2 Timothy

2 Timothy front

Introduction to 2 Timothy

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of the book of 2 Timothy

1. Opening (1:1–2)
2. Thanksgiving (1:3–5)
3. Exhortation to remain faithful (1:6–18)
4. Encouragement to persevere (2:1–13)
5. Instructions for opposing false teaching (2:14–4:8)
6. Travel plans and news (4:9–18)
7. Greetings (4:19–21)
8. Letter closing (4:22)

Who wrote the book of 2 Timothy?

The author identifies himself as Paul the apostle. Paul was originally from the city of Tarsus but lived in Jerusalem. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee, and he persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire, telling people about Jesus. Eventually, he was arrested and taken to Rome, the capital of the empire. After several years in jail, he was released. Sometime later, he was arrested again and eventually executed. Most likely, Paul wrote this letter during this final time in prison.

Paul wrote this letter to Timothy, who was Paul’s disciple and his close friend. Most likely, Timothy was in Ephesus during this time. Paul may have written other letters to Timothy, but this is the second one that we still have. That is why it is known as 2 Timothy or Second Timothy.

What is the book of 2 Timothy about?

When Paul wrote this letter, he knew that he would soon die. He wrote to encourage Timothy to continue serving God as a leader, no matter what would happen to Paul. More specifically, he warned Timothy against false teachers, urged him to teach what is true, cautioned him about evil people, and asked him to visit. Throughout the letter, it is clear that Paul cared for Timothy and wanted him to continue to serve God well even after Paul had died.

How should the title of this book be translated?

Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “2 Timothy” or “Second Timothy.” Or they may choose a different title, such as “Paul’s Second Letter to Timothy” or “A Second Letter from Paul to Timothy.” (See: How to Translate Names)

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

Who were the false teachers?

The only information we have about who these false teachers were and what they taught comes from this letter and from the letters called 1 Timothy and Titus. These false teachers were Christians, or at least claimed to be Christians. They taught by using texts and stories that Paul considered unreliable, they spoke about and debated things that Paul considered unimportant, and they caused divisions and controversies. According to 1 Timothy, they told people not to marry and to avoid eating certain kinds of food. According to 2 Timothy, some of them said that the resurrection had already happened. Since the only information about the false teachers and what they taught come from this letter and 1 Timothy and Titus, it is best not to specify precisely what false teaching this was. You should preserve what Paul said about the false teaching without making it fit into a type of false teaching that might be familiar in your area.

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

What did Paul mean by the expression “in Christ Jesus”?

Paul uses the spatial metaphor “in Christ Jesus” seven times in this letter. This metaphor emphasizes that believers are as closely united to Christ as if they were inside him. Paul believes that this is true for all believers, and sometimes he uses “in Christ Jesus” simply to identify that what he is speaking about is true for those who believe in Jesus. At other times he emphasizes union with Christ as the means or the basis for some statement or exhortation. See the notes on specific verses for help in understanding the contextual meaning of “in Christ Jesus.” (See: Metaphor)

What does Paul mean when he uses the word “faith”?

Paul uses the abstract noun “faith” eight times in this letter. The word “faith” could refer to the act of having “faith” or to the content of the “faith,” that is, what it is that Christians believe. In many places in 2 Timothy, Christians have different understandings of which meaning Paul intended. In each of these places, a translation note provides examples of how to express the two possible meanings, and the UST models how to express the idea when the word “faith” refers to the act of believing. (See: faith)

Who receives the “love” that Paul mentions in the letter?

Paul uses the abstract noun “love” four times in this letter. He could mean that believers should love each other or that they should love God or that they should love both God and each other. If possible, though, you should express the idea so that it could include all of these possibilities. If you must express whom people are to love, it is recommended that you indicate that it is fellow believers. The UST models how to express the idea in that way. (See: love, beloved)

To whom does Paul refer with the words “we,” “us,” and “our”?

Paul always uses the first-person plural to refer to both himself and Timothy, and often he includes other believers as well. So, you should always use the inclusive form of the first-person plural in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: Exclusive and Inclusive ‘We’)

When is “you” singular, and when is “you” plural?

Since this letter is addressed to an individual, Timothy, every form of “you” throughout the letter is singular except for “you” in the final blessing in 4:22. A note will point out this occurrence of a plural form of “you.” (See: Forms of ‘You’ — Singular)

What are the major textual issues in the text of the book of 1 Timothy?

In the following verses, ancient manuscripts do not all have the same words. The ULT uses the words that are found in most of the earliest manuscripts. When you translate these verses, you should compare the ULT with any translations with which your readers may be familiar to see what your readers may expect. Unless there is a good reason to use the alternate words, you should follow the ULT. See the footnotes and notes at each of these verses for more information. (See: Textual Variants)

• “a teacher” (1:11). Some ancient manuscripts have this: “a teacher of the Gentiles.”
• “Suffer together” (2:3). Some ancient manuscripts have this: “You, therefore, suffer.”
• “God” (2:14). Some ancient manuscripts have this: “the Lord.”
• “and by his appearing” (4:1). Some ancient manuscripts have this: “according to his appearing.”
• “The Lord” (4:22). Some ancient manuscripts have this: “The Lord Jesus Christ.”
• “you” (4:22). Some ancient manuscripts have this: “you. Amen.”

2 Timothy 1

2 Timothy 1 General Notes

Structure and Formatting

1. Opening (1:1–2)
2. Thanksgiving (1:3–5)
3. Exhortation to remain faithful (1:6–18)
   • Paul urges Timothy not to be ashamed and to preserve the gospel (1:6–14)
   • Paul gives examples of unfaithful and faithful people (1:15–18)

Special Concepts in this Chapter

Timothy’s “gift”

In 1:6, Paul speaks about the “gift” that Timothy received. He received it when Paul laid his hands on Timothy to commission him. It is clear from the context that this “gift” is a special skill or ability that Timothy had. Most likely, this skill or ability enabled Timothy to teach and lead believers well. Since Paul does not state or even imply what the “gift” was, you should use a general word or phrase that refers to a special skill or ability.

The “deposit”

In 1:12 and 1:14, Paul refers to a “deposit.” These two uses of the word “deposit” can be understood in two ways: 1. In verse 12, Paul is referring to something he “deposits” with God, which would be his life or his eternal blessings. In verse 14, Paul is referring to something that God has “deposited” with Timothy, which would be the gospel or his ministry. 2. In verse 12 and in verse 14, Paul is referring to something that God has “deposited” with himself and Timothy, which would be the gospel or their ministries.

See the notes on these verses for more information and translation options.

Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter

Spiritual children

In 1:2, Paul calls Timothy a “beloved child.” He means that Timothy is like a son to him in the context of their faith in Jesus. The phrase implies that Paul is a mentor to Timothy and that Timothy is a good student. Since the use of family language for fellow believers is an important metaphor in the New Testament, if possible preserve the metaphor or express the idea in simile form. See the notes on this verse for translation options. (See: Metaphor)

2 Timothy 1:1

Paul, an apostle

Quote: Παῦλος, ἀπόστολος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person

In this culture, letter writers would give their own names first, referring to themselves in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person here. Or if your language has a particular way of introducing the author of a letter, and if it would be helpful to your readers, you could use it here. Alternate translation: “From Paul. I am an apostle”

through the will of God

Quote: διὰ θελήματος Θεοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of will, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because that is what God wanted” or “because of what God decided”

according to

Quote: κατ’ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase according to could indicate: (1) that the purpose for which Paul is an apostle is to tell others about the promise of life. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of declaring” (2) that the reason why Paul is an apostle is the promise of life. Alternate translation: “because of” (3) that God’s will contains or includes the promise of life. Alternate translation: “which will contains”

the promise of life

Quote: ἐπαγγελίαν ζωῆς (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession

Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a promise that promises life. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the promise that guarantees life”

of life that {is} in Christ Jesus

Quote: ζωῆς τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul uses the spatial metaphor in Christ Jesus to describe life that can only be experienced when someone is in union with Christ Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that this life can only be experienced when people are united to Christ Jesus. Alternate translation: “of life that is received in union with Christ Jesus” or “of life that is gained when people are united to Christ Jesus”

of life that {is

Quote: ζωῆς τῆς (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul is referring to new, eternal life with God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of eternal life that is” or “of new life with God that is”

of life that {is

Quote: ζωῆς τῆς (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of life, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “about living forever, which people do”

2 Timothy 1:2

to Timothy

Quote: Τιμοθέῳ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person

In this culture, after giving their own names, letter writers would name those to whom they sent the letter, referring to them in the third person. If that is confusing in your language, you could use the second person here. Or if your language has a particular way of introducing the recipient of a letter, and if it would be helpful to your readers, you could use it here. Alternate translation: “This letter is for you, Timothy”

beloved child

Quote: ἀγαπητῷ τέκνῳ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Paul speaks of his close relationship to Timothy as though Timothy were his beloved child. Paul means that he is Timothy’s spiritual father, and Paul loves Timothy in the way a father loves his child. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who is like a beloved child to me” or “a beloved spiritual son”

beloved child

Quote: ἀγαπητῷ τέκνῳ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Paul. Alternate translation: “child whom I love”

Grace, mercy, peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord

Quote: χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη, ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing

After stating his name and the name of the person to whom he is writing, Paul adds a blessing for Timothy. Use a form that people would recognize as a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: “May you experience grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord” or “I pray that grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord will always be with you”

Grace, mercy, peace

Quote: χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of Grace, mercy, and peace, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “May you be treated graciously, mercifully, and peacefully by God the Father and by Christ Jesus our Lord”

God the Father

Quote: Θεοῦ Πατρὸς (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples

Father is an important title for God the Father that describes his relationship with Jesus, his Son.

our

Quote: ἡμῶν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive

In this letter, Paul uses the words our, “we,” and “us” to refer either to Timothy and himself or else to all believers, which would also include the two of them. So, use the inclusive forms of those words throughout your translation if your language marks that distinction.

2 Timothy 1:3

I have gratitude

Quote: χάριν ἔχω (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of gratitude, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “I am grateful” or “I am thankful”

whom I serve from my ancestors

Quote: ᾧ λατρεύω ἀπὸ προγόνων (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

Here Paul means that he serves God in the same way that his ancestors did. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “whom I serve in the way I received from my ancestors” or “whom my ancestors served and I serve as well”

with a pure conscience

Quote: ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

A conscience that is pure is one that does not convict a person of doing anything wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with a clean conscience” or “with a conscience that is not guilty”

as I have the constant remembrance concerning you

Quote: ὡς ἀδιάλειπτον ἔχω τὴν περὶ σοῦ μνείαν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of remembrance, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “as I remember you constantly” or “as I think about you constantly”

you

Quote: σοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular

In this letter, with one exception, the words you, “your,” and “yourself” refer to Timothy and so are singular. A note will discuss the one exception in 4:22.

night and day

Quote: νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

Here, the phrase night and day indicates that Paul prays during both the day and the night. This means that he was praying very often every day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “during every day and every night”

2 Timothy 1:4

remembering your tears

Quote: μεμνημένος σου τῶν δακρύων (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul implies that Timothy shed tears when Paul had to leave Timothy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “remembering your tears when we separated” or “remembering your tears when I said goodbye to you”

your tears

Quote: σου τῶν δακρύων (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, the word tears represents the act of shedding tears, that is, crying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your weeping” or “your sadness”

I may be filled with joy

Quote: χαρᾶς πληρωθῶ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Paul speaks of himself as if he were a container that could be filled with joy. He means that he will experience very much joy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I may have very much joy” or “I may rejoice a lot”

I may be filled with joy

Quote: χαρᾶς πληρωθῶ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “joy may fill me”

I may be filled with joy

Quote: χαρᾶς πληρωθῶ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of joy, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “may become joyful”

2 Timothy 1:5

having received remembrance

Quote: ὑπόμνησιν λαβὼν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of remembrance, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “having remembered” or “having been reminded”

of the sincere faith in you which dwelt first

Quote: τῆς ἐν σοὶ ἀνυποκρίτου πίστεως, ἥτις ἐνῴκησεν πρῶτον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of faith, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “that you sincerely believe, which was true first”

of the sincere faith in you

Quote: τῆς ἐν σοὶ ἀνυποκρίτου πίστεως (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of faith as if it were an object inside of Timothy. He means that Timothy truly has this faith, not that people are trusting in Timothy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of your genuine faith” or “of your faith that is genuine”

which dwelt first in your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice, and I am persuaded that {it is} also in you

Quote: ἥτις ἐνῴκησεν πρῶτον ἐν τῇ μάμμῃ σου, Λωΐδι, καὶ τῇ μητρί σου, Εὐνίκῃ; πέπεισμαι δὲ ὅτι καὶ ἐν σοί (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification

Here Paul speaks as if Timothy, Lois, and Eunice were houses that faith has dwelt in. He means that they all truly have faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “which your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice had, and I am persuaded that you also have it”

your grandmother

Quote: τῇ μάμμῃ σου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship

Paul does not indicate whether this grandmother is the mother of Timothy’s father or mother. If you must specify, the connection with Timothy’s mother might imply that she was the mother of Timothy’s mother. Alternate translation: “your maternal grandmother”

Lois … Eunice

Quote: Λωΐδι & Εὐνίκῃ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

The words Lois and Eunice are the names of women.

