Exodus
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', 'front', 'intro', 'b4pp', '', '', '0', '', '# Introduction to Exodus
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of Exodus
1. Israel in Egypt; preparing to depart from slavery (1–12)
* First genealogy (1:1–6)
* Israel as slaves in Egypt (1:7–22)
* Moses’ history to the time of the Exodus (2:1–4:26)
* Israel suffers in Egypt (4:27–6:13)
* Second genealogy (6:14–27)
* Moses and Aaron go to Pharaoh (6:28–7:25)
* The plagues (8:1–11:10)
1. Instructions for celebrating the Passover (12:1–30)
2. From Egypt to Mount Sinai (12:31–18:27)
* The Passover; preparing to leave Egypt; leaving Egypt (12:31–50, 13:1–22)
* Journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai (14:1–18:27)
1. Mount Sinai and the Law (19-40)
* Preparing for the covenant (19:1–25)
* The Ten Commandments (20:1–17)
* The covenant described (20:18–23:33)
* The people agree to the covenant; Moses returns to Mount Sinai (24:1–18)
* Design of the tabernacle and its furnishings; what was required of those who serve in it; tabernacle functions (25:1–31:18)
* The golden calf; Moses prays for the people (32:1–33:22)
* The covenant described again (34:1–35)
* Making of the ark and its furnishings (35:1–38:31) and priestly garments (39:1–43, 40:1–33)
* The cloud (40:34–38)
### What is the book of Exodus about?
Exodus continues the story of the previous book, Genesis. The first half of Exodus is about how Yahweh made Abraham’s descendants into a nation. This nation, which would be called “Israel,” was meant to belong to Yahweh and worship him. The second half of Exodus describes how God gave the Israelites his law through Moses. The law of Moses told the Israelites how to obey and worship Yahweh properly.
The book of Exodus tells how the Israelites were to build the tabernacle. The tabernacle was a tent where Yahweh would be among his people. The Israelites worshiped and sacrificed animals to Yahweh at the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
### How should the title of this book be translated?
“Exodus” means “exit” or “departure.” Translators may translate this title in a way that can communicate its subject clearly, for example, “About the Israelites Leaving Egypt” or “How the Israelites Left the Land of Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
### Who wrote the book of Exodus?
The writers of both the Old and New Testaments present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Exodus. Since ancient times, both Jews and Christians have thought that Moses wrote Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.
### Why did Moses write so much about God delivering or rescuing the people of Israel?
Moses wrote much about God rescuing his people from the Egyptians to show that Yahweh is very powerful. Egypt was the most powerful nation at that time, but Yahweh was still able to free the Israelites from the Egyptians. Also, by rescuing the Israelites, Yahweh showed that he had chosen them as his people, and they should worship him.
### How does the book of Exodus show the fulfillment of the promises given to Abraham?
The book of Exodus shows God beginning to fulfill his promise to Abraham. In Genesis, God promised Abraham that he would have many descendants and that they would become a large nation. When God rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians, he took them to Mount Sinai. There he made a covenant with them, and they became the nation that belonged to Yahweh.
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### What was the Jewish Passover?
The Jewish Passover was a religious festival. Yahweh commanded the Israelites to celebrate it every year. Passover was a time to remember how God rescued Israel from the Egyptians. The first Passover meal was eaten in the evening just before they left Egypt.
### What was the law of Moses to the people of Israel?
The law of Moses instructed the people of Israel about what Yahweh required them to do as his people. In the law, God told the people how they should live so that they would honor him. He also instructed them about their need to offer animal sacrifices. God required these sacrifices so that he could forgive their sins and continue living among them. The law also described the duties of the priests and told how to build the tabernacle.
### What did it mean that Israel was to be a “kingdom of priests and a holy nation” ([19:6](../19/06.md) ULT)?
Israel was a holy nation because Yahweh separated them from all other nations to belong to him. They were to honor and worship him only. This made them different from all the other nations of the world. These other nations worshiped many false gods.
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### Thus says Yahweh
This phrase is used many times in the Old Testament to introduce Yahweh’s speech. Your team should pick a standard translation. See [4:intro](../04/intro.md) for more.
### Pharaoh’s stubborn heart
Between chapters 4–14 there are 18 cases where Pharaoh’s heart is described as strong (11x), heavy (6x), or hard (1x), and one case where the Egyptians’ hearts are described as strong. These are metaphors for being stubborn, that is, being unwilling to obey Yahweh or even to do what is clearly in his own and Egypt’s best interest. Many cultures have similar metaphors, but not all will use the same body part. Within these cases, six times there is a neutral description that Pharaoh was stubborn without saying anyone made him so ([7:13](../07/13.md), [7:14](../07/14.md), [7:22](../07/22.md), [8:19](../08/19.md), [9:7](../09/07.md), [9:35](../09/35.md)); three times Pharaoh makes himself stubborn ([8:15](../08/15.md), [8:32](../08/32.md), [9:34](../09/34.md)); and ten times Yahweh makes Pharaoh/the Egyptians stubborn ([4:21](../04/21.md), [7:3](../07/03.md), [9:12](../09/12.md), [10:1](../10/01.md), [10:20](../10/20.md), [10:27](../10/27.md), [11:10](../11/10.md), [14:4](../14/04.md), [14:8](../14/08.md), [14:17](../14/17.md)).
