David uses this question to rebuke his enemies. AT: "You continue to love things that are worthless and seek after lies." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

love that which is worthless ... seek after lies

These two phrases are very similar in meaning. The lies are worthless. AT: "love worthless lies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Yahweh sets apart the godly for himself

"Yahweh chooses godly people for himself"

translationWords

Psalms 4:4-5

Tremble in fear

The relationship between "tremble" and "fear" and who people should fear can be stated clearly. AT: "Fear Yahweh so much that you tremble" or "Stand in awe of Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Tremble

shake from fear

Meditate in your heart

The heart represents a person's thoughts. Thinking carefully is spoken of as meditating in one's heart. AT: "Think carefully" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Offer the sacrifices of righteousness

"Offer the right sacrifices"

put your trust in Yahweh

Here "trust" is spoken of as if it were an object that could be put somewhere. The abstract noun "trust" can be stated as a verb. AT: "trust in Yahweh" or "trust Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 4:6-8

Who will show us anything good?

This question is used either to ask for something or to express a wish about something that has not happened. AT: "Please show us something good!" or "We wish someone would show us something good!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Who will show us anything good?

Possible meanings are 1) showing something good represents bringing good things. AT: "Who will bring good things to us?" or 2) showing something good represents saying that good things have happened. AT: "Who will say that anything good has happened?" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

lift up the light of your face on us

The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh's face shone a light on them. AT: "act favorably towards us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

You have given my heart more gladness

The heart represents the person. AT: "You have given me more gladness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

You have given my heart more gladness than others have

Here "gladness" is spoken of as if it is an object that can be given. The abstract noun "gladness" can be stated as "glad." AT: "You have made me more glad than others are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

when their grain and new wine abound

"New wine" may represent grapes. AT: "when they reap plentiful harvests of grain and grapes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

It is in peace that I will lie down and sleep

Peace is spoken of as if it were a place. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "peace." AT: "I will be peaceful when I lie down and sleep" or "I will not be afraid of danger when I lie down and sleep" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

make me safe and secure

The words "safe" and "secure" mean basically the same thing and emphasize complete safety. AT: "make me completely safe" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 5

Psalms 5:intro-0

Psalm 005 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 5 is a psalm of deliverance. Notice how the psalmist both praises God and asks Him for help in defeating the wicked. It was intended to be sung accompanied by flutes. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's help

God does not help people who do evil but he blesses those who are good and trust in him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/bless.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/trust.md]])

Psalms 5:1-3

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

with wind instruments

"This song should be accompanied by people who play wind instruments."

may their schemes be their downfall

"may their schemes cause them to experience disasters" or "may they become less important because of their schemes"

schemes

plans to harm people

downfall

This is something that causes a person to experience disasters or to lose power. Experiencing disaster or becoming less important is spoken of as falling. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 5:11-12

may all those who take refuge in you rejoice

God is spoken of as if he were a refuge, a place where people can be protected. AT: "May all those who go to you for protection rejoice" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

those who take refuge in you rejoice ... shout for joy because you defend them

These two clauses express similar thoughts. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

take refuge in you

Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you for protection" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

those who love your name

God's name represents him. At: "those who love you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

you will surround them with favor as with a shield

God's favor is spoken of as if it were a shield. AT: "you will favor them and protect them as a soldier protects himself with his shield" or "because you are kind to them, you will protect them (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 6

Psalms 6:intro-0

Psalm 006 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 6 is a deliverance psalm: a call to God for help. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Trouble

He is in deep trouble and needs God to help him in his difficult situation. But then God hears his prayer and scatters his enemies.

# First Person

This psalm is written using first person making its perspective very personal. There are many uses of the first person in this Psalm.

Psalms 6:1-2

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

on stringed instruments

"people should play stringed instruments with this song"

set to the Sheminith style

This may refer to a style of music.

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

my bones are shaking

The bones represent the whole body. His body may have been shaking because he was sick or extremely tired. AT: "my whole body is shaking" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 6:3-5

very troubled

"terrified" or "worried"

how long will this continue?

David uses this question to show that he does not want to continue feeling weak and troubled. AT: please, do not let this continue!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Return, Yahweh

David speaks of God being kind to him as God returning to him. AT: "Yahweh, come back to me" or "Have mercy on me, Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Save me because of your covenant faithfulness

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "Save me because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

For in death there is no remembrance of you. In Sheol who will give you thanks?

These two sentences express similar meanings. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

For in death there is no remembrance of you

The abstract noun "remembrance" represents praise. AT: "For when people die, they no longer praise you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

In Sheol who will give you thanks?

David uses this question to emphasize that no one in Sheol thanks God. AT: "No one in Sheol will give you thanks!" or "The dead cannot praise you!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 6:6-7

I am weary with my groaning

His groaning represents the pain or distress that he feels. AT: "I am very tired because of my pain" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I drench my bed with tears; I wash my couch away with my tears

These two sentences express the same meaning. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

I drench my bed with tears

"I make my bed wet with my tears" or "My bed is very wet because of my tears"

I wash my couch away with my tears

"I make my couch wet with my tears"

My eyes grow dim

The ability to see is spoken of in terms of the eyes. AT: "My vision is blurry" or "I cannot see clearly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

from grief

Grief here represents crying. AT: "from crying" or "because I cry so much" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/adversary.md]]

Psalms 6:8-10

Yahweh has heard my appeal for mercy ... Yahweh has accepted my prayer

These two lines have very similar meanings. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Yahweh has accepted my prayer

Being willing to do what David has prayed for is spoken of as accepting his prayer. AT: "Yahweh will respond to my prayer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 7

Psalms 7:intro-0

Psalm 007 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 7 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's protection

The author had not wronged anyone, yet his enemy was trying to attack him. But he knew that God would protect him.

# Cush the Benjamite

Note the superscription and the specific circumstances. There is no other reference to this incident in the Scriptures. But there are references to David being opposed by those of the tribe of Benjamin during the time he was serving King Saul.

Psalms 7:1-2

General Information:

A musical composition of David

"This is a song that David wrote"

concerning the words of Cush the Benjamite

"concerning what Cush the Benjamite said" or "about what Cush, a man from the tribe of Benjamin, said"

take refuge in you!

Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you for protection!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they will rip me apart like a lion, tearing me in pieces

David speaks of his enemies attacking him as if they would rip his body apart and tear it in pieces as a lion would. AT: "they will violently kill me like a lion ripping apart its victim's body and tearing it in pieces" or "they will violently kill me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

with no one else able to bring me to safety

"and no one else will be able to save me"

translationWords

Psalms 7:3-4

there is guilt on my hands

The hands represent what a person does. Having guilt on them represents having done something wrong. AT: "I am guilty of doing something wrong" or "I have sinned" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 7:5

a God who is indignant each day

Who God is angry with can be stated explicitly. AT: "a God who is angry with the wicked every day" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 7:12-13

God will sharpen his sword and will prepare his bow for battle

In verses 12 and 13, David speaks of God deciding to punish the wicked as if God were a warrior preparing to fight against them with weapons. AT: "God will take action against him like a warrior who sharpens his sword and prepares his bow for battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 7:14-17

one who is pregnant with wickedness ... conceives destructive plans ... gives birth to harmful lies

David speaks of the things that a wicked person does as if the person were pregnant and wickedness was the baby. AT: "the wicked person. He makes plans to destroy people and produces harmful lies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

His own destructive plans return to his own head, for his violence comes down on his own head

Destruction and violence are spoken of as if they hit a person's head or fall down on it. AT: "His own destructive plans destroy him, for his violence attacks him" or "When he plans to destroy others, others destroy him; when he attacks others, others attack him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 8

Psalms 8:intro-0

Psalm 008 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 8 is a psalm of worship and praise to God. This was to be sung by a choir.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's creation

God has made awesome things in the universe and has exalted humans to be rulers over this creation. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/exalt.md]])

# A Little Lower than the Heavenly Beings

Psalms Psalm 8:4-6 is quoted in Hebrews 2:6-8, where it is applied to Jesus. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/heaven.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/glory.md]])

Psalms 8:1-2

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

set to the gittith style

This may refer to a style of music.

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

how magnificent is your name in all the earth

God's "name" represents his whole being. AT: "people all over the world know that you are very great" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Out of the mouth of babies and infants you have established praise

Possible meanings are 1) praise is spoken of as a solid object that God takes out of babies' mouths and sets up as a defensive wall or 2) God has created the world so that true praise comes to him from babies. AT: "You have given babies and infants the ability to praise you" or "It is babies and infants who truly praise you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 8:3-5

your heavens, which your fingers have made

God's fingers represent him. AT: "the heavens which you have made" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Of what importance is the human race that you notice them, or mankind that you pay attention to them?

These remarks have been expressed in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "It is amazing that you think about people and are concerned about them!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

the human race ... mankind

Both of these phrases refer to people in general.

have crowned them with glory and honor

Glory and honor are spoken of as if they were crowns. The words "glory" and "honor" are similar in meaning. AT: "have given them glory and honor" or "have caused them to be like kings" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 8:6-8

You make him to rule over the works ... you have put all things under his feet

These two clauses express similar meanings. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

You make him ... under his feet

"you make them ... under their feet." The words "him" and "his" here refer to people.

the works of your hands

The hands represent what God has done. AT: "the things that you made" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

you have put all things under his feet

Having authority to rule others or control things is spoken of as having them under one's feet. This means God gave people authority over all that he created. AT: "you have given him authority over all things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 8:9

how magnificent is your name in all the earth

With this exclamation, David shows his joy and awe about how great God is. AT: "your name is wonderfully magnificent in all the earth" or "people in all the earth know how magnificent you are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclamations/01.md]])

your name

God's "name" represents him or his reputation. AT: "your reputation" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

magnificent

"excellent" or "great"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/name.md]]

Psalms 9

Psalms 9:intro-0

Psalm 009 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 9 is a psalm of praise.

their feet are caught in the net that they hid

People hide nets in order to catch animals that get caught in them. Here hiding a net represents making plans to destroy people. AT: "they are like people who hide a net and get trapped in it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

ensnared

"trapped" or "caught." This represents being destroyed. AT: "destroyed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 9:17-18

turned back

"rejected"

all the nations that forget God

This refers to "the wicked."

For the needy will not always be forgotten

This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not always forget the needy" or "God will remember the needy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

nor will the hope of the oppressed be forever dashed

Hopes are spoken of as if they were objects that could be broken or destroyed. Hopes being destroyed represents the things that people hope for never happening. AT: "and the oppressed will not hope forever without results" or "and someday what the oppressed hope for will happen" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 9:19-20

Arise

Getting up represents starting to do something. AT: "Do something" or "Take action" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

man

"people"

be judged

Here judging represents punishing. AT: "be punished" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

in your sight

Here sight represents presence. AT: "in your presence" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

may the nations be judged in your sight

This can be stated in active form. AT: "judge the nations in your presence" or "take the nations into your presence and punish them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/raise.md]]

Psalms 10

Psalms 10:intro-0

Psalm 010 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 10 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Evil people

The wicked people are prospering and think that God does not care. They think that he is not involved in these affairs. They destroy the innocent. The godly need God to come to their rescue and to punish the wicked people for the evil that they are doing to the good people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/innocent.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/godly.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/good.md]])

# Second half of Psalm 9

As noted in the intro to the last psalm, this one is part of an acrostic poem. This psalm covers the last half on the Hebrew alphabet. It also does not have a superscription to introduce it. However, the psalms do separate well on the subjects they address. One addresses thanksgiving and praise whereas Psalm 10 is a lament. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/lament.md]])

Psalms 10:1-3

General Information:

Why, Yahweh, do you stand far off? Why do you hide yourself in times of trouble?

The speaker uses these questions to express his distress that God has not helped him. AT: "Yahweh, it seems as though you are far away from me and you hide from me whenever I am in trouble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

schemes

"plans"

the wicked person

This refers to wicked people in general. AT: "wicked people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

his deepest desires

The noun "desires" can be expressed with the verb "want. "AT: "the things that he wants very much to do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the greedy

"greedy people"

translationWords

Psalms 10:4-5

The wicked man

This refers here to wicked people in general. AT: "the wicked person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

has a raised face

A raised face represents pride or arrogance. AT: "has an arrogant attitude" or "is proud" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he does not seek God

Seeking God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. AT: "he does not ask God for help" or "he does not think about God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

He is secure at all times

"He is safe at all times." He is not really safe, but he thinks that he is.

your righteous decrees are too high for him

Something that is hard to understand is spoken of as if it were too high to reach. AT: "he cannot understand your righteous decrees" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he snorts at all his enemies

People snort at their enemies when they think that their enemies are weak and worthless. AT: "he thinks that all his enemies are weak and worthless" or "he sneers at all his enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

he snorts

This means that he blows air out noisily through his nose.

translationWords

Psalms 10:6-7

He says

"The wicked man says"

throughout all generations

This probably simply means "forever."

I will not meet adversity

Experiencing adversity is spoken of as meeting it. AT: "I will not have any troubles" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

His mouth is full of cursing and deceptive, harmful words

What people say is spoken of as being in their mouth. AT: "He always curses people and says things that are deceptive and harmful" or "He always curses people, tells lies, and threatens to harm people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

his tongue injures and destroys

Here the tongue represents speaking. AT: or "what he says injures and destroys people" or "he speaks words that threaten and hurt people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 10:8-10

He waits in ambush

The word "he" refers to the wicked man.

his eyes look for some helpless victim

The eyes represent him. AT: "he looks for some helpless victim" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

He lurks in secret like a lion in the thicket

This speaks of the wicked person as if he were a lion. AT: "He hides while he waits for the weak to walk near him, the same way a lion quietly waits in the bush for the animal it wants to attack" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

lurks

This means to hide or wait with intent to harm or kill.

he lies in wait

"lies down waiting" or "he hides and waits"

He catches the oppressed when he pulls in his net

The writer speaks of the wicked person catching people as if he were a hunter using a net to catch animals. AT: "He catches the oppressed like a hunter that catches an animal in a net and drags it away" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they fall into his strong nets

The writer continues to speak of the wicked person catching people as if he were a hunter, his plans were nets, and the people were animals that fall into his net. AT: "his victims are caught by his plans like animals that fall into a hunter's strong nets" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 10:11-12

He says

The word "He" refers to the wicked person, and to wicked people in general. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

God has forgotten

Refusing to pay attention to what people do is spoken of as forgetting. AT: "God does not pay attention" or "God does not care about what I do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he covers his face

Refusing to pay attention to what someone does is spoken of as covering one's face. AT: "God refuses to see what is happening" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he will not bother to look

Paying attention to what someone does is spoken of as looking at it. AT: "he will not bother to pay attention" or "he will not care" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Arise

Starting to do something is spoken of as getting up. AT: "Do something" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Lift up your hand

Here lifting the hand to hit someone represents punishing him. AT: "Hit him hard" or "Punish the wicked person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 10:13-14

Why does the wicked man reject God and say ... "You will not hold me accountable"?

The speaker uses this question to show that he is very sad that wicked people do these things. AT: "Wicked people are always rejecting God and saying ... 'You will not hold me accountable.'" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

You will not hold me accountable

"You will not require me to tell you why I do what I do." Holding someone accountable here represents punishing him. AT: "You will not punish me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 10:15-16

Break the arm of the wicked and evil man

Here "arm" represents power. AT: "Destroy the power of the wicked and evil man" or "Make the wicked and evil man weak" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

wicked and evil

These words have the same meaning. You can use one word to express both concepts. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Make him account for his evil deeds

Making someone account for his evil deeds represents punishing him. AT: "Punish him for the evil things he has done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the nations are driven out of his land

This can be stated in active form. "Yahweh forces the people of other nations to leave his land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 10:17-18

you have heard the needs of the oppressed

It is implied that the oppressed people cried out to God. AT: "when oppressed people cried out to you, you listened to them tell you what they need" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

you strengthen their heart

A strong heart represents courage, and making people's hearts strong represents encouraging them. AT: "you encourage them" or "you make them confident" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

no man ... will cause terror again

"no one ... will cause people to be afraid again"

translationWords

Psalms 11

Psalms 11:intro-0

Psalm 011 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 11 is a worship psalm. It tells how great God is and that God delivers the good people from the evil people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/good.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Justice

The wicked people try to destroy the good people but God knows everything that is being done and he saves the good people and destroys the evil people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/justice.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/save.md]])

Psalms 11:1-2

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship."

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

take refuge in Yahweh

Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to Yahweh for protection" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

how will you say to me, "Flee like a bird to the mountain"?

This question is asked to provide emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "So do not ask me to run away!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

For see! The wicked prepare their bows. They make ready their arrows on the strings to shoot in the darkness at the upright in heart

"Look! the wicked are preparing to attack upright people"

upright in heart

Here "upright in heart" refers to godly or righteous people.

translationWords

Psalms 11:3-4

For if the foundations are ruined, what can the righteous do?

Here "the foundations" may refer to law and order. This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Righteous people cannot do anything when evil people are not punished when they disobey the laws!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

his eyes watch, his eyes examine the children of mankind

Here Yahweh is represented by his "eyes." Yahweh is aware of everything that happens. AT: "He examines all that humanity does" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

children of mankind

"humanity"

translationWords

Psalms 11:5-7

examines

"watches carefully"

do violence

"hurt others"

He rains burning coals and brimstone upon the wicked; a scorching wind will be their portion from his cup!

God's punishment is described as if it were burning coals and brimstone from a volcano. AT: "He punishes the wicked; there will be no relief for them!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

brimstone

This is another name for sulphur.

see his face

"be in his presence"

translationWords

Psalms 12

Psalms 12:intro-0

Psalm 012 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 12 is a judgment psalm, where the author asks God to judge and punish the wicked people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/judge.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh saves

There are so many wicked people now and they are proud of their evil. But God will save the poor who call out to him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/save.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/call.md]])

# Words

This relatively short psalm focuses on the words people use.

Psalms 12:1

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

set to the Sheminith

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 6:1.

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

Help, Yahweh

"Yahweh, come to my aid"

faithful have vanished

"faithful people have all vanished"

translationWords

Psalms 12:2-4

Everyone says ... everyone speaks

The two occurrences of "everyone" are exaggerations, used to emphasize that this is true of very many people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

everyone speaks with flattering lips and a double heart

Here "lips" is a metonym for what people say, and "a double heart" is a metaphor for deception. AT: "everyone speaks with flattering words and deception" or "everyone praises people falsely and tells lies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

cut off all flattering lips

Here "flattering lips" is a metonym for people who flatter others. Possible meanings are 1) "cut off" is a metaphor for killing. AT: "kill all who flatter others" or 2) "cut off" is a metaphor for stopping something. AT: "stop all those who flatter others" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

every tongue declaring great things

Here "every tongue" represents every person who declares great things. AT: "every person who boasts" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

With our tongues will we prevail

Here the word "tongues" represents what people say. AT: "We will prevail because of what we say" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

will we prevail

"we will succeed" or "we will win" or "we will be victorious"

When our lips speak

Here the "lips" represents the people who speak. AT: "When we speak" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

who can be master over us?

This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that they believed no one could rule over them. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "no one can rule over us!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 12:5

groans

These are deep sounds that people make because of pain or some strong emotion.

I will arise," says Yahweh

This means Yahweh will do something to help the people.

Psalms 12:6-8

like silver purified in a furnace on the earth, refined seven times

Yahweh's words are compared to silver that has been purified. AT: "they are without any imperfection" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

You keep them

"You keep the righteous people safe"

walk on every side

"surround us"

when evil is exalted among the children of mankind

This can be stated in active form. AT: "when people everywhere are praising evil" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

children of mankind

"human beings" or "people"

translationWords

Psalms 13

Psalms 13:intro-0

Psalm 013 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 13 is a psalm of deliverance because the psalmist is calling on God to deliver him from death and his enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/call.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's help

The author needs God to help him because his enemies will rejoice if they are able to defeat him. The string of rhetorical questions is very effective at heightening the fear David is feeling. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/fear.md]])

Psalms 13:1-2

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship."

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

How long, Yahweh, will you keep forgetting about me?

This question is asked to get the reader's attention and to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Yahweh, it seems that you have forgotten about me!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

How long ... face from me?

The words "your face" represent God's whole being. This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "It seems like you are hiding from me!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

How long will my enemy triumph over me?

This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "Surely my enemies will not always defeat me!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 13:3-4

Look at me and answer me

"Give me your attention and listen to me"

Give light to my eyes

This is a way of asking for strength. AT: "Make me strong again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

or I will sleep in death

To "sleep in death" means to die. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

Do not let my enemy say ... so that my enemy may not say

"Do not let my enemy say about me ... so that my enemy may not say about me"

when I am brought down

"when I fall" or "when they defeat me"

translationWords

Psalms 13:5-6

I have trusted in your covenant faithfulness

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "I have trusted that you are faithful to your covenant" or "I have trusted you because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

my heart rejoices in your salvation

Here "my heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I will rejoice because you have rescued me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 14

Psalms 14:intro-0

Psalm 014 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 14 is a deliverance psalm because he is trusting God to deliver the poor. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/trust.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Evil people

Wicked people do not even consider God when they make their plans. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])

Psalms 14:1

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship."

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

A fool says in his heart

This is an idiom that means to say to oneself or to think to oneself. AT: "A foolish person says to himself" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

They are corrupt

The word "they" refers to all foolish human beings who say there is no God.

translationWords

Psalms 14:2-3

children of mankind

This phrase refers to all humans.

who seek after him

This describes those who desire to know God as if they were actually following him on a path. AT: "who desire to know him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

They have all turned away

This describes people who have rejected God as if they had stopped walking on the right path and had gone in another direction. AT: "They have all turned away from Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/heaven.md]]

Psalms 14:4

Do they not know anything ... who do not call on Yahweh?

This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "They act as if they do not know anything ... who do not call on Yahweh. But they know what they are doing!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

those who commit iniquity

The abstract nouns "iniquity" can be stated as "evil deeds." AT: "those who do evil deeds" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

those who eat up my people

This refers to those who do evil things and destroy God's people as if they were eating food. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 14:5-6

They tremble

The word "they" refers to those who do evil things.

God is with the righteous assembly

To say that "God is with" those who are righteous means that he helps them. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "God helps those who act righteously" or "God helps those who do the right things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

You want

The word "you" here refers to the wicked people.

to humiliate the poor person

"to make the person who is poor feel ashamed"

Yahweh is his refuge

This speaks of the protection that Yahweh provides as if he were a shelter that one might seek in a storm. AT: "Yahweh is like a shelter of protection to him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 14:7

Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion!

This is an exclamation. The writer is saying what he wishes or longs for God to do. AT: "I wish so much that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclamations/01.md]])

Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion!

Here "the salvation of Israel" is a metonym for Yahweh, the one who saves Israel. AT: "Oh, that Yahweh would come from Zion and save Israel!" or "I wish that Yahweh would come from Zion and rescue his people Israel!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

then Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad

These two phrases mean the same thing. Here both "Jacob" and "Israel" represent the people of Israel. The two phrases can be combined in the translation. AT: "then all the people of Israel will rejoice greatly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 15

Psalms 15:intro-0

Psalm 015 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 15 is a wisdom psalm telling how people who honor God should live. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/life.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Godliness

This psalm outlines a person who is godly and sees others from a godly perspective. There are several good actions mentioned. Such a person treats his neighbor right, does not slander him, does not take a bribe or interest from him, and keeps his promises even when it is difficult to do so. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/godly.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/good.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/promise.md]])

# Moral Conditions for Worship

Scholars have noted that this psalm contains a list of ten different conditions for those who want to participate in worship at the temple. The list consists of three positives in verse 2, 3 negatives in verse 3, two positives in verse 4, followed by two negatives in verse 5. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/temple.md]])

Psalms 15:1-2

General Information:

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

Who may live on your holy hill?

God's "holy hill" represents God's temple, which was on Mount Zion. AT: "Who may live in your holy place?" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

speaks truth from his heart

"speaks honestly"

translationWords

Psalms 15:3

He

This refers to the righteous person in Psalms 15:02.

He does not slander with his tongue

Here "tongue" represents what a person says. AT: "He does not slander people with his speech" or "He does not say evil things about innocent people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

harm

"hurt" or "damage"

translationWords

Psalms 15:4-5

The worthless person is despised in his eyes, but he honors those who fear Yahweh

"Righteous people hate those who have rejected God, but they honor those who respect God"

The worthless person

"The wicked person" or "The person who has rejected Yahweh"

will never be shaken

Here "to be shaken" represents not living safely any longer. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "will live in safety" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 16

Psalms 16:intro-0

Psalm 016 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 16 is a psalm of praise, thanking God for all his mercies. The New Testament considers this psalm to be a messianic psalm: a psalm about Christ. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/mercy.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/christ.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Messiah

God has been so good to the psalmist, who will worship no other god. The New Testament considers the tenth verse to be about Christ's resurrection when it says that he is God's anointed one, and that God will not leave his body in the grave to decay. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/good.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/falsegod.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/resurrection.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/anoint.md]])

# Superscription

The term "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this term, but in the end no one is certain what it means. So it is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you are welcome to translate it as "psalm."

Psalms 16:1-3

General Information:

A michtam of David

The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: "This is a psalm that David wrote."

take refuge in you

Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you for protection" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the holy people who are on the earth

Here "holy people" refers to God's own people who trust him. AT: "your people who live in this land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 16:4

my heart is glad

Here the "heart" represents the speaker's thoughts and emotions. AT: "Therefore I am glad" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

my glory is rejoicing

Possible meanings are 1) the word "glory" represents the honor a person feels. AT: "I am honored to rejoice in God" or 2) the word translated "glory" really means "liver" and represents the speaker's emotions. AT: "I am rejoicing"

translationWords

Psalms 16:11

abundant

"great" or "a large amount of"

joy resides in your presence

The writer speaks of "joy" as if it were a person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

in your right hand

The words "right hand" indicate being in God's special presence. AT: "when I am near you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 17

Psalms 17:intro-0

Psalm 017 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 17 is a prayer for deliverance from all his enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Innocence

The psalmist is innocent and needs God to rescue him from these enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/innocent.md]])

Psalms 17:1-2

General Information:

A prayer of David

"This is a prayer that David wrote."

Give ear to my prayer from lips without deceit

The phrase "give ear" is a metaphor for listening, and "lips without deceit" is synecdoche for a person who does not lie. AT: "Listen to my prayer for I speak without deceit" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Let my vindication come from your presence

Vindication coming from God represents God judging someone and declaring him innocent. God's "presence" is a metonym for God himself. AT: "Let my vindication come from you" or "Declare that I am innocent" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

let your eyes see what is right!

Here "your eyes" is synecdoche for God himself, and "see" is a metaphor for paying attention and firmly deciding to do something. AT: "please see what is right" or "do what is right" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 17:3

If you test my heart, if you come to me in the night

Here "test my heart" means to examine my thoughts and motives. AT: "If you examine my thoughts in the night" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

my mouth will not transgress

Here the mouth is spoken of as if it were capable of acting on its own. It also represents the words that a person speaks. AT: "I will not tell lies or sin with my words" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 17:4-5

it is at the word of your lips that I have kept myself from the ways of the lawless

Here "the word of your lips" is a metonym for God's instruction, and "the ways of the lawless" is a metaphor for the things that lawless people do. AT: "it is by obeying your instruction that I have kept myself from doing the things that lawless people do" or "your instruction has caused me to avoid doing wicked things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

My steps have held firmly to your tracks; my feet have not slipped

Both of these clauses mean the same thing. The repetition adds emphasis. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

my feet have not slipped

The writer speaks of his obedience to God as if he were walking on a path. AT: "I am determined to follow your ways" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 17:6-7

turn your ear to me ... listen when I speak

These phrases mean the same thing. Here "your ear" refers to God's willingness to hear someone who prays to him. AT: "pay attention to me ... listen when I speak" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Show your covenant faithfulness in a wonderful way

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "Show in a wonderful way that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

your right hand

The "right hand" refers to God's power. AT: "your mighty power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

take refuge in you

Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you for protection" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 17:8-10

Protect me like the apple of your eye

The "apple of your eye" refers to something that is valuable. AT: "Protect me as you would something most valuable and precious" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

hide me under the shadow of your wings

David speaks of God's protection as if he were a bird protecting its young under its wings. AT: "Keep me safe as a mother bird protects her babies by gathering them under her wing" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

their mouths speak with pride

Here "their mouths speak" represents his enemies when they speak. AT: "they speak with pride" or "they are always boasting" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 17:11-12

They have surrounded my steps

Here "surrounded my steps" represents how David's enemies have followed him everywhere he goes in order to capture him. AT: "My enemies have surrounded me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

like a lion eager for a victim, like a young lion crouching in hidden places

These two phrases express very similar ideas. The repetition adds intensity. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

They are like a lion ... like a young lion

The writer feels pursued the way a lion hunts its prey (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/lion.md]]

Psalms 17:13-14

Rescue my life from the wicked by your sword ... Rescue me from men by your hand, Yahweh, from men of this world

These two clauses have similar meanings. The repetition adds intensity to the writer's words. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

by your sword ... by your hand

Here "sword" and "hand" both represent the power of Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

You will fill the bellies of your treasured ones with riches

The ancient text is hard to understand. Possible meanings are 1) "treasured" is a metaphor for loved, and "your treasured ones" refers to the people whom God loves. AT: "you will fill the bellies of the people you love with riches" or 2) "your treasured ones" refers to treasures that God gives to people, the "men of this world" AT: "you will fill their bellies with rich treasures" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

You will fill the bellies ... with riches

Here "fill the bellies ... with riches" is a metaphor for giving them many valuable things. Possible meanings are 1) "You will give many riches to the people you love" or 2) "you will give the men of this world many riches" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 17:15

I will see your face in righteousness

Here "face" represents Yahweh in all of his being. David is confident he will see Yahweh. AT: "because I act in the right way, I will be with you one day" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

I will be satisfied, when I awake, with a sight of you

David believes that after he dies, he will be with Yahweh. This can be made clear in the translation. AT: "After I die, I will be happy to wake up in your presence" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 18

Psalms 18:intro-0

Psalm 018 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 18 is a psalm of praise to God for his strengthening David for war.

Psalms 18:6

In my distress

"In my great need" or "In my despair"

my call for help went into his presence

Here David speaks of his "call for help" as if it were a person who could come into the presence of Yahweh. AT: "I prayed to him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

it went into his ears

Here David speaks of how Yahweh heard his cry for help. The idea is repeated for emphasis. AT: "he heard my appeal" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 18:7-8

Then the earth ... shaken because God was angry

God's being angry is spoken of as if the there was a terrible earthquake. AT: "God was so angry that it was as if the earth ... shaken" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the earth shook and trembled

The words "shook" and "trembled" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how greatly the earth shook. AT: "the land moved back and forth" or "the ground moved up and down" or "there was a violent earthquake" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

the foundations of the mountains also trembled and were shaken

This can be stated in active form. AT: "the foundations of the mountains also trembled and shook" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Smoke went up from out of his nostrils ... Coals were ignited by it

David speaks of Yahweh as if he were breathing fire. This is a picture of how angry God was. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

blazing fire came out of his mouth. Coals were ignited by it

This can be stated in active form. AT: "blazing fire came out of his mouth and ignited coals" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 18:9-10

He opened

The word "He" refers to Yahweh.

thick darkness was under his feet

Though Yahweh does not actually have feet, the Psalmist gives him human characteristics. AT: "thick darkness was beneath him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

wings of the wind

Here the Psalmist speaks of the wind as if it had wings like an angel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 18:11-12

He made darkness ... him

Here the words "He" and "him" refer to Yahweh.

He made darkness a tent

Here darkness is spoken of as if it were a tent. AT: "He made darkness a covering" or "He made darkness a hiding place" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

heavy rainclouds

"clouds heavy with rain" or "thick, dark rainclouds"

Hailstones

stones made of ice

Psalms 18:13-14

Yahweh thundered in the heavens

Yahweh's voice sounded like thunder. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

the Most High

"the Most High" refers to Yahweh.

He shot his arrows and scattered his enemies ... lightning bolts dispersed them

Both of these clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

He shot his arrows and scattered his enemies

Here lighting strikes are being spoken of as if they were arrows (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

dispersed them

"sent them in different directions"

translationWords

Psalms 18:15

General Information:

The writer continues to speak of Yaweh's great power.

Then the water channels appeared; the foundations of the world were laid bare

These two clauses have similar meanings. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Then the water channels appeared and the bottom of the ocean became visible; you exposed the foundations of the world" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

at the blast of the breath of your nostrils

Though God does not have human physical characteristics as described here, this pictures his mighty strength. The wind is spoken of here as if it came as a mighty blast from God's nostrils. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 18:16-17

He reached down ... he took hold ... He pulled me

The word "He" in these verses refers to Yahweh.

surging water

Here the Psalmist speaks of the dangers of his enemies as if they were huge waves or forceful waters, from which Yahweh has rescued him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Psalms 18:18-19

They came against me

Here "They" refers to the strong enemies in verse 17.

They came against me on the day of my distress but Yahweh was my support

The abstract noun "distress" can be stated as an adjective. The abstract noun "support" can be stated as "protected." AT: "Strong enemies attacked me on a day when I was distressed, but Yahweh protected me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/free.md]]

Psalms 18:20-21

my hands were clean

Here having clean hands represents being innocent of wrongdoing. AT: "I was innocent" or "my actions were right" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I have kept the ways of Yahweh

The laws of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were the paths on which one should walk. AT: "I have obeyed Yahweh's laws" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

have not wickedly turned away from my God

Here being wicked is spoken of as if one left the right path and took the wrong path. AT: "have not done wickedly by turning away from my God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 18:22-24

For all his righteous decrees ... I have not turned away from them

Both of these clauses have similar meanings. The writer repeats these ideas for emphasis. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

have been before me

"have guided me" or "I have remembered"

I have also been innocent ... I have kept myself from sin

Both of these clauses have similar meanings. The writer repeats these ideas for emphasis. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

innocent before him

"innocent according to him"

I have kept myself from sin

"I have not sinned"

my hands were clean

To have "clean hands" means that one is innocent of wrongdoing. See how you translated this in Psalms 18:20: AT: "I was innocent" or "my actions were right" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

before his eyes

This refers to God's presence. AT: "before him" or "according to him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 18:25-26

General Information:

The writer speaks to Yahweh.

To anyone who is faithful

Here "faithful" means to do what God commands one to do. You can state this clearly. AT: "to those who faithfully obey your commandments" or "to those who faithfully do your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

to a man who is blameless ... you show yourself pure

Both of these clauses have similar meanings. The writer repeats these ideas for emphasis. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

you are clever toward anyone who is twisted

"you outwit anyone who is not honest"

translationWords

Psalms 18:27-29

you bring down

"you humiliate"

with proud, uplifted eyes

This idiom refers to those who are proud. AT: "who are proud" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

For you give light to my lamp; Yahweh my God lights up my darkness

The writer speaks of Yahweh's presence as if he were a light. These clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

For by you I can run over a barricade

"For with your help I can cross any obstacle"

translationWords

Psalms 18:30-32

He is a shield to everyone who takes refuge in him

A shield protects a soldier. David speaks as if God were a shield protecting him. See how you translated this in Psalms 3:3. AT: "You, Yahweh, protect like a shield everyone who takes refuge in you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

For who is God except Yahweh? Who is a rock except our God?

The implied answer is no one. AT: "Only Yahweh is God! Only our God is a rock!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

a rock

David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock that he could climb to get away from his enemies. See how you translated this in Psalms 18:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

puts strength on me like a belt

God gives strength to David as if it were a piece of clothing. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

places the blameless person on his path

Here David speaks of living a life that is pleasing to God as if he were being placed on the right path. AT: "causes the blameless person to live a righteous life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 18:33-34

makes my feet swift

This refers to enabling a person to run fast. AT: "makes me run very fast" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

disputes

"disagreements" or "arguments"

have made me the head over nations

Here "head" represents the ruler. AT: "appointed me to be the ruler over many nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

foreigners were forced to bow

This can be stated in active form. AT: "God forced foreigners to bow" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

foreigners came trembling

Here "trembling" shows that they were very afraid. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "foreigners came shaking, showing that they were very afraid" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 18:46-47

may my rock be praised

This can be stated in active form. AT: "he is my rock and he should be praised" or "may people praise my rock" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

my rock

Here the writer speaks of Yahweh's protection as if he were a rock that prevented his enemies from reaching him. See how you translated this in Psalms 18:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

May the God of my salvation be exalted

This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people exalt the God of my salvation" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the God of my salvation

The abstract nouns "salvation" can be stated as "saved" or "rescued." AT: "the God who rescued me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the God who executes vengeance for me

To "execute vengeance" means to punish people for their evil actions. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "vengeance." AT: "the God who punishes people for the evil things they have done to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 18:48-49

I am set free

This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has set me free" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

you lifted me above

Yahweh's protection of the writer is spoken of as if he lifted the writer up so high that his enemies could not reach him to harm him. AT: "you put me in a safe place high above" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

who rose against me

"who attacked me" or "who rebelled against me"

violent men

"cruel men" or "savage men"

among the nations

Here the writer means that he will give thanks to Yahweh so that all people will hear of Yahweh's greatness. AT: "so all the nations will hear about it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

to your name

Here "name" represents God himself. AT: "in honor of your name" or "to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 18:50

victory to his king

By using the words "his king," David is referring to himself as king. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

he shows his covenant loyalty to his anointed one ... to his descendants forever

"he faithfully loves me as he promised in his covenant, and he will love my descendants forever"

translationWords

Psalms 19

Psalms 19:intro-0

Psalm 019 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 19 is a praise psalm, praising God for his creation and for his law.

Special concepts in this chapter

# God's law

God's law keeps people from sinning. There are two distinct themes in this psalm. Verses 1-6 are God's glory in the heavens and the second is praising God for his law. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/lawofmoses.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/glory.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/heaven.md]])

Psalms 19:1-3

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship."

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

The heavens declare

The heavens are described as if they were a person. AT: "The heavens show" or "The heavens look like they declare"

the skies make his handiwork known

The skies are described as if they were a teacher. AT: "The skies seem to make God's handiwork known to us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

his handiwork

"his creation" or "the world that he has made"

speech pours out

What is beautiful about creation is compared to speaking, as if creation were a person. Then those words are compared to water that flows everywhere. AT: "creation is like a person speaking to everyone" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

There is no speech or spoken words; their voice is not heard

These phrases express clearly that the first two verses were a metaphor. AT: "There is no real speech or spoken words; no one hears an actual voice with their ears"

their voice is not heard

Other translations read "where their voice is not heard," emphasizing that creation's "speech" is available everywhere.

translationWords

Psalms 19:4-6

General Information:

David has just said that creation shows God's glory.

their words ... their speech

This refers to the unspoken "words" of creation that show God's glory.

their words go out

The words are described as if they were people who go out with a message. AT: "the words that creation speaks are like people who go out" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

their speech to the end of the world

The implied words can be included in the translation. AT: "their speech goes out to the end of the world" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

He has pitched a tent for the sun

Here the writer speaks of the place that Yahweh created for the sun as if it were a tent. AT: "He created a place for the sun" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

among them

The word "them" probably refers to the heavens.

The sun is like a bridegroom coming out of his chamber

The writer speaks of the sun's coming out as if it were a bridegroom. AT: "The sun is like a bridegroom walking joyfully toward his bride" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

like a strong man who rejoices when he runs his race

This compares the sun to an athlete to emphasize the strength and brightness of the sun. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

a strong man

"a fast runner"

horizon

the line where the earth and the sky meet

to the other

Here "other" refers to the other horizon. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "to the other horizon" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

nothing escapes its heat

This can be stated in positive form. AT: "everything feels its heat" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublenegatives/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 19:7-8

the soul ... the heart ... the eyes

All three of these words refer to the whole person. AT: "a person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

the simple

"those who have no experience" or "those who have not learned"

are right

"are true" or "are correct"

bringing light

"bringing understanding"

translationWords

Psalms 19:9-10

altogether right

"completely right"

They are of greater value than gold ... they are sweeter than honey

Yahweh's decrees are spoken of as if they could be bought and tasted. AT: "If you could buy them, they would be of greater value than gold ... if you could taste them, they would be sweeter than honey" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

even more than much fine gold

The word "valuable" is understood from the previous phrase and can be repeated. AT: "even more valuable than a lot of fine gold" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

fine gold

"pure gold" or "expensive gold"

translationWords

Psalms 19:11-12

Yes

This word marks that there is more to the truth than what has just been said. AT: "Moreover"

by them your servant is warned

This can be stated in active form. AT: "they warn your servant" or "they are a warning for your servant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

by them ... in obeying them

The word "them" refers to Yahweh's righteous decrees.

your servant is warned

David calls himself "your servant" when speaking to God as a sign of respect. AT: "I am warned" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

Who can discern all his own errors?

This appears in the form of a question to add emphasis and can be translated as a strong statement. AT: No one can be aware of his own errors!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

from hidden faults

"from secret mistakes I have made"

translationWords

Psalms 19:13-14

Keep your servant also from

This idiom pictures the servant as being removed from the sins he does not wish to commit. AT: "Also, protect your servant from doing" or "Also, make sure that I do not commit" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

your servant

David calls himself "your servant" when speaking to God as a sign of respect. See how you translated this in Psalms 19:11. AT: "I" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

let them not rule over me

Sins are described as if they were a king that could rule over someone. AT: "do not let my sins become like a king who rules over me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

innocent from many transgressions

"innocent of rebelling against you" or "innocent of committing many sins"

the words of my mouth and the thoughts of my heart

These expressions taken together describe everything a person says and thinks. AT: "the things I say and the things I think about" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

be acceptable in your sight

"receive approval in your sight" or "be pleasing to you"

in your sight

Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your judgment" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Yahweh, my rock

The writer speaks of God as if he were a rock that one could climb and be protected from his enemies. AT: "Yahweh, you are like my rock" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 20

Psalms 20:intro-0

Psalm 020 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 20 is a royal psalm. It is probably a prayer for the king, perhaps when he first became king.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Trust

Trusting God is much better than trusting in military might. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/trust.md]])

Psalms 20:1-2

General Information:

This Psalm begins with a group of people speaking to the king of Israel.

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

help you

The word "you" in this Psalm is singular and refers to the king.

in the day of trouble

"in times of trouble" or "when you are in trouble"

may the name of the God of Jacob protect you

Possible meanings are 1) here "name" is a metonym for God's power. AT: "may the power of the God of Jacob protect you" or "may the God of Jacob protect you by his power" or 2) here "name" is a metonym for God himself. AT: "may the God of Jacob protect you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

send help from the holy place

God helping from his holy place is spoken of as if God were sending help. AT: "may Yahweh help you from his holy place" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

holy place ... Zion

Both of these refer to God's temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 20:3-4

May he call to mind

The phrase "call to mind" is a way of saying "remember." It does not mean God forgot. It means to consider or think about. AT: "May he remember" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

May he

The word "he" refers to Yahweh.

Selah

This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in Psalms 3:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

May he grant

"May he give"

your heart's desire

Here "heart" stands for the entire person. The abstract noun "desire" can be stated as a verb. AT: "what you desire" or "what you want" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

fulfill all your plans

The abstract noun "plans" can be stated as a verb. AT: "may he help you to accomplish everything that you plan to do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 20:5-6

we will rejoice in your victory

Here "we" refers to the people. They will rejoice in the king's victory. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])

in the name of our God

Here "name" represents honor or reputation. AT: "in honor of our God" or "for the reputation of our God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

we will raise banners

"we will raise victory flags." They would do this to show that they were praising God because he gave their king victory over his enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

grant all your petitions

"give you everything you request from him"

Now

This word is used here to mark a break in the psalm. It transitions from the people speaking to the king speaking.

I know

The word "I" probably refers to the king who is speaking in this section.

his anointed one ... answer him ... rescue him

The king is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in first person. AT: "me, his anointed one ... answer me ... rescue me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

from his holy heaven

God dwells in heaven as well as in the temple in Jerusalem. (See: Psalms 20:2)

with the strength of his right hand that can rescue him

God's right hand represents his power. AT: "with his great strength he will rescue him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 20:7-8

Some trust in chariots and others in horses

Here "chariots" and "horses" represent a king's army. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

others in horses

The word "trust" is understood. AT: "other trust in horses" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

we call ... we will rise

Here "we" refers to the writer and the readers. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-inclusive/01.md]])

They will be brought down and fall

The word "They" refers to the people who trust in chariots and horses. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will bring them down and make them fall" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

brought down and fall

Both these verbs mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for losing in battle. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

we will rise and stand upright

"we will get up and stand up straight." These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for victory in battle. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 20:9

Yahweh, rescue the king

Possible interpretations are 1) the people ask God to protect the king or 2) the king continues to speak about himself in the third person.

the king; help us when we call

Some translations understand the Hebrew differently. Some translate it as the people speaking to Yahweh their king. AT: "King, help us when we call you"

translationWords

Psalms 21

Psalms 21:intro-0

Psalm 021 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 21 is a royal psalm. The king is praying for victory. Victory in war comes from the power and help from God.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Pronouns

There is a shift in pronouns in this psalm. In verses 1-6 the psalm addresses Yahweh in second person but in verse 7 the psalmist uses third person before moving back to second person in the latter part.

Psalms 21:1-2

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship."

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

in your strength, Yahweh

It is implied that this is strength Yahweh has given the king to defeat his enemies. AT: because you, Yahweh, have made him strong enough to defeat his enemies"

How greatly he rejoices

"He rejoices greatly"

in the salvation you provide

It is implied that God has saved the king from his enemies. The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "because you have saved him from his enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

his heart's desire

"his heart's wish." Here "heart" stands for the whole person. AT: "his desire" or "what he wished for" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

have not held back

"have not refused him." This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you have given him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublenegatives/01.md]])

the request of his lips

Here "lips" stands for the whole person. AT: "his request" or "what he requested of you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

This is a way of saying that God and the king will defeat their enemies in battle. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

you will draw your bow before them

This implies that he actually shoots his arrows at his enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 21:13

Be exalted, Yahweh, in your strength

Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh, show us that you are very strong" or 2) "Yahweh, because you are strong we will exalt you"

we will sing and praise your power

The words "sing" and "praise" share similar meanings. Here the word "power" represents God and his power. AT: "with singing we will praise you because you are powerful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 22

Psalms 22:intro-0

Psalm 022 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 22 is a messianic psalm. It contains references to events during the crucifixion of Christ. It is also a psalm of individual lament and praise. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/christ.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/crucify.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/lament.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Messiah

Christ was despised and taunted by his enemies; but finally people all over the earth will bow down to him.

# New Testament usage

This psalm is quoted in different places in the New Testament. Verse 1a is cited in Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34 as the words of Christ on the cross. Many of the events in the narratives of the crucifixion are mentioned in this psalm. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/cross.md]])

Psalms 22:1-2

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

The rhythm of the deer

This may refer to a style of music.

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

My God, my God

The writer repeats "My God" to emphasize that he is desperate for God to hear him.

my God, why have you abandoned me?

The writer uses a question to emphasize that he feels like God has abandoned him. It may be best to leave this as a question. It can also be translated as a statement. AT: "my God, I feel like you have abandoned me!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

you abandoned me

"you left me all alone"

Why are you so far from saving me and far from the words of my anguish?

Again the writer uses a question to emphasize that he feels like God is far away from him. It may be best to leave this as a question. It can also be translated as a statement. AT: "You are far from saving me and far from the words of my anguish!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

far from the words of my anguish

The writer feeling like God is not listening to him is spoken of as if God were far from his words of anguish. AT: "why do you not listen when I speak to you about the anguish I feel" or "I have told you about my suffering but you do not come to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in the daytime ... at night

The writer uses the words "daytime" and "night" to mean he prays to God all the time. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

I am not silent

This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I still speak" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 22:3-5

you sit as king with the praises of Israel

"the praises of Israel are the throne on which you sit as king." The praises of Israel are described as if they are a throne upon which God can sit and rule, or as a house in which God can live. AT: "you are king and the people of Israel praise you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

of Israel

Here "Israel" represents the people of Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

were not disappointed

This can be stated in active form. AT: "you did not disappoint them" or "you did not fail them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

were not disappointed

This can be stated in positive form. AT: "you saved them" or "you did for them what they needed you to do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublenegatives/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 22:6-8

I am a worm and not a man

The writer speaks of himself as if he were a worm. This emphasizes that he feels worthless or that the people treat him as if he were worthless. AT: "But it is like I am a worm and not a man" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

disgrace to humanity and despised by the people

Both of these phrase mean basically the same thing. The phrase "despised by the people" can be stated in active form. AT: "everyone thinks I am worthless and the people hate me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

taunt me; they mock me; they shake their heads at me

These three phrases share similar meanings and emphasize how much people disrespect him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

they shake their heads at me

This describes an action used to mock someone. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

He trusts in Yahweh ... delights in him

The people are saying this to mock the writer. They do not really believe Yahweh will rescue him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

Let him rescue him

"Let Yahweh rescue him"

for he delights in him

Possible meanings are 1) "for Yahweh delights in him" or 2) "for he delights in Yahweh"

translationWords

Psalms 22:9-10

For you

The writer uses the word "For" to begin explaining why he is confused and asking God why he is not coming to help. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

you brought me from the womb

This is a way of saying "you caused me to be born." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

when I was on my mother's breasts

This means that he has been trusting in Yahweh since he was very young. AT: "even from the time that I drank milk from my mother's breasts" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

I have been thrown on you from the womb

The phrase "have been thrown on" is a way of saying that Yahweh has taken care of him as if Yahweh had adopted him as his own child. This can be stated in active form. AT: "It was as though you had adopted me right when I was born" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

you are my God

This implies that Yahweh has always taken care of the writer. AT: "you, God, have taken care of me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

since I was in my mother's womb

"since before I was born"

translationWords

Psalms 22:11-13

Do not be far away from me

This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Come close to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

for trouble is near

The writer speaks about "trouble" as if it were an object that is near him. AT: "for my enemies are near me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

there is no one to help

"there is no helper"

Many bulls surround me; strong bulls of Bashan surround me

The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were bulls. This emphasizes how dangerous and powerful his enemies are. AT: "I have many enemies and they are like bulls that surround me; they are like strong bulls from Bashan that surround me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

They open their mouths wide against me

The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions with the mouths open ready to eat him. His enemies may be speaking lies to discredit him. Or they may be threatening him and attacking him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

like a roaring lion ripping its victim

The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions. This emphasizes how powerful and dangerous his enemies are. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 22:14-15

I am being poured out like water

This can be stated in active form. AT: "It is like someone is pouring me out like water" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

I am being poured out like water

The writer speaks about feeling completely exhausted and weak as if he were water being poured out of a jar. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

all my bones are dislocated

"all my bones are out of place." It is possible the writer is in some kind of physical pain. Or he may be speaking of his emotional pain as if it were physical pain. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

My heart is like wax ... inner parts

The writer speaks about no longer having courage as if his heart melted like wax. Here "heart" represents "courage." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

wax

a soft substance that melts at a relatively low temperature

within my inner parts

"inside of me"

My strength has dried up like a piece of pottery

The writer speaks about feeling weak as if his strength were like a dry piece of pottery that can easily break. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

piece of pottery

an object made of baked clay that can be used in the house

my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth

"my tongue sticks to the top of my mouth." The writer may be describing his extreme thirst. Or he may be continuing to speak about being weak as if he were completely dry. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

You have laid me in the dust of death

Possible meanings for "dust of death" are 1) it refers to a person turning to dust after they die. AT: "You are about to let me die and become dust" or 2) it is a way of speaking about the grave, which would mean God is causing the writer to die. AT: "You have laid me in my grave" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

You have laid me

The "you" is singular and refers to God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 22:16-17

dogs have surrounded me

The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs. His enemies are coming close to him like wild dogs do to a dying animal. AT: "my enemies are like dogs that have surrounded me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

a company of evildoers

"a group of evildoers" or "a gang of evildoers"

encircled

"surrounded"

they have pierced my hands and my feet

This continues the dog metaphor. The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs that are biting and piercing his hands and feet with their teeth. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

pierced

stabbed through something with a sharp object

I can count all my bones

Possible meanings are 1) the writer is so thin that he can see his bones. AT: "I can see all of my bones" or "I can feel each of my bones" or 2) this continues the dog metaphor and the writer can see his bones after the dogs have ripped his flesh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

look and stare at me

The words "look" and "stare" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people look at him awkwardly and make fun of him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 22:18-19

my garments

"my clothes"

Do not be far away

This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Be very close" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

my strength

Here "strength" represents Yahweh who gives him strength. AT: "you who give me strength" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 22:20-21

Rescue my soul

Here "soul" stands for the whole person. AT: "Rescue me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

the sword

The sword is a common way of referring to a violent enemy. AT: "those who want to kill me" or "my enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

my only life

"my precious life" or "the only life I have"

claws of wild dogs ... lion's mouth ... horns of the wild oxen

The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs, lions, and wild oxen to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the claws, mouth, and horns stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes these parts of the animals because they are the parts that the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

wild dogs ... wild oxen

The word "wild" here means that no one has captured and tamed the animal.

translationWords

Psalms 22:22-23

I will declare your name

"I will make known your name." Here "name" stands for God's character or reputation. AT: "I will talk about your character" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

my brothers

Here "brothers" means "my fellow Israelites" or "my fellow worshipers of Yahweh"

in the midst of the assembly

"when my fellow Israelites and I gather together" or "when I am surrounded by my fellow worshipers of Yahweh"

You who fear

Here "You" is plural. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

you descendants of Jacob ... you descendants of Israel

Both of these refer to the same group of people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Stand in awe of him

"Be full of awe for him" or "Let God's power amaze you"

translationWords

Psalms 22:24-25

he has not despised or abhorred the suffering of the afflicted one

Possible meanings are 1) he has not despised the afflicted one because he is suffering or 2) he has not belittled the suffering of the afflicted one

despised or abhorred

These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that God has not forgotten the one who is afflicted and suffering. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

despised

strongly disliked or hated

abhorred

"loathed" or "scorned"

the suffering of the afflicted one ... from him ... the afflicted one cried

Possible meanings are 1) the author was speaking about how God treats people who are suffering. AT: "those who suffer ... from them ... those who are suffering cried" or 2) the author was speaking specifically about how God treated him. AT: "my suffering because of my affliction ... from me ... I cried" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

has not hidden his face from him

Hiding one's face from someone represents ignoring him. AT: "has not turned his attention away from him" or "has not ignored him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he heard

"he listened." It is implied that he responded when he heard their cry. AT: "he answered" or "he helped" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

because of you

Here "you" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

I will fulfill my vows

This refers to sacrifices the writer promised to offer to God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

before those who fear him

Here "him" refers to Yahweh. It can be stated as "you." AT: "in the presence of those who fear you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 22:26-27

The oppressed will eat and be satisfied

This refers to the fellowship meal which occurs after the writer offers to God the sacrifices that he promised. He will invite those who were suffering to eat a part of the animal he sacrificed. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

those who seek Yahweh

Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

May your hearts live forever

Here "hearts" represent the whole person. AT: "May you live forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

May your hearts

Here "your" is plural and refers to the oppressed people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

will remember and turn to Yahweh

Starting to obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the people physically turn toward Yahweh. AT: "will remember Yahweh and obey him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

all the families of the nations will bow down before you

This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. The writer is emphasizing that everyone from every place will worship and obey Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

will bow down before you

This is a sign of giving honor and respect to someone. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

before you

Here "you" refers to Yahweh. It can be translated in the third person to match the first part of the sentence. AT: "before him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 22:28-29

For the kingdom is Yahweh's

"For the kingdom belongs to Yahweh." Here "kingdom" represents God's rule as king. AT: "For Yahweh is king" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

he is the ruler over the nations

Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. AT: "he rules the people of the nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

will feast

The people will eat together at the feast. AT: "will eat together" or "will eat a festive meal together"

all those who are descending into the dust ... those who cannot preserve their own lives

Both phrases refers to the same group. They both refer to all people because all people will die. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

those who are descending into the dust

Here "dust" represents the grave. The phrase "descending into the dust" is a way of referring to someone dying. AT: "those who are dying" or "those who die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

those who cannot preserve their own lives

"those who cannot save their own lives" or "those who cannot keep themselves from dying"

translationWords

Psalms 22:30-31

A generation to come

Here "A generation" represents the people of a generation. The phrase "to come" speaks about a future time as if it were something that travels and arrives somewhere. AT: "People in the future generations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the next generation

Here "generation" represents the people of that generation. AT: "the people of the next generation" or "their children" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

of the Lord

"about the Lord" or "about what the Lord has done"

tell of his righteousness

The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "tell of the righteous things he has done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 23

Psalms 23:intro-0

Psalm 023 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 23 is a psalm of praise to God for his continued care and protection. The psalmist praises God for always being with him and for caring for him.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphor

Psalm 23 is an extended metaphor speaking of God as if he were a shepherd, and of the psalmist as if he were a sheep. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Psalms 23:1-2

General Information:

In much of this psalm, David writes as if he were a sheep and the Lord were his shepherd. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exmetaphor/01.md]])

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

Yahweh is my shepherd

The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. This emphasizes how God cares for people as a shepherd cares for his sheep. AT: "Yahweh is like a shepherd to me" or "Yahweh cares for me as a shepherd cares for his sheep" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will lack nothing

This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I have everything that I need" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

He makes me to lie down in green pastures

The writer speaks about himself as if he were a sheep, and he speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. AT: He gives me rest like a shepherd who leads his sheep to lie down in green pastures" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he leads me beside tranquil water

The writer speaks about himself as if he were a sheep, and he speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. AT: "he provides what I need like a shepherd who leads his sheep beside tranquil water" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

tranquil water

"calm water" or "water that flows gently." This water is safe to drink.

translationWords

Psalms 23:3

General Information:

This psalm continues to tell about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exmetaphor/01.md]])

He brings back my life

This means God makes a person who is weak and tired to be strong and rested again.

he guides me along right paths

Showing a person how to live in a way that pleases God is spoken of as if it were a shepherd showing a sheep the right path to take. AT: "He shows me how to live right" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

for his name's sake

The phrase "his name" here refers to his reputation. AT: "for his reputation" or "so that people will honor him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/name.md]]

Psalm 024 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 24 is a psalm of praise to God as the almighty God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/almighty.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Righteous people

Only the righteous come to worship God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/righteous.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Rhetorical Questions

The psalmists uses several rhetorical questions. Each question forms a unit with a response. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Psalms 24:1-2

General Information:

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

its fullness

The abstract noun "fullness" can be stated with the verb "fills." AT: "everything that fills it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

For he has founded it upon the seas and established it on the rivers

Here "founded it upon the seas" and "established it on the rivers" mean basically the same thing. The Hebrews of that time believed their land was supported by the oceans and deep underground rivers. AT: For he formed its foundation on the seas and built it on the deep waters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the seas ... the rivers

These phrases are used together to refer to the huge deep ocean below the earth.

on the rivers

"the water that is deep below"

translationWords

Psalms 24:3-4

Who will ascend the mountain ... in his holy place?

