Titus
Titus front
Introduction to Titus
Part 1: General Introduction
Outline of the book of Titus
- Paul instructs Titus to appoint godly leaders. (1:1–16)
- Paul instructs Titus to train people to live godly lives. (2:1–3:11)
- Paul ends by sharing some of his plans and sending greetings to various believers. (3:12–15)
Who wrote the book of Titus?
Paul wrote the book of Titus. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a believer, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted believers. After he became a believer, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire, telling people about Jesus.
What is the book of Titus about?
Paul wrote this letter to Titus, his fellow worker, who was leading the churches on the island of Crete. Paul instructed him about selecting church leaders. Paul also described how believers should behave toward each other. He also encouraged them all to live in a way that pleases God.
How should the title of this book be translated?
Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “Titus.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “Paul’s Letter to Titus” or “A Letter to Titus.” (See: How to Translate Names)
Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
In what roles can people serve within the church?
There are some teachings in the book of Titus about whether a woman or divorced man can serve in positions of leadership within the church. Scholars disagree about the meaning of these teachings. Further study on these issues may be necessary before translating this book.
Part 3: Important Translation Issues
Singular and plural you
In this book, the word I refers to Paul. Also, the word you is almost always singular and refers to Titus. The exception to this is 3:15. (See Forms of ‘You’ — Singular)
What is the meaning of God our Savior?
This is a common phrase in this letter. Paul meant to make the readers think about how God forgave them in Christ for sinning against him, and by forgiving them he saved them from being punished when he judges all people. A similar phrase in this letter is our great God and Savior Jesus Christ.
Titus 1
Titus 1 General Notes
Structure and Formatting
Paul formally introduces this letter in verses 1–4. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.
In verses 6–9, Paul lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an elder in the church. (See: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/src/branch/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md) Paul gives a similar list in 1 Timothy 3.
Special Concepts in this Chapter
Elders
The church has used different titles for church leaders. Some titles include overseer, elder, pastor, and bishop.
Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter
Should, may, must
The ULT uses different words that indicate requirements or obligations. These verbs have different levels of force associated with them. The subtle differences may be difficult to translate. The UST translates these verbs in a more general way.
Titus 1:1
for the faith of the chosen people of God and knowledge of the truth
Quote: κατὰ πίστιν ἐκλεκτῶν Θεοῦ καὶ ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
The words faith, knowledge, and truth are abstract nouns. If it would be more clear in your language, you could express those ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “to help God’s chosen people to continue to trust him and to know every true thing”
of the chosen people of God
Quote: ἐκλεκτῶν Θεοῦ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “of the people whom God has chosen”
and knowledge of the truth
Quote: καὶ ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis
Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and for their knowledge of the truth” or “and so that the chosen people of God might know the truth”
that agrees with godliness
Quote: τῆς κατ’ εὐσέβειαν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
Here, godliness is an abstract noun that refers to living in a way that pleases God. Alternate translation: “that is suitable for honoring God”
Titus 1:2
with the certain hope of eternal life
Quote: ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ζωῆς αἰωνίου (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases
Here hope could be connected to: (1) godliness, meaning that if we live to please God, we will have hope of eternal life. Alternate translation: “which gives us the certain hope of everlasting life” or (2) knowledge of the truth, meaning that this hope of eternal life is part of the truth, and that knowing the truth gives hope of eternal life. Alternate translation: “and that teaches us to expect eternal life”
with the certain hope of eternal life
Quote: ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ζωῆς αἰωνίου (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of hope, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “which leads us to confidently expect eternal life”
the non-lying God
Quote: ὁ ἀψευδὴς Θεὸς (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives
If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression here instead of this double negative. Alternate translation: “the God who is completely trustworthy”
before all the ages of time
Quote: πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων (1)Alternate translation: “before time began”
Titus 1:3
at the right time
Quote: καιροῖς ἰδίοις (1)Alternate translation: “at the proper time”
he revealed his word
Quote: ἐφανέρωσεν & τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Paul speaks of God’s word as if it were an object that could be visibly shown to people. Alternate translation: “he caused me to understand his message”
by the proclamation
Quote: ἐν κηρύγματι (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Paul assumes that his readers will understand that the proclamation refers to the message of the gospel of Jesus Christ. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “by means of the proclamation of the message about Jesus”