I am persuaded

Quote: πέπεισμαι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I am sure” or “I am confident”

2 Timothy 1:6

For which reason

Quote: δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase which reason refers back to the fact of Timothy’s sincere faith (see 1:5). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “because of which sincere faith”

to rekindle the gift

Quote: ἀναζωπυρεῖν τὸ χάρισμα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of Timothy’s gift as if it were a fire that he needed to rekindle. He could mean that: (1) Timothy needs to use his gift more than he has in the past. Alternate translation: “to make use even more of the gift” (2) Timothy needs to start using his gift again, with the implication being that he has stopped using it consistently. Alternate translation: “to be eager once more to use the gift”

the gift of God that is in you

Quote: τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Paul speaks of Timothy as if he were a container that could hold the gift of God. He means that Timothy has this gift. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the gift of God that you have”

the gift of God that is in you

Quote: τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul implies that this gift is a specific ability or skill that God had given Timothy for his ministry. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the skill that you have as a gift from God” or “the gift of God in you, your special ability,”

through the laying on of my hands

Quote: διὰ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν μου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction

Here Paul is speaking of a ceremony during which he put his hands on Timothy. When he did that, he was commissioning Timothy to use his gift and to proclaim the gospel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to a comparable action in your culture, or you could explain what this action means. Alternate translation: “through the laying on of my hands to commission you” or “once I authorized you by laying my hands on you”

2 Timothy 1:7

For

Quote: γὰρ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result

Here, the word For introduces a reason why Timothy should rekindle his gift (1:6). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for an exhortation, or you could leave For untranslated. Alternate translation: “You should do that because” or “I remind you of that because”

a spirit of cowardice but of power and of love and of self-control

Quote: πνεῦμα δειλίας, ἀλλὰ δυνάμεως, καὶ ἀγάπης, καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the word spirit could refer to: (1) the spirit of a person, which refers to the inner life of a person, that is, how that person thinks, feels, and makes decisions. Alternate translation: “an attitude of fear but of power and of love and of disposition” or “a heart of fear but a heart of power and of love and of disciple” (2) the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit to make us cowardly but to make us powerful and loving and self-controlled”

of cowardice but of power and of love and of self-control

Quote: δειλίας, ἀλλὰ δυνάμεως, καὶ ἀγάπης, καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of fear, power, love, and self-control, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “that makes us cowardly but one that makes us powerful, loving, and self-controlled”

of self-control

Quote: σωφρονισμοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the word self-control could refer to: (1) the ability to control or restrain one’s desires. Alternate translation: “of moderation” or “of personal restraint” (2) the ability to make wise decisions. Alternate translation: “of prudence” or “of clear thinking”

2 Timothy 1:8

Therefore

Quote: οὖν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result

Here, the word Therefore includes an exhortation that is based on what Paul said in the previous verse about having power, love, and self-control instead of fear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces an exhortation based on a previous statement. Alternate translation: “So then” or “Because you have that spirit”

do not be ashamed of the testimony of our Lord, nor of me, his prisoner

Quote: μὴ & ἐπαισχυνθῇς τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, μηδὲ ἐμὲ, τὸν δέσμιον αὐτοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “do not let the testimony of our Lord, nor me, his prisoner, shame you”

the testimony of our Lord

Quote: τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession

Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe testimony that is about our Lord. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the testimony concerning our Lord” or “testifying about our Lord”

his prisoner

Quote: τὸν δέσμιον αὐτοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession

Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe himself as a prisoner because of how he serves Jesus. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “a prisoner for his sake” or “a prisoner because I serve the Lord”

suffer together

Quote: συνκακοπάθησον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase suffer together could indicate that Timothy should suffer with: (1) Paul. Alternate translation: “suffer together with me” (2) all Christians who suffer. Alternate translation: “suffer together with other believers”

for the gospel

Quote: τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul implies that Timothy should be willing to suffer as he believes in and proclaims the gospel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “as you preach the gospel” or “for the sake of believing and proclaiming the gospel”

according to the power of God

Quote: κατὰ δύναμιν Θεοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of power, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “as God empowers you” or “which God will make you able to do”

2 Timothy 1:9

to a holy calling

Quote: κλήσει ἁγίᾳ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, the phrase holy calling could refer to: (1) the result of being called, which is to be holy. Alternate translation: “to be holy people” (2) the way in which God called, which is a holy way. Alternate translation: “with a holy calling” “by means of a holy calling”

not according to our works, but according to his own purpose and grace, the {grace} having been given to us

Quote: οὐ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα ἡμῶν, ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν καὶ χάριν, τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of works, purpose, or grace, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “not according to the things we do, but according to what he decided ahead of time and graciously did, which he did for us”

according to his own purpose and grace

Quote: κατὰ ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν καὶ χάριν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys

Here, the words purpose and grace could: (1) refer to two separate things according to which God saved and called believers. Alternate translation: “according to both his own purpose and his grace” (2) refer to one thing described with two words connected by and. This is called hendiadys. Alternate translation: “according to his own gracious purpose”

the {grace} having been given

Quote: τὴν δοθεῖσαν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “which God gave”

in Christ Jesus before eternal times

Quote: ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul uses the spatial metaphor in Christ Jesus to describe the union of believers with Christ Jesus. In this case, being in Christ Jesus, or united to Christ, is the only way in which believers are given grace. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that the grace is given to believers as part of their union with Christ Jesus. Alternate translation: “before eternal times in union with Christ Jesus” or “before eternal times as part of being united to Christ Jesus”

before eternal times

Quote: πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

Here Paul is indicating that God did this before God made the world and before time began to be counted. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before time began” or “before God made anything”

2 Timothy 1:10

and now having been revealed

Quote: φανερωθεῖσαν δὲ νῦν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “which now God has revealed” or “which now God has allowed people to know”

through the appearance of our Savior Christ Jesus

Quote: διὰ τῆς ἐπιφανείας τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the word appearance refers to when Jesus became a human being, lived on earth, died, and rose again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “through how our Savior Christ Jesus became a man and lived, died, and rose again” or “through the incarnation of our Savior Christ Jesus”

both having abolished death

Quote: καταργήσαντος μὲν τὸν θάνατον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of death, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “both having enabled dead people to be dead no longer”

and having brought to light life and immortality through the gospel

Quote: φωτίσαντος δὲ ζωὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if Jesus used the gospel to shine a light on life and immortality. He means that, by using the gospel, Jesus revealed how people can have life and immortality. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and having taught us about life and immortality through the gospel” or “and having revealed life and immortality through the gospel”

life and immortality

Quote: ζωὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of life and immortality, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “being able to live and be immortal”

life and immortality

Quote: ζωὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys

The two words life and immortality express a single idea. The word immortality describes what kind of life Paul is speaking about. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning in a different way. Alternate translation: “immortal life”

life

Quote: ζωὴν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul is referring to new, eternal life with God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “eternal life” or “new life with God”

2 Timothy 1:11

for which

Quote: εἰς ὃ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns

Here, the pronoun which refers back to “the gospel” in the previous verse. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to “the gospel” more directly. Alternate translation: “for which gospel”

I was appointed

Quote: ἐτέθην ἐγὼ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God appointed me”

a herald

Quote: κῆρυξ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

A herald is someone who is sent out to announce a message. If your readers would not be familiar with a person who performs this kind of task, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translations: “an announcer” or “a messenger”

a teacher

Quote: διδάσκαλος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants

Many ancient manuscripts read a teacher. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “a teacher of the Gentiles.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.

2 Timothy 1:12

for which reason

Quote: δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase which reason refers back to the fact that Paul was appointed to be a herald, apostle, and teacher (see 1:11). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “because of which appointment” or “and so”

I also suffer these things

Quote: καὶ ταῦτα πάσχω (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul does not mention the specific things that he is suffering, but from the context of the letter, Timothy would have known that he was referring to suffering as a prisoner (see 2:9). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I also suffer as a prisoner” or “I also suffer while I am in jail”

I am not ashamed

Quote: οὐκ ἐπαισχύνομαι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that it would be the things that Paul is suffering. Alternate translation: “that does not shame me”

in whom

Quote: ᾧ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns

The pronoun whom could refer: (1) to God generally. Alternate translation: “God, in whom” (2) to Jesus specifically. Alternate translation: “Jesus, in whom”

I have been persuaded

Quote: πέπεισμαι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I am confident” or “I know”

to guard my deposit

Quote: τὴν παραθήκην μου φυλάξαι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession

Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a deposit that could be: (1) something that Paul has entrusted to God. Alternate translation: “to guard the deposit from me” (2) something that God has entrusted to Paul. Alternate translation: “to guard the deposit given to me”

to guard my deposit

Quote: τὴν παραθήκην μου φυλάξαι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if God were guarding a deposit of money or goods. He means that God will protect or preserve the deposit. What the deposit represents depends on what you chose in the previous note about who gave the deposit to whom. If the deposit: (1) was given by Paul to God, then it could represent Paul himself, the rewards he will receive, or his resurrection life. Alternate translation: “to protect my true life” or “to preserve me” (2) was given by God to Paul, then it could represent the gospel or Paul’s ministry. Alternate translation: “to protect the gospel given to me” or “to preserve my ministry”

that day

Quote: ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul is referring to the exact moment when Jesus will return to this world, which will also be the end of the current time period. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “that day when Jesus will return” or “Jesus’ second coming”

2 Timothy 1:13

Hold the pattern

Quote: ὑποτύπωσιν ἔχε (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul indicates that he wants Timothy to maintain the basic form and content of the healthy words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Maintain the form” or “Preserve the core content”

of healthy words

Quote: ὑγιαινόντων λόγων (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if words could be healthy. He means that these words are good and reliable in every way and have no defect or corruption. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of words that are like healthy food” or “of correct words”

of healthy words

Quote: ὑγιαινόντων λόγων (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, words represents things spoken using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of healthy statements” or “of healthy declarations”

in faith and love {that are} in Christ Jesus

Quote: ἐν πίστει καὶ ἀγάπῃ τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of faith and love, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “believing and loving, which you can do in Christ Jesus”

that are} in Christ Jesus

Quote: τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase in Christ Jesus could describe: (1) both faith and love. Alternate translation: “that are both in Christ Jesus” (2) just love. Alternate translation: “that is in Christ Jesus”

that are} in Christ Jesus

Quote: τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Paul uses the spatial metaphor in Christ Jesus to describe the union of believers with Christ. In this case, being in Christ Jesus, or united to Christ Jesus, explains how Timothy can have faith and love. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that Timothy can have faith and love as one who has been united to Christ Jesus. Alternate translation: “that are in union with Christ Jesus” or “that come from being united to Christ Jesus”

2 Timothy 1:14

Guard the good deposit

Quote: τὴν καλὴν παραθήκην φύλαξον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase good deposit refers to something that has been entrusted to Timothy and that he must Guard. More specifically, the good deposit is the gospel, which God entrusted to Timothy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “guard the good deposit of the gospel” or “guard the good gospel, which God entrusted to you,”

through the Holy Spirit

Quote: διὰ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου (1)

Alternate translation: “with the help of the Holy Spirit”

the one dwelling in us

Quote: τοῦ ἐνοικοῦντος ἐν ἡμῖν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if believers were buildings that the Holy Spirit were dwelling in. He means that the Holy Spirit is with believers in a special way and empowers them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who is always with us as if he were dwelling in us” or “the one who is with us to give us power”

2 Timothy 1:15

You know this, that

Quote: οἶδας τοῦτο, ὅτι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo

Here, the word this refers directly ahead to the phrase all the ones in Asia turned away from me. Paul expresses the idea in this way because it was powerful in his language. If using the word this to refer to what someone is about to say would be redundant in your language, you could omit the redundant information and make the expression powerful in another way. Alternate translation: “You surely know that”

all the ones in Asia

Quote: πάντες οἱ ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole

Paul says all here as an overstatement to emphasize how many believers turned away from him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “most of the people who believe in Asia”

the ones in Asia

Quote: οἱ ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase the ones in Asia could refer to: (1) believers who are living in Asia. Alternate translation: “the believers living in Asia” (2) believers who are from Asia but who were with Paul where he was imprisoned, which was probably Rome. Alternate translation: “the believers from Asia” or “the ones who came with me from Asia”

turned away from me

Quote: ἀπεστράφησάν με (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of people who stopped listening to him and helping him as if they had turned away from him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “turned their backs on me” or “abandoned me”

turned away from me

Quote: ἀπεστράφησάν με (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul implies that these people turned away because Paul was accused of doing what was wrong and put in jail. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “turned away from me when I was accused” or “turned away from me because I am in prison”

Phygelus … Hermogenes

Quote: Φύγελος & Ἑρμογένης (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

The words Phygelus and Hermogenes are the names of men.