Both of these questions mean basically the same thing. The speaker is asking about who is allowed to go and worship Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

ascend

"go up" or "climb"

the mountain of Yahweh

This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem.

his holy place

This refers Yahweh's temple. His temple is on Mount Zion in Jerusalem.

He who has ... who has ... and has not

Here "He" does not refer to a specific person. AT: "Those who have ... who have ... and have not" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

who has clean hands

The word "hands" represents what a person does. For his "hands" to be clean means he does what is right. AT: "who does what is right" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

a pure heart

Here "heart" represents a person's thoughts or motives. AT: "thinks good thoughts" or "does not think about doing what is wrong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

who has not lifted up a falsehood

Here "falsehood" represents a false idol. To "lift up" means to worship. AT: "who has not worshiped an idol" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 24:5-6

He will receive a blessing from Yahweh

The word "he" does not refer to a specific person. It refers to the ones with pure hearts mentioned in previous verse. The abstract noun "blessing" can be stated as a verb. AT: "Yahweh will bless them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

righteousness from the God of his salvation

The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as "righteously." And, "salvation" can be stated as "save." AT: "God will deal righteously with him and save him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Such is the generation of those who seek him

Here "generation" represents people in general. AT: "The people who seek him are like this" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

those who seek him, those who seek the face of the God of Jacob

Both statements mean the same thing. They both refer to those who go to the temple to worship God. AT: "the ones who approach God, they are the ones who may worship God, the one we Israelites worship" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

those who seek him

Going to the temple to worship Yahweh is spoken of as if the person is literally seeking to find him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the face of the God of Jacob

Here "face" stands for the whole person. AT: "the God of Jacob" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 24:7-8

Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors

The two phases are very similar in meaning. The words "gates" and "doors" refer to the gates of the temple. The writer is speaking to the gates as if they were a person. A gatekeeper would be the one to open the gates. AT: "Open up, you ancient gates" or "Open these ancient gates" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Lift up your heads

It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the "head." But, it stands for the gate as a whole. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Yahweh, strong and mighty; Yahweh, mighty in battle

The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a mighty warrior who fights in battles. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 24:9-10

Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors

The two phases are very similar in meaning. The words "gates" and "doors" refer to the gates of the temple. The writer is speaking to the gates as if they were a person. A gatekeeper would be the one to open the gates. See how you translated this in Psalms 24:7. AT: "Open up, you ancient gates" or "Open these ancient gates" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Lift up your heads

It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the "head." But, it stands for the gate as a whole. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Selah

This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in Psalms 3:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 25

Psalms 25:intro-0

Psalm 025 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 25 is a prayer for God's help.

Special concepts in this chapter

# The humble

God is very good to humble people who seek to obey him.

Psalms 25:1-3

General Information:

I lift up my life

The phrase "lift up my life" is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) the writer is giving himself to Yahweh, which means he is completely depending on Yahweh. AT: "I give myself to you" or 2) he is offering prayer and adoration to Yahweh. AT: "I worship and adore you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Do not let me be humiliated

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not let my enemies humiliate me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

humiliated

"ashamed"

rejoice triumphantly over me

"rejoice in triumph over me." The phrase "over me" implies that his enemies have defeated him and stand above in victory. AT: "defeat me and rejoice about it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

May no one who hopes in you be disgraced

"Do not let those who hope in you be disgraced." Disgrace could come from being defeated by their enemies. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not let enemies defeat those who hope in you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

who hopes in you

"who trusts you"

act treacherously

"act deceitfully" or "act with trickery"

without cause

"without a reason"

translationWords

Psalms 25:4-5

Make known to me your ways, Yahweh; teach me your paths

Both statements mean the same thing. God teaching a person how they should behave is spoken of as if he were showing a person the correct path on which a person should travel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I hope in you

"I depend on you" or "I wait patiently for you"

Guide me into your truth and teach me

Guide and teach mean the same thing, to give instruction. AT: "Instruct me to conduct my life by obeying your truth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

the God of my salvation

The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as "saves." AT: "the one who saves me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 25:6-7

Call to mind

This is an idiom. This does not mean God forgot something. The writer is asking God to think about and consider his acts of compassion and faithfulness. AT: "Remember" or "Think about" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

your acts of compassion and of covenant faithfulness

The abstract nouns "compassion" and "faithfulness" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "how you have been compassionate and faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

for they have always existed

Here "they" personifies God's compassion and covenant faithfulness. AT: "for that is how you have always been" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Do not think about the sins of my youth

The abstract noun "sins" can be stated as "sinned." AT: "Do not think about how I sinned against you when I was young" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

or my rebelliousness

The abstract noun "rebelliousness" can be stated as "rebelled." AT: or about how I have rebelled against you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Call me to mind

This is an idiom. This does not mean God forgot something. The writer is asking God to think about him. AT: "Remember me" or "Think about me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

with covenant faithfulness because of your goodness

The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "goodness" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "and be faithful to me because of your covenant, because you are good" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 25:8-9

the way ... his way

How God wants a person to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which a person travels. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the humble

This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "humble people" or "those who are humble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

The troubles of my heart are enlarged

Here "heart" represents a person's emotions. AT: "I feel more and more troubled" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

draw me out from my distress

"bring me out of my distress." This speaks of distress as if it were a place that a person can be brought out of. AT: "rescue me from my distress" or "relieve me of my distress" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my distress

The word "distress" is an abstract noun. AT: "the things that distress me" or "the things that cause me to be afraid" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

See my affliction

"Notice my affliction"

my affliction

The abstract noun "affliction" can be stated as a verb. AT: "the things that afflict me" or "how afflicted I am" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

my toils

The word "toils" is an abstract noun. AT: "the things that trouble me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

they hate me with cruel hatred

"they hate me cruelly" or "they hate me fiercely"

translationWords

Psalms 25:20-21

do not let me be humiliated

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not let my enemies humiliate me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

take refuge in you!

Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you for protection!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

May integrity and uprightness preserve me

This speaks about "integrity" and "uprightness" as if they were persons who could keep another person safe. These abstract nouns can be stated as adjectives. AT: "May being honest and doing what is right preserve me" or "Preserve me, Lord, because I am honest and do what is right" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

preserve me

"keep me safe"

translationWords

Psalms 25:22

Rescue Israel

"Save Israel" or "Redeem Israel"

Israel ... his troubles

Here "Israel" represents the people of Israel. AT: "the people of Israel ... our troubles" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 26

Psalms 26:intro-0

Psalm 026 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 26 is a teaching psalm; showing people how they should live by the example of the psalmsist.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Praise

The psalmist delights in praising God and doing good deeds. It is striking how this psalm uses the first person pronoun. This is an individual psalm of petition. Each of the four petitions are accompanied with various claims. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/good.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/works.md]])

Psalms 26:1-3

General Information:

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

I have walked

The word "walked" is a metaphor for behavior. AT: "I have behaved" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in Yahweh

The third person use of "Yahweh" can be stated in the second person. AT: "in you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

without wavering

Doubting is spoken of as if it were losing balance and waving back and forth. AT: "without doubting" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Examine me

"Try me"

test the purity of my inner parts and my heart

Here "inner parts" and "heart" mean motives. AT: "test whether my motives are good" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

For your covenant faithfulness is before my eyes

Here "eyes" represent a person's thoughts and having something before one's eyes represents being aware of that thing. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "For I am always aware of your covenant faithfulness" or "For I am always aware that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

I walk about in your faithfulness

The word "walk" is a metaphor for behavior. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "I conduct my life according to your faithfulness" or "I behave the way I do because you are faithful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 26:4-5

I do not associate with

"I do not keep company with" or "I do not sit with"

with deceitful people

"with those who deceive others"

nor do I mingle with dishonest people

This means the same as the first part of the sentence. AT: "and I do not join with dishonest people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

dishonest people

"hypocrites" or "those who lie to others"

the assembly of evildoers

"those who gather to do evil"

the wicked

This is a nominal adjective. AT: "wicked people" or "those who are wicked" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 26:6-8

I wash my hands in innocence

This seems to refer to a ritual washing of hands in water to symbolize freedom from sin and guilt. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

I go around your altar

This was an action of worship that the Israelites were accustomed to doing.

the house where you live

Possible meanings are 1) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem or 2) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there.

the place where your glory lives

Here "glory" represents the presence and power of God, which is similar to a very bright light. AT: "the place where people can see the glorious light of your presence" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 26:9-10

Do not sweep me away with sinners

"Sweep away" here is a metaphor for destruction. AT: "Do not destroy me along with sinners" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

or my life

The word "sweep" is understood. AT: "or sweep my life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

people who are bloodthirsty

The word "bloodthirsty" represents wanting to kill people. AT: "people who are eager to shed others' blood" or "murderers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

in whose hands

"Hands" refers to the whole person. AT: "people in which" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

a plot

"a wicked plan"

translationWords

Psalms 26:11-12

But as for me

This phrase shows that the writer is changing from speaking about wicked people to talking about himself.

I will walk in integrity

"Walk" here is a metaphor for behavior. AT: "I will behave with integrity" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

My foot stands

Here "foot" represents the whole person. AT: "I stand" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

level ground

Possible meanings are that "level ground" represents 1) a safe place or 2) right behavior (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in the assemblies will I bless Yahweh

"when I gather with the people of Israel I will praise you"

translationWords

Psalms 27

Psalms 27:intro-0

Psalm 027 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 27 is a psalm of praise to God because God keeps the psalmist safe from all his enemies.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's help

Because of God's help, he has nothing to fear, no matter what happens. The psalmist shows his confidence in God; he also asks God for help.

Psalms 27:1

General Information:

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

Yahweh is my light

Here "light" represents life. AT: "Yahweh is the source of my life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

whom should I fear?

This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should fear. AT: "I will not be afraid of anyone" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Yahweh is my life's refuge

This speaks about Yahweh as if he were a place where people can go for safety. AT: "Yahweh is the one who keeps me safe" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

whom should I dread?

This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should be afraid of. AT: "I will not dread anyone" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 27:2-3

to devour my flesh

Destroying someone completely is spoken of as if it were devouring a person's flesh. He did not mean that they wanted to eat his body. AT: "to destroy me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my adversaries and my enemies

These words mean the same thing. These are the evildoers who came near to him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

stumbled and fell

This represents the writer's enemies failing to fulfill their plans to harm the writer. AT: "did not succeed" or "failed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Though an army encamps against me

"though an army surrounds me" or "though an army puts its tents around me"

my heart will not fear

Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I will not be afraid" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

though war rises up against me

The writer's enemies are spoken of as if they themselves were a war. AT: "though my enemies come to fight against me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will remain confident

"I will continue to trust God to help me"

translationWords

Psalms 27:4

have I asked of Yahweh

"I have asked Yahweh to let me do"

I will seek that

A person really wanting something and continually asking God for it is spoken of as if he were seeking to find something. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

to see the beauty of Yahweh

The wonderful character of God is spoken of as if it were physical beauty. AT: "to see how wonderful Yahweh is" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

to meditate in his temple

Possible meanings are 1) "to ask God what he wants me to do" or 2) "to think carefully about God in his temple."

What would have happened to me

This rhetorical question can be stated positively. AT: "Something bad would have happened to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

the goodness of Yahweh

The abstract noun "goodness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "the good things that Yahweh does" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

in the land of the living

This refers to being alive. AT: "while I am alive" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Wait for Yahweh ... Wait for Yahweh!

This verse may be 1) the writer speaking to himself or 2) the writer speaking to others or 3) someone speaking to the writer.

let your heart be courageous

Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "be courageous" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Wait for Yahweh!

This line is repeated at the end of the psalm as a way of ending the psalm.

translationWords

Psalms 28

Psalms 28:intro-0

Psalm 028 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 28 is a psalm of prayer to God that he is not be punished along with the wicked people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Trust

The psalmist trusted God completely and God rescued him. This is similar to psalm 7 and 17 because it is an individual lament psalm. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/lament.md]])

Psalms 28:1-2

General Information:

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

I cry out

"I call out loudly"

my rock

This is a metaphor for strength. AT: "my strength" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

do not ignore me

"do not be silent to me" or "do not leave me alone"

I will join those who go down to the grave

People who die are spoken of as if they are going down into the grave. AT: "I will die like those who are in the grave" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Hear the sound of my pleading

Here "sound" refers to the content of his request. AT: "Hear my strong request" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I lift up my hands toward your most holy place

Lifting up hands is a symbol of worship. The writer is not worshiping the holy place, but Yahweh who lives in the holy place. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

your most holy place

Possible meanings are 1) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there, or 2) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem.

translationWords

Psalms 28:3-5

Do not drag me away

God punishing people is spoken of as if he physically drags them away. In this metaphor Yahweh may be dragging them to prison, exile, or death. AT: "Do not remove me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

who speak peace with their neighbors

Here "neighbors" refers to people in general. AT: "who speak peacefully with other people"

but have evil in their hearts

Here "hearts" represents a person's mind or thoughts. AT: "but are thinking something evil about them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Give them what their deeds deserve ... repay them what their wickedness demands

These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used together to emphasize that they deserve for God to punish them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

the work of their hands

Here "hands" represent what the person has done. AT: "the things they have done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

render to them their due

"give them what they deserve"

Because they do not understand ... never rebuild them

Possible meanings are 1) David is confident about what God will do to wicked people or 2) David is asking God to destroy the wicked people.

they do not understand the deeds of Yahweh

It is implied that "do not understand" means they ignore or do not honor Yahweh's works. AT: "they do not regard with honor what Yahweh has done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the work of his hands

Here "hands" represents what Yahweh has done or created. AT: "what he has created" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

he will tear them down and never rebuild them

The punishment of the wicked people is spoken of as if they were a building or a city that God would destroy. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 28:6-8

he has heard the sound of my pleading

Here "sound" represents what the writer said. AT: "has heard what I said when I pleaded to him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Yahweh is my strength

The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as "strong." AT: "Yahweh makes me strong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

my shield

This represents Yahweh's protecting the writer. AT: "he protects me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my heart trusts

Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I trust" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

I am helped

This can be stated in active form. AT: "he helps me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

my heart greatly rejoices

Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I greatly rejoice" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Yahweh is the strength of his people

The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as "strong." AT: "Yahweh makes his people strong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

he is the saving refuge of his anointed one

Yahweh keeping the king safe is spoken of as if Yahweh were a place that the king could go for safety. AT: "he keeps safe the one he appointed to be king" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

his anointed one

The represents the king. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 28:9

your inheritance

This speaks about the people of God as if they were something God inherited. AT: "your possession" or "those who belong to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Be their shepherd and carry them forever

The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd and the people are his sheep. A shepherd would carry a sheep if it needed help or protection. AT: "Be like their shepherd and protect them forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 29

Psalms 29:intro-0

Psalm 029 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 29 is a worship psalm. It tells how Yahweh rules all nature.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's power

God is powerful. All he has to do is to speak in order to control nature.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metonymy

The voice of the Yahweh stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Psalms 29:1-2

General Information:

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

you sons of God

The phrase "sons of" is a way of saying "having the characteristics of." AT: "you mighty men" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

ascribe to Yahweh glory and strength

The abstract nouns "glory" and "strength" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "praise Yahweh because he is glorious and strong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ascribe to Yahweh the glory his name deserves

The abstract noun "glory" can be stated as a verb or adjective. AT: "Honor Yahweh just as his name deserves" or "Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

his name deserves

The phrase "his name" refers to Yahweh or his reputation. AT: "as is proper because of who he is" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Bow down to Yahweh

The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. AT: "Bow down to worship Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

in the splendor of holiness

The abstract nouns "splendor" and "holiness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "because he is gloriously beautiful and holy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 29:3-5

General Information:

The psalm shows Yahweh's power and glory.

The voice of Yahweh is heard over the waters

God's voice is louder and clearer than all other sounds and noises. It can be heard over other loud sounds such as the sound of the waters. This can be stated in active form. AT: "When Yahweh speaks his voice is louder than the sound of the sea" or "Yahweh shouts louder than the sound of the waters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

over the waters

This refers to the seas or the oceans. These waters make a very loud noise as the waves rise and fall.

The voice of Yahweh

All occurrences of "voice" here represent Yahweh speaking. The writer is emphasizing that when Yahweh speaks, the sound is so loud it is heard over the waters, and it is so powerful it can destroy the largest trees. AT: "When Yahweh speaks, his voice" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the God of glory thunders

This speaks about God speaking as if it were the sound of thunder. Just like the sound of thunder, Yahweh's voice can be heard over large distances. AT: "The voice of the glorious God is loud like thunder" or "When the glorious God speaks it rumbles like thunder" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

over many waters

"over the large bodies of water"

translationWords

Psalms 29:6-8

Connecting Statement:

The writer continues describing the power of God's voice.

He makes Lebanon skip like a calf

The ground of Lebanon shaking is spoken of as if it were a young calf skipping. This emphasizes that when Yahweh speaks, the power of his voice shakes the ground. AT: "He makes the land of Lebanon shake like a calf skipping" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

skip

jump lightly back and forth

Sirion like a young ox

The words "he makes" and "skip" are understood from the first phrase. They can be repeated here. The ground of Sirion shaking is spoken of as if it were a young ox skipping. This emphasizes that when Yahweh speaks, the power of his voice shakes the ground. AT: "he makes Sirion skip like a young ox" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Sirion

This is a mountain in Lebanon. It is also called Mount Hermon. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

The voice of Yahweh sends out flames of fire

All occurrences of "voice" here represent Yahweh speaking. AT: "When Yahweh speaks he causes lightning to flash in the sky" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

flames of fire

This refers to lightning.

translationWords

Psalms 29:9-10

The voice of Yahweh causes

Here "voice" represents Yahweh speaking. AT: "When Yahweh speaks, the sound causes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the oaks to twist

"the large trees to shake"

strips the forests bare

Removing the leaves of the trees is spoken of as if it was removing their clothing. AT: "strips off the leaves from the trees" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Yahweh sits as king

This means that Yahweh rules. AT: "Yahweh rules" or "Yahweh is king" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

over the flood

Here "flood" refers to waters that cover the earth.

translationWords

Psalms 29:11

Yahweh blesses his people with peace

The word "peace" is an abstract noun. AT: "Yahweh blesses his people by causing them to prosper and to live peacefully" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 30

Psalms 30:intro-0

Psalm 030 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 30 is a psalm of praise and thanksgiving to God. The psalmist was near death but God rescued him.

Special concepts in this chapter

# The psalmist's death

If he had died, it would not have been a help to God. But since God rescued him he can praise God.

Psalms 30:1-3

General Information:

a song at the dedication of the temple

"This song was sung when the temple was dedicated"

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

you have raised me up

The writer speaks of God rescuing him and keeping him from dying as if God had drawn him up from a deep well. AT: "you rescued me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

brought up my soul from Sheol

Since "Sheol" was the place where dead people go, it refers to death. AT: "kept me from dying" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

brought up my soul

Here "my soul" refers to the writer. AT: "brought me up" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

from going down to the grave

The "grave" represents death. AT: "from dying" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 30:4-5

Give thanks when you remember his holiness

The abstract nouns "thanks" and "holiness" can be stated as "thank" and "holy." AT: "Remember that God is holy and thank him" or "Remember what God has done because he is holy and thank him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

his anger is only for a moment

"his anger lasts only a moment." The abstract noun "anger" can be stated as "angry." AT: "he is angry for only a moment" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

a moment

Here "moment" represents a short amount of time. AT: "a short time" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

but his favor is for a lifetime

The abstract noun "favor" can be stated as the adjective "good." AT: "but he is good to us all of our lives" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Weeping comes for a night, but joy comes in the morning

This speaks about "weeping" and "joy" as if they were something that travels and arrives at a certain time. AT: "We may cry during the night, but the next morning we will be joyful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 30:6-8

In confidence

The word "confidence" is an abstract noun. The writer recalls a time when he was prospering and felt confident and safe. AT: "When I was confident" or "When I felt safe" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

I will never be shaken

The word "shaken" is a metaphor for defeat. AT: "No one will defeat me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

by your favor

The abstract noun "favor" can be stated as the verb "favored" or the adjective "kind." AT: "when you favored me" or "when you were kind to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

you established me as a strong mountain

The writer's security is spoken of as if he were a strong mountain. AT: "you made me as secure as a high mountain" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

when you hid your face

This is an idiom. AT: "when you stopped helping me" or "when you rejected me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

I was troubled

"I was fearful" or "I was worried"

sought favor from my Lord

The phrase "sought favor" means to ask for help. AT: "I pleaded for you to help me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

from my Lord

The writer is referring to Yahweh in third person. It can be stated in second person. AT: "from you, my Lord" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 30:9-10

What advantage is there in my death, if I go down to the grave?

The writer uses this question to emphasize that he would be of no value to God if he were dead. AT: "There is no advantage if I die and go down to the grave." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Will the dust praise you? Will it declare your trustworthiness?

The writer uses these questions to emphasize that his dead and decayed body cannot praise God. AT: "The dust will certainly not praise you or tell others about how trustworthy you are." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

the dust

This refers to the body of the writer which will decay and become dust when he is dead. AT: "my decayed body" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 30:11-12

You have turned my mourning into dancing

It was customary for the Jews to dance when they were very happy. The abstract nouns "mourning" and "dancing" can be stated as verbs. AT: "You have caused me to stop mourning and to dance with joy instead" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

you have removed my sackcloth

Sackcloth was associated with mourning and sorrow. AT: "You have caused me to no longer be sad" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

clothed me with gladness

The writer speaks of gladness as if it were a garment that he could put on. AT: "caused me to be glad" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my glory will sing praise to you

Here "my glory" refers to the writer's soul or heart or inner being. This represents the entire person of the writer, who worships God because God has made him glad. AT: "I will sing praise to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 31

Psalms 31:intro-0

Psalm 031 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 31 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist's enemies thought they had defeated him, but God protected him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Abandonment

Even though everyone deserted and despised the psalmist, God did not abandon him.

Psalms 31:1-2

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

In you, Yahweh, I take refuge

Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "I go to you, Yahweh, for protection" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

never let me be humiliated

This can be stated in active form. AT: "do not let others humiliate me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

be my rock of refuge, a stronghold to save me

The phrase "be my rock of refuge" is a request for protection. The second phrase emphasizes the first phrase. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

my rock of refuge

Yahweh is spoke of as if he were a huge rock that would protect the writer from attack. AT: "like a huge rock on which I can be safe" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

a stronghold to save me

Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a strong fortress in which the writer would be protected from his enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 31:3-4

my rock

my fortress

Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a strong fortress in which the writer would be protected from his enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

for your name's sake

In this phrase "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "so that your name may be honored" or "so that I may worship you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

lead and guide me

The words "lead" and "guide" mean basically the same thing and strengthen the request that Yahweh lead him. AT: "lead me where you want me to go" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Pluck me out of the net that they have hidden for me

The writer is spoken of as if he were a bird caught in a hidden net, and waiting for Yahweh to free him from the trap. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you are my refuge

Yahweh is spoken of as if he is a place where the writer can hide from people who are attacking him. AT: "you always protect me" or "you give me constant protection" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/name.md]]

Psalms 31:5-7

Into your hands

God is spirit, but he is here spoken of as if he has hands. Here "your hands" refers to Yahweh's care. AT: "Into your care" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I entrust my spirit

Here "my spirit" refers to the writer. AT: "I place myself" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

God of trustworthiness

"you are a God I can trust"

I hate those who serve worthless idols

Here the word "worthless" refers to all idols. This can be clarified in translation. AT: "Idols are worthless. I hate those who serve them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-distinguish/01.md]])

I will be glad and rejoice in your covenant faithfulness

The words "glad" and "rejoice" share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of joy. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "I will be very glad because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

you saw my affliction ... you knew the distress of my soul

Both of these phrases express the idea that God knows about the writer's troubles. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

the distress of my soul

Here "my soul" refers to the writer. AT: "my distress" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 31:8-9

You have set my feet

Here "my feet" refers to the writer. AT: "You have set me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

a wide open place

The Hebrews thought of wide open spaces as a metaphor for safety and freedom. AT: "a place where I am free" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I am in distress

"I am suffering greatly"

my soul and my body

The terms "soul" and "body" are used to describe the complete person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 31:10-11

For my life is weary

Here "my life" refers to the writer. AT: "I have become very weak" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

with sorrow ... with groaning

"because of my sorrow ... because of my groaning"

my years with groaning

The phrase "is weary" is missing, but is implied. AT: "my years are weary with groaning" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

My strength fails

Here "My strength" refers to the writer. AT: "I have become weak" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

my bones are wasting away

Here "my bones" refers to the physical health of the writer. AT: "my health is failing" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

people disdain me

"people insult me"

are appalled at my situation

"are shocked at my condition"

translationWords

Psalms 31:12-13

as a dead man whom no one thinks about

People do not think about dead people. The writer does not think people think about him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

like a broken pot

The writer speaks of himself as if he was completely useless. "as useless as a broken pot" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

the whispering of many

It is implied that "many" refers to people. AT: "many people talking about me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

terrifying news from every side

"scary reports from many sources"

take away my life

This idiom means to kill someone. AT: "kill me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 31:14-16

My times are in your hand

Here "your hand" refers to Yahweh's power. AT: "You have the power to decide my future" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

from those who pursue me

"from people who try to capture me"

Make your face shine on your servant

The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards him as if Yahweh's face shone a light on him. AT: "Act favorably towards your servant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

save me in your covenant faithfulness

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "save me because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 31:17-18

Do not let me be humiliated

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Do not let others make me feel ashamed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

May the wicked be humiliated!

"I wish that God would disgrace wicked people!"

the wicked

This refers to "wicked people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

May they be silent in Sheol. May lying lips be silenced

This idea is repeated to emphasize the writer's desire that the voices of the wicked are not heard. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

May they be silent in Sheol

Here "in Sheol" represents death. AT: "Let them die so they cannot speak" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

lying lips

These represent lying people. AT: "people who lie" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

that speak against the righteous defiantly

Here "the righteous" refers to people who are righteous. AT: "that say terrible things about righteous people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

with arrogance and contempt

These terms have similar meanings. AT: "with a complete lack of respect"

translationWords

Psalms 31:19-20

is your goodness

This can be expressed with a verb. AT: "are the good things you do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

that you have stored up

Yahweh's goodness is spoken of as if it was something that could be stored up like a harvest. AT: "that you are keeping ready to use" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

those who revere you

"those who respect you greatly"

take refuge in you

Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. See how you translated this in Psalms 31:1. AT: "those who go to you for protection" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

In the shelter of your presence, you hide them ... You hide them in a shelter

These phrases both mean that God protects them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

In the shelter

Yahweh's presence is spoken of as if it is a strong building where the writer would be safe. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

You hide them in a shelter

Here a "shelter" represents a safe place. AT: "You provide a safe place for them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

from the violence of tongues

Here "tongues" refer to the people who are speaking violent things against the writer. AT: "where their enemies cannot speak evil at them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 31:21-22

he showed me his marvelous covenant faithfulness

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "he showed me that he is wonderfully faithful to his covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

I am cut off from your eyes

This can be stated in active form. AT: "You have removed me from your presence" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

your eyes

Here Yahweh is represented by his "eyes." AT: "you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

you heard my plea for help

Here "plea" can be expressed with a verb. AT: "you heard me plead for help" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 31:23-24

the faithful

This refers to the faithful people. AT: "the people who are faithful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

he pays back the arrogant in full

Here "pay back" is an idiom that refers to punishment. AT: "he gives the proud people all of the punishment that they deserve" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 32

Psalms 32:intro-0

Psalm 032 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 32 is a psalm of confession of sin. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/confess.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

You will surround me with the songs of victory

This metaphor apparently means that Yahweh's protection of the writer is the cause for songs of victory to be sung. AT: "Because of you I will sing songs of victory" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Selah

This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in Psalms 3:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

I will instruct you and teach you in the way

The words "instruct" and "teach" mean basically the same thing and emphasize careful instruction. AT: "I will teach you everything about the way" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

I will instruct

Here the "I" is probably Yahweh who talks directly to David.

in the way which you should go

Living in the correct way is spoken of as if it were a path that the writer should walk. AT: "how you should live your life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

with my eye upon you

Here "my eye" refers to Yahweh's attention. AT: "and direct my attention to you" or "and watch over you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 32:9-10

Do not be like a horse ... no understanding

The writer compares people with no understanding to horses and mules. Possible meanings are 1) the writer is speaking Yahweh's words to his readers, "You all must not be like a horse ... no understanding" or 2) Yahweh is speaking to the writer as though to a group of people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

bridle and bit

Two tools that are used by people to guide horses and mules go where the rider wants them to go.

where you want them to

"where anyone wants them to go." The "you" here is singular and refers to no one in particular.

Yahweh's covenant faithfulness will surround the one who trusts in him

Yahweh being faithful to a person and protecting that person is spoken of as if Yahweh's covenant faithfulness surrounded the person. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant, he will protect the one who trusts in him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 32:11

Be glad in Yahweh

Here "in Yahweh" refers to what Yahweh has done for them. "Be glad because of what Yahweh has done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

you righteous

This refers to people. AT: "you righteous people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

shout for joy

"shout joyfully" or "shout because of joy"

who are upright in heart

Here "heart" refers to the person. AT: "people who are upright" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 33

Psalms 33:intro-0

Psalm 033 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 33 is a worship song. It tells how great God is.

The writer describes the creation of the oceans as if God put them in a storehouse. AT: "he puts the oceans in their place, just like a man puts grain in a storehouse" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Let the whole earth

This refers to the people on the earth. AT: "Let everyone on earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

stand in awe of him

Here "stand in awe" is an idiom that means "be in awe." AT: "honor him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

stood in place

Here "stood in place" is an idiom that means "was created." AT: "started to exist" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 33:10-12

General Information:

Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Yahweh frustrates

"Yahweh destroys" or "Yahweh breaks"

the alliances of nations

Here "nations" refers to the people of these nations. AT: "the alliances of the people of different nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

alliances

An alliance is an agreement between two or more nations to support each other in a war against a common enemy.

the plans of the peoples

"the intentions of the peoples" AT: "the evil plans of the peoples"

stand forever

Here "stand" is an idiom that means "endure." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

the plans of his heart for all generations

The missing term "stand" is implied. AT: "the plans of his heart stand for all generations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

the plans of his heart

Here "his heart" refers to Yahweh. AT: "his plans" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

for all generations

"for all future generations." This is an idiom that means "forever." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Blessed is the nation

Here "the nation" refers to the people of the nation. AT: "Blessed are the people of the nation" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

whose God is Yahweh

"who worship Yahweh as God"

as his own inheritance

The people Yahweh has chosen to worship him are described here as if they were an inheritance that he has received. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 33:13-15

he looks down

The place where Yahweh lives is spoken of as if it is above the earth where people live. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Let your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, be with us

Yahweh acting faithfully towards the people is spoken of as if Yahweh's covenant faithfulness were with them. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adverb. AT: "May you always act faithfully towards us because of your covenant, Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

as we put our hope in you

"as we hope for your help"

translationWords

Psalms 34

Psalms 34:intro-0

Psalm 034 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 34 is a teaching psalm and includes thanksgiving. It teaches that living right leads to a good life. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/life.md]])

The psalm does not relate directly to the superscription given about Abimelech.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's help

Good people can have problems, but God brings them through these. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/good.md]])

will not lack anything good

This can be stated in positive form. AT: "will always have the good things they need" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

sons

Here this does not refer to literal sons of the writer, but to the people he is teaching about Yahweh. AT: "my students"

translationWords

Psalms 34:12-14

What man is there who desires life and loves many days, that he may see good?

The implicit answer to this question is "every man." This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Every man desires life and desires to live many days and have a good life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

keep your tongue from evil ... keep your lips from speaking lies

These two phrases refer to the same thing and it is said in different ways to emphasize its importance. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Then keep your tongue from evil

Here "tongue" refers to the whole person. AT: "Therefore, do not speak evil" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

keep your lips from speaking lies

Here "lips" refers to the person speaking. AT: "do not speak lies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Turn away from evil

Here "Turn away" is a metaphor for avoiding evil. AT: "Refuse to do evil" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Seek peace

Here "seek" means to be concerned about peace. AT: "Try hard to live in peace with other people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 34:15-17

The eyes of Yahweh are on the righteous

Here "the eyes of Yahweh" refer to his careful watching. "The righteous" is a reference to righteous people. AT: "Yahweh carefully watches over the righteous people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

his ears are directed toward their cry

Here Yahweh is represented by his "ears." To be directed toward something means to pay attention to it. AT: "he pays attention to their cry" or "he answers their cry" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

to cut off the memory of them from the earth

Yahweh will cause people to so completely forget them when they die that it is as if he used a knife to cut off any memory of them. AT: "so that when they are dead, people will forget them completely" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Yahweh hears

Here "hears" means that Yahweh desires to respond to them. AT: "Yahweh pays attention to them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 34:18-20

Yahweh is close

Here "is close" means "ready to help." AT: "Yahweh is always ready to help" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

the brokenhearted

This is a nominal adjective that refers to people who are brokenhearted. Deep sadness is spoken of as if the person's heart is broken. AT: "people who are very sad" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

those who are crushed in spirit

People who are deeply discouraged are spoken of as if their spirits are crushed. AT: "people who are deeply discouraged" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the righteous

This refers to people who are righteous. AT: "the righteous people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

He keeps all his bones, not one of them will be broken

Here "all his bones" is literal, but it also implies that Yahweh takes care of the entire person. AT: "He provides complete protection for him, he will not be harmed in any way" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 34:21-22

Evil will kill the wicked

Evil is described as if it were a man who can kill people. AT: "The evil deeds of wicked people will kill them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

the wicked

This refers to wicked people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

Those who hate the righteous will be condemned

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will condemn those who hate the righteous" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the righteous

This refers to righteous people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

None of those who take refuge in him will be condemned

This can be stated in active form. It can also be stated in positive form. AT: "Yahweh will forgive everyone who takes refuge in him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

take refuge in him

Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to him for protection" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 35

Psalms 35:intro-0

Psalm 035 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 35 is a prayer for deliverance. His enemies are coming against him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Enemies

When his enemies were sick, he tried to comfort them, but when he was in trouble his enemies use this as a time to attack him.

Psalms 35:1-3

General Information:

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

Grab your small shield and large shield ... your spear and battle ax

These phrases describe God as a warrior who is preparing himself for battle. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

small shield and large shield

these are defensive weapons

spear and battle ax

these are offensive weapons

those who chase me

Possible meanings are 1) these enemies are literally chasing the writer or 2) this is a metaphor for people who are enemies of the writer. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

say to my soul

This refers to the writer. AT: "say to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

I am your salvation

This can be stated without the abstract noun. AT: "I am your savior" or "I will save you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 35:4-6

May those who seek my life be shamed and dishonored

This can be stated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh shame and dishonor those who seek my life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

May those

"I desire that"

who seek my life

Here "seek my life" means they desire to kill the writer. The writer is represented by his "life." AT: "who are trying to kill me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

May those who plan to harm me be turned back and confounded

This can be stated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh turn back and confound those who plan to harm me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

be turned back

"be turned back" here is a metaphor for being unable to accomplish their goal. AT: "be unsuccessful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

confounded

"confused" or "perplexed"

as chaff before the wind

The writer's enemies are spoken of as if they are chaff that is easily blown away. AT: "blown away by the wind like chaff" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

their way

Here "their way" refers to their lives. AT: "their lives" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

dark and slippery

This refers to a way that is hidden and dangerous. AT: "hidden and full of dangers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

chases them

This refers to the angel of Yahweh being opposed to the writer's enemies. AT: "works against them" or "opposes them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 35:7-8

they set their net for me

The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a net that they set to catch the writer. AT: "they want to catch me in a net like a small animal" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they dug a pit for my life

The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a pit that they dug to catch the writer. AT: "they wanted to capture me in a pit like a big animal" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my life

This refers to the writer. AT: "me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Let destruction overtake them by surprise

Destruction is spoken of as if it was a dangerous animal that would suddenly attack them. AT: "Let them be destroyed suddenly" or "Let them be surprised because you destroy them suddenly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

the net that they have set

The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a net that they place to catch the writer. AT: "the net that they placed in order to capture me like an animal and harm me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Let them fall into it

This is the same metaphor as in verse 7. The net is intended to catch the writer. AT: "Let them fall into the pit that they dug for me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

fall into it

Possible meanings are 1) fall into the pit of verse 7 or 2) fall into destruction.

to their destruction

The abstract noun "destruction" can be stated as a verb. AT: "so that they will be destroyed" or "that is how you should destroy them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 35:9-10

in his salvation

The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "because you save me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

All my bones

Here "bones" refers to the deepest inner being of a person. AT: "My whole inner being" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Yahweh, who is like you ... those who try to rob them?

The implicit answer to this question is that no one is like Yahweh. AT: "Yahweh, there is no one like you ... those who try to rob them." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

the poor and needy

The words "poor" and "needy" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh saves many who need his help. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 35:11-12

rise up

This means they testify in a trial. AT: "volunteer to give a testimony" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

They repay me evil for good

This is a metaphor which means they give back evil in exchange for the good they have received. AT: "In return for my doing good things for them, they do evil things to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

evil ... good

These abstract nouns can be stated in other forms. AT: "evil things ... good things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

I am sorrowful

"I am extremely sad"

translationWords

Psalms 35:13-14

when they were sick

The word "they" refers to the "unrighteous witnesses" (Psalms 35:11).

I wore sackcloth

"I showed that I was sad"

with my head bowed on my chest

This was a symbol of prayer. "with my head bent down in prayer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

in grief as for my brother

The writer was as sad as if his own brother had died. AT: "grieving as if my own brother was ill" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

I bent down in mourning as for my mother

The writer mourned as if his own mother had died. AT: "I mourned as if my own mother had died" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

I bent down

This was a symbol of pain and suffering. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 35:15-16

gathered together

"assembled together" or "came together"

against me

This means they came together for the purpose of attacking the writer. AT: "to make plans against me" or "to plan my destruction" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

They tore at me

Here the treated the writer as if he were a piece of cloth that they could tear to pieces. AT: "They attacked me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

With no respect at all they mocked me

"With the worthless people they ridiculed me" or 2) "Without respect they made fun of me"

they grind their teeth at me in rage

This is a sign of anger and hate. "they made grinding noises with their teeth at me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 35:17-18

how long will you look on?

This rhetorical question indicates that the writer wants God to stop simply looking on and to start to help him. AT: "how long will you only watch them doing this?" or "when will you help me?" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Rescue my soul

Here "soul" refers to the writer. AT: "Rescue me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

my life from the lions

The word "save" is implied. AT: "save my life from the lions" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

my life

This refers to the writer. AT: "me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

from the lions

Here the writer speaks of his enemies as if they were vicious lions. AT: "from my enemies who attack me like wild animals" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 35:19-20

Do not let my deceitful enemies

"Do not let my enemies, who tell lies about me,"

their wicked schemes

"their evil plans"

they do not speak peace

The abstract noun "peace" can be stated as "peacefully." AT: "they do not speak peacefully to people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

devise deceitful words

"look for ways to tell lies"

those in our land who live in peace

"those who live peacefully in our land"

live in peace

The abstract noun "peace" can be stated in other forms. AT: "live peacefully with others" or "do no harm to anyone" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 35:21-23

They open their mouths wide against me

The reason they open their mouths is to accuse the writer. AT: "They shout at me in order to accuse me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Aha, Aha

This is an exclamation that is used when something is suddenly seen or understood. It emphasizes the statement that follows. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclamations/01.md]])

our eyes have seen it

Here "our eyes" refers to the enemies' eyes. It is implied that they are saying they saw the writer do something wrong. AT: "we have seen it" or "we saw the wrong things that you did" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

You have seen it

Here "it" refers to the false accusations of the writer's enemies. AT: "You have seen how they falsely accused me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

do not be silent

"do not ignore what they did" This can be stated in positive form. AT: "judge them because of what they did" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

do not be far from me

This can be stated in positive form. AT: "be very close to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

Arouse yourself and awake

This does not mean that God is actually asleep. The writer wants God to intervene. Both words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the urgency of this request. AT: "I feel like you are sleeping! Wake up" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

to my defense

This abstract noun "defense" can be stated as "defend." AT: "to defend me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

my cause

This refers to the writer. AT: "me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 35:24-26

do not let them rejoice over me

"do not let them be glad because I am suffering"

say in their heart

This is an idiom that means to say to oneself. AT: "say to themselves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Aha

This is an exclamation that is used when something is suddenly seen or understood. It emphasizes what follows. AT: "Yes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclamations/01.md]])

we have what we wanted

It is implied that the writer's enemies wanted him to be declared guilty. AT: "he has been declared guilty just as we desired" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

We have devoured him

The writer's enemies speak of his destruction as if they were wild animals who had eaten him. AT: "We have swallowed him up" or "We have destroyed him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

confound

"humiliate" or "perplex"

May those who taunt me be covered with shame and dishonor

This can be stated in active form. AT: "May you cover with shame and dishonor those who taunt me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

taunt

to insult someone to make them angry

covered with shame and dishonor

Here shame and dishonor are spoken of as if they were shameful clothes that the writer could wear. These abstract nouns can be stated as verbs. AT: "shamed and dishonored" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

shame and dishonor

These terms mean about the same thing and are used to emphasize how degraded they will be. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 35:27-28

my vindication

Here "vindication" refers to Yahweh proclaiming or judging the psalmist innocent.

may they say continually

"may they always say"

Yahweh be praised

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let us praise Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

who delights in

"who is happy with" or "who is glad for"

welfare

well-being, happiness

tell of your justice

The abstract noun "justice" can be stated as "right." AT: "proclaim that you act in the right way" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 36

Psalms 36:intro-0

Psalm 036 General Notes

Formatting in this chapter

Psalm 36 is a psalm of praise. It speaks of how good God is to those who love him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/good.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/love.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# God and man

Evil people do not think about God; but he is such a pleasure to all who honor him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])

Psalms 36:1-2

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship."

A psalm of David the servant of Yahweh

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

An evil man

This does not refer to a specific man, but to evil people in general. AT: "Evil people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

from deep in his heart

Here "heart" refers to the inner being of a person. AT: "from his inner being" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

in his eyes

Here "eyes" refers to the wicked person. AT: "in him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

he comforts himself, thinking

"he prefers to believe" or "he wants to think"

his sin will not be discovered and be hated

This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will not discover and hate his sin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 36:3-4

His words are

"What he says is"

do good

"do things that are good"

he sets out on an evil way

The sinful actions of the man are spoken of as if he was walking along a path that was evil. AT: "he begins to do evil things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he does not reject evil

Here "evil" can be stated in another form. AT: "he does not reject evil behavior" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 36:5-6

Your covenant faithfulness ... reaches to the heavens

The greatness of God's covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if it were an object that reached as high as the heavens. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "Your covenant faithfulness ... is very great" or "You ... are as faithful to your covenant as the heavens are high above the earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

reaches to the clouds

The greatness of God's loyalty is spoken of as if it was very high. AT: "is as high as the clouds" or "is enormously great" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

like the mountains of God ... like the great deep

These phrases describe the greatness of God's righteousness and judgments as if they were very high and deep. AT: "as high as the highest mountains ... as deep as the deepest sea" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

you preserve

"you help" or "you save"

translationWords

Psalms 36:7-9

How precious is your covenant faithfulness

The word "precious" refers to how greatly the writer values Yahweh's covenant faithfulness. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "I greatly value how you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

with the richness of the food of your house

This does not mean that God has a house with food. This is a metaphor for abundant provision. AT: "as if they were eating the rich food from your house" or "with your rich blessings" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you will let them drink from the river of your precious blessings

There are two metaphors here. God's abundant blessings are spoken of as if they are the water in a flowing river. Also, those who receive those blessings are spoken of as if they are drinking them like water. AT: "your precious blessings are like a river from which you will let them drink" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

fountain of life

"source of life"

in your light we will see light

Here "light" is a metaphor for true knowledge. AT: "when you enlighten us, we will know the truth" or "your light is what enables us to know the truth about you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 36:10-12

Extend your covenant faithfulness fully to those who know you

The writer speaks of Yahweh continuing to act faithfully towards the people as if Yahweh were to extend his covenant faithfulness or make it longer. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adverb. AT: "Continue to act faithfully to those who know you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

your defense to the upright of heart

The abstract noun "defense" can be stated as a verb. "Continue" is implied from the previous phrase. AT: "Continue to protect the upright of heart" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

the upright of heart

Here "heart" refers to the people. AT: "the upright" or "people who act righteously" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

the foot of the arrogant man ... the hand of the wicked

Here "foot" and "hand" refer to the evil people. These are not specific men. This refers to evil people in general. AT: "arrogant people ... wicked people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

drive me away

"send me away" or "make me leave my place"

evildoers have fallen; they are knocked down and are not able to get up

All three phrases describe the evildoers as defeated. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they are knocked down

This can be stated in active form. AT: "you have knocked them down" or "you have destroyed them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

are not able to get up

"cannot get up"

translationWords

Psalms 37

Psalms 37:intro-0

Psalm 037 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 37 is a teaching psalm. It provides guidance about how to live a moral and God-fearing life. It teaches that evil people do not prosper in the future. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Envy

Do not envy evil people. Although it appears as though they prosper, soon they will be destroyed and the good people will continue on living. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/good.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/life.md]])

Psalms 37:1-2

General Information:

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

Do not be irritated because of evildoers

"Do not let wicked people upset you" or "Do not be bothered by what wicked people do"

dry up as the grass ... wither as the green plants

Evildoers are spoken of as if they are grass and plants that dry up and die in the hot weather. These two similes both mean they will die. AT: "die" or "come to an end" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 37:3-4

graze in faithfulness

Faithfulness is spoken of as if it was an animal that would be strengthened by feeding in good pasture. AT: "nourish faithfulness" or "increase your faithfulness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the desires of your heart

Here "heart" represents the person's inner being and thoughts. AT: "your deepest, inner desires" or "the things that you desire the most" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 37:5-6

Give your ways to Yahweh

Here "give your ways" is an idiom that means to ask Yahweh to control your life. AT: "Ask Yahweh to guide your actions in life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

act on your behalf

This is to represent another in legal issues. Here, when one trusts in Yahweh, he will defend that person and grant justice to that person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

like the daylight ... like the day at noon

Both of these phrases mean about the same thing. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

like the daylight

This means "in full view of everyone." AT: "as clear to see as the light of day" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

like the day at noon

This means "as visible as the noon sun." AT: "as visible as the light at the brightest time of day" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 37:7

Be still

"Be quiet"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/patient.md]]

Psalms 37:8-10

will be cut off

The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

but those who wait for Yahweh

"but those who trust in Yahweh"

will inherit the land

The possession of the land is spoken of as if it will be received as an inheritance. AT: "will receive the land as their own possession" or "will live safely in the land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

will disappear

This idiom refers to the death of the evil man. AT: "will die and you will no longer see him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 37:11-13

the meek

This refers to the people who are meek. AT: "the meek people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

To "watch over" means to protect someone. Here "the blameless" refers to the blameless people. AT: "protects the blameless people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

day by day

This is an idiom that means "continually." AT: "every day" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

when times are bad

This phrase refers to disasters, such as famine. AT: "when calamities occur" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 37:20-21

Yahweh's enemies will be like the glory of the pastures

The writer compares Yahweh's enemies to the flowers blooming in the fields. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

be consumed and disappear in the smoke

The writer speaks of the destruction of the wicked as if they were weeds or wilted flowers in the field that are burned off after the harvest. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will destroy them as fire turns the weeds of the field into smoke" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

is generous and gives

These mean the same thing and emphasize the generosity of the righteous. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 37:22-24

Those who are blessed by God will inherit the land; those who are cursed by him will be cut off

This is a contrastive form of Parallelism. Those who are blessed by God in contrast to those who are cursed by God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Those who are blessed by God

This can be stated as active. AT: "Those whom God blesses" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

will inherit the land

The possession of the land is spoken of as if it had been received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in Psalms 37:9. AT: "will receive the land as their own possession" or "will be allowed to live safely in the land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

those who are cursed by him

This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom Yahweh curses" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

will be cut off

The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated this in Psalms 37:9. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

It is by Yahweh that a man's steps are established ... commendable in God's sight

These can be stated to show the logical connection and clarify the passive clause. AT: "If a man lives in a commendable way in Yahweh's sight, Yahweh will establish his steps" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

It is by Yahweh that a man's steps are established

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh is the one who enables a man to be successful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

a man ... the man

This does not refer to a specific man, but to people in general. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

a man's steps

Steps represent the way a person lives. AT: "the way a man lives" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Though he stumbles, he will not fall down

Here "stumble" and "fall" refer to the man's reaction to difficult times. AT: "Though he has difficult times, he will not utterly fail" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

holding him with his hand

Here "his hand" refers to Yahweh's power, and "holding him" refers to protecting him. AT: "protecting him with his power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 37:25-27

the righteous person abandoned

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh forsake the righteous person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the righteous person

This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

begging for bread

Here "bread" represents food in general. AT: begging for food" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

All the day long he is

This idiom means this action is a habit of his life. AT: "He is always (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

his children become a blessing

"his children grow up to bless others"

Turn away from

To stop doing something is spoken of as if the person turned away from it. AT: "Stop doing" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 37:28-30

They are preserved forever

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will protect them forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

will be cut off

the righteous

This refers to the people who are righteous. AT: "the righteous people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

will inherit the land

The mouth of the righteous person

Here "mouth" represents the whole person who speaks. AT: "The righteous person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

speaks wisdom

The abstract noun "wisdom" can be stated as "wise." AT: "gives wise advice to others" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

increases justice

The abstract noun "justice" can be stated as an action. AT: "encourages other people to live rightly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 37:31-33

The law of his God is in his heart

Here "in his heart" refers to his deepest inner being. AT: "He treasures the commands of his God in his inner being" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

his feet will not slip

Here failure to obey Yahweh is spoken of as slipping off a safe path and falling. AT: "he will walk safely in the way God wants him to walk" or "he will safely do the things God wants him to do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

The wicked person ... the righteous person ... the evil person

These are not specific people. They refer to these kinds of people in general. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

watches the righteous person

Here the watching implies observing the righteous in order to do them harm. AT: "waits in ambush for the righteous person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the evil person's hand

Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "the power of the evil person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

when he is judged

This refers to Yahweh judging the righteous man. AT: "When Yahweh judges him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 37:34

he will raise you up to possess the land

Here "raise you up" refers to God giving honor to those who wait for him. AT: "he will honor you by giving you the land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the wicked

This refers to wicked people. AT: "the wicked people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

are cut off

The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 37:9. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 37:35-36

the wicked and terrifying person

This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

spread out like a green tree in its native soil

Here the prosperity of the wicked man is spoken of as if he were a healthy tree growing in good soil. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

he could not be found

This can be stated in active form. AT: "I could not find him" or "Yahweh had taken him away" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/terror.md]]

Psalms 37:37-38

the man of integrity

This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

mark the upright

"note carefully the good people" or "notice the good people"

the future for the wicked man is cut off

This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will end his family line" or "he will not have any descendants" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the future

This refers to his descendants. AT: "his descendants" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the wicked man

This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

is cut off

translationWords

Psalms 37:39-40

Salvation of the righteous comes from Yahweh

The abstract noun "Salvation" can be expressed as an action. AT: "Yahweh rescues the righteous people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the righteous

This refers to the righteous people. AT: "the righteous people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

helps ... rescues ... saves

This same idea is repeated in several different ways to emphasize that Yahweh is dependable and able to give aid. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

they have taken refuge in him

Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "they have gone to him for protection" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 38

Psalms 38:intro-0

Psalm 038 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 38 is a confession of sin and a prayer for deliverance. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/confess.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

The pain of the writer's wounds have caused him to be bent over as if he were an old, feeble man. AT: "I am bent over in pain" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 38:7-8

I am filled with burning

The writer's is so sick with fever that it is as if he is burning inside. AT: "My body is burning with fever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

there is no health in my flesh

Here "my flesh" refers to the writer. AT: "I am completely sick" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

utterly crushed

The writer's illness is so severe that it is as if a huge weight is pressing down on him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

anguish of my heart

Here "my heart" refers to the writer. AT: "my anguish" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 38:9-10

my heart's deepest yearnings

Here "my heart" refers to the writer. It may be helpful to state that the writer desires good health. AT: "My strongest desires" or "that I desire you to heal me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

my groanings are not hidden from you

This can be stated in active form. AT: "you are able to see all my moans of sorrow" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

My heart pounds

This idiom means his heart beats intensely. AT: "My heart beats loudly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

my strength fades

"I become very weak"

my eyesight dims

"I can no longer see well"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/lord.md]]

Psalms 38:11-12

lay snares for me

The plots of the writer's enemies are spoken of as if they were traps that they had set to catch him like an animal. AT: "set traps to catch me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

speak destructive words and say deceitful words

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the hurtful nature of what these people say. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 38:13-14

I am like a deaf man ... hear nothing ... does not hear

The first lines of verse 13 and 14 use a simile to present the same image of the deaf man. The writer is so sick that he cannot hear. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

I am like a mute man ... says nothing ... has no reply

The second lines of verses 13 and 14 use a simile to present the image of the mute man. The writer is so sick that he cannot speak. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

a mute man

a person who cannot speak

Psalms 38:15-16

you will answer

Possible meanings are 1) "you will answer me" or 2) "you will answer my enemies."

will not gloat over me

"will not delight over my trouble"

If my foot slips

Here "my foot" represents the writer. The slipping of his foot is a metaphor that refers to the writer's troubles and misfortunes. AT: "If I make mistakes that cause me trouble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/god.md]]

Psalms 38:17-18

I am about to stumble

Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) "I am so sick that I am about to die" or 2) "I will soon be ruined." It may be best not to interpret the metaphor in the text. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I am in constant pain

"I am always in pain"

translationWords

Psalms 38:19-20

But my enemies are numerous ... are many

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

They repay me evil for good

The actions of the writer's enemies are spoken of as a financial transaction where they gave him evil things in exchange for good things. The abstract nouns "evil" and "good" can be stated as adjectives. AT: "They do evil thing to me after I was good to them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

hurl accusations at me

The way the writer's enemies accuse him is spoken of as if they were throwing accusations at him like rocks. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

pursued what is good

The writers desire for what is good is spoken of as if he were running after good things. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 38:21-22

Do not abandon me ... do not stay far away from me

These two phrases have very similar meanings. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

do not stay far away from me

Because Yahweh has not yet answered the writer's request, he speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were standing far away from the writer. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Come quickly to help me

God is spoken of as if he is running to the writer to help him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my salvation

The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as an action. AT: "you are the one who saves me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/save.md]]

Psalms 39

Psalms 39:intro-0

Psalm 039 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 39 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Life

Life on earth is short. The psalmist wanted God's healing so he can enjoy the rest of his life. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/life.md]])

This psalm shares some characteristics of another wisdom book called Ecclesiastes or Koheleth but is more positive.