the one I was entrusted with
Quote: ὃ ἐπιστεύθην ἐγὼ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the one that he entrusted to me” or “the one that he gave me the responsibility to preach”
our
Quote: ἡμῶν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive
Here, our includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
Titus 1:4
a true son
Quote: γνησίῳ τέκνῳ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Though Titus was not Paul’s biological son, they share a common faith in Christ. Paul considers relationship to Christ through faith to be more important than biological relationship. Thus, because of their relative ages and shared faith in Christ, Paul considers Titus as his own son. It may also be that Paul led Titus to faith in Christ, and so Titus is like a son in this spiritual sense. Alternate translation: “like a son to me”
in a common faith
Quote: κατὰ κοινὴν πίστιν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
Paul and Titus both share the same faith in Christ. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of faith, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because we both trust in Jesus Christ”
Grace and peace
Quote: χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis
This was a common greeting Paul used. He is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “May you experience grace and peace”
Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior
Quote: χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of Grace and peace, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “May God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior be gracious to you and give you a peaceful spirit”
Christ Jesus our Savior
Quote: Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν (1)Alternate translation: “Christ Jesus who is our Savior”
our
Quote: ἡμῶν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive
Here, our includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
Titus 1:5
For this purpose
Quote: τούτου χάριν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal
The phrase For this purpose introduces the goal that Paul wanted to accomplish when he left Titus in Crete (to ordain elders in the church). Use a phrase in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation: “This is why”
I left you in Crete
Quote: ἀπέλιπόν σε ἐν Κρήτῃ (1)Alternate translation: “I told you to stay in Crete”
that you might set in order the things not yet being complete
Quote: ἵνα τὰ λείποντα ἐπιδιορθώσῃ (1)Alternate translation: “so that you would finish arranging things that needed to be done”
ordain elders
Quote: καταστήσῃς & πρεσβυτέρους (1)Alternate translation: “appoint elders” or “designate elders”
Titus 1:6
if anyone is blameless
Quote: εἴ τίς ἐστιν ἀνέγκλητος (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This is the beginning of the description of the character of an elder. Paul assumes that Titus understands that he is to choose men who fit the following description. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “an elder must be blameless” or “any man you choose to be an elder must be without blame”
blameless
Quote: ἀνέγκλητος (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives
To be blameless is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this positively. Alternate translation: “a person who has a good reputation”
a husband of one wife
Quote: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This means that he has only one wife; that is, he does not have any other wives or concubines. This also means that he does not commit adultery and may also mean that he has not divorced a previous wife. Alternate translation: “a man who has only one woman” or “a man who is faithful to his wife”
faithful children
Quote: τέκνα & πιστά (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This could refer to: (1) children who believe in Jesus. Alternate translation: “children who are faithful to God” (2) children who are trustworthy. Alternate translation: “children who are honest”
Titus 1:7
the overseer
Quote: τὸν ἐπίσκοπον (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
The word overseer is another name for the same position of spiritual leadership that Paul referred to as “elder” in 1:5. This term focuses on the function of the elder: he oversees the activities and people of the church. Alternate translation: “an elder in charge of God's people”
a household manager of God
Quote: Θεοῦ οἰκονόμον (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Paul speaks of the church as if it were God’s household, and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing that household. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person in charge of taking care of God's church”
not addicted to wine
Quote: μὴ πάροινον (1)Alternate translation: “not an alcoholic” or “not one who drinks much wine”
not a brawler
Quote: μὴ πλήκτην (1)Alternate translation: “not one who is violent” or “not one who likes to fight”
Titus 1:8
Instead
Quote: ἀλλὰ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast
The connecting word Instead introduces a contrast between the things that an elder is not to be (that Paul already stated), and the things that an elder is to be (that Paul is about to state). Indicate this contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “In contrast”
a friend of what is good
Quote: φιλάγαθον (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Here Paul is speaking of what is good as if it were a person who could be someone's friend. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person who loves to do good things”
sensible, … self-controlled
Quote: σώφρονα & ἐγκρατῆ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet
The terms sensible and self-controlled are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms.
righteous, holy
Quote: δίκαιον, ὅσιον (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet
The terms righteous and holy are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms.