2 Timothy 1:16

May the Lord give mercy to the household of Onesiphorus

Quote: δῴη ἔλεος ὁ Κύριος τῷ Ὀνησιφόρου οἴκῳ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing

Here Paul asks God to bless the family of Onesiphorus. Use a form that people would recognize as a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: “I ask the Lord to give mercy to the household of Onesiphorus” or “I pray that the household of Onesiphorus will have mercy from the Lord”

May the Lord give mercy

Quote: δῴη ἔλεος ὁ Κύριος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of mercy, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “May the Lord be merciful”

of Onesiphorus

Quote: Ὀνησιφόρου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

The word Onesiphorus is the name of a man.

was not ashamed of my chain

Quote: τὴν ἅλυσίν μου οὐκ ἐπησχύνθη (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my chain did not shame him”

my chain

Quote: τὴν ἅλυσίν μου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, chain represents imprisonment, or being in jail. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my imprisonment” or “me being in prison”

2 Timothy 1:17

but

Quote: ἀλλὰ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast

Here, the word but introduces what Onesiphorus did instead of being ashamed of Paul. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave but untranslated. Alternate translation: “but instead,” or “and rather,”

in Rome

Quote: ἐν Ῥώμῃ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul implies that he was in prison in Rome. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “in Rome, where I am,”

2 Timothy 1:18

May the Lord give to him to find mercy from the Lord in that day. And as much as he served in Ephesus, you know very well

Quote: (δῴη αὐτῷ ὁ Κύριος, εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ Κυρίου ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ), καὶ ὅσα ἐν Ἐφέσῳ διηκόνησεν, βέλτιον σὺ γινώσκεις (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure

If it would be helpful in your language, you could reverse the order of these sentences, since the second sentence continues to describe what Onesiphorus did, as the previous verse does. Alternate translation: “And as much as he served in Ephesus, you know very well. May the Lord give to him to find mercy from the Lord in that day”

May the Lord give to him to find mercy from the Lord

Quote: δῴη αὐτῷ ὁ Κύριος, εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ Κυρίου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing

Here Paul again asks God to bless Onesiphorus. Use a form that people would recognize as a blessing in your language. See how you translated the similar blessing in 1:16. Alternate translation: “I ask the Lord to give to him to find mercy from the Lord” or “I pray that he will have mercy from the Lord”

to find mercy from the Lord

Quote: εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ Κυρίου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of mercy as if it were an object that Onesiphorus could find. He means that he wants Onesiphorus to experience mercy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to receive mercy from the Lord”

to find mercy from the Lord

Quote: εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ Κυρίου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of mercy, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be treated mercifully by the Lord”

in that day

Quote: ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul is referring to the exact moment when Jesus will return to this world, which will also be when he judges everyone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “on that day when Jesus will return” or “at the final judgment”

as much as he served

Quote: ὅσα & διηκόνησεν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul could be implying that Onesiphorus served: (1) Paul specifically. Alternate translation: “as much as he served me” (2) believers in general. Alternate translation: “as much as he served believers”

2 Timothy 2

2 Timothy 2 General Notes

Structure and Formatting

1. Encouragement to persevere (2:1–13)
   • Paul instructs Timothy in how to serve Jesus (2:1–7)
   • Paul and the gospel he preaches (2:8–10)
   • A trustworthy saying (2:11–13)
2. Instructions for opposing false teaching (2:14–4:8)
   • Paul instructs Timothy to teach what is right and avoid false teaching (2:14–19)
   • God’s people as a house (2:20–21)
   • Paul explains the traits that should characterize Timothy (2:22–26)

In 2:11–13, Paul either quotes a poetic hymn or composes his own poetry. Because these verses are poetry, the ULT sets each line farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. Consider how you might express these verses as poetry in your language.

Special Concepts in this Chapter

False teaching

In 2:16–18, Paul refers to false teaching. He describes the teaching as “profane empty sayings” that lead to ungodliness. He further indicates that the false teaching can spread like an infectious disease and destroy people’s faith in Jesus. Finally, in 2:23, Paul refers to “foolish and uneducated controversies” that cause debates and divisions within the church. However, Paul writes very little about the content of this false teaching. The only information he gives is that two men who are false teachers say that the resurrection has already happened (see 2:18). This could mean that everyone already has their resurrected bodies, that there is only a spiritual resurrection, or that people who are on earth have somehow missed the resurrection. Paul does not give enough information to know which of these options is what the false teachers were saying. So, it is best to refer to the false teaching in very general terms, as Paul does, without including any information that might be implied.

Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter

The three illustrations in 2:4–6

In these three verses, Paul describes a soldier, an athlete, and a farmer. He describes these people as illustrations for how Timothy should behave as a leader and teacher in the church. Since Paul tells Timothy to think carefully about these illustrations so that he can understand them (see 2:7), it is best not to explain the illustrations in your translation. However, if it would be helpful in your language, you could include footnotes that explain what the illustrations might mean. Here are likely interpretations: 1. The soldier avoids becoming involved in matters of regular life. That way, he can please his commander. In the same way, Timothy should focus on pleasing Jesus. To do so, he will need to avoid becoming involved in many things that most people care about. 2. The athlete can only be declared the winner if he or she competes according to the rules. In the same way, Timothy must do what God has required. Only then will he successfully lead and teach other believers. 3. The farmer who works hard should receive a share of the crop before anyone else does. In the same way, if Timothy works hard to serve Jesus, he deserves to receive a reward. This reward could be payment and support from the believers he leads, or it could be the rewards that God will give him at the final judgment.

A house and the containers in it

In 2:19–21, Paul speaks about a house and the containers within it in order to teach Timothy about the church. In 2:19, Paul indicates that “the firm foundation of God” stands, despite the false teachers. The firm foundation could represent the gospel, which is the basis for the church, or it could represent the church itself. In 2:20, Paul refers to “containers” that are found within “a great house.” The implication is that this “great house” is built on the “firm foundation” and so represents God’s people, the church. Paul then speaks about the “containers,” some of which are valuable and durable and some of which are cheap and breakable. The valuable and durable containers are used for honorable tasks, while the cheap and breakable containers are used for dishonorable tasks. The valuable and durable containers probably represent people who serve God well, while the cheap and breakable containers probably represent people who are failing to serve God well, including the false teachers. Then, in 2:21 Paul urges people to cleanse themselves so that they can be like the valuable and durable containers. Since this is an extended metaphor that Paul partly explains in 2:21, you should preserve the figure of speech in some form. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: Biblical Imagery — Extended Metaphors)

Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter

The poetry in 2:11–13

In these verses, Paul either quotes or composes a short work of poetry. Some scholars think that Paul is quoting part of an early hymn. These verses describe the union of believers with Jesus and how Jesus responds when Christians deny and are unfaithful to him. Consider what form your language uses for poetry and for hymns. If possible, express these verses using that form. (See: Poetry)

2 Timothy 2:1

You, therefore

Quote: σὺ οὖν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result

Here, the word therefore could introduce: (1) an inference from 1:15–18. In this case, Paul wants Timothy to act like Onesiphorus and not like Phygelus and Hermogenes. Alternate translation: “Like those who have not abandoned me, you too” or “In contrast to Phygelus and Hermogenes, you” (2) an inference from most or all of chapter 1. Alternate translation: “Given all that, you” (3) further exhortation to Timothy that is not based on anything specific. Alternate translation: “Now you”

my child

Quote: τέκνον μου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Paul speaks of his close relationship to Timothy as though Timothy were his child. Paul means that he is Timothy’s spiritual father, and Paul loves Timothy in the way a father loves his child. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who are like a child to me” or “my spiritual son”

be strengthened

Quote: ἐνδυναμοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, you could indicate that it is: (1) God. Alternate translation: “let God strengthen you” (2) Timothy himself. Alternate translation: “strengthen yourself”

in the grace {that is} in Christ Jesus

Quote: ἐν τῇ χάριτι τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of grace, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in the way that God acts graciously toward you in Christ Jesus”

in the grace

Quote: ἐν τῇ χάριτι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the word in could introduce: (1) the circumstance in which Timothy is strengthened. Alternate translation: “while you experience the grace” (2) the means by which Timothy is strengthened. Alternate translation: “by the grace”

that is} in Christ Jesus

Quote: τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul uses the spatial metaphor in Christ Jesus to describe the union of believers with Christ Jesus. In this case, being in Christ Jesus, or united to Christ Jesus, is the way in which Timothy is given grace. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that the grace is given to Timothy as part of his union with Christ Jesus. Alternate translation: “that is given in union with Christ Jesus” or “that you have because you are united to Christ Jesus”

2 Timothy 2:2

through many witnesses

Quote: διὰ πολλῶν μαρτύρων (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase through many witnesses could indicate that: (1) many people have witnessed or testified to the truth of what Paul has taught Timothy. Alternate translation: “that many witnesses have affirmed” (2) Timothy has been taught by Paul in the presence of many people who can witness or testify to what Paul said. Alternate translation: “in the presence of many witnesses”

place these things before

Quote: ταῦτα παράθου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Paul speaks of his teachings as if they were objects that Timothy could physically place before other people. He means that Timothy should give these people the same teachings that Paul gave to Timothy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translations: “pass these things on to” or “speak these things to”

faithful men

Quote: πιστοῖς ἀνθρώποις (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations

Although the term men is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “to faithful men and women”

2 Timothy 2:3

Suffer together

Quote: συνκακοπάθησον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase Suffer together could indicate that Timothy should suffer with: (1) Paul. Alternate translation: “Suffer together with me” (2) all Christians who suffer. Alternate translation: “Suffer together with other believers”

Suffer together

Quote: συνκακοπάθησον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants

Many ancient manuscripts read Suffer together. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “You, therefore, suffer.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.

as a good soldier of Jesus Christ

Quote: ὡς καλὸς στρατιώτης Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if Timothy were a soldier who fights for and serves Jesus Christ. A good soldier is one who obeys his commander even if that means suffering and pain. So, Timothy will be like a good soldier when he obeys Jesus even if that means that he will Suffer together with Paul. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as if you were a good soldier and Jesus Christ were your commander” or “as someone who faithfully serves Jesus Christ no matter what happens”

2 Timothy 2:4

No one serving as a soldier is entangled in the affairs of life, so that he may please the one having enlisted him

Quote: οὐδεὶς στρατευόμενος ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις, ἵνα τῷ στρατολογήσαντι ἀρέσῃ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor

Here Paul continues to speak about a soldier to help Timothy understand how to behave. Just as a soldier focuses on pleasing his commander, so Timothy should focus on pleasing Jesus. To do so, he will have to avoid becoming entangled in the affairs of life. Since Paul tells Timothy in 2:7 to think carefully about the examples that he gives in this verse and in 2:5–6, you should not explain the meaning of this metaphor here. However, if it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that indicates that Paul is using a metaphor or giving an example. Alternate translation: “Imagine that you are a soldier. No one serving as a soldier is entangled in the affairs of life, so that he may please the one having enlisted him”

is entangled in the affairs of life

Quote: ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Paul speaks of the affairs of life as if they were a net that could trap people and keep them from being able to move freely. He means that the affairs of life would prevent a soldier from doing what he is supposed to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is trapped by the affairs of life” or “is distracted by the affairs of life”

is entangled

Quote: ἐμπλέκεται (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “entangles himself”

in the affairs of life

Quote: ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase the affairs of life refers to the normal things that people who are not soldiers do and care about, including having a job and owning a home. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to those things more explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the normal tasks of everyday life” or “in the everyday jobs of civilian life”

the one having enlisted him

Quote: τῷ στρατολογήσαντι (1)

Alternate translation: “his leader” or “the one who commands him”

2 Timothy 2:5

But also

Quote: δὲ καὶ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases

Here, the phrase But also introduces another example or metaphor that Paul uses to explain how Timothy should serve Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces another example, or you could leave But also untranslated. Alternate translation: “Further” or “Similarly”

if anyone competes, he is not crowned if he has not competed lawfully

Quote: ἐὰν & ἀθλῇ τις, οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks about an athlete who competes in a sport. He speaks about this to help Timothy understand how to behave. Just as an athlete will only receive the crown given to the winner if he competes lawfully, so Timothy will only be rewarded if he serves Jesus lawfully, that is, as Jesus desires. Since Paul tells Timothy in 2:7 to think carefully about the examples that he gives in this verse and in 2:4 and 2:6, you should not explain the meaning of this metaphor here. However, if it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that indicates that Paul is using a metaphor or giving an example. Alternate translation: “imagine that you are an athlete. If anyone competes as an athlete, he is not crowned if he has not competed lawfully”

if anyone competes, he is not crowned if he has not competed lawfully

Quote: ἐὰν & ἀθλῇ τις, οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo

Here Paul uses an imaginary situation to show what happens when athletes do not compete lawfully. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “suppose someone did not compete lawfully. In that case, he would not be crowned”

competes

Quote: ἀθλῇ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the word competes refers specifically to competing in an athletic event. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “competes in an athletic event” or “competes as an athlete”

he is not crowned if he has not competed lawfully

Quote: οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives

If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning in positive form. Alternate translation: “he can only be crowned is he has competed lawfully”

he is not crowned

Quote: οὐ στεφανοῦται (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that it would be the officials or referees who were judging the competition. Alternate translation: “the officials will not crown him”

he is not crowned

Quote: οὐ στεφανοῦται (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

In Paul’s culture, when athletes won competitions, they were crowned with wreaths made from the leaves of plants. If your readers would not be familiar with this custom, you could refer to how athletes are recognized as winners in your culture, or you could use a more general statement. Alternate translation: “he is not given an award” or “he is not declared the winner”

he has not competed lawfully

Quote: μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul refers to the rules that governed a competition. The athletes had to obey the rules, or they would be removed from the competition and not have an opportunity to win. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he has not competed according to the rules of the competition”

2 Timothy 2:6

It is necessary for the hardworking farmer first to share in the fruits

Quote: τὸν κοπιῶντα γεωργὸν δεῖ πρῶτον τῶν καρπῶν μεταλαμβάνειν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks about a farmer who is hardworking. He speaks about this to help Timothy understand how to behave. Just as this kind of farmer should be first to share in the fruits, so Timothy will be first to receive rewards if he works hard to serve Jesus. Since Paul tells Timothy in 2:7 to think carefully about the examples that he gives in this verse and in 2:4–5, you should not explain the meaning of this metaphor here. However, if it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that indicates that Paul is using a metaphor or giving an example. Alternate translation: “Now imagine that you are a farmer. It is necessary for the hardworking farmer first to share in the fruits”

for the hardworking farmer

Quote: τὸν κοπιῶντα γεωργὸν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun

The word farmer represents farmers in general, not one particular farmer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “any hardworking farmer”

first to share in the fruits

Quote: πρῶτον τῶν καρπῶν μεταλαμβάνειν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul implies that other people will share in the fruits, but the farmer is one who should share in them first. In other words, he is the one who deserves to receive the benefits of his work before anyone else does. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to share in the fruits before anyone else does” or “to receive the first share of the fruits”

2 Timothy 2:7

Think about what I am saying

Quote: νόει ὃ λέγω (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul means that Timothy should Think about what Paul has written about soldiers, athletes, and farmers (2:4–6). He wants Timothy to apply these examples to himself as he serves Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Think about the examples I have given” or “Think about what I have said about soldiers, athletes, and farmers”

will give you understanding

Quote: δώσει & σοι & σύνεσιν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of understanding, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “will help you to understand”

in everything

Quote: ἐν πᾶσιν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase in everything could refer to: (1) everything related to the three examples that Paul has given to Timothy in the previous verses. Alternate translation: “about everything that I have just said” or “about all those examples” (2) everything that Timothy needs to know to serve Jesus well. Alternate translation: “about everything that you need to know” or “about all things related to serving him”