Psalms 39:1

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship,"

Jeduthun

One of David's chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

I will watch what I say

Here "watch" is an idiom that mean "pay attention to." AT: "I will pay attention to the things that I say" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

so that I do not sin with my tongue

Here "tongue" refers to the writer's speech. AT: "so that I do not speak an offense against Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

muzzle

To "muzzle" means to keep a mouth shut. Here David means that he will not speak while he is with an evil person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 39:2-3

I kept silent; I kept back my words

These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the writer did not speak at all. AT: "I was completely silent" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

I kept back my words

"I did not speak"

My heart became hot ... it burned like a fire

Here "heart" represents the whole person. The anxious thoughts of the writer are spoken of as if they were a fire burning inside him. AT: "I became very anxious when I thought about these things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 39:4-5

the end of my life ... the extent of my days

These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Show me how transient I am

"Show me how brief my life is" or "Show me how soon I will die"

only the width of my hand

The writer speaks of his lifespan is if it could be measured by the width of his hand. AT: "only a very short time" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my lifetime is like nothing before you

This simile states that the length of the writer's life is so short that it does not exist. This is an exaggeration to stress how short it is. AT: "the length of my life is barely any time at all" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

Surely every man is a single breath

Life is short, and the psalmist speaks of it here as if it were only as long as the time it takes for a person to breathe one breath. AT: "The time that humans live is as short as a single breath of a person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 39:6-7

Surely every man walks about like a shadow

The lives of people are spoken of as if they are as insignificant as shadows. AT: "Everyone disappears like shadows do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Psalms 40:intro-0

Psalm 040 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 40 is a psalm of praise. Many also see it as a messianic psalm, a psalm about Christ. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/christ.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Sacrifices

God is not interested in sacrifices but wants people to obey him and fulfill his plans for them.

Psalms 40:1-2

General Information:

who pursue my life to take it away

Here "pursue my life" means they desire to kill the writer. The writer is represented by his "life." AT: "who are trying to kill me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Let them ... who delight in hurting me

This can be reordered and stated in active form. AT: "Please stop those who delight in hurting me and dishonor them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

turned back

To be stopped or thwarted is spoken of as being turned back from their attack. AT: "stopped" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Let them ... who say to me, "Aha, aha!"

"Let those who say to me, 'Aha, aha!' be shocked because of their shame"

Let them be shocked because of their shame

"I hope that they will be shocked when you shame them"

those who say to me, "Aha, aha!"

"Aha, aha!" is something people say when they are ridiculing someone. If your language has something that people say when ridiculing someone, it can be used here. This can also be translated with a verb like "ridicule."

translationWords

Psalms 40:16-17

rejoice and be glad

These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. AT: "be very joyful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

loves your salvation

The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as an action. AT: "love you because you saved them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

poor and needy

These words mean the same thing and emphasize how helpless the writer is. AT: "very needy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

the Lord thinks about me

"the Lord cares for me"

You are my help ... you come to my rescue

These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

You are my help

"You are the one who helps me"

you come to my rescue

"you come to save me"

do not delay

This can be stated in positive form. AT: "respond quickly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 41

Psalms 41:intro-0

Psalm 041 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 41 is a psalm of deliverance. The author's friends had become his enemies who wanted to see him die but he trusted God to rescue him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/trust.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Enemies

The author's best friend had become an enemy. His enemies were happy because they were sure his sickness would result in death.

Psalms 41:1-3

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship."

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

he ... him ... his

These words refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak.

the weak

"weak people" or "poor people"

Yahweh will support him on the bed of suffering

The phrase "the bed of suffering" refers to when a person lies in bed because he is sick. AT: "When he is sick and in bed, Yahweh will support him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

you will make his bed of sickness into a bed of healing

The phrase "a bed of healing" refers to when a person rests in bed and recovers from his sickness. AT: "you, Yahweh, will heal him of his sickness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 41:4-6

his name perish

If a person's name dies, it means that people forget that he had ever lived. AT: "when will his name perish" or "when will people forget about him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

If my enemy comes to see me

The words "my enemy" refers to any enemy in general, and not to one specific enemy.

he says worthless things

Possible meanings are 1) "he says meaningless things" or 2) his enemies say things to make him think that they are his friends when they are not. AT: "he says deceitful things" or "they pretend to be concerned about me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

his heart gathers up my disaster for itself

His enemies try to learn all of the bad things about him. Here the word "heart" refers the whole person. Bad circumstances are spoken of as if they were objects that can be gathered. AT: "he tries to learn about all of my disasters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 41:7-9

against me they hope for my hurt

Possible meanings are 1) "they hope that very bad things will happen to me" or 2) "they are planning to hurt me."

An evil disease ... to him

His enemies speak of "disease" as if it were a person who has captured him. AT: "He is sick with a fatal disease" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

An evil disease

Possible meanings are 1) "A fatal disease" or 2) "Something evil"

now that he is lying down, he will rise up no more

Here the words "lying down" refer to lying in bed because of illness. That he will not "rise up" means that he will continue to lie down, which is a euphemism for death. AT: "now that he is sick in bed, he will die there" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

has lifted up his heel against me

This is an idiom that means his friend betrayed him. AT: "has betrayed me" or "has turned against me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 41:10-12

But you, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up

This is a request. AT: "Please, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-declarative/01.md]])

raise me up

This means to raise him up from his bed, or to make him recover from his disease. AT: "make me well" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

so that I may pay them back

The writer speaks of revenge on his enemies as if it were paying to them what he owes. AT: "so that I may take revenge on them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

By this I know that you delight in me, for my enemy does not triumph over me

The word "this" refers to what the writer will say next. For clarity, the clauses may be reversed. AT: "Because my enemy does not triumph over me, I know that you delight in me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-events/01.md]])

By this I know that you delight in me, for my enemy does not triumph over me

This can also be translated in future tense, since Yahweh has not yet healed him. AT: "If you enable me to do that, with the result that my enemies do not defeat me, I will know that you are pleased with me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

you support me in my integrity

"you support me because of my integrity"

will keep me before your face

The writer speaks of being in Yahweh's presence as being in a place where Yahweh can see him and he can see Yahweh's face. AT: "will keep me with you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 41:13

General Information:

This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 1 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 1 and ends with Psalm 41.

from everlasting to everlasting

This refers to two extremes and means for all time. AT: "for all eternity" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

Amen and Amen

The word "Amen" is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. AT: "May it certainly be so" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 42

Psalms 42:intro-0

Psalm 042 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 42 is a psalm of praise for all that God has done and a prayer for deliverance from the psalmist's enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's deliverance

The psalmist praises God as he remembers what God has done for him in the past, and he puts his trust in him. He needs rescuing from his enemies. Scholars believe that this psalm is about a man in exile longing for Jerusalem.

# Psalm 42 and Psalm 43

Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm.

# Superscription

This psalm is called "a Maschil of the sons of Korah." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.

Psalms 42:1-2

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship."

A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

As the deer pants after streams of water, so I thirst for you, God

The author compares his desire for God to the desire of a thirsty deer for water.

pants

heavy breathing from an animal or person that is very tired or thirsty

I thirst for you, God ... thirst for God

The author speaks of his strong desire for God as if it were a strong thirst for water. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

when will I come and appear before God?

The author does not ask this question to get an answer but to show his strong desire to be before God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 42:3-4

My tears have been my food

The author refers to his tears as if they are food that he eats. This means that he is so sad that he cannot eat. AT: "My tears are like my food and I eat nothing else" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

day and night

This phrase refers to the entire day by referring to both its beginning and end. AT: "all day long" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

my enemies are always saying to me

This is an exaggeration. His enemies are not saying this constantly; they are saying it often. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

Where is your God?

The author's enemies use this question to mock him and to express that they do not see his God helping him. AT: "Your God is not here to help you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

call to mind

This is an idiom that means to remember or think about something. AT: "remember" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

I pour out my soul

Here the word "soul" refers to the emotions. The author speaks of his soul as if it is a liquid that he pours out. The phrase means that he is expressing his emotional grief. AT: "I express my sorrow" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the throng

"the crowd of people"

joy and praise

This phrase uses two different words to express one idea. AT: "joyful praise" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hendiadys/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 42:5-6

Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me?

The author refers to his inner self as his "soul," which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. AT: "I should not be bowed down. I should not be worried" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

bowed down

The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. AT: "discouraged" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Hope in God

The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-imperative/01.md]])

My God, my soul

The writer begins to speak to God about his soul.

I call you to mind

This phrase means to remember or to think about something. AT: "I think of you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

the land of the Jordan

This is probably a reference to northern Israel, where the Jordan river originates. AT: "the land where the Jordan river begins" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

peaks

mountain tops

hill of Mizar

This is the name of a hill at the base of Mount Hermon. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 42:7-8

Deep calls to deep at the noise of your waterfalls

The word "deep" refers to deep waters, which here are likely the streams rushing down Mount Hermon. The writer speaks of them as if they are people calling out to one another as they hear the sound of their own descent from the mountain. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

all your waves ... have gone over me

The author speaks of his great misfortune and sadness as if they are deep waters that drown him with one wave after another. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

your waves and your billows

The word "billows" is another word for "waves." Together the two words emphasize the greatness of the waves. AT: "all of your great waves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Yahweh will command his covenant faithfulness in the daytime

The writer speaks of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness as if it were a person whom he commands to be with him. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "Yahweh will show me his covenant faithfulness in the daytime" or "Yahweh will show me in the daytime how faithful he is to his covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

his song

Possible meanings are 1) "the song that he gives me" or "the song about him"

the God of my life

"the God who gives me life"

translationWords

Psalms 42:9-10

I will say to God, my rock

The writer speaks of God as if he were a huge rock that would provide protection from enemy attack. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Why do I go mourning

To "go mourning" is to perform customs related to being very sad.

As with a sword in my bones

The writer describes his adversaries' rebukes as his receiving a fatal wound. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

they always say to me

This is an exaggeration; his enemies are not saying this constantly but are saying it often. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

Where is your God?

The writer's enemies use this question to mock him and to express that they do not see God helping him. AT: "Your God is not here to help you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 42:11

Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me?

The author refers to his inner self as his "soul," which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. See how you translated this in Psalms 42:5. AT: "I should not be bowed down, I should not be worried" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

bowed down

The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. See how you translated this in Psalms 42:5. AT: "discouraged" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Hope in God

The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in Psalms 42:5. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-imperative/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 43

Psalms 43:intro-0

Psalm 043 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 43 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a plea for rescue from the psalmist's enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Encouragement

The author should not be discouraged because he trusts in God to deliver him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/trust.md]])

# Psalm 42 and Psalm 43

Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm.

Psalms 43:1-2

General Information:

the God of my strength

Possible meanings are 1) "the God who protects me" or 2) "the God who gives me strength."

Why have you rejected me? Why do I go about in mourning because of the oppression of the enemy?

The writer asks these questions in order to complain to God and express his emotions, not to receive an answer. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Why do I go about in mourning

To "go about in mourning" is to perform customs related to being very sad.

because of the oppression of the enemy

The word "oppression" can be translated as a verb. AT: "because my enemy oppresses me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 43:3-4

send out your light and your truth

The writer speaks of God's deliverance as if it were a light that shows him the way and truth that teaches him how to live. AT: "guide me with your light and truth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

holy hill

This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where the temple is located and thus to the temple itself. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

to your dwelling

"to the place where you live"

God my exceeding joy

"God who is my very great joy" or "God who gives me very great joy"

translationWords

Psalms 43:5

Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me?

The author refers to his inner self as his "soul," which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. See how you translated this in Psalms 42:5. AT: "I should not be bowed down. I should not be worried" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

bowed down

Hope in God

my salvation and my God

The phrase "my salvation" refers to God. If necessary the two phrases can be combined. AT: "my God who saves me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 44

Psalms 44:intro-0

Psalm 044 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 44 is a deliverance psalm. It is a prayer for God's help against enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Enemies

When Israel entered the Promised Land, God fought for them and drove out their enemies. Since their enemies have now defeated them, they are in need of God's help. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/promisedland.md]])

# Superscription

This psalm is called "a Maschil." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.

Psalms 44:1-2

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship."

A psalm of the sons of Korah

"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote."

A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

We have heard with our ears, God

The word "ears" adds emphasis to the statement that they have heard and understood the things that the writer is about to describe. The writer addresses this statement to God. AT: "God, we have heard clearly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

in their days, in the days of old

Both of these phrases use the word "days" to refer to the time period when the ancestors of the people of Israel were alive. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

You drove out the nations

"You forced the people from other nations to leave"

with your hand

Here the word "hand" refers to God's power. AT: "by your power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

you planted our people

The writer speaks of God's causing the Israelites to live in the land as if he were planting them in the soil like he would a tree. AT: "you caused our people to live there" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 44:3-4

by their own sword

The word "sword" refers to military power. AT: "by fighting with their own swords" or "by their own army's strength" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

their own arm

Here the word "arm" refers to power. AT: "their own power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the light of your face

You may supply a verb for this phrase. AT: "the light of your face obtained the land for their possession" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

your right hand, your arm

Here the words "hand" and "arm" both refer to God's power. Combined, they emphasize the greatness of God's power. AT: "your great power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

the light of your face

The writer speaks of Yahweh looking with favor upon them and being kind to them as if Yahweh's face shone a light on them. AT: "your kindness" or "your good favor" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

victory for Jacob

The people of Israel are referred to by the name of their ancestor "Jacob." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 44:5-6

Through you ... through your

"By you ... by your"

push down ... tread them under ... rise up

The writer speaks of his enemies' defeat as if they are "down" and of their preparing to fight as if they are "up." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

through your name

Here the word "name" refers to God's power and authority. AT: "by your power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

tread them under

"tread them under our feet" or "walk on top of them"

translationWords

Psalms 44:7-8

we have made our boast

The word "boast" can be translated with a verb. AT: "we have boasted" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

we will give thanks to your name

Here the word "name" refers to God, himself. AT: "we will give thanks to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 44:9-11

thrown us off

The writer speaks of God's rejection of Israel as if he were discarding an unwanted piece of clothing. AT: "rejected us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

spoil

resources and treasures that an army collects after winning a battle

You have made us like sheep to be slaughtered

The writer compares the Israelites to sheep that people kill and eat. As sheep are helpless before those who kill them, so the Israelites are helpless before their enemies. This can be translated in active form. AT: "You have allowed our enemies to kill us like they would kill a sheep and eat it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

scattered us among the nations

"caused us to live in many different nations"

translationWords

Psalms 44:12-14

sell your people for nothing

The writer speaks of Yahweh allowing Israel's enemies to conquer them as if he were selling the people of Israel to their enemies but does not require any payment from their enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

You make us a rebuke to our neighbors, scoffed and mocked by those around us

These two phrases are parallel emphasizing how the people among whom they live mock them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

You make us a rebuke to our neighbors

The word "rebuke" can be translated as a verb. AT: "You make us something that our neighbors rebuke" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

scoffed and mocked by those around us

This can be stated in active form. AT: "those around us scoff at us and mock us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

an insult among ... a shaking of the head

These phrases are parallel emphasizing how intensely the nations around them mock them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

You make us an insult among the nations

The word "insult" can be translated as a verb. AT: "You make the nations around us insult us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

a shaking of the head among the peoples

The phrase "a shaking of the head" can be translated in verbal form. AT: "something at which the peoples shake their heads" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

a shaking of the head

This was a gesture that people used to show scorn to others.

translationWords

Psalms 44:15-17

my dishonor is before me

The writer speaks of his dishonor as if it were an object that is always in front of him for him to see. The phrase means that he is always thinking about his dishonor. AT: "I think about my dishonor" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the shame of my face has covered me

The writer speaks of his shame as if it is an object that covers him like a blanket would cover him. AT: "the shame of my face has overwhelmed me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the shame of my face

"the shame that shows on my face." This refers to his facial expressions that his shame causes.

because of the voice of him who rebukes and insults

Here the words "the voice" represents the person insulting him. AT: "because of what the person says who rebukes and insults me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

rebukes and insults

These words have similar meanings and emphasize the harsh nature of what this person says. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 44:18-22

Our heart has not turned back ... have not gone from your way

These two phrases are parallel. The writer speaks of loyalty to God as if it were following him, and disloyalty as if it were turning away from him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Our heart has not turned back

Here the word "heart" refers to the emotions, and specifically to loyalty and devotion. AT: "We have not stopped being loyal to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

you have severely broken us

The writer speaks of God's punishment as if it were breaking a fragile object. AT: "you have punished us severely" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in the place of jackals

The writer speaks of Israel after God's punishment as if it were a wild, uninhabitable place. AT: "and made our land like a place where jackals live" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

jackals

a type of wild dog

covered us with the shadow of death

The writer speaks of death as if it is an object that casts a shadow over those who are about to die. AT: "made us so that we are about to die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

If we have forgotten the name of our God

Here the word "name" refers to God, himself. To forget God is to stop worshiping him. This is something that did not happen. AT: "If we had forgotten our God" or "If we had stopped worshiping our God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

spread out our hands to a strange god

Spreading out the hands is a gesture that people used to worship and pray to a god. AT: "worshiped a strange god" or "prayed to a strange god" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

would not God search this out?

The writer uses this question to express that God would know if they worshiped another god. AT: "God would certainly find out" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

he knows the secrets of the heart

Here the word "heart" refers to the mind and thoughts. AT: "he knows what a person secretly thinks" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

we are being killed all day long

The phrase "all day long" is an exaggeration to emphasize that their people are being killed frequently. This can be stated in active form. AT: "we are always in danger of people killing us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

we are considered to be sheep for the slaughter

This can be stated in active form. AT: "people consider us to be sheep for the slaughter" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

sheep for the slaughter

The writer compares the Israelites to sheep that people kill and eat. As sheep are helpless before those who kill them, so the Israelites are helpless before their enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 44:23-24

Awake, why do you sleep, Lord?

This does not mean that God is actually asleep. The writer speaks of God's seeming inactivity as if God is sleeping. He asks the question to rebuke God for appearing not to be concerned about their troubles. AT: "Wake up! I feel like you are sleeping, Lord!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

do not throw us off

The writer speaks of God's rejection of Israel as if he were discarding an unwanted piece of clothing. See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 44:9. AT: "do not reject us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Why do you hide your face ... our oppression?

The writer uses this question to complain that God appears to be ignoring them. AT: "Do not hide your face ... our oppression." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

hide your face

The writer speaks of God ignoring them as if God were hiding his face so that he could not see them. AT: "ignore us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

forget our affliction and our oppression

The words "affliction" and "oppression" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the severity of their affliction. These words may also be translated as verbs. AT: "forget that people afflict us and oppress us" or "forget that people greatly afflict us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 44:25-26

For we have melted away into the dust; our bodies cling to the earth

These parallel phrases share similar meanings. The writer describes his people as lying on the ground in a posture of defeat and humiliation. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

For we have melted away into the dust

The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their bodies were objects, such as ice, that melt and soak into the dirt. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

our bodies cling to the earth

The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their their bodies were stuck to the ground and they could not raise themselves up. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Rise up

This is a command to stand. This phrase refers to beginning to act on something. AT: "Take action" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

for the sake of your covenant faithfulness

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "to show that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 45

Psalms 45:intro-0

Psalm 045 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 45 is a royal psalm written for the king's wedding day.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Beauty

The king has a beautiful palace, and his bride is also beautiful.

# Superscription

Psalms 45:1-2

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

set to Shoshannim

This may refer to a style or the tune of the music. Sometimes it is translated as "set to the tune of 'Lilies.'"

A psalm of the sons of Korah

"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote."

A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

A song of loves

"A love song"

My heart overflows on a good subject

The writer speaks of his heart as if it were a container that overflows with liquid. The word "heart" represents his emotions, which are excited by the song that he sings. AT: "My emotions are excited about a good subject" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

a good subject

"a noble theme" or "a beautiful word." This refers to the song that he has written.

composed

to have written or created a song

my tongue is the pen of a ready writer

The writer speaks of his tongue as if it were a pen. He speaks words as skillfully as an experienced writer writes words. AT: "my tongue is like the pen of person who writes well" or "I speak words as skillfully as an experienced writer can write words" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

You are fairer than the children of mankind

This phrase is an exaggeration that emphasizes that the king is better looking than anyone else. The phrase "children of mankind" is an idiom and refers to all humans. AT: "You are more handsome than any other man" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

grace is poured onto your lips

The writer speaks of grace as if it were oil that someone has used to anoint the king's lips. The word "lips" refers to the king's speech. The phrase means that the king speaks eloquently. AT: "it is as if someone has anointed your lips with oil" or "you speak eloquently" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 45:3-4

Put your sword on your side

Warriors carried their swords in a sheath that hung from a belt around their waist. The sword would rest against their side. This phrase describes an action of someone preparing for battle. AT: "Prepare yourself for battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

ride on triumphantly

The writer tells the king to ride his horse or chariot to victory.

because of trustworthiness, meekness, and righteousness

The abstract nouns "trustworthiness," "meekness," and "righteousness" can be stated as adjectives. Possible meanings are 1) these are qualities of the mighty one. AT: "because you are trustworthy, meek, and righteous" or 2) these are virtues that he fights to uphold for the people whom he rules. AT: "in order to fight for what is trustworthy, meek, and right" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

your right hand will teach you fearful things

Most soldiers held their swords with their right hands when they fought. Here, the phrase "right hand" refers to his ability to fight, which the writer speaks of as if it were a person who can teach the king through the experience he gains in battle. AT: "You will learn to accomplish great military feats by fighting in many battles" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

fearful things

"awesome deeds." This refers to military victories that cause his enemies to fear him and his allies to revere him.

translationWords

Psalms 45:5-7

the peoples fall under you

This phrase refers to the king defeating his enemies. Possible meanings are 1) "the peoples fall at your feet in surrender" or 2) "the peoples fall dead at your feet."

your arrows are in the hearts of the king's enemies

"your arrows have pierced the hearts of your enemies." The writer speaks to the king while referring to the king in the third person.

Your throne ... is forever and ever

The word "throne" represents the kingdom and rule of the king. AT: "Your kingdom ... is forever and ever" or "You will reign ... forever and ever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Your throne, God

Possible meanings are that the word "God" 1) is a title for the king, who is God's representative or 2) modifies the word "throne" and means "Your kingdom that God has given you."

a scepter of justice is the scepter of your kingdom

The word "scepter" represents the king's authority to rule his kingdom. AT: "you rule your kingdom with justice" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of gladness

The writer speaks of gladness as if it were an oil that God used to anoint the king. That God has anointed him is a symbolic action that represents God's choosing him to be king. AT: "when God appointed you as king, he made you very glad" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 45:8-9

General Information:

Here the writer begins to describe what appears to be the wedding ceremony of the king and his bride.

myrrh, aloes, and cassia

These are aromatic plant substances that people used to make perfumes. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]])

ivory palaces

Ivory is a hard white substance that forms animal's tusks. This phrase describes a palace with walls and furniture that people have decorated with ivory.

stringed instruments have made you glad

The words "stringed instruments" refers to the music that people make by playing the stringed instruments. AT: "the music of stringed instruments has made you glad" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

honorable women

These women are wives of the king who receive his approval.

the queen

This is a reference to the woman who will become queen. AT: "your bride, the queen" or "your bride, who will be the queen" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ophir

This is the name of a place that had a reputation for its fine gold. The location is unknown. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 45:10-11

Listen, daughter

The writer begins to speak to the queen and refers to her as "daughter" because she is a young woman.

incline your ear

The writer speaks of listening carefully to something as if it were bending one's ear towards the person who is speaking. AT: "listen carefully" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

forget your own people

The writer speaks of the queen no longer following the beliefs and customs of her native people as if it were forgetting them. AT: "no longer follow the customs of your people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

your father's house

Here the word "house" refers to family. AT: "your relatives" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

In this way

"and" or "so"

the king will desire your beauty

This is a polite way to say that the king will want to sleep with the queen as his wife. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 45:12-13

General Information:

The writer continues to speak to the queen.

The daughter of Tyre

The writer speaks of the people who live in Tyre as if they are Tyre's children. AT: "The people of Tyre" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

The royal daughter

This is a reference to the woman whom the king will marry. AT: "The king's bride" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

all glorious

"very beautiful." This refers to the woman's appearance.

her clothing is worked with gold

Her clothing is decorated or embroidered with gold. This can be stated in active form. AT: "she wears clothing that someone has embroidered with golden thread" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 45:14-15

General Information:

The author continues to speak about the queen but begins to address the king again.

She will be led to the king in embroidered dress

This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will lead her to the king as she wears an embroidered dress" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

embroidered

a design made by sewing colored threads into cloth

the virgins, her companions who follow her, will be brought to you

Here the word "you" refers to the king. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people will bring to you the virgins, her companions who follow her" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

They will be led by gladness and rejoicing

This phrase describes "gladness and rejoicing" as a person who leads others to celebrate. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Gladness and rejoicing will lead them" or "They will proceed with gladness and rejoicing" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

gladness and rejoicing

These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of gladness. AT: "great gladness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 45:16-17

Connecting Statement:

The writer continues to address the king.

In the place of your fathers will be your children

This means that the king's sons will replace him as king, just as he replaced his ancestors as king.

you will make princes in all the earth

The phrase "in all the earth" is an exaggeration to emphasize that they will rule over many nations. AT: "you will make rulers over many nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

I will make your name to be remembered in all generations

Here the word "I" refers to the writer. The word "name" refers to the king's character and reputation. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will cause people in every generation to know about your greatness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 46

Psalms 46:intro-0

Psalm 046 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 46 is a psalm of praise to God.

Special concepts in this chapter

God is all-powerful, controls nature, and protects his people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/peopleofgod.md]])

Psalms 46:1-3

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship."

A psalm of the sons of Korah

"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote"

set to Alamoth

This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]])

God is our refuge and strength

The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. AT: "God gives us safety and strength" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the mountains should be shaken into the heart of the seas

The writer speaks of the deepest part of the sea as if it were the sea's heart. Here he describes an earthquake that causes the mountains to crumble and fall into the sea. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the mountains should shake so violently that they fall into the depths of the sea" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

though its waters roar and rage

"though the waters of the sea roar and rage." The words "roar" and "rage" describe the violent movements of the sea during a strong storm.

mountains tremble with their swelling

The phrase "their swelling" refers to the waters of the sea as they rise and crash against the mountains. AT: "the swelling waters cause the mountains to tremble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 46:4-5

There is a river whose streams make the city of God happy

The imagery of a running river symbolizes peace and prosperity for the city of God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-symlanguage/01.md]])

make the city of God happy

The phrase "the city of God" refers to Jerusalem, and represents the people who live in that city. AT: "make the people who live in Jerusalem happy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the holy place where the Most High dwells

This phrase describes "the city of God." AT: "the holy place where the Most High lives" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

in the middle of her; she will not be moved ... help her

The words "her" and "she" refer to "the city of God."

she will not be moved

Here, the word "moved" is the same word translated as "shaken" in Psalms v. 2. The writer speaks of the destruction of Jerusalem by armies as if an earthquake were to destroy it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "nothing will be able destroy her" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 46:6-7

The nations raged

Here, the word "raged" is the same word that the writer used in Psalms v. 3 to describe the waters of the sea. The writer speaks of the fear of the nations as if it was the violent movements of the sea during a strong storm. AT: "The nations are terrified" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the kingdoms were shaken

Here, the word "shaken" is the same word that the writer used in Psalms v. 2 to describe the effect of an earthquake on the mountains. The writer speaks of the overthrow of kingdoms by armies as if an earthquake were to destroy them. This can be stated in active form. AT: "armies overthrew the kingdoms" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

he lifted up his voice

"God lifted up his voice." The writer speaks of the "voice" as an object that a person can pick up and raise into the air. This means that the voice becomes louder. AT: "God shouted" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the earth melted

The writer speaks of the earth as an object, such as ice, that can melt. Here "the earth" represents mankind, and to melt represents fear. AT: "the people of the earth tremble with fear" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the God of Jacob is our refuge

The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. AT: "the God of Jacob gives us safety" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the God of Jacob

Possible meanings are 1) "the God whom Jacob worshiped" or 2) "Jacob" is a metonym for the nation of Israel and means "the God of Israel." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 46:8-9

He makes wars cease

"He makes nations stop fighting wars"

to the ends of the earth

This is an idiom that refers to everywhere in the word. AT: "everywhere in the world" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

he breaks the bow ... burns up the shields

One way in which Yahweh will make all wars to cease is by destroying the weapons that the armies use to fight one another.

translationWords

Psalms 46:10-11

Be quiet and know that I am God

Here, God begins to speak.

Be quiet

In this context, these words are likely a command to the nations to stop their wars. AT: "Stop fighting" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

know that I am God

Here the word "know" means to understand and to confess that Yahweh is the true God.

I will be exalted among the nations; I will be exalted on the earth

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people of every nation in the world will exalt God. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People from every nation will exalt me; people all over the earth will exalt me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Yahweh of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge

The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. See how you translated these lines in Psalms 46:7. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 47

Psalms 47:intro-0

Psalm 047 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 47 is a psalm of praise to God.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's power

God is powerful over all the nations in the world.

Psalms 47:1-2

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

A psalm of the sons of Korah

"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote"

Clap your hands

Clapping your hands is associated with celebration. AT: "Clap your hands in celebration" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

shout to God with the sound of triumph

"shout to God with joyful voices." Here the word "triumph" refers to the joy associated with victory.

translationWords

Psalms 47:3-5

He subdues peoples under us and nations under our feet

These two phrases are parallel and mean that God enabled Israel to conquer their enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

subdues

to conquer and place under the authority of another

under us ... under our feet

The writer speaks of conquering other nations as if it were putting those nations underneath their feet. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

He chooses our inheritance for us

The writer speaks of the land of Israel as if it were an inheritance that God has given the people as a permanent possession. AT: "He chooses this land as an inheritance for us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the glory of Jacob

Here the word "glory" refers to a source of pride and represents the land that God has given to his people as an inheritance. AT: "the land in which Jacob takes pride" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Jacob whom he loved

The word "Jacob" refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

God has gone up with a shout

The writer speaks of God's conquering the nations as if God were a king ascending his throne, which was located in the temple. AT: "God has gone up into the temple as people shouted" or "God has ascended to his throne as people shouted" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Yahweh with the sound of a trumpet

This phrase parallels the previous phrase. The verb may be supplied for clarity. AT: "Yahweh has gone up as people blew trumpets" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 47:6-7

Sing praises to God, sing praises; sing praises to our King, sing praises

The phrase "sing praises" is repeated for emphasis. You may omit the repetition if it is awkward in your language. AT: "Sing, sing praises to God; sing, sing praises to our King" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 47:8-9

The princes of the peoples

"The rulers of all the nations"

gathered together to the people

Possible meanings are that the rulers of the nations 1) "gather in front of the people" or 2) "gathered together with the people" so that all may worship God as king.

the shields of the earth belong to God

Possible meanings are that "shields" 1) refers to instruments of war. AT: "God has more power than the weapons of all the kings on the earth" or 2) refers to the rulers of the nations who are spoken of as shields who protect their nations. AT: "the kings of the earth are subject to God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 48

Psalms 48:intro-0

Psalm 048 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 48 is a psalm of praise for Jerusalem.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Jerusalem

Jerusalem has mighty defenses. Foreign nations will be amazed. It is something to remember and testify about. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/testimony.md]])

It is helpful to know that "Mount Zion" is often used to refer to the city of Jerusalem.

Psalms 48:1-3

General Information:

This psalm is a song about Jerusalem being God's dwelling place.

General Information:

a psalm of the sons of Korah

"this is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote"

greatly to be praised

This can be stated in active from. AT: "people are to praise him greatly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the city of our God on his holy mountain

This is a reference to Jerusalem, which was built on Mount Zion.

the city of our God

Possible meanings are 1) "the city where our God lives" or 2) "the city that belongs to our God"

Beautiful in elevation

"Beautiful and high." The word "elevation" refers to how high mount Zion is.

the joy of the whole earth, is Mount Zion

Here the word "earth" refers to everyone living on the earth. The word "joy" may be translated as a verb. AT: "Mount Zion gives joy to everyone on earth" or "everyone on earth rejoices because of Mount Zion" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

on the sides of the north

Possible meanings are that this phrase 1) refers to the direction of the north or 2) is another name for Mount Zion meaning "the mountain of God."

God has made himself known in her palaces as a refuge

The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. AT: "God has made himself known as one who gives safety to the people in Mount Zion's palaces" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 48:4-6

see

The word "see" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.

assembled themselves

Here the kings represent their armies. AT: "assembled their armies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

they passed by together

"together they passed by Jerusalem"

They saw it

"They saw Jerusalem"

dismayed

greatly troubled

Trembling took hold of them there

The writer speaks of the kings' fear as if it were a person who caused the kings and their armies to tremble. AT: "There they trembled with fear" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

pain as when a woman is in labor

The writer speaks of the kings' fear as if it were the pain that a woman experiences in childbirth and speaks of that pain as if it were a person. The verb may be supplied from the previous clause. AT: "pain took hold of them, as when a woman is in labor" or "they became afraid, like a woman is afraid of experiencing labor pains" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 48:7-8

With the east wind you break the ships of Tarshish

Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the author describes the kings being afraid as if they were ships that shake because God destroys them with a strong wind. AT: "They shook with fear, as the ships of Tarshish shake when you break them with the east wind" or 2) this is an apostrophe in which the author describes God's great power. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]])

the east wind

Possible meanings are 1) "a wind blowing from the east" or 2) "a strong wind."

the ships of Tarshish

Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) ships that sail to or are built in the city of Tarshish or 2) any large ocean-going ship.

As we have heard

It is implied that what they have heard is the great things that God has done in the past. AT: "As we have heard about the great things that God has done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

so have we seen

This means that they have seen the proof that the things that they have heard are true. AT: "so we have seen God do great things now" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

in the city of Yahweh of hosts, in the city of our God

Both of these phrases refer to Jerusalem. AT: "in the city of our God, Yahweh of hosts" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

establish it

"make it secure." Here the word "establish means to preserve and make something secure.

translationWords

Psalms 48:9-10

your covenant faithfulness

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "how faithful you are to your covenant" or "how faithful you are to us because of your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

in the middle of your temple

"as we are in your temple"

As your name is ... so is your praise to the ends of the earth

Here the word "name" represents God's character and reputation. The two phrases compare the greatness of God's reputation with how greatly people praise him. AT: "Your name is very great ... and so people throughout the world praise you greatly" or "People all throughout the world have heard of you ... so people throughout the world praise you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

to the ends of the earth

This is an idiomatic expression that means everywhere in the word. See how you translated this in Psalms 46:9. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

your right hand is full of righteousness

The writer speaks of righteousness as if it were an object that God could hold in his hand. Here the word "hand" refers to God's power and authority to rule. AT: "you rule with righteousness" or "you are righteous as you rule" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 48:11

Let Mount Zion be glad

The writer speaks of Mount Zion as if it were a person who could be glad. The phrase refers to the people who live in Jerusalem. AT: "Let those who live on Mount Zion be glad" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

let the daughters of Judah rejoice

The writer speaks of the towns in Judah as if they were Judah's children. The phrase refers to the people who live in those towns. AT: "let the people who live in the cities of Judah rejoice" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 48:12-13

Walk around Mount Zion, go round about her

These two phrases are parallel. AT: "Walk all the way around Mount Zion" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

notice well

"notice in detail"

translationWords

Psalms 48:14

he will be our guide

The word "guide" can be translated as a verb. AT: "he will guide us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

to death

Possible meanings are 1) "until we die" or 2) "forever."

translationWords

Psalms 49

Psalms 49:intro-0

Psalm 049 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 49 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Riches

Riches do not last forever. They cannot save a person from death, and they cannot be taken from a person at death. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/forever.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/save.md]])

Psalms 49:1-2

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

A psalm of the sons of Korah

"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote"

Hear this, all you peoples; give ear, all you inhabitants

These two phrases are parallel. Together they strengthen the command for all people to listen. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

give ear

This idiomatic expression means to use one's ears to listen. AT: "listen" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

both low and high

The writer speaks of people who are weak or insignificant in society as being low and of people who are important and powerful as being high. Together, the words "low" and "high" represent all people. AT: "both important people and unimportant people" or "people of every social class" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

rich and poor together

Together the words "rich" and "poor" refer to all people, regardless of wealth. AT: "all people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 49:3-5

My mouth will speak wisdom

Here the word "mouth" refers to the whole person who speaks. AT: "I will speak wise words" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

the meditation of my heart will be of understanding

Here the word "heart" represents the mind and thoughts. The abstract nouns "meditation" and "understanding" can be translated as verbs. AT: "the thoughts upon which I meditate will help you to understand" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

incline my ear

with the harp

"as I play the harp"

Why should I fear ... heels?

The writer asks this question to emphasize that he has no reason to fear when bad things happen. AT: "I have no reason to fear ... heels." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

the days of evil

"when evil things happen." Here the word "days" refers to general periods of time.

when iniquity surrounds me at my heels

Possible meanings are 1) the writer speaks of the evil desires of his enemies as if it were a predator ready to overtake him. AT: "when the iniquity of sinful men is ready to overcome me" or 2) the writer's enemies surround him as they commit their iniquity. AT: "when my enemies surround me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 49:6-8

those who trust in their wealth

These people trust their wealth will keep them from having to suffer. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

about the amount of their riches

a large amount of something

It is certain that no one

"There is no way that any of them can" or AT: "No one can"

no one can redeem his brother or give God a ransom for him

Both of these phrases express that a person cannot give God enough money to be able to avoid death. AT: "no one can pay money to God so that their brother will not die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

the redemption of one's life is costly

The word "redemption" can be translated with a verb. AT: "it costs too much to redeem a person's life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 49:9-10

so that his body should not decay

This refers to the body decomposing in the grave.

he will see decay

The writer speaks of experiencing something as if it were seeing that thing. AT: "he will die and his body will decay" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Wise men die; the fool and the brute alike perish

The author refers to all people by referring to those who have the most and least wisdom. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

brute

This means a person who is stupid or unintelligent.

translationWords

Psalms 49:11

Their inner thought

"Their belief"

the places where they live, to all generations

The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "the places where they live will continue to all generations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

they call their lands after their own names

"they name their lands after themselves." This phrase expresses ownership. AT: "they own their own lands" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 49:12-13

But man, having wealth

"But man, even if he has wealth"

This, their way, is their folly

The writer speaks of the fate of fools as if it is the destination at the end of the path on which they walk. AT: "This is the fate of those who practice folly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

yet after them

"yet after they die"

translationWords

Psalms 49:14-15

General Information:

The author continues to describe people who believe their wealth will save them.

Like sheep

The writer compares people who will all die to a flock of sheep. Just as sheep cannot escape when the butcher decides to slaughter them, so men will not escape when it is their time to die. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

they are appointed

This can be stated in active form. AT: "God has appointed them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

death will be their shepherd

The writer speaks of men dying by personifying death as a shepherd who leads them into the grave. AT: "death will take them away as a shepherd leads away sheep to be slaughtered" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in the morning

Here the word "morning" is a metaphor that refers to a time when God will vindicate righteous people and save them from evil people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

their bodies will be consumed in Sheol

The writer speaks of Sheol, the place of the dead, as if it were a person or animal. He speaks of the decay of dead bodies as if Sheol were eating them. AT: "their bodies will decompose in the grave" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

God will redeem my life from the power of Sheol

The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. From the context, it is implied that this power refers to consuming the bodies of the dead. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

God will redeem my life

Here the word "life" refers to the whole person. AT: "God will redeem me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 49:16-17

the glory of his house increases

The word "glory" here refers to wealth or riches. Possible meanings are 1) "when he gains more wealth in his house" or 2) "when his family becomes richer."

he will take nothing away

"he will take nothing with him to the grave"

his glory will not go down after him

The phrase "go down" refers to when the man dies. AT: "his glory will not go along with him when he dies" or "he will not keep his reputation when he dies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/house.md]]

Psalms 49:18-20

He blessed his soul

Here the word "soul" refers to the whole person. This phrase means that he considered himself to be happy and successful because of his riches. AT: "He congratulated himself" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

men praise you when you live for yourself

Here the writer offers a general statement about how people speak of other people who are successful according to worldly standards.

live for yourself

This phrase refers to living successfully according to worldly standards. AT: "do well for yourself" or "live successfully" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

he will go to the generation of his fathers

"he will go to where his fathers' generation is." This is a euphemism that means that the rich man will die and join his ancestors in the grave. AT: "he will join his ancestors in the grave" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

they will never see the light again

The word "they" refers to the rich man and his ancestors. The word "light" may refer to the sun or be a metaphor for life. AT: "they will never see the sun again" or "they will never live again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 50

Psalms 50:intro-0

Psalm 050 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 50 is a wisdom psalm. It tells what pleases God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Sacrifices

God does not need animal sacrifices; he does not eat meat or drink blood. The world and everything in it belong to God. He wants people to be thankful and to depend on him. God rejects evil people who reject his covenant. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/blood.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])

Psalms 50:1-2

General Information:

This psalm is a song that teaches people.

A psalm of Asaph

"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote."

The Mighty One, God, Yahweh

The author uses three different names to speak of God.

called the earth

Here the word "earth" refers to the people who live on the earth. AT: "called all people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

from the rising of the sun to its setting

This phrase refers to the directions east, where the sun rises, and west, where the sun sets. The writer uses these two extremes to represent everywhere on earth. AT: "everywhere on earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

Zion, the perfection of beauty

Possible meanings are 1) "Zion, whose beauty is perfect" or 2) "Zion, the most beautiful city."

God has shone

The writer speaks of God as if he were a light that shines. This refers to God causing people to know about his glory. AT: "God's glory shines like a light" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 50:3-5

does not stay silent

The writer uses this negative statement to emphasize the positive. AT: "speaks so that everyone can hear him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

a fire devours before him

The writer speaks of a fire burning things as if it were eating them. AT: "a fire burns in front of him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

it is very stormy around him

"there is a great storm around him"

He calls to the heavens above and to the earth

Possible meanings are 1) God is calling on all who live in heaven and on earth to be witnesses as he judges his people or 2) God is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses as he judges his people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 50:6

The heavens will declare

Possible meanings are 1) the writer uses the word "heavens" to refer to the angels who live there or 2) the writer speaks of "the heavens" as if they are a person who testifies about God's righteousness. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 50:7-8

I will not reprove you for your sacrifices

"I will reprove you, but not for your sacrifices." God explains that their sacrifices are not the reason that he is reproving them.

reprove

tell someone he is guilty of doing wrong

your burnt offerings are always before me

This explains why God is not rebuking them for their sacrifices. The phrase "are always before me" refers to being in God's presence and means that his people are always sacrificing their burnt offerings to him. AT: "you are always sacrificing burnt offerings to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 50:9-11

folds

"pens" or "fences"

the cattle on a thousand hills

The phrase "on a thousand hills" does not represent the total number of cattle that God owns. The number is an exaggeration that emphasizes that God owns all of the cattle in the world. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "all the cattle in the world are mine" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

thousand hills

"1,000 hills" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

I know all the birds

Here the word "know" implies ownership. AT: "I own all the birds" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 50:12-13

If I were hungry

This describes something that could not happen, since God does not get hungry. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

you thought that I was someone just like yourself

Since God had kept silent and not yet rebuked the wicked people for their actions, they thought that God approved of what they did. AT: "you thought that I was someone who acts just like you do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

reprove

tell someone he is guilty of doing wrong

bring up ... all the things you have done

God speaks of listing all of the evil things that they have done. AT: "list ... all the things you have done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

right before your eyes

Here, to be "before your eyes" means that it is in a place where they can see. This means that they will not be able to deny the charges that God brings against them. AT: "right in front of you" or "so that you can not deny them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

you who forget God

God speaks of the wicked rejecting him as if they have forgotten him. He speaks of himself in the third person. AT: "you who reject me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

I will tear you to pieces

God speaks of destroying the wicked as if he were a lion eating its prey. AT: "I will destroy you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Psalms 50:23

plans his path in the right way

God speaks of a the way a person lives as if it were a path that the person travels. AT: "lives his life the right way" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will show God's salvation

The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as "save." God refers to himself in the third person. AT: "I will save him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 51

Psalms 51:intro-0

Psalm 051 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 51 is a psalm of repentance from sin. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/repent.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Repentance

The psalmist is truly sorry for having sinned. He repented and God forgave his sins. God wants true sorrow for having sinned, not sacrifices. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/true.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/forgive.md]])

# Author of Psalm

Scholars are divided over whether this psalm was authored by King David as is mentioned by the superscription. If nothing else, we can assume the last two verses were added later since Jerusalem is intact with well-built walls during King David's reign.

Psalms 51:1-2

General Information:

In this psalm David asks God for forgiveness.

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship."

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

when Nathan the prophet came to him

It can be stated clearly what Nathan did when he came to David, because this psalm is in response to that. AT: "when Nathan the prophet came to David and rebuked him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

after he had slept with Bathsheba

"after David had slept with Bathsheba"

because of your covenant faithfulness

for the sake of the multitude of your merciful actions

"because you do so many merciful things"

blot out my transgressions

Forgiving sins is spoken of as either 1) blotting them out or 2) erasing a written record of the sins. AT: "forgive my sins like someone wiping something away" or "forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity ... cleanse me from my sin

These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity

Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. AT: "Wash away all my sin" or "Forgive all my sins so that I will be acceptable to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

thoroughly

"completely"

cleanse me from my sin

Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. AT: "Make me clean from my sin" or "forgive me for my sin so that I will be clean" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 51:3-4

my sin is always before me

Not being able to forget his sins is spoken of as if they were always in front of him where he can see them. AT: "I am always aware of my sins" or "I cannot forget my sins" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

what is evil in your sight

The word "sight" here represents judgment. Yahweh saw and did not approve of David's actions. AT: "what you judge to be evil" or "what you consider to be evil" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 51:5-6

See, I was born in iniquity ... See, you desire trustworthiness

The two uses of "See" here draw our attention to the contrast between these two situations. AT: "Truly I was born in iniquity ... But you desire trustworthiness"

See, I was born in iniquity ... as soon as my mother conceived me, I was in sin

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

I was born in iniquity

Being a sinner is spoken of as being in iniquity. AT: "I was already a sinner when I was born" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

as soon as my mother conceived me, I was in sin

Being a sinner is spoken of as being in sin. AT: "even when my mother conceived me, I was a sinner" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you desire trustworthiness in my inner self

The "inner self" represents either 1) the person's desires or 2) the whole person. AT: "You want me to desire trustworthiness" or "you want me to be trustworthy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 51:7-9

Purify me ... I will be clean ... wash me ... I will be whiter than snow

Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean or white. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Purify me with hyssop

The writer speaks of God as if God were a priest who would sprinkle water on him to make him acceptable to God. AT: "Make me acceptable by sprinkling water on me with hyssop" or "Forgive me for my sins so that I will be acceptable to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

hyssop

This is a plant that the priests used to sprinkle water or blood on people or things to make them ceremonially clean, that is, acceptable to God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]])

whiter than snow

Not having sin is spoken of as being white. AT: "very, very white" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

joy and gladness

These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize his desire to hear joyful things. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

so that the bones that you have broken may rejoice

Feeling terrible sadness is spoken of as if his bones were broken. AT: "for you have caused me terrible sadness in my inner being. Let me rejoice again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Hide your face from my sins

Thinking about someone's sins is spoken of as seeing them. Forgiving or refusing to think about the sins is spoken of as choosing not to see them. AT: "Do not look at my sins" or "Do not remember my sins" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

blot out all my iniquities

Forgiving or refusing to think about someone's sins is spoken of as either 1) blotting them out or 2) erasing a written record of the sins. AT: 1) "forgive my sins like someone wiping something away" or "forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 51:10-11

Create in me a clean heart

Here the "heart" represents the feelings and desires. Being completely devoted and obedient to God is spoken of as having a clean heart. AT: "Make me completely devoted to you" or "Make me want to obey you always" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

renew a right spirit within me

Here "spirit" represents the attitude and desires of a David. AT: "make my attitude right" or "make me always want to do what is right" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Do not drive me away from your presence

"Do not force me to go away from you." Being rejected by God is spoken of as being forced to go away from him. AT: "Do not reject me as one of your people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 51:12-13

sustain me

"hold me up" or "assist me"

your ways

"the way you want people to live" or "what you want people to do"

transgressors ... sinners

These two words refer to the same people here.

translationWords

Psalms 51:14-16

shedding blood

This phrase refers to killing another person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will express your praise

Here the person is represented by his "mouth." Being able to talk is spoken of as the lips being open. Here not being able to speak is a symbol of being guilty of sin and not being able to make a defense. AT: "Lord, make me able to speak, and I will praise you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

you do not delight in sacrifice ... you have no pleasure in burnt offerings

This means that God wants something more important than these things. AT: "A sacrifice is not enough to please you ... you want something more than burn offerings" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 51:17-19

The sacrifices of God

"The sacrifices that please God"

a broken spirit

A broken spirit represents a humble attitude. AT: "humility" or "a person who becomes humble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

a broken and a contrite heart

Being humble and sorry for one's sin is spoken of as having a broken and contrite heart. The heart represents the emotions and will. AT: "sorrow and humility" or "a person who is sorry for his sin and humble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

rebuild the walls of Jerusalem

The walls of a city protect the city and the people in it. Possible meanings are 1) "enable us to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem" or 2) "protect Jerusalem and make it strong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

our people will offer bulls on your altar

A bull is an adult male cow. Bulls were often used as sacrificial animals, according to God's instruction.

translationWords

Psalms 52

Psalms 52:intro-0

Psalm 052 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 52 is a wisdom psalm. It teaches that God will destroy evil people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Evil people

Although the evil people feel secure with their wealth and evil deeds, God will destroy them. But people who do good are secure because God protects them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/works.md]])

# Superscription

This psalm is called "a Maschil of David." The word "Maschil" in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.

Psalms 52:1-2

General Information:

In this psalm the word "you" refers to Doeg. When Saul wanted to kill David, Doeg told Saul where David was so that Saul could find him.

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship."

A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

Doeg ... Ahimelech

These are the names of men. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Why are you proud of making trouble, you mighty man?

This question shows how angry David was at the one who made trouble. AT: "You should not be so proud of making trouble, you mighty man." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

you mighty man

David may have been using irony when he called Doeg this. AT: "you, who think you are so mighty" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

The covenant faithfulness of God comes every day

David speaks of God's covenant faithfulness as if it were something that could come. David was probably referring to God's promises to protect his people from wicked people. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective or an adverb. AT: "Every day, God is faithful to keep the promises of his covenant" or "Every day, God faithfully protects his people from wicked people like you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

a sharp razor

a sharp blade

Your tongue plans destruction like a sharp razor, working deceitfully

Here the tongue is compared to a sharp razor which is capable of causing great harm. AT: "Your tongue harms people like a sharp razor does, when you plan destruction and deceive others" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Your tongue

Here "your tongue" refers to the person David is speaking to. AT: "You" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 52:3

Connecting Statement:

David continues speaking to the "mighty man" of Psalms 5:1

lying rather than speaking righteousness

"you love lying more than speaking what is right"

translationWords

Psalms 52:4-5

words that devour others

Here words that harm others are spoken of as if they were animals that devour people. AT: "words that harm others" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you deceitful tongue

This refers to the person the author is speaking to. AT: "you speaker of deceit" or "you liar" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

take you up ... pluck you ... root you

All three of these phrases are different ways of saying "remove you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

root you out of the land of the living

Being alive on earth is spoken of as if people are plants with roots in the ground. God killing someone is spoken of as digging up the plant's roots and taking it out of the ground. AT: "he will take you out the land of the living" or "He will kill you so that you will no longer be on earth with living people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Selah

translationWords

Psalms 52:6-7

The righteous will also see it and fear

"The righteous will also see God remove him and they will fear"

See

"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

did not make God his refuge

Here "refuge" represents a protector. AT: "did not make God his protector" or "did not ask God to protect him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 52:8-9

a green olive tree

Green olive trees are strong and secure. They do not fall over.

I am like a green olive tree in God's house

Being safe and secure is spoken of as being like a strong tree. AT: "I am strong in God's house, like a green olive tree" or "Because I worship in God's house, I am secure like a green olive tree" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

in God's house

This refers to God's temple.

I will trust in the covenant faithfulness of God forever and ever

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "I will trust in God forever and ever because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

I will wait for your name, because it is good

God's name represents God himself. Waiting for God represents waiting for God to help him. AT: "I will wait for you, because you are good" or "I will wait for you to help me, because you are good" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 53

Psalms 53:intro-0

Psalm 053 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 53 is a wisdom psalm. It warns people who do evil that God will judge them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/judge.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# God's watching mankind

God looks down from heaven and sees that all humans are evil and corrupt. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/heaven.md]])

# Superscription

Psalms 53:1-3

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

set to Mahalath

This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

the children of mankind

This refers to all people.

who seek after him

Seeking God as a person would look for someone is spoken of as "seeking" God. Possible meanings are 1) wanting to know God. AT: "who want to know him" or 2) worshiping God. AT: "who worship him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

They have all turned away

Rejecting God and what is right is spoken of as turning away. AT: "They have all turned away from doing what is right" or "They have all rejected God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 53:4-5

Do those who commit iniquity have no understanding—those ... God?

This question is used to show the shock that the writer feels because the people are so sinful. It can be written as two statements. "Those who commit iniquity act as though they do not know anything. They devour my people as if they were eating bread, and they do not call on God!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

those who devour my people as if they were eating bread

Destroying people is spoken of as devouring them. Doing it as if they were eating bread implies that they did it very easily or without feeling guilty about it. AT: "those who destroy my people as freely as if they were eating bread" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

God will scatter the bones of whoever will camp against you

Scattering people's bones represents killing them and allowing their bones to remain wherever they have died and not be buried properly. "God will completely destroy whoever will camp against you, and their bones will lie scattered on the ground" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

whoever will camp against you

Camping against people represents attacking them. Enemy armies would travel and set up camps to live in temporarily near the people they wanted to attack. AT: "whoever will attack you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 53:6

Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come

The word "Oh" here introduces an exclamation that expresses a hope or prayer. AT: "I hope that the salvation of Israel will come" or "I pray that the salvation of will come" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclamations/01.md]])

the salvation of Israel would come from Zion

The salvation represents God, the savior, whose temple is in Zion. AT: "the savior of Israel would come from Zion" or "God would come from Zion and save Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

When God brings back his people from the captivity

"When God saves his captive people"

Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad!