Titus 1:9
He must hold tightly to
Quote: ἀντεχόμενον (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Paul speaks of devotion to the Christian faith as if it were grasping the faith with one’s hands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different metaphor or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He must carefully follow” or “He must be devoted to”
that is in accordance with the teaching
Quote: κατὰ τὴν διδαχὴν (1)Alternate translation: “that agrees with the things that we taught him”
so that
Quote: ἵνα (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal
The connecting words so that introduce a goal or purpose relationship. The purpose for the elder to hold tightly to the trustworthy message is for him to be able to encourage others and rebuke those who oppose him. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is a purpose. Alternate translation: “because in this way”
sound teaching
Quote: τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The word translated here as sound normally refers to being physically healthy. Paul is speaking of this teaching as if it were a living thing that could be healthy or sick. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “correct teaching”
Titus 1:10
empty talkers
Quote: ματαιολόγοι (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Here, empty is a metaphor for useless, and empty talkers are people who say useless or foolish things. Alternate translation: “people who say useless things”
deceivers
Quote: φρεναπάται (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown
The word deceivers describes people who are actively trying to convince people to believe in something other than the true gospel that Paul preaches. Alternate translation: “people who convince others to believe things that are not true”
empty talkers and deceivers
Quote: ματαιολόγοι, καὶ φρεναπάται (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys
Both empty talkers and deceivers refer to the same people, those who are also rebellious. Those people taught false, worthless things and wanted other people to believe them. Alternate translation: “people who say wrong things so that others will believe things that are not true”
the ones from the circumcision
Quote: οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here, circumcision represents the Jewish believers who taught that men must be circumcised in order to please God. This teaching is false. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the ones who teach that men must be circumcised in order to please God”
Titus 1:11
It is necessary to stop them
Quote: οὓς δεῖ ἐπιστομίζειν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The implication is that these people must be stopped from teaching. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “You must prevent them from spreading their false teachings” or “Someone must stop them from deceiving others by their words”
are upsetting whole households
Quote: ὅλους οἴκους ἀνατρέπουσιν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The issue was that they were leading families away from the truth and destroying their faith. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “are ruining the faith of entire families”
for the sake of shameful profit
Quote: αἰσχροῦ κέρδους χάριν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Here Paul refers to profit as shameful, meaning that the activity of accepting money for teaching wrong things brings shame on the teacher. Consider how to express this in your language. Alternate translation: “and increasing their shame by taking money for it”
Titus 1:12
One of them, of their own prophets
Quote: τις ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἴδιος αὐτῶν προφήτης (1)Alternate translation: “A Cretan, one that they themselves consider to be a prophet”
Cretans {are} always liars
Quote: Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole
The word always here is an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “Cretans have a reputation to be liars” or “Cretans tend to be liars”
evil beasts
Quote: κακὰ θηρία (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
This metaphor is speaking of Cretans as if they were evil beasts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as dangerous as wild animals”
lazy bellies
Quote: γαστέρες ἀργαί (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche
Here the part of the body that stores food is used to represent the person who eats all the time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “lazy gluttons” or “lazy people who just want to eat”
Titus 1:13
For this reason, rebuke them severely
Quote: δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ἔλεγχε αὐτοὺς ἀποτόμως (1)Alternate translation: “For that reason, you must use strong language that the Cretans will understand when you correct them”
For this reason
Quote: δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result
The connecting words For this reason introduce a reason-result relationship. The reason is that what the Cretan prophet said about his people is true (they are liars, evil, and lazy), and the result is that Titus should rebuke them severely for behaving that way. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Therefore”
them
Quote: αὐτοὺς (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns
Here the pronoun them could refer to: (1) the Cretan believers in general. This seems likely since the testimony is about all Cretans, and verse 14 says that they should not pay attention to “commands of people turning away from the truth.” In other words, they should not pay attention to the false teachers. Alternate translation: “the Cretan believers” or (2) the Cretan false teachers. In this case, verse 14 would be telling the false teachers not to pay attention to other false teachers. Alternate translation: “the false teachers”
so that they may be sound in the faith
Quote: ἵνα ὑγιαίνωσιν ἐν τῇ πίστει (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
See note on sound in Titus 1:9. Alternate translation: “so they will have a healthy faith” or “so their faith may be true” or “so that they believe only what is true about God”
so that
Quote: ἵνα (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal
Here, so that marks being sound in the faith, as well as what follows in verse 14, as the goal or purpose of rebuking the Cretans. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
in the faith
Quote: ἐν τῇ πίστει (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
Here the abstract noun faith represents the things that the people believe about God. Alternate translation: “in what they believe about God”
Titus 1:14
Jewish myths
Quote: Ἰουδαϊκοῖς μύθοις (1)Alternate translation: “false teaching of the Jews”
turning away from the truth
Quote: ἀποστρεφομένων τὴν ἀλήθειαν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Paul speaks of the truth as if it were an object that one could turn away from or avoid. Alternate translation: “who reject the truth”
Titus 1:15
All things {are} pure to the ones {who are} pure
Quote: πάντα καθαρὰ τοῖς καθαροῖς (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs
Here, Paul uses or invents a proverb in order to teach that being pure or pleasing to God is a matter of a person's inward thoughts, not a matter of outward actions or rituals. Translate this proverb in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “If people are pure on the inside, everything that they do will be pure” or “When people have only good thoughts, nothing that they do will offend God”
to the ones {who are} pure
Quote: τοῖς καθαροῖς (1)Alternate translation: “to those who are acceptable to God”
But
Quote: δὲ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast
The connecting word But introduces a contrast between people who are pure and people who are corrupt and unbelieving. Indicate this contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “However,”
But to the ones having been corrupted and unbelieving, nothing {is} pure
Quote: τοῖς δὲ μεμιαμμένοις καὶ ἀπίστοις, οὐδὲν καθαρόν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Paul speaks of sinners as if they were physically corrupted or dirty. Alternate translation: “But if people are morally defiled and do not believe, they cannot do anything pure” or “But when people are full of sin and unbelief, nothing that they do is acceptable to God”
Titus 1:16
but
Quote: δὲ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast
The connecting word but introduces a contrast between what these corrupt people say (that they know God) and what their actions show (that they do not know God). Indicate this contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nevertheless,”
they deny {him} by their actions
Quote: τοῖς & ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται (1)Alternate translation: “how they live proves that they do not know him”
Titus 2
Titus 2 General Notes
Paul continues giving Titus reasons to preach God’s word, and explains how the older men, older women, young men, and slaves or servants should live as believers.