### Why are the details of the construction of the tabernacle in Exodus 25–32 repeated in Exodus 35–40?
In Exodus 25–32, God describes exactly how the tabernacle was to be built. The details were repeated in Exodus 35–40. This showed that the people were to be careful to do exactly as God commanded.
### Are the events in the order that they actually happened?
Most, but not all, of the events in the book of Exodus are told in the order that they actually happened. Translators may need to make it clear when the events are in an unusual order.
### What does it mean that God “lived” among his people?
The book of Exodus presents God as living in the tabernacle among the nation of Israel. God is everywhere, but he lived among the Israelites in a special way. God dwelled with the Israelites because they belonged to him. He promised to lead them and bless them. In return, the people were to worship him and honor him.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', 'intro', 'cj55', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 01 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is intended to form a smooth transition from the last chapter of the book of Genesis.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Israel’s growth
Israel grew in number. This was in fulfillment of the covenant God made with Abraham. It also caused the Egyptians great concern that there would be more Israelites than Egyptians, because the Egyptians would be unable to defend themselves against such a large number of people. Pharaoh also tried to kill all of the male babies so they would not become soldiers who fought against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
### End of the famine
It is obvious that some time has passed since the beginning of the famine which brought the Israelites into Egypt. Yahweh appears to be punishing the Hebrews for not returning to the Promised Land, but instead, choosing to stay in Egypt. No return attempt is recorded to have been made. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### “All of the descendants of Jacob were 70 in number”
This number included both Jacob’s children and grandchildren. It may cause confusion, but it is important to remember Jacob only had 12 sons.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '1', 'h51f', 'writing-background', '', '0', '', 'Verses 1–7 are background information for the story.If your language has a way of structuring background information, consider using it for these verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '1', 'g89k', 'figs-metonymy', 'וּ\u2060בֵית֖\u2060וֹ', '1', 'household', 'Here, **house** refers to all of the people who live together, usually a large family with servants. Alternate translation: “and his household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '1', 'fxbx', 'figs-go', 'הַ\u2060בָּאִ֖ים…בָּֽאוּ', '1', '', 'The words translated as **came in** could also be translated as “went in.” Use whichever form is most natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '1', 'e65z', 'translate-names', 'יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל…יַעֲקֹ֔ב', '1', '', '**Jacob** and **Israel** are two names for the same man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '5', 'fv84', 'translate-numbers', 'שִׁבְעִ֣ים', '1', 'seventy in number', '“70 in number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '6', 'sh42', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'וַ\u2060יָּ֤מָת', '1', '', 'Jacob and his sons spent the rest of their lives in Egypt and died there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '6', 'g5qg', '', 'וְ\u2060כָל־אֶחָ֔י\u2060ו', '1', 'all his brothers', '**All his brothers** includes ten older brothers and one younger brother. If your language has different words for those, you can say, “his ten older brothers and his younger brother”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '6', 'pev3', 'figs-possession', 'אֶחָ֔י\u2060ו', '1', '', 'This an instance of the possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '7', 'c368', 'figs-metonymy', 'וּ\u2060בְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל', '1', '', 'This is the first of many times in this book that **sons of Israel** refers to the Israelite nation or people. Alternate translation: “And the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '7', 'c7ep', 'figs-doublet', 'פָּר֧וּ וַֽ\u2060יִּשְׁרְצ֛וּ וַ\u2060יִּרְבּ֥וּ וַ\u2060יַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ', '1', '', 'All of these verbs mean similar things and are used together to emphasize that the Israelite people became very numerous. If your language doesn’t have as many words that mean the same thing, you can use fewer words and express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “multiplied and became extremely numerous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '7', 'uo65', '', 'פָּר֧וּ…וַ\u2060יִּרְבּ֥וּ…וַ\u2060תִּמָּלֵ֥א הָ\u2060אָ֖רֶץ', '1', '', 'Compare your translation of **fruitful … and multiplied … and the land was filled** here to Genesis 1:28; 9:1, 7; andespecially Genesis35:11, where God renamed Jacob to be called Israel.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '7', 'nk2l', 'figs-metaphor', 'פָּר֧וּ', '1', 'were fruitful', 'The birth of children to the Israelites is spoken of as if they were plants that were producing fruit. Alternate translation: “had many children” or “gave birth to many children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '7', 'r2f1', 'figs-activepassive', 'וַ\u2060תִּמָּלֵ֥א הָ\u2060אָ֖רֶץ אֹתָֽ\u2060ם', '1', 'the land was filled with them', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they filled the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '7', 'e110', 'figs-idiom', 'בִּ\u2060מְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד', '1', '', 'Here the same word is used twice to emphasize how many the Israelite people had become. If your language does not repeat words like this, express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “with much power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '7', 'piq4', 'writing-participants', 'אֹתָֽ\u2060ם', '1', 'with them', 'Here, **them** refers to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '8', 'eu8y', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יָּ֥קָם', '1', '', 'This sentence introduces a new event in the story. If your language marks this with particular discourse features, apply them here. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '8', 'd20y', 'writing-participants', 'מֶֽלֶךְ־חָדָ֖שׁ', '1', '', 'The story begins with the new king.Your language may have a specific way to introduce new events or new characters in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '8', 't6jd', 'figs-metonymy', 'וַ\u2060יָּ֥קָם מֶֽלֶךְ־חָדָ֖שׁ עַל־מִצְרָ֑יִם', '1', 'arose over Egypt', 'Here, **Egypt** refers to the place and the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “And a new king began to rule over the Egyptians and the country of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '8', 'dnkw', 'figs-metonymy', 'לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע אֶת־יוֹסֵֽף', '1', '', 'Here, **Joseph** refers to both the person Joseph and to all of the good things that he did for Egypt. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '9', 'tf59', 'writing-participants', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֖אמֶר', '1', 'He said to his people', '“And the king said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '9', 'aku3', 'figs-exclamations', 'הִנֵּ֗ה', '1', '', 'Here, **behold** draws special attention to what is about to be said. Use a way of drawing people’s attention that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '9', 'x65i', 'figs-possession', 'עַמּ֑\u2060וֹ', '1', 'his people', 'The people are spoken of as if they belonged to the king. This is an instance of the possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '9', 't7s1', '', 'עַמּ֑\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'There is some ambiguity as to whom exactly Pharaoh was addressing. It could have been: 1) the people who lived in Egypt, the Egyptians or 2) some group of “his people” like his advisors, generals, nobles, or friends and family. Even if option 1 is meant, it is quite possible that he actually spoke to some smaller group of representatives, as in option 2.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '9', 'jik8', '', 'מִמֶּֽ\u2060נּוּ', '1', '', 'Use a way that is natural in your language to compare non-specific sizes of groups of people. Alternate translation: “more than we are”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '9', 'njuf', 'figs-quotemarks', 'הִנֵּ֗ה', '1', '', 'Beginning from **behold** to the end of [verse 10](../01/10.md) is a direct quote of what the king said. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '10', 'hiq4', 'figs-exclusive', 'נִֽתְחַכְּמָ֖ה…שֹׂ֣נְאֵ֔י\u2060נוּ…בָּ֖\u2060נוּ', '1', 'let us', 'The word **us** is inclusive and refers to the king and his people, the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '10', 'il4u', 'grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical', 'פֶּן־יִרְבֶּ֗ה וְ\u2060הָיָ֞ה כִּֽי־תִקְרֶ֤אנָה מִלְחָמָה֙', '1', '', 'The king suggests a combination of two hypothetical events: 1. There are even more Israelites, 2. There is a battle. These are followed by a series of undesirable consequences: 3. The Israelites join an enemy, 4. The Israelites attack the Egyptians, 5. The Israelites leave Egypt. While the series of consequences is also technically hypothetical, the king’s language indicates that if 1-2 happen, then 3-5 are certain. Use language that makes it clear that the first two events are hypothetical, and that the next three are consequences that could be expected if the first two events happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '10', 'jc1h', '', 'וְ\u2060עָלָ֥ה מִן־הָ\u2060אָֽרֶץ', '1', 'leave the land', '“and he leaves Egypt”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '10', 'ni77', 'figs-quotemarks', 'הָ\u2060אָֽרֶץ', '1', '', 'After this phrase, the direct quote of what the king said comes to an end. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '11', 'y2mi', '', 'שָׂרֵ֣י', '1', 'taskmasters', 'Egyptians whose job it was to force the Israelites to do hard work.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '11', 'o926', '', 'מִסִּ֔ים', '1', '', 'Here the plural means groups. Alternative translation: “work crews”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '11', 'l9lj', '', 'לְמַ֥עַן עַנֹּת֖\u2060וֹ בְּ\u2060סִבְלֹתָ֑\u2060ם', '1', 'to oppress them with hard labor', '“to force the Israelites to do hard work for the Egyptians”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '11', 'pkz4', 'translate-unknown', 'עָרֵ֤י מִסְכְּנוֹת֙', '1', 'store cities', 'These were places where the leaders put away food and other important things to keep them safe. Alternative translation: “cities in which to put away things to keep them safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '11', 'dy34', 'figs-possession', 'עָרֵ֤י מִסְכְּנוֹת֙', '1', '', 'The possessive is objective; storage of goods is what occurs in the cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '12', 'c1fy', 'grammar-connect-logic-contrast', 'וְ\u2060כַ\u2060אֲשֶׁר֙ יְעַנּ֣וּ אֹת֔\u2060וֹ כֵּ֥ן יִרְבֶּ֖ה וְ\u2060כֵ֣ן יִפְרֹ֑ץ', '1', '', 'This sentence expresses a result that is opposite of what the king expected. If your language has a way to express something happening that was opposite of what was expected, use that structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '12', 'pdfk', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'וַ\u2060יָּקֻ֕צוּ', '1', '', '“And they were afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '12', 'qgzz', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִ\u2060פְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל', '1', '', 'Here, **face** figuratively means the presence of a person. The phrase means that the Egyptians were afraid of the Israelites’ existence in the country. Alternate translation: “whenever they saw an Israelite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '13', 'j1q6', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'וַ\u2060יַּעֲבִ֧דוּ מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּ\u2060פָֽרֶךְ', '1', 'made…work rigorously', 'Here, **rigor** is a noun used to modify the verb **enslaved**. **Rigor** could