2 Timothy 2:8

Remember

Quote: μνημόνευε (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the word Remember indicates that Timothy should think consistently about Jesus Christ. It does not imply that Timothy might completely forget about Jesus Christ. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Concentrate on” or “Consistently think about”

having been raised from the dead, from the seed of David

Quote: ἐγηγερμένον ἐκ νεκρῶν, ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυείδ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events

Jesus was born from the seed of David before he was raised from the dead. If it would be helpful in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses to express the ideas in sequential order. Alternate translation: “from the seed of David, having been raised from the dead”

having been raised

Quote: ἐγηγερμένον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

Here, the word raised refers to someone who died coming back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable idiom or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “having been restored to life”

having been raised

Quote: ἐγηγερμένον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, Paul implies that God did it. Alternate translation: “whom God has raised”

from the dead

Quote: ἐκ νεκρῶν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj

Paul is using the adjective dead as a noun in order to refer to people who are dead. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “from among the dead people” or “from the corpses”

from the seed of David

Quote: ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυείδ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if Jesus were a plant that grew from a seed that came from David. He means that Jesus is a descendant of David. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who is descended from David”

according to my gospel

Quote: κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession

Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe the gospel that God gave to him to preach. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “according to the gospel message that I preach” or “according to the gospel that was given to me”

2 Timothy 2:9

even to chains

Quote: μέχρι δεσμῶν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, chains represents imprisonment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “even to imprisonment” or “even up to being imprisoned”

like a criminal

Quote: ὡς κακοῦργος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile

Paul is saying that he is being treated like a criminal because he has been put in jail with those who break laws. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “like someone who has committed crimes” or “like someone who has disobeyed the government”

the word of God has not been bound

Quote: ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if the word of God could have been bound, as Paul has been. However, even when Paul is in jail and cannot preach the gospel in many places, the word of God cannot be restrained or contained in one place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the word of God cannot be restrained as a prisoner can be restrained by chains” or “nothing is holding back the message from God”

the word of God has not been bound

Quote: ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “nothing has bound the word of God” or “nobody has bound the word of God”

the word of God

Quote: ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession

Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a word that comes from God. Alternate translation: “the word that comes from God”

the word

Quote: ὁ λόγος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, word represents the gospel, which people speak using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the gospel”

2 Timothy 2:10

Because of this, I endure all things

Quote: διὰ τοῦτο, πάντα ὑπομένω (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns

The pronoun this could refer to: (1) what Paul said in the previous verse about how God’s word is not bound. Alternate translation: “Because God’s word has not been bound, I endure all things” (2) what Paul is about to say about the elect and their salvation. Alternate translation: “Here is why I endure all things:”

I endure all things

Quote: πάντα ὑπομένω (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole

Paul says all here as an overstatement to emphasize that he endures every bad thing that happens to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “I endure all of these sufferings” or “I endure many things”

the elect

Quote: τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj

Paul is using the adjective elect as a noun to mean people whom God has chosen. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the elect people” or “those who have been chosen”

they also may obtain salvation {that is} in Christ Jesus

Quote: καὶ αὐτοὶ σωτηρίας τύχωσιν τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of salvation, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “they also may be saved, which happens in Christ Jesus”

that is} in Christ Jesus

Quote: τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul uses the spatial metaphor in Christ Jesus to describe the union of believers with Christ Jesus. In this case, being in Christ Jesus, or united to Christ Jesus, is the only way in which believers obtain salvation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that believers obtain salvation as part of their union with Christ Jesus. Alternate translation: “that is received in union with Christ Jesus” or “that they have because they are united to Christ Jesus”

with eternal glory

Quote: μετὰ δόξης αἰωνίου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase with eternal glory could refer to glory: (1) that goes along with salvation. Alternate translation: “along with eternal glory” (2) that characterizes salvation. Alternate translation: “salvation that has eternal glory”

with eternal glory

Quote: μετὰ δόξης αἰωνίου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of glory, you could express the same idea in another way. Be sure that your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “and they will live gloriously forever” or “along with being eternally great”

2 Timothy 2:11

The word {is} trustworthy

Quote: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, word represents what Paul is about to write using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “What I am about to write is trustworthy” or “The following words are trustworthy”

2 Timothy 2:11-13

For if we died with {him}, we will also live with {him … If we endure, we will also reign with {him}. If we deny {him}, he also will deny us … If we are unfaithful, he remains faithful, for he is not able to deny himself

Quote: εἰ γὰρ συναπεθάνομεν, καὶ συνζήσομεν & εἰ ὑπομένομεν, καὶ συνβασιλεύσομεν; εἰ ἀρνησόμεθα, κἀκεῖνος ἀρνήσεται ἡμᾶς & εἰ ἀπιστοῦμεν, ἐκεῖνος πιστὸς μένει; ἀρνήσασθαι γὰρ ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks

These words are the word that Paul shares with Timothy. To indicate this, the ULT and UST put quotation marks around these words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use quotation marks or another form to indicate which words are the ones that Paul introduces as the word.

2 Timothy 2:11

For

Quote: γὰρ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases

Here, the word For could: (1) be part of the word that Paul quotes here. In this case, For does not connect directly with anything that Paul has previously said. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (2) introduce the word as the reason for what Paul has said in the previous verses about remembering Jesus and enduring in suffering. Alternate translation: “We should endure because” or “Remember Christ Jesus because”

if we died with {him

Quote: εἰ & συναπεθάνομεν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact

Paul speaks as if this were a hypothetical situation, but he means that this does certainly happen. If your language does not state something as a condition if it does happen, and if your readers might think that what Paul is saying is uncertain, then you could translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “when we died with him”

we died with {him

Quote: συναπεθάνομεν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul refers to how believers, in their union with Christ, share in Christ’s death. In this way, they too have died. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “we died, as it were, with him” or “we participated in the Messiah’s death”

we will also live with {him

Quote: καὶ συνζήσομεν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul refers to the new life that believers receive in their union with Christ. This new life can be experienced now, but Paul seems especially to be speaking about the eternal life that believers will have after Jesus comes back. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “we will also experience new life with him” or “we will also have eternal life with him”

2 Timothy 2:12

we endure

Quote: ὑπομένομεν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul implies that believers must endure suffering and persecution. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “we endure suffering” or “we endure persecution”

we deny {him

Quote: ἀρνησόμεθα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul refers to people denying that they know and believe in Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “we deny that we believe in him”

he also will deny us

Quote: κἀκεῖνος ἀρνήσεται ἡμᾶς (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul implies that at the final judgment Jesus will deny that these people know him and believe in him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he also will deny that we believe in him” or “he also will deny at the final judgment that we are his followers”

2 Timothy 2:13

we are unfaithful

Quote: ἀπιστοῦμεν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the word unfaithful could refer to: (1) failing to be loyal to Jesus and disobeying him. Alternate translation: “we disobey Jesus” or “we are disloyal to Jesus” (2) failing to believe in Jesus. Alternate translation: “we stop believing in Jesus” or “if we no longer trust Jesus”

he remains faithful

Quote: ἐκεῖνος πιστὸς μένει (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the word faithful could indicate that: (1) Jesus remains loyal to these people. In other words, he still does what he said he would, even if they do not. Alternate translation: “he continues to do what he said he would” or “he remains true to them” (2) Jesus consistently acts based on who he is. In this case, Jesus will be faithful to his promise to deny those who deny him. Alternate translation: “he remains consistent and will deny them” or “he is true to himself and will judge them”

he is not able to deny himself

Quote: ἀρνήσασθαι & ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase deny himself refers to a person choosing not to do what they would naturally do. Here, then, Paul means that Jesus is able to do only what he would naturally do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he is not able to stop doing what he does” or “he will always do what fits with who he is”

2 Timothy 2:14

Remind {them} of

Quote: ὑπομίμνῃσκε (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul implies that Timothy should Remind the believers who are with him and over whom he has responsibility. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Remind the believers there of”

these things

Quote: ταῦτα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase these things refer to what Paul has previously written. This includes the trustworthy word in 2:11–13 and perhaps also 2:1–10. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “what I have written” or “the things I have just said”

adjuring {them} before God

Quote: διαμαρτυρόμενος ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula

Here Paul wants Timothy to put the believers under oath, making them swear by God, that they will do what Timothy tells them to do. Use a natural way in your language to express an oath. Alternate translation: “making them swear before God” or “requiring that they solemnly promise God”

God

Quote: τοῦ Θεοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants

Many ancient manuscripts read God. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “the Lord.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.

not to battle about words

Quote: μὴ λογομαχεῖν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul refers to arguments about what words mean as if they were battles. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “not to dispute about words”

to the destruction of the ones hearing

Quote: ἐπὶ καταστροφῇ τῶν ἀκουόντων (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of destruction, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and it destroys the ones hearing”

to the destruction of the ones hearing

Quote: ἐπὶ καταστροφῇ τῶν ἀκουόντων (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul implies that battling about words damages the faith of the ones hearing and stops their spiritual growth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to the destruction of the faith of the ones hearing” or “to the ruin of the spiritual growth of the ones hearing”

2 Timothy 2:15

Strive to present yourself approved to God

Quote: σπούδασον σεαυτὸν, δόκιμον παραστῆσαι τῷ Θεῷ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

Here Paul means that Timothy should Strive to be the kind of person who is approved by God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Work hard so that God approves of you” or “Do your best to please God”

a worker

Quote: ἐργάτην (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if Timothy were a skilled worker. He means that Timothy works for God as a teacher and leader. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “like a craftsman” or “someone who works for God and is”

not ashamed

Quote: ἀνεπαίσχυντον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say what would do the action, it is clear from the context that it would be his work. Alternate translation: “without shame” or “whose work does not shame him”

cutting the word of truth straight

Quote: ὀρθοτομοῦντα τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Paul refers to the word of truth as if it were wood or cloth that Timothy should cut straight. He means that Timothy should understand and teach the word of truth carefully and properly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “teaching the word of truth rightly as if it were a piece of cloth that you were cutting straight” or “instructing others properly in the word of truth”

the word of truth

Quote: τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession

Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a word that could be: (1) true. Alternate translation: “the word that is true” (2) that is about something that is true. Alternate translation: “the word about what is true”

the word of truth

Quote: τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of truth, you could express the same idea in another way. Be sure that your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “the true word”

the word

Quote: τὸν λόγον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, word represents the gospel, which people speak using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the gospel”

2 Timothy 2:16

But

Quote: δὲ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast

Here, the word But introduces how Timothy should treat profane empty sayings in contrast with how he should treat “the word of truth” (2:15). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave But untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,”

profane, empty sayings

Quote: τὰς & βεβήλους κενοφωνίας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul implies that the sayings are empty of useful or true information. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the profane sayings that have no meaning”

they will advance

Quote: προκόψουσιν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns

The pronoun they could refer to: (1) the people who speak and listen to the profane empty sayings. When Paul refers to “their word” in 2:17, he seems to be speaking about these people. Alternate translation: “the people who indulge in them will advance” or “those who speak and listen to them will advance” (2) the profane empty sayings themselves. In this case, Paul means that the sayings become more and more ungodly as people use them. Alternate translation: “these sayings will advance”

they will advance further in ungodliness

Quote: ἐπὶ πλεῖον & προκόψουσιν ἀσεβείας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of people who speak the profane empty sayings as if they could physically advance further or progress in a certain direction, and he speaks of ungodliness as that direction. He means that these people become more and more ungodly as they speak these sayings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they have even more ungodliness” or “they will be characterized by even more ungodliness”

in ungodliness

Quote: ἀσεβείας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of ungodliness, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in being ungodly”

2 Timothy 2:17

their word

Quote: ὁ λόγος αὐτῶν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, word represents what people say using words. In this case, Paul is referring specifically to the “profane empty sayings” to which he referred in 2:16. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “their sayings” or “their message”

will have a spreading like gangrene

Quote: ὡς γάγγραινα νομὴν ἕξει (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile

Paul is saying that profane empty sayings will spread like gangrene because both these sayings and gangrene spread quickly and are dangerous. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “will spread quickly and destroy things, just as gangrene does”

gangrene

Quote: γάγγραινα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

The word gangrene refers to a type of tissue death caused by infection or lack of blood circulation. The type of gangrene that Paul is referring to can spread quickly through a person’s body and can lead to death. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of infection, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a contagious infection” or “a deadly disease”

Hymenaeus and Philetus

Quote: Ὑμέναιος, καὶ Φίλητος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

The words Hymenaeus and Philetus are names of men.

2 Timothy 2:18

have missed the mark concerning the truth

Quote: περὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἠστόχησαν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Paul speaks as if the truth were a mark or target that these two men have missed. Paul means that these men have failed to maintain the truth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “have not remained in the truth” or “have ceased to have the truth”

concerning the truth

Quote: περὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of truth, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “concerning what is true”

the resurrection has already happened

Quote: ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of resurrection, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “that people have already resurrected”

who} overturn the faith of some

Quote: ἀνατρέπουσιν τήν τινων πίστιν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of faith as if it were an object that these two men could overturn. He means that they are disrupting or destroying people’s faith in Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who tear down the faith of some” or “who cause some to lose their faith”

the faith of some

Quote: τήν τινων πίστιν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of faith, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “how some believed” or “some who used to believe”

2 Timothy 2:19

the firm foundation of God stands

Quote: ὁ & στερεὸς θεμέλιος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἕστηκεν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of a firm foundation that stands to indicate that something that God has established is secure and will remain. Paul could be referring to: (1) God’s people, the church. In this case, God has established his people as a firm foundation, and no false teaching can make them stop believing. Alternate translation: “the church of God stands like a firm foundation” (2) the gospel. In this case, God has established the gospel as a firm foundation, and no false teaching can corrupt it. Alternate translation: “the gospel of God stands like a firm foundation”

having this seal

Quote: ἔχων τὴν σφραγῖδα ταύτην (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if the foundation had a seal on it. He means that God has made official statements about the foundation. These official statements guarantee that the foundation is valid and belongs to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “having these official statements from God which are like a seal” or “about which God has officially said”

The Lord knew the ones being his” and “Let everyone naming the name of the Lord depart from unrighteousness

Quote: ἔγνω Κύριος τοὺς ὄντας αὐτοῦ, καί, ἀποστήτω ἀπὸ ἀδικίας πᾶς ὁ ὀνομάζων τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations

Here Paul introduces a quotation and a summary that both come from the Old Testament scriptures. The first quotation is from Numbers 16:5. Paul quotes these words from an ancient translation into Timothy’s language. The second quotation is a summary of many verses in the Old Testament. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could format these words as quotations, as the ULT and UST do, and you could include information about the quotations in a footnote.