Special Concepts in this Chapter
Gender roles
Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are completely equal in all things. Other scholars believe God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let their understanding of this issue affect how they translate this passage.
Slavery
Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad; Paul teaches slaves to faithfully serve their masters. He teaches all believers to be godly and live rightly in every situation.
Titus 2:1
But you
Quote: σὺ δὲ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Here, you is singular and refers to Titus. If it is helpful, you could include the name “Titus” here, as in the UST.
with sound teaching
Quote: τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
See the note about sound teaching on Titus 1:9. Alternate translation: “with right doctrine” or “with correct teachings”
Titus 2:2
Older men, to be
Quote: πρεσβύτας & εἶναι (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis
A verb is lacking here that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply a verb here, drawing from the idea of “speak” in the previous verse, such as “teach” or “exhort.” Alternate translation: “Teach older men to be”
temperate, dignified, sensible
Quote: νηφαλίους & σεμνούς, σώφρονας (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet
These three words are very close in meaning and may be combined into one or two terms if the target language does not have three separate terms.
temperate
Quote: νηφαλίους (1)Alternate translation: “sober-minded” or “self-controlled”
sensible
Quote: σώφρονας (1)Alternate translation: “in control of their desires”
sound in faith, in love, {and} in perseverance
Quote: ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει τῇ ἀγάπῃ, τῇ ὑπομονῇ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Here the word sound means to be firm and unwavering. It applies to faith, love, and perseverance. See the note about sound on Titus 1:9 and the note about sound in faith on Titus 1:13. Alternate translation: “unwavering in faith, in loving others, and in continuing to persevere”
sound in faith
Quote: ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
You can state the abstract noun faith as a verb if that is clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “to firmly believe the true teachings about God”
in love
Quote: τῇ ἀγάπῃ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
You can state the abstract noun love as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “in loving others well”
and} in perseverance
Quote: τῇ ὑπομονῇ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
You can state the abstract noun perseverance as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “and to continually serve God in all circumstances”
Titus 2:3
Older women, likewise
Quote: πρεσβύτιδας ὡσαύτως (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis
Some verbs are lacking here that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could continue the verbal ideas from the previous two verses and apply them here, as well, such as “Teach older women to be” or “Exhort older women to be.” Alternate translation, removing the comma: “In the same way, teach older women to be” or “Also teach older women to be”
enslaved to much wine
Quote: οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
People who cannot control themselves and drink too much wine are spoken of here as if they were a slave to the wine. Alternate translation: “controlled by their desire for wine”
enslaved to much wine
Quote: οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “drinking too much wine”
teachers of what is good
Quote: καλοδιδασκάλους (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast
If it is helpful in your language, you can indicate the contrast between this good quality and the two preceding bad qualities. Alternate translation: “but rather, teachers of what is good”
Titus 2:4
so that
Quote: ἵνα (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal
Here, so that marks training the younger women as the goal or purpose of being “teachers of what is good” in verse 3. Of course, living in a good way, as verse 3 describes, helps the older women to be teachers of what is good. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is the purpose.
lovers of their husbands
Quote: φιλάνδρους (1)Alternate translation: “lovers of their own husbands”
lovers of their children
Quote: φιλοτέκνους (1)Alternate translation: “and lovers of their own children”
Titus 2:5
and} subject to their own husbands
Quote: ὑποτασσομένας τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν (1)Alternate translation: “and to obey their own husbands”
so that
Quote: ἵνα (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal
Here, so that marks not insulting the word of God as a goal or purpose of the good behavior described in verses 4 and 5. This is not the only purpose of living well, but if the young women of the church do not do these things, people will consider God's message to be worthless. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a purpose of what came before.
so that the word of God may not be insulted
Quote: ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one insults the word of God” or “so that no one insults God by saying bad things about his message”
the word of God
Quote: ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy
Here, word stands for “message.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the message from God”
Titus 2:6
In the same way
Quote: ὡσαύτως (1)Paul's instructions for the different groups of believers are similar. See how you translated this phrase in verse 3.