refer either to how hard the work was or how unkindly the Egyptians treated the Israelites. Alternate translation: “And the Egyptians made the sons of Israel work very hard” or “And the Egyptians harshly made the sons of Israel work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '14', 'mx6v', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060יְמָרְר֨וּ', '1', 'made their lives bitter', 'The difficult lives of the Israelites are spoken of as if they were bitter food that was difficult to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '14', 'jre2', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'בַּ\u2060עֲבֹדָ֣ה קָשָׁ֗ה', '1', '', '**Slavery** is an abstract noun modified by **hard**. Alternative translation: “by making them work hard as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '14', 'cuq7', 'translate-unknown', 'בְּ\u2060חֹ֨מֶר֙', '1', 'mortar', 'This was a wet glue or mud put between bricks or stones that held them together when it dried. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '14', 'h5dx', 'translate-unknown', 'וּ\u2060בִ\u2060לְבֵנִ֔ים', '1', '', '**Bricks** are hardened rectangular blocks of mud, clay etc., used for building. (Source: Wiktionary) The clay or mud was hardened either in the sun or by heating it to higher temperatures in other ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '14', 'gzq7', '', 'אֵ֚ת כָּל־עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔\u2060ם אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֥וּ בָ\u2060הֶ֖ם בְּ\u2060פָֽרֶךְ׃', '1', 'All their required work was hard', '“the Egyptians made them work very hard” or “the Egyptians forced them to work very hard” See how you translated this in [verse 13](../01/13.md)']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '14', 'ct02', 'writing-participants', 'וַ\u2060יְמָרְר֨וּ…בָ\u2060הֶ֖ם', '1', '', 'These pronouns refer to the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '14', 'acj5', 'writing-participants', 'חַיֵּי\u2060הֶ֜ם…עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔\u2060ם…עָבְד֥וּ', '1', '', 'These pronouns refer to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '15', 'yoaj', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֨אמֶר֙', '1', '', 'This sentence introduces a new event in the story. If your language marks this with particular discourse features, apply them here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '15', 'hhw1', '', 'לַֽ\u2060מְיַלְּדֹ֖ת', '1', 'midwives', '**Midwives** were women who helped a pregnant woman give birth to a baby.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '15', 'h8f8', 'translate-names', 'שִׁפְרָ֔ה…פּוּעָֽה', '1', 'Shiphrah…Puah', 'These are Hebrew women’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '15', 'h59t', 'writing-participants', 'שִׁפְרָ֔ה…פּוּעָֽה', '1', '', 'The midwives are introduced here as new participants in the story. Use your language’s way to introduce new characters in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '16', 't8f5', '', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֗אמֶר', '1', '', 'In the UST, **And the king said**, is combined with “spoke” from [verse 15](../01/15.md), because the verb for “say” is used twice before he speaks. This may be strange in some languages. If it would be unnatural to say that the king spoke or said twice, you may leave one off.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '16', 'yovg', 'figs-quotemarks', 'בְּ\u2060יַלֶּדְ\u2060כֶן֙ אֶת־הָֽ\u2060עִבְרִיּ֔וֹת וּ\u2060רְאִיתֶ֖ן עַל־הָ\u2060אָבְנָ֑יִם אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַ\u2060הֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔\u2060וֹ וְ\u2060אִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖יא וָ\u2060חָֽיָה', '1', '', 'This is a direct quote of what the king said. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '16', 'zfcv', 'figs-youdual', 'בְּ\u2060יַלֶּדְ\u2060כֶן֙…וּ\u2060רְאִיתֶ֖ן…וַ\u2060הֲמִתֶּ֣ן', '1', '', 'The king is speaking to the two midwives, so the form of **you** is plural. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual or plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '16', 'h3mb', 'figs-metonymy', 'עַל־הָ\u2060אָבְנָ֑יִם', '1', 'on the birthstool', 'Women sat on this short stool as they gave birth. Therefore, it is associated with birth. Alternate translation: “as they give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '16', 'nms7', 'grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical', 'אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַ\u2060הֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔\u2060וֹ וְ\u2060אִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖יא וָ\u2060חָֽיָה', '1', '', 'These two statements are hypothetical conditions (starting at **if**) with instructions for what the midwives should do in each situation (starting at **then**). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '17', 'gy7k', 'grammar-connect-logic-contrast', 'וַ\u2060תִּירֶ֤אןָ', '1', '', 'Use a conjunction or other language structure that expresses contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '18', 'y9g5', '', 'לַֽ\u2060מְיַלְּדֹ֔ת', '1', 'midwives', 'These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:15](../01/15.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '18', 'qw7h', 'figs-quotemarks', 'מַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַ\u2060דָּבָ֣ר הַ\u2060זֶּ֑ה וַ\u2060תְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַ\u2060יְלָדִֽים', '1', '', 'This is a direct quote of the king’s question. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '18', 'y73k', 'figs-quotations', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֣אמֶר לָ\u2060הֶ֔ן מַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַ\u2060דָּבָ֣ר הַ\u2060זֶּ֑ה וַ\u2060תְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַ\u2060יְלָדִֽים', '1', '', 'This could be translated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “and he asked them why they were letting the sons live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '18', 'q1sy', '', 'מַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַ\u2060דָּבָ֣ר הַ\u2060זֶּ֑ה וַ\u2060תְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַ\u2060יְלָדִֽים', '1', 'Why have you done this, and let the baby boys live?', 'Alternate translation: “Why have you not killed the baby boys?”