The Lord … of the Lord

Quote: Κύριος & Κυρίου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the word Lord could refer to: (1) Jesus specifically. Alternate translation: “Jesus the Lord … of Jesus the Lord” (2) God generally. Alternate translation: “The Lord God … of the Lord God”

knew

Quote: ἔγνω (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense

Here the author of the quotation uses the past tense to refer to something that is always true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use whatever tense is natural for stating a general truth. Alternate translation: “has known”

Let everyone naming the name of the Lord depart from

Quote: ἀποστήτω ἀπὸ & πᾶς ὁ ὀνομάζων τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of unrighteousness if it were a location from which people should depart. He means that these people should stop doing what is unrighteous. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let everyone naming the name of the Lord avoid” or “Let everyone naming the name of the Lord reject”

Let everyone naming the name of the Lord depart

Quote: ἀποστήτω & πᾶς ὁ ὀνομάζων τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p

If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Everyone naming the name of the Lord should depart”

naming the name of the Lord

Quote: ὁ ὀνομάζων τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

Here, the phrase naming the name of the Lord refers to claiming that one serves and believes in the Lord. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who claims to follow the Lord” or “who claims to believe in the Lord”

from unrighteousness

Quote: ἀπὸ ἀδικίας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of unrighteousness, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “from acting unrighteously”

2 Timothy 2:20

Now

Quote: δὲ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases

Here, the word Now introduces the next thing that Paul wants to write about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave Now untranslated. Alternate translation: “Further,”

in a great house, there are not only gold and silver containers, but also wood and clay, and some for honor and some for dishonor

Quote: ἐν μεγάλῃ & οἰκίᾳ, οὐκ ἔστιν μόνον σκεύη χρυσᾶ καὶ ἀργυρᾶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ξύλινα καὶ ὀστράκινα; καὶ ἃ μὲν εἰς τιμὴν, ἃ δὲ εἰς ἀτιμίαν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor

To teach Timothy, Paul speaks of the church as if it were a great house that contained containers, which represent people who are part of the church. This is an important figure of speech that Paul continues in the next verse, so you should preserve it. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a form that introduces an illustration or example. Alternate translation: “here is an illustration: in a great house, there are not only gold and silver containers, but also wood and clay, and some for honor and some for dishonor”

containers

Quote: σκεύη (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

The word translated as container is a general term for items that people use when they are performing household duties. These items include bowls and pots but also tools such as knives and shovels. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a general word that refers to this kind of item, or you could list several examples. Alternate translation: “bowls, knives, and similar items”

but also wood and clay

Quote: ἀλλὰ καὶ ξύλινα καὶ ὀστράκινα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis

Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but there are also wood and clay containers”

some for honor and some for dishonor

Quote: ἃ μὲν εἰς τιμὴν, ἃ δὲ εἰς ἀτιμίαν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis

Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “some are made for honor and some are made for dishonor”

some for honor and some for dishonor

Quote: ἃ μὲν εἰς τιμὴν, ἃ δὲ εἰς ἀτιμίαν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of honor and dishonor, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “some for being used in honorable ways and some for being used in dishonorable ways”

2 Timothy 2:21

if someone has cleansed himself from these, he will be a container for honor, having been sanctified, useful to the master, having been prepared for every good work

Quote: ἐὰν & τις ἐκκαθάρῃ ἑαυτὸν ἀπὸ τούτων, ἔσται σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν, ἡγιασμένον εὔχρηστον τῷ Δεσπότῃ, εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἡτοιμασμένον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor

Here Paul continues to speak of believers as if they were each a container. In this verse, Paul gives some explanation of this figure of speech. When people cleanse themselves, they become like clean containers that can be used in honorable ways and that are useful to the master of the house, who represents God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form to explain the figure of speech. Alternate translation: “if someone has cleansed himself from these, he will be like a container for honor. Like such a container, he will be sanctified and useful to God, who is like the master of the house. He will be prepared for every good work”

these

Quote: τούτων (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the word these could refer to: (1) what Paul has said in 2:16–18 about what the false teachers do and say. The particular focus, then, is on ungodliness and false teaching. Alternate translation: “from ungodliness and false teaching” or “these ungodly things” (2) the vessels for dishonor that Paul mentioned in 2:20. In this case, the focus could be on the vessels or the dishonor. Alternate translation: “these vessels for dishonor” or “that dishonor”

himself … he will be

Quote: ἑαυτὸν & ἔσται (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations

Although the terms himself and he are masculine, Paul is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “himself or herself … he or she will be”

for honor

Quote: εἰς τιμήν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of honor, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “that is used in honorable ways”

having been sanctified

Quote: ἡγιασμένον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “having become holy” or “one that God has sanctified”

having been prepared

Quote: ἡτοιμασμένον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “being ready” or “one that God has prepared”

2 Timothy 2:22

But

Quote: δὲ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases

Here, the word But introduces the next thing that Paul wants to write about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next idea, or you could leave But untranslated. Alternate translation: “Now”

flee

Quote: φεῦγε (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Paul speaks of youthful lusts as if they were things a person could physically run away from. He means that Timothy should always avoid these lusts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “make sure that you do not have”

youthful lusts

Quote: τὰς & νεωτερικὰς ἐπιθυμίας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul is referring to lusts that generally characterize youthful people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the lusts that youthful people often have”

pursue righteousness, faith, love, peace with the ones calling on the Lord from a pure heart

Quote: δίωκε & δικαιοσύνην, πίστιν, ἀγάπην, εἰρήνην, μετὰ τῶν ἐπικαλουμένων τὸν Κύριον ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας (1)

Here, the phrase with the ones calling on the Lord from a pure heart could modify: (1) pursue. In this case, Timothy is supposed to pursue these good qualities along with the people who are calling on the Lord from a pure heart. Alternate translation: “pursue, with the ones calling on the Lord from a pure heart, righteousness, faith, love, peace” (2) peace. In this case, the people with whom Timothy should have peace are those calling on the Lord from a pure heart. Alternate translation: “pursue righteousness, faith, and love, and pursue peace with the ones calling on the Lord from a pure heart”

pursue

Quote: δίωκε (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Paul speaks of righteousness and other good qualities as if they were things that a person could run after and catch. He means that Timothy should try very hard to be characterized by these good things. Alternate translation: “seek to acquire” or “work hard to be characterized by”

righteousness, faith, love, peace

Quote: δικαιοσύνην, πίστιν, ἀγάπην, εἰρήνην (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use abstract nouns for some or all of the ideas in this list, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “becoming more righteous, believing, loving, peaceful”

faith

Quote: πίστιν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the word faith could refer to: (1) belief in Jesus. Alternate translation: “faith in Jesus” (2) faithfulness in doing what God requires. Alternate translation: “faithfulness”

the ones calling on the Lord

Quote: τῶν ἐπικαλουμένων τὸν Κύριον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

The phrase calling on the Lord refers to worshiping and praying to the Lord. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the ones praying to the Lord”

the Lord from a pure heart

Quote: τὸν Κύριον ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase from a clean heart could be: (1) another description of these people. Alternate translation: “the Lord who have a pure heart” (2) a description of how they are calling on the Lord. Alternate translation: “the Lord, which they do with a pure heart”

from a pure heart

Quote: ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

In Paul’s culture, the heart is the place where humans think and feel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate heart by referring to the place where humans think and feel in your culture or by expressing the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “from a pure mind” or “from pure thoughts”

2 Timothy 2:23

But

Quote: δὲ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast

Here, the word But introduces how Timothy should treat foolish and uneducated questions in contrast to how he should “pursue” the good qualities that Paul listed in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave But untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,”

foolish and uneducated controversies

Quote: τὰς & μωρὰς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους ζητήσεις (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of controversies, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “debating about foolish and ignorant things”

foolish and uneducated

Quote: μωρὰς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet

The terms foolish and uneducated mean similar things. Paul is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “very foolish” or “completely uneducated”

they give birth to

Quote: γεννῶσι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of the controversies as if they were women giving birth to children, the battles. He means that these controversies cause the battles. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they cause”

battles

Quote: μάχας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of strife and quarrels within a community as if they were battles. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “quarrels that are like battles” or “strife”

2 Timothy 2:24

But

Quote: δὲ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast

Here, the word But introduces how a slave of the Lord acts in contrast to how the “controversies” that Paul mentioned in the previous verse cause people to act. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave But untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,”

for a slave of the Lord

Quote: δοῦλον & Κυρίου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun

The word slave represents any person who is a slave of the Lord, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “each slave of the Lord”

for a slave of the Lord

Quote: δοῦλον & Κυρίου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of people who worship and obey the Lord, and especially leaders in the church, as if they were each a slave of the Lord. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “those who worship and obey the Lord” or “people who do what the Lord commands”

not to battle

Quote: οὐ & μάχεσθαι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of arguing and quarreling in a community as if it were battling. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the similar figure of speech in 2:23. Alternate translation: “not to quarrel, which is like fighting in a battle” or “not to cause strife”

all

Quote: πάντας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj

Paul is using the adjective all as a noun to mean all people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “everyone”

2 Timothy 2:25

in meekness

Quote: ἐν πραΰτητι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of meekness, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “meekly” or “in a meek way”

the ones opposing

Quote: τοὺς ἀντιδιατιθεμένους (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul could be implying that these people are opposing: (1) the “slave of the Lord” (2:24). Alternate translation: “the ones opposing him” (2) the gospel. Alternate translation: “the ones opposing the gospel”

God may perhaps give them repentance

Quote: μήποτε δώῃ αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεὸς μετάνοιαν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of repentance as if it were an object that God could give people. He means that God may enable these people to have repentance. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God may perhaps cause them to have repentance”

may perhaps give them repentance for knowledge of the truth

Quote: μήποτε δώῃ αὐτοῖς & μετάνοιαν εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of repentance, knowledge, and truth, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “may perhaps cause them to repent so that they can know the true teaching”

2 Timothy 2:26

they may become sober again from the trap of the devil, having been captured by him for the will of that one

Quote: ἀνανήψωσιν ἐκ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου παγίδος, ἐζωγρημένοι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰς τὸ ἐκείνου θέλημα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events

These people must have been captured by the devil before they can become sober again from the trap of the devil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses to express the ideas in sequential order. Alternate translation: “having in the past been captured by the devil for the will of that one, they may become sober again from the trap of the devil”

they may become sober again from the trap of the devil

Quote: ἀνανήψωσιν ἐκ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου παγίδος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul implies that being sober again also means escaping from the trap of the devil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they may become sober again and escape from the trap of the devil”

they may become sober again

Quote: ἀνανήψωσιν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of being able to think clearly about what is true as if it were becoming sober again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they may be able to reason properly again”

from the trap of the devil, having been captured by him

Quote: ἐκ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου παγίδος, ἐζωγρημένοι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of how the devil has gained power or control over these people as if he had captured them in a trap. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from what is like a trap of the devil, in which they have been captured like animals by him” or “from the power of the devil, having been dominated by him”

having been captured by him

Quote: ἐζωγρημένοι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he having captured them”

by him for the will of that one

Quote: ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰς τὸ ἐκείνου θέλημα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns

Here Paul uses the pronoun him and the phrase that one. He could be: (1) using both terms to refer to the devil. Alternate translation: “the devil for the devil’s own will” (2) be using the word him to refer to the devil and the phrase that one to refer to God. In this case, the phrase for the will of that one gives the result of these people becoming sober again. Alternate translation: “the devil, but now they can do the will of God”

for the will of that one

Quote: εἰς τὸ ἐκείνου θέλημα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of will, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “for what that one desires”

2 Timothy 3

2 Timothy 3 General Notes

Structure and Formatting

1. Instructions for opposing false teaching (2:14–4:8)
   • False teachers in the last days (3:1–9)
   • Instructions to Timothy to remain faithful (3:10–15)
   • The nature of Scripture (3:16–17)

Special Concepts in this Chapter

The last days

Many Christians understand the phrase “last days” (3:1) to refer to the entire time from when Jesus first came to when he will return, which includes Paul’s time. If so, then what Paul says about false teachers and evil people applies to his time, the present time, and the future. In contrast, some Christians understand the phrase “last days” to refer to a time in the future just before Jesus returns. If that is the meaning, then what Paul says about false teachers and evil people applies primarily to the future. Since Christians disagree about what time period the phrase “last days” refers to, if possible use a phrase that is general enough to allow for several interpretations. See the notes on 3:1 for translation options.

Jannes and Jambres

In 3:8–9, Paul refers to two men named Jannes and Jambres. These were the traditional names in Paul’s culture for two of the sorcerers or magicians who served Pharaoh, the king of Egypt. When God told Moses to tell Pharaoh to release the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, Jannes and Jambres opposed Moses by doing the same kind of miracle that he did (see Exodus 7:8–13). However, later on they were not able to imitate the miracles that Moses did (see Exodus 8:18–19), and they were even affected directly by one of the miracles that Moses did (see Exodus 9:11). Paul compares the false teachers he is speaking about to these two men. Just like Jannes and Jambres, they oppose what is true but will eventually be proven foolish. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include some of this information in a footnote.

Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter

“God-breathed”

In 3:16, Paul states that all Scripture is “God-breathed.” This is an important metaphor that indicates that God is the origin of Scripture as surely as if it were a breath that he had exhaled. This means that Scripture contains God’s words and is as true and reliable as God himself is. Paul does not mean that Scripture was not written by humans. Rather, Paul means that God enabled and guided humans as they wrote Scripture so that it truly is God’s words. If possible, preserve this important metaphor or express the idea in simile form. See the notes on this verse for translation options. (See: Metaphor)

2 Timothy 3:1

But

Quote: δὲ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases

Here, the word But introduces the next thing that Paul wants to write about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next idea, or you could leave But untranslated. Alternate translation: “Now”

know this, that

Quote: τοῦτο & γίνωσκε, ὅτι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo

The expression know this, that contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “know that”

in the last days

Quote: ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

Here, the phrase last days refers to the period of time before Jesus comes back. Christians have different understandings about whether Paul believed that this time period had already begun or would begin sometime in the future. If possible, your translation should refer to this time period without indicating whether it had already begun. Alternate translation: “during the time before Jesus’ second coming” or “in the final time period”

difficult times will be present

Quote: ἐνστήσονται καιροὶ χαλεποί (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul implies that the times will be difficult for believers because of what other people do and say that may harm or injure them (see 3:2–5). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “believers will face difficult situations” or “believers will be in danger”

2 Timothy 3:2

For

Quote: γὰρ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result

Here, the word For introduces a reason why the times will be difficult. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave For untranslated. Alternate translation: “That is because” or “Here is why:”

the men

Quote: οἱ ἄνθρωποι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun

The phrase the men represents people in general, not one particular set of men. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “men”

the men

Quote: οἱ ἄνθρωποι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations

Although the term men is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the men and women”

lovers of self

Quote: φίλαυτοι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase lovers of self refers people who love themselves more than they love other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “lovers of themselves more than others” or “lovers of themselves most of all”

2 Timothy 3:3

not lovers of the good

Quote: ἀφιλάγαθοι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj

Paul is using the adjective good as a noun to mean good things and actions. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “not lovers of good things”

2 Timothy 3:4

puffed up

Quote: τετυφωμένοι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of proud people as if it they were puffed up by air. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “conceited”

puffed up

Quote: τετυφωμένοι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “proud” or “haughty”

2 Timothy 3:5

having a form of godliness, but denying its power

Quote: ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας, τὴν δὲ δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of godliness and power, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “seeming to be godly, but denying how powerful being godly really is”

having a form of godliness

Quote: ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase a form of godliness refers to the appearance of godliness. In other words, these people appear to be acting in godly ways. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “seeming to have godliness” or “looking like people characterized by godliness”

denying its power

Quote: τὴν & δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul implies that these people refuse to experience and act upon the power that comes with real godliness. In other words, they do not actually do what is godly, and they do not allow God to change them so that they become more godly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “refusing to experience its power” or “ignoring the work that it requires”

And

Quote: καὶ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result

Here, the word And introduces an inference based on what Paul has said about these people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an inference, or you could leave And untranslated. Alternate translation: “So”

turn away from these

Quote: τούτους ἀποτρέπου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of avoiding people as if it were turning away from them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “turn your back on these” or “avoid these”

these

Quote: τούτους (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj

Paul is using the adjective these as a noun to mean the people he has been describing. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “these people” or “the kind of people I have described”

2 Timothy 3:6

For

Quote: γάρ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result

Here, the word For introduces a reason why Timothy should “turn away from these” people (see 3:5). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a command, or you could leave For untranslated. Alternate translation: “Turn away from them because” or “I say that because”

from these

Quote: ἐκ τούτων (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj

Paul is using the adjective these as a noun to mean the people he has described in the previous verses. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. See how you translated the word “these” in 3:5. Alternate translation: “from these people” or “from the kind of people I have described”

the ones entering into households

Quote: οἱ ἐνδύνοντες εἰς τὰς οἰκίας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul is referring to how these people visit other people’s homes. The word translated entering implies that these people used false pretenses and deception to visit these homes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the ones using deceit to enter into households” or “the ones sneaking into other people’s households”

taking captive

Quote: αἰχμαλωτίζοντες (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks about how these people influence little women as if they were taking these women captive. He means that they gain control and power over these women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “gaining influence over” or “manipulating”

little women

Quote: γυναικάρια (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here, Paul refers to the women who are deceived by the false teachers as if they were physically little. He could mean that: (1) these women are spiritually weak and immature. Alternate translation: “women who are spiritually weak” (2) gullible or easily deceived. Alternate translation: “gullible women” or “silly women”

having been heaped with sins

Quote: σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Paul speaks of these women’s sins as if they were heaped on their backs. He could mean that: (1) these women sin often or even continually. Alternate translation: “who sin frequently” (2) these women feel terrible guilt because of their sins. Alternate translation: “who feel very guilty for their sins”

having been heaped with sins

Quote: σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could indicate that they themselves did. Alternate translation: “who carry many sins” “having heaped themselves with sins”

being led away by various desires

Quote: ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification

Paul speaks about these various desires as if they could physically lead the women away. He means that these women do whatever they desire without trying to control themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “following various desires” or “always doing the various things that they desire”

being led away by various desires

Quote: ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “various desires leading them away”

2 Timothy 3:7

and

Quote: καὶ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases

Here, the word and introduces something that contrasts with how these women are always learning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a contrast. Alternate translation: “yet”

never being able to come to knowledge of the truth

Quote: μηδέποτε εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας ἐλθεῖν δυνάμενα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of the knowledge of the truth as if it were a destination at which people could arrive. He is indicating that these women cannot gain the knowledge of the truth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “never able to grasp knowledge of the truth” or “never able to gain knowledge of the truth”

to knowledge of the truth

Quote: εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of knowledge and truth, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “to know the true teaching”

2 Timothy 3:8

Jannes and Jambres opposed Moses

Quote: Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς ἀντέστησαν Μωϋσεῖ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul refers to something that happened when God sent Moses to tell Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, to set the Israelites free. When Moses performed a miracle, some of the magicians and sorcerers who served Pharaoh also performed that miracle. In this way, they tried to prevent Moses from doing what God had told him to do. You can read this story in Exodus 7:8–13. While the names of these magicians are not mentioned in the story in Exodus, their traditional names are Jannes and Jambres. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some of this information more explicit, or you could include a footnote that gives this information. Alternate translation: “Jannes and Jambres, who were two of Pharaoh’s sorcerers, opposed Moses when he spoke to Pharaoh”

Jannes and Jambres

Quote: Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

The words Jannes and Jambres are names of men.

these

Quote: οὗτοι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj

Here, as in 3:5, Paul is using the adjective these as a noun to refer to the false teachers that he has described. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “these people” or “the kind of people I have described”

the truth

Quote: τῇ ἀληθείᾳ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of truth, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the true teaching”

men

Quote: ἄνθρωποι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations

Although the term men is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women”

having been corrupted {in} the mind

Quote: κατεφθαρμένοι τὸν νοῦν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was they themselves. Alternate translation: “whose mind is corrupt” or “who have corrupted their mind”

in} the mind

Quote: τὸν νοῦν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns

If it would not be natural in your language to speak as if a group of people had only one mind, you could use the plural form of that word in your translation. Alternate translation: “in their minds”

unapproved concerning the faith

Quote: ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul implies that, when God tests the faith of these people, he will not approve of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “whose faith is not approved by God”

concerning the faith

Quote: περὶ τὴν πίστιν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the word faith could refer to: (1) the act of having faith in Jesus. Alternate translation: “concerning the faith that they claim to have” (2) what people believe about Jesus when they have faith in him. Alternate translation: “concerning what Christians believe”

concerning the faith

Quote: περὶ τὴν πίστιν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of faith, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “in how they claim to believe in Jesus”

2 Timothy 3:9

But

Quote: ἀλλ’ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the word But introduces what will happen to these false teachers in contrast to what they are trying to do, which is to oppose the truth (see 3:8) If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “Despite that,” or “Although they try to oppose the truth”

they will not advance further

Quote: οὐ προκόψουσιν ἐπὶ πλεῖον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of people having success in teaching as if they were advancing further in a direction. He means that these people will cease to have success in teaching. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they will not be able to teach even more people” or “they will not succeed in continuing to teach”

their foolishness

Quote: ἡ & ἄνοια αὐτῶν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of foolishness, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “how foolish they are”

to all

Quote: πᾶσιν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj

Paul is using the adjective all as a noun to mean all people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “to all people”

to all

Quote: πᾶσιν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole

Paul says all here as an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “to most”

that of those

Quote: ἡ ἐκείνων (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj

Paul is using the adjective that as a noun to mean foolishness. He is using the adjective those to refer to Jannes and Jambres, Pharaoh’s magicians. Your language may use adjectives in these same ways. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “the foolishness of Jannes and Jambres”

became

Quote: ἐγένετο (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis

Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “became obvious”

became

Quote: ἐγένετο (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul is referring to how Pharaoh’s magicians failed to oppose Moses. They could not copy some of the miracles that Moses did (see Exodus 8:18–19), and they were affected by other miracles that Moses did (see Exodus 9:11). In that way, everyone realized that they were foolish. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some of that information more explicit or include the information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “became when they failed to stop Moses”

2 Timothy 3:10

But you

Quote: σὺ δὲ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast

Here, the word But introduces how Timothy behaves in contrast to how the false teachers behave. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave But untranslated. Alternate translation: “You, however,” or “As for you, though, you”

you have followed

Quote: σὺ & παρηκολούθησάς (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if Timothy followed the things that Paul has done and experienced. He means that Timothy has paid attention to these things and imitates how Paul does and experiences them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you have observed and emulated” or “you have modeled your behavior on”

2 Timothy 3:10-11

my teaching, conduct, purpose, faith, patience, love, endurance … persecutions, sufferings, such as

Quote: μου τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ, τῇ ἀγωγῇ, τῇ προθέσει, τῇ πίστει, τῇ μακροθυμίᾳ, τῇ ἀγάπῃ, τῇ ὑπομονῇ & τοῖς διωγμοῖς, τοῖς παθήμασιν, οἷά (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use abstract nouns for some or all of the ideas in this list, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what I teach, how I conduct myself, what I have chosen to do, how I have believed, how patient I am, how I love others, how I endure everything, how I am persecuted, and how I suffer. Things such as those”

2 Timothy 3:11

such as

Quote: οἷά (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase such as could refer back to: (1) just the sufferings. Alternate translation: “sufferings such as those that” (2) both the sufferings and the persecutions. Alternate translation: “sufferings and persecutions such as those that”

what kind of persecutions I endured

Quote: οἵους διωγμοὺς ὑπήνεγκα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase what kind of persecutions I endured could be: (1) a further definition of what Paul experienced in the three cities to which he has referred. Alternate translation: “how I endured various persecutions” (2) an explanation that indicates how much Paul experienced. Alternate translation: “what persecutions I endured!” or “I endured so many persecutions!”

what kind of persecutions I endured

Quote: οἵους διωγμοὺς ὑπήνεγκα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of persecutions, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “how I was persecuted and had to endure it”

And

Quote: καὶ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases

Here, the word And introduces what the Lord did in contrast to what Paul was experiencing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “And yet” or “But”

2 Timothy 3:12

But also

Quote: καὶ & δὲ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases

Here, the phrase But also introduces the idea that what has been true for Paul will be true for all true believers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an expansion or further application of an idea. Alternate translation: “In fact,” or “Beyond that,”

all the ones wanting to live … in Christ Jesus will be persecuted

Quote: πάντες & οἱ θέλοντες ζῆν εὐσεβῶς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ διωχθήσονται (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “people will persecute all the ones wanting to live godly in Christ Jesus”

in Christ Jesus

Quote: ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul uses the spatial metaphor in Christ Jesus to describe the union of believers with Christ Jesus. In this case, being in Christ Jesus, or united to Christ Jesus, is how believers live piously. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that believers can live in this way because of their union with Christ Jesus. Alternate translation: “in union with Christ Jesus” or “as those who are united to Christ Jesus”

2 Timothy 3:13

But

Quote: δὲ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast

Here, the word But introduces what happens to evil men and impostors in contrast with what happens to people who want to live in godly ways. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave But untranslated. Alternate translation: “However,” or “In contrast,”

men

Quote: ἄνθρωποι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations

Although the term men is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women”

evil men and impostors

Quote: πονηροὶ & ἄνθρωποι καὶ γόητες (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys

Here, the phrase evil men and impostors could: (1) refer to two different groups of people. Alternate translation: “men who are evil and men who are impostors” (2) describe one group of people using two terms connected with and. Alternate translation: “evil people who are impostors” or “evil impostors”

will advance to the worse

Quote: προκόψουσιν ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of these people as if they could physically advance or progress in a certain direction, and he speaks of the worse as that direction. He means that these people become worse and worse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will grow worse and worse” or “will be characterized by being increasingly worse”

to the worse

Quote: ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj

Paul is using the adjective worse as a noun to mean behavior and character that is worse. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “to worse behavior” or “to worse character”

leading astray and being led astray

Quote: πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if the evil men and impostors could literally lead people astray and be led astray. He means that they will deceive others and be deceived themselves. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causing people to believe what is wrong and themselves believing what is wrong”

being led astray

Quote: πλανώμενοι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “others leading them astray”

2 Timothy 3:14

But you

Quote: σὺ δὲ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast

Here, the word But introduces how Timothy should behave in contrast to how the false teachers behave. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces that kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “You, however” or “As for you, though”

remain in what you learned and were convinced of, knowing from whom you learned

Quote: μένε ἐν οἷς ἔμαθες καὶ ἐπιστώθης, εἰδὼς παρὰ τίνων ἔμαθες (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result