Titus 2:7
In everything
Quote: περὶ πάντα (1)It is possible that this phrase is part of the previous sentence instead of this one. If the Bible used in your area uses this phrase to end the previous sentence, you may choose to do the same.
present yourself {as
Quote: σεαυτὸν παρεχόμενος (1)Alternate translation: “show yourself to be” or “you yourself must serve as”
an example of good works
Quote: τύπον καλῶν ἔργων (1)Alternate translation: “as an example of one who does right and proper things”
In the teaching, incorruption, dignity
Quote: ἐν τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ ἀφθορίαν, σεμνότητα (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis
Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “In the teaching, present yourself with incorruption and dignity”
In the teaching, incorruption, dignity
Quote: ἐν τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ ἀφθορίαν, σεμνότητα (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of incorruption and dignity, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “In the teaching, be uncorrupted, dignified” or “In the teaching, be honest, serious”
incorruption
Quote: ἀφθορίαν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives
If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative word that consists of the negative prefix in- and the negative word corruption. Alternate translation: “honesty” or “integrity”
Titus 2:8
sound
Quote: ὑγιῆ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Here the word sound applies to Titus's message and means “accurate” or “correct,” as it does in Titus 1:9 and 2:1 where it also applies to teaching. Alternate translation: “correct” or “true”
so that
Quote: ἵνα (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal
Here, so that indicates that what follows is a purpose of what came before. Having a sound message will make any opponent ashamed of opposing such a message. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a purpose of what came before. Alternate translation: “for in that way” or "in such a way that"
so that the opponent may be ashamed
Quote: ἵνα ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας ἐντραπῇ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo
This presents a hypothetical situation in which someone opposes Titus and then becomes ashamed for having done so. Alternate translation: “so that if anyone opposes you, he may be ashamed” or “so that when people oppose you, they may be ashamed”
us
Quote: ἡμῶν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive
Here the pronoun us includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
Titus 2:9
Slaves, to be subject to their own masters
Quote: δούλους ἰδίοις δεσπόταις ὑποτάσσεσθαι (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis
As in 2:2 and 2:3, Paul is leaving out a word that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could apply the verbal idea from verse 6 to here, which is “urge” or “exhort.” Alternate translation: “Exhort slaves to be subject to their own masters” or “Exhort slaves to obey their own masters”
in everything
Quote: ἐν πᾶσιν (1)Alternate translation: “in every situation” or “always”
to be pleasing
Quote: εὐαρέστους εἶναι (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The implication is that the slaves are to be pleasing to their masters. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to please their masters” or “to satisfy their masters”
Titus 2:10
not to steal
Quote: μὴ νοσφιζομένους (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The implication is that they would be tempted to steal from their masters. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “not to steal from their masters”
but
Quote: ἀλλὰ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast
Here the word but indicates a strong contrast between stealing and demonstrating good faith. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but rather”
to demonstrate all good faith
Quote: πᾶσαν πίστιν ἐνδεικνυμένους ἀγαθήν (1)Alternate translation: “to show that they are worthy of their masters’ trust”
so that
Quote: ἵνα (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal
Here, so that marks bringing credit to the teaching that is about God as a goal or purpose of slaves demonstrating all good faith with their masters. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is a purpose.
in every way
Quote: ἐν πᾶσιν (1)Alternate translation: “in everything that they do”
they may show the beauty of the teaching that {is} about God our Savior
Quote: τὴν διδασκαλίαν τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ, κοσμῶσιν (1)Alternate translation: “they may make the teaching about God our Savior attractive” or “they may cause people to understand that the teaching about God our Savior is good”
our
Quote: ἡμῶν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive
Here the pronoun our includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
Titus 2:11
For
Quote: γὰρ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result
The word translated as For indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “They should do this because”
the grace of God has appeared
Quote: ἐπεφάνη & ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification
Paul speaks of the grace of God as if it were a person who has arrived. See the UST for other ways to express this. Alternate translation: “God is now offering his grace”
For the grace of God has appeared, salvific for all men
Quote: ἐπεφάνη γὰρ ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ σωτήριος πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of grace, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “For God has been extremely kind by making a way to save all men”
salvific for all men
Quote: σωτήριος πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification
Here the word salvific describes God's grace, meaning that it is like a person who has the characteristic of saving people. Alternate translation: “able to save all men” or “working to save all men” or “bringing salvation for all men”
for all men
Quote: πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations
Although the term men is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “for all people”
Titus 2:12
training us
Quote: παιδεύουσα ἡμᾶς (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification
Paul speaks of the grace of God (2:11) as if it were a person who trains other people how to live holy lives. Alternate translation: “by which God trains us”