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '18', 'o97u', 'figs-youdual', 'עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן', '1', '', 'This **you** is plural. The king is speaking to the two midwives. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual or plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '19', 'ocgl', 'figs-quotemarks', 'כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַ\u2060נָּשִׁ֛ים הַ\u2060מִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽ\u2060עִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּ\u2060טֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵ\u2060הֶ֛ן הַ\u2060מְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְ\u2060יָלָֽדוּ', '1', '', 'This is a direct quote of the midwives’ response. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '19', 'qbvy', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַ\u2060נָּשִׁ֛ים הַ\u2060מִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽ\u2060עִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּ\u2060טֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵ\u2060הֶ֛ן הַ\u2060מְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְ\u2060יָלָֽדוּ', '1', '', 'The midwives give a reason, **the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women**, and then they expand on that reason, **for they are lively** (or energetic), with the result that **before the midwife comes to them, they have given birth.** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '19', 'cxu1', 'figs-synecdoche', 'וַ\u2060תֹּאמַ֤רְןָ הַֽ\u2060מְיַלְּדֹת֙', '1', '', 'It may not make sense in your language to say that multiple people said something, so you may need to translate it in the singular (see UST). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '19', 'wl8h', '', 'הַֽ\u2060מְיַלְּדֹת֙', '1', '', 'These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:15](../01/15.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '20', 'eh25', '', 'לַֽ\u2060מְיַלְּדֹ֑ת', '1', 'midwives', 'These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:15](../01/15.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '20', 'h133', 'figs-doublet', 'וַ\u2060יִּ֧רֶב הָ\u2060עָ֛ם וַ\u2060יַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ מְאֹֽד', '1', 'The people increased in numbers', 'These words mean similar things and are used together to emphasize their numeric growth. If your language doesn’t have as many words that mean the same thing, you can use fewer words and express the emphasis in another way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '20', 'eo1p', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וַ\u2060יֵּ֥יטֶב אֱלֹהִ֖ים לַֽ\u2060מְיַלְּדֹ֑ת', '1', '', 'This phrase is more logically connected to the statements in verse 21. It describes the result of the midwives fearing God with a general statement. You may need to rearrange vs 20-21 so that the reason (vs 21) comes before both the general and specific results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '21', 'de53', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וַ\u2060יְהִ֕י כִּֽי־יָֽרְא֥וּ הַֽ\u2060מְיַלְּדֹ֖ת אֶת־הָ\u2060אֱלֹהִ֑ים', '1', '', 'This is the reason for what God did. You may need to rearrange vs 20-21 so that the reason (vs 21) comes before both the general and specific results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '21', 'pbve', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וַ\u2060יַּ֥עַשׂ לָ\u2060הֶ֖ם בָּתִּֽים', '1', '', 'This describes the result of the midwives fearing God with a specific statement. You may need to rearrange vs 20-21 so that the reason (vs 21) comes before both the general and specific results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '21', 'jx9c', '', 'בָּתִּֽים', '1', 'he gave them families', '“households”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '22', 'ld1j', 'figs-explicit', 'כָּל־הַ\u2060בֵּ֣ן הַ\u2060יִּלּ֗וֹד הַ\u2060יְאֹ֨רָ\u2060ה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔\u2060הוּ', '1', 'You must throw every son…into the river', 'This order was given in order to drown the male children. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “You must dispose of each new baby boy in the river so he will drown” or “Drown each baby boy in the river when he is born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '22', 'a6b2', 'figs-quotations', 'וַ\u2060יְצַ֣ו פַּרְעֹ֔ה לְ\u2060כָל־עַמּ֖\u2060וֹ לֵ\u2060אמֹ֑ר כָּל־הַ\u2060בֵּ֣ן הַ\u2060יִּלּ֗וֹד הַ\u2060יְאֹ֨רָ\u2060ה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔\u2060הוּ וְ\u2060כָל־הַ\u2060בַּ֖ת תְּחַיּֽוּ\u2060ן', '1', '', 'From **You shall** to the end of the verse is a direct quote of Pharaoh’s speech. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. However, it could be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “And Pharaoh commanded all of his people to throw every baby boy into the river, but to let every girl live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '1', '22', 'stag', 'figs-youdual', 'תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔\u2060הוּ…תְּחַיּֽוּ\u2060ן', '1', '', 'The uses of the word **you** here refer to all the Egyptians. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', 'intro', 'rwf3', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 02 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Covenant
God begins to relate to the Israelites based on his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
### Moses’ heritage
In the first part of this chapter, Pharaoh’s daughter recognizes Moses as being a Hebrew, but in the last part of this chapter, the Midianites believe him to be an Egyptian.
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Identification of participants
- Moses is the only participant named in most of this chapter. This is because many of the participants play very minor roles and because this part of the story is focusing on Moses’ life.
### Ironic situations
- While Pharaoh tried to diminish the power of the Israelites by killing all of their baby boys, God used Pharaoh’s own daughter to save Moses.