If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “you know from whom you learned what you learned and were convinced of. So, remain in those things, knowing that truth”

remain in

Quote: μένε ἐν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if what Timothy learned and was convinced of were place in which Timothy could remain. He means that Timothy should continue to believe and trust those things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “continue to trust” or “maintain”

were convinced of

Quote: ἐπιστώθης (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “were confident about”

knowing from whom you learned

Quote: εἰδὼς παρὰ τίνων ἔμαθες (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul implies that Timothy knows that these people are trustworthy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “knowing that the people from whom you learned are trustworthy”

2 Timothy 3:15

from infancy

Quote: ἀπὸ βρέφους (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of childhood, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “since you were an infant”

for salvation through faith {that is} in Christ Jesus

Quote: εἰς σωτηρίαν διὰ πίστεως τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of salvation and faith, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “so that you are saved through believing in Christ Jesus”

that is} in Christ Jesus

Quote: τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul uses the spatial metaphor in Christ Jesus to describe the union of believers with Christ. In this case, being in Christ Jesus, or united to Christ Jesus, explains how Timothy can have faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that Timothy can have faith as one who has been united to Christ Jesus. Alternate translation: “that you have in your union with Christ Jesus” or “that comes from being united to Christ Jesus”

2 Timothy 3:16

All Scripture {is} God-breathed and {is} profitable

Quote: πᾶσα Γραφὴ θεόπνευστος καὶ ὠφέλιμος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has breathed out all Scripture, and it is profitable”

All Scripture {is} God-breathed and

Quote: πᾶσα Γραφὴ θεόπνευστος καὶ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if God had breathed all Scripture. He means that God is the one who spoke or gave Scripture through his Spirit. In other words, All Scripture has its origin in God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “All Scripture comes from God, as if he had breathed it out, and it” or “All Scripture is produced by God and” or “All Scripture originates in God and”

All Scripture

Quote: πᾶσα Γραφὴ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase translated as All Scripture refers to what we call the Old Testament. Paul could be referring to: (1) the entirety of Scripture. Alternate translation: “The whole of Scripture” (2) each of the individual scriptures. Alternate translation: “Every scripture”

is} profitable

Quote: ὠφέλιμος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul could be implying that Scripture is profitable: (1) for someone to use in the following ways. Alternate translation: “is profitable for people to use for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness” (2) as it functions in the following ways for those who read or hear it. Alternate translation: “is profitable for our teaching, for our reproof, for our correction, for our training in righteousness”

for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness

Quote: πρὸς διδασκαλίαν, πρὸς ἐλεγμόν, πρὸς ἐπανόρθωσιν, πρὸς παιδείαν τὴν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use abstract nouns for some or all of the ideas in this list, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “for instructing, for reproving, for correcting, for training to be righteous”

2 Timothy 3:17

so that

Quote: ἵνα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result

Here, the phrase so that could introduce: (1) a result that comes from how Scripture is God-breathed and profitable in the ways that Paul has described. Alternate translation: “and so” (2) a purpose for which Scripture is God-breathed and profitable in the ways that Paul has described. Alternate translation: “in order that”

the man of God

Quote: ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession

Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a man who serves and obeys God. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translations: “the man who obeys God” or “the man who worships God”

the man of God

Quote: ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun

The word man represents men in general, not one particular man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “men of God”

the man of God

Quote: ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations

Although the term man is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the person of God”

complete, having been equipped for every good work

Quote: ἄρτιος & πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἐξηρτισμένος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet

The terms complete and equipped for every good work mean similar things. Paul is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “fully equipped for every good work” or “fully capable for every good work”

having been equipped

Quote: ἐξηρτισμένος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “having everything he needs” or “one whom God has equipped”

2 Timothy 4

2 Timothy 4 General Notes

Structure and Formatting

1. Instructions for opposing false teaching (2:14–4:8)
   • Paul gives a solemn charge to Timothy (4:1–8)
2. Travel plans and news (4:9–18)
3. Greetings (4:19–21)
4. Letter closing (4:22)

Special Concepts in this Chapter

Paul’s situation and his defense

In this chapter, Paul writes about how many people abandoned him and failed to support at his “first defense.” These people behaved in that way because Paul had been accused of acting against the Roman Empire. While he was waiting to defend himself at his trial, he was held as a prisoner, almost certainly in the capital of the empire, Rome. By the time he wrote this letter, he had already had his “first defense,” which was the first time he appeared in court to defend himself against the accusations. Paul implies that the judge did not decide what to do with him, so Paul would have to appear in court at least one more time. So, people abandoned Paul because they might also be arrested and accused if they stayed with him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include some of this information in a footnote.

Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter

Sports and military metaphors

In 4:7–8, Paul speaks as if he were a soldier who has fought well and an athlete who has competed well. Just as athletes in his culture received crowns when they won, so Paul is sure that he will receive a “crown” from Jesus. Paul means that he has persisted in believing in and serving Jesus, even when it was difficult, and he is sure that Jesus will reward him for that. If possible, preserve these metaphors or express the ideas in simile form. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: Metaphor)

2 Timothy 4:1

I adjure you before God and Christ Jesus, the one being about to judge living and dead, and by his appearing and his kingdom

Quote: διαμαρτύρομαι ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, τοῦ μέλλοντος κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς, καὶ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula

Here Paul puts Timothy under oath, making him swear by God and Christ Jesus, that he will do what Paul is about to write. Also, he wants Timothy to be as sure about doing what Paul is about to write as Timothy is sure about Jesus’ appearing and kingdom. Use a natural way in your language to express this kind of oath. Alternate translation: “I make you swear before God and Christ Jesus, the one being about to judge living and dead, and as you think about his appearing and his kingdom” or “I require that you solemnly promise God and Christ Jesus, the one being about to judge living and dead, that you will do what I am about to write, and I want you to guarantee it as much as Jesus’ appearing and kingdom are guaranteed”

living and dead

Quote: ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj

Paul is using the adjectives living and dead as nouns to mean people who are living and people who are dead. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “those who are still alive and those who are dead”

and by his appearing

Quote: καὶ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants

Many ancient manuscripts read and by his appearing. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “according to his appearing.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.

by his appearing

Quote: τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase his appearing refers to when Jesus will come back to this world, which is when he will judge everyone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “by his second coming”

2 Timothy 4:2

the word

Quote: τὸν λόγον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, word represents the gospel, which people speak using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the gospel” or “God’s message”

stand by

Quote: ἐπίστηθι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if Timothy should stand by something. He could mean that Timothy: (1) should be ready or prepared to preach the gospel. Alternate translation: “be prepared” (2) should be persistent in preaching the gospel. Alternate translation: “be persistent”

opportunely, inopportunely

Quote: εὐκαίρως, ἀκαίρως (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul could be implying that it will be opportune sometimes and inopportune sometimes for: (1) Timothy’s audience. Alternate translation: “when people are ready to hear and when people are not ready to hear” or “when people are receptive and when they are not” (2) Timothy. Alternate translation: “when it is convenient for you and when it is not”

with all patience and teaching

Quote: ἐν πάσῃ μακροθυμίᾳ καὶ διδαχῇ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys

Here, the words patience and teaching could: (1) describe two separate things. Alternate translation: “with all patience and with all teaching” (2) refer to one thing described with two words connected by and. Alternate translation: “with all patient teaching” or “with teaching that is very patient”

with all patience and teaching

Quote: ἐν πάσῃ μακροθυμίᾳ καὶ διδαχῇ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of patience and teaching, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “and act very patiently and teach as you do so”

2 Timothy 4:3

For

Quote: γὰρ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result

Here, the word For introduces a basis for the commands that Paul gave in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a basis for a command, or you could leave For untranslated. Alternate translation: “Here is why I command those things:” or “I urge you to do those things because”

there will be a time when

Quote: ἔσται & καιρὸς ὅτε (1)

Alternate translation: “the time will come when” or “here is what will eventually happen:”

they will not bear with

Quote: οὐκ ἀνέξονται (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns

The pronoun they refers to people in general with a special focus on people who claim to be believers. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to those people more directly. Alternate translation: “those who claim to be believers will not endure” or “some people will not endure”

they will not bear with

Quote: οὐκ ἀνέξονται (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

Here, the phrase bear with refers to listening to something charitably. Paul means that these people no longer be willing to listen to the healthy teaching. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they will not listen patiently to” or “they will not accept”

the healthy teaching

Quote: τῆς ὑγιαινούσης διδασκαλίας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if teaching could be healthy. He means that this teaching is good and reliable in every way and has no defect or corruption. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the teaching that is like healthy food” or “the correct teaching”

they will heap up for themselves teachers according to their own desires

Quote: κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας, ἑαυτοῖς ἐπισωρεύσουσιν διδασκάλους (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure

Here, the phrase according to their own desires could modify: (1) the phrase heap up for themselves. Alternate translation: “according to their own desires they will heap up for themselves teachers” (2) the word teachers. Alternate translation: “they will heap up for themselves teachers who teach according to these people’s own desires”

they will heap up for themselves teachers

Quote: ἑαυτοῖς ἐπισωρεύσουσιν διδασκάλους (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Paul speaks of how these people gather many teachers as if they were heaping these teachers up in a pile. Paul implies that these teachers teach many different things that are wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they will gather many different teachers” or “they will listen to many different false teachers”

itching {in} the ear

Quote: κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if these people had an ear that was itching, and the only way to scratch the itch was to hear what they wanted to hear. He means that these people want to hear things that make them feel good about themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “wanting to hear what they like” or “desiring to be told things that make them feel good about themselves”

in} the ear

Quote: τὴν ἀκοήν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns

If it would not be natural in your language to speak as if a group of people had only one ear, you could use the plural form of that word in your translation. Alternate translation: “in their ears”

2 Timothy 4:4

they will turn the ear away from the truth

Quote: ἀπὸ μὲν τῆς ἀληθείας τὴν ἀκοὴν ἀποστρέψουσιν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Paul speaks about people no longer paying attention as if they were physically turning their ears away so that they could not hear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable metaphor or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they will no longer pay attention to the truth”

the ear

Quote: τὴν ἀκοὴν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns

If it would not be natural in your language to speak as if a group of people had only one ear, you could use the plural form of that word in your translation. Alternate translation: “their ears”

the truth

Quote: τῆς ἀληθείας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of truth, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the true teaching”

be turned away to

Quote: ἐπὶ & ἐκτραπήσονται (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the teachers they gathered. Alternate translation: “their teachers will turn them away to”

be turned away to

Quote: ἐπὶ & ἐκτραπήσονται (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks about people paying attention to myths as if someone were getting them to turn away in the wrong direction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “be distracted by” or “start paying attention to”

the myths

Quote: τοὺς μύθους (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

The word myths refers to a certain kind of story that is generally considered to be untrustworthy. This kind of story is often about what important people did a long time ago. Often, many people in a culture know these stories but do not consider them to be reliable historical narratives. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of story, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “fictional narratives” or “traditional tales”

2 Timothy 4:5

But you

Quote: σὺ δὲ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast

Here, the word But introduces how Timothy should behave in contrast to how the people he has been describing behave. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces that kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “You, however” or “As for you, though”

be sober

Quote: νῆφε (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if he wants Timothy to avoid getting drunk so that he is sober. While Paul did write that Christians should not get drunk (see Ephesians 5:18), here he primarily means that Timothy should control himself and be alert. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “stay alert” or “be self-controlled”

in all things

Quote: ἐν πᾶσιν (1)

Alternate translation: “in every situation” or “in everything”

Suffer hardship

Quote: κακοπάθησον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of hardship, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “When bad things are going to happen to you, be willing to experience them” or “Be willing to be hurt”

the work of an evangelist

Quote: ἔργον & εὐαγγελιστοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession

Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe work that an evangelist does. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the work that an evangelist does”

Fulfill your service

Quote: τὴν διακονίαν σου πληροφόρησον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of service, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Serve in all the ways that you should” or “Serve in every way that is required of you”

2 Timothy 4:6

For

Quote: γὰρ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result

Here, the word For introduces a reason why Timothy should do the things that Paul has commanded him to do in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a command, or you could leave For untranslated. Alternate translation: “I command those things because” or “Here is why I say those things:”

I am already being poured out as an offering

Quote: ἐγὼ & ἤδη σπένδομαι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul describes himself as if he were the wine that people in his culture would pour on a sacrifice before they offered it to God. He means that he is experiencing the final days of his life, and both these days and his death will honor God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am nearing the end of my life, which is like being poured out as an offering” or “I honor God as I experience the last days of my life”

I am already being poured out as an offering

Quote: ἐγὼ & ἤδη σπένδομαι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God is already pouring me out as an offering”

of my departure

Quote: τῆς ἀναλύσεώς μου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism

Paul is referring to his death in a polite way by using the phrase my departure. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “when I will pass away” or “of my death”

2 Timothy 4:7

I have fought the good fight

Quote: τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here, Paul speaks about how he has persevered in believing in and obeying Jesus as if he had been a warrior fighting in a good fight or an athlete doing his best to win an event. He means that he has encountered opposition, pain, and problems, but he has persisted and persevered in believing in and obeying Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have lived as if I were fighting a good fight” or “I have persevered, no matter how hard it was”

the good fight

Quote: τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase the good fight could indicate: (1) that the fight is right or just. Alternate translation: “the just fight” or “the correct fight” (2) that someone is fighting well. Alternate translation: “the fight well”

I have finished the race

Quote: τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of how he has served God as if it were a race that he has now finished. He means that he has served God well, and now his time of service is about to end, since he will soon die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have completed what God wanted me to do, just as a runner has finished the race” or “I have completed what I needed to do”

I have kept the faith

Quote: τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of the faith as if it were a valuable object that he has kept safe. He means that he has preserved and protected the faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have guarded the faith” or “I have preserved the faith”