us
Quote: ἡμᾶς (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive
Here the pronoun us includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
godlessness
Quote: τὴν ἀσέβειαν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of godlessness, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “things that dishonor God”
worldly passions
Quote: τὰς κοσμικὰς ἐπιθυμίας (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of passions, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “living for the things of this world” or “pursuing sinful pleasures”
godlessness … godly way
Quote: ἀσέβειαν & εὐσεβῶς (1)Alternate translation: “God-dishonoring behavior … God-honoring way”
in the present age
Quote: ἐν τῷ νῦν αἰῶνι (1)Alternate translation: “while we live in this world” or “during this time”
Titus 2:13
while we look forward to receiving
Quote: προσδεχόμενοι (1)Alternate translation: “while we wait to welcome”
the blessed hope and appearing of the glory
Quote: τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα, καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys
These two phrases connected with and express a single event. The words blessed hope describe how Paul feels about the appearing of Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use and. Alternate translation: “the blessing for which we hope, which is the appearing of the glory” or “what we are longing for, the blessed and glorious appearing”
the blessed hope and appearing of the glory
Quote: τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα, καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of hope and glory, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “what we are longing for, the blessed and glorious appearing”
the blessed hope and appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ
Quote: τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα, καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession
Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe an event that is characterized by glory, which is when Jesus Christ will be appearing. If your language would not use the possessive form to express this, you could say it differently. Alternate translation: “the blessed event that we have been hoping for when our great God and Savior Jesus Christ gloriously appears”
of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ
Quote: τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys
Both our great God and Savior refer to the one person, Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “of Jesus Christ, our great God and Savior”
Titus 2:14
He gave himself for us
Quote: ὃς ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
This refers to Jesus dying willingly. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “He gave himself to die for us”
us
Quote: ἡμῶν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive
Here the pronoun us includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
to redeem us from all lawlessness
Quote: λυτρώσηται ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἀνομίας (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Here, Paul speaks of lawlessness as though it were an evil master from whom Jesus sets us free. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to rescue us from our lawless way of living”
us
Quote: ἡμᾶς (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive
Here the pronoun us includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
a chosen people
Quote: λαὸν περιούσιον (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a group of people that he has chosen” or “a group of people that he treasures”
zealous for good works
Quote: ζηλωτὴν καλῶν ἔργων (1)Alternate translation: “who are eager to do good deeds”
Titus 2:15
of these things
Quote: ταῦτα (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
Here, these things refers back to all of the things that Paul has said in chapter two. Use a natural way in your language to refer back to these things. Alternate translation: “about all of this”
exhort
Quote: παρακάλει (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Paul assumes that Titus understands that he should exhort the believers to obey these things. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “encourage the believers to do these things”
rebuke with all authority
Quote: ἔλεγχε, μετὰ πάσης ἐπιταγῆς (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
If it is helpful, the people whom Titus should rebuke can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “correct with all authority those people who do not do these things”
with all authority
Quote: μετὰ πάσης ἐπιταγῆς (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of authority, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “from your rightful position as their overseer”
Let no one disregard you
Quote: μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω (1)Alternate translation: “Do not allow anyone to ignore you”
Let no one disregard you
Quote: μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives
You can state this positively: “Make sure that everyone listens to you”
Let no one disregard you
Quote: μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The way that people would disregard Titus could be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Let no one refuse to listen to your words” or “Let no one refuse to respect you”
Titus 3
Titus 3 General Notes
Structure and Formatting
In this chapter, Paul continues giving Titus instructions on how to teach the elders and people under his care in Crete.
In verses 1-7 Paul explains how, by God's mercy, the Holy Spirit makes our lives new and motivates us to live in a new way.
In verses 8-11 Paul explains what Titus should avoid and how to treat those who cause contention among the believers.
In verses 12-15, Paul closes the letter by telling Titus what to do after he appoints elders in Crete and by delivering greetings from those with him.
Verse 15 formally concludes this letter. This is a common way of ending a letter in the ancient Near East.
Special Concepts in this Chapter
Genealogies
Genealogies (verse 9) are lists that record a person’s ancestors or descendants and show from what tribe and family a person came. For example, priests came from the tribe of Levi and the family of Aaron. Some of these lists included stories of ancestors and even of spiritual beings. These lists and stories were used to argue about where things came from and about how important various people were.