- Moses believes he is meant to be the rescuer of his people, but they reject him. Ultimately, Moses was correct, but God had not yet sent him for that mission.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '1', 'wvj9', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יֵּ֥לֶךְ', '1', 'Now', 'A new scene begins here; that may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '1', 'riy7', 'writing-participants', 'אִ֖ישׁ…בַּת', '1', '', 'These are new participants. They remain unnamed until [Exodus 6:20](../06/20.md) where they are identified as Amram and Jochebed. For now it is best to leave them unnamed in your language, if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '1', 'mp7m', 'figs-idiom', 'וַ\u2060יִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־בַּת־לֵוִֽי', '1', '', 'This is an idiom for marrying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '2', 's49k', '', 'ט֣וֹב', '1', '', 'Alternative translations: “pleasing,” “fine,” or “healthy” (UST)']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '2', 'q4c0', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וַ\u2060תֵּ֤רֶא…וַֽ\u2060תִּצְפְּנֵ֖\u2060הוּ', '1', '', 'Hiding the boy was a result of seeing that he was good. Alternative translation: “Since she saw … she hid him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '2', 'j2es', 'translate-numbers', 'שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה', '1', '', '3 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '3', 't2gj', 'translate-unknown', 'תֵּ֣בַת גֹּ֔מֶא', '1', 'papyrus basket', 'This is a basket made from a tall grass that grows by the Nile River in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '3', 'tn3y', 'figs-explicit', 'וַ\u2060תַּחְמְרָ֥\u2060ה בַ\u2060חֵמָ֖ר וּ\u2060בַ\u2060זָּ֑פֶת', '1', 'sealed it with bitumen and pitch', 'You could explicitly state that this was to keep out water. Alternate translation: “spread tar on it to keep water from getting into it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '3', 'wpb6', 'translate-unknown', 'וַ\u2060תַּחְמְרָ֥\u2060ה', '1', 'sealed', 'This means that she applied a waterproof coating. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '3', 'ym3k', 'translate-unknown', 'בַ\u2060חֵמָ֖ר', '1', 'bitumen', 'This is a sticky black paste made from petroleum. It can be used to keep out water. Alternate translation: “with tar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '3', 'v825', 'translate-unknown', 'וּ\u2060בַ\u2060זָּ֑פֶת', '1', 'pitch', 'This is a sticky brown or black paste that can be made from tree sap or from petroleum. Therefore, **pitch** would include not only bitumen but also plant-based resins. It too can be used to keep out water. Alternate translation: “and with tar” or “and with resin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '3', 'y8gq', 'translate-unknown', 'בַּ\u2060סּ֖וּף', '1', 'reeds', 'These **reeds** were a type of tall grass that grew in flat, wet areas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '4', 'av8b', '', 'וַ\u2060תֵּתַצַּ֥ב אֲחֹת֖\u2060וֹ מֵ\u2060רָחֹ֑ק', '1', 'at a distance', 'This means she stood far enough away so that she would not be noticed, but close enough to see the ark. Use a word that expresses this sort of distance in your language.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '4', 'uf14', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'מֵ\u2060רָחֹ֑ק', '1', '', 'This probably means somewhere in the reeds where she could see the basket, but no one would see her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '4', 'ruvb', 'translate-kinship', 'אֲחֹת֖\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'Here, theactions of **his sister** show that she is older. If your languages uses a different term for siblings based on their relative ages and/or the gender of the siblings use one that means “a boy’s older sister.” See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])
']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '4', 'z1cy', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'לְ\u2060דֵעָ֕ה מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה לֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'This is her purpose in being close by. Alternative translation: “in order to learn what would happen to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '5', 'm3i0', 'figs-go', 'וַ\u2060תֵּ֤רֶד', '1', '', '**Came down** may be literal or figurative, as important places are often considered to be in a higher place. This means she came from her home, probably Pharaoh’s palace. If a perspective is required for Pharaoh’s daughter, you may choose go or come as works best in your language. “Come” is better as the scene is at the river and she comes to the scene location. However, you also need to consider your language’s way of introducing new participants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '5', 'y26h', 'writing-participants', 'וַ\u2060תֵּ֤רֶד בַּת־פַּרְעֹה֙', '1', '', 'The **daughter of Pharaoh** is introduced here as a new participant. Along with choosing come or go as mentioned in the previous note, you may need to mark her introduction in a particular way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '5', 'jjke', 'writing-participants', 'וְ\u2060נַעֲרֹתֶ֥י\u2060הָ', '1', '', 'These women are introduced here as new participants; however they are not mentioned again after this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '5', 'im0d', 'figs-metaphor', 'עַל־יַ֣ד הַ\u2060יְאֹ֑ר', '1', '', '**Hand** is a metaphor for “side,” which in this case can be translated as the shore or bank (UST) of the river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '5', 'bi7s', '', 'וְ\u2060נַעֲרֹתֶ֥י\u2060הָ', '1', 'her attendants', 'These were the young women whose job it was to be with her and make sure nothing bad happened to her.