These two phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Jacob

Here "Jacob" refers to the descendants of Jacob, the Israelites. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 54

Psalms 54:intro-0

Psalm 054 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 54 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Rescue

Evil people want to kill David; but God has rescued him in the past and he trusts God to rescue him again. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/trust.md]])

# Superscription

Psalms 54:1-3

General Information:

This psalm is a prayer for help.

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

on stringed instruments

"people should play stringed instruments with this song"

A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1

Ziphites

people from the city of Ziph in the Judean mountains, southeast of Hebron. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Does David not hide himself with us?

This question is used to show that this is something important that Saul should know. AT: "David is hiding himself with us." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Save me, God, by your name

Here God's name represents his character. It may represent specifically his power or his justice. AT: "Save me, God, by your power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

judge me in your might

Judging David here represents showing people that David is not guilty. When God uses his might to save David, people will know that God has judged him as not guilty. AT: "In your might, show people that I am not guilty" or "Show people that I am not guilty by using your power to rescue me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

give ear to the words

Giving one's ear represents listening. AT: "listen to the words" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the words of my mouth

Here the speaker is represented by his mouth. AT: "my words" or "what I am saying to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

have risen up against me

Rising up against someone represents preparing to attack him or actually attacking him. AT: "have prepared to attack me" or "are attacking me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

pitiless men

"men who have no mercy"

have sought after my life

Seeking after someone's life represents trying to kill him. AT: "have tried to kill me" or "want to kill me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

they have not set God before them

Setting God before them represents paying attention to God. AT: "they do not pay attention to God" or "they ignore God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 54:4-5

who upholds me

Defending David and keeping him safe is spoken of as upholding or supporting him. AT: "who defends me" or "who keeps me safe" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

He will repay my enemies with evil

Punishment is spoken as if it were payment. AT: "He will do the evil to my enemies that they have done to me" or "He will cause the evil that my enemies have done to me to be done to them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in your faithfulness, destroy them

Here David changes from talking about God to talking to God. AT: "God, destroy them because you are faithful to me"

translationWords

Psalms 54:6-7

I will give thanks to your name, Yahweh, for it is good

Yahweh's name represents him. AT: "I will give thanks to you, Yahweh, for you are good" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

my eye has looked

The eye represents the person. AT: "I have looked" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

my eye has looked in triumph on my enemies

Possible meanings are 1) seeing that his enemies have been defeated. AT: "I have seen that my enemies have been defeated" or 2) defeating his enemies. AT: "I have defeated my enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 55

Psalms 55:intro-0

Psalm 055 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 55 is a deliverance psalm. The psalmist is praying that God will deliver him from his enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Betrayal

The author wishes he could get far away from his enemies after his best friend betrayed him. He asks God to completely destroy his enemies. He is trusting God to save him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/trust.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/save.md]])

# Superscription

Psalms 55:1-3

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

on stringed instruments

"people should play stringed instruments with this song"

A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1

Give ear to my prayer

Giving one's ear represents listening. AT: "Listen to my prayer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

do not hide yourself from my plea

Refusing to pay attention to his plea is spoken of as hiding himself from it. AT: "do not ignore my plea" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

because of the voice of my enemies

Here "voice" represents what they say. AT: "because of what my enemies say" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

they bring trouble on me

Causing trouble is spoken of as bringing trouble. AT: "they cause me to have great troubles" or "they do wicked things to me and so I suffer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 55:4-5

My heart trembles within me

Here, "heart trembles" refers to his emotional pain and suffering. This suffering is because of fear. AT: "I am suffering because I am so afraid" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the terrors of death have fallen on me

Becoming very afraid, or terrified, is spoken of as if terror is a thing that falls on a person. AT: "I am very much afraid that I will die" or "I am terrified that I will die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Fearfulness and trembling have come on me

Becoming fearful and trembling is spoken of as if fearfulness and trembling are things that come on a person. AT: "I have become very fearful and I tremble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

horror has overwhelmed me

Feeling horror is spoken of as if horror were a thing that can cover people. AT: "I feel terrible horror" or "I am extremely afraid" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 55:6-7

Oh, if only I had wings like a dove!

This exclamation expresses something the writer wishes for very much. AT: "I wish very much that I had wings like a dove" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclamations/01.md]])

Then would I fly away

"If I did have wings, I would fly away"

See, then I would wander

"I would do that and more: I would wander"

Selah

translationWords

Psalms 55:8-9

General Information:

The writer finishes telling about what he had said.

tempest

a strong storm

Devour them

Destroying something is spoken of as eating all of it. Possible meanings are "Destroy my enemies' plans" or "Destroy my enemies." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

confuse their language

"Language" here represents what the people were saying to each other, and probably refers specifically to them talking about plans to do evil. Confusing it represents making the people unable to understand each other. AT: "confuse them when they speak to each other" or "confuse their plans" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 55:10-11

they go about on its walls

"violence and strife go about on her walls." (See: Psalms 55:9) Violence and strife are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who cause violence and strife. AT: "people walk about on the city's walls, being violent and fighting" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

on its walls

"along the tops of the city walls." Cities had thick walls around them to protect them from enemies. People could walk along the tops of the walls to see if any enemies were coming to the city.

iniquity and mischief are in the middle of it

Iniquity and mischief are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who do iniquity and mischief. AT: "people do iniquity and cause mischief in the middle of the city" or "people do sinful things and cause trouble in it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

mischief

"trouble"

Wickedness is in the middle of it

Wickedness is spoken of as if it were a person. This can be expressed by telling about the people who do wicked things. AT: "People do wicked things in the middle of the city" or "people destroy things in the city" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

oppression and deceit do not leave its streets

Oppression and deceit are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who oppress and deceive others. AT: "People oppress and deceive others in the city streets, and they do not leave" or "People are always oppressing and deceiving others in the city streets" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

its streets

This may refer to the marketplaces in the city.

translationWords

Psalms 55:12-14

I could have borne it

Tolerating or enduring a rebuke is spoken of as bearing or carrying it. AT: "I could have tolerated the rebuke" or "I would not be so sad about the rebuke" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

raised himself up against me

Being proud of oneself and insulting another is spoken of as raising oneself up against another. AT: "insulted me" or "despised me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

But it was you

The psalmist speaks as though the person who had rebuked and taunted him were there listening to him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]])

myself, my companion and my close friend

This can be divided and a new sentence begun. AT: "myself. You were my companion and my close friend"

We

The word "we" refers to the psalmist and his friend.

with the throng

Possible meanings are 1) "together" or 2) "with the crowd."

translationWords

Psalms 55:15

Let death come suddenly on them

Death is spoken of as if it were a person that could attack people. AT: "Let my enemies die suddenly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

let them go down alive to Sheol

Dying suddenly is spoken of as if people were to go to Sheol so fast that they do not even die first. AT: "let them suddenly go to Sheol" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

wickedness is where they live

Wickedness is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be in a certain place. The habitual wickedness of his enemies is spoken of as if wickedness were with them or near them. AT: "they always do wicked things where they live" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

right among them

This phrase intensifies the idea of wickedness being very near them. Here wickedness is spoken of as being not only in their homes, but right where they are. AT: "They always do wicked things wherever they are" or "wherever they are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 55:16-18

As for me

This phrase shows that the writer has stopped talking about one thing and is now about to talk about himself. AT: "But I"

moan

"cry out"

he will hear my voice

Here "voice" represents either 1) the psalmist or 2) the psalmist's complaints and moans. AT: "he will hear me" or "he will hear my moaning" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

my life

Here "my life" represents the psalmist. AT: "me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

for those who fought against me were many

"for many people fought against me"

translationWords

Psalms 55:19

will hear them

"will hear my enemies" or "will hear what my enemies say." Some versions say "will hear me."

humiliate them

How God will humiliate them can be stated clearly. AT: "will defeat and humiliate them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 55:20-21

has raised his hands against those

Raising the hand against people represents attacking them. This may be a metaphor for saying things that put people in danger or cause them trouble. AT: "has attacked those" or "has betrayed those" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

His mouth

Someone's "mouth" represents what he says. AT: "What my friend said" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

His mouth was smooth as butter

Speech that is pleasant or nice to hear is spoken of as if it were smooth and easy to swallow. AT: "What he said was pleasant like smooth butter" or "He said nice things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

hostile

"mean" or "hateful"

his words

"what he said"

his words were softer than oil

People put oil on their skin to make it feel nice, and they put it on wounds to help them heal. Speech that is kind or helpful is spoken of as if it were soft or soothing. AT: "what he said was kind and soothing like oil" or "he said kind things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

they were actually drawn swords

Speech that causes people trouble is spoken of as if it were swords that wound people. AT: "what he said wounded people as drawn swords do" or "what he said caused people trouble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

drawn swords

The word "drawn" here means that the swords were pulled out of their covers and ready to be used.

translationWords

Psalms 55:22-23

Place your burdens

Here the psalmist is speaking to other godly people.

Place your burdens on Yahweh

Here troubles are spoken of as if they were burdens that people have to carry. Trusting God to help us when we have troubles is spoken of as putting our burdens on him so that he can carry them for us. AT: "Give Yahweh your problems" or "Trust God to help you with all your troubles like someone who trusts a stronger person to carry his load" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he will sustain you

Taking care of someone or helping someone when he has troubles is spoken of as supporting him. AT: "he will take care of you" or "he will help you"

he will never allow a righteous person to totter

A person who is about to be severely harmed by some sort of disaster is spoken of as if he is tottering or swaying and is about to fall down. AT: "he will not let a righteous person sway and fall down" or "he will not let a righteous person to be destroyed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

But you, God

The author speaks to God now.

the pit of destruction

This probably refers to the grave or hell.

will bring the wicked down into the pit of destruction

This represents causing people to die. AT: "will cause the wicked to die" or "will cause wicked people to die and go to the place where dead people are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

bloodthirsty and deceitful men

"people who lie and who want to kill others" or "deceitful murderers"

even half as long as others

"even half as long as other people live"

translationWords

Psalms 56

Psalms 56:intro-0

Psalm 056 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 56 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Fear

Although the psalmist's enemies are trying to harm him, he is not afraid because God is protecting him.

# Superscription

The word "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as "psalm."

Psalms 56:1-2

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship;"

set to Jonath elem rehokim

This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing this psalm. AT: "Sing this psalm using the tune of 'Jonath elem rehokim'" or "Sing this using the Jonath elem rehokim style"

Jonath elem rehokim

This may mean "Dove on Distant Oak Trees." Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

A michtam

The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: "This is a psalm that David wrote." See how you translated this in Psalms 16:1.

when the Philistines took him in Gath

"when the Philistines captured him in Gath"

press their assault

"come closer and closer in order to attack me"

My enemies trample me

The enemies' fierce attack is spoken of as if they were crushing his body by marching on it. AT: "My enemies attack me severely" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 56:3-4

you

The word "you" refers to God.

what can mere man do to me?

Here a question is used to show that the psalmist is not afraid of people, because they cannot seriously harm him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "mere man can do nothing to me!" or "mere man cannot harm me badly!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

mere man

"just humans" or "people." This implies that people are not powerful, but God is powerful.

translationWords

Psalms 56:5-6

All the day long

"All the time"

they twist my words

Repeating what someone says but changing it a little so that it means something different is spoken of as twisting their words. AT: "they say that I said things than I did not say" or "they claim that I said things, but they lie" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

all their thoughts are against me for evil

"they always have evil thoughts against me" or "they always think of evil things to do to me"

they mark my steps

Watching what a person does in order to see how to cause him trouble is spoken of as watching his steps, just as someone who wants to capture a person watches where that person walks. AT: "they watch everything I do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

just as they have waited for my life

Waiting to kill someone is spoken of as waiting for his life. AT: "as they wait to kill me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]]

Psalms 56:7-8

Do not let them escape doing iniquity

What they might escape can be sued clearly. AT: "Do not let them escape your punishment for their iniquity" or "Do not let them escape when you punish them for the wicked things they do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Bring down the peoples

Defeating the enemies is spoken of as bringing them down. AT: "Defeat the peoples" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

You number my wanderings

God's concern for the psalmist is spoken of as if God counted each time that the psalmist has walked in sadness and with no place to go for comfort. AT: "You care about all the times that I have been wandering alone" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

put my tears into your bottle

God's concern for the psalmist is spoken of as if God saved the psalmist's tears in a bottle. The tears represent crying. AT: "you know how much I have cried and you care about me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

are they not in your book?

God's concern for the psalmist is spoken of as if he wrote the number of the psalmist's tears in his book. This question is used to remind God about how greatly he cares for the psalmist. AT: "you have written about them in your book!" or "you remember my cries!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]]and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 56:9-11

will turn back

"will retreat" or "will turn and run away"

God is for me

This means that God favors him. In this context it implies that God fights against the psalmist's enemies in order to protect him. AT: "God is fighting for me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

What can anyone do to me?

Here a question is used to show that the psalmist is not afraid of people, because they cannot seriously harm him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "People can do nothing to me!" or "People cannot harm me badly!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 56:12-13

The duty to fulfill my vows to you is on me

Being obligated to do something is spoken of as if the duty to do something is on a person. AT: "I must fulfill my vows to you" or "I must do what I promised you I would do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you have kept my feet from falling

The feet here represent the person. Falling here probably represents being killed by his enemies. AT: "you have kept me from falling" or "you have kept me from being killed by my enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

so that I may walk before God

Living and being seen by God is spoken of as walking before God. AT: "so that I may live in God's presence" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in the light of the living

Here "the light of the living" probably represents God's enabling people to live. AT: "with the life that you give" or "because you enable me to live" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 57

Psalms 57:intro-0

Psalm 057 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 57 is a psalm of deliverance. It praises God for the many times he has delivered David. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Fear

Since God is protecting the psalmist, he has nothing to fear from his enemies.

# Superscription

Psalms 57:1

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

set to Al Tashheth

This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. AT: "sing this psalm using the tune of 'Al Tashheth'" or "sing this using the Al Tashheth style"

Al Tashheth

This means "Do Not Destroy." Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

A michtam

The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: "This is a psalm that David wrote." See how you translated this in Psalms 16:1.

when he fled from Saul, in the cave

The purpose of this phrase can be stated clearly along with some basic details about the situation. AT: "This is about when David hid in the cave from Saul" or "This is about when King Saul was chasing David, and David hid in a cave" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

I take refuge in you

Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "I go to you for protection" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I stay under your wings for protection

The psalmist speaks of God as if he were a mother bird that protects its babies by huddling them under its wings. AT: "I trust you to protect me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

until this destruction is over

The abstract noun "destruction" can be stated as "destructive." AT: "until this destructive storm is over" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 57:2-3

who does all things for me

This explains why he will cry out to God. It can be translated with "because." AT: "because he does all things for me"

those who crush me

The enemies' fierce attack is spoken of as if they were crushing his body by marching on it. AT: "those who attack me severely" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

God will send me his loving kindness and his faithfulness

God's being kind and faithful is spoken of as if he were sending his kindness and faithful. The abstract nouns "kindness" and "faithfulness" can be stated as "kind" and "trustworthy." AT: "God will be kind to me and trustworthy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 57:4-5

My life is among lions

The psalmist speaks of his enemies as if they were lions. AT: "I live among fierce enemies" or "Fierce enemies surround me like lions" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

those who are ready to devour me

Destroying is spoken of as devouring or eating something up. Some versions understand the Hebrew text to mean "fiery beasts." Both images speak of his enemies as if they were wild beasts. AT: "those who are ready to destroy me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

people whose teeth are spears and arrows

The enemies' spears and arrows are spoken of as if they were lions' teeth. The psalmist continues to speak of his enemies as if they were lions. AT: "people who kill others with spears and arrows as lions kill with their sharp teeth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

spears and arrows

Since both of these terms are weapons, if your culture knows only one, it is acceptable to use it alone. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

whose tongues are sharp swords

The tongue represents what someone says, and the enemies' cruel words are spoken of as if they were swords. AT: "whose cruel words are like sharp swords" or "who cause terrible trouble for me by what they say" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Be exalted, God, above the heavens

The psalmist is asking God to show that he is exalted. Being exalted above the heavens represents being great. AT: "God, show that you are exalted above the heavens" or "God, show that you are great in the heavens" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

let your glory be above all the earth

The psalmist is asking God to show his glory. AT: "show your glory over all the earth"

translationWords

Psalms 57:6

They spread out a net for my feet

His enemies' plans to capture him are spoken of as if they had spread out a net on the ground to trap him. AT: "It is as though my enemies have spread a net out to trap me" or "They planned to capture me like people who spread out a net to trap an animal" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

They dug a pit in front of me

His enemies' plans to capture him are spoken of as if they had dug a pit for him to fall into. AT: "It is as though they dug a pit for me to fall into" or "They planned to capture me like people who dig a hole in the ground to trap an animal" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

They themselves have fallen into the middle of it

The harm that came to his enemies when they tried to capture him is spoken of as if they fell into the trap that they had made for him. AT: "They themselves fell into the pit they had dug for me" or "But they themselves were hurt by what they planned to do to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 57:7-8

My heart is fixed, God, my heart is fixed

Being confident is spoken of as one's heart being firm rather than shaken or easily moved. The phrase is repeated to show that he has complete confidence in God and will not change. AT: "I am completely confident in you, God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I will sing praises

Who he will sing to can be stated clearly. AT: "I will sing praises to you, God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Wake up, my honored heart

It can be stated clearly that the purpose of waking up is to sing praises to God. Waking up may be a metaphor for starting or preparing to do something. The heart represents the psalmist or his emotions. AT: "Wake up, my honored heart, to sing praises to God" or "I will prepare my honored heart to sing praises to God" or "I am honored to wake up and sing praises to God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

wake up, lute and harp

It can be stated clearly that the purpose of waking up is to sing praises to God. The psalmist speaks as though the lute and harp were people who could wake up to sing praises to God. AT: "Wake up, lute and harp, and sing praises to God" or "I will play the lute and harp while I sing praises to God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will wake up the dawn

The dawn is spoken of as if it were alive, and getting up before dawn happens is spoken of as waking it up. The purpose of getting up before dawn is to praise God. AT: "I will get up before dawn" or "I will get up before the sun rises" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 57:9-11

For great is your unfailing love, reaching to the heavens ... your faithfulness to the clouds

These two phrases are very similar in meaning. The greatness of God's unfailing love and the greatness of his faithfulness are spoken of as if they could be measured in distance. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

For great is your unfailing love, reaching to the heavens

The greatness of God's unfailing love is spoken of as if it could be measured in distance. AT: "Your unfailing love is as great as the distance from the earth to the heavens" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

your faithfulness to the clouds

The words "great is your" and "reaching" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "great is your faithfulness, reaching to the clouds" or "your faithfulness is as great as the distance from the earth to the clouds" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Be exalted, God, above the heavens

may your glory be exalted over all the earth

The psalmist is asking God to show his glory. AT: "show your glory over all the earth"

translationWords

Psalms 58

Psalms 58:intro-0

Psalm 058 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 58 is a deliverance psalm. It asks God for deliverance from the unjust rulers. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/unjust.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Deliverance

Although the leaders are very evil and unfair, God can deliver his people from their oppression. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/oppress.md]])

# Superscription

Psalms 58:1-2

General Information:

This psalm is a song about wicked people.

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

set to Al Tashheth

This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in Psalms 57:1.

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

A michtam

The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: "This is a psalm that David wrote." See how you translated this in Psalms 16:1.

Do you rulers speak righteousness?

The author uses this question to rebuke the rulers because they do not speak righteously. AT: "You rulers do not say what is right!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

you ... your

The words "you" and "your" refer to the mighty men who are judges. The "you" here is plural. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

Do you judge uprightly, you people?

The author uses this question to rebuke the judges who do not judge uprightly. AT: "You people never judge people uprightly!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

No

The author answers the two questions he had just asked.

you commit wickedness in your heart

The heart refers to the people's thoughts or plans. AT: "you commit wickedness in your thoughts" or "you think about doing wicked things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

you distribute violence throughout the land with your hands

Doing violence in various places throughout the land is spoken of as distributing or spreading the violence throughout the land, as if violence were some kind of stuff or things. AT: "you yourselves do violent deeds everywhere in the land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 58:3-5

The wicked go astray even when they are in the womb ... they go astray from birth

This is the same idea expressed in two different ways. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

they go astray

Doing wrong things is spoken of as if people are walking on a road, and they turn off and go the wrong way. AT: "they do wrong things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Their poison is like a snake's poison

The wicked things people say are spoken of as if they were poison. AT: "Their wicked words cause trouble as a snake's poison harms people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

they are like a deaf adder that stops up its ears

Wicked people who do not listen to advice or rebukes are spoken of as if they were snakes that do not respond to a charmer's music. AT: "they refuse to listen like a deaf adder that stops up its ears" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

a deaf adder that stops up its ears

An adder that does not respond to a charmer's music is spoken of as as if it could put something in its ears so that it will not hear. AT: "an adder that does not listen" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

adder

a kind of poisonous snake

charmers

people who play or sing music in order to control snakes

no matter how skillful they are

What the snake charmers were skillful at can be stated clearly. AT: "no matter how skillful the charmers are at controlling snakes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 58:6-8

General Information:

The author lists things that he would like God to do to wicked people.

Break their teeth ... break out the great teeth of the young lions

In both of these phrases, the wicked people are spoken of as if they were lions, and making them powerless to kill people is spoken of as breaking their teeth. AT: "Take away their power to kill. Make them powerless like young lions whose teeth have been broken and fallen out" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Let them melt away as water that runs off

The wicked people are spoken of as if they were ice or water. No longer existing is spoken of as melting or draining away into the dry ground. AT: "Make them disappear like water that runs off" or "Make them vanish like ice that melts and drains into the ground" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

let them be as though they had no points

"let their arrows be as though they had no points"

Let them be like a snail that melts and passes away

No longer existing is spoken of as melting and disappearing. AT: "Let the wicked vanish like a snail that melts and no longer exists" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

snail

"slug"

like the untimely-born child of a woman that never sees the sunlight

Not existing is spoken of as being like a baby that is born dead. AT: "like a baby who is born too early too live and see the sunlight" or "like a baby that was born dead" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 58:9-11

Before your pots can feel the thorn's burning heat ... the green thorns and the burning thorns alike

The wicked are spoken of as if they were thornbush branches, and God's swift punishment of them is spoken of as if he were to quickly blow them away or sweep them away. AT: "God will destroy wicked people faster than a whirlwind can blow away thornbush branches that have been put under a cooking pot and lit with fire" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

your

David is speaking to God's people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

thorn

"thornbush branches"

The righteous will rejoice when he sees

The phrase "the righteous" refers to righteous people in general. AT: "Righteous people will rejoice when they see" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]])

he will wash his feet in the blood of the wicked

Getting one's feet wet by walking on blood is spoken of as washing the feet in blood. AT: "the righteous will make their feet wet in the blood of the wicked" or "the righteous will march on the blood of the wicked" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he will wash his feet in the blood of the wicked

This exaggeration expresses that a great number of wicked people will die. AT: "so many wicked people will die that when the righteous march on their blood, it will seem as if they could wash their feet in it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 59

Psalms 59:intro-0

Psalm 059 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 59 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Protection

The author prays for God to defeat his enemies. God is his protector. Therefore, he will praise God.

# Superscription

Psalms 59:1-2

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

set to Al Tashheth

This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in Psalms 57:1.

Who hears us?

This question is used to show that they believed that God would not hear and punish them. AT: "No one can hear us!" or "Your God does not hear us!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/sword.md]]

Psalms 59:14-15

howling like dogs

The psalmist speaks of his enemies threatening to attack people as if they were dogs howling, growling, or barking at people. AT: "threatening to attack us" or "threatening to attack us like wild dogs" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

satisfied

"content"

Psalms 59:16-17

you have been my high tower and a refuge

High towers and refuges are places that people can go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. AT: "you have protected me like a high tower and a refuge" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in the day of my distress

"whenever I have had troubles"

To you, my strength, I will sing praises

"To you, my strength" can be combined as one clause. AT: "You are my strength, so I will sing praises to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-sentences/01.md]])

my strength

God's being the psalmist's strength represents God protecting him. AT: "my protector" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

for God is my high tower

High towers are places that people can go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. AT: "you have protected me like a high tower" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the God of covenant faithfulness

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. This can be expressed in a separate sentence. AT: "He is the God who is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 60

Psalms 60:intro-0

Psalm 060 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 60 is a psalm of war.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Protection

God has preserved the land of Israel, and now he will give them victory over the countries of Moab and Edom.

Psalms 60:1

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

set to Shushan Eduth

This probably tells what tune or musical style to use when singing the psalm. AT: "sing this psalm using the tune of 'Shushan Eduth'" or "sing this using the Shushan Eduth style"

Shushan Eduth

This means "Lily of the Promise." Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

A michtam

The meaning of the word "michtam" is uncertain. You may use the word "psalm" instead. This can be written as: "This is a psalm that David wrote." See how you translated this in Psalms 16:1.

Aram Naharaim ... Aram Zobah

"Aram of the two rivers ... the Aramean nation of Zobah." These are places. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Joab

This refers to Joab and the army that he led. AT: "Joab and his army" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

twelve thousand Edomites

"12,000 Edomites" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

you have cast us off

God's rejecting people is spoken of as if he had thrown them away. AT: "you have rejected us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you have broken through our defenses

God's allowing Israel's enemies to break through their defenses is spoken of as God himself had done it. AT: "you have allowed our enemies to break through our defenses" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 60:2-3

Connecting Statement:

The psalmist continues speaking to God.

You have made the land tremble; you have torn it apart

The psalmist speaks of the disaster in his country as if it were an earthquake. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

heal its fissures

Making the people strong again is spoken of as repairing the fissures in the ground or walls. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

fissures

large cracks in the ground or walls

You have made your people see difficult things

Here "see" represents "experience" or "suffer." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

drink the wine of staggering

Being helpless is spoken of as staggering around, barely able to stand upright. The abstract noun "staggering" can be stated as a verb. AT: "the wine that makes us stagger" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 60:4-5

you have set up a banner

God's guiding his people in battle is spoken of as if God were a human king or commander who had set up a banner for the army. AT: "you are like a king who sets up a banner" or "you command us in battle like a king who raises up a banner" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

banner

"battle flag." This is a flag that a king or commander would raise up on a pole to show that the army should gather.

to be displayed against those who carry the bow

This can be stated with an active clause. However some versions have different interpretations of this phrase. AT: "to display against those who carry the bow" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

to be displayed against those who carry the bow

The phrase "those who carry the bow" refers to the enemy soldiers in battle. AT: "to display when he takes his army into battle against your enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

with your right hand

God's right hand represents his power. AT: "by your power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

answer me

Answering here represents responding to his request. AT: "respond to my request" or "answer my prayer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 60:6-7

Ephraim also is my helmet

God speaks of the tribe of Ephraim as if it were his army. The helmet symbolizes equipment for war. AT: "Ephraim is like a helmet I have chosen" or "the tribe of Ephraim is my army" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

helmet

a hard hat that soldiers wear to protect their heads from injury

Judah is my scepter

God chose men from the tribe of Judah to be the kings of his people, and he speaks of that tribe as if it were his scepter. AT: "the tribe of Judah is like my scepter" or "Judah is the tribe through whom I rule my people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 60:8-9

Moab is my washbasin

God speaks of Moab being unimportant as if Moab were a washbasin or a lowly servant. AT: "Moab is like a bowl that I use for washing" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

over Edom I will throw my shoe

God was probably speaking of taking ownership of Edom as if he were symbolically throwing his shoe onto that land to show that he owns it. However some versions have other interpretations. AT: "I take ownership of the land of Edom" or "I throw my shoe onto the land of Edom to show that it is mine" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 60:10-12

But you, God, have you not rejected us?

The psalmist uses this question to express his sadness that it seems that God has rejected them. AT: "But God, it seems like you have rejected us." or "God, you seem to have abandoned us." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

You do not go into battle with our army

The psalmist speaks of God helping their army as if God were to go and fight with them. AT: "you do not help our army when we go into battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

futile

"worthless"

triumph

"have victory"

he will trample down our enemies

The psalmist speaks of God helping their army defeat their enemies as if God were to trample down the enemies. AT: "he will enable us to trample down our enemies" or "he will make us able to defeat our enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 61

Psalms 61:intro-0

Psalm 061 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 61 is a psalm of praise.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Vow

The author has vowed to praise God every day of his life because God has blessed him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/vow.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/bless.md]])

Psalms 61:1-3

General Information:

This is a song about God's faithfulness.

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

on a stringed instrument

"people should play a stringed instrument with this song"

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

Hear my cry, God; attend to my prayer

These clauses have a similar meaning. AT: "God, listen to me and answer my prayer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

overwhelmed

"overcome"

lead me to the rock that is higher than I

Here the writer speaks of God as if he were a high rock that he could climb for protection. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

a strong tower from the enemy

Here the writer speaks of God as if he were a "strong tower" that provides protection from his enemies. AT: "a strong tower that protects me from my enemy" or "like a strong tower that keeps me safe from my enemy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 61:4-5

take refuge under the shelter of your wings

Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Here there is a second metaphor that speaks of Yahweh's protection as if he was a hen protecting her baby chicks under her wings. AT: "go to you for protection as a chick is safe under the wings of its mother" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you have given me the inheritance

The writer speaks of God's blessings as if they were an inheritance that he has received. AT: "you have given to me the blessings" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

who honor your name

Here "your name" means God himself. AT: "who honor you" or "who have an awesome respect for you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 61:6-7

You will prolong ... many generations

These two clauses have similar meanings. The idea is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

You will prolong the king's life

"You will extend the king's life" or "You will cause the king's life to last a long time"

his years will be like many generations

Here "years" refers to how long the king will live. AT: "he will live for many generations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

He will remain before God forever

Here "to remain before God" means to be in God's presence or to be with God. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "God will be with him forever" or "God will be with the king forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 61:8

I will sing praise to your name forever

Here "name" stands for God himself. AT: "I will always sing praise to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

my vows

These refer to the promise to offer sacrifices to God every day.

translationWords

Psalms 62

Psalms 62:intro-0

Psalm 062 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 62 is a psalm of deliverance. It expresses trust that God will save the psalmist from his enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/trust.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/save.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Trust

Although the psalmist's enemies have attacked him when he was feeling weak, he trusts in God to deliver him. God is powerful and kind.

Psalms 62:1-2

General Information:

This psalm is a song about God's faithfulness.

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

Jeduthun

One of David's chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. See how you translated this in Psalms 39:1. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

my salvation comes from him

"he is the one who rescues me" or "he is the one who saves me"

He alone is my rock and my salvation

The writer speaks of God's ability to protect him as if God were a rock. AT: "He is the only one who can protect and rescue me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he is my high tower

The writer speaks of God's ability to protect him as if God were a high tower. AT: "he keeps me away from the grasp of my enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will not be greatly moved

This can be stated in active form. AT: "nothing can ever move me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 62:3-4

all of you

"my enemies" or "all my enemies"

How long ... will you attack a man ... or a shaky fence?

David uses a rhetorical question to express his frustration. No answer is expected. AT: "It seems like my enemies will never stop attacking me. I feel that I am as weak against you as a leaning wall or a broken-down fence." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

attack a man

"attack me"

They consult with him only to

"They intend to" or "They plan to"

consult with him ... bring him ... bless him ... curse him

In these verses, David is referring to himself by "him."

with their mouths

This refers to their speech or their words. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

in their hearts

This refers to their thoughts. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 62:5-6

my hope is set on him

"for I place my hope in him"

He alone is my rock and my salvation; he is my high tower

The writer speaks of God as if he were a rock and a high tower. Both of these metaphors show how God provides protection from one's enemies. Here "salvation" means that God rescues the writer. See how you translated this in Psalms 62:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will not be moved

This can be stated in active form. AT: "nothing can move me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/hope.md]]

Psalms 62:7-8

the rock of my strength and my refuge are in God

The writer speaks of God as if he were a rock that keeps one safe from his enemies. He also speaks of God as if he were a shelter that provides protection. AT: "God always gives me strength and protection" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

pour out your heart

This refers to telling God your inner feelings as if you were pouring out a liquid. AT: "give your deepest concerns to God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

refuge for us

The word "us" refers to David and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-inclusive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 62:9-10

men of low standing ... men of high standing are a lie

This refers to men of all levels of wealth and importance. The phrases "are vanity" and "are a lie" have the same meaning. One cannot confidently trust in anyone. AT: "you cannot place your trust in men, no matter how important they are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

weighed together, they are lighter than nothing

If you put all of these kinds of men together on a scale, they would have no weight. This means that they have no real value to you.

oppression or robbery

These two words have basically the same meaning. You cannot trust in money that you get by taking it from other people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

for they will bear no fruit

The writer speaks of riches as if they were trees or vines that could bear fruit. AT: "for they will provide nothing good for you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

do not fix your heart on them

Here "fix your heart" is an idiom that means to desire something greatly. AT: "do not desire them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 62:11-12

God has spoken once, twice have I heard this

This means that God has said this more than once.

power belongs to God

God being characterized by power is spoken of as if power belonged to him. The abstract noun "power" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "God is powerful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Also to you, Lord, belongs covenant faithfulness

God being characterized by covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if covenant faithfulness belonged to him. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "You, Lord, are also faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

for you pay back every person for what he has done

The writer speaks of God's rewards as if he were paying a wage for work. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 63

Psalms 63:intro-0

Psalm 063 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 63 is a psalm of praise.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Praise

The author praises God for who he is and for having protected him.

Psalms 63:1-2

General Information:

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

earnestly

sincerely

my soul thirsts for you, and my flesh longs for you

These two clauses have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how greatly the writer desires to be with God. AT: "my whole being greatly desires to be with you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

dry and weary land

"hot, dry desert"

translationWords

Psalms 63:3-4

Because your covenant faithfulness is better than life, my lips

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adverb and the abstract noun "life" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I value you being faithful to your covenant more than I value living, so my lips" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

my lips will praise you

Here "my lips" represents the whole person. AT: "I will praise you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

I will lift up my hands in your name

Here "in your name" means "to you." AT: "I will worship you and pray to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 63:5-6

It will be as if I ate a meal of marrow and fatness

Here the writer speaks of knowing and worshiping God as being more satisfying than eating a good meal. AT: "I will be happier than a person who eats a meal of fat and choice food" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

with joyful lips my mouth will praise you

Here "with joyful lips my mouth" represents the whole person who will praise God joyfully. AT: "I will praise you joyfully" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

when I think about you on my bed ... in the night hours

These two clauses have the same meaning. The ideas are repeated to emphasize how much the writer thinks about God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 63:7-8

in the shadow of your wings I rejoice

The writer speaks of God as if he were a bird protecting its young under his wings. AT: "I rejoice because you protect me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I cling to you

"I need you" or "I depend on you"

your right hand supports me

Here, the right hand is used as a symbol of strength and power. AT: "you support me" or "you lift me up" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 63:9-10

will go down into the lowest parts of the earth

This means they will die and go to the place of the dead. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "will die and descend into the place of the dead" or "will die and go down into the place of the dead" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

they will be given over to those whose hands use the sword

Here "the sword" represents death in battle, and "those whose hands use the sword" refers to enemies who kill them in battle. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will cause them to die in battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

they will become food for the jackals

Here "they" refers to the corpses of those who die in battle. AT: "jackals will eat their dead bodies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the jackals

"jackals" here are a kind of long-legged wild dog. They feed on carrion, game, and fruit.

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/sword.md]]

Psalms 63:11

the king will

David is speaking about himself. This can be stated clearly in the translation. AT: "I, the king of Israel, will" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

swears by him ... proud of him

The word "him" refers to "God."

but the mouth of those who speak lies will be stopped up

Here "the mouth" represents the whole person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "but God will silence the liars" or "but God will silence those who lie" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 64

Psalms 64:intro-0

Psalm 064 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 64 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Plotting of enemies

The author's enemies have plotted against him but God has saved him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/save.md]])

Psalms 64:1-2

General Information:

This psalm is a prayer for help.

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

preserve

"save"

Hide me from the secret plotting of evildoers

Here "Hide" represents protecting, and "the secret plotting of evildoers represents" represents the harm that evildoers secretly plan to do to David. AT: "Protect me from the harm that evil doers secretly plan to do to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

from the commotion

The words "hide me" are understood from the previous phrase and can be repeated here. AT: "hide me from the commotion" or "protect me from the commotion"(See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

the commotion of the doers of iniquity

Possible meanings are that "commotion" refers to 1) a noisy disturbance. AT: "the noisy disturbance that the doers of iniquity make" or 2) a crowd that makes a noisy disturbance. AT: "the noisy crowd of doers of iniquity"

translationWords

Psalms 64:3-4

They have sharpened their tongues like swords

The writer speaks of his enemies' tongues as if they were as sharp as swords. Here "tongues" represents the harsh words that the enemies speak. AT: "The harsh things that they say hurt me like a sharp sword" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

arrows, bitter words

The writer speaks of his enemies' bitter words as if they were arrows being shot at him. AT: "bitter words which pierce me like arrows" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 64:5-6

Who will see us?

The evildoers do not expect an answer to their question because they think no one will see them. AT: "No one will see what we are doing" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

The inner thoughts and hearts of man are deep

The writer speaks of man's "inner thoughts" and "hearts of man" as if they were a deep body of water that no one can explore all the way to the bottom. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

inner thoughts ... hearts of man

Both of these phrases refer to man's private or inner thoughts. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 64:7-9

General Information:

The writer continues to speak of the "evildoers" of Psalms 64:01.

But God will shoot them ... with his arrows

The writer speaks of God's punishment of the evildoers as if God were shooting arrows at them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

They will be made to stumble

The writer speaks of God's causing the evildoers' plans to fail as if God were making them stumble in their paths. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God will make them stumble" or "God will cause their plans to fail" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

since their own tongues are against them

Here "tongues" represents the words that they say. AT: "since the words that they say are against them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

what he has done

"what God has done"

translationWords

Psalms 64:10

take refuge in him

Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to him for protection" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

all the upright in heart will take pride in him

Here "upright in heart" is an idiom that means godly or righteous. AT: "all the people who are godly will praise him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 65

Psalms 65:intro-0

Psalm 065 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 65 is a psalm of praise to God.

Special concepts in this chapter

# God's power

God answered prayers and gave the people justice and hope. God created nature and controls it, sending rain so the grain and pastures grow well.

Psalms 65:1-3

General Information:

This psalm is a song of praise.

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

A psalm. A song of David

"This is a psalm that David wrote"

For you, God in Zion, our praise waits

This speaks of praise as if it were a person who could act on its own. AT: "To you alone, God in Zion, we will offer our praise" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

our vows will be carried out to you

This can be stated in active form. AT: "we will do what we have promised you that we would do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Iniquities prevail against us

David speaks about iniquity as if it were a person that is able to defeat or oppress. AT: "It is as if our own sins were defeating us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

you will forgive them

The word "them" refers to our "iniquities."

translationWords

Psalms 65:4

whom you choose ... your courts

The words "you" and "your" in this verse refer to Yahweh.

live in your courts

This exaggeration expresses that the man is in the temple very frequently to worship Yahweh. AT: "worship often in your courts" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

We will be satisfied with the goodness of your house, your holy temple

This can be stated in active form. AT: "The goodness of your house, your holy temple, will satisfy us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

We will be

Here the word "we" refers to David and the people of Israel, but not to God, to whom he is speaking. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])

your house, your holy temple

"your house, which is your holy temple"

translationWords

Psalms 65:5

In righteousness

"Because you are righteous"

you who are

"you are"

of all the ends of the earth ... across the sea

These two phrases have similar meanings. AT: "of all the people who live throughout the earth and across the sea" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

of all the ends of the earth

This refers to the people who live all over the earth. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 65:6-7

you who are belted with strength

The writer speaks of God as if he wore his strength like a belt. AT: "showing that you are very powerful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the roaring of the seas, the roaring of their waves

These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to create a vivid impression on the hearer or reader. AT: "the continuous roaring of the seas" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

roaring

a loud noise caused by the wind and waves

the commotion of the people

This is also something that God makes quiet.

commotion

loud noise

translationWords

Psalms 65:8-9

evidence

proof or something that shows that another thing is true

you make the east and the west rejoice

The phrase "the east and the west" refers to the people who live all over the earth. AT: "you cause people everywhere to shout joyfully" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

help the earth

This refers to the soil of the earth.

you greatly enrich it

"you make the soil very good so that good things will grow in it"

the river of God is full of water

This refers to the supply of water in the sky that God sends to water the earth and fill the streams. AT: "you fill the streams with water" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 65:10-12

You ... your

The words "You" and "your" refer to Yahweh.

its furrows

"the earth's furrows"

furrows

A furrow is a long narrow trench made in the ground for planting seeds or for watering the field where grains have been planted.

ridges

edges

You crown the year with your goodness

Here the "year" is given the human quality of wearing a crown. AT: "You have honored the year with a good harvest" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

your wagon tracks overflow with abundance

Yahweh making the soil so good and fertile that it produces an abundant harvest is spoken of as if Yahweh were traveling through an empty land in a cart, leaving abundant food behind wherever he goes. AT: "everywhere you have been, you have left abundant food" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

The pastures ... drip with dew

There is so much dew in the pastures that they are said to drip with it. AT: "The pastures ... are full of dew" or "Much dew drips in the pastures of the wilderness"

the hills are clothed with joy

The writer speaks of the beauty of the hills as if they were joyful people, and of joy as if it were clothing. AT: "the hills are like people wearing joy" or "the hills are like joyful people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 65:13

The pastures are clothed with flocks

The writer speaks of the pastures as being so covered with flocks that it is like the pastures are wearing a garment.

pastures

a large field where animals feed on the grass

flocks

group of animals, such as sheep and goats

they shout for joy, and they sing

The pastures, hills and valleys are so bountiful, that they seem to shout and sing for joy. AT: "they are like joyful singing people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

they shout

The word "they" refers to the pastures and valleys.

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/clothed.md]]

Psalms 66

Psalms 66:intro-0

Psalm 066 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 66 is a psalm of praise.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh saves

Just as God brought Israel through the wilderness, he took the author through hard times but saved him. The author will worship God by sacrificing animals to him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/save.md]])

I cried to him with my mouth

The word "mouth" represents the whole person who cries out to God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

he was praised with my tongue

Here "tongue" represents words or speech. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I praised him with my tongue" or "I praised him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

seen sin

"loved sin" or "held iniquity"

would not have listened to me

Here "would not have listened" implies that God would not have answered his prayer. This can be made clear in the translation. AT: "would not have heard me call out to him" or "he would not have answered my prayer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 66:19-20

But God has truly heard; he has paid attention

These two clauses have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize that God has heard his prayer. AT: "But God has truly heard my prayer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

the voice of my prayer

Here the author's prayer is given the personal quality of having a voice. AT: "my prayer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

who has not turned away my prayer

Here "turned away' represents ignoring his prayer. AT: "who has not ignored my prayer"

or his covenant faithfulness from me

The phrase "has not turned away" is understood from the previous phrase and can be repeated here. The idea of "his covenant faithfulness" can be translated with the phrase "being faithful to his covenant." AT: "and has not turned away his covenant faithfulness from me" or "and has not stopped being faithful to his covenant with me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 67

Psalms 67:intro-0

Psalm 067 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 67 is a worship psalm.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Praise

People all over the world should be praising God.

Psalms 67:1-2

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

on stringed instruments

"people should play stringed instruments with this song"

cause his face to shine on us

your ways may be known on earth

This can be stated in active form. AT: "people may know your ways on earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

your salvation among all nations

The writer desires for everyone to know that God has the power to save them. This can be made clear in the translation. AT: "and the people of all nations may know that you have the power to save them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 67:3-4

Let the peoples praise you ... let all the peoples praise you

The second clause intensifies the meaning of the first to emphasize the importance of praising God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Type of psalm

Psalm 68 is a worship psalm.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's greatness

God is exceedingly great. He takes care of the weak and helpless. He is glorious in his temple. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/glory.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/temple.md]])

# No Common Theme

Scholars have found this psalm the most difficult to interpret. There does not appear to be any unity to this psalm.

Psalms 68:1-3

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

Let God arise

God beginning to act is spoke of as if he stands up. AT: "Let God begin to act" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

let his enemies be scattered

This can be stated in active form. AT: "let God chase away his enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

As smoke is driven away, so drive them away

God's enemies are spoken of as if they are smoke that is easily blown away by the wind. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Drive them away as the wind blows away smoke" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

as wax melts before the fire

God's enemies are spoken of as if they are wax that is easily melted by a fire. AT: "cause them to disappear as wax melts before a fire" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the wicked

This refers to the wicked people in general. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

the righteous

This refers to the righteous people in general. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

rejoice and be happy

These means the same thing and emphasizes the amount of joy they feel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 68:4-6

to his name

This refers to God. AT: "to him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the one who rides through the plains

God's presence among people is spoken of as if he rides on the earth in a horse or chariot. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

A father of the fatherless

God is spoken of as a compassionate God who acts like a father to orphans. AT: "One who acts like a father to children who have no parents" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

a judge of the widows

God is spoken of as a merciful God who protects widows. AT: "a protector of widows" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

God puts the lonely into families

God is spoken of as if he places lonely people into families. "God provides families for those who have no one to live with" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he brings out the prisoners with singing

God is spoken of as the one who leads prisoners out of their confinement. AT: "God frees prisoners and makes them sing with happiness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the rebellious

This nominal adjective refers to rebellious people and can be translated with either an adjective or a noun. AT: "rebellious people" or "people who rebel against him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

a parched land

God's punishment of the rebellious is spoken of as if he forces them to live in a hot desert land. AT: "a very hot and dry land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 68:7-8

General Information:

David begins to tell the story of God leading the Israelites through the desert to Mt. Sinai.

when you went out ... when you marched through

These two phrases refer to the same event. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

you went out before your people

"you led your people"

when you marched through the wilderness

God is spoken of as if he was a soldier marching ahead of the people of Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the heavens also dropped rain ... God's presence

"God caused it to rain"

in the presence of God

This idiom here refers to God's appearance before the Israelites. AT: "when God appeared to the Israelites" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 68:9-10

you strengthened your inheritance when it was weary

The land of Israel is spoken of as if it was a person who could be weary, or could gain strength. AT: "you caused the land to produce good crops" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

your inheritance

The land that God gave to the Israelites is spoken of as if it was an inheritance that a father passed on to his children. AT: "the land that you gave to us Israelites" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the poor

This refers to poor people in general. AT: "poor people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/inherit.md]]

Psalms 68:11-13

General Information:

David continues the story of the journey of the Israelites through the desert. In this part of the story, the Israelites are victorious in war over their enemies.

those who announced them ... army

The large number of people told the Lord's message to others. They are spoken of as if there were a large army. Since this phrase is feminine, some versions translate it as, "the women who announced them ... army." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Kings of armies ... why did you do this?

The information in Psalms 68:12-13 has been rearranged so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-versebridge/01.md]])

Kings of armies flee, they flee

The kings represent themselves and their entire armies. It is understood that they flee because they are defeated by Israel's army. AT: "Kings and their armies flee from us because they are defeated" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

plunder

things that are taken from the defeated army and brought to the victorious army's home.

doves covered with silver ... gold

This means that some of the plunder is very valuable because it is covered with precious metals.

When some of you people stayed among the sheepfolds, why did you do this?

This question is used to rebuke the people who did not participate in the battle. AT: "Those who stayed among the sheepfolds should not have stayed; they should have gone to the battle." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 68:14-16

scattered kings there ... snowed on Mount Zalmon

There were so many dead kings and soldiers on the mountain that they are spoken of as if they were snow covering the mountain. AT: "defeated so many enemy kings and soldiers there that they were like snowflakes covering Mount Zalmon" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

scattered kings

Here "kings" refers to their armies as well. AT: "scattered the enemy kings and their armies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Mount Zalmon

This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 68:28-29

Your God, Israel, has decreed your strength

Some versions understand the Hebrew text differently: "Summon your strength, God" or "Use your strength, God"

Your God, Israel, has decreed

"People of Israel, your God has decreed"

to us ... to us

The word "us" refers to the writer and the people of Israel, but not to Yahweh, to whom he is speaking. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])

Reveal your power to us from your temple at Jerusalem

"When you are present in the temple at Jerusalem, show us your power"

Reveal your power

The abstract noun "power" can be stated as "strong." AT: "Show us that you are strong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 68:30-31

the wild beasts in the reeds

Many scholars believe these wild beasts are a metaphor that refers to the people of Egypt. This can be made explicit. AT: "the people of Egypt who are like wild beasts in the reeds" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the peoples, that multitude of bulls and calves

The peoples of other nations are spoken of as if they were a large group of cattle. AT: "the powerful nations, who are like herds of bulls" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

scatter

to disperse or to cause something to spread quickly in different direction

Princes will come out of Egypt

It is implied that these princes come from Egypt in order to offer gifts to God in Jerusalem. AT: "Then the leaders of Egypt will bring gifts to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Cush

This refers to the people of Cush. AT: "The Cushites" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

reach out with her hands to God

This is a symbolic action that represents worship to God. AT: "lift up her hands to praise God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 68:32-33

you kingdoms of the earth

Here "kingdoms" refers to the citizens of the kingdoms. AT: "you people who are citizens of kingdoms all over the world" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

To him who rides on the heaven of heavens

The word "Sing" is implied as the beginning of this verse. Here God is described as if he rides in a chariot in the sky. AT: "Sing to God who rides across the sky in his chariot" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he lifts up his voice with power

This idiom means he speaks powerfully. AT: "he shouts powerfully" or "he speaks loudly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 68:34-35

Ascribe strength to God

"Ascribe" means to give credit to someone. AT: "Strength belongs to God"

his strength is in the skies

The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as "powerful." AT: "in the skies he also shows that he is powerful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

God, you are fearsome in your holy place

Here the author speaks directly to God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]])

strength and power

These two words mean basically these same thing. They emphasize how much strength God provides to his people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 69

Psalms 69:intro-0

Psalm 069 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 69 is a psalm of deliverance. The author prays to be saved from his enemies and for them to be punished. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/save.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Deliverance

The author prays for God to rescue him from his enemies. They show him no mercy, and he asks God to show them no mercy. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/mercy.md]])

Psalms 69:1-2

General Information:

This psalm is a prayer for help.

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

set to Shoshannim

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 45:1.

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

for the waters have put my life in danger

The writer describes the troubles in his life as if he were drowning in a flood of water. AT: "for it feels like I am drowning in the waters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I sink in deep mire

The writer describes the troubles in his life as if he were sinking in deep mud. AT: "For it feels like I am sinking in deep mud and will die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

mire

thick mud

there is no place to stand

The writer uses a negative statement to stress how unstable and uncertain his condition is. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

I have come into deep waters, where the floods flow over me

The writer describes his problems as if he was drowning in a deep, raging river. AT: "t feels like I am in deep waters, and the floodwaters flow over me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 69:3-4

weary

very tired

my eyes fail

This idiom means the writer has cried so much that his eyes do not see well any longer. AT: "my eyes are swollen from tears" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

more than the hairs on my head

This is an exaggeration to express how many enemies the writer has. AT: "more than I can count, like the hairs on my head" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

cut me off

This idiom means "kill me." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 69:5-6

my foolishness

The abstract noun "foolishness" can be stated as "foolish." AT: "the foolish things that I have done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

my sins are not hidden from you

This can be expressed as a positive statement. AT: "you know all my sins" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

Let not those ... let not those

"Do not let those ... do not let those"

Let not those who hope in you be put to shame because of me

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Please do not allow anyone to put those who wait for you to shame because of me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

let not those who seek you be brought to dishonor because of me

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Please do not allow anyone to bring dishonor on those who seek you because of me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

those who seek you

Seeking God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. AT: 1) "those who ask you for help" or 2) "those who worship and obey you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 69:7-9

For your sake

"On your behalf" or "For you"

I have borne rebuke

The rebukes of the writer's enemies are spoken of as if they are a heavy load that he has had to carry. AT: "I have endured the insults of my enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

shame has covered my face

The writer speaks of the shame that he feels as if it is a foul thing on his face that everyone can clearly see. AT: "I am thoroughly humiliated" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I have become a stranger to my brothers

The writer speaks of himself as if he were not part of his own family. AT: "My brothers no longer know or accept me at all" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

a stranger to my brothers ... an alien to my mother's children

These two phrases mean the same thing. They are repeated to stress his separation from his own family. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

an alien to my mother's children

It is implied that "I have become" should be understood here. The writer speaks of himself as if he were not part of his own family. AT: "my brothers no longer know or trust me at all" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the zeal of your house has eaten me up

The writer speaks of his zeal for God's temple as if it was a wild animal that devours the writer. AT: "the zeal I have for your house consumes me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

has eaten me up

This idiom means that the writer's zeal for the temple takes over all of his thoughts and actions. AT: "completely controls all that I think and do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

the rebukes ... have fallen on me

The writer speaks of the rebukes of Gods' enemies as if they were rocks that were thrown at the writer. AT: "those who rebuke you have also thrown their rebukes at me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 69:10-12

I wept and did not eat food

The fact that the writer was fasting indicates that he was sad about the way people treated God's temple. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

they insulted me

"my enemies rebuked me because of it"

I made sackcloth my clothing

Wearing rough, cheap clothing was a symbol of mourning over sin. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

I became the object of a proverb

The writer speak of himself as if he was the sad or foolish person in a proverb. AT: "I became the example of a sad person spoken of in their proverbs" or "they laugh at me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Those who sit in the city gate

Here "city gate" is associated with leadership of a town. AT: "The important people of the city" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I am a song of drunkards

The writer speaks of himself as if he was the person about whom the drunkards sing mocking songs. AT: "the drunkards of the city sing disgusting songs about me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 69:13-15

at a time that you will accept

"in your accepted time" or "when you are willing"

answer me in the trustworthiness of your salvation

The abstract nouns "trustworthiness" and "salvation" can be stated as "faithfully" and "rescue." AT: "rescue me because you faithfully love me, as you have promised to do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Pull me out ... do not let me sink

These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Pull me out of the mire, and do not let me sink

The writer speaks of his danger from his enemies as if he was sinking into a pit of mud. "Do not allow me to sink anymore in the mud" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

let me be taken away

Here "take away" refers to being removed from danger. This can be stated in active form. AT: "take me away" or "rescue me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

rescued out

It is understood that "let me be" is implied here. It can be stated in active form. AT: "please rescue me out" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the deep water ... the floods of water ... the deep

These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

rescued out of the deep waters

The writer speaks about his danger from his enemies as if he was drowning in deep water. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the floods of water overwhelm me

The writer speaks about his danger from his enemies as if flood waters were covering him completely. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the deep swallow me up

The writer speaks of the deep as if it was a deadly animal that was about to eat him. AT: "the deep waters swallow me up like a dangerous animal" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Do not let the pit shut its mouth on me

Here the "pit" is spoken of as if it has a mouth like a person and could eat the writer. AT: "Do not let the pit consume me" or "Do not let the pit of death close over me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 69:16-17

your covenant faithfulness is good

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. AT: "you are good and faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

your mercies for me are many

"you are very merciful to me"

turn to me

The idea of turning towards someone means to pay attention to them or help them. AT: "help me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Do not hide your face from your servant

To hide one's face means to refuse to hear or help someone. AT: "Please help your servant" or "Please help me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

in distress

"in great trouble"

translationWords

Psalms 69:18-19

redeem me

The writer asks God to redeem him as if the writer were a slave whose freedom God could purchase. AT: "free me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

ransom me

The writer asks God to ransom him as if the writer were a captive whose release could be paid for with money. AT: "rescue me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my rebuke, my shame, and my dishonor

These abstract nouns can be stated as actions. AT: "how people have rebuked me, shamed me, and dishonored me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

my adversaries are all before you

Here "before you" means that God sees and knows all about them. AT: "you know who all my enemies are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 69:20-21

broken my heart

This idiom means a person is extremely sad. AT: "offended me deeply" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

I am full of heaviness

The writer's great sadness is spoken of as if he was full of a heavy weight. AT: "I am heavy with sorrow" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

to take pity

to feel sorrow or sadness

They gave me poison for my food

This is probably figurative. The food that people gave to the writer was so bad that it tasted like poison. AT: "They gave me food that tasted like poison" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 69:22-23

Let their table before them become a snare ... let it become a trap

The writer would like for his enemies' food to completely ruin them as if they were small animals caught in a snare or a trap. AT: "May their food ruin them like a snare ... may it destroy them like a trap" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

their table

This refers to food that was served on the tables, possibly at a feast. AT: "their own food" or "sacrificial feasts" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Let their eyes be darkened

The writer speaks of eyes that cannot see well as if they were darkened. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Please make them unable to see anything" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

make their loins shake

Weak backs are spoken of as if they are shaking in weakness. AT: "cause their backs to be too weak for them to do anything" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

their loins

"their sides" or "their backs"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/snare.md]]

Psalms 69:24-25

Pour out your indignation on them

God's demonstration of his anger is described as if he poured it out on his enemies like water. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

indignation

"rage" or "anger"

the fierceness of your anger

"your burning anger" or "your strong anger"

overtake them

God's judgment on his enemies is described as if he ran after them and caught them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

be a desolation

This abstract noun can be stated as "abandoned." AT: "become abandoned" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 69:26-27

they persecuted the one

"they persecuted the man"

you struck down

Here to be "struck down" refers to punishment. AT: "you punished" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

those you have wounded

Here to be "wounded" refers to causing them to suffer. AT: "those you have caused to suffer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Accuse them of having committed iniquity after iniquity

"Keep making a record of all their sins"

iniquity after iniquity

"very many sins"

do not let them come into your righteous victory

To come into God's victory is an idiom that means to receive a reward from him. AT: "do not let them receive your righteous reward" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 69:28-29

Let them be blotted out of

Here "them" refers to the names of the enemies. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Wipe out their names in" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

not be written down

It is inferred that "let them" is understood. This can be stated in active form. AT: "do not write down their names" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

let your salvation, God, set me up on high

The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated with the verb "save." Here "on high" refers to a place of safety." AT: "God, save me and put me in a safe place" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 69:30-31

the name of God

Here "name" refers to God himself. AT: "God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

with thanksgiving

This abstract noun can be stated with the verb "thank." AT: "by thanking him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

better than an ox or a bull

It is understood that the ox and the bull are to be offered to God as sacrifices. AT: "better than sacrificing an ox or sacrificing a bull" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

a bull that has horns and hooves

This phrase distinguishes the full grown bulls from other younger cows. AT: "a bull that is full grown with horns and hooves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-distinguish/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 69:32-33

The meek

This refers to meek people in general. AT: "Meek people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

you who seek after God

Seeking God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. AT: "you who ask God for help" or "you who think about God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

let your hearts live

Here "hearts" refer to the people. Here "live" is an idiom that means to be encouraged. AT: "may you be encouraged" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

Yahweh hears

Here "hears" means to respond. AT: "Yahweh answers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the needy

This refers to needy people in general. AT: "needy people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

his prisoners

"those who have suffered for him"

translationWords

Psalms 69:34-36

Let heaven and earth praise him ... the seas

Here heaven and earth and the seas are spoken of as if they are people who are able to praise God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

the seas and everything that moves in them

It is implied that "Let ... praise him" should be understood here. AT: "let he seas and everything that moves in them praise him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

God will save Zion

Here "Zion" refers to the people in Zion. AT: "God will save the people of Zion" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

have it as a possession

The word "it" refers to the land of Judah.

who love his name

Here "name" refers to God himself. AT: "who love God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 70

Psalms 70:intro-0

Psalm 070 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 70 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist asks God to deliver him from his enemies.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Help

The author needs help and needs it immediately.