Titus 3:1
Remind them to submit
Quote: ὑπομίμνῃσκε αὐτοὺς & ὑποτάσσεσθαι (1)Alternate translation: “Tell our people again what they already know, to submit” or “Keep reminding them to submit”
to submit to rulers {and} authorities, to obey {them
Quote: ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις, ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet
The words submit and obey have very similar meanings and both refer to doing what someone tells you to do. If the target language has only one term for this, then just use that term. Alternate translation: “to do as the political rulers and government authorities say by obeying them” or “to obey government officials”
to rulers {and} authorities
Quote: ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet
The words rulers and authorities have similar meanings and both refer to anyone who holds authority in the government. If the target language has only one term for this, then just use that term. Alternate translation: “to government officials”
to be ready for every good work
Quote: πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἑτοίμους εἶναι (1)Alternate translation: “to be ready to do good whenever there is opportunity”
Titus 3:2
to revile
Quote: βλασφημεῖν (1)Alternate translation: “to speak evil of”
to be uncontentious
Quote: ἀμάχους εἶναι (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives
If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle un and the negative word contentious. Alternate translation: “to be peaceful”
showing all humility
Quote: πᾶσαν ἐνδεικνυμένους πραΰτητα (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of humility, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “always being humble” or “always being considerate”
toward all men
Quote: πρὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations
Although the term men is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “toward everyone”
Titus 3:3
For once we also were
Quote: ἦμεν γάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result
The word translated as For indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. A reason for being gentle and humble with foolish and disobedient people is that we also used to be that way. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because we ourselves were once”
once
Quote: ποτε (1)Alternate translation: “formerly” or “at some time” or “previously”
we
Quote: ἡμεῖς (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive
Here the pronoun, we includes Paul, Titus, and all believers, referring to the time before they trusted in Christ. Alternate translation: “even we” or “we ourselves”
were foolish
Quote: ἦμεν & ἀνόητοι (1)Alternate translation: “were thoughtless” or “were unwise”
We were led astray, enslaved by various passions and pleasures
Quote: πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification
Here, passions and pleasures are spoken of as if they were masters over people and had made those people into slaves by lying to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “We had allowed ourselves to believe the lie that pursuing various passions and pleasures would make us happy, and then we were unable to control our desires or stop doing things that we thought would give us pleasure”
We were led astray, enslaved by various passions and pleasures
Quote: πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Various passions and pleasures led us astray and enslaved us”
by various passions and pleasures
Quote: ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of passions and pleasures, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “by doing whatever we strongly desired to do and by doing whatever made us feel good”
We lived in evil and envy
Quote: ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ διάγοντες (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of evil and envy, you could express the same ideas in another way. The words evil and envy describe sin. The word evil is general and envy is a specific kind of sin. Alternate translation: “We were always doing evil things and wanting what others have”
detestable
Quote: στυγητοί (1)Alternate translation: “doing things that made others hate us”
Titus 3:4
But
Quote: δὲ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast
But is used here to mark the important contrast between the evil way that people are (verses 1–3) and the goodness of God (verses 4–7). In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “However,”
when the kindness and the love for mankind of God our Savior appeared
Quote: ὅτε & ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Paul speaks of God’s kindness and love as if they were physical things that came into our sight. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when God our Savior demonstrated his kindness and love for people”
when the kindness and the love for mankind of God our Savior appeared
Quote: ὅτε & ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of kindness and love, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “when God, who saves us, showed how kind and loving he would be to mankind”
our
Quote: ἡμῶν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive
Here the pronoun our includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
Titus 3:5
works of righteousness
Quote: ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of righteousness, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “righteous works” or “good deeds”
by his mercy
Quote: κατὰ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of mercy, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because he wanted to be merciful”
the washing of new birth
Quote: λουτροῦ παλινγενεσίας (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Paul combines two metaphors here. He is speaking of God’s forgiveness for sinners as if he were physically washing them clean from their sin. He is also speaking of sinners who become responsive to God as if they experience a new birth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “being forgiven from sin, born again spiritually,”
Titus 3:6
whom he richly poured on us
Quote: οὗ ἐξέχεεν ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς πλουσίως, (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
It is common for New Testament writers to speak of the Holy Spirit as a liquid that God can pour out in large amounts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “whom God gave to us generously”
us
Quote: ἡμᾶς (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive
Here the pronoun us includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
through our Savior Jesus Christ
Quote: διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν (1)Alternate translation: “because of what our Savior Jesus Christ did for us”
our
Quote: ἡμῶν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive
Here the pronoun our includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
Titus 3:7
so that
Quote: ἵνα (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal
Here, so that marks becoming heirs of eternal life as the goal or purpose for why God gave us the Holy Spirit (verse 6). Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
having been justified
Quote: δικαιωθέντες (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive
If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “since God has declared us to be without sin”
by the grace of that one
Quote: τῇ ἐκείνου χάριτι (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of grace, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “by the gracious gift of that one” or “by what that one freely did for us”
of that one
Quote: ἐκείνου (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
Here, that one refers back to “our Savior Jesus Christ” in verse 6. If it would be helpful in your language, you could repeat that name here. Alternate translation: “of Jesus”
we might become heirs according to certain hope of eternal life