I have kept the faith

Quote: τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the word faith could refer to: (1) the act of having faith in Jesus. Alternate translation: “I have kept the faith that I have” (2) what Christians believe about Jesus when they have faith in him. Alternate translation: “I have kept what Christians believe” (3) the act of being faithful. Alternate translation: “I have remained faithful”

the faith

Quote: τὴν πίστιν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of faith, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “the way that I believe in Jesus”

2 Timothy 4:8

From now on

Quote: λοιπὸν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the word translated as From now on could introduce: (1) something that is true from that moment and into the future. Alternate translation: “Now and in the future” or “Henceforth” (2) the last thing that Paul wants to say about how he has lived his life. Alternate translation: “Finally”

the crown of righteousness is reserved

Quote: ἀπόκειταί & ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God is reserving the crown of righteousness”

the crown of righteousness

Quote: ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession

Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a crown that could be: (1) the reward for his righteousness. Alternate translation: “the crown given to the righteous” or “the crown that is received because of righteousness” (2) righteousness itself. In this case, God rewards people by declaring them righteous. Alternate translation: “the crown that is righteousness”

the crown of righteousness

Quote: ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul describes the reward that he expects to receive as if it were the crown that athletes in his culture received when they won an event. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what God will give me to honor me, which is like a crown of righteousness,” or “what God will give me to honor me”

on that day

Quote: ἐν, ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul is referring to the exact moment when Jesus will return to this world, which will also be the end of the current time period and the time when Jesus judges everyone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you expressed the similar phrase in 1:12. Alternate translation: “on that day when Jesus will return” or “at his second coming”

and not only to me, but also to all the ones

Quote: οὐ μόνον δὲ ἐμοὶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis

Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he will not give it to me only, but he will also give it to all the ones”

to all the ones having loved his appearing

Quote: πᾶσιν τοῖς ἠγαπηκόσι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase having loved his appearing indicates that these people care about, long for, and rejoice at his appearing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to all the ones looking forward to his appearing” or “to all the ones who care about his appearing”

his appearing

Quote: τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, the phrase his appearing refers to when Jesus will come back to this world, which is when he will act as a judge. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you expressed this phrase in 4:1. Alternate translation: “his second coming” or “his return”

2 Timothy 4:9

Strive to come … quickly

Quote: σπούδασον ἐλθεῖν & ταχέως (1)

Alternate translation: “Come to me as soon as you can”

to come

Quote: ἐλθεῖν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go

In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of come. Alternate translation: “to go”

2 Timothy 4:10

for

Quote: γάρ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result

Here, the word for introduces a reason why Paul wants Timothy to come to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a command, or you could leave for untranslated. Alternate translation: “which I request because” or “since”

Demas … Crescens

Quote: Δημᾶς & Κρήσκης (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

The words Demas and Crescens are names of men.

the present age

Quote: τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase the present age refers to the time period in which Paul and Timothy lived, the time period before Jesus comes back and God transforms everything. Here Paul implies that Demas loves what he can have and experience during this time period. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what he has in the current time period” or “things that exist during this time before Jesus returns”

has gone

Quote: ἐπορεύθη (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go

In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of gone. Alternate translation: “has come”

Crescens to Galatia, Titus to Dalmatia

Quote: Κρήσκης εἰς Γαλατίαν, Τίτος εἰς Δαλματίαν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis

Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and Crescens has gone to Galatia, and Titus has gone to Dalmatia”

Dalmatia

Quote: Δαλματίαν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

The word Dalmatia is the name of a Roman province on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. This area is now part of the countries Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

2 Timothy 4:11

useful to me for service

Quote: μοι εὔχρηστος εἰς διακονίαν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul could be implying that Mark is useful: (1) in helping Paul minister to others, especially by preaching and teaching. Alternate translation: “useful to me in my ministry” (2) in helping Paul to take care of his personal needs. Alternate translation: “he is useful in taking care of my needs”

for service

Quote: εἰς διακονίαν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of service, you could express the same idea in another way. Be sure that your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “for ministering to others” or “in serving people”

2 Timothy 4:12

But

Quote: δὲ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases

Here, the word But introduces the next thing that Paul wants to write about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next idea, or you could leave But untranslated. Alternate translation: “Now”

I sent

Quote: ἀπέστειλα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense

Here Paul could be using the past tense to indicate: (1) that he sent Tychicus when he sent this letter to Timothy in Ephesus. It may be that Tychicus is the one who carried this letter to Timothy at Ephesus. In this case, Paul had not yet sent Tychicus when he wrote this sentence. Consider what tense would be natural in your language for this situation. Alternate translation: “I am about to send” or “I am sending” (2) that he sent Tychicus to Ephesus before he wrote this letter. Alternate translation: “I have sent”

2 Timothy 4:13

cloak

Quote: φελόνην (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

The term cloak refers to a heavy garment that was worn over other clothes. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of garment, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “coat”

Carpus

Quote: Κάρπῳ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

The word Carpus is the name of a man.

coming

Quote: ἐρχόμενος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go

In a context such as this, your language might say “going” instead of coming. Alternate translation: “going”

especially the parchments

Quote: μάλιστα τὰς μεμβράνας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, the phrase especially the parchments could indicate: (1) that some of the scrolls are especially important to Paul. Alternate translation: “of which I especially want the parchments” (2) that the scrolls that Paul wants are the parchments. Alternate translation: “that is, the parchments”

the parchments

Quote: τὰς μεμβράνας (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

The word parchments refers to documents written on specially treated animal skins. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of writing material, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “those made from animal skins” or “the ones written on leather”

2 Timothy 4:14

Alexander the coppersmith

Quote: Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ χαλκεὺς (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

A coppersmith is a person who makes things out of copper and other metals. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of worker, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “Alexander the metalworker” or “Alexander, who works with metals,”

Alexander

Quote: Ἀλέξανδρος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

The word Alexander is the name of a man.

showed many evils to me

Quote: πολλά μοι κακὰ ἐνεδείξατο (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

Here Paul means that Alexander did many evil things to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “acted in many evil ways toward me” or “did many evil things to me”

The Lord will repay him

Quote: ἀποδώσει αὐτῷ ὁ Κύριος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks of how the Lord will punish Alexander as if the Lord were repaying Alexander for his works. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The Lord will judge him” or “The Lord will treat him”

2 Timothy 4:15

whom you also, guard yourself against, for he opposed our words very much

Quote: ὃν καὶ σὺ φυλάσσου, λίαν γὰρ ἀντέστη τοῖς ἡμετέροις λόγοις (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result

If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “whom, because he opposed our words very much, you also must guard yourself against”

our words

Quote: τοῖς ἡμετέροις λόγοις (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy

Here, words represents the message that Paul and the people with him proclaimed using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “our message” or ‘what we teach’

2 Timothy 4:16

At my first defense

Quote: ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ μου ἀπολογίᾳ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

Here, the phrase first defense refers to the first time that Paul was in court and had to defend himself against accusations. Paul implies that he already had appeared in court again or that he would have to do so again in the future. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of legal proceeding, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “At the opening session of my trial” or “When I first appeared in court to answer the accusations against me”

no one appeared with me

Quote: οὐδείς μοι παρεγένετο (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul means that no one went with Paul to the court to help him defend himself. They might have been able to help Paul by testifying that he had not done anything wrong, or they might have just sat in the court to show that they approved of Paul. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “no one went with me to testify on my behalf” or “no one was there to help me”

all

Quote: πάντες (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj

Paul is using the adjective all as a noun to mean all the believers who were there with Paul. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “all the believers here”

May it not be reckoned against them

Quote: μὴ αὐτοῖς λογισθείη (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul means that he does not want his fellow believers to be punished for not appearing with him in court. He uses this form as a way to ask God to forgive them for forsaking him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “May they not be punished for that” or “May they not be held responsible for that”

May it not be reckoned against them

Quote: μὴ αὐτοῖς λογισθείη (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that it would be God. Alternate translation: “May God not count it against them”

2 Timothy 4:17

But

Quote: δὲ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast

Here, the word But introduces what the Lord did in contrast to what the rest of the believers did (see 4:16). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave But untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,”

the Lord stood with me

Quote: ὁ & Κύριός μοι παρέστη (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if the Lord had physically stood with him. He means that the Lord supported and helped him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the Lord was with me” or “the Lord helped me”

through me the proclamation might be fulfilled

Quote: δι’ ἐμοῦ τὸ κήρυγμα πληροφορηθῇ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I might fulfill the proclamation”

through me the proclamation might be fulfilled

Quote: δι’ ἐμοῦ τὸ κήρυγμα πληροφορηθῇ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here, Paul may mean that the proclamation was fulfilled: (1) because he was able to proclaim the good news in every place and way that God required of him. Alternate translation: “I might accomplish my task of proclamation” or “I might complete the proclamation that I was called to perform” (2) because he proclaimed the entire gospel message. Alternate translation: “I could proclaim the full message” or “through me the complete proclamation might be made”

the proclamation might be fulfilled

Quote: τὸ κήρυγμα πληροφορηθῇ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of proclamation, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the gospel might be fully proclaimed”

all the Gentiles

Quote: πάντα τὰ ἔθνη (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole

Paul says all here as an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “very many Gentiles”

I was rescued out of the mouth of the lion

Quote: ἐρύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Here Paul speaks as if he was about to be eaten by a lion when he was rescued out of the mouth of that lion. He means that he was protected from terrible danger, which was most likely the danger of being executed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I was rescued from danger, as if I had been in the mouth of a lion” or “I was rescued from being executed”

I was rescued

Quote: ἐρύσθην (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God rescued me”

2 Timothy 4:18

To him {be} the glory

Quote: ᾧ ἡ δόξα (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of glory, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “May people glorify him”

forever {and} ever

Quote: εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom

Here, the phrase forever {and} ever identifies an action that will never end, and it strongly emphasizes that it will never end. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that emphasizes that an action will never end. Alternate translation: “without ever ceasing” or “from now on and always”

2 Timothy 4:19

Greet

Quote: ἄσπασαι (1)

As was customary in his culture, near the end of his letter, Paul asks Timothy to extend greetings for him to other people that both he and the Timothy know. Your language may have a particular way of sharing greetings in a letter. If so, you could use that form here. Alternate translation: “Remember me to” or “Give my regards to”

of Onesiphorus

Quote: Ὀνησιφόρου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

Onesiphorus is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in 1:16.

2 Timothy 4:20

Erastus … Trophimus

Quote: Ἔραστος & Τρόφιμον (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

The words Erastus and Trophimus are the names of men.

Miletus

Quote: Μιλήτῳ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

The name Miletus is the name of a city on the western coast of what is now Turkey, south of Ephesus.

2 Timothy 4:21

Strive to come

Quote: σπούδασον & ἐλθεῖν (1)

Alternate translation: “Do your best to come”

before winter

Quote: πρὸ χειμῶνος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown

Where Paul and Timothy lived, winter is the time of year when it is cold and travel is difficult. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a term for a season in which it would be difficult to travel, or you could translate winter with a general expression. Alternate translation: “before the rainy season” or “before the cold season”

Eubulus greets you, and Pudens and Linus and Claudia and the brothers

Quote: ἀσπάζεταί σε Εὔβουλος, καὶ Πούδης, καὶ Λίνος, καὶ Κλαυδία, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ (1)

As was customary in his culture, near the end of his letter, Paul extends greetings from people who are with him and who know the person to whom he is writing, Timothy. Your language may have a particular way of sharing greetings in a letter. If so, you could use that form here. Alternate translation: “Eubulus asks to be remembered to you, and Pudens and Linus and Claudia and the brothers” or “Eubulus and Pudens and Linus and Claudia and the brothers send their regards”

Eubulus greets you, and Pudens and Linus and Claudia and the brothers

Quote: ἀσπάζεταί σε Εὔβουλος, καὶ Πούδης, καὶ Λίνος, καὶ Κλαυδία, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis

Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Eubulus greets you, and so do Pudens and Linus and Claudia and the brothers”

Eubulus … Pudens … Linus

Quote: Εὔβουλος & Πούδης & Λίνος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

The words Eubulus, Pudens, and Linus are the names of three men.

Claudia

Quote: Κλαυδία (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names

The word Claudia is the name of a woman.

the brothers

Quote: οἱ ἀδελφοὶ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit

Here Paul refers to the brothers to include all the other believers who wanted to greet Timothy. Paul does not mean that Eubulus, Pudens, Linus, and Claudia are not brothers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the other brothers”

the brothers

Quote: οἱ ἀδελφοὶ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor

Paul is using the term brothers to mean people who share the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the believers”

the brothers

Quote: οἱ ἀδελφοὶ (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations

Although the term brothers is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “brothers and sisters” to indicate this.

2 Timothy 4:22

The Lord be} with your spirit

Quote: ὁ Κύριος μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματός σου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing

As was customary in his culture, Paul closes his letter with a blessing for Timothy. Use a form that people would recognize as a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: “May the Lord be with your spirit” or “I pray that the Lord will be with your spirit”

The Lord

Quote: ὁ Κύριος (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants

Many ancient manuscripts read The Lord. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “The Lord Jesus Christ.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.

be} with your spirit

Quote: μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματός σου (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche

Paul is using spirit to represent Timothy as a whole person. He may use this figure of speech to indicate that the Lord will be with Timothy in a spiritual way, not a physical way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “be with you spiritually”

Grace {be} with you

Quote: ἡ χάρις μεθ’ ὑμῶν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing

As was customary in his culture, Paul closes his letter with a blessing for Timothy and the believers with him. He implies that the Grace is from God. Use a form that people would recognize as a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: “May you experience kindness from God within you” or “I pray that you will have grace from God”

Grace {be} with you

Quote: ἡ χάρις μεθ’ ὑμῶν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of grace, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “May God act graciously toward you”

you

Quote: ὑμῶν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you

Because Paul gives this blessing to Timothy and all the believers who are with him, this is the only place in the letter where you is plural.

you

Quote: ὑμῶν (1)
Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants

Many ancient manuscripts read you. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “you. Amen.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.