# Psalm 40

This psalm is an almost exact duplicate of Psalm 40:13-17.

Psalms 70:1-3

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

to bring to remembrance

"this psalm was written to cause people to remember"

those who

"the people who"

take my life

This idiom means "kill me." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

be ashamed and humiliated

This can be stated in active form. AT: "may God put them to shame and bring disgrace upon them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

let them be turned back and brought to dishonor

This can be stated in active form. AT: "may God turn them around and make them ashamed for what they have done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

turned back

To be stopped or thwarted is spoken of as being turned back from their attack. AT: "stopped" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

those who say, "Aha, aha."

This is an expression of mocking laughter. You may replace "Aha, aha" with whatever laughing sounds like in your language. AT: "those who mock and laugh at me"

translationWords

Psalms 70:4-5

seek you

Seeking God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. AT: "ask you for help" or "think about you and obey you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

rejoice and be glad

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of gladness. AT: "rejoice greatly" or "be very glad" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

love your salvation

The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as an action. AT: "love you because you saved them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

always say

This exaggeration emphasizes that it is important to praise God often. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

May God be praised

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Let everyone praise God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

poor and needy

Here the words "poor" and "needy" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is unable to help himself. AT: "very needy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

hurry to me

The writer speaks of God as if he were running to the writer in order to help him. AT: "come quickly to help me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you are my help and you rescue me

Here the phrase "you rescue me" explains how God is his "help." AT: "you help me by rescuing me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

do not delay

This can be stated in active form. AT: "please come quickly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 71

Psalms 71:intro-0

Psalm 071 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 71 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's help

God has helped the psalmist all his life. Now that he is old, his enemy thinks that God has abandoned him; but the psalmist trusts in God and will praise Yahweh with songs of praise. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/trust.md]])

Psalms 71:1-3

General Information:

This psalm is a prayer for help.

In you, Yahweh, I take refuge

Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you, Yahweh, for protection" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

let me never be put to shame

This can be stated in active form. See how "do not let me be humiliated" is translated in Psalms 25:2. AT: "never let my enemies put me to shame" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

make me safe in your righteousness

Possible meanings are 1) "make me safe because you always do what is right" or 2) "make me safe as I do what you want me to do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

turn your ear to me

Here "your ear" refers to God's willingness to hear someone who prays to him. See how this is translated in Psalms 17:6. AT: "pay attention to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Be to me a rock for refuge

The psalmist requests that Yahweh make him as safe as he would be if he were hiding in a large rock or cliff where his enemies could not find him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

rock ... rock

These are hills or mountains, not rocks one can hold in one's hand.

you have given a command

"you have commanded your angels"

save me

"keep me safe"

you are my rock and my fortress

The psalmist believes that Yahweh will protect him and make him as safe as if he were hiding on top of a large mountain or inside a man-made fortress. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 71:4-5

out of the hand of the wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous

Possible meanings are 1) the word "hand" is a metonym for power. AT: "from the power of the wicked, from the power of the unrighteous" or 2) "hand" refers to the person himself. AT: "from wicked people, from unrighteous ... people" or "so that wicked people and unrighteous ... people cannot harm me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous

"wicked; rescue me out of the hand of the unrighteous." You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

wicked ... unrighteous ... cruel

These adjectives can be translated as noun phrases. AT: "wicked people ... unrighteous people ... cruel people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

you are my hope

Here "hope" is a metonym for the one in whom the psalmist hopes. AT: "you are the one whom I confidently expect to help me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 71:6-7

By you I have been supported from the womb

This can be stated in active form. AT: "You have supported me from the womb" or "You have taken care of me ever since I came out of my mother's womb" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

you are he

"you are the one"

I am an example to many people

"Many people see how I live and want to live as I do"

translationWords

Psalms 71:8-9

My mouth will be filled with your praise ... with your honor

The psalmist speaks of his desire to praise and honor Yahweh with the words he speaks as if his mouth were full of words the way it can be full of food. AT: "My mouth will be filled with words that praise you ... that honor you" or "I will always praise you ... will always honor you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

your praise

Here "praise" refer to the words that he will use to praise Yahweh. AT: "words that tell people how great you are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

your honor

Here "honor" refer to the words that he will use to honor Yahweh. AT: "words that cause people to honor you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

all the day

"all day long" or "at all times"

Do not throw me away ... do not abandon me

These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Do not throw me away

"Do not force me to go away from you." For God to reject him is spoken of as God forcing him to go away. See how this is translated in Psalms 51:11. AT: "do not reject me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

do not abandon me

"do not leave me forever"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/honor.md]]

Psalms 71:10-11

watch for my life

It is implied that they are watching for an opportunity to take his life. The euphemism "to take a life" means to kill. AT: "watch for an opportunity to take my life" or "wait for an opportunity to kill me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

They say

This can be translated to make explicit that they are talking about him. AT: "They say about me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

pursue and take him

"follow him when he runs away, and kill him"

translationWords

Psalms 71:12-13

do not be far from me

hurry to help me

"help me soon"

Let them be put to shame and destroyed, those who are hostile to my life

"Let those who are hostile to my life be put to shame and destroyed"

Let them be put to shame and destroyed

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Put them to shame and destroy them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

those who are hostile to my life

The words "my life" represent the person. The idiom "hostile to my life" means that these are people who try to harm him by accusing him of wrongdoing. AT: "those who accuse me of doing wrong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

let them be covered with rebuke and dishonor, those who seek my hurt

"let those who seek my hurt be covered with rebuke and dishonor"

let them be covered with rebuke and dishonor

This can be stated in active form. The abstract nouns "rebuke" and "dishonor" can be stated as verbs. AT: "may everyone rebuke them, and may no one honor them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

those who seek my hurt

The noun "hurt" can be translated with a verb. AT: "those who are looking for ways to harm me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 71:14-16

more and more

"more all the time" or "always more than I have before"

My mouth will tell

The mouth is synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "I will tell" or "I will speak with my mouth and tell" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

your righteousness

This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "righteousness." AT: "how righteous you are" or "all the good things you do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

your salvation

The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as an action. AT: "how you have saved me" or "how you save people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

although

"even though"

I will come

Possible meanings are 1) "I will go to where people worship Yahweh" or 2) "I will go to my enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-go/01.md]])

with the mighty acts of the Lord Yahweh

Possible meanings are 1) "I will tell them of the mighty deeds the Lord Yahweh has done" or 2) "because the Lord Yahweh has given me strength to do mighty acts."

will make mention of

"will talk about"

translationWords

Psalms 71:17-18

taught me

The implied information may be stated clearly. "taught me many things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

God, do not forsake me

"God, please do not forsake me"

I have been declaring your strength

The abstract noun "strength" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "I have been telling how strong you are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

to the next generation

"to those who are children today"

your power to everyone who is to come

The omitted information may be stated clearly. AT: "and as I declare your power to everyone who is to come" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

everyone who is to come

This exaggeration refers to everyone the writer can speak to. AT: "so as many people as I can tell will know" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 71:19-20

Your righteousness also, God, is very high

The psalmist speaks of the good things God has done as though they were put together as a high building or a mountain. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

who is like you?

This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "there is no one like you!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

revive

strengthen or make lively again

from the depths of the earth

"The depths of the earth" here is a metaphor for where people go when they die. The psalmist had not already died, but in this exaggeration he speaks as if he had. AT: "when we are near death" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/trouble.md]]

Psalms 71:21-22

May you increase ... turn again and comfort

"I want you to increase ... I want you to turn again and comfort." Some translations read, "You will increase ... you will turn again and comfort."

turn again and comfort me

This describes one action through two phrases. AT: "comfort me again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hendiadys/01.md]])

to you I will sing praises with the harp, Holy One of Israel

"to you, who is the Holy One of Israel, I will sing praises while I play the harp"

translationWords

Psalms 71:23-24

My lips will shout for joy

"Lips" represent the whole person. AT: "I will shout for joy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

even my soul, which you have redeemed

The words the psalmist has omitted can be stated clearly. AT: "and my soul, which you have redeemed, will sing praises" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

my soul

Here "soul" refers to the whole person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

My tongue will also talk

Here "tongue" refers to the whole person. AT: "I will also talk" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

they have been put to shame and are confused, those who sought my hurt

"those who sought my hurt have been put to shame and are confused"

for they have been put to shame and are confused

This can be stated in active form. AT: "for God has put to shame and confused them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

those who sought my hurt

This refers to the enemies of the writer. (Psalms 71:10). See how "those who seek my hurt" is translated in Psalms 71:13.

translationWords

Psalms 72

Psalms 72:intro-0

Psalm 072 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 72 is a psalm for the king when he begins to be the king. David wrote it as a blessing on his son, Solomon. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/bless.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Blessings for the king

May the king be honored throughout the world. May he help the poor. May there be prosperity while he is king.

# Close of Book Two

The whole collection of Psalms has been divided into several "books." This is the last psalm of the second book. It is attributed to Solomon, the son of David.

Psalms 72:1-3

General Information:

Possible meanings for the header "a psalm of Solomon" are 1) David wrote this psalm about Solomon ("the king's son") or 2) Solomon (who, as David's son, was "the king's son") wrote this psalm as a prayer about himself or 3) another king wrote it about his son in the style of Solomon. People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

Give the king your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to the king's son

Possible meanings are 1) "Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to my son" or 2) "Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to me, the king's son." People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

Give the king your righteous decrees

"Enable the king to judge rightly"

your righteousness to the king's son

The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Here the word "righteousness" refers to making righteous decisions. AT: "give your righteousness to the king's son" or "enable the king's son to rule with righteousness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

May he judge

If David wrote this, he is talking about his son, "the king's son," he is speaking of the time when his son will be king. If Solomon wrote it, even though he is writing about himself, it would be best to translate as though he were writing about someone else. Either way, "May the king judge" is the best translation.

your people ... your poor

The psalmist is speaking to God.

your poor

The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The adjective "poor" refers to poor people. AT: "may he judge your poor people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

May the mountains produce peace ... may the hills produce righteousness

The psalmist speaks of the people of Israel as if they were the mountains and hills on which they live. He speaks of the mountains and the hills as if they were the entire land of Israel, as if that land were a garden that produces fruit, and of peace and righteousness as if they are that fruit. AT: "May the people of the land live in peace ... may they do everything in a righteous way" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 72:4-5

he ... he

These refer to the one who will "judge" (Psalms 72:2).

break in pieces the oppressor

The writer speaks of the king defeating or punishing people who oppress others as if those people were objects that the king would break into pieces. AT: "punish the person who oppresses others" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

while the sun endures, and as long as the moon lasts

The sun and the moon are metonyms for the day and the night, which together are a merism for all time. AT: "forever, and without ending" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 72:6-7

May he come down like rain on the mown grass

The king will be good, and he will do good things for his people as if he were rain doing good for freshly cut grass. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

May he come

"I desire that he come"

like showers that water

"May he come down like showers that water." The king will be good, and he will do good things for his people as if he were rain doing good for the ground. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

the righteous

The adjective "righteous" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "righteous people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

in his days

Possible meanings are 1) "while the king rules" or 2) "as long as the righteous person lives" or "as long as the righteous people live."

may there be an abundance of peace

The psalmist speaks as if peace were a physical object like food. An "abundance" is when there is much of something. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "abundance" and "peace." AT: "may righteous people live peacefully" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

till the moon is no more

"as long as the moon shines" or "forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 72:8-10

May he have dominion

"May the king have dominion"

from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth

Both of these expressions are merisms and refer to the whole earth. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

from sea to sea

from the Dead Sea and the Sea of Kinnereth in the east to the Mediterranean Sea in the west.

the River

"the Euphrates River," which the Israelites would travel to on land by going north

the ends of the earth

as far as people could travel on land by different routes to the south. The Israelites spoke of the earth as if it were a flat surface with ends. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

lick the dust

This is a metaphor for extreme humiliation. AT: "do everything they can so he will allow them to live" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Tarshish

the name of a place (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

render

"give"

offer gifts

"give gifts"

Seba

This is the name of a country. It is not the same country as Sheba. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 72:11-12

fall down before him

"bow down before him" or "honor him as their king"

all nations

Here the word "nations" represents the people who live in the nations. AT: "the people who live in every nation" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

no other helper

"no one else to help him"

translationWords

Psalms 72:13-14

He has pity on the poor and needy

"He wants to stop the poor and needy from suffering"

the poor and needy

Here the nominal adjectives "poor" and "needy" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that they are unable to help themselves. AT: "those who are poor and those who are needy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

redeems their lives

Here "lives" refers to the whole person. AT: "redeems them" or "saves them" or "rescues them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

oppression and violence

These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the needy suffer. These abstract nouns can be stated as verbs. AT: "those who oppress them and hurt them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

their blood is precious in his sight

Here "their blood" is a metonym for their well-being. The sight of Yahweh represents his judgment or evaluation. AT: "their well-being is very important to him" or "he wants them to live well" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

in his sight

See how this phrase is translated in Psalms 19:14.

translationWords

Psalms 72:15-16

May he live!

This saying was used to honor the king by expressing a desire to have him live a long time. AT: "May the king live a long time!" or "I desire that the king live a long time!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

May the gold of Sheba be given to him

This can be stated in active form. AT: "May they give him the gold of Sheba" or "May he receive the gold of Sheba" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

all day long

This idiom means "continually" and does not refer only to one day. AT: "continually" or "all the time" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

abundance of grain

An "abundance" is when there is much of something. This abstract noun can be stated as "much" or "plenty" AT: "much grain" or "plenty of grain" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

crops

plants that people grow for food

wave

Use the word for what long grass does when a gentle wind blows on it and it moves slowly back and forth.

like Lebanon

"like the cedar trees in Lebanon." These trees were beautiful and had wood that was good for building. The meaning of this can be made clear. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the people flourish in the cities like the grass of the field

The prosperity of the people in the cities is spoken of as if they were grass that grows abundantly in the fields. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 72:17

May his name endure forever

This saying is used to honor God by expressing the desire for people to always remember him. AT: "May people always know about him" or "May people never forget who he is" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

his name

Here "his name" refers to God's reputation. AT: "the king's name" or "the king's reputation" or "the king's fame" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

as long as the sun

The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "as long as the sun endures" or "as long as the sun shines" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

may people be blessed in him

This can be stated in active form. AT: "may God cause him to do good things for people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

call him blessed

"recognize that God has blessed them"

translationWords

Psalms 72:18-20

General Information:

These verses are more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 2 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 42 and ends with Psalm 72.

May Yahweh God, the God of Israel, be blessed

This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people bless Yahweh God, the God of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

May his glorious name be blessed forever

This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people bless his glorious name forever" or, treating "name" as a metonym for Yahweh himself, "May people forever know how glorious he is" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

his glorious name be blessed

"he, who is glorious, be blessed"

may the whole earth be filled with his glory

This can be stated in active form. AT: "may his glory fill the whole earth" or "may he fill the whole earth with his glory" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Amen and Amen

The word "Amen" is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. See how you translated this in Psalms 41:13. AT: "May it certainly be so"

The prayers of David son of Jesse are finished

This can be stated in active form. AT: "David, the son of Jesse has finished his prayers" or "This is the last prayer of the David the son of Jesse" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 73

Psalms 73:intro-0

Psalm 073 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 73 is a wisdom psalm. It explains the problem of wicked people who seem to prosper. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])

Psalms 73:8-9

slippery places

"unsafe or unstable ground." See how "slipped" is translated in Psalms 73:2.

How they become a wilderness in a moment

The word "wilderness" is a metaphor for a person who has lost everything good. AT: "How quickly they are destroyed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

like a dream after one wakes up

The wicked will last no longer than what a person sees in a dream. It disappears as soon as the person wakes up. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 73:21-22

my heart was grieved

The word "heart" represents the person emphasizing their thoughts and feelings. AT: "I was very sad" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

I was deeply wounded

The psalmist speaks of emotional pain as if it were physical pain by being pierced with a knife or arrow. AT: "I felt like someone had wounded me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

ignorant and lacked insight

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how little he knew. AT: "very ignorant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

lacked insight

"understood nothing"

you

This "you" refers to God.

translationWords

Psalms 73:23-24

I am always with you

The word "I" here represents Asaph. The word "you" here represents God.

you hold my right hand

The person's "right hand" refers to the whole person. This shows an intimate relationship with God that offers stability and security. AT: "You hold me close" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

receive me to glory

Possible meanings are 1) "put me where people will honor me" or 2) "honor me by taking me to where you are." See how "receive me" is translated in Psalms 49:15.

translationWords

Psalms 73:25-26

Whom have I in heaven but you?

You can translate this as a statement. AT: "There is no one for me in heaven but you!" or "You are the only one I have in heaven!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

in heaven

"among the gods" or "among the supernatural beings"

My flesh and my heart

These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they represent the whole person. AT: "My body and my mind" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 73:27-28

General Information:

Asaph continues to talk about God.

Those who are far from you

Here the idea of staying far from God is compared to being unwilling to obey him. AT: "Those who do not want to obey you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my refuge

The writer speaks of Yahweh as if he were a place to which a person could flee for safety. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 74

Psalms 74:intro-0

Psalm 074 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 74 is a psalm of deliverance. The people have been completely conquered and they pray for God to deliver them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# God's power

The enemies have destroyed God's temple and are insulting the people. God is powerful. He made everything and he chose Israel for his people. He should avenge himself on these enemies that have burnt his temple. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/temple.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/peopleofgod.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/avenge.md]])

# Superscription

This is called a "Maschil." The word in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.

Psalms 74:1-2

General Information:

A maschil of Asaph

"This is a maschil that Asaph wrote."

A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

God, why have you rejected us forever?

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "God, we have done nothing wrong, but you have rejected us forever!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Why does your anger burn against the sheep of your pasture?

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "We are the ones you have promised to care for, and we have done nothing wrong, but now you are angry with us!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

the sheep of your pasture

Asaph speaks of the people of Israel as if they were sheep. AT: "against Israel, who are like the sheep whom you feed in your pasture" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Call to mind

"Pay attention to." God has not forgotten his people, but he does not seem to be thinking about them.

your own heritage

"yours forever"

translationWords

Psalms 74:3-6

General Information:

These verses describe an actual event, a physical attack on the temple of Israel in Jerusalem.

Come look

Asaph is addressing God, asking him to come look at the destruction.

roared

The adversaries were shouting loudly with a great cry of victory.

engravings

This refers to carvings on wood, metal, or stone in the temple.

translationWords

Psalms 74:7-8

General Information:

Asaph continues to describe the destruction of the temple.

They ... they ... They ... They

Here "they" refers to the adversaries mentioned in Psalms 74:4.

They said in their hearts

This is an idiom. AT: "They said to themselves" or "They thought to themselves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 74:9-11

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/desert.md]]

Psalms 74:16-17

General Information:

Asaph continues to recount God's creative power.

the borders of the earth

"the boundaries of the land and the sea"

Psalms 74:18-19

General Information:

Asaph is pleading for God's help.

Type of psalm

Psalm 75 is a wisdom psalm; teaching what will happen to evil people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Punishment

God has warned the evil people that they will be punished. He will strengthen the good people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/good.md]])

Psalms 75:1-3

General Information:

The people of God are speaking in 75:1, and God speaks in 75:2-3.

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

set to Al Tashheth

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 57:1.

A psalm of Asaph

"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." See how this is translated in Psalms Psalm 53.

all the inhabitants

"all the people who live on it"

make steady the earth's pillars

"keep the earth from being destroyed" or AT: "keep my people safe" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Selah

This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in Psalms 3:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 75:4-6

I said to the arrogant ... and to the wicked

The words "the arrogant" and "the wicked" are nominal adjectives that can be translated with nouns. The verb for the second phrase may be supplied from the first. AT: "I said to the arrogant people ... and I said to the wicked people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

I said

Possible meanings are 1) God is speaking or 2) Asaph is speaking.

Do not be arrogant ... Do not lift ... Do not lift up your ... do not speak

The speaker is speaking to many wicked people, so these forms are all plural. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-pronouns/01.md]])

Do not lift up the horn

Asaph speaks of wicked people as if they were animals with horns on their heads, stretching their necks and holding their heads high to frighten other animals. AT: "Do not be confident" or "Do not boast about how strong you are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Do not lift up your horn to the heights

Asaph speaks of wicked people as if they were animals with horns on their heads, stretching their necks and holding their heads as high as they can to frighten other animals. AT: "Be especially sure not to boast that you are greater than God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

with an insolent neck

Asaph speaks of wicked people who defy or challenge God as if they were animals with horns on their heads, stretching their necks and holding their heads high to frighten other animals. AT: "arrogantly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

It is not from the east ... that lifting up comes

Asaph speaks of the one who lifts up as if he were the action of lifting up. He also speaks of God giving strength and honor to a person as if God were physically lifting that person up. AT: "The one who will lift you up will not be someone who comes from the east" or "The one who will make you strong and have people honor you will not be someone who comes from the east" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 75:7-8

General Information:

Asaph speaks about God.

he brings down and he lifts up

The objects of the verbs can be stated clearly: "he brings some people down and he lifts other people up." The words "brings down" and "raises up" are metaphors for God making people powerful and taking away their power. AT: "he makes one man king in place of another man" or "he takes away one man's power and gives power to another man" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

a cup of foaming wine ... mixed with spices

When Yahweh punishes the people they will be like people who have drunk strong wine and become ill. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

foaming wine

The foam is a metaphor for the power of the wine to make people drunk, AT: "strong wine" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

spices

dried leaves or ground seeds

pours it out

pours it from a large container into the cups that the people will drink from

drink it to the last drop

"drink every drop of it"

translationWords

Psalms 75:9-10

He says

God says

cut off all the horns of

The horns of an animal are a metaphor for the power of a person. AT: "take away all power from" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the horns of the righteous will be raised up

The horns of an animal are a metaphor for the power of a person. This can be translated as a statement in active form. AT: "I will raise up the horns of the righteous" or "I will make the righteous powerful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 76

Psalms 76:intro-0

Psalm 076 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 76 is a worship psalm.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's greatness

God is great. He has conquered all the nations surrounding Israel. Everyone should bring him gifts.

Psalms 76:1-3

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

on stringed instruments

"people should play stringed instruments with this song."

A psalm of Asaph

"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote" See how this is translated in Psalms 53:1.

made himself known in Judah

"caused the people of Judah to know who he is" or "made himself famous in Judah"

his name is great in Israel

The words "his name" are a metonym for his reputation. AT: "the people of Israel consider him good and powerful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

his dwelling place

"the place where he has chosen to live"

There he broke the arrows of the bow, the shield, the sword, and the other weapons of war

These words are probably a metaphor for God causing the people of Judah to live in peace without being afraid of enemies making war on them, but the words should be translated literally. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Selah

translationWords

Psalms 76:4-5

General Information:

Asaph speaks of God as if God was a soldier returning from a mountain after winning a great battle.

You shine brightly and reveal your glory

The second phrase strengthens the first phrase in that Yahweh's glory relates to Yahweh shining brightly. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

You shine brightly

The words "shine brightly" are a metaphor for being great. AT: "You show how extremely great you are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

The bravehearted were plundered

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Your people killed the brave soldiers of their enemies and then took all their possessions" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

fell asleep

Here "fell asleep" is a euphemism for died. AT: "died" or "fell down dead" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 76:6-7

At your rebuke

The abstract noun "rebuke" refers to saying something in an angry or critical way. AT: "When you rebuked them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

fell asleep

This phrase is a polite way to say that they died. AT: "died" or "fell down dead" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

who can stand in your sight when you are angry?

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "No one can stand in your sight when you are angry." or "You can destroy anyone at whom you are angry." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 76:8-9

you made your judgment heard

"you pronounced judgment" or "you announced how you were going to punish wicked people"

the earth was

Here "the earth" is a metonym for the people living on the earth. AT: "the people of the earth were" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

execute judgment

"carry out judgment" or "punish wicked people"

Selah

translationWords

Psalms 76:10

Surely your angry judgment

"It is certain that your angry judgment"

your angry judgment against humanity will bring you praise

Possible meanings are 1) "people will praise you because you are angry at the wicked and judge them" or 2) "people who are angry with you will do things that cause people to praise you."

you gird yourself with what is left of your anger

Yahweh's anger is spoken of as something that he can tie around himself like a belt. AT: "you tie your remaining anger around you like a belt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 76:11-12

him who is to be feared

"Yahweh, whom they should fear"

He cuts off the spirit of the princes

The phrase "He cuts off the spirit" is an idiom that means He breaks the spirit or He humbles. AT: "He humbles the princes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

he is feared by the kings of the earth

This can be stated in active form. AT: "the kings of the earth fear him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 77

Psalms 77:intro-0

Psalm 077 General Notes

Type of psalm

The author felt abandoned by God. This is a psalm of lament. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/lament.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Lament

God used to be close to the psalmist, but now it seems that God has completely abandoned him. Long ago, God took care of Israel and brought the people safely through the sea.

Psalms 77:1

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

Jeduthun

A psalm of Asaph

"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." See how this is translated in Psalms 53:1.

translationWords

Psalms 77:2-3

I stretched my hands out

"I prayed with my arms extended"

My soul refused to be comforted

The "soul" represents the person. This can be stated in active form. AT: "I would not allow anyone to try to comfort me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

I thought of God as I groaned; I thought about him as I grew faint

These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

as I grew faint

"as my spirit grew faint" or "as my spirit was overwhelmed"

Selah

This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in Psalms 3:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 77:4-5

General Information:

After speaking about God, Asaph speaks to God in verse 4 and then returns to speaking about God.

You held my eyes open

"I said to God, 'You held my eyes open.'"

held my eyes open

Open eyes is a metonym for being unable to sleep. AT: "kept me from sleeping" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the days of old, about times long past

If necessary, "days of old" and "times long past" can be combined. AT: "about things that happened a very long time ago" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 77:6-7

I called to mind

This is an idiom for remembering. AT: "I remembered" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

what had happened

Another possible meaning is "what was happening."

Will the Lord reject me forever? Will he never again show me favor?

These two phrases express feeling rejection from the Lord. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

show me favor

"do things that show that he is pleased with me"

translationWords

Psalms 77:8-9

General Information:

Because Asaph was not sure of the answer to these questions, they are probably literal questions and should be translated literally.

Was his covenant faithfulness gone forever?

Asaph speaks of Yahweh no longer acting faithfully to his covenant as if Yahweh's covenant faithfulness had gone away. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Has he stopped being faithful to his covenant forever?" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Had God forgotten to be gracious? Had his anger shut off his compassion?

These are two expressions stating similar concept of God not showing compassion. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Had his anger shut off his compassion

Asaph speaks of anger as if it were a person shutting a door to keep another person, compassion, from coming out, AT: "Had God stopped showing us compassion because he was angry with us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 77:10

I said

Possible meanings are 1) the psalmist was speaking to himself or 2) the psalmist was speaking to Yahweh.

the changing of the right hand of the Most High toward us

The "right hand" is a metonym for power, authority or strength. AT: "the Most High no longer uses his power to help us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/mosthigh.md]]

Psalms 77:11-12

General Information:

The writer begins to speak to Yahweh.

call to mind

"remember" See how this is translated in Psalms 74:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

your wonderful deeds of old

"the wonderful things you did long ago"

I will ponder all your deeds and will reflect on them.

These two phrases express the concept of meditating on what Yahweh has done. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

ponder

"think deeply about"

reflect on them

"think of what they mean"

translationWords

Psalms 77:13-15

General Information:

The writer continues to speak to Yahweh.

what god compares to our great God?

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "no god compares to our great God." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

revealed your strength among the peoples

The abstract noun "strength" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "shown people from many people groups how strong you are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

gave your people victory ... the descendants

"gave us, your people, victory ... us who are the descendants"

gave your people victory

The abstract noun "victory" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "caused your people to be victorious" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the descendants of Jacob and Joseph

This refers to the entire nation of Israel.

translationWords

Psalms 77:16-17

The waters saw you ... they were afraid ... the depths trembled

Asaph speaks of the water as if it were a person who saw something that terrified him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

the waters saw you, and they were afraid; the depths trembled

"water" and "depth" refers to large bodies of water such as the sea or ocean. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

depths

"deepest waters"

The clouds poured down water

Asaph speaks of the clouds as if they were people pouring water out of containers. AT: "Much rain fell" or "It rained very hard" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

your arrows flew about

This is a metaphor that describes lightning as God's arrows. AT: "the lightning you made flashed like arrows" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

flew

Use your language's word for what an arrow does after someone shoots it.

translationWords

Psalms 77:18-20

thunderous voice

This is personification, referring to the thunder as the voice of God. AT: "voice, which was as loud as thunder" or "very loud voice" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

lightning lit up the world

This is an exaggeration to emphasize that the lightning lit up everything the writer could see. AT: "lightning lit up everything as far as you could see" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

Your path ... your way

These two phrases have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

your footprints

Asaph is speaking of Yahweh as if Yahweh was a person with feet. While this is personification, it should be translated literally, if possible. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

your footprints were not seen

This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one saw your footprints" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

You led your people like a flock

This simile compares God's people to a flock of animals. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

by the hand of

The phrase "by the hand of" here means "by the action of" or "through the action of."

hand

Here "hand" is synechdoche for the whole person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 78

Psalms 78:intro-0

Psalm 078 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 78 is a wisdom psalm using Israel's history. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Israel's complaining

Although God did one miracle after the other, the people of Israel still complained and failed to believe Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/believe.md]])

# Superscription

Psalms 78:1-2

General Information:

A maschil of Asaph

"This is a maschil that Asaph wrote." See how "a psalm of Asaph" is translated in Psalms 50:1.

A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

Hear my teaching

The noun "teaching" can be translated with a verb. AT: "Hear what I teach" or "Hear me as I teach you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the words of my mouth

The word "mouth" represents the person. AT: "my words" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

open my mouth in parables

The idiom "open my mouth" means to speak. AT: "speak in parables" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

sing about

"tell." See how "pours out" is translated in Psalms 19:2.

hidden things

If your language has a word for sayings that are purposely difficult to understand, you might use it here.

translationWords

Psalms 78:3-4

General Information:

Verse 3 continues the sentence begun in verse 2.

We will not keep them from their descendants

This can be written in positive form. AT: "We will certainly tell our descendants about them"

the praiseworthy deeds of Yahweh

"the things we praise Yahweh for"

translationWords

Psalms 78:5-6

he established

"Yahweh established"

covenant decrees

Other possible meanings are "testimonies" or "laws."

translationWords

Psalms 78:7-8

General Information:

The writer speaks of the "children" of Psalms 78:5-6.

translationWords

Psalms 78:9-11

The Ephraimites ... day of battle

This is possibly a metaphor for not keeping the covenant (verse 10), but it is best to translate literally.

The Ephraimites

"The Ephraimite soldiers"

were armed with bows

The soldiers probably also had arrows. AT: "had bows and arrows for weapons" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 78:12-14

land of Zoan

This refers to the area around the city of Zoan, which was in Egypt. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 78:15-16

He split

"God split"

enough to fill the depths of the sea

This is probably hyperbole. AT: "more water than they could possibly drink" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

streams

small rivers

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/desert.md]]

Psalms 78:17-18

They challenged God

They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him.

in their hearts

"with their whole hearts"

translationWords

Psalms 78:26-28

He caused

"God caused"

He rained down meat on them like dust

The writer speaks of Yahweh causing birds to fall from the sky as if the birds were rain that Yahweh caused to fall. He compares the large amount of birds to dust. AT: "He caused meat to fall from the sky like rain, and there was so much of it that it covered the ground like dust" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

meat

birds

as numerous as the sands of the sea

No one can count the grains of sand. There were more birds than anyone could count, but this is an exaggeration: there were probably not literally the same number of birds as grains of sand. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 78:29-30

craved

"strongly desired"

Psalms 78:31-32

Then

while the food was still in their mouths (Psalms 78:31)

God's anger attacked them

"God was angry and attacked them." See how "his anger attacked Israel" is translated in Psalms 78:21. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

brought down

This is a euphemism that means he caused them to die. AT: "killed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

did not believe his wonderful deeds

The word "deeds" is a metonym for God, who did the deeds. What they did not believe can be stated clearly. AT: "did not believe that he would take care of them even though he had done such wonderful deeds" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 78:33-34

General Information:

The writer continues telling of what God did to the Israelites.

cut short their days

Here the word "days" refers to a lifetime. The idiom "to cut short ... days" means to cause someone to die before they have lived a long life. AT: "killed them while they were still young" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

their years were filled with terror

Asaph speaks of years as if they were containers. AT: "year after year they were afraid all the time" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

to seek him

to ask him what they needed to do so he would protect them (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

afflicted them, they would ... they would return and look

These are different people from those whose days God "cut short." When some of them died, others would "start to seek" God.

would return

"would repent" or "would be truly sorry for their sins"

look earnestly

"look urgently" or "look as best they could"

translationWords

Psalms 78:35-37

General Information:

The tells of what the Israelites did.

call to mind

"remember." See how this is translated in Psalms 20:3.

God was their rock

The writer speaks about God as if he were a hill or mountain where people could go to be safe from their enemies. AT: "God was the one who protected them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

their rescuer

"the one who rescued them"

flatter him

"tell him he was wonderful when they did not believe it"

with their mouth

The word "mouth" is a metonym for the words they spoke using their mouths. AT: "by saying what they said" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

their hearts were not firmly fixed on him

Here "hearts" is a metonym for their thoughts. To be loyal to him is spoken of as being solidly attached to him. AT: "their thoughts were not focused on him" or "they were not loyal to him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 78:38

forgave their iniquity

"forgave them even though they had done evil deeds"

held back his anger

Asaph speaks of God's anger as if it were an angry person whom God held onto to keep him from attacking the one who had made him angry. AT: "did not punish them even though he was angry with them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

defied

"refused to obey"

were unfaithful and acted treacherously

These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to emphasize that the Israelites did not do for God what they had said they would do. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 78:58-59

General Information:

The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.

made him angry with their high places and provoked him to jealous anger with their idols

These two phrases are in parallel and have similar meanings. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 78:60-61

General Information:

The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.

He allowed his strength to be captured and gave his glory into the enemy's hand

Asaph speaks of God's strength and glory as if they were physical objects that people could capture and hold. The words "strength" and "glory" are probably mentonyms for the ark of the covenant. The word "hand" is a metonym for the enemy's power. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He allowed his enemies to capture the glorious ark of his covenant; he simply gave it to them so they could do whatever they wanted with it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 78:62-63

General Information:

The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.

He handed his people over to the sword

Asaph speaks of God's people as if they were a small object God would give as a gift, and of the sword, a metonym for death in war, as if it were a person who could receive a gift. AT: "He allowed people to kill all his people in war" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

he was angry with his heritage

"he was angry with the people he had said would be his forever"

Fire devoured their young men

Possible meanings are 1) "The enemy used fire to kill all their young men" or 2) "Their young men died quickly in battle like a fire burns dry grass." Do not communicate that these people used guns. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

devoured

To "devour" is to eat everything very quickly.

wedding

the celebration when people marry

Psalms 79:intro-0

Psalm 079 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 79 is a deliverance psalm and a prayer for revenge against their enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/avenge.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Destruction

Jerusalem has been destroyed and its people killed. God should destroy these enemy nations who do not pray to him.

Psalms 79:1-3

General Information:

A psalm of Asaph

"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." See how this is translated in Psalms 50:1.

your inheritance

"the land that was to be yours forever" See how this is translated in Psalms 68:9.

They have shed their blood like water

The word "blood" is a metonym for innocent life. To shed blood is to kill innocent people. Most people saw water every day, so for blood to be as common as water, many innocent people would have to die. AT: "They have killed so many innocent people that the blood is everywhere, like water after it rains" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 79:4-5

We have become a reproach for our neighbors, mocking and derision to those who are around us

The words "reproach," "mocking," and "derision" are metonyms for those whom others reproach, mock, and deride. AT: "We have become people whom our neighbors reproach; those around us mock and deride us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

We have become

The pronoun "We" refers to God's people.

derision

strong laughter to shame a person

How long will your jealous anger burn like fire?

This can be translated as a statement. AT: "It seems as though your jealous anger will never stop burning like fire." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

will your jealous anger burn

The abstract noun "anger" can be stated as "angry." AT: "will you be jealous and angry" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

burn like fire

This simile compares the expression of God's anger to a fire that destroys things. AT: "destroy us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 79:6-7

General Information:

These two pairs of phrases each share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Pour out your wrath on the nations

Asaph speaks of God's wrath as if it were a liquid. AT: "Since you are angry, punish the nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

do not call upon your name

The word "name" is a metonym for the person's power and authority. AT: "do not belong to you" or "do not ask you to help them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

they have devoured Jacob

The word "Jacob" is a mentonym for his descendants, the people of Israel. AT: "they have completely destroyed the people of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Psalms 80:intro-0

Psalm 080 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 80 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's help

Israel's enemies threaten them. The psalmist asks Yahweh to look down with joy on them, then they will be saved. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/save.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphor

The author uses an extended metaphor of Israel as a vine planted by God which is being uprooted. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Psalms 80:1-3

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship" See how this is translated in Psalms 4:1.

set to the Shoshannim

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 45:1.

A psalm of Asaph

"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote." See how this is translated in Psalms 50:1.

Shepherd of Israel

Asaph is referring to God as the one who leads and protects Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you who lead Joseph like a flock

The word "Joseph" refers to the nation of Israel. Asaph speaks of the people as if they were a flock of sheep that Yahweh, who is the shepherd, leads. AT: "you who lead the descendants of Joseph as though they were a flock of sheep" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Joseph

Here Joseph represents the nation of Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

you who sit above the cherubim

You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. AT: "you who sit on your throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

shine on us

Asaph speaks of God as if he were the sun, giving light, a metaphor for moral goodness. AT: "give us light" or "show us the right way to live" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

stir up your power

The phrase "stir up" means to "put into action." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

"the vine took root" or "the vine began to grow"

filled the land

"its branches covered the land"

The mountains were covered with its shade, the cedars of God by its branches

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Its shade covered the mountains, its branches the cedars of God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the cedars of God by its branches

"and the cedars of God were covered by its branches," which copies the verb from the previous sentence. This can be stated in active form. AT: "and its branches covered the cedars of God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

cedars of God

Possible meanings are 1) "the highest cedar trees," the cedar trees that grew on the "mountains" in the land of Lebanon north of Israel, or 2) "God's own cedar trees."

the sea

the Mediterranean Sea to the west of Israel

shoots

the parts of new plants that are just starting to grow above the ground

translationWords

Psalms 80:12-13

General Information:

Asaph continues speaking of Israel in their land as if Israel were a grapevine in a vineyard.

its walls

walls of stone, not of wood

boars

wild pigs that ruin gardens and farms and attack people. If your readers do not know what these are, use the word for a wild animal that ruins gardens and farms and attacks people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]])

forest

land where there are many trees

beasts

wild animals of any kind

field

land where there are many plants but no trees

translationWords

Psalms 80:14-16

General Information:

Asaph finishes speaking of Israel in their land as if Israel were a grapevine in a vineyard.

Turn back

The writer wants God to turn back in order to help them. This can be stated explicitly. AT: "Turn back to us" or "Come and help us again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

take notice

"look at"

this vine

The writer continues comparing the nation of Israel to the vine. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

This is the root that your right hand planted

The right hand represents the Yahweh's power and control. AT: "This is the root that you, Yahweh, planted" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

shoot

the part of a new plant that is just starting to grow above the ground. See how you translated this in Psalms 80:11.

down; they perish because of your rebuke

Possible meanings are 1) "down; your people perish because of your rebuke." or 2) "down. May your enemies perish because of your rebuke!"

translationWords

Psalms 80:17-18

your hand

This refers to Yahweh's power and control. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the man of your right hand

the nation of Israel, which Yahweh has chosen as his people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

right hand

When a man in Israel wanted to honor another man, he would have that other man stand at his right side, close to his right hand. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

we will not turn away from you

Here "turn away" is a metaphor for rejecting someone. This can also be stated in positive form. AT: "we will not stop worshiping and obeying you" or "we will always worship and obey you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 80:19

shine on us

we will be saved

This can be stated in active form. AT: "you will save us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 81

Psalms 81:intro-0

Psalm 081 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 81 is a wisdom psalm. It is meant to be sung at "new moon" and "full moon" ceremonies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Obedience

If Israel would obey and worship God, he would destroy their enemies.

Psalms 81:1-3

So I gave them over to their own stubborn way

God allowing the people to remain stubborn is spoken of as if God were giving them over to an enemy to let the enemy harm them. AT: "Therefore, I let them be stubborn" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 81:13-14

oh, that my people would walk in my paths

God wanting the people to obey him is spoken of as if he wanted the people to walk on his paths or roads. AT: "I wish that they would obey my laws" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

turn my hand against

Here "hand" represents Yahweh's power. AT: "I would destroy" or "I would defeat" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 81:15-16

who hate Yahweh ... before him

Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. AT: "who hate me ... before me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

cringe in fear

"bow down in fear" or "fall down in fear"

May they be humiliated forever

This can be stated in active form. AT: "I would humiliate them forever" or "I will punish them forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

I would feed Israel with the finest wheat

God causing the best wheat to grow in Israel is spoken of as if he would literally feed the wheat to the people. AT: "I would allow the Israelites to eat the finest wheat" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

feed Israel ... satisfy you

Both "Israel" and "you" refer to the Israelites.

honey out of the rock

This refers to wild honey. Bees would build hives in the holes in rocks and make the honey there. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 82

Psalms 82:intro-0

Psalm 082 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 82 is a psalm of judgment against the leaders of the other nations. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/judge.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Favoritism

The leaders of the nations need to protect the poor and needy and not to favor the evil rich people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/favor.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metonymy

The leaders of the nations are represented by their gods. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/falsegod.md]])

Psalms 82:1-2

General Information:

A psalm of Asaph

"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote"

the divine assembly

"the heavenly council" or "the meeting in heaven"

he renders judgment

"he gives judgment." The abstract noun "judgment" can be stated as a verb. AT: "he judges" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the gods

Possible meanings are 1) these are other spiritual beings who dwell in heaven. AT: "the divine beings" or "the heavenly judges" or 2) these are human judges that God has appointed. Either way, it does not mean they are gods like Yahweh is god. It means God has given them great power and authority. AT: "the rulers"

How long will you judge unjustly and show favoritism to the wicked?

Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the gods for not judging people fairly. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Selah

This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in Psalms 3:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 82:3-4

the poor and fatherless

Here "the poor" and "fatherless" are nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. AT: "those who are poor and those who are orphans" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

maintain the rights of the

"do what is right for the "

the afflicted and destitute

Here "the afflicted" and "destitute" are nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. AT: "those who are suffering and those who have nothing" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

the poor and needy ... the wicked

These are all nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. AT: "those who are poor and those who are needy ... those who are wicked" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

take them out of the hand of the wicked

Here the word "hand" represents power or control. AT: "stop the wicked people from harming them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 82:5

They neither

Possible meanings are 1) "they" refers to the gods or 2) "they" refers to the wicked people.

they wander around in the darkness

Doing what is evil is spoken of as if they were walking in a very dark place. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

all the foundations of the earth crumble

The gods corrupting the moral order that Yahweh established is spoken of as if the gods were shaking the earth and making it fall apart. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

crumble

"fall apart"

translationWords

Psalms 82:6-7

You are gods, and all of you sons of the Most High

Here "gods" refers to the same group as in Psalms 82:1. Whether this refers to spiritual beings or human beings, they are not gods like Yahweh is God, and they are not literally his sons. By calling them "gods" and "sons of the Most High," Yahweh is acknowledging that he has given them great power and authority.

sons of the Most High

Yahweh is speaking about himself as "the Most High." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

Nevertheless you

"However you"

and fall

This is a way of speaking of a person dying. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 82:8

General Information:

The writer is speaking again.

judge the earth

Here "earth" represents the people. AT: "judge the people of the earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

for you have an inheritance in all the nations

"for all the nations are your inheritance." Yahweh taking all the people as his own and ruling over them is spoken of as if the nations were a possession that he inherited. AT: "for you rule over all the people of every nation" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

all the nations

Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 83

Psalms 83:intro-0

Psalm 083 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 83 is a deliverance psalm. It is a prayer for deliverance from the many nations allied against Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Destruction

God should destroy these enemy nations like he destroyed Israel's enemies during the time of the Judges.

Psalms 83:1-2

General Information:

A song. A psalm of Asaph

"This is a psalm that Asaph wrote"

remain unmoved

"do nothing to help us"

Look, your enemies are making a commotion

Here "making a commotion" means they are rioting and rebelling. AT: "Look, your enemies are rebelling against you"

those who hate you have raised their heads

The phrase "raised their heads" is way of saying they are rebelling against God. AT: "those who hate you are defying you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 83:3-5

your protected ones

"those whom you protect." This refers to the Israelites.

the name of Israel will no longer be remembered

Here "name" represents a reputation or the memory of someone. This can be stated in active form. AT: "no one will ever remember the Israelites existed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

They have schemed together with one strategy

"Your enemies have agreed together with one plan"

translationWords

Psalms 83:11-12

General Information:

The writer continues to remind God of other enemies he has defeated for Israel in the past. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Oreb ... Zeeb ... Zebah ... Zalmunna

These are all names of kings. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

They said

Here "They" refers to Oreb, Zeeb, Zebah and Zalmunna.

the pastures of God

This speaks about the land of Israel as if it were land for sheep to graze and God were the shepherd watching over it. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 83:13-15

General Information:

The writer uses similes to describe God's total destruction of Israel's enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

make them like the whirling dust, like chaff before the wind

Both statements speak of God destroying his enemies as if he were a strong wind easily blowing them away. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

like the fire that burns the forest, and like the flame that sets the mountains on fire

Both statements speak of God's punishment as if it were a fire, and the enemies of God are things that burn in the fire. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Chase them with your strong wind, and terrify them with your windstorm

Both statements ask God to destroy the enemies with storms. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 83:16-17

Fill their faces with shame

Here "faces" represents the whole person. AT: "Make them very ashamed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

they might seek your name

Here "name" represents God's power. God's enemies acknowledging that God is powerful is spoken of as if they are seeking to find Yahweh. AT: "they might acknowledge that you are powerful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

seek your name

Possible meanings are 1) God's enemies admit that God is powerful or 2) God's enemies are asking God for help or 3) God's enemies start to worship and obey him.

May they be put to shame and be terrified forever

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Make them ashamed and terrified forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

may they perish in disgrace

"may they die while they are ashamed"

translationWords

Psalms 83:18

Then they will know

This can also be stated as the writer making a request to God. AT: "Cause them to know"

are the Most High over all the earth

God ruling over everything in the earth is spoken of as if he were elevated higher than everything else. AT: "are supreme, and you rule all things on the earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 84

Psalms 84:intro-0

Psalm 084 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 84 is a worship psalm.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Obedience

God blesses all who want to obey him. Praising God in his temple is better than anything else. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/bless.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/temple.md]])

# Similarity to Psalm 42-43

There are many similarities between these psalms and some scholars suggest they were written by the same people.

Psalms 84:1-2

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship"

set to the Gittith

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 8:1.

A psalm of the sons of Korah

"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote"

How lovely

"How beautiful"

I long for the courts of Yahweh

"I really want to be in the courts of Yahweh"

the courts of Yahweh

Here "courts" represent the temple. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

my desire for it has made me exhausted

"my desire has exhausted me" or "I am tired because I want it so much"

My heart and all of my being call out

Here "heart" represents the whole person. AT: "I call out with all of my being" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

the living God

This means God is living and he also has the power to cause other things to live.

translationWords

Psalms 84:3-4

sparrow ... swallow

These are types of birds. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]])

found her a house

"found her a home" or "made her a home"

the swallow a nest

Here the words "has found" or "has made" are understood. AT: "the swallow has found a nest" or "the swallow has made a nest" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

where she may lay her young

"where she may lay her eggs and care for her babies"

they who live in your house

Possible meanings are 1) "they" refers to the priests who permanently serve at the temple or 2) "they" refers to people in general who come and worship at the temple.

continually

"again and again"

translationWords

Psalms 84:5-6

Blessed is the man

Here "man" refers to people in general. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-gendernotations/01.md]])

whose strength is in you

God is spoken of as if strength was actually found in him. AT: "whom you strengthen" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in whose heart are the highways up to Zion

This expression is about heart-felt desire. AT: "Who love to go up to Zion" or "Who earnestly wish go up to Zion" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

highways

"main roads"

up to Zion

The temple was in Jerusalem on the top of the highest hill, called Mount Zion.

the Valley of Tears

This refers to a dry, arid place. Some Bible versions have "the Valley of Baca." The word "Baca" means "weeping."

The early rains

This means the rain that falls in autumn before the cold season. This is during the months of October and November on Western calendars.

blessings

"pools of water"

translationWords

Psalms 84:7-10

They go from strength to strength

This is a way of saying they get stronger. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

They go

Here "They" refers to those who strongly desire to go to the temple to worship God.

Selah

This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in Psalms 3:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

God, watch over our shield

The king who protects his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. AT: "God, watch over our king" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

For one day in your courts is better than a thousand elsewhere

This can be stated with the understood information. AT: "I would rather be in your courts for one day than to be somewhere else for a thousand days" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

a thousand

"1,000" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

be a doorkeeper

"be a guard at the door" or "stand at the door"

the wicked

This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "wicked people" or "those who are wicked" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 84:11-12

For Yahweh God is our sun and shield

Yahweh who guides and protects his people is spoken of as if he were the sun and a shield. AT: "For Yahweh God guides us like the light from the sun, and he protects us like a shield" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Yahweh will give grace and glory

The abstract nouns "grace" and "glory" can be stated as verbs. AT: "Yahweh will be kind to us and honor us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

who walk in integrity

The way a person conducts their lives or behaves is spoken of as if the person were walking. AT: "who live honestly" or "who are honest"

blessed is the man

Here "man" means people in general. AT: "blessed are those" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-genericnoun/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-gendernotations/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 85

Psalms 85:intro-0

Psalm 085 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 85 is a worship psalm.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Blessings

God has given so many blessings. If the people stop their sinning, then the land will be filled by the glory of God and his blessings. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/bless.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/glory.md]])

# Group Prayer

Note how this psalm uses the plural to show that it is a group praying.

Psalms 85:1-2

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship."

A psalm of the sons of Korah

"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote."

you have showed favor to your land

Here "land" represents the nation and people of Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

well-being

This refers to a person being happy, healthy and prosperous.

of Jacob

Here "Jacob" represents Jacob's descendents, the Israelites. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

you have covered all their sin

Here sin that is forgiven is spoken of as if it were covered so that it can not be seen. AT: "you have deliberately forgotten their sin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

their sin

This writer thought of himself as belonging to God's people. AT: "our sin"

Selah

This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in Psalms 3:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 85:3-5

You have withdrawn all your wrath

God no longer punishing the Israelites is spoken of as if wrath were an object that Yahweh could take away from the Israelites. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you have turned back from your hot anger

God no longer being angry with the Israelites is spoken of as if anger were a fire that God from which God turned away. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

God of our salvation

The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "God who saves us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

let go of your displeasure with us

Asking God to stop being angry with the Israelites is spoken of as if displeasure were an object the writer wants God to let go of. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Will you be angry with us forever? Will you remain angry throughout future generations?

The writer uses these questions to emphasize that he is requesting God to stop being angry with them. These rhetorical questions can be translated as a statement. AT: "Please do not stay angry at us forever." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 85:6-7

Will you not revive us again?