Quote: κληρονόμοι γενηθῶμεν, κατ’ ἐλπίδα ζωῆς αἰωνίου (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit the things promised, just as a person inherits property or possessions from a family member. Alternate translation: “we might expect to receive the eternal life that God has promised us”
Titus 3:8
This message
Quote: ὁ λόγος (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
This message is the one just expressed in verses 4–7, that God freely gives the Holy Spirit and eternal life to believers through Jesus. Alternate translation: “this saying”
these things
Quote: τούτων (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns
Here, these things refers to the teachings that Paul has talked about in verses 1–7. Alternate translation: “these teachings that I have just talked about”
may be careful to engage themselves in good works
Quote: φροντίζωσιν καλῶν ἔργων, προΐστασθαι (1)Alternate translation: “may diligently seek to do good works”
for men
Quote: τοῖς ἀνθρώποις (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations
Although the term men is maculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “for all people”
Titus 3:9
But avoid
Quote: δὲ & περιΐστασο (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast
The word But here indicates a contrast between good things to do (verse 8) and bad things to avoid doing (verse 9). In your translation, indicate this contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “In contrast, avoid”
foolish debates
Quote: μωρὰς & ζητήσεις (1)Alternate translation: “arguments concerning unimportant matters”
genealogies
Quote: γενεαλογίας (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The word genealogies refers to the study of family kinship relationships. See the Introduction to Titus for more information. Paul assumes that Titus will understand that he means for Titus to avoid arguing about genealogies. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “arguing about genealogies”
strife
Quote: ἔρεις (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns
If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of strife, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “arguing with people” or “fighting with people”
about the law
Quote: νομικὰς (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Paul assumes that Titus will understand that he is referring to the law of Moses, not Roman law. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “about the law of Moses”
Titus 3:10
Reject a divisive person
Quote: αἱρετικὸν ἄνθρωπον & παραιτοῦ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The implication is that this person is causing division in the church. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Stay away from a person who causes division in the church”
after one or two warnings
Quote: μετὰ μίαν καὶ δευτέραν νουθεσίαν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The implication is that Titus should warn the person who is causing division. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “after you have warned that person once or twice”
Titus 3:11
such a one
Quote: ὁ τοιοῦτος (1)Alternate translation: “a person like that”
has turned from the right way
Quote: ἐξέστραπται (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Paul speaks of someone who chooses to do wrong things as if he were leaving the right path to walk in the wrong direction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “has stopped doing what is right”
being self-condemned
Quote: ὢν αὐτοκατάκριτος (1)Alternate translation: “bringing judgment on himself”
Titus 3:12
When I send Artemas or Tychicus to you
Quote: ὅταν πέμψω Ἀρτεμᾶν πρὸς σὲ ἢ Τυχικόν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The implication is that Titus should come to Nicopolis after either Artemas or Tychicus arrives to where Titus is. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “After I send Artemas or Tychicus and he arrives to you”
Artemas … Tychicus
Quote: Ἀρτεμᾶν & Τυχικόν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names
Artemas and Tychicus are names of men.
hurry to come
Quote: σπούδασον ἐλθεῖν (1)Alternate translation: “do your best to come”
hurry
Quote: σπούδασον (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular
The verb hurry is singular and directed at Titus alone. Artemas or Tychicus would stay in Crete, probably to take Titus’ place.
Titus 3:13
Diligently send on their way
Quote: σπουδαίως πρόπεμψον (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
The implication here is that to Diligently send these men is to help and equip them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Give supplies for traveling to”
Zenas … Apollos
Quote: Ζηνᾶν & Ἀπολλῶν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names
Zenos and Apollos are names of men.
and Apollos
Quote: καὶ Ἀπολλῶν (1)Alternate translation: “and also Apollos”
so that they lack nothing
Quote: ἵνα μηδὲν αὐτοῖς λείπῃ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal
Here, so that indicates the way in which Titus is to send off these men. Alternate translation: “in such a way that they lack nothing”
so that they lack nothing
Quote: ἵνα μηδὲν αὐτοῖς λείπῃ (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives
You can state this positively. Alternate translation: “so that they have everything that they need”
Titus 3:14
our own
Quote: οἱ ἡμέτεροι (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis
Here, our own refers to the believers in Crete. Alternate translation: “our own people”
our own
Quote: οἱ ἡμέτεροι (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive
Here the pronoun our includes Paul and Titus. The form should be either dual or inclusive if your language marks this distinction.
toward essential needs
Quote: εἰς τὰς ἀναγκαίας χρείας (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Here essential needs refers to things that people must have in order to live. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “that enable them to help people who lack necessary things”
in order not to be unfruitful
Quote: ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor
Paul speaks of people doing good work as if they were trees bearing good fruit. Alternate translation: “so that they will not lead useless lives”
in order not to be unfruitful
Quote: ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives
You can state this positively. Alternate translation: “so that they will be fruitful” or “that in this way they will be productive”
Titus 3:15
greet you
Quote: ἀσπάζονταί σε (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular
Here, you is singular. This is a personal greeting to Titus.
All those with me
Quote: οἱ μετ’ ἐμοῦ πάντες (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit
Alternate translation: “All the people who are with me” or “All of the believers who are here with me”
the ones loving us in faith
Quote: τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς ἐν πίστει (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom
Here, in faith is an idiom that refers to those who share the same faith. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the believers who love us because we share the same belief” or “all those who love us and believe as we do”
us
Quote: ἡμᾶς (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive
Here the pronoun us is probably exclusive and refers to Paul and the group of believers with him. Paul is sending greetings from this group to the group of believers that is with Titus on Crete.
Grace {be} with all of you
Quote: ἡ χάρις μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing
This was a common Christian greeting and is also a blessing. Express this in a form that would be understood as a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: “May God’s grace be with you” or “I ask that God will be gracious to all of you”
of you
Quote: ὑμῶν (1)Support Reference: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular
Here the pronoun you is plural. This blessing is for Titus and for all of the believers there in Crete.