The writer uses a question to emphasize his request to God to make the people of Israel prosper and happy again. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Please make us prosper again." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Show us your covenant faithfulness

If the sentence is rearranged, the ideas in the abstract noun "covenant faithfulness" can be expressed with the phrase "faithful to your covenant." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

grant us your salvation

This is how the writer wants God to show his faithfulness to his people. If the sentence is rearranged, the ideas in the abstract noun "salvation" can be expressed with the verb "save." AT: "and save us" or "by saving us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 85:8-9

make peace with his people

"have a peaceful relationship with his people" or "bring peace to his people"

Yet they must not turn again to foolish ways

A person changing the way he behaves is spoken of as if he were physically turning to a different direction. AT: "Yet they must not start doing foolish things again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Surely his salvation is near to those

God being ready to save someone is spoken of as if salvation were an object that God has placed near someone. AT: "Surely God is ready to save those" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

then glory will remain in our land

Here "glory" represents God's presence. AT: "then his glorious presence will remain in our land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 85:10-11

Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness have met together

The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" are spoken of as if they were persons who meet together. Possible meanings are 1) God has been faithful because of his covenant and has done what he promised to do. AT: "God has been faithful to his covenant and has proven that he is worthy of people trusting him" or 2) God has been faithful because of his covenant and the people have responded by being faithful to him. AT: "God has been faithful to his covenant and people have responded by trusting him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

have met together ... have kissed each other

Most likely the speaker is describing a time in the future when God causes the people to prosper again. AT: "will meet together ... will kiss each other"

righteousness and peace have kissed each other

Possible meanings are 1) the people will do what is right and God will cause the people to live in peace or 2) God will do what is right and will cause the people to live in peace. Either way righteousness and peace are abstract nouns and are spoken of as if they were persons who kiss each other. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

kissed each other

This was a common way for friends to greet each other.

Trustworthiness springs up from the ground

The people on earth being faithful to God is spoken of as if trustworthiness were a plant growing out of the ground. The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be stated as "loyal." AT: "Here on earth, we will be loyal to God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

righteousness looks down from the sky

The word "righteousness" is an abstract noun, and it is spoken of as a person looking down as God does. AT: "God will look on us from heaven and will act justly towards us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 85:12-13

Righteousness will go before him and make a way for his footsteps

God doing what is right everywhere he goes is spoken of as if righteousness were a person who goes ahead of God and prepares a path for God to walk. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

his footsteps

Here "footsteps" represents where God walks. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 86

Psalms 86:intro-0

Psalm 086 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 86 is a deliverance psalm. He is praying for deliverance from his many enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's help

God has blessed the psalmist and is so loving to him. He has been one of God's servants. Now he needs God to save him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/bless.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/love.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/save.md]])

Psalms 86:1-2

General Information:

poor and oppressed

"weak and needy"

save your servant

David refers to himself as "your servant," that is, God's servant. AT: "save me, your servant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 86:3-4

seek my life

This is a way of saying they want to kill him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 86:15-17

and abundant in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness

God constantly being faithful and trustworthy is spoken of as if faithfulness and trustworthiness were objects of which God has a large quantity. The two abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives. AT: "always faithful to your covenant and very worthy of people trusting you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Turn toward me

Asking God to consider him is spoken of as if he wanted God to turn and look at him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

give your strength to your servant

The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as a verb or an adjective. AT: "strengthen your servant" or "make your servant strong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

your servant ... the son of your servant woman

The writer is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

be put to shame

This can be stated in active form. AT: "they will be ashamed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 87

Psalms 87:intro-0

Psalm 087 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 87 is a psalm about Jerusalem.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Pride

People will be proud to have been born in Jerusalem.

# Psalms about Jerusalem

Psalm 46, 48, and 76 are part of a group of psalms that celebrate Jerusalem.

Psalms 87:1-3

General Information:

A psalm of the sons of Korah; a song

"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote"

gates of Zion

Here "gates of Zion" represents the entire city of Jerusalem. AT: "city of Jerusalem" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

all the tents of Jacob

The people lived in tents while they wandered in the desert. Here the writer uses "tents of Jacob" to represent where the Israelites live now. AT: "any of the other dwelling places of the Israelites" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Glorious things are said of you, city of God

The writer speaks to the city of Jerusalem as if it were listening to him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You people in Jerusalem, other people say wonderful things about your city" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Selah

This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in Psalms 3:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 87:4

I mention

"I tell about." Here "I" refers to Yahweh.

Rahab and Babylon

Here "Rahab" is a poetic way of referring to Egypt. Both "Rahab" and "Babylon" represent the people. AT: "the people of Egypt and Babylon" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

to my followers

"to those who worship me"

Philistia, and Tyre, along with Cush

The names of these nations represent the people. AT: people from Philistia and Tyre, along with people from Cush"

This one was born there

"This one" refers to the people from the nations that the writer mentions. Although they were not physically born in Zion, those who follow God are natives of Jerusalem spiritually. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 87:5-6

Of Zion it will be said

This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will say about Zion" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Each of these was born in her

People from other nations that worship Yahweh are spoken of as if they were born in Jerusalem. AT: "It is as though all of these people were born in Jerusalem" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in her

It was common to refer to cities as "her." AT: "in Jerusalem" or "in Zion"

the Most High himself

The writer uses the reflexive pronoun "himself" to emphasize that it is the Most High who is doing this. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rpronouns/01.md]])

will establish her

"will make Jerusalem strong"

Yahweh writes in the census book of the nations

Yahweh acknowledging that the people from other nations belong to him is spoken of as if he were a king writing down the names of the people who live in his city. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

This one was born there

"This one" refers to the people from the nations that the writer mentions. Although they were not physically born in Zion, those who follow God are natives of Jerusalem spiritually. See how you translated this in Psalms 87:4. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 87:7

All my fountains are in you

Jerusalem being a place where people receive all their blessings is spoken of as if Jerusalem were a spring that provided water to the people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/fountain.md]]

Psalms 88

Psalms 88:intro-0

Psalm 088 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 88 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Abandon

Ever since he was a child, the psalmist has been sick, and now all his friends have abandoned him. If he dies he cannot testify about God's healing.

Psalms 88:1-2

General Information:

A song, a psalm of the sons of Korah

"This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote"

for the chief musician

"this is for the director of music to use in worship"

set to the Mahalath Leannoth style

This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

Heman

This is the name of a man. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

the Ezrahite

This is the name of a people group. It may refer to a son or descendant of Zerah. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

God of my salvation

The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "you are the one who saves me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

day and night

The writer uses these words with opposite meanings to say that he cries out continually. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 88:3-4

For I am filled with troubles

The writer speaks of himself as if he were a container and troubles are the contents that fill the container. AT: "For I am very troubled" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my life has reached Sheol

Here "life" represents the writer. And "Sheol" represents death. The writer speaks about himself possibly dying soon as if Sheol were a place and he has arrived at that place. AT: "I am about to die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

People treat me like those who go down into the pit

The word "pit" means the same as "Sheol." The phrase "go down into the pit" represents dying. AT: "people treat me like I have already died" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 88:5-6

I am abandoned among the dead

People treating the writer as if he were already dead is spoken of as if he were a corpse that they left unburied. AT: I am left alone as if I were dead" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I am like the dead who lie in the grave

The writer feeling like people and God have abandoned him speaks about himself as if he were already a dead person lying in a grave. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

the dead who lie

The nominal adjective "the dead" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "a dead person who lies" or "dead people who lie" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

about whom you care no more

"who no longer receive your care" or "people you have stopped caring about"

they are cut off from your power

God no longer using his power to help dead people is spoken of as if God literally cut him off or removed him from his power. AT: "you no longer use your power to help them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

You place me in the lowest part of the pit, in the dark and deep places

The writer feeling like God has abandoned him speaks about himself as if God has put the him in the deepest and darkest grave. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 88:7

Your wrath lies heavy on me

This speaks about God being very angry with the writer as if God's wrath were a heavy object lying on top of the writer. AT: "I feel your great anger" or "I feel how very angry you are with me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

all your waves crash over me

This speaks about God being very angry with the writer as if God's anger were large waves rising up from the sea then landing on the writer. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Selah

This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in Psalms 3:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 88:8

my acquaintances

"those who know me"

You have made me a shocking sight to them

"You have made me a disgusting sight to them" or "Because of you, they are shocked when they see me"

I am hemmed in

The writer's physical condition that makes him repulsive to his friends is spoken of as if he were in closed into a confining space. AT: "It is as though I were in a prison" or "I am trapped" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Psalms 88:9-10

They

The word "They" refers to God's "angry actions" and "terrifying deeds" from the previous verse.

they have all encircled me

The writer speaks of God's "angry actions" and "terrifying deeds" as if they were enemies who were trying to capture and kill him. AT: "they have surrounded me like enemy soldiers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

every friend and acquaintance

"every person I love and know"

My only acquaintance is the darkness

This speaks about darkness as if it were a person that could be friends with someone else. The writer is emphasizing that he feels completely alone. AT: "Everywhere I go it is dark" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/darkness.md]]

Psalms 89

Psalms 89:intro-0

Psalm 089 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 89 is a worship and a deliverance psalm. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's promises

God is mighty and has promised David an eternal kingdom. But now that kingdom is being destroyed. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/promise.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/eternity.md]])

# Parallelism

This psalm exhibits the kind of parallelism where the second line often emphasizes the first line. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Psalms 89:1-2

General Information:

A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

Ethan

This is the name of the writer. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

the Ezrahite

This is the name of a people group. It may refer to a son or descendant of Zerah. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

acts of covenant faithfulness

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "faithful acts" or "loving acts" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Covenant faithfulness has been established forever

God always doing what he promised to do is spoken of as if his faithfulness were a building that God has built and made firm. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You will always be faithful because of your covenant with us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

your truthfulness you have established in the heavens

God always doing what he promised to do is spoken of as if his faithfulness were a building that God has built and made firm. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in the heavens

Possible meanings are 1) this refers to God's dwelling place. This would mean God rules from heaven and he always does what he promises or 2) this refers to the sky. This would mean that God's promises are as constant and permanent as the sky .

translationWords

Psalms 89:3-4

I have made a covenant with my chosen one

You can make explicit that "chosen one" refers to David. AT: "I made a promise to David, the one I chose" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

I have made

Yahweh is speaking in 89:3-4.

I will establish your descendants forever

Yahweh always causing one of David's descendants to be king is spoken of as if David's descendants are a building that Yahweh will build and make firm. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will establish your throne through all generations

Here "throne" represents the power to rule as king. The psalmist speaks of God promising that one of David's descendants will always rule as king as if God will build David's throne and make it firm. AT: "I will make sure that one of your descendants will rule as king over every generation of my people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Selah

This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in Psalms 3:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 89:5-6

The heavens praise

Here "heavens" represents those who are in heaven. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

praise your wonders, Yahweh

"praise you, Yahweh, because of the wonderful things you do"

your truthfulness is praised in the assembly of the holy ones

The abstract noun "truthfulness" can be stated as "you always do what you promise to do." This can also be stated in active form. AT: "The assembly of the holy ones praises you because you always do what you promise to do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the assembly of the holy ones

This refers to the angels in heaven.

For who in the skies can be compared to Yahweh? Who among the sons of the gods is like Yahweh?

Both questions mean the same thing. The writer is using question to emphasize that there in no one in heaven like Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

sons of the gods

Here "sons of" means having the characteristics of. This is a way of referring to other spiritual beings that live in heaven. AT: "angels" or "divine beings" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 89:7-8

He is a God who is greatly honored in the council of the holy ones

This can be stated in active form. AT: "The council of the holy ones greatly honors God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the council of the holy ones

"the gathering of heavenly beings" or "the gathering of angels"

who is strong like you, Yahweh?

The writer asks the question to emphasize there is no one as strong as Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Your truthfulness surrounds you

Yahweh always dong what he promises to do is spoken of as if his truthfulness were a cloak or garment that wraps around him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 89:9-10

You rule the raging sea

"You control the raging sea"

You crushed Rahab as one who is killed

The word "Rahab" here refers to a monster of the sea. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

with your strong arm

Here "arm" represents power. AT: "with your great power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Here "their" refers to the Israelites. The writer would have included himself as a member of the Israelites. AT: "You are our" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

we are victorious

Here "we" refers to the writer and the Israelites but not to Yahweh, to whom he speaks. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])

For our shield belongs to Yahweh

The king who protects his people and whom Yahweh chose is spoken of as if he were a shield that belongs to Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 89:19-23

General Information:

The writer assumes that the reader knows the history of how David became the chosen king. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

I have set a crown on a mighty one

To place a crown on a person's head is a sign of making him king. AT: "I have made a mighty man king" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

set a crown on a mighty one

Some Bible translations have "given strength to a mighty one" or "helped a mighty one."

I have raised up one chosen from among the people

Here "raised up" means appointed. It is implied that God chose this person to be king. AT: "I have chosen one from among the people to be king" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

with my holy oil have I anointed him

Here to pour oil on someone's head is a sign that God is appointing the person to be king. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

My hand will support him; my arm will strengthen him

Here "hand" and "arm" both means the power and control of Yahweh. AT: "I will support him and make him strong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

son of wickedness

The writer refers to those who have the nature or character of wickedness as "sons of wickedness." AT: "wicked person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 89:24-26

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues speaking about David.

My truth and my covenant faithfulness will be with him

God always being loyal and doing what he promises for David is spoken of as if truth and faithfulness were objects that would be with David. The abstract nouns "truth" and "faithfulness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "I will always be truthful with him and I will always act faithfully towards him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

by my name he will be victorious

Here "name" represents God' power. AT: "I, God, will cause him to be victorious" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I will place his hand over the sea and his right hand over the rivers

Here "hand" and "right hand" represent power and authority. Here "the sea" seems to refer to the Mediterranean Sea west of Israel, and "rivers" refers to the Euphrates river in the east. This means David will have authority over everything from the sea to the river. AT: "I will give him authority over everything from the Mediterranean sea to the Euphrates river" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

He will call out to me, 'You are my Father, my God, and the rock of my salvation.'

This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. AT: "He will say that I am his Father, his God, and the rock of his salvation." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-quotesinquotes/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-quotations/01.md]])

the rock of my salvation

Yahweh protecting and saving David is spoken of as if Yahweh were a high rock that David could stand on top of for protection from enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 89:27-29

translationWords

Psalms 89:38-40

you have refused and rejected

The words "the king" are understood. AT: "you have refused and rejected the king" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

with your anointed king

"with the king you chose"

You have renounced the covenant

"You have rejected the covenant"

You have desecrated his crown on the ground

To push down into the ground or dust is a sign of great humiliation. AT: "You have defiled his crown on the ground" or "You have caused his crown to fall into the dirt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

his crown

This represents the king's power as king and his right to rule. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

You have broken down all his walls. You have ruined his strongholds

This implies that God allowed enemies to destroy the defenses at Jerusalem. AT: "You have allowed enemies to break down his walls and ruin his strongholds in Jerusalem" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 89:41-43

to his neighbors

Here "neighbors" means people of nearby nations.

raised the right hand of his enemies

Here "right hand" represents power. To "raise the right hand" means that Yahweh has made his enemies strong enough to defeat God's chosen king. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

turn back the edge of his sword

Here "sword" represents the king's power in battle. To turn the sword back represents making the king unable to win in battle. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

the edge of his sword

Here "edge" represents the whole sword. AT: "his sword" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

have not made him stand when in battle

Here "stand" represents being victorious in battle. AT: "You have not helped him to be victorious in battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 89:44-45

you have brought down his throne to the ground

Here "throne" represents the power to rule as king. AT: "you, Yahweh, have ended his reign as king" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

You have shortened the days of his youth

This is a way of saying God made the king seem old even while he was still young. AT: "Even while he is young you have made him weak like an old man" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

covered him with shame

Yahweh completely humiliating the king is spoken of as if shame were a garment that God used to cover the king. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 89:46-48

How long, Yahweh? Will you hide yourself, forever?

The writer uses these questions to emphasize that he does not want God to continue to refuse the king. AT: "Please, Yahweh, do not refuse to help the king forever." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Will you hide yourself

God not helping the king is spoken of as if God were hiding from him. AT: "Will you refuse to help the king" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

How long will your anger burn like fire?

The writer uses a question to emphasize that he does not want God to remain angry. AT: "Please do not continue being angry" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

your anger burn like fire

God being very angry is spoken of as if his anger were a hot fire. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

for what uselessness you have created all the children of mankind

The abstract noun "uselessness" can be stated as "uselessly." AT: "that you have created all people to die uselessly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the children of mankind

This refers to humans in general. AT: "humans" or "people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-gendernotations/01.md]])

Who can live and not die, or rescue his own life from the hand of Sheol?

The writer uses these questions to emphasize that all people will die. AT: "No one can live forever or bring himself back to life after dying" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

rescue his own life from the hand of Sheol

Here "hand" refers to power. The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. Possible meanings are 1) a person cannot bring himself back to life after dying or 2) a person cannot keep himself from dying. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 89:49-51

Lord, where are your former acts of covenant faithfulness that you swore to David in your truthfulness?

The writer uses a question to request the Lord to be faithful to his covenant with David. AT: "Lord, be faithful to your covenant with David as you have been in the past" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

your former acts of covenant faithfulness

The abstract nouns "acts" and "faithfulness" can be translated with a verb and an adverb. AT: "the things that you did before that showed that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Call to mind

The writer asks Yahweh to bring this up in his memory. AT: "Remember" or "Consider" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

the mocking directed against your servants

Here "your servants" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "how they mock us, your servants"

how I bear in my heart so many insults from the nations

Here "heart" represents the person's emotions. AT: "I endure so many insults from the people of the nations" or "I suffer because the people from the nations insult me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

from the nations

Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Your enemies hurl insults

The enemies shouting insults at the king is spoken of as if insults were an object that the enemies throw violently at the king. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they mock the footsteps of your anointed one

Here "footsteps" represents where the king goes. AT: "they mock your anointed one wherever he goes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 89:52

General Information:

This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 3 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 73 and ends with Psalm 89.

Blessed be Yahweh forever

This can be stated in active form. AT: "May people praise Yahweh forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Amen and Amen

The word "Amen" is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. See how you translated this in Psalms 41:13.

translationWords

Psalms 90

Psalms 90:intro-0

Psalm 090 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm is a wisdom psalm. God is eternal but a human's life is short. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/eternity.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Life's shortness

Because life is so short, people need to spend it as God wants them to spend it.

Psalms 90:1-2

General Information:

A prayer of Moses

"This is a prayer that Moses wrote"

Lord, you have been our refuge

God protecting his people is spoken of as if God were a refuge or shelter. AT: "Lord, you have been like a shelter for us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

throughout all generations

"always"

Before the mountains were formed

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Before you formed the mountains" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

formed

"created" or "shaped"

the world

This represents everything that is in the world. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

from everlasting to everlasting

This phrase represents all time past, present, and future.

translationWords

Psalms 90:3-4

You return man to dust

This implies that just as God created the first man, Adam, from the soil, God will cause people's bodies to turn back into soil after they die. AT: "You return people to dust when they die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

return man

Here "man" means people in general. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-gendernotations/01.md]])

Return, you descendants

The words "to dust" or "to soil" are understood. AT: "Return to dust, you descendants" or "Return to soil, you descendants" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

you descendants of mankind

This is a way of referring to humans in general. AT: "you humans" or "you people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

For a thousand years in your sight are as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night

The writer means that a long period of time seems like a short period of time to God. AT: "You consider a thousand years the same as one day in the past, or as a few short hours in the night" or "Even a thousand years is not a long time to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

a thousand years

"1,000 years" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

in your sight

Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 90:5-6

You sweep them away as with a flood and they sleep

God causing people to die suddenly is spoken of as if he swept them away with a broom. This sweeping is also spoken of as if it were a flood that carried people away. AT: "Lord, you destroy the people as with a flood and they die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

they sleep

This is a polite way of speaking of people dying. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

in the morning they are like the grass ... in the evening it withers and dries up

The people are being compared to grass to emphasize that people do not live a very long time. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

it blooms and grows up

Both of these phrases refer to how the grass grows. AT: "it begins to grow and develop" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

it withers and dries up

Both of these phrases refer to how the grass dies. AT: "it fades and dries up" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 90:7-8

we are consumed in your anger

God destroying people in his anger is spoken of as if God's anger were a fire that completely burns up the people. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You destroy us in your anger" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

in your wrath we are terrified

"when you are angry we are greatly afraid"

You have set our iniquities before you, our hidden sins in the light of your presence

God considering people's sins is spoken of as if sins were an objects he could place in front of himself and look at them. AT: "You see every sinful thing we do, even the sinful things we do in secret" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 90:9-10

Our life passes away under your wrath

The word "because" can be used to make clear that God's wrath causes human life to end. AT: "Our lives come to an end because of your wrath" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-connectingwords/01.md]])

like a sigh

The writer compares human life to a sigh to emphasize that life is very brief. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

seventy

"70" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

eighty

"80" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

even our best years are marked by trouble and sorrow

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Even in our best years we experience trouble and sorrow" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

we fly away

This is a polite way of referring to people dying. AT: "we die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 90:11-13

Who knows the intensity of your anger, and your wrath that is equal to the fear of you?

The writer uses a question to emphasize that no one has fully experienced God anger. Therefore no one truly reveres God and fears his anger when people sin. AT: "No one knows the intensity of your anger. Therefore no one fears your wrath when they sin." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Turn back, Yahweh! How long will it be?

Asking Yahweh to no longer be angry is spoken of as if the writer wants God to turn physically away from his anger. AT: "Yahweh, please do not be angry any longer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

How long will it be?

The writer uses a question to state that he wants God to stop being angry. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Have pity on your servants

Here "your servants" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "Be merciful to us, your servants"

translationWords

Psalms 90:14-16

Satisfy us in the morning

"Satisfy us every morning"

with your covenant faithfulness

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as an adjective. AT: "by being faithful because of your covenant with us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

in proportion to the days you afflicted us and to the years we have experienced trouble

Both of these phrases mean the same thing. The writer is asking Yahweh to make them happy for the same amount of time he punished them. AT: "for the same amount of time that you afflicted us and caused us to suffer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Let your servants

Here "your servants" refer to the people of Israel. AT: "Let us, your servants" or "Let us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

let our children

Here "children" means children and descendants.

see your majesty

The abstract noun "majesty" can be stated as "great things." AT: "see the great things you do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 90:17

May the favor of the Lord our God be ours

The abstract noun "favor" can be stated as "be kind." AT: "May the Lord our God be kind to us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

prosper the work of our hands

Here "hands" represents the whole person. AT: "cause us to be successful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 91

Psalms 91:intro-0

Psalm 091 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 91 is a wisdom psalm. Those who depend on God are protected by him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Fear

No matter what dangers befall a person, they do not need to fear. God is protecting them from all harm.

Psalms 91:1-2

General Information:

He who lives ... will stay ... of the Almighty

Because "live" and "stay" mean almost the same thing, as do "shelter" and "shadow," which are both metaphors for protection, you may need to combine the two lines into one. AT: "The Most High, the Almighty, will care for all those who live where he can protect them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

who lives in the shelter of the Most High

The word "shelter" is a metaphor for protection. AT: "who lives where the Most High protects him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the Most High

The words "the Most High" refer to Yahweh. See how this is translated in Psalms 18:13.

will stay in the shadow of the Almighty

The word "shadow" here is a metaphor for protection. AT: "will stay where the Almighty can protect him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the Almighty

the one who has power and control over everything. See how this was translated in Psalms 68:14

I will say of Yahweh

"I will say about Yahweh"

my refuge and my fortress

A "refuge" is any place a person can go and have someone or something protect him. A "fortress" is something that people make so they can protect themselves and their property. Asaph uses them here as metaphors for protection. AT: "the one to whom I can go and he will protect me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 91:3-4

For he will rescue you from the snare of the hunter and from the deadly plague

The words that have been left out can be put in. AT: "For God will rescue you from the snare of the hunter and he will rescue you from the plagues that can kill" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

the snare of the hunter

"from the snare that the hunter has set to catch you"

He will cover you with his wings, and under his wings you will find refuge

God's protection is here referred to as "wings" which a bird uses to cover its' young from danger. "Cover you with his wings" and "under his wings" mean basically the same thing. AT: "He will keep you safe and protect you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

His trustworthiness is a shield and protection

God's trustworthiness is here referred to as a "shield" which can protect people who rely on him. The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be stated as "trust." AT: "You can trust him to protect you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

protection

No one knows for sure what this word means. Possible meanings are 1) a small shield strapped to the forearm that soldiers used to defend themselves against arrows and swords or 2) a wall of stones set in a circle inside which soldiers could hide and shoot arrows.

translationWords

Psalms 91:5-7

terror in the night

The psalmist speaks of "terror" as if it were a spirit or fierce animal that could attack at night and so terrify people. AT: "things attacking you at night" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

in the night ... by day

These two phrases taken together refer to all possible times of night and day. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

the arrow that flies by day

"Arrow" here is a metonym for the people who shoot the arrows. AT: "people attacking you with arrows during the day" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

or of the plague that roams

The psalmist speaks of illness as if it were a person who went about at night killing other people. AT: "You will not be afraid of dying from illness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

roams

goes wherever he wants to go at any time

in the darkness ... at noontime

These two phrases taken together refer to all possible times of night and day. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

disease

an illness that makes many people ill at the same time

A thousand may fall at your side and ten thousand at your right hand

"Many people may fall all around you." If translating the exact numbers confuses the readers, you may omit them.

it will not reach you

"the evil will not harm you"

translationWords

Psalms 91:8-9

You will only observe and see

"You yourself will not suffer, but you will watch carefully, and you will see"

the punishment of the wicked

The abstract noun "punishment" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "how God punishes the wicked" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Yahweh is my refuge

The writer speaks of Yahweh protecting him as if Yahweh were a safe place for him to find protection from his enemies. AT: "Yahweh protects me, like a person finds protection in a place of refuge" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Make the Most High your refuge also

"You should make the Most High your refuge also." The psalmist stops speaking to God and speaks to the reader.

translationWords

Psalms 91:10-11

No evil will overtake you

The writer speaks of a person experiencing bad or evil things as if evil were a person who overtakes another person. AT: "Nothing evil will happen to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

no affliction will come near your home

The psalmist speaks of people who afflict others as though they were the harm they cause. AT: "no one will be able to harm your family" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

For he will direct

"Yahweh will command"

in all your ways

The psalmist speaks of the way a person lives his life as if it were a path down which the person walked. AT: "in everything you do" or "at all times" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 91:12-13

They will lift you

"Yahweh's angels will lift you"

you will not hit your foot on a stone

The angels will protect not only the reader's foot but the rest of his body as well. The words "not ... hit your foot on a stone" is an exaggerated metonym to say that not even small bad things will happen. This should probably not be taken as a promise that no bad things will ever happen again. AT: "you will not even hit your foot on a stone" or "not even the smallest bad thing will happen to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

You will crush lions and adders under your feet; you will trample on young lions and serpents

Where "hit your foot on a stone" is a minor problem, lions and snake are examples of great dangers. The psalmist speaks of lions and snakes as if they were small enough to be crushed under a person's foot. AT: "You will be able kill lions and adders as if they were small animals you could crush under your feet" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

adders

types of poisonous snake.

trample

crush by walking heavily on

translationWords

Psalms 91:14-16

Because he is devoted to me

"Because he loves me"

I will be with him in trouble

This can be made explicit. AT: "I will be with him when he is in trouble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

I will give him victory

The abstract noun "victory" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "I will cause him to be victorious" or "I will enable him to defeat his enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

will satisfy him with long life

The psalmist speaks of life as if it were something someone could eat. AT: "I will allow him to live a long and happy life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

show him my salvation

"and I will show him my salvation." The psalmist speaks of the work God does to save people as if it were a physical object. AT: "I will save him so that he knows I am the one who saved him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 92

Psalms 92:intro-0

Psalm 092 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 92 is a psalm of praise for God's kindness and faithfulness. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/faithful.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Justice

God causes evil people to be destroyed and good people to be happy and useful, even after they grow old. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/justice.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])

Psalms 92:1-3

General Information:

to sing praises to your name

The words "your name" are a metonym for "you." AT: "to sing praises to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

proclaim your covenant faithfulness in the morning

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with the adjective "faithful." AT: "proclaim in the morning that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

your truthfulness every night

The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The abstract noun "truthfulness" can be translated with the adjective "true." AT: "proclaim every night that everything you say is true" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 92:4-5

glad

"happy"

through your deeds

The abstract noun phrase "your deeds" can be translated with the relative clause "what you have done." AT: "by what you have done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the deeds of your hands

The abstract noun phrase "the deeds of your hands" can be translated with the relative clause "what your hands have done." The word "hands" is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "What you have done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

your deeds

The abstract noun phrase "your deeds" can be translated with a relative clause. AT: "what you have done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Your thoughts are very deep

"We cannot understand what you plan to do until you do it"

Your thoughts

The abstract noun phrase "your thoughts" can be translated with a relative clause. AT: "What you think" or "What you plan" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 92:6-7

brutish

"violent and stupid"

When the wicked sprout like the grass

This compares evil people to grass, which grows quickly and in many places. AT: "When evil people appear quickly and seem to be everywhere, like grass" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 92:14-15

They bear fruit

The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were trees that produce food. AT: "They please God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they stay fresh and green

The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were trees. AT: "they remain strong and healthy" or "they always do what pleases God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

green, to proclaim that

Possible meanings are 1) "green, so that they can proclaim" or 2) "green. This shows that"

He is my rock

"Yahweh is the one who protects me." The psalmist speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock that would protect him. See how this is translated in Psalms 18:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 93

Psalms 93:intro-0

Psalm 093 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 93 is a worship psalm about the power of Yahweh.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's power

Yahweh is all powerful; He even controls the ocean.

Psalms 93:1-2

General Information:

he is robed in majesty; Yahweh has clothed and girded himself with strength

The psalmist speaks of Yahweh's strength and majesty as if they were things Yahweh wears. AT: "he shows everyone that he is a powerful king" or "his majesty is there for all to see, like the robe a king wears; everything about Yahweh shows that he is strong and he is ready to do great work" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Type of psalm

Psalm 94 is a prayer requesting that evil people be punished. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])

Psalms 94:8-9

General Information:

The writer now instructs the wicked people.

translationWords

Psalms 94:17-19

Unless Yahweh had been my help ... silence

This is a hypothetical situation. Yahweh did help him, so he was not lying in the place of silence. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

Unless Yahweh had been my help

The abstract noun "help" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "If Yahweh had not helped me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

I would soon be lying down in the place of silence

Here "would be lying down" refers to "death" and "in the place of silence" refers to the grave." AT: "in a short time, I would be dead, lying in a silent grave" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

Your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, held me up

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "You, Yahweh, held me up because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

When cares within me are many, your consolations make me happy

The psalmist speaks of care as if he could count separate cares. The abstract noun "consolations" can be translated with the verb "console" or "comfort." AT: "When I have been worried about many things, you have comforted me and made me happy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 94:20-21

Can a throne of destruction be allied with you, one who creates injustice by statute?

This rhetorical question is used to make a point. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "A wicked ruler who makes unjust laws is not your friend" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

a throne of destruction

Here the metonym "throne" refers to a king or ruler. AT: "a wicked ruler" or "corrupt judge" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

conspire

secretly plan with a person something harmful or illegal

take the life of

This is an idiom which means to kill someone. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 94:22-23

Yahweh has been my high tower

Here "tower" is a metaphor for protection. AT: "Yahweh has protected me from my enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

God has been the rock of my refuge

The psalmist speaks of having God protect him as if God were a place where the psalmist could go to be safe. See how "rock" and "refuge" are translated in Psalms 62:7. AT: "I have asked God to protect me, and he has kept me safe by his power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

will bring on them their own iniquity

Possible meanings are 1) "will do to them the evil things they have done to others" or 2) "will punish them for all the evil things he has done to others."

cut them off

This is an idiom which means "kill them." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

in their own wickedness

Possible meanings are 1) "while they are doing wicked things" or 2) "because they have done wicked things."

translationWords

Psalms 95

Psalms 95:intro-0

Psalm 095 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 95 is the first in a series of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).

Special concepts in this chapter

# God's care

God made everything and takes good care of people. People should not be stubborn like the Israelites were in the days of Moses. The Israelites with Moses wandered in the desert for forty years.

Psalms 95:1-3

General Information:

the rock of our salvation

The psalmist speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were a mountain the people could climb so they would be safe. See how "rock" and "of my salvation" are translated in Psalms 18:46. AT: "the rock where we can go and God will save us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

enter his presence

The psalmist speaks as if he is telling the readers to go into the throne room of a king. AT: "go to where he is" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

with thanksgiving

"thanking him as we enter his presence"

superior to all gods

Possible meanings are that Yahweh is a great king 1) "who rules over all other gods," or 2) "who is much better than all gods."

translationWords

Psalms 95:4-5

In his hand

This is an idiom which means "in his control" or "he is responsible for." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

depths

deep places

heights

high places

his hands formed

The word "hands" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. AT: "he himself formed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 95:6-7

kneel

put both knees on the ground, often to show submission (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

the people of his pasture

The word "pasture" is a metonym for the food that animals eat in the pasture, which in turn is a synecdoche for everything that Yahweh provides for his people. AT: "we are the people whose needs he meets" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

pasture

an area where animals find grass to eat

the sheep of his hand

The word "hand" here refers to how Yahweh protects his people the way a shepherd protects his sheep. AT: "the people whom he protects like a shepherd protects his sheep" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Today—oh, that you would hear his voice!

"Oh, that you would hear his voice today!" The psalmist purposely interrupts what he is saying.

hear his voice

Here "his voice" represents God speaking or what he says. AT: "listen to God speak" or "hear what God says" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 95:8-9

General Information:

Now the writer writes the words that Yahweh spoke.

harden your heart

"become stubborn"

Meribah, ... Massah

These are places in the desert that Moses named because the Israelites rebelled against God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

tested me ... tried me

These two phrases are both metaphors for the people seeing how much evil they could do before Yahweh would punish them. The phrases say basically the same thing and can be combined. AT: "tested me" or "wanted to see if they could do evil things without my punishing them ... tested whether I would continue to be patient with them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

my deeds

"the amazing things I had done"

translationWords

Psalms 95:10-11

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking directly to his people.

forty years

"40 years" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

that generation

"all of those people" or "that entire generation of people"

wander astray

God speaks of the people as if they were sheep, which will go wherever they want to and not stay near their shepherd. AT: "move away from me" or "go their own way" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they have not known my ways

Yahweh's commands are spoken of as if they were paths on which the people should walk. The people not obeying Yahweh's commands is spoken of as if they did not know these paths. AT: "they have not obeyed my commands" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my resting place

"the place where I would have allowed them to rest"

translationWords

Psalms 96

Psalms 96:intro-0

Psalm 096 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 96 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh, the king

Yahweh is king over all the earth and is worthy of all praise.

Psalms 96:1-2

General Information:

a new song

a song no one has ever sung before

all the earth

This refers to the people of the earth. AT: "all you people who live on the earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

bless his name

The word "name" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. AT: "bless Yahweh" or "do what makes Yahweh happy" See how "may his glorious name be blessed" is translated in Psalms 72:19. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

announce his salvation

The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated using the verb "save." AT: "announce that he has saved us" or "tell people that he is the one who saves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 96:3-4

Declare his glory among the nations

"Tell all the people in every nation about his great glory"

Yahweh is great and is to be praised greatly

This can be translated in active form. AT: "Yahweh is great. Praise him greatly" or "Yahweh is great, and people should praise him greatly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

He is to be feared above all other gods

This can be translated in active form. AT: "Fear him above all other gods" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

He is coming to judge the earth. He will judge the world ... and the peoples

The three phrase have similar meanings; the last two phases are used to strengthen the first. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

to judge ... will judge

Another possible meaning is "to rule ... will rule."

He will judge the world with righteousness

Here "the world" is a metonym for all the people in the world. See how these words are translated in Psalms 9:8. AT: "He will judge all the people of the world righteously" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the peoples with his faithfulness

The words "he will judge" are understood. AT: "he will judge the peoples with his faithfulness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

with his faithfulness

The can be restated to remove the abstract noun "faithfulness." Possible meanings are 1) AT: "fairly, according to what he knows is true" or 2) AT: "using the same standard for all people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 97

Psalms 97:intro-0

Psalm 097 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 97 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100)

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's authority

All people who worship idols are disgraced because Yahweh rules over all the world.

Psalms 97:1-2

General Information:

let the earth rejoice; let the many coastlands be glad

The earth and the coastlands are said to have emotions like people. AT: "Rejoice and be glad every person on the earth and near the seas" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

coastlands

Possible meanings are 1) "lands near the seas" or 2) "islands."

Clouds and darkness surround him

"We cannot see him; it is as if he were sitting in the dark with clouds all around him"

Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne

The word "throne" is a metonym for the deeds and words of the one who sits on it. The psalmist speaks as if righteousness and justice were physical objects that made the throne secure. AT: "He is righteous and just in everything he does" or "He is able to rule because he rules righteously and justly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the foundation of his throne

Here "the foundation of his throne" refers to how Yahweh rules his kingdom. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 97:3-5

Fire goes before him

The psalmist speaks as if fire were a person walking before King Yahweh and telling people that the king was coming. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

consumes his adversaries

"burns up his enemies"

the earth sees and trembles

The writer speaks of the earth as if it were a person who sees what Yahweh does and trembles in fear. AT: "like a person, the earth sees and trembles" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

trembles

"shakes with fear"

The mountains melt like wax before Yahweh

The writer speaks of the mountains crumbling before Yahweh as if they were wax that was exposed to a fire. AT: "The mountains are unable to stand as Yahweh comes near" or "The mountains crumble in Yahweh's presence" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 97:6-8

The skies declare his justice

Possible meanings are 1) the psalmist speaks as if the skies are Yahweh's messengers who declare that Yahweh is just. AT: "Everyone can see that God is just, the same way that everyone can see the skies" or 2) the skies refer to the beings that live in the heavens. AT: "All those who live in heaven declare that Yahweh is just" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

All those who worship carved figures will be shamed, those who boast in worthless idols

This can be translated in active form. AT: "God will shame all those who boast in worthless idols and worship carved figures" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Zion heard ... the towns of Judah

This refers to the people who live in these lands. AT: "The people of Zion heard ... the people of Judah" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 97:9-11

are most high above all

The psalmist speaks as if those who were strong enough to rule were the physically higher than others. AT: "rule over all the people who live on" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

You are exalted far

The psalmist speaks as if those who were strong enough to rule were the physically higher than others. AT: "You are high, far" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he takes them out of the hand of the wicked

Here the word "hand" represents power. Yahweh rescuing people from the power of wicked people is spoken of as if he took them out of their hands. AT: "he rescues them from the power of the wicked" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Light is sown for ... and gladness for

These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. AT: "Yahweh sows light for those who do right, and he sows gladness for those with honest hearts" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

Light is sown for the righteous

The word "sown" is a metaphor for actions with future results. "Light" is a metaphor for good things. AT: "Yahweh plans for good things to happen to the righteous in the future" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the righteous

The adjective "righteous" can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "righteous people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

gladness for those with honest hearts

The words "is sown" are understood. The word "sown" is a metaphor for actions with future results. The abstract noun "gladness" can be stated as "happy." AT: "gladness is sown for those with honest hearts" or "Yahweh plans for people with honest hearts to be happy in the future" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

those with honest hearts

The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "honest people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 97:12

General Information:

This verse has a command followed by the reason for the command. If your language requires the reason to precede the command: "Because of what Yahweh has done for you, you righteous people, be glad and give thanks when you remember his holiness."

Be glad in Yahweh

This idiom means to be glad because of what Yahweh has done. AT: "Be glad because of what Yahweh has done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

when you remember his holiness

Possible meanings are 1) "when you remember how holy he is" or 2) "to his holy name," a metonym for "to him." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/holy.md]]

Psalms 98

Psalms 98:intro-0

Psalm 098 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 98 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).

Special concepts in this chapter

# Praise

Everyone and every thing should sing praises to Yahweh because he is worthy of all praise.

Psalms 98:1-2

General Information:

a new song

a song no one has ever sung before. See how this is translated in Psalms 96:1.

his right hand and his holy arm have

The words "right hand" and "holy arm" refer to Yahweh's strength. Together they emphasize how great his strength is. AT: "his very great power has" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

right hand

the more powerful and skilled hand

holy arm

Here "arm" is a metonym for power. AT: "the power that is his alone" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

have given him victory

This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "victory." AT: "have enabled him to be victorious over his enemies" or "has enabled him to defeat his enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

made known his salvation

The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated using the verb "save." AT: "showed people that he saves his people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

showed his justice to all the nations

The abstract noun "justice" can be translated using the adjective "just." The word "nations" is a metonym for "the people who live in all the nations." AT: "showed the people who live in all the nations that he is just" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 98:3-4

calls to mind

"remembers." See how "call to mind" is translated in Psalms 20:3. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

all the ends of the earth ... all the earth

These are metonyms for the people of the earth. AT: "people from all over the world ... all people in the world" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

will see the victory of our God

The abstract noun "victory" can be translated using the verb "defeat." AT: "will see our God defeat his enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

burst into song

"suddenly begin singing happily"

sing for joy

"sing because you are happy"

sing praises

"sing praises to God"

translationWords

Psalms 98:5-6

melodious

delightful or pleasing musical sound

the horn

an animal horn used as a musical instrument

make a joyful noise

"raise a shout." See how "shout" is translated in Psalms 47:1.

translationWords

Psalms 98:7-9

Let the sea shout and everything in it

The psalmist speaks as if the sea were a person who could shout to God. AT: "Let it be as if the sea and everything in it shout" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

the world and those who live in it

The psalmist speaks as if the world were a person. AT: "and let the world and those who live in it shout" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Let the rivers clap their hands, and let the mountains shout for joy

The psalmist speaks as if the rivers and mountains were people who could clap and shout. AT: "Let it be as though the rivers are clapping their hands and mountains were shouting for joy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

the world ... the nations

These phrases are metonyms for "the people in the world" and "the people who live in the nations." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the nations with fairness

The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "he will judge the nations with fairness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

with fairness

"honestly" or "using the same standard for everyone"

translationWords

Psalms 99

Psalms 99:intro-0

Psalm 099 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 99 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's justice

God is just and fair. Moses, Aaron and Samuel each prayed to him and obeyed him and he answered their prayers. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/justice.md]])

Psalms 99:1-3

General Information:

the nations

This refers to the people of all nations. AT: "the people of all nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

tremble

shake with fear

He sits enthroned above the cherubim

You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. AT: "He sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

quakes

shakes

Yahweh is great in Zion; he is exalted above all the nations

"Not only is Yahweh great in Zion, he is exalted above all the nations" or "Not only does Yahweh rule in Zion, he rules over all the nations"

he is exalted above all the nations

This can be stated in active form. AT: "people in all the nations exalt him" or "people in all nations praise him greatly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Let them praise your great and awesome name

Here the author shifts from speaking about God, to speaking to God. After this phrase though, he shifts back to speaking about God.

translationWords

Psalms 99:4-5

he loves justice

The abstract noun "justice" can be translated using the phrase "what is just." AT: "he loves doing what is just" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

You have established fairness

The abstract noun "fairness" is a metonym for the laws that are fair. AT: "The laws you have established are fair" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

worship at his footstool

Here the word "footstool" likely refers to the ark of the covenant, which the biblical writers often spoke of as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. The translation can make explicit that the people are to worship Yahweh. AT: "worship Yahweh at his footstool" or "worship Yahweh before his throne in the temple" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 99:6-7

solemn

"sacred"

translationWords

Psalms 99:8-9

You answered them

"You answered your people"

his holy hill

"Mount Zion"

translationWords

Psalms 100

Psalms 100:intro-0

Psalm 100 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 100 is the last of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's care for his creation

God made mankind and takes good care of people.

Psalms 100:1-2

General Information:

Shout joyfully to Yahweh

"Raise a shout to Yahweh." See how "shout" is translated in Psalms 47:1.

all the earth

This refers to all the people of the earth. AT: "everyone on the earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

come before his presence

The psalmist speaks as if he is telling the readers to go into the throne room of a king. AT: "go to where he is with joyful singing" or "he can hear you, so sing joyfully" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 100:3

the sheep of his pasture

God's people are like his sheep. AT: "the people God provides for and protects" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

pasture

a grassy area for feeding animals

translationWords

Psalms 100:4-5

with thanksgiving

"while thanking him" or "while giving thanks to him"

bless his name

his covenant faithfulness endures forever

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "he is faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

his truthfulness through all generations

The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The abstract noun "truthfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "his truthfulness endures through all generations" or "he is truthful through all generations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

through all generations

"generation after generation." See how this is translated in Psalms 89:4.

translationWords

Psalms 101

Psalms 101:intro-0

Psalm 101 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 101 is a psalm asking God's help in living as a person should.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Encouragement

The psalmist wanted to encourage all the good people in the land and restrain all the evil people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])

Psalms 101:1

General Information:

I will sing of covenant faithfulness and justice

The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "justice" can be translated with adjectives. AT: "I will sing that you are faithful to your covenant and that you are just" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Psalms 102:intro-0

Psalm 102 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 102 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Salvation

The author does not want to die young. He also wants to see Jerusalem saved. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/salvation.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/save.md]])

I lie awake like a solitary bird

The writer compares himself to a bird to emphasize his feeling of loneliness. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 102:9-10

I eat ashes like bread

David would have sat in ashes as an act of mourning, therefore ashes would have fallen on his food. AT: "I eat ashes like I eat bread" or "As I mourn, ashes fall on the bread that I eat" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

mix my drink with tears

David did not purposefully mix his drink with tears; rather his tear would have fallen into his cup while he mourned and wept. AT: "my tears fall into the cup that I drink" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

you have lifted me up to throw me down

God has not literally lifted and thrown David's body to the ground; rather David says this to describe what he is feeling and experiencing. AT: "it is like you have lifted me up to throw me down" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 102:11-12

My days are like a shadow that fades

David compares his time left to live on earth to a fading shadow. AT: "My time to remain alive is short like an evening shadow that will soon be gone" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

I have withered like grass

As David's body becomes weak and he is nearing the end of his life, he compares himself to withering grass. AT: "my body has become weak like withered grass" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

withered

dry and wrinkled

your fame is for all generations

"you will be recognized for all generations to come"

fame

being known by many people

translationWords

Psalms 102:13-16

have mercy on Zion

Here "Zion" refers to the people who live in Zion. AT: "have mercy on the people of Zion" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

upon her

The word "her" refers to Zion.

hold her stones dear

The "stones" refer to the stones that were part of the city walls before they were destroyed. AT: "still love the stones that were formerly in the city walls" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

your name

Here "your name" refers to Yahweh. AT: "you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

will honor your glory

The people will honor Yahweh because of his glory. Here Yahweh is referred to by his glory. AT: "will honor you because you are glorious" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

will appear in his glory

"will be seen as glorious" or "people will see his glory"

translationWords

Psalms 102:17-18

the destitute

This refers to destitute people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

he will not reject their prayer

This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Yahweh will accept their prayers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublenegatives/01.md]])

This will be written for future generations

This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will write this for future generations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 102:19-20

For he has looked down from the holy heights; from heaven Yahweh has viewed

These two phrases have similar meaning and are used together for emphasize how God looks down from heaven. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

the holy heights

"his holy place high above the earth"

those who were condemned to death

This can be stated in active form. AT: "those whom the authorities had sentenced to die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 102:21-22

proclaim the name of Yahweh in Zion and his praise in Jerusalem

These two phrases have the same meaning and emphasize the idea of praising the name of Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 102:23-24

taken away my strength

David describes God causing him to become weak as if his strength were a physical item that could be taken away from him. AT: "has caused me to become weak" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my days

The word "days" here refers to his life. AT: "my life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

do not take me away

David is asking God to not let him die. AT: "do not take me away from the earth" or "do not let me die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you are here throughout all generations

"you are present throughout all generations"

translationWords

Psalms 102:25-27

they will all grow old

The word "they" refers to "the earth" and "the heavens."

your years will have no end

Here David describes the length of time that God is alive as his "years." This can be written in positive form. AT: "you will live forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublenegatives/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 102:28

will live on

"will continue to live"

live in your presence

Here David describes the descendants being protected by Yahweh as being in his presence. AT: "be protected as they live in your presence" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 103

Psalms 103:intro-0

Psalm 103 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 103 is the first in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107)

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's grace

God is good to us by forgiving our sins and not punishing us as much as we deserve. His loving-kindness goes on from generation to generation. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/grace.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/forgive.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]])

Psalms 103:1-2

General Information:

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

I give praise to Yahweh with all my life, and with all that is within me, I give praise to his holy name

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much he will praise Yahweh. AT: "I will praise Yahweh with all that I am" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

give praise to his holy name

This refers to praising Yahweh's name as Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

all that is within me

"all of me" or "all that I am." David uses this phrase to refer to himself and to emphasize his devotion to Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 103:3-5

your ... you

David is speaking to himself, so he uses the words "your" and "you" to refer to himself. Many translations express this with "my" and "me" as the UDB does.

He redeems your life from destruction

This means that Yahweh keeps him alive. AT: "He saves me from dying" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he crowns you with covenant faithfulness and acts of tender mercy

Here blessing someone and treating them with great honor is described as if it were placing a crown on that person's head. The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "mercy" can be translated with adverbs. AT: "he blesses you by acting faithfully and mercifully towards you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

He satisfies your life with good things

The phrase "your life" refers to "you," but it emphasizes that Yahweh gives blessings throughout life. AT: "He satisfies you with good things through your life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

your youth is renewed like the eagle

Having your "youth renewed" means to feel young again. Here David compares this feeling of youth to the swiftness and strength of an eagle. AT: "you feel young and are strong like an eagle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

your youth

The word "youth" refers to the strength one had as a young adult. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 103:6-8

does acts of justice for

"causes justice to happen to"

all who are oppressed

Who is doing the oppressing can be stated explicitly. AT: "all who are oppressed by men" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

his deeds to the descendants of Israel

The words "he made known" are understood from the previous phrase. They may be repeated here. AT: "he made known his deeds to the descendants of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

has great covenant loyalty

"is full of mercy and love"

translationWords

Psalms 103:9-10

He will not always discipline; he is not always angry

These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

He does not deal with us ... or repay us

These two phrases are parallel and emphasize that God does not punish us as we deserve. AT: "He does not repay us with the punishment we deserve for our sins" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

deal with us

"punish us"

translationWords

Psalms 103:11-13

For as the skies are high ... toward those who honor him

The simile compares the great distance between heaven and earth to the greatness of God's love for his people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

so great is his covenant faithfulness

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "so he is very faithful to his covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

As far as the east ... removed the guilt of our sins from us

The distance between east and west is so far that it cannot be measured. In this simile, that distance is being compared to how far God moves our guilt away from us. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

As a father has compassion ... on those who honor him

Here the author compares a father's compassion for his children to Yahweh's compassion for those who honor him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 103:14-16

how we are formed

This can be stated in active form. AT: "what our bodies are like" or "how he formed our bodies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

he knows that we are dust

When Yahweh created Adam the first man he created him from dust. AT: "he remembers that he created us from dust" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

As for man, his days are like grass

In this simile, the length of man's life is being compared to the short length of time that grass grows before it dies. AT: "The length of man's life is short like that of grass" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

he flourishes like a flower in a field

In this simile, how man grows over time is compared to how a flower grows. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

flourishes

To "flourish" is to grow well or be healthy.

The wind blows over it, and it disappears ... where it once grew

These phrases continue to talk about flowers and grass. They compare how flowers and grass die to how man dies. AT: "The wind blows over the flowers and grass and they disappear, and no one can tell where they once grew—it is the same way with man" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/know.md]]

Psalms 103:17-19

the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh is

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Yahweh is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

is from everlasting to everlasting

This means that Yahweh's love continues forever. AT: "will continue forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

their descendants

"the descendants of those who honor him"

They keep his covenant and remember to obey his instructions

These two phrases have similar meanings. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Yahweh has established his throne in the heavens

Here Yahweh's reign as king is referred to as his "throne." AT: "Yahweh has taken his seat in the heavens where he rules as king" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

established

"made"

his kingdom rules

Here Yahweh is referred to by "his kingdom" to emphasize his authority as king. AT: "he rules" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 103:20-22

carry out his will

This is an idiom meaning to "do his will." AT: "do his will" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

in all the places where he reigns

"praise him in all the places where he reigns"

with all my life

This phrase means that he will praise Yahweh wholeheartedly and is used to emphasize his devotion to him. AT: "with all of me" or "with all my soul" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 104

Psalms 104:intro-0

Psalm 104 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 104 is the second in the series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107)

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's creation

God has created everything good on earth, in the sky and in the sea.

Psalms 104:1-3

General Information:

This psalm is a song of praise.

with all my life

This phrase means that he will praise Yahweh wholeheartedly and is used to emphasize his devotion to him. AT: "with all of me" or "with all my soul"(See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

you are clothed with splendor and majesty

The words "splendor" and "majesty" have similar meanings and emphasize the greatness of Yahweh's glory. They are described as clothing Yahweh like a garment. AT: "you have splendor and majesty all around you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

You cover yourself with light as with a garment

Yahweh is described as being covered with light as if the light were a garment around him. AT: "You are covered in light" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

you spread out the heavens like a tent curtain

Here God is described as spreading out the heavens like someone spreads out a tent when setting it up. AT: "you spread out the heavens like someone sets up a tent" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

You lay the beams of your chambers on the clouds

"You build your upper rooms in the heavens." This is referring to his house is so tall that the upper floor extends into the clouds.

you make the clouds your chariot

Here the clouds are described as carrying Yahweh as if they were a chariot. AT: "you make the clouds carry you like a chariot" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you walk on the wings of the wind

Here the blowing of the wind is described as wings on which Yahweh walks. AT: "you walk upon the wind" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 104:4-5

He makes the winds his messengers

Possible meanings are 1) he causes the wind to be able to carry a message like a messenger, "He makes the winds to be like his messengers" or 2) "He makes his messengers swift like the wind" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

flames of fire his servants

Possible meanings are 1) "he causes flames of fire to be like his servants." He causes fire to serve him like a servant would or 2) "he makes his servants to be like flames of fire"and (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

flames of fire his servants

This can be stated with the implied information from the previous line. AT: "He makes the flames of fire his servants" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

He laid the foundations of the earth

Here the phrase "laid the foundations" means "created." AT: "He created the whole earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 104:6-7

You covered the earth with water like a garment

Here the water that covered the earth is being compared to how a large garment is able to completely cover something. AT: "You completely covered the earth with water" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Your rebuke made the waters ... they fled

These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how God spoke and the waters went away. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

recede

"retreat" or "move back"

they fled

Here the psalmist speaks about the waters receding as if they fled like an animal after hearing Yahweh's voice. The word "fled" means to run away quickly. AT: "rushed away" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 104:8-9

The mountains rose, and the valleys spread out

Here the psalmist speaks of God causing the mountains and valleys to move and change as if they chose to move themselves. They are described this way to emphasize God's power. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

a boundary for them that they will not cross

Here the psalmist speaks of God causing the waters not to cross the boundary that he created for them as if the waters themselves chose not to cross it. They are described this way to emphasize God's authority over them. AT: "a boundary for them that they cannot cross" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

boundary

"line" or "border"

for them

The word "them" refers to the waters.

translationWords

Psalms 104:10-12

streams

small rivers

the wild donkeys quench their thirst

It can be stated clearly that they quench their thirst by drinking the water. AT: "the wild donkeys drink the water to quench their thirst" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

riverbanks

the ground at the edges of a river

they sing among the branches

Here David describes birds chirping as if they were singing. AT: "they chirp among the tree branches" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 104:13-15

He waters the mountains from his water chambers in the sky

This means that God causes it to rain. The waters are described as residing in chambers in the sky. AT: "He waters the mountains by causing the rains to fall from the sky" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the fruit of his labor

"the many good things that you create"

and plants for man to cultivate

The words "he makes" and "grow" are understood from the previous phrase, and can be repeated here. AT: "and he makes the plants grow for man to cultivate" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 104:16-18

The trees of Yahweh get plenty of rain

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh provides plenty of rain for his trees" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

There the birds make their nests

They makes their nests in the cedars. This can be stated clearly. AT: "The birds make their nests in the cedars" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

stork

This is a type of bird. AT: "bird"

hyraxes

I hyrax is a small animal that looks like a large rodent. AT: "rock badger"

translationWords

Psalms 104:19-20

seasons

This word refers to different weather changes through the year. Some places have rainy season and dry season, while others have spring, summer, fall, and winter.

the sun knows its time

Here David describes the sun as if it knows what time of day it is. AT: "he made the sun to set when it is time" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

You make

"Yahweh, you make." Here the authors switches from speaking about Yahweh to speaking to him.

translationWords

Psalms 104:21-22

prey

This is an animal that is food for another animal.

and seek their food from God

"but they rely on God to provide their food"

retreat

"go back" or "move away"

dens

the homes of some mammals and small animals

translationWords

Psalms 104:23-24

overflows with your works

Here David describes the amount of things that Yahweh had created as if they were a liquid overflowing out of a container. AT: "is filled with your work" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 104:25-26

deep and wide

"it is very deep and very wide." The depth and width of the sea emphasizes how large it is. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

teeming

"overflowing"

innumerable

"uncountable"

both small and great

This means creatures of all sizes. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

The ships travel there

"The ships travel on the sea"

translationWords

Psalms 104:27-28

All these

"All these creatures"

give them their food on time

"give them their food when they need it"

When you give to them, they gather

It may be helpful to state that it is food that is given. AT: "When you give food to them, they gather it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

gather

"collect"

when you open your hand

This describes Yahweh as opening his hand to give food to the creatures. AT: "when you open your hand to feed them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/hand.md]]

Psalms 104:29-30

hide your face

This means that Yahweh does not look at them or pay attention to them. AT: "when you do not look upon them" or "when you ignore them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

return to dust

This means that their bodies decay and are and become soil again. AT: "their bodies decay and return to the ground" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

When you send out your Spirit

This refers to his Spirit being sent to give life to creatures. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

they are created

It is Yahweh's spirit that created them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

you renew the countryside

"you cause the land to be full of new life"

translationWords

Psalms 104:31-32

translationWords

Psalms 104:33-34

my thoughts be sweet

He is comparing his thoughts to something that tastes sweet. AT: "my thoughts be pleasing" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 104:35

vanish

"disappear"

let the wicked be no more

The phrase "the wicked" refers to wicked people. AT: "may wicked people disappear" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 105

Psalms 105:intro-0

Psalm 105 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 105 is the third in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107)

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's protection

God protected Abraham and Jacob. He worked throughout Israel's history to bring Israel into the Promised Land. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/promisedland.md]])

Psalms 105:1-3

General Information:

call on his name ... Boast in his holy name

Here "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "call on him ... Boast in Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the nations

This refers to the people in the nations. AT: "the people of the nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

let the heart of those who seek Yahweh rejoice

Here "the heart" represents the person who seeks Yahweh. AT: "let the people who seek Yahweh rejoice" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 105:4-6

Seek Yahweh and his strength

To "seek Yahweh's strength" means to ask him to strengthen you. AT: "Seek Yahweh and ask him to give you his strength" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Recall

remember and think about

his miracles and

The word "recall" is understood from the previous phrase. AT: "recall his miracles and" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

the decrees from his mouth

Here "mouth" refers to the things that he spoke. AT: "the decrees that he has spoken" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

you descendants of Abraham ... you people of Jacob

The author is speaking to the Israelites, calling them these names.

Abraham his servant

"Abraham, Yahweh's servant"

They went from

"They continued to wander"

from nation to nation and from one kingdom to another

These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 105:14-15

Connecting Statement:

The psalmist is writing about Israel.

for their sakes

"for their own well-being." This is referring to Israel.

Do not touch my anointed ones

Here "touch" means to harm, it's an exaggeration Yahweh used to strengthen his warning to not harm his people. AT: "Do not harm the people I have anointed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 105:16-17

He called for

"He sent." This means that caused a famine to happen in the land. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

the whole supply of bread

Here "bread" refers to food in general. AT: "the whole supply of food" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

He sent a man ahead of them; Joseph

It may be helpful to state that he sent him ahead of them to Egypt. AT: "He sent a man ahead of them to Egypt; he sent Joseph who" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Joseph was sold as a servant

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Joseph's brothers sold him as a slave" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the land of Ham

Ham was an ancestor of the people of Egypt. AT: "the land of Ham's descendants" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 105:28-30

made that land dark

"made the sky dark"

frogs

a small jumping reptile

even in the rooms of their rulers

"they were even in the rooms of their rulers"

translationWords

Psalms 105:31-33

Connecting Statement:

The psalmist continues to describe Yahweh's judgment on Egypt.

swarms

large flying groups

gnats

small flying insects like flies but smaller

hail

ice that falls from the sky like rain

He destroyed ... he broke

God caused the hail, rain, and lightning to ruin the vines and trees. AT: "He caused it to destroy ... and to break" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 105:34-36

so many locusts

"there were so many locusts"

The locusts ate up all of the vegetation ... They ate up all the crops of the ground

These two phrase have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "The insects ate all the plants and all the crops in the land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

He killed every firstborn in their land, the firstfruits of all their strength

Here the second phrase about the "firstfruits" is used to describe the "firstborn" in the first phrase. AT: "He killed every firstborn in their land, which were the firstfruits of all their strength" or "Then Yahweh killed the oldest son in every house of the people of Egypt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 105:37-39

He brought the Israelites out with silver and gold

When the Israelites left Egypt they took silver and gold with them. AT: "He brought the Isrealites out of Egypt with silver and gold in their possession" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

none of his tribes stumbled on the way

No one was left behind. This can be stated positively AT: "all of his tribes was able to make the journey" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublenegatives/01.md]])

Egypt was glad

Here "Egypt" refers to the people who live in Egypt. AT: The people of Egypt were glad (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

He spread a cloud for a covering

Here the psalmist describes Yahweh placing a cloud in the sky as if he were spreading out a garment. The cloud was a "covering" to protect them from the sun. AT: "He placed a cloud in the sky to protect them from the sun and heat" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

made a fire to light up the night

Yahweh placed a pillar of fire in the sky to give light during the night. AT: "placed a fire it the sky to light up the night" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 105:40-42

he brought quail

It may be helpful to make clear that quail are small birds Yahweh sent for them to eat. AT: "Yahweh sent small birds to eat" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

with bread from heaven

Yahweh caused manna, a type of bread, to fall from the sky. AT: "with bread that fell from the sky" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

they flowed

"the waters flowed"

called to mind

This means to remember. AT: "remembered" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 105:43-45

He led his people out ... his chosen with shouts of triumph

These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that God's people were joyful when he led them out of Egypt. The people were shouting joyfully. AT: "He led his chosen people out with shouts of joy and triumph" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

his chosen

Here "chosen" refers to Yahweh's chosen people. AT: "his chosen people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

triumph

"celebration" or "joy"

keep his statutes and obey his laws

These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. "To keep" his statutes means to obey them. AT: "obey his laws and statutes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 106

Psalms 106:intro-0

Psalm 106 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 106 is the fourth in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107)

Special concepts in this chapter

# Israel's sin

Although Israel continually sinned in the desert, God still took them to the Promised Land. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/promisedland.md]])

Psalms 106:1-2

General Information:

for his covenant faithfulness endures forever

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "for he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Who can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh ... deeds?

The author asks this question to praise God and does not expect an answer. AT: "No one can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh ... deeds." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

praiseworthy deeds

"deeds that are worthy of praise"

translationWords

Psalms 106:3-5

Call me to mind

The phrase "call to mind" means to remember something. AT: "remember me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

of your chosen

The word "chosen" refers to Yahweh's chosen people. AT: "of your chosen people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

rejoice in the gladness ... and glory

These are things that David says he will do, along with "seeing the prosperity of your chosen." The words "I will" may be repeated here. AT: "I will rejoice in the gladness ... and I will glory" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

gladness

"joy" or "delight"

glory with your inheritance

Here the phrase "your inheritance" refers to the Isrealites, who are Yahweh's chosen people. Here "glory" means "to boast about" something; in this case they are boasting about Yahweh. AT: "boast of your greatness with your people" or "boast with your people about you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 106:6-7

did not appreciate your marvelous deeds

"were not grateful for the marvelous deed you did"

they ignored your many acts of covenant faithfulness

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "they ignored the many things that you did because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

at the sea ... the Sea of Reeds

These two phrases refer to the same sea. The second is the name of the sea.

translationWords

Psalms 106:8-9

Nevertheless, he

"Even though what I have just said is true, he"

for his name's sake

Here "his name" refers to Yahweh. AT: "for the sake of his own reputation" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

through the depths, as through a wilderness

Here David compares the way that Yahweh led the Isrealites through the Sea of Reeds to the way people can be led across the dry ground of a wilderness. "The depths" refers the riverbed that appeared after Yahweh parted the waters. AT: "through the Seas of Reeds on dry ground" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 106:10-12

He saved them from the hand ... and he rescued them from the hand

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize that Yahweh saved them from their enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

the hand of those who hated them

Here "hand" refers to power or control. AT: "the power of those who hated them" or "the control of those who hated them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

covered their adversaries

This is a polite way to talk about them drowning. AT: "drowned their enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

Then they believed his words

Here the word "they" refers to "their ancestors" and the word "his" refers to "Yahweh."

translationWords

Psalms 106:13-15

they did not wait for his instructions

It is implied that they did things without waiting to find out what Yahweh wanted them to go. AT: "they did things without first waiting for Yahweh's instructions" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

insatiable cravings

"cravings that could not be satisfied"

they challenged God

"They rebelled against God"

consumed

"overtook" or "took over"

but sent a disease

Here David speaks about Yahweh causing the people to be afflicted by a disease as if Yahweh sent a disease to them in the same way that someone sends a person or a messenger. AT: "but he caused a disease to consume their bodies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 106:16-18

In the camp

This refers to the Israelites' camp in the wilderness. AT: "In the camp in the wilderness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

The earth opened and swallowed up

Here how the ground opens up and buries the people is being compared to how a creature swallows something. AT: "The earth opened and buried" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Dathan

This was an official who rebelled against Moses. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

covered the followers of Abiram

The followers of Abiram were also buried when the earth opened and buried Dathan. AT: "it also covered the followers of Abiram" or "it also buried the followers of Abiram" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

Abiram

This was an official who rebelled against Moses. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Fire broke out among them; the fire consumed the wicked

These two phrases mean the same things and are written together to emphasize how the wicked people were killed by the fire. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 106:19-21

They made a calf at Horeb and worshiped a cast metal figure

This information can be reordered so that it is clear that the calf was the cast metal figure. AT: "At Horeb, they made a cast metal figure of a calf and worshiped it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

They traded the glory of God for the image of a bull

This means that instead of worshiping God they worshiped the image of the bull. AT: "They traded worshiping the glory of God to worship the image of a bull" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the glory of God

Here God is referred to by his glory. AT: "their glorious God" or "God who is glorious" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 106:22-23

the land of Ham

This refers to the land where Ham's descendants lived. AT: "the land where Ham's descendant live" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-possession/01.md]])

mighty acts

"awesome things"

stood in the breach before him, to turn away his anger from destroying them

Here David speaks about Moses persuading Yahweh not to destroy the Israelites as intervening with him in the breach. AT: "stood between Yahweh and the Israelites and begged Yahweh to not destroy them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 106:24-25

grumbled

"complained"

his promise

This refers to Yahweh's promise that he would allow them to take the land of Canaan as their possession.

translationWords

Psalms 106:26-27

raised his hand

The word "his" refers to Yahweh. Also, it was custom to raise a hand when swearing an oath.

scatter their descendants ... in foreign lands

These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. AT: "and that he would make their descendants live in foreign lands" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

scatter

This means to disperse or spread out something.

translationWords

Psalms 106:28-29

the sacrifices offered to the dead

This can be stated in active form. AT: "the sacrifices that they offered to the dead" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

to the dead

"The dead" refers to the idols and gods that the Israelites were worshiping. AT: "to gods who are dead" or "to lifeless gods" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

a plague broke out

"a plague spread"

provoked him to anger

"angered him"

translationWords

Psalms 106:30-31

Then Phinehas rose to intervene

Phinehas intervened among the people, punishing them for their sin. This can be made clear. AT: "Then Phinehas rose to intervene among the people because of their sin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

It was counted to him as a righteous deed

This can be stated in active form. AT: "People credited it to him as a righteous deed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 106:32-36

Meribah

This is a place. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

suffered because of them

Moses suffered because of the peoples' sin. Here the word "them" is a pronoun for the people and a metonym referring to their sin. AT: "suffered because of their actions" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

but they mingled with the nations

Hey David speaks of the people intermarrying with the women from other nations as "mingling" with them. AT: "but they mixed in marriage with the other nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

which became a snare to them

The idols became a snare to them.

translationWords

Psalms 106:37-39

from everlasting to everlasting

This refers to two extremes and means for all time. See how you translated this in Psalms 41:13. AT: "for all eternity" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 107

Psalms 107:intro-0

Psalm 107 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 107 is the last in a series of five psalms of praise to God (Psalm 103-107).

Special concepts in this chapter

# Praise

The psalmist praises Yahweh for saving people lost in the desert, in prison, sick, in a storm at sea, homeless and oppressed. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/save.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/oppress.md]])

Psalms 107:1-3

General Information:

his covenant faithfulness endures forever

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the redeemed of Yahweh

"The redeemed" refers to the people whom Yahweh has saved. AT: "those whom Yahweh has saved" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

speak out

This means to tell others about something. AT: "tell about what Yahweh has done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

from the hand of the enemy

Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "from the power of the enemy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

from the east ... and from the south

Here the four directions are given to emphasize that he gather them from everywhere. AT: "from every direction" or "from every part of the world" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south

This describes the places that Yahweh gather his people from. AT: "he has gathered them from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 107:4-7

They wandered

"Some people wandered"

on a desert road

"on a road that was in the desert"

in which to live

"that they could live in"

Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble

It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. AT: "Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

distress

"difficulties" or "afflictions"

translationWords

Psalms 107:8-10

Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness

Here the word "Oh" is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" or "People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclamations/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

humanity

"people" or "humans"

For he satisfies the longings of those who are thirsty

"For he gives water to those who desire it—to those who are thirsty"

the desires of those who are hungry he fills up with good things

"to those who are very hungry and desire food, he give them good things to eat"

for humanity

"for all people"

Some sat

It is implied that these are people that Yahweh has rescued. AT: "Yahweh also rescued people who sat" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

in darkness and in gloom

Both "darkness" and "gloom" have basically the same meaning and are used to emphasize how dark the prison was. AT: "in complete darkness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 107:11-13

they had rebelled against God's word ... rejected the instruction of the Most High

These phrases have similar meanings and emphasize how much they had rebelled again God, which is why they had been imprisoned. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

He humbled their hearts through hardship

Here the heart represents a person, but specifically his will. AT: "He humbled them by allowing them to suffer hardship" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

hardship

Possible meanings are 1) "trouble" or 2) "hard labor."

they stumbled and there was no one to help them up

The word "stumbled" refers to times when these people got into very difficult situations. AT: "they got into trouble and there was no one to help them out of it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble

It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in Psalms 107:6. AT: "Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

their distress

"difficulties" or "afflictions." See how you translated this in Psalms 107:6

he brought

Here David describes Yahweh saving them from their distress as if their distress were a physical place that he was bringing them out of. AT: "he saved" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 107:14-16

He brought them

"Yahweh brought those in prison"

darkness and gloom

Both "darkness" and "gloom" have basically the same meaning and are used to emphasize how dark the prison was. See how you translated this in Psalms 107:10. AT: "complete darkness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness

Here the word "Oh" is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in Psalms 107:8. AT: "Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" or "People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclamations/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

For he

"because he"

For he has broken the gates of bronze and cut through the bars of iron

Both of these phrases describe Yahweh freeing his people from prison and are used to emphasize that Yahweh truly freed them. AT: "He freed his people from prison" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 107:17-19

They were foolish in their rebellious ways

"They were foolish in the way they rebelled against Yahweh"

afflicted

"they suffered." Specifically they were afflicted by becoming sick. AT: "they became sick" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

they came close to the gates of death

Here the act of "dying" is described as a place, "the gates of death" AT: "they almost died" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble

translationWords

Psalms 107:20-22

He sent his word and healed them

Here David describes Yahweh speaking as sending his words as if they were a messenger. Possible meanings are 1) "He commanded for them to be healed and they were healed" or 2) "He encouraged them and healed them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness

of thanksgiving

"that show that they are thankful"

in singing

"by singing about them"

translationWords

Psalms 107:23-24

and do business overseas

They would sail to places and buy and sell things with the people there. AT: "selling things in cities far away" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 107:25-27

he commanded and aroused the windstorm that stirs up the seas

"he commanded the wind and caused it become a great windstorm that stirred up the sea"

windstorm

a strong wind, like the wind that accompanies a strong rain storm

that stirs up the seas

Here David describes the winds causing the waves to become high as if the wind was an object fiercely stirring something. AT: "that caused the waves of the sea to become very high" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

They reached up to the sky; they went down to the depths

This describes the ships rising and falling with the waves. The extremes of rising to the sky and falling to the depths are an exaggeration to express how horrible the windstorm was and how large the waves were. AT: "their ships would rise very high on the waves and then they would fall very low between the waves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

Their lives melted away in distress

This idiom describes the sailors' great fear. AT: "The men were terrified and greatly distressed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

were at their wits' end

The phrase "at their wit's end" means that they did not know what to do. AT: "and they did not know what to do" or "they had no idea what to do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 107:28-30

Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble

Then they

The word "they" refers to the sailors.

He calmed the storm

"He made the wind stop"

the waves were stilled

This can be stated in active form. AT: "he made the waves still" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

he brought them

"he guided them"

their desired harbor

"to the harbor where they wanted to go"

translationWords

The upright

This refers to people who live in an upright way. AT: "Upright people" or "People who do what is right" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

all wickedness

Here wicked people are referred to as "wickedness." AT: "all wicked people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

shuts its mouth

This means to not say anything in response. AT: "has nothing to say against Yahweh in reply" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

take note of these things

This means to think about these things. AT: "think about these things" or "remember these things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

meditate on Yahweh's acts of covenant faithfulness

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "meditate on the things that Yahweh has done that show that he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 108

Psalms 108:intro-0

Psalm 108 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 108 is a psalm of war.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Victory

God promised success to the psalmist, but Yahweh failed to help him conquer the country of Edom. He needed God to give him victory over Edom.

Psalms 108:1-2

General Information:

a psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

My heart is fixed, God

Here David is referring to himself by his heart. Also, the word "fixed" means to trust completely. AT: "My heart is fixed on you, God" or "I am trusting completely in you, God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

I will sing praises also with my honored heart

Here David is represented by his "heart." David refers to himself as having the honor of praising God. AT: "You honor me by allowing me to sing praises to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Wake up, lute and harp

Here David describes playing his instruments as waking them up from sleep. AT: "I will praise you by playing the lute and the harp" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

I will wake up the dawn

Here David is describing the dawn waking up like a person waking up in the morning. AT: "I will be praising you when the dawn comes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

dawn

when the sun rises

translationWords

Psalms 108:3-4

your covenant faithfulness is great above the heavens; and your trustworthiness reaches to the skies

These two phrases have similar meanings. They speak of the greatness of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness as if they were objects that were tall enough to reach up to the sky. The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "trustworthiness" can be translated as adjectives. AT: "For your covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness are greater than the distance between heaven and earth" or "For you are more faithful to your covenant and more worthy of people trusting you than the sky is higher than the earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 108:5-6

Be exalted, God, above the heavens

may your glory be exalted

Here Yahweh is referred to by his "glory." AT: "may you be exalted" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

So that those you love may be rescued

This can be stated in active form. AT: Because those you love need rescuing" or "Rescue those you love" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

with your right hand

Here Yahweh's "right hand" refers to his power. AT: "by your power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

answer me

Answering here represents responding to his request. AT: "respond to my request" or "answer my prayer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 108:7-8

General Information:

These verses are the same as those in Psalms 60:6-7.

God has spoken in his holiness

Here David describes God speaking something because he is holy as speaking "in his holiness," as if his holiness were something that he was physically inside of. AT: "God, because he is holy, has said" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will divide Shechem and apportion out the Valley of Succoth

Here God is speaking about dividing the land of Shechem and the Valley of Succoth.

apportion

to divide into portions

Ephraim also is my helmet

God speaks of the tribe of Ephraim as if it were his army. The helmet symbolizes equipment for war. AT: "Ephraim is like a helmet I have chosen" or "The tribe of Ephraim is my army" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

helmet

a hard hat that soldiers wear to protect their heads from injury

Judah is my scepter

God chose men from the tribe of Judah to be the kings of his people, and he speaks of that tribe as if it were his scepter. AT: "The tribe of Judah is like my scepter" or "Judah is the tribe through whom I rule my people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 108:9-10

General Information:

These verses are the same as those in Psalms 60:8-9.

Moab is my washbasin

over Edom I will throw my shoe

translationWords

Psalms 108:11-13

General Information:

These verses are the same as those in Psalms 60:10-12, but notice that 108:11 does not have the phrase "But you," like the beginning of 60:10.

God, have you not rejected us?

The psalmist uses this question to express his sadness that it seems that God has rejected them. AT: "It seems like you have rejected us!" or "God, you seem to have abandoned us!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

You do not go into battle with our army

futile

"worthless"

triumph

"have victory"

he will trample down our enemies

The psalmist speaks of God helping their army defeat their enemies as if God were to trample down the enemies. AT: "he will enable us to trample down our enemies" or "he will make us able to defeat our enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 109

Psalms 109:intro-0

Psalm 109 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 109 is a psalm of vengeance against an enemy who has lied about him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/avenge.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Enemies destroyed

This enemy lied about the psalmist. So he asked God to completely destroy his enemy and his enemy's family.

Psalms 109:1-3

General Information:

For the chief musician

"This is for the director of music to use in worship."

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

For the wicked and deceitful

The words "wicked" and "deceitful" refer to people. They have similar meanings and emphasize how bad these people are. AT: "For wicked and deceitful men" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

the creditor

someone who lends money to another person but expects that the person will pay the money back

plunder

"steal"

May his children be cut off; may their name be blotted out

These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize his children being destroyed. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

May his children be cut off

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Cause his children to be cut off" or "Cause his children to die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

may their name be blotted out in the next generation

Here the idea of there being no one to carry on the family name is spoke of as "their name being blotted out." AT: "may there be no one to carry on his name" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 109:14-16

May his ancestors' sins be mentioned to Yahweh

This can be stated in active form. AT: "May you remember the sins of his ancestors, Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

may the sin of his mother not be forgotten

This can be stated in active form. AT: "May you not forget the sins that his mother committed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

May their guilt always be before Yahweh

Here David speaks about Yahweh thinking about their guilt as if their guilt is something physically present before him. AT: "May Yahweh continually think about their sins" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

may Yahweh cut off their memory from the earth

David uses the word "earth" to refer to all the people that live on the earth. Also, the phrase "their memory" refers to people remembering them after they have died. AT: "may Yahweh make it so that no one on earth remembers them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness

This refers to him showing covenant faithfulness to people. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness to people" or "this man never did anything to show that he was faithful to his covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the oppressed, the needy

This refers to oppressed and needy people. AT: "oppressed people, needy people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

the disheartened

This refers to people who are disheartened. AT: "disheartened people" or "people who have lost hope" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

to death

"until they died." This means that he harassed them until they died.

translationWords

Psalms 109:17-18

may it come back upon him

"may his curses come upon him"

He clothed himself with cursing as his garment

David speaks of the wicked person's behavior as if it were his clothing. AT: "He cursed other people as often as he wore clothing" or "He cursed people all the time" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

as his garment

"as if they were his clothing"

his curse came into his inner being like water, like oil into his bones

Possible meanings are: 1) He spoke curses so often that they became a part of his identity. "the curses that he speaks are part of who he is" or 2) the curse that he spoke happened to him. "his whole being was cursed by the curse he spoke" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

like water

This refers to how a person drinks water. AT: "like water a person drinks" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

like oil into his bones

This refers to how oil soaks into bones when rubbed on the skin. AT: "like olive oil soaks into a person's bones when it is rubbed on his skin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 109:19-20

May his curses be to him like the clothes he wears to cover himself

People wore their clothes everyday. David speaks of a wicked person always being cursed as if his curses always covered him as his clothing does. AT: "Let his curses be on him every day like the garment he wears" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

like the belt he always wears

The words "may his curses be to him" are understood from the previous phrase. They may be repeated here. AT: "may his curses be to him like the belt he always wears" or "and let his curses always be on him like the belt he always wears" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

May this be the reward

"May these curses be the reward"

translationWords

Psalms 109:21-23

deal kindly with me

This is a request for Yahweh to treat him kindly. AT: "treat me kindly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

your name's sake

"the sake of your reputation"

Because your covenant faithfulness is good

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Because you are good and are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

oppressed and needy

These two words have similar meanings and emphasize that he is unable to help himself. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

my heart is wounded within me

Here David speaks of being in great despair as his heart being wounded. AT: "I am full of grief and despair" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I am fading away like the shadow ... like a locust

David feels like he is going to die soon and describes this feeling by comparing himself to a fading shadow and to how the wind blows away locust. AT: "I feel like I am about to die, like an evening shadow that will soon disappear, like a locust is easily blown away by the wind" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 109:24-25

My knees are weak

This means that he is weak and it is difficult for him to stand. AT: "I have difficulty standing" or "My body is weak" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

from fasting

"because I am not eating any food"

I am turning to skin and bones

This means that he has lost a lot of weight. AT: "my body has become very thin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

I am disdained by my accusers

This can be stated in active form. AT: "My accusers ridicule me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

shake their heads

This is an act of disapproval.

translationWords

Psalms 109:26-27

save me by your covenant faithfulness

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "save me because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

May they know

The word "they" refers to David's accusers and the people who say bad things about him.

have done this

"have saved me"

translationWords

Psalms 109:28-29

Though they curse me

The word "they" refers to the people who accuse David and say bad things about him.

may they be put to shame

This can be stated in active form. AT: "may they be ashamed" or "let them be ashamed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

but may your servant rejoice

"but may I, your servant, rejoice" or "I am your servant, let me rejoice." David uses the phrase "your servant" to refer to himself.

May my adversaries be clothed ... may they wear

These two phrase have them same meaning and are used together for emphasize how greatly he wishes for them to be ashamed. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

be clothed with shame

Here David speaks of them being ashamed as if were clothing they wore. AT: "be very ashamed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

may they wear their shame like a robe

David speaks of them being ashamed as if it were a robe that they wore. AT: "may their shame cover them just like their robe is wrapped around them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 109:30-31

With my mouth I give

This means that he will speak. AT: "I will speak and give" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

will stand at the right hand of the one who is needy

This means that he will help and defend the poor person. AT: "will defend the one who is needy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 110

Psalms 110:intro-0

Psalm 110 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 110 is a psalm honoring the king as he becomes king and also a prophecy about Christ. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/prophet.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/christ.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# King

The king will be able to conquer his enemies. Christ is seen as both high priest and king. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/highpriest.md]])

Psalms 110:1

General Information:

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

Sit at my right hand

The phrase "my right hand" refers to the place of honor. AT: "Sit at the place of honor which I have for you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

make your enemies your footstool

Here David describes Yahweh placing his master's enemies under his power and control as putting them under his feet like a footstool. AT: "put your enemies under your power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 110:2-3

General Information:

David continues speaking to the king.

Yahweh will hold out the scepter of your strength

Here David speaks of Yahweh extending the area that the king rules as holding out his scepter. AT: "Yahweh will extend the area over which you powerfully rule" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

rule among your enemies

"King, rule among your enemies." This is spoken to the king as a command.

of their own free will

"by their own choice." This means that they will chose to follow the king.

on the day of your power

This refers to the day that the king will lead his armies into battle. This can be stated clearly. AT: "on the day that you lead your armies into battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

from the womb of the dawn ... like the dew

David describes the dew as a baby to whom the dawn gives birth. AT: "in the morning ... like the dew" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

from the womb of the dawn your youth will be to you like the dew

David is telling the king that he will have youthful strength each morning by comparing it to how the dew appears early each morning. AT: "each morning you will be filled with youthful strength to sustain you just like each morning the dew appears to water and sustain the earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 110:4

You are

Yahweh is speaking to the lord, the one David calls "my master" in Psalms 110:1.

will not change

This means that he will not change what he has said. AT: "will not change his mind" or "will not change what he has said" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

after the manner of Melchizedek

The idea of being priest is understood from the previous phrase. It can be stated clearly here. AT: "after the manner that Melchizedek was priest" or "in the same way that Melchizedek was priest" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 110:5-6

The Lord is at your right hand

When the lord goes to battle, Yahweh stands at his right hand in order to help him. AT: "The Lord helps you in battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

The Lord

The word "Lord" refers to Yahweh.

He will kill

The word "He" refers to Yahweh. He will cause the kings to be defeated and die, but he will allow the king's armies to kill the enemy kings. AT: "He will cause the kings to die" or "He will allow your armies to kill the kings" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

kings

This refers to his enemies. AT: "enemy kings" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

on the day of his anger

Here David speaks of the day when Yahweh will become angry and defeat the kings as "the day of his anger." AT: "on the day of judgment when his patience turns to anger" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

he will fill the battlegrounds with dead bodies

This means that Yahweh will cause this to happen, not that he will personally kill all of the people who die on the battleground. AT: "he will cause the battlegrounds to be filled with death bodies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

he will kill the leaders in many countries

This means that Yahweh will cause this to happen, not that he will personally kill the leaders. AT: "he will cause the leaders in many countries to be killed" or "he will allow the leaders in many countries to die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 110:7

He will drink of the brook along the road

The king only stops briefly for a drink and then he continues the pursuit of his enemies. AT: "As he pursues his enemies, he will only stop to drink quickly from a brook" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

of the brook

This means the he will drink water from the brook. A brook is a small stream. AT: "he will drink water from the brook" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

and then

"and so" or "therefore"

he will lift his head

Possible meanings are 1) the king lifts up his own head or 2) Yahweh lifts up the head of the king.

he will lift his head up high after victory

People raised their heads when they are victorious, confident, and joyful. AT: "he will confidently lift his head after victory" or "he will be victorious" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Psalms 111

Psalms 111:intro-0

Psalm 111 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 111 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles and care. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/miracle.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's character

God is great. He has given his people food and a land and always keeps his promises to his people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/promise.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/peopleofgod.md]])

Psalms 111:1-3

General Information:

with my whole heart

Here the word "heart" represents the person's entire inner being and emotions. AT: "with all that I am" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

in the assembly of the upright, in their gathering

These two phrases mean that same thing and may be combined if necessary. AT: "in the gathering of upright people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

eagerly awaited by all those who desire them

The word "them" refers to the "works of Yahweh." This can be stated in active form. AT: "all those who desire the works of Yahweh eagerly await them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

eagerly awaited

Possible meanings are 1) "sought after" or 2) "studied."

translationWords

Psalms 111:4-6

that will be remembered

This can be stated in active form. AT: "that people will always remember" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

call to mind

This is an idiom that means to remember. AT: "remember" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

his powerful works

"his works that demonstrated his power"

the inheritance of the nations

The writer speaks of the land that belonged to the nations in Canaan as if it were their inheritance. AT: "the land that belonged to other nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 111:7-9

The works of his hands

Here the word "hands" refers to Yahweh, himself. AT: "The works that he does" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

They are established forever

This means that Yahweh's instructions are unchangeable and will last forever. This can be stated in active form. AT: "He has established them forever" or "They will last forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

to be observed faithfully and properly

Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh has given his instructions in a faithful and proper manner or 2) his people are to observe Yahweh's instructions in a faithful and proper manner. This can be stated in active form. AT: "for his people to observe them faithfully and properly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

holy and awesome is his name

Here the word "name" refers to Yahweh, himself. AT: "Yahweh is holy and awesome" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 111:10

the beginning of wisdom

The word "wisdom" can be translated as "wise." AT: "the first step to becoming wise" or "the most important thing to become wise" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

those who carry out his instructions

"those who obey his instructions"

His praise endures forever

The word "praise" can be translated as a verb. AT: "People will praise him forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 112

Psalms 112:intro-0

Psalm 112 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 112 is a wisdom psalm teaching the value of a righteous life. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/righteous.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Righteous people

The righteous people will be well-known for their generosity and they will not have to worry about bad news because God is taking care of them.

Psalms 112:1-2

General Information:

greatly delights

"takes great pleasure"

the descendants of the godly man will be blessed

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will bless the descendants of the godly man" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 112:3-5

General Information:

The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh.

Wealth and riches are in his house

Here the word "house" represents the family. The words "Wealth" and "riches" mean basically the same thing and indicate an abundance of wealth. AT: "His family is very wealthy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Light shines in the darkness for the godly person

The writer speaks of God blessing the godly person in difficult times as if it were a light shining in darkness. AT: "The blessings that a godly person receives from God are like a light that shines in the darkness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

lends money

The understood information can be made clear. AT: "lends his money to other people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

Psalms 113:intro-0

Psalm 113 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 113 is a psalm of praise to God for his goodness. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/good.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's help

God helps the poor and gives children to the wife who cannot conceive children.

Psalms 113:1-2

General Information:

the name of Yahweh

Here the word "name" represents Yahweh, himself. AT: "Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 113:3-4

From the rising of the sun to its setting

This phrase refers to the directions east, where the sun rises, and west, where the sun sets. The writer uses these two extremes to represent everywhere on earth. See how you translated this in Psalms 50:1. AT: "Everywhere on earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

Yahweh's name should be praised

Here the word "name" represents Yahweh, himself. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people should praise Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

his glory reaches above the skies

The glory of God is spoken of as if it was very high. AT: "his glory is higher than the skies" or "his glory is enormously great" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 113:5-6

Who is like Yahweh our God ... at the earth?

The writer asks this question to emphasize that there is no one like Yahweh. This rhetorical question may be translated as a statement. AT: "There is no one like Yahweh our God ... at the earth." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

who has his seat on high

"who is enthroned on high" or "who rules in the highest position"

translationWords

Psalms 113:7-8

He raises up the poor ... from the ash heap

These two phrases are parallel. The writer speaks of Yahweh helping and honoring people who are poor as if Yahweh caused them to stand up from sitting in dirt and ashes. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

out of the dirt ... from the ash heap

Sitting in dirt and ashes represents either poverty or despair. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

so that he may seat him with princes, with the princes of his people

Here the second phrase clarifies that the first phrase refers to the princes of Yahweh's people. These two statements can be combined. AT: "so that Yahweh may seat him next to rulers of his people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 113:9

He gives a home to the barren woman of the house

Here "home" refers to the children that live in a home. AT: "He gives children to the woman who had none" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 114

Psalms 114:intro-0

Psalm 114 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 114 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles in bringing the people of Israel to the promised land. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/miracle.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/promisedland.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Praise

The psalmist praised God for opening up the Red Sea for the people to cross, for providing the earthquake that stopped the Jordan River so the people could cross and providing water from a rock for the people to drink.

Psalms 114:1-2

General Information:

When Israel left Egypt, the house of Jacob from a people who spoke a foreign language

These two lines are parallel, with "Israel" and "the house of Jacob" meaning the same thing and "Egypt" and "that foreign people" referring to the same people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

the house of Jacob from a people who spoke a foreign language

The word "house" here represents the family or descendents. The verb may be supplied to this phrase. AT: "the descendants of Jacob left people who spoke a language that the descendants of Jacob did not understand" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

Judah became his holy place, Israel his kingdom

Possible meanings for "Judah" and "Israel" are 1) they refer to the land. AT: "The land of Judah became Yahweh's holy place, the land of Israel became his kingdom" or 2) they are metonyms for the people of Judah and Israel. AT: "The people of Judah became those among whom Yahweh lived, the people of Israel became those over whom he ruled" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 114:3-4

The sea looked and fled

The writer speaks of the Sea of Reeds as if it were a person who fled away as Yahweh led the people of Israel through on dry ground. AT: "It was as though the sea looked and fled" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

the Jordan turned back

The writer speaks of the Jordan River as if it were a person who retreated as Yahweh led the people of Israel through on dry ground. AT: "it was as though the Jordan retreated" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

The mountains skipped like rams, the hills skipped like lambs

The writer speaks of the mountains and hills as if they are alive. He is probably speaking of an earthquake when he describes their fear at the presence of Yahweh as if they were jumping like rams and lambs. AT: "It was as if the mountains shook like jumping rams and the hills shook like jumping lambs" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 114:5-7

General Information:

Verses 5-6 contain four rhetorical questions. The expected answer to each question is found in verse 7, "because of the presence of the Lord." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

skip like rams ... skip like lambs

The writer speaks of the mountains and hills as if they are alive. He is probably speaking of an earthquake when he describes their fear at the presence of Yahweh as if they were jumping like rams and lambs. See how you translated similar phrases in Psalms 114:3-4. AT: "shake like jumping rams ... shake like jumping lambs" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Tremble, earth, before the Lord, at the presence of the God of Jacob

The last two phrases are parallel. The verb may be supplied in the second line. AT: "Tremble, earth, before the Lord, tremble at the presence of the God of Jacob" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

Tremble, earth

Possible meanings are 1) the writer is speaking to the earth as if it were a person and commands it to tremble with fear before God or 2) the word "earth" is a metonym for those who live on the earth. AT: "Tremble, everyone one earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 114:8

He turned the rock into a pool of water, the hard rock into a spring of water

These two phrases are parallel. The writer describes Yahweh causing water to flow from the rock as if he turned the rock into water. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the hard rock into a spring of water

The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "He turned the hard rock into a spring of water" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/fountain.md]]

Psalms 115

Psalms 115:intro-0

Psalm 115 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 115 is a psalm of praise.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's power

God is in heaven and is able to do whatever he wants. Idols can not do anything. Therefore, people and priests should trust God for their protection. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/heaven.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/priest.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/trust.md]])

Psalms 115:1-2

General Information:

Not to us, Yahweh, not to us

The writer repeats the phrase "Not to us" in order to emphasize that they are not worthy to receive the honor that is due only to Yahweh. If necessary, a verbal phrase may be supplied here. AT: "Do not bring honor to us, Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

to us

The word "us" refers to the people of Israel.

but to your name bring honor

Here the word "name" represents Yahweh, himself. AT: "but bring honor to yourself" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated as an adjective. The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Why should the nations say, "Where is their God?"

This rhetorical question emphasizes that there should be no reason for the nations to say what they say. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "The people of the nations should not be able to say, 'Where is their God?'" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Where is their God?

The people of other nations use this question to mock the people of Israel and to express that they do not see Yahweh helping them. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Your God is not here to help you." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 115:3-4

the work of men's hands

Here the word "hands" represents the people who made the idols. AT: "things which men have made" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 115:5-6

Those idols have mouths

The idols do not have real mouths, eyes, ears, or noses. Rather, people made them with the likeness of mouths, eyes, ears, and noses. The writer is emphasizing that these idols are not really alive. You can make clear the implied information. AT: "People have given mouths to those idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/falsegod.md]]

Psalms 115:7-8

Those idols have hands

The idols do not have real hands, feet, or mouths. Rather, people made them with the likeness of hands, feet, and mouths. The writer is emphasizing that these idols are not really alive. You can make this implicit information clear. AT: "People have given hands to those idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

but do not feel

"but those hands do not feel"

Those who make them are like them, as is everyone who trusts in them

Those who make and worship idols become lifeless and powerless, just like those idols. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "Those who make them become lifeless like they are, as does everyone who trusts in them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 115:9-11

Type of psalm

Psalm 116 is a psalm of praise for saving the psalmist's life. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/save.md]]

Special concepts in this chapter

translationWords

Psalms 117

Psalms 117:intro-0

Psalm 117 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 117 is a psalm of praise.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Praise

Everyone should praise God for his love and unending faithfulness. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/love.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/faithful.md]])

Psalms 117:1-2

General Information:

For his

"Because his"

his covenant faithfulness is great toward us

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "he does great things for us because he is faithful to his covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the trustworthiness of Yahweh endures forever

The abstract noun "trustworthiness" can be translated with an adjective or a verbal phrase. AT: "Yahweh remains trustworthy forever" or "Yahweh will forever be worthy of people trusting him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 118

Psalms 118:intro-0

Psalm 118 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 118 is a psalm of war and is about Christ. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/christ.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Rejected stone

The author praised Yahweh for his rescuing him. God enabled him to overpower his enemies. The new Testament, and even Jesus himself, saw the rejected stone as a reference to the messiah's rejection by the Jewish leaders. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/christ.md]])

Psalms 118:1-2

General Information:

Give thanks to Yahweh, for he is good

"Thank Yahweh because of the good things he does"

his covenant faithfulness endures forever

Let Israel say

The word "Israel" represents the people of Israel. AT: "Let the people of Israel say" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 118:3-4

Let the house of Aaron say

Here the word "house" represents the family and descendants of a person. This phrase refers to the priests, who were descendants of Aaron. AT: "Let the descendants of Aaron say" or "Let the priests say" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

His covenant faithfulness endures forever

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in Psalms 118:1-2. AT: "He remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 118:13-14

to knock me down

The writer speaks of the enemy armies trying to defeat him as if they were trying to push him down onto the ground. AT: "in order to defeat me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Yahweh is my strength and joy

"Yahweh gives me strength and joy"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/joy.md]]

Psalms 118:15-16

The joyful shout of victory is heard in the tents of the righteous

This can be stated in active form. AT: "People hear the joyful shout of victory in the tents of the righteous" or "The righteous shout joyfully for victory in their tents" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the right hand of Yahweh conquers

Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh's power. AT: "Yahweh has conquered by his great strength" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

The right hand of Yahweh is exalted

Here, to raise one's hand is a gesture of victory. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh has exalted his right hand" or "Yahweh has raised his right hand in victory" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 118:17-18

I will not die, but live

The writer states the same idea both negatively and positively to emphasize that he will certainly live. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Yahweh has punished me

"Yahweh has disciplined me"

he has not handed me over to death

The writer speaks of death as if it were a person under whose power Yahweh could place the writer. AT: "he has not allowed me to die" or "he has not allowed my enemies to kill me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 118:19-21

Open to me the gates of righteousness

"Open to me the gates through which the righteous people enter." This is a reference to the gates of the temple, and the writer is addressing the gatekeepers. The full meaning of this can be made clear. AT: "Open for me the temple gates" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the gate of Yahweh

"the gate that leads to Yahweh's presence" or "Yahweh's gate"

I will give thanks to you

Here the writer begins to speak to Yahweh.

you have become my salvation

The word "salvation" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "you have saved me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 118:22-23

The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone

This is likely a proverb that the writer has used to describe either the king or the nation of Israel. That which others have considered worthless, Yahweh has made to be the most important. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-proverbs/01.md]])

it is marvelous in our eyes

Possible meanings are 1) "it is a marvelous thing for us to see" or 2) "we consider it to be a marvelous thing." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 118:24-25

rejoice and be glad

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. AT: "be very glad" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/joy.md]]

Psalms 118:26-28

Blessed is he who comes in the name of Yahweh

Here the priests begin to address the king.

he who comes in the name of Yahweh

Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's power. AT: "the one who comes in the power of the Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

we bless you from the house of Yahweh

Here the priests address the people.

the house of Yahweh

The word "house" refers to the temple. AT: "Yahweh's temple" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

he has given us light

The writer speaks of Yahweh blessing his people as if Yahweh were shining a light on them. AT: "he has blessed us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

bind the sacrifice with cords

"tie the sacrifice with rope"

You are my God

Here the writer begins to speak again and addresses Yahweh directly.

translationWords

Psalms 118:29

Oh

This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclamations/01.md]])

give thanks to Yahweh; for he is good

"thank Yahweh because of the good things he does." See how you translated this in Psalms 118:1.

his covenant faithfulness endures forever

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in Psalms 118:1-2. AT: "he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119

Psalms 119:intro-0

Psalm 119 General Notes

Formatting in this chapter

This is an alphabetic psalm with twenty-two groups of eight verses each all beginning with the same letter of the alphabet in the alphabetical order of the Hebrew alphabet.

Type of psalm

Psalm 119 is a wisdom psalm about the Law of God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/lawofmoses.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# The Law

The author loved the law of God and was blessed by obeying it. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/love.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/bless.md]])

Psalms 119:1-2

General Information:

ALEPH

This is the name of the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet.

Blessed are those

"How good it is for those"

those whose ways are blameless

How a person behaves is spoken of as "ways" or "paths." AT: "those whose behavior is blameless" or "those whom no one can blame for doing wrong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

who walk in the law of Yahweh

The way a person lives or behaves is spoken of as walking. AT: "who live according to the law of Yahweh" or "who obey the law of Yahweh." This phrase clarifies the meaning of "whose ways are blameless" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

who seek him with all their heart

To "seek" God means to want to know him.

with all their heart

This is an idiom which means intensely or sincerely. AT: "with all their being" or "with everything in them" or "sincerely" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:3-4

General Information:

Most of this psalm is addressed to God, and the words "you" and "your" almost always refer to him.

They do no wrong

They do not disobey Yahweh.

they walk in his ways

"they walk in Yahweh's ways." Here their behavior is spoken of as "walking," and the way God wants them to behave is spoken of as "his ways." AT: "they behave as Yahweh wants them to"

keep your instructions

"obey all the things that you have declared that we should do"

carefully observe them

This is to carefully know and understand the commandments and to obey those commandments.

Psalms 119:5-6

I would be firmly established

The writer speaks of being established in God's commandments as if no one could physically make him move. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

observance of your statutes

"in obeying your statutes"

I would not be put to shame

The writer does not want to be ashamed when he is in God's presence.

all your commandments

"all that you have commanded us"

translationWords

Psalms 119:7-8

translationWords

Psalms 119:15-16

I will meditate ... and pay attention

These are parallel thoughts that have similar meanings, which are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

meditate on your instructions

"think carefully about what you have instructed us"

pay attention

This idiom refers to thinking clearly about what is being discussed. AT: "give careful thought" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

I delight

to take pleasure

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/meditate.md]]

Psalms 119:17-18

GIMEL

This is the name of the third letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 17-24 begins with this letter.

your servant

The writer called himself "your servant" to show his humility.

Open my eyes so that I may see

The author speaks of gaining understanding, knowledge and wisdom as being able to see. AT: Help me to understand" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

marvelous things in your law

The author speaks of insight into the law as objects to marvel at. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in your law

"in your instructions" or "in your commands"

translationWords

Psalms 119:19-20

I am a foreigner in the land

Possible meanings are 1) the writers speaks of his short life on earth as if he were a foreigner who would not stay long in the land. AT: "I am like a foreigner living a short time in the land" or 2) the writer's ignorance of God's law as if he were a foreigner who did not know the laws of the land. AT: "I am ignorant like a foreigner in the land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

My desires are crushed by the longing

The writer speaks of his desires being very strong as if they were in pain. AT: "My inner being strongly desires to know" or "My soul aches because I want so much to know" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Psalms 119:29-30

Turn from me the path of deceit

The word "path" here refers to a way of behaving. AT: "Keep me from following the path of deceit" or "Prevent me from being deceptive" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

deceit

Possible meanings are 1) "lying" or 2) "believing lies" or "following lies."

the way of faithfulness

How a person behaves or acts is spoken as if it were a road or way. AT: "to be faithful to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:31-32

I cling to your covenant decrees

Holding tightly to them refers to being committed to obeying them. AT: "I hold tightly to your covenant decrees" or "I am committed to obeying your covenant decrees" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

covenant decrees

This refers to the Law of Moses.

I will run in the path of your commandments

The writer speaks of being focused or committed to obeying God's commands as if one is running on a path. AT: "I will be committed to obey your commands" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you enlarge my heart

This is an idiom. Possible meanings are 1) "you help me gain greater understanding of your commands" or 2) "you give me greater desire to obey your commands" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:33-34

HE

This is the name of the fifth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 33-40 begins with this letter.

your statutes

This is another way of describing the Law of Moses.

to the end

Possible meanings are 1) "completely" or 2) "to the end of my life" or 3) "to the end of time."

keep your law

"obey your law"

I will observe it with all my heart

"I will surely observe your law" or "I am completely committed to doing what it says"

with all my heart

This is an idiom. AT: "with all my being" or "with everything in me" or "sincerely" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:35-36

Guide me in the path of your commandments

"Guide me according to your commandments" or "Teach me to obey your commandments." God's commandments are compared to a path that a person walks in obedience to God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Direct my heart toward

This is an idiom. The "heart" here refers to the will, desires, and choices that directs one's life. AT: "Make me want" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

your covenant decrees

"to obey your covenant decrees." This is referring to obeying the Law of Moses.

unrighteous gain

"the desire for riches." This is referring to wealth gained by illegal methods or wrongdoing towards others.

translationWords

Psalms 119:37-38

Do not take the word of truth from my mouth

Here the writer is represented by his "mouth." AT: "Never prevent me from speaking your truth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

I will observe

"I will obey"

translationWords

Psalms 119:45-46

I will walk securely

To walk securely is to live one's life securely. AT: "I will live securely in God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

I seek your instructions

To "seek" is to perceive, or gain understanding of God's instructions as if one can see them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

solemn commands before kings

"serious commands to kings" or "instructions to kings"

translationWords

Psalms 119:47-48

I delight in your commandments

Possible meanings are 1) "I find delight in studying your commandments" or 2) "I am delighted that I have the opportunity to study your commandments."

lift up my hands to

This is an idiom which means to honor, cherish or respect God's commandments. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:49-50

ZAYIN

This is the name of the seventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 49-56 begins with this letter.

Call to mind your promise

"Remember your promise." See how you translated this in Psalms 20:3

This is my comfort in my affliction: that your promise has kept me alive

This clause can be restructured. AT: "The reason for my comfort is that your promise has kept me alive in my affliction" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-sentences/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:51-52

The proud

This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "The proud people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

scoffed at

to mock someone or something that is looked down on, doubted, or not honored

from ancient times

This is a reference to when the decrees, the Law, were given to Moses many years before. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:53-54

Hot anger has taken hold of me

This is an idiom. Anger is expressed as if it is a person that can grab another person. AT: "I have become very angry" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Your statutes have been my songs

"I have used your statutes as lyrics to my music" or "I have created songs from your statutes"

translationWords

Psalms 119:55-56

I think about your name

Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "I think about you, Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I keep your law

This is an idiom which means to obey the law. AT: "I obey your law" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

my practice

"my habit"

I have observed your instructions

This is an idiom which means to follow or to obey those instructions. AT: "I have obeyed your instructions" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:57-58

HETH

This is the name of the eighth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 57-64 begins with this letter.

Before I was afflicted

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Before you afflicted me" or "Before you punished me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

I went astray

Disobeying God is spoken of as if the person walked on the wrong path. AT: "I disobeyed you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I observe your word

Here "word" represents commandments. AT: "I obey your commandments" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:69-70

The arrogant

This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "Arrogant people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

smeared me with lies

People telling many lies about a person is spoken of as if they made the person dirty by spreading lies over him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

with my whole heart

Here "heart" represents a person's will. AT: "with complete commitment" or "completely" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Their hearts are hardened

Here "hearts" represents the people's wills. A person being stubborn is spoken of as if their hearts or wills were hard like a rock. AT: "They are stubborn" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:71-72

Instruction from your mouth is

Here "mouth" represents what God says. AT: "The instructions you have spoken are" or "Your instructions are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

than thousands of pieces of gold and silver

This can be stated more generally. AT: "than a large amount of money" or "than great wealth"

translationWords

Psalms 119:73-74

YOD

This is the name of the tenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 73-80 begins with this letter.

Your hands have made and fashioned me

God creating a person is spoken of as if God used his hands to shape the person the way someone may shape clay into an object. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Your hands

Here "hands" represents God's power or action. AT: "You" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

because I find hope in your word

"because I trust what you say" or "I confidently believe what you say"

translationWords

Psalms 119:75-76

in faithfulness you afflicted me

God promises to reward the righteous and punish wrongdoers, so he is faithful to do what he says he will. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "you punished me because you are faithful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Let your covenant faithfulness comfort me

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Comfort me by showing me that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

your servant

The writer refers to himself as "your servant." AT: "me, your servant" or "me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:77-78

Let the proud be put to shame

This can be stated in active form. AT: "Put the proud to shame" or "Cause those who are proud to be ashamed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the proud

This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "proud people" or "those who are proud" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:79-80

turn to me

People returning in friendship to the writer is spoken of as if they physically turn towards him. AT: "come to me" or "unite with me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

those who know your covenant decrees

Possible meanings are 1) this further describes those who honor God or 2) this indicates the purpose for those who honor God to return to the writer. AT: "so that they may learn your covenant decrees" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-connectingwords/01.md]])

May my heart be blameless

Here "heart" represents a person's thoughts and motives. AT: "May I be blameless" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I may not be put to shame

This can be stated in active form. AT: "I may not be ashamed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:81-82

KAPH

This is the name of the eleventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 81-88 begins with this letter.

I hope in your word

"I confidently trust in what you say"

My eyes long to see your promise

Here "eyes" represents the whole person. AT: "I wait and wait for you to do what you promised to do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:83-84

I have become like a wineskin in the smoke

A wineskin is ruined when it hangs for a long time in a smoke-filled place. The writer compares himself to a wineskin that has been ruined by smoke to emphasize that he feels useless. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

How long must your servant endure this; when will you judge those who persecute me?

The writer uses a question to request God to punish those who persecute him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Please do not make wait any longer. Punish those who persecute me." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

must your servant

The writer refers to himself as "your servant." AT: "must I, your servant" or "must I" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:85-86

The proud have dug pits for me

The proud are seeking to capture the writer or cause him to do wrong. This is spoken of as if they were hunters digging holes to trap the writer like an animal. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

The proud

This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. AT: "Proud people" or "Those who are proud" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:87-88

They have almost made an end to me on earth

This is a polite way of speaking about someone killing someone else. AT: "They have almost killed me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

By your steadfast love

"According to your steadfast love." The phrase "steadfast love" or "faithfulness" can be stated as an adverb. AT: "because you faithfully love me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:89-90

LAMEDH

This is the name of the twelfth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 89-96 begins with this letter.

your word stands forever

"what you have said will be true forever"

your word is established firmly in heaven

This speaks about what God has said as if it were an object that stands firmly upright. AT: "what you have said will be true in heaven forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

MEM

This is the name of the thirteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 97-104 begins with this letter.

your commandments are always with me

Constantly thinking about God's commandments is spoken of as if the commandments were an object that the writer keeps with him always. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:99-100

translationWords

Psalms 119:101-102

I have kept my feet back from every evil path

Avoiding doing what is evil is spoken of as if it were avoiding walking on paths that are evil. AT: "I have avoided doing what is evil" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

kept my feet

Here "feet" represents the whole person. AT: "kept myself" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

observe your word

"obey your word" or "observe your commands"

I have not turned aside from your righteous decrees

Continuing to obey God's righteous decrees is spoken of as if the writer has not physically turned away from the righteous decrees. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "I always obey your righteous decrees" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:103-104

How sweet are your words to my taste, yes, sweeter than honey to my mouth!

The writer delighting in what God says is spoken of as if God's words were food that tasted sweet to the writer. AT: "Your words are good and delightful!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I gain discernment

The abstract noun "discernment" can be stated as a verb. AT: "I learn to discern what is right" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

therefore I hate every false way

Evil behavior is spoken of as if it were a false way or road. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/discernment.md]]

Psalms 119:105-106

NUN

This is the name of the fourteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 105-112 begins with this letter.

Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light for my path

These two phrases have similar meanings. They speak about God telling a person how to live as if the person were walking on a path and God's words were a light that helps the person see where to go. AT: "Your words tell me how to live my life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Your word

Here "word" represents all that God communicates to people.

translationWords

Psalms 119:107-108

as you have promised in your word

"as you have promised to do"

freewill offerings of my mouth

The writer speaks of his prayer as if it were a sacrifice that he is offering to God. AT: "my prayer as a sacrifice to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

of my mouth

Here "mouth" represents the whole person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

My eyes grow tired as I wait

Here "eyes" represents the whole person. AT: "I grow tired because I wait and wait" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

for your salvation and for your righteous word

The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. AT: "for you to save me as you promised to do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

your righteous word

"your righteous promise"

Show your servant

The writer speaks about himself as "your servant." AT: "Show me" or "Show me, your servant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

your covenant faithfulness

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as an adverb or adjective. AT: "that you faithfully love me" or "that you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:125-126

give me understanding

The abstract noun "understanding" can be stated as a verb. AT: "enable me to understand what you want me to know" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

It is time for Yahweh to act

The writer is speaking to Yahweh in the third person. This can be stated in second person. AT: "It is time for you to act, Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

people have broken your law

This is an idiom. Here "have broken" means "disobeyed." This is a way of saying the people have disobeyed God's law. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:127-128

I carefully follow all your instructions

A person carefully obeying all of God's instructions is spoken of as if as if the instructions were leading a person and that person follows behind. AT: I carefully obey all of your instructions" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

every path of falsehood

People doing what is evil is spoken of as if they are walking on the wrong path. AT: "all the bad ways some people live" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:129-130

PE

This is the name of the seventeenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 129-136 begins with this letter.

The unfolding of your words gives light

The writer speaks of Yahweh's words as if those words were fabric that is folded, and of the person who explains Yahweh's words as if they are unfolding that fabric. AT: "The explanation of your words gives light" or "When someone explains your words, they give light" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

The unfolding of your words gives light

The writer speaks of Yahweh's words giving wisdom to a person as if his words were shining a light on them. AT: "The explanation of your words gives people wisdom" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:131-132

I open my mouth and pant, for I long for your commandments

The writer speaks of his desire for Yahweh's commandments as if he were a dog panting for water. AT: "I earnestly long for your commandments" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Turn to me

To turn towards someone means to pay attention to that person. AT: "Pay attention to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

love your name

Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "love you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:133-134

Direct my footsteps

Here the word "footsteps" represents the writer as he is walking. He speaks of the way he lives, or his conduct, as if he were walking on a path. AT: "Direct me" or "Teach me how to live" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

do not let any sin rule me

The writer speaks of sin as if it were a person who has authority over him. Possible meanings are 1) "do not let me habitually commit any sin" or 2) "do not let sinful men rule me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Redeem me from human oppression

The word "oppression" can be translated as a verb. AT: "Save me from people who oppress others" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:135-136

Let your face shine on your servant

Streams of tears

The writer speaks of his many tears as if they were streams of water. AT: "Many tears" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

observe your law

"obey your law"

translationWords

Psalms 119:137-138

My eyes are open before the night watches change

This is an idiom. In Hebrew culture, the night was usually divided into three "watches" or periods. AT: "I am awake all night" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:149-150

in your covenant faithfulness

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "because you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

they are far from your law

"they have strayed from your law" or "they do not pay any attention to your laws"

translationWords

Psalms 119:151-152

all your commandments are trustworthy

"I can trust your commandments"

covenant decrees

Other possible meanings are "testimonies" or "laws." See how you translated this in Psalms 78:5

set them in place

The psalmist speaks of Yahweh's commands as if they were posts set in the ground. AT: "given them for people to obey" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 119:159-160

See

"Look at me so you can see"

by your covenant faithfulness

The essence of your word is truth

"Your word is completely true" or "Your word can be trusted"

translationWords

Psalms 119:161-162

SHIN

This is the name of the twenty-first letter of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Hebrew language, each line of verses 161-168 begins with this letter.

my heart stands in awe of your word

The psalmist speaks of the heart as if it could be amazed. The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "I am amazed at your word" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

plunder

Possible meanings are 1) things that soldiers and robbers take from those they have defeated in battle or 2) things of great value or "treasure."

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/command.md]]

Psalms 120

Psalms 120:intro-0

Psalm 120 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 120 is a psalm of deliverance from liars. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Fighting

The author did not want to fight, but the people he lived with wanted to fight him.

Psalms 120:1-2

General Information:

A song of ascents

Possible meanings are 1) "A song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "A song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "A song whose words are like steps."

In my distress

"In my trouble" or "When I was in trouble"

Rescue my life

Here the word "life" represents the person. AT: "Rescue me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

those who lie with their lips and deceive with their tongues

Here the phrases "their lips" and "their tongues" represent the people who speak lies and deceit. AT: "those who lie to me and try to deceive me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 120:3-4

How will he punish you, and what more will he do to you, you who have a lying tongue?

The writer asks this as a leading question to explain what God will do to liars. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "This is how God will punish you, and this is what he will do to you, you who have a lying tongue." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

you who have a lying tongue

Here "a lying tongue" represents the person who speaks lies. AT: "you who tell lies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

He will punish you with the arrows of a warrior

The writer speaks of God severely punishing liars as if God were shooting them with arrows. AT: "He will punish you severely, as if he were shooting you with warrior's arrows" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

sharpened over burning coals of the broom tree

This refers to how people forged the tip of the arrow in a fire. This can be stated in active form. AT: "that he sharpened over burning coals of the broom tree" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/bowweapon.md]]

Psalms 120:5-7

I temporarily live in Meshech; I lived previously among the tents of Kedar

These two places were far away from each other. The writer is likely using the names metaphorically to represent living among cruel and barbaric people. AT: "It is as if I live in Meshech or among the tents of Kedar" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the tents of Kedar

This phrase represents the people of Kedar who live in those tents. AT: "the people who live in Kedar" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I am for peace

"I want peace"

they are for war

"they want war"

translationWords

Psalms 121

Psalms 121:intro-0

Psalm 121 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 121 is a worship psalm.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's protection

God always watches over those who believe in him and protects them from harm. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/believe.md]])

Psalms 121:1-2

General Information:

A song of ascents

Possible meanings are 1) "song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration" or 2) "song people sang while going up the steps into the temple" or 3) "song whose words are like steps." See how you translated this in Psalms 120:1.

lift up my eyes

This expression means "look at" or "focus my attention on." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

From where will my help come?

The writer uses this question to focus attention on the source of his help. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "I will tell you from where my help comes." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

My help comes from Yahweh

This is the answer to the previous question.

translationWords

Psalms 121:3-4

General Information:

There is a shift here to the second person. This may mean 1) the writer begins speaking to the people of Israel or 2) the writer is quoting another person speaking to the writer. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

your foot to slip

The slipping of a foot is associated with falling. AT: "you to fall" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

he who protects ... the guardian

These two phrases means the same thing, and emphasize God's role as a protector. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

he who protects you will not slumber

Here to "slumber" means he would stop protecting. The negative form strengthens the statement. AT: "God will not fall asleep and stop protecting you" or "God will always protect you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublenegatives/01.md]])

will not slumber ... never slumbers or sleeps

These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

See

This word alerts us to pay attention to the important information that follows.

never slumbers or sleeps

These two words mean the same thing. Here to "slumber" means to stop protecting. The negative form strengthens the statement. AT: "will not sleep and stop protecting you" or "will always protect you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublenegatives/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/israel.md]]

Psalms 121:5-6

Yahweh is the shade at your right hand

Here "shade" refers to protection. AT: "God is beside you to protect you from things that would hurt you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

at your right hand

Here this expression means to be beside or near to the writer.

The sun will not harm you by day, nor the moon by night

The contrasting terms "day" and "night" refer to those extremes and everything in between. AT: "God protects you from the elements at all times" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

nor the moon by night

It is implies that "will not harm you" is implied here. The full meaning of this statement may be made clear. AT: "nor will the moon harm you by night" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

Psalms 121:7-8

Yahweh will protect you ... he will protect your life ... Yahweh will protect you

These phrases all have similar meanings. The repetition strengthens the ideas. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

your life

This refers to the writer. AT: "you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/eternity.md]]

Psalms 122

Psalms 122:intro-0

Psalm 122 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 122 is a psalm about Jerusalem.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Jerusalem

Jerusalem is an important city, the center of government and religious activities; so the author prays for peace for the city.

Psalms 122:1-3

General Information:

A song of ascents

Jerusalem, our feet are standing within your gates!

The writer briefly stops speaking to his audience and speaks directly to the city of Jerusalem. Jerusalem is spoken to as if it was a person who could hear the writer. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

our feet are standing

Here "feet" refers to the whole person. AT: "we are standing" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

within your gates

Here "gates" refers to the city. AT: "inside you, Jerusalem" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 122:4-5

the name of Yahweh

Here "name" refers to Yahweh himself. AT: "Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the house of David

Here "house" refers to the descendants of David. AT: "the descendants of David" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 122:6-7

May those who love you have peace ... peace within your fortresses

This section states the content of the prayer that the writer wants his audience to pray. He asks them to speak directly to the city of Jerusalem, as if the city was a person who could hear them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

May there be peace within ... may they have peace within

These two phrases have the same meanings and are used together to strengthen each other. AT: "May the people in Jerusalem live in peace" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

within the walls that defend you ... within your fortresses

Here Jerusalem is referred to by the fortress walls that protects it. The terms "walls" and "fortress" refer to the same thing. AT: "within Jerusalem" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 122:8-9

General Information:

In this section, the writer speaks directly to the city of Jerusalem, as if the city was a person who could hear them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

For the sake

"For the well-being"

May there be peace within you

"May the people in you live in peace"

I will seek good for you

The abstract noun "good" can be stated as an action. AT: "I will pray that people treat you well"

translationWords

Psalms 123

Psalms 123:intro-0

Psalm 123 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 123 is a psalm asking for deliverance from the contempt of proud people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Trust

Just as a servant trusts his master to protect him, so the author is trusting God to stop proud people from insulting him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/trust.md]])

Psalms 123:1-2

General Information:

song of ascents

I lift up my eyes

Here the author refers to his eyes because that is the part of the body used for seeing. AT: "I look to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

enthroned

sitting on a throne and ruling as king

as the eyes of servants ... as the eyes of a maid ... so our eyes look

These three phrases have similar meanings. The third phrase, about the Israelites, is being compared to how the servants and maids look to their masters and mistresses for help. In each case "eyes" refers to the whole person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

master's hand ... mistress's hand

Here "hand" refers to the provision for needs. AT: "master's provision ... mistress's provision" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

maid

"servant girl"

mistress

the woman who has authority over the servant girls

has mercy on us

The abstract noun "mercy" can be stated as an action. AT: "act mercifully toward us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 123:3-4

Have mercy on us

The abstract noun "mercy" can be stated as an action. See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 123:2. AT: "act mercifully toward us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

we are filled ... We are more than full

These two phrases have similar meaning, with the second increasing the intensity of the first. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

we are filled with humiliation

Here humiliation is spoken of as if it were something that could be fill up a person. "we are very disgraced" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

We are more than full

This idiom means that the amount is excessive, in a negative sense. AT: "We have had too much" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

of the scoffing ... and with the contempt

There two phrases have very similar meanings and are used together to emphasize how much they have been mocked by the people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

scoffing

"mocking" or "insults"

the insolent

This refers to the insolent people. AT: "rude and arrogant people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

the proud

This refers to the proud people. AT: "the people who are proud" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 124

Psalms 124:intro-0

Psalm 124 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 124 is a psalm of praise for God's delivering the Israelites from their enemy's attack. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh saves

God saved the Israelites from their enemy who wanted to completely destroy them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/save.md]])

Psalms 124:1-3

General Information:

song of ascents

If Yahweh had not been on our side ... then they would have swallowed us up alive

This is a hypothetical statement that describes a result that did not happen, because Yahweh was actually on their side. AT: "Yahweh was on our side ... so they were not able to swallow us up alive" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

If Yahweh had not been on our side ... if it had not been Yahweh who was on our side

These two phrases mean the same thing. AT: "Without Yahweh's help ... without Yahweh's help" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

swallowed us up alive

This metaphor describes how the Israelites could have died to how a fierce animal would attack a smaller animal to eat. AT: "killed us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

their anger raged against us

Here "their anger" refers to the enemies who were angry. AT: "they were very angry with us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 124:4-5

General Information:

In these two verses the author compares the enemies of Israel to a flood of water.

The water would have swept us away ... would have drowned us

This continues the hypothetical statement from the previous verse. It describes a result that did not happen, because Yahweh was actually on their side. AT: "The water did not sweep us away ... did not drown us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

The water ... the torrent ... the raging waters

These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

swept us away ... overwhelmed us ... drowned us

These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

The water would have swept us away

Here the enemies of the writer are spoken of as if they were a flood of water. AT: "Our enemies would have easily defeated us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the torrent would have overwhelmed us

Here the enemies of the writer are spoken of as if they were a flood of water that would have drowned the Israelites. AT: "our enemies would have overwhelmed us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the raging waters would have drowned us

Here the enemies of the writer are spoken of as if they were a raging river that would have drowned the Israelites. AT: "our enemies would have destroyed us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/water.md]]

Psalms 124:6-7

torn by their teeth

The enemies are spoken of as if they were wild animals that would destroy the Israelites by eating them. AT: "destroyed as if we were eaten by wild animals" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

escaped like a bird out of the snare of the fowlers

The writer describes his escape from the enemies as if he was a bird that had escaped from the snare of the hunters. AT: "escaped from our enemies as a bird escapes from the trap that hunters have set" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

snare

a small trap of string or wire made for catching small animals or birds

the snare has been broken

The plot of the enemies to catch the writer failed as if it was a snare that had broken. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/bless.md]]

Psalms 124:8

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/heaven.md]]

Psalms 125

Psalms 125:intro-0

Psalm 125 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 125 is a psalm of praise.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's protection

God protects good people. He will not allow the evil people to rule over the good people because they might make them do evil. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/good.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])

Psalms 125:1-3

General Information:

song of ascents

Those who trust in Yahweh are like Mount Zion, unshakable, forever enduring

People who trust in Yahweh are spoken of as if they they were Mount Zion. Mountains are unable to be moved. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

As the mountains surround Jerusalem, so Yahweh surrounds his people

Yahweh's protection is spoken of as if he was the mountains surrounding Jerusalem. Jerusalem was surrounded by several mountains, which protected it from attack. AT: "As the hills that surround Jerusalem protect it, so Yahweh protects his people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

now and forever

Here, this phrase means "always." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

The scepter of wickedness

Here the scepter of wickedness represents the rule of wicked people. AT: "Wicked people" or "Wicked rulers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 125:4-5

Do good, Yahweh

This is a request. AT: "Yahweh, please do good things" or "Yahweh, I beg you to do good things"

are upright in their hearts

Here, "hearts" refers to their desires. AT: "desire to do the right" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

turn aside

Refusing to obey Yahweh is spoken of as turning away from a good path. AT: "leave good and go" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

their crooked ways

Here wicked ways are spoken of as if they were a path that is not straight. AT: "their wicked ways" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

lead them away

People are lead away in order to punish them. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. AT: "lead them away to punish them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 126

Psalms 126:intro-0

Psalm 126 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 126 is a psalm of praise for Yahweh bringing captives home.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Sorrow and joy

People may have sorrow now; but later it will turn into joy. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/joy.md]])

Psalms 126:1

General Information:

song of ascents

restored the fortunes of Zion

"made Zion prosperous again"

translationWords

Psalms 126:2-3

our mouths were filled with laughter

Laughing is spoken of as if their mouths were a container and their laughter was in it. It can be made clear that this laughter was a response to their joy. AT: "we laughed for joy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

our tongues with singing

The verbs "were filled" can be stated clearly. Singing is spoken of as if their tongues were containers and singing was in them. AT: "our tongues were filled with singing" or "we sang songs of joy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they said among the nations

"the people of the nations said among themselves." The pronoun is used before introducing what it references. This is very unusual.

Yahweh did great things for us; how glad we were!

"How glad we were, because Yahweh did these great things for us!"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/nation.md]]

Psalms 126:4-6

Those who sow in tears ... He who goes out weeping ... bringing his sheaves with him

These two verses parallel each other. The second sentence has the same meaning as first sentence, but it gives more details. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Those who sow in tears

"Those who sow with tears"

translationWords

Psalms 127

Psalms 127:intro-0

Psalm 127 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 127 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Blessings

God wants his people to have rest. It is a blessing to have many children. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/rest.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/bless.md]])

Psalms 127:1-2

General Information:

song of ascents

to rise up early, to come home late

A person who works hard often has to wake up earlier in the morning and return home late at night.

eat the bread of hard work

This is an idiom. Bread often represents the food a person needs every day in order to live. AT: "work hard for your daily needs" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 127:3-5

heritage

"gift" or "valued possession." Children normally receive an inheritance from their parents. Inheritance goes from parents to children. This passage refers to children as the inheritance of their parents.

Like arrows in the hand of a warrior, so are the children of one's youth

Arrows are very important to a warrior because they protect him in battle. Children are spoken of as if they are a warrior's arrow. AT: "Having many children will help to protect you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

his quiver full of them

A quiver is a container for arrows. Having many children is spoken of as if the children were arrows in a quiver. AT: "a home full of children" or "many children" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 128

Psalms 128:intro-0

Psalm 128 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 128 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Respect

Those people who respect God will live well and have many children. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/life.md]])

Psalms 128:1-2

General Information:

song of ascents

Blessed is everyone who honors Yahweh

This phrase occurs in the passive voice to avoid implying that Yahweh is obligated to bless those who honor him. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Yahweh will bless everyone who honors him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

What your hands provide

A man can be referred to by his hands because that is the part of the body he works with. AT: "What you provide" or "What you work for" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

you will be blessed and prosper

The words "be blessed" and "prosper" share similar meanings and emphasize God's favor. AT: "Yahweh will bless you and prosper you" or "Yahweh will make you blessed and prosperous" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 128:3-6

like a fruitful vine in your house

The wife is spoke of as a vine producing a lot of fruit. This implies that children are like fruit and the wife will have many children. AT: "very productive and give you many children" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

your children will be like olive plants

Children are compared to olive plants because of the way they grow to surround something. Children will surround the table and make it full. AT: "you will have many children who will grow and prosper" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

around your table

This refers to the place where a family gathers to eat. Often, all those who eat a man's table are under his authority or control.

the man will be blessed who honors Yahweh

This can be stated as an active verb. "Yahweh will bless the man who honors him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

all the days of your life

"throughout your lifetime"

May peace be on Israel

"May Israel have peace"

translationWords

Psalms 129

Psalms 129:intro-0

Psalm 129 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 129 is a psalm of deliverance from Israel's many enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh saves

Israel's enemies have always persecuted them but God has saved them from their enemies. He prays that this enemy will be destroyed with no one to wish them well. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/save.md]])

Psalms 129:1-3

General Information:

song of ascents

The plowers plowed on my back

The cuts from a whipping are spoken of as the plow of a plowman. A farmer plowed deep lines into a field. AT: "My enemies have cut me deeply on my back" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they made their furrows long

This is a continuation of the plowing metaphor. The "furrow" is the line the farmer plowed. AT: "they made their cuts long" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/israel.md]]

Psalms 129:4-5

he has cut the ropes of the wicked

Israel is spoken of as being bound by evil people. AT: "he has freed us from our enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

May they all be put to shame and turned back

Yahweh is not explicitly mentioned as the one who does these things. This can be stated in active form. AT: "May Yahweh shame them and defeat them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 129:6-8

May they be like ... sheaves

The psalmist speaks of his enemies dying and being few in number. They are compare to the little bit of grass that grows on the roof of a house and withers and is not enough to cut or bundle. AT: "May they die and may there be so few of them that they would be like the grass ... sheaves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

the blessing of Yahweh be on you

"Yahweh bless you"

translationWords

Psalms 130

Psalms 130:intro-0

Psalm 130 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 130 is a psalm of praise that God forgives sins. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/forgive.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Forgive

God forgives sin and helps the sinner. So Israel should trust in God for his forgiveness. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/trust.md]])

Psalms 130:1-2

General Information:

song of ascents

Out of the depths I

The author's sadness is spoken of as if it were a container. His sadness comes from the bottom of the container. Sadness is often spoken of as being a container that fills from the top to the bottom. AT: "Because I am very sad, I" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

let your ears be attentive

The ears represent Yahweh, but because the author knows that Yahweh hears everything, he is really asking for Yahweh to respond. AT: "please listen" or "please respond" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

This psalm focuses on the concept of trust. A quiet trust in Yahweh is best.

Psalms 131:1

General Information:

song of ascents

my heart is not proud or my eyes haughty

The heart and the eyes represent the person. AT: "I am not proud or haughty" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

I do not have great hopes for myself

Possible meanings are "I do not expect to do great things" or "I do not think I am great."

things that are beyond me

Things that are too hard for a person to understand are spoken of as if they are beyond the person or too far away from the person to be able to reach them. AT: "things that are too hard to understand" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 131:2-3

I have stilled and quieted my soul

The soul represents the person or his emotions. Being calm and peaceful is spoken of has having making one's soul still and quiet. AT: "I am calm and peaceful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my soul within me

The soul represents the person or his emotions. AT: "I" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

a weaned child with his mother

The psalmist speaks of himself being content and resting as if he were a young child that no longer demands breast milk from his mother. AT: "content like a young child that no longer cries for breast milk but rests in his mother's arms" or "content and resting" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 132

Psalms 132:intro-0

Psalm 132 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 132 is a royal psalm praising David. It might have been sung when David brought the ark to Jerusalem.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Ark

The Ark had been moved from one place to another several times. David wanted to make a permanent home for it. God had promised David that his son would be king after him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/promise.md]])

Psalms 132:1-2

General Information:

song of ascents

for David's sake

"because of what happened to David"

call to mind

"remember" or "think about"

the Mighty One of Jacob

This refers to God.

translationWords

Psalms 132:3-5

sit on your throne

Ruling as king is spoken of as sitting on the throne. AT: "rule as king" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

your sons

Here "your sons" represents the descendants of David that would become king. AT: "your descendants" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 132:13-14

General Information:

"He", "my" and "I" refer to Yahweh and "her" refers to Zion. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-pronouns/01.md]])

Zion ... her ... her

The author writes as though the city of Zion were a woman. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

he has desired her for his seat

Here "seat" represents either 1) his throne where he would rule, or 2) the place where he would stay. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

he has desired her for his seat

"Yahweh has desired Zion for Yahweh's seat." This shows the actual participants.

my resting place

The place God chose for people to worship him is spoken of as if it were a place where he rests or lives eternally. AT: "the place where I stay" or "my tabernacle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 132:15-16

Connecting Statement:

God continues to speak about the city of Zion as if Zion was a woman. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

will abundantly bless her

"will abundantly bless Zion"

will satisfy her poor with bread

Here "poor" refers to the poor people in Zion and "bread" probably represents food in general. AT: "will satisfy the poor people in Zion with food" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

I will clothe her priests with salvation

Salvation is spoken of as if it is clothing. Possible meanings are 1) "I will cause the priests to behave in a manner worthy of ones whom I have saved" or 2) "I will save her priests" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 132:17-18

I will make a horn to sprout for David

God speaks of a powerful descendant of David as if he was the powerful horn of an animal. AT: "I will make a descendant of David become king after him" or "I will cause David to have a descendant who will be a powerful king" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

set up a lamp for my anointed one

God speaks of causing David's descendants to continue to rule as king as if they were a lamp that would continue to shine. AT: "I will cause my anointed one's descendants to continue to rule as king" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my anointed one

"my chosen king" or "the king I have chosen"

I will clothe his enemies with shame

Shame is spoken of as if it was clothing. This shame would result from losing in war. AT: "I will cause his enemies to be ashamed" or "I will cause his enemies to be defeated and ashamed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

his crown will shine

The crown represents his rule, and greatness is spoken of as shining. AT: "he will be a great king" or "his greatness will shine" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 133

Psalms 133:intro-0

Psalm 133 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 133 is a wisdom psalm about harmony. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/wise.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Harmony

Harmony between relatives is refreshing and brings a blessings from God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/bless.md]])

Psalms 133:1

General Information:

song of ascents

Behold

This word is used to stress the importance of the statement that follows.

for brothers to live together

The relationships among fellow God's people is spoken of as if they were brothers. AT: "for God's people to live together peacefully as brothers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 133:2-3

It is like fine oil on the head

The goodness of unity among God's people is spoken of as if it were like the fine oil that was poured on Aaron's head. AT: "This unity is precious like the oil that was poured on Aaron's head" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

like the dew of Hermon

The goodness of unity among God's people is spoken of as it if it were refreshing like dew. AT: "refreshing like the dew of Hermon" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Hermon

This is a mountain in Israel that has snow on its peak year-round.

translationWords

Psalms 134

Psalms 134:intro-0

Psalm 134 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 134 is a temple psalm. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/temple.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Watchmen

The watchmen who work at night should praise God. Then he will bless them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/bless.md]])

Psalms 134:1-2

General Information:

song of ascents

all you servants of Yahweh

"all you who serve Yahweh"

Lift up your hands

This is how people prayed or praised God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

to the holy place

Possible meanings are 1) "to the temple" or 2) "to the holy place in the temple."

translationWords

Psalms 134:3

heaven and earth

The phrase "heaven and earth" here represents all things. AT: "everything in heaven and earth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 135

Psalms 135:intro-0

Psalm 135 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 135 is a worship psalm focusing on worshiping God because his greatness.

Psalms 135:7

bringing the wind out of his storehouse

A storehouse is a place where things are kept for future use. This imagery shows God's power to control the wind. AT: "causing the wind to blow by his power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/storehouse.md]]

Psalms 135:8-9

signs and wonders

These two words mean basically the same thing and refer to the miraculous troubles that God had caused in Egypt. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

into your midst, Egypt

The psalmist speaks as if the people of Egypt were listening to him. AT: "among you people of Egypt" or "among the people of Egypt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]])

against Pharaoh

"to punish Pharaoh"

translationWords

Psalms 135:10-11

Special concepts in this chapter

# Israel blessed

God has blessed Israel throughout its history and taken care of the needy people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/bless.md]])

Psalms 136:1-3

General Information:

Oh

for his covenant faithfulness endures forever

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the God of gods

the God who is greater than the gods that other people worship (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 136:4-5

for his covenant faithfulness endures forever

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in Psalms 136:1. AT: "because he remains faithful to his covenant forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

by wisdom

That is, because he is wise.

translationWords

Psalms 136:6-7

spread out the earth above the waters

The ancient Israelites thought that the earth's dry land was on top of the sea. AT: "placed the earth over the waters"

for his covenant faithfulness endures forever

great lights

overthrew Pharaoh

Here defeat is spoken of as if it were tipping someone over. AT: "defeated Pharaoh" or "defeated the king of Egypt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Pharaoh

That is, the army of Pharaoh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 136:16-17

for his covenant faithfulness endures forever

translationWords

Psalms 136:18-20

for his covenant faithfulness endures forever

Sihon ... Og

These kings were just two of the many kings that God enabled the Israelites to defeat. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 136:21-23

for his covenant faithfulness endures forever

called us to mind

"thought about us"

helped us in our humiliation

The condition of feeling shame is spoken of as if it were a place that the Israelites had been in. This is a reference to the many times when the Israelites' enemies had defeated them in battle and shamed them. AT: "cared when we were shamed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 136:24-26

has given us victory over our enemies

Causing people to be victorious and defeat their enemies is spoken of as giving them victory, as if victory were an object that can be given. AT: "has made us victorious over our enemies" or "has made us able to defeat our enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

for his covenant faithfulness endures forever

the God of heaven

"the God who lives in heaven" or "the God whom the heavenly beings worship"

translationWords

Psalms 137

Psalms 137:intro-0

Psalm 137 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 137 is a psalm of mourning and vengeance. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/avenge.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Songs of Zion

The captives are told to sing songs of Zion there in Babylon but they felt too unhappy to want to sing. The army from Babylon was cruel when it destroyed Jerusalem and the people of Edom encouraged them to destroy Jerusalem. They prayed that God will be cruel to the people of Edom and Babylon.

Psalms 137:1-2

General Information:

By the rivers of Babylon

"Next to one of the rivers near Babylon"

we sat ... wept ... we thought ... we hung

The writer does not include the readers. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])

On the poplars there

Poplar trees do not grow in Israel. "Poplars" may here stand for all the trees in Babylon. AT: "On the trees in Babylon" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 137:3-4

our captors required songs from us

"our captors required us to sing"

required us to be happy

"made us pretend to be happy"

one of the songs of Zion

This probably refers to songs that the Israelites had used in worship at the temple in Jerusalem.

translationWords

Psalms 137:5-6

If I ignore the memory of you, Jerusalem

The writer speaks as if Jerusalem is listening to him. AT: "If I act as if I did not remember you, Jerusalem" or "If I try to forget you, Jerusalem" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]])

right hand

the hand most people use most often

translationWords

Psalms 137:7

Call to mind

"Remember" or "Think about"

Call to mind, Yahweh, what the Edomites did

Here remembering what the Edomites did represents punishing them for what they did. AT: "Punish the Edomites, Yahweh, for what they did" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the day Jerusalem fell

Jerusalem being captured by an enemy army is spoken of as if it had fallen. Who captured Jerusalem can be stated clearly. AT: "the day Jerusalem was captured" or "the day the Babylonian army entered Jerusalem" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 137:8-9

General Information:

The psalmist addresses the people of Babylon as if they were there listening to him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]])

Daughter of Babylon

This represents the city of Babylon and its people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

may the person be blessed

This can be stated in active form. AT: "may God bless the person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

pays you back for what you have done to us

The writer speaks of someone doing to others what they have done as if were payment. AT: "does to you what you did to us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

dashes your little ones against a rock

"smashes your babies' heads against rocks"

translationWords

Psalms 138

Psalms 138:intro-0

Psalm 138 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm is a psalm of praise.

Special concepts in this chapter

# Answered prayers

God answers prayers and he protects the psalmist from his enemies.

Psalms 138:1-2

General Information:

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

I will give you thanks with my whole heart

The heart here represents the emotions. Doing something sincerely or completely is spoken of as doing it with all one's heart. AT: "I will sincerely thank you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

before the gods

Possible meanings are 1) "in spite of the false idols that exist" or 2) "before the heavenly assembly," which means "in the knowledge of the angels in heaven."

I will bow down

Bowing down is a symbolic action that represents worship and giving honor. AT: "I will worship you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

the ones whom your hands have made

This expression probably refers to the nation of Israel.

your hands have made

God is spoken of as if he had physically used hands to create. AT: "you have created" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 139

Psalms 139:intro-0

Psalm 139 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 139 is a psalm of praise.

Special concepts in this chapter

# God's care

God created the psalmist in his mother's womb and has taken care of him all of his life. No matter where he goes, God is always with him.

Psalms 139:1-2

General Information:

If I said, "Surely the darkness will cover me

The psalmist speaks of the night as if it were a blanket that could conceal him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

The night would shine like the day

The night, which is dark, is spoken of as if it were bright with light. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 139:13-14

You formed my inner parts

"Inner parts" refers to the interior organs of a person, but here the expression probably stands for the entire body. AT: "You made my entire body (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

My soul knows this very well

Here "soul" probably refers to the psalmist's innermost ability to be certain about God's love and guidance. The translator may, however, treat "soul" here as metonymy for the psalmist's mind and heart. AT: "I know this with all my heart" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 139:15-16

intricately made

"made with great complexity"

the depths of the earth

This is probably a way of speaking about a mother's womb (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

all the days assigned to me were recorded in your book even before the first one happened

This expression implies that ancient Israelites imagined that God wrote down his plans in a book.

Psalms 139:17-18

precious

"important" or "valued"

How vast is their sum!

"Your thoughts are so many."

they would be more in number than the sand

This hyperbole means that the writer would be unable to count God's thoughts. AT: "there would be more than I could count" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/god.md]]

Psalms 139:19-20

get away from me, you violent men

The psalmist is only pretending to speak directly to the violent men whom he has in mind. Translators may decide to express this command as a wish. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]])

They rebel against you

"They rebel against your authority, God"

your enemies tell lies

"your enemies lie about you"

translationWords

Psalms 139:21-22

Do I not hate those, Yahweh, who hate you? Do I not despise those who rise up against you?

These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Both of these questions actually make statements. AT: "Yahweh, I hate those who hate you! I despise those who rise up against you!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

rise up against

rebel against

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/raise.md]]

Psalms 139:23-24

Examine me

This is a request for God to tell the psalmist about any sinful thoughts that he may have. AT: "Please search me" or "I beg you to search me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Examine me, God, and know my heart; test me and know my thoughts

These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

any wicked way

Here "way" stands for behavior. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the everlasting way

Here "way" refers to trust and obedience in God. Anyone who "walks" this way will have everlasting life. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 140

Psalms 140:intro-0

Psalm 140 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 140 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's protection

He prayed that God would save him from his enemies who are lying about him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/save.md]])

Psalms 140:1-3

General Information:

For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship."

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

they cause battles

Here "battles" probably refers to conflict of any kind, including quarrels.

Their tongues wound like serpents

People who cause conflict by what they say are spoken of as if they had tongues of serpents. Of course, snakes do not do damage with their tongues, but with their bites and especially with poison. Neither can a person make his tongue sharp. Instead, here the idea of a sharp tongue stands for speaking in a way to cause trouble. And the idea the snakes have sharp tongues stands for the fact that many of them have poison. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 140:4-5

the hands of the wicked

That is, the power of the wicked (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

have set a trap ... have spread a net ... have set a snare

The exact kinds of traps are less important than the idea that wicked and proud people are planning to make trouble for the psalmist. If your readers do not know much about different ways of trapping, you may need to reduce this to one line. AT: "have set a trap to catch me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 140:6-8

listen to my cries

This is a call for help. AT: "listen to me as I call to you now for help" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

you shield my head in the day of battle

A person's head is in great danger during battle. Protecting the person's head represents protecting the whole person. AT: "you protect me when I go to war" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

battle

Here "battle" probably stands for any kind of severe trouble (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

do not grant the desires of the wicked

"please do not allow the wicked to have what they desire"

the wicked

Psalm 141 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 141 is a psalm of deliverance from his enemies and from sin. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's correction

The author prayed that God would keep him from sinning. He is glad to be corrected by good people. He asked God to show that he is right by destroying the evil leaders of the people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/good.md]], [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/righteous.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])

Psalms 141:1-2

General Information:

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms. See how you translated this in Psalms 3:1.

crying out

"asking you for help"

come quickly to me

The psalmist speaks as if Yahweh were a person who needed to come from another place to help him. What the psalmist wanted Yahweh to do can be stated clearly. AT: "come quickly to help me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Listen to me when I call

"Please hear me when I call" or "I beg you to hear me when I call"

May my prayer be like incense

The psalmist asks Yahweh to accept and be pleased with his prayer the way he would accept and be pleased with incense. AT: "May the my prayer please you the way the sweet smell of incense pleases people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

my prayer

The psalmist wants Yahweh to be pleased with him because he is praying and because of the words of his prayer. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

my lifted hands

"the hands that I have lifted up." Lifted hands are a metonym for prayer. People lifted their hands when they prayed or praised Yahweh. See how you translated "lift up your hands" in Psalms 134:2.

be like the evening sacrifice

The means to be like the animal that was burned on the altar in the evening. The psalmist speaks as if he wants Yahweh to be as pleased with him as he is with those who bring animals to sacrifice. He wants Yahweh to be pleased because the psalmist is praying or because of the words of his prayer. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 141:3-4

place a guard over my mouth

The psalmist speaks as if evil words were prisoners trying to escape from his mouth. AT: "please help me not to say things that are evil" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

place a guard over

"tell someone to guard"

guard the door of my lips

The psalmist speaks as if evil words were prisoners trying to escape from his mouth. AT: "please help me not to say things when I should not" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

participate in sinful activities

"do sinful deeds"

delicacies

"special foods"

translationWords

Psalms 141:5-7

hit me

The psalmist speaks as if giving a rebuke were physically hitting someone. AT: "rebuke me" or "hit me so I will listen when he corrects me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

it will be a kindness to me

The abstract noun "kindness" can be translated with an adverb. AT: "he will be acting kindly to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

it will be like oil on my head

Possible meanings are that the psalmist speaks as if a person correcting him were putting oil on his head 1) to honor him. AT: "when he corrects me, I will know that the one who corrects me is doing a good deed to me" or 2) to make his head feel better. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

may my head not refuse to accept it

The head is a synecdoche for the person. The litotes can be translated as a positive statement. AT: "may I accept it gladly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

my prayer is always against their wicked deeds

The words "wicked deeds" are a metonym for the people who do the wicked deeds. AT: "I always pray that Yahweh will stop wicked people from doing evil deeds" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Their leaders will be thrown down

Possible meanings are 1) "Someone will throw their leaders down" or 2) "Their leaders will throw them down." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

cliffs

ground that goes straight down a long way

our bones have been scattered

Possible meanings are 1) "people have thrown our bones around in different directions" or 2) as a result of the fall from the cliffs (141:6) "our bodies are broken and our bones lie in disorder."

translationWords

Psalms 141:8-10

my eyes are on you

The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. AT: "I am looking to see what you will do" or "I expect you to help me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

in you I take refuge

"I am asking you to protect me" See how "take refuge" is translated in Psalms 118:9. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my soul

The soul is a metonym for the whole person. AT: "me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

the snares that they have laid for me

The psalmist speaks of deceiving a good man so the good man will sin or so that the evil people can defeat him as if it were laying a trap for an animal. The word "snares" is a metonym for the people themselves. AT: "people who are looking for ways to harm me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

snares ... traps

Bible experts disagree on the exact meanings of these words. It would be best either to translate one of them with the word for a net or cage that contains the prey and the other as a rope or vine that catches the prey by the leg or neck or to translate both with the general word for "traps." See how these words are translated in Psalms 140:5.

from the traps of evildoers

The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. AT: "and protect me from the traps that those who do evil have set" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

Let the wicked fall into their own nets

The psalmist speaks of evil people deceiving good people as if hunters were trapping animals. AT: "Let the wicked fall into the net traps they have made to trap other people" or "Let the bad things the wicked planned for the righteous happen to the wicked instead"

translationWords

Psalms 142

Psalms 142:intro-0

Psalm 142 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 142 is a psalm of deliverance from his enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's help

The psalmist is alone, and has many enemies surrounding him. Despite this, Yahweh will help him. Then, good people will join the author. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/good.md]])

Psalms 142:1-2

General Information:

A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

cave

open place under the earth large enough for people to walk around in

I cry out for help to Yahweh ... I plead for Yahweh's favor

If these two lines are so much the same that the reader will get the wrong meaning, you can translate them as one line. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

with my voice

"using my voice" -

pour out my lament before him ... I tell him my troubles

pour out my lament before him

The psalmist speaks of telling Yahweh why he is sad as if he were pouring all of a liquid out of a container. AT: "I tell him all about why I am sad" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

tell him my troubles

"tell him about everything that makes me worry"

translationWords

Psalms 142:3-5

my spirit is weak within me

"I am weak" or "I am extremely discouraged"

you know my path

"you know the path I should take." The psalmist speaks as if what a person does were a path that that person walked along. AT: "you know the way I should live" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

In the way that I walk they have hidden a trap for me

The psalmist speaks of people wanting to harm him as if they were trying to trap an animal. AT: "They are making plans so that whatever I do they can harm me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my life

This is a metonym for "me." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

called out to you

This is a call for help. AT: "called to you now for help" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

my portion

Possible meanings are 1) "all I want" or 2) "all I need" or 3) "all I have."

in the land of the living

This idiom refers to a person being alive, as opposed to a person who is dead and in the place of the dead. AT: "while I am living" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 142:6-7

Listen to my call

This is a call for help. See how you translated this in Psalms 5:1. AT: "Listen to me as I call to you now for help" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I have been brought very low

Possible meanings are 1) "I am very needy" and 2) "I am very weak." See how "we are very low" is translated in Psalms 78:8.

Bring my soul out of prison

This is a request. The "soul" represents the whole person. AT: "bring me out of prison" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

give thanks to your name

The word "name" is a metonym for the person. See how you translated this in Psalms 5:11. AT: "give thanks to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 143

Psalms 143:intro-0

Psalm 143 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 143 is a deliverance psalm. The author prays for deliverance from his enemies. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/deliverer.md]])

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's help

The author prayed for help from Yahweh against his enemies because he is God's servant.

Psalms 143:1-2

General Information:

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

Hear my prayer

The words "my prayer" are a metonym for the person who is praying. See how these words are translated in Psalms 39:12. AT: "Listen to me as I pray to you" or "Be willing to do what I ask you to do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Do not enter into judgment

To "enter into judgment" is an idiom that means to pronounce judgment. AT: "Please do not judge" or "I beg you not to judge" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

your servant

The psalmist speaks of himself as if he were speaking of another person. AT: "me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

in your sight no one is righteous

Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. AT: "in your judgment no one is righteous" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 143:3-4

pursued my soul

Here the word "soul" represents the person. AT: "pursued me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

has pushed me down to the ground

"has completely defeated me"

My spirit is overwhelmed within me

"I am weak" or "I am extremely discouraged"

my heart despairs

"I no longer have any hope"

translationWords

Psalms 143:5-6

call to mind

"think about"

your accomplishments

"all that you have accomplished" or "all the great things you have done"

spread my hands out to you in prayer

"pray to you with my hands lifted up at my sides"

my soul thirsts for you in a parched land

The psalmist speaks of wanting to be with God as if he were in a parched land and he also was about to die of thirst. AT: "I want to be with you the way a person in a parched land who is very thirsty wants water" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my soul thirsts for you

The psalmist desires to know Yahweh. The intensity of his desire to know Yahweh is like one who is very thirsty. AT: "I long for you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my soul

The soul is a metonym for the person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

parched land

A land where everything has died because there is no water.

Selah

This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. See how you translated this in Psalms 3:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-transliterate/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 143:7-8

my spirit faints

Here the "spirit" refers to the whole person. AT: "I am weak" or "I am very discouraged" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Do not hide your face from me

This is a request. "I beg you not to hide from me" or "Please, do not hide from me"

Do not hide your face from me

The psalmist speaks of Yahweh refusing to do what the psalmist asks as if Yahweh were refusing to even look at the psalmist. This litotes can be stated as a positive. AT: "Do not refuse to listen to me" or "Please listen to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

I will become like those who go down into the pit

Here the word "pit" refers to the place of the dead. This phrase is a euphemism for death. AT: "I will become just another dead person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

Let me hear your covenant faithfulness

"Cause me to hear of your covenant faithfulness" or "Tell me of your covenant faithfulness." The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Let me hear of how you are faithful to your covenant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

in the morning

Possible meanings are 1) "in the morning," at the time many people thought was the best time to pray, or 2) "morning by morning," every day.

Show me

"Tell me"

the way where I should walk

The psalmist speaks of the way people live as if it were a path on which they walk. AT: "how you want me to live" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

for I lift up my soul to you

Possible meanings are 1) "I pray to you" or 2) "I believe that you will guide and protect me."

translationWords

Psalms 143:9-10

I flee to you to hide

Possible meanings are 1) "I flee to you so I can hide" and 2) "I flee to you so you will hide and protect me."

to do your will

"to do what you want me to do"

lead me in the land of uprightness

Possible meanings are 1) "help me to live righteously" or 2) "may my life be free of trouble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the land of uprightness

Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor for righteous living or 2) "a level land," a metaphor for life free of trouble. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 143:11-12

for your name's sake

Yahweh's name represents his reputation and character. AT: "because of who you are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the enemies of my life

"the enemies who want to take my life"

In your covenant faithfulness cut off my enemies

"Show your covenant faithfulness by cutting off my enemies." The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. AT: "Because you are faithful to your covenant, cut off my enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the enemies of my life

"the enemies of my soul." My "life" may be understood as representing the speaker. AT: "my enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 144

Psalms 144:intro-0

Psalm 144 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 144 is a worship psalm. It is the first worship psalm in a series consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150).

Special concepts in this chapter

# Safety

Psalm 144 is a prayer for safety and prosperity for the nation of Israel.

Psalms 144:1-2

General Information:

A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

my rock

Possible meanings are 1) "the one who keeps me safe" or 2) "the one who gives me strength" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

who trains my hands for war and my fingers for battle

The words "hands" and "fingers" are synecdoches for "me." If "war" and "battle" are the same word in your language, you can translate this as one line. AT: "who trains me for war and trains me for battle" or "who trains me for war" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

my covenant faithfulness

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with anadverb. Possible meanings are 1) "the one who faithfully loves me" or 2) "the one who faithfully protects me." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

my fortress ... take refuge

The psalmist uses many metaphors to emphasize that Yahweh will protect him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my high tower

David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a fortress that protects him from attack. Yahweh is the one who protects David from harm. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my shield

David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a shield that protects a soldier. Yahweh is the one who protects David from harm. See how this is translated in Psalms 18:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the one in whom I take refuge

Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "the one to whom I go so he will protect me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the one who subdues nations under me

"the one who enables me to defeat other nations"

translationWords

Psalms 144:3-4

Yahweh, what is man that you take notice of him or the son of man that you think about him?

These questions can be translated as statements. AT: "Man is so small compared to everything else you have made that I am surprised that you take notice of man and that you think about the son of man" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

man ... son of man

two words for human beings. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

like a breath ... like a passing shadow

The writer compares humans to these thing to emphasize how short their lives are. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 144:5-6

Cause ... come down ... touch ... make ... Send ... scatter ... shoot ... drive

These should probably be translated as requests, not commands, since the psalmist considers God greater than him.

Cause the sky to sink

Possible meanings are 1) tear the sky open or 2) bend the heavens like a tree branch bends when someone walks on it or as one bends a bow before shooting arrows.

in confusion

"so they do not know what to think or what to do"

translationWords

Psalms 144:7-8

Reach out your hand from above; rescue me out of many waters

David speaks as if God were on land above a flood and had physical hands with which he could pull David out of a flood. The flood is a metaphor for the troubles caused by the "foreigners." AT: "You who are able to act, help me overcome my troubles" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

from the hand of foreigners

Here "hand" refers to power. AT: "from the power of foreigners" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Their mouths speak lies

Here the word "mouths" represent the people who speak. AT: "They speak lies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

their right hand is falsehood

Possible meanings are 1) David speaks of the custom of raising the right hand to swear that what one is about to say in court is true, "they lie even when they swear to tell the truth," or 2) the "right hand" is a metaphor for power, "everything they have gotten, they have gotten by telling lies." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 144:9-11

new song

Possible meanings are 1) "a song no one has ever sung before" or 2) "a song I have never sung before."

you, who give ... kings, who rescued

"you. It is you who give ... kings. It is you who rescued"

David your servant

David speaks of himself as if he were someone else. "me, David, your servant"

from an evil sword

David speaks of evil people as if they were the swords they use as weapons. AT: "from evil people who were trying to kill him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Rescue me and free me

"Please rescue me and free me"

from the hand of foreigners

Here "hand" refers to power. See how you translated these words in Psalms 144:7-8. AT: "from the power of foreigners" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Their mouths speak lies

The people are represented by their "mouths." See how you translated these words in Psalms 144:7-8. AT: "They speak lies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

their right hand is falsehood

Possible meanings are 1) David speaks of the custom of raising the right hand to swear that what one is about to say in court is true, "they lie even when they swear to tell the truth," or 2) the "right hand" is a metaphor for power, "everything they have gotten, they have gotten by telling lies."See how you translated these words Psalms 144:7-8. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 144:12-13

like plants who grow to full size

healthy and strong

in their youth

the time when people develop

our daughters like carved corner pillars

"may our daughters be like carved corner pillars"

carved corner pillars

"beautiful posts that hold up the corners of a large house"

pillars, shapely like those of a palace

"pillars that are carved to make a palace beautiful"

thousands and ten thousands in our fields

"thousands—even tens of thousands!—and fill up our fields" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 144:14-15

No one will break through our walls

"No one will be able to invade our city"

no outcry

Here the outcry is associated with a severe problem that causes the person to cry out. AT: "no one crying in pain" or "no one crying for help" or "no one calling out for justice" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 145

Psalms 145:intro-0

Psalm 145 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 145 is a worship psalm. This is the second in a series of worship psalms consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150).

will speak out the praise of Yahweh

"tell everyone how good Yahweh is"

let all mankind bless his holy name

The word "name" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. See how "may his glorious name be blessed" is translated in Psalms 72:19. AT: "let all people bless him" or "let all people do what makes him happy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 146

Psalms 146:intro-0

Psalm 146 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 146 is a worship psalm. It is the third in series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)

Special concepts in this chapter

the blind

This nominal adjective can be stated as adjectives. AT: "blind people" or "those who are blind" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

Yahweh raises up those who are bowed down

Yahweh helping someone is spoken of as if he were physically helping someone to stand up. AT: "Yahweh helps those who are discouraged" or "Yahweh helps those who are weak" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

who are bowed down

This action is a sign of distress or mourning. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 146:9-10

he lifts up

God helping someone is spoken of as if he were physically lifting them up. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

your God, Zion

Here "Zion" represents all the people of Israel. The writer is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were there listening to him. AT: "your God, people of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]])

for all generations

The words "will reign" are understood. AT: "will reign for all generations" or "will reign forever" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 147

Psalms 147:intro-0

Psalm 147 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 147 is a worship psalm. It is the fourth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's control

Yahweh has created everything and controls all of nature. He provides for the animals and people.

Psalms 147:1

General Information:

when they cry

"whey they chirp" or "when they call"

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/heaven.md]]

Psalms 147:10-11

He finds no delight in the strength of a horse

"Strong horses do not delight him"

the strong legs of a man

Possible meanings are 1) "strong legs" is a metonym that represents how swiftly a man can run. AT: "men who can run swiftly" or 2) "strong legs" represents the strength of the whole man. AT: "how strong a man is" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 147:19-20

He proclaimed his word to Jacob, his statutes and his righteous decrees to Israel

These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh gave his law only to Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

his statutes and his righteous decrees to Israel

The verbal phrase can be supplied from the previous line. AT: "He proclaimed his statutes and his righteous decrees to Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

his statutes and his righteous decrees

The words "statutes" and "righteous decrees," along with "word" in the previous line, all refer to the law of Moses. If your language does not have different words for these terms, you may combine the two lines into one, using either "Jacob" or "Israel" for the people who received them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

they do not know them

The other nations do not know Yahweh's decrees.

translationWords

Psalms 148

Psalms 148:intro-0

Psalm 148 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 148 is a worship psalm. It is the fifth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)

Special concepts in this chapter

# Praise

All creation, including humans, should praise God for his greatness.

Psalms 148:1-2

General Information:

Praise Yahweh, you in the heavens ... you in the heights

"Praise Yahweh, you in the heavens ... you in the sky." These two lines are parallel, with phrase "the heights" meaning the same thing as "the heavens" in the previous line. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 148:3-4

Praise him, sun and moon

The writer speaks to the sun and moon as if they were people and commands them to praise Yahweh. AT: "Praise Yahweh, sun and moon, as people do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

praise him, all you shining stars

The writer speaks to the shining stars as if they were people and commands them to praise Yahweh. AT: "Praise Yahweh, shining stars, as people do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Praise him, highest heaven

The phrase "highest heaven" is an idiom that refers to heaven itself. The writer speaks to heaven as if it were a person and commands it to praise Yahweh. AT: "Praise Yahweh, highest heaven, as people do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

you waters that are above the sky

The writer speaks to "the waters that are above the sky" as if they are people and commands them to praise Yahweh. The verbal phrase can be supplied from the previous line. AT: "praise him, you waters that are above the sky, as people do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

waters that are above the sky

The writer speaks of a place above the sky where water is stored and from which the rain comes.

translationWords

Psalms 148:5-6

Let them praise the name of Yahweh

Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "Let them praise Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

they were created

This can be stated in active form. AT: "he created them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

he issued a decree that will never change

Possible meanings are 1) "he gave a command that is permanent" or 2) "he gave a command that they will not disobey."

issued

"gave," as a king gives

translationWords

Psalms 148:7-8

all ocean depths

This phrase represents every creature that lives in the depths of the oceans. AT: "all creatures in the ocean depths" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

fire and hail, snow and clouds, stormy wind

The writer speaks to these natural phenomena as if they are people and commands them to praise Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

stormy wind fulfilling his word

"stormy wind that does what Yahweh commands"

translationWords

Psalms 148:9-10

Connecting Statement:

The writer continues to speak to things that are not human as if they were people and commands them to praise Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

animals wild and tame

The words "wild" and "tame" are opposites. Together they encompass all animals. AT: "all animals" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 148:11-12

Connecting Statement:

The writer commands all people to praise Yahweh.

all nations

The word "nations" represents the people who live in those nations. AT: "people of every nation" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

young men and young women, elderly and children

The writer uses two merisms, one related to gender and one related to age, to represent every person. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 148:13-14

the name of Yahweh, for his name alone

Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. AT: "Yahweh, for he alone" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

his glory extends over the earth and the heavens

The writer speaks of Yahweh's greatness as his glory being high above earth and heaven. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

He has lifted up the horn of his people

The writer speaks of strength as if it were the horn of an animal. Lifting up an animal horn was a symbolic action that represented military victory. AT: "He has made his people strong" or "He has given his people victory" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

for praise from all his faithful ones

"so that all his faithful ones praise him"

the people near to him

The writer speaks of Yahweh loving his people as if his people were physically close to him. AT: "the people he loves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 149

Psalms 149:intro-0

Psalm 149 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 149 is a worship psalm. It is the sixth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)

Special concepts in this chapter

# Praise

The people of Israel should praise God and conquer the other nations.

Psalms 149:1

General Information:

The psalmist is speaking to all of God's people, so you should use the plural command form if your language has one. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-pronouns/01.md]])

a new song

Possible meanings are 1) "a song you have never sung before" or 2) a song no one has ever sung before.

sing his praise

"praise him with songs"

translationWords

Psalms 149:2-3

rejoice in the one who made them

Possible meanings are 1) "rejoice because he made them" or 2) "rejoice because the one who made them is good."

rejoice in their king

The words "their king" is likely a reference to God. Possible meanings are 1) "rejoice because he is their king" or 2) "rejoice because their king is good."

praise his name

The word "name" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. AT: "praise him" or "tell people how great he is" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

The abstract noun "judgment" can be stated as "judge." AT: "They will judge and punish the people of those nations as God wrote should be done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

translationWords

Psalms 150

Psalms 150:intro-0

Psalm 150 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 150 is a worship psalm. It is last in a series of worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)

Special concepts in this chapter

# Instruments

People should praise Yahweh with every type of musical instrument.

Psalms 150:1-2

everything that has breath

This is an exaggeration that calls on all people who are alive to praise God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

translationWords

[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/breath.md]]

open-licensed biblical content

Psalms

Psalms front

Psalms front:intro

Introduction to Psalms

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of Psalms

What is the Book of Psalms?

How should the title of this book be translated?

When was the Book of Psalms written?

What are the Messianic psalms?

What are superscriptions in the Psalms?

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

What are some important ways in which Yahweh is pictured in the Book of Psalms?

What is the importance of honor and shame in the Book of Psalms?

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

Why do the ULB and UDB display the Book of Psalms as poetry, but some modern versions do not?

Why do some versions number the Psalms differently than others?

How should the translator view the terms Selah and Higgaion that occur in various psalms?

Psalms 1

Psalms 1:intro-0

Psalm 001 General Notes

Type of psalm

Special concepts in this chapter

# Blessed

# People who opposed Yahweh

Links:

Psalms 1:1-2

General Information:

who does not walk in the advice of the wicked

stand in the pathway with sinners

or sit in the assembly of mockers

delight

Yahweh

translationWords

Psalms 1:3

General Information:

He will be like a tree ... fruit in its season

planted by the streams of water

that produces its fruit in its season

whose leaves do not wither

whatever he does will prosper

translationWords

Psalms 1:4-5

The wicked are not so

but are instead like the chaff

will not stand in the judgment

in the judgment

nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous

nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous

translationWords

Psalms 1:6

For Yahweh approves of the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish

the way of the righteous

the way of the wicked will perish

translationWords

Psalms 2

Psalms 2:intro-0

Psalm 002 General Notes

Type of psalm

Special concepts in this chapter

# Yahweh's protection

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphor

Links:

Psalms 2:1-3

General Information:

Why are the nations in turmoil, and why do the peoples make plots that will fail?

are the nations in turmoil

the nations

plots that will fail

The kings of the earth take their stand together ... the rulers conspire together

take their stand together ... conspire together

Let us tear off the shackles ... throw off their chains

translationWords

Psalms 2:4-5

He ... the Lord

sits in the heavens

the Lord mocks them

terrify them in his rage