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '5', 'am7g', 'writing-participants', 'וַ\u2060תִּקָּחֶֽ\u2060הָ', '1', '', 'It is not clear who is meant by **she** here, either Pharaoh’s daughter or the servant. It is likely that Pharaoh’s daughter stays the subject. Alternative translation: “and she took the ark from her slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '6', 'g9n6', 'figs-exclamations', 'וְ\u2060הִנֵּה', '1', 'Behold', 'The word **behold** signals the surprising information that follows. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '6', 'tyub', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וַ\u2060תַּחְמֹ֣ל עָלָ֔י\u2060ו', '1', '', 'The text does not state exactly what caused her to have compassion on the baby. If a reason must be provided in your language it should be connected to either his crying (this is the better option) or that he was a “good” baby [verse 2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '6', 'jg0d', 'figs-quotemarks', 'מִ\u2060יַּלְדֵ֥י הָֽ\u2060עִבְרִ֖ים זֶֽה', '1', '', 'This is a direct quote. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. It seems to have been said loud enough for the baby’s sister to hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '7', 'rnpl', 'figs-quotemarks', 'וְ\u2060קָרָ֤אתִי לָ\u2060ךְ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה מֵינֶ֔קֶת מִ֖ן הָ\u2060עִבְרִיֹּ֑ת וְ\u2060תֵינִ֥ק לָ֖\u2060ךְ אֶת־הַ\u2060יָּֽלֶד', '1', '', 'This is a direct quote of the baby’s sister. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '7', 'x5ja', '', 'וְ\u2060קָרָ֤אתִי לָ\u2060ךְ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה מֵינֶ֔קֶת מִ֖ן הָ\u2060עִבְרִיֹּ֑ת', '1', '', 'This is a suggestive question. The child’s sister is hopeful that Pharaoh’s daughter does not have a plan yet for the baby beyond saving his life. However, it is still a true question, for without Pharaoh’s daughter’s permission, the child’s sister will not be able to fetch the woman. If your language has a way of forming questions that are also suggestions, use it here.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '7', 'psb2', 'figs-possession', 'אֲחֹת\u2060וֹ֮…בַּת־פַּרְעֹה֒', '1', '', 'These are both the possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '7', 'd7aj', '', 'מֵינֶ֔קֶת…וְ\u2060תֵינִ֥ק', '1', 'nurse', '**To nurse** means to feed with milk from the breast.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '7', 'tqq9', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'וְ\u2060תֵינִ֥ק לָ֖\u2060ךְ אֶת־הַ\u2060יָּֽלֶד', '1', '', 'This is the purpose of the sister’s proposal. Alternative translation: “And she could nurse the infant for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '8', 'ab1m', 'figs-go', 'לֵ֑כִי…וַ\u2060תֵּ֨לֶךְ֙', '1', '', 'The girl left Pharaoh’s daughter to go to the child’s mother. The girl was almost certainly on foot. Use verbs of motion that express this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '8', 'd007', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לֵ֑כִי', '1', '', 'This is a direct quote. Pharaoh’s daughter commands the baby’s sister. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '8', 'lyyj', 'figs-possession', 'בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֖ה…אֵ֥ם הַ\u2060יָּֽלֶד', '1', '', 'These are both the possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '9', 'lmko', 'figs-possession', 'בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֗ה', '1', '', 'This is the possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '9', 'u554', 'writing-participants', 'לָ֣\u2060הּ', '1', '', 'The child’s mother is reintroduced as a participant. Alternative translation: “to the baby’s mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '9', 'xp5x', 'figs-quotemarks', 'הֵילִ֜יכִי אֶת־הַ\u2060יֶּ֤לֶד הַ\u2060זֶּה֙ וְ\u2060הֵינִקִ֣\u2060הוּ לִ֔\u2060י וַ\u2060אֲנִ֖י אֶתֵּ֣ן אֶת־שְׂכָרֵ֑\u2060ךְ', '1', '', 'This is a direct quote. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '9', 'mogg', '', 'שְׂכָרֵ֑\u2060ךְ', '1', '', 'This refers to payment that Pharaoh’s daughter would give to the mother in exchange for her service of nursing the baby.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '9', 'hqsa', 'figs-explicit', 'וַ\u2060תִּקַּ֧ח…וַ\u2060תְּנִיקֵֽ\u2060הוּ', '1', '', 'The mother’s acceptance of the deal is implied. You could make it explicit, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '10', 'zj8h', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'וַ\u2060יִגְדַּ֣ל הַ\u2060יֶּ֗לֶד וַ\u2060תְּבִאֵ֨\u2060הוּ֙', '1', 'she brought him', 'An unspecified amount of time is designated by this. He would have stayed with his mother at least until he was weaned (no longer drinking his mother’s milk). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '10', 'ta4r', 'figs-possession', 'לְ\u2060בַת־פַּרְעֹ֔ה', '1', '', 'This is the possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '10', 'j7n1', '', 'וַֽ\u2060יְהִי־לָ֖\u2060הּ לְ\u2060בֵ֑ן', '1', 'he became her son', '“and he became the adopted son of Pharaoh’s daughter”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '10', 'h7to', 'grammar-connect-time-simultaneous', 'וַֽ\u2060יְהִי־לָ֖\u2060הּ לְ\u2060בֵ֑ן וַ\u2060תִּקְרָ֤א שְׁמ\u2060וֹ֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה', '1', '', 'These events were likely simultaneous, because her act of naming him may have been what made him become **as a son to her**. Consider using a conjunction that does not make a great separtion between these events. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '10', 'nh2m', '', 'מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַ\u2060תֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֥י מִן־הַ\u2060מַּ֖יִם מְשִׁיתִֽ\u2060הוּ', '1', 'Because I drew him from the water', 'Translators may add a footnote that says, “The name Moses sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘draw out.’”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '10', 'ityq', 'figs-quotations', 'וַ\u2060תֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֥י מִן־הַ\u2060מַּ֖יִם מְשִׁיתִֽ\u2060הוּ', '1', '', 'This is a direct quote. It could be stated indirectly. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. Alternate translation: “because she said she draw him out of the water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '10', 'yax4', 'translate-names', 'מֹשֶׁ֔ה', '1', 'drew him', '**Moses** - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '11', 'tyol', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'וַ\u2060יְהִ֣י ׀ בַּ\u2060יָּמִ֣ים הָ\u2060הֵ֗ם וַ\u2060יִּגְדַּ֤ל מֹשֶׁה֙ וַ\u2060יֵּצֵ֣א', '1', '', 'A significant amount of time has passed; later texts state that Moses was 40 years old at this point. Alternative translation: “Many years later, once Moses was grown, he went out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '11', 'p7gx', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יְהִ֣י ׀ בַּ\u2060יָּמִ֣ים הָ\u2060הֵ֗', '1', '', 'This introduces a new event in the story. In your language, use a phrase that indicates a new event occurring after significant time has passed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '11', 'uy39', 'figs-go', 'וַ\u2060יֵּצֵ֣א', '1', '', 'The UST supplies a probable location that he **went out** from; it could also have been simply out from the Egyptian area or out to the work area or cities. Use go or come as appropriate in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '11', 'swn3', '', 'מַכֶּ֥ה אִישׁ־עִבְרִ֖י', '1', 'striking a Hebrew', '“hitting a Hebrew” or “beating a Hebrew”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '12', 'm9bn', 'figs-merism', 'וַ\u2060יִּ֤פֶן כֹּה֙ וָ\u2060כֹ֔ה', '1', 'He looked this way and that way', 'These two opposite directions have the combined meaning of “everywhere.” Alternate translation: “He looked all around” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '12', 'rmgn', 'figs-metonymy', 'וַ\u2060יַּךְ֙', '1', '', 'The context makes clear that Moses struck the Egyptian hard enough or repeatedly until Moses killed him. Consider using a word that indicates a deadly blow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '13', 'qn45', 'figs-go', 'וַ\u2060יֵּצֵא֙', '1', 'He went out', 'See how you translated this in [Exodus 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '13', 'wqrm', 'translate-ordinal', 'הַ\u2060שֵּׁנִ֔י', '1', '', 'The ordinal number here could mean “the next day” (UST) or simply on some day following the events of the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '13', 'rgn1', 'figs-exclamations', 'וְ\u2060הִנֵּ֛ה', '1', 'behold', 'Here, **behold** shows that Moses was surprised by what he saw. You can use a word in your language that will give this meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '13', 'i4d6', '', 'לָֽ\u2060רָשָׁ֔ע', '1', 'the one who was in the wrong', 'Based on Moses’s question, this means the aggressor or the man wrongfully attacking his neighbor. Alternate translation: “the man who was guilty of starting the fight”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '13', 'duob', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לָ֥\u2060מָּה תַכֶּ֖ה רֵעֶֽ\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '14', 'qb2n', 'figs-rquestion', 'מִ֣י שָֽׂמְ\u2060ךָ֞ לְ\u2060אִ֨ישׁ שַׂ֤ר וְ\u2060שֹׁפֵט֙ עָלֵ֔י\u2060נוּ', '1', 'Who made you a leader and judge over us?', 'The man used this question to rebuke Moses for intervening in the fight. Alternate translation: “You are not our leader and have no right to judge us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '14', 'afne', 'figs-quotemarks', 'מִ֣י שָֽׂמְ\u2060ךָ֞ לְ\u2060אִ֨ישׁ שַׂ֤ר וְ\u2060שֹׁפֵט֙ עָלֵ֔י\u2060נוּ הַ\u2060לְ\u2060הָרְגֵ֨\u2060נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר כַּ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרַ֖גְתָּ אֶת־הַ\u2060מִּצְרִ֑י', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '14', 'k6s5', 'figs-irony', 'הַ\u2060לְ\u2060הָרְגֵ֨\u2060נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר כַּ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרַ֖גְתָּ אֶת־הַ\u2060מִּצְרִ֑י', '1', 'Are you planning to kill me as you killed that Egyptian?', 'The man used a question here to be sarcastic. Alternate translation: “We know that you killed an Egyptian yesterday. You had better not kill me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '14', 'l62d', 'figs-rquestion', 'הַ\u2060לְ\u2060הָרְגֵ֨\u2060נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר כַּ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרַ֖גְתָּ אֶת־הַ\u2060מִּצְרִ֑י', '1', '', 'The man asks a question that is intended to make a statement. Alternate translation: “Do you think you can kill me without anyone finding out? We know what you did to the Egyptian” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '14', 'd2ja', '', 'הַ\u2060לְ\u2060הָרְגֵ֨\u2060נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר', '1', '', '“Are you planning to kill me” or “Are you threatening to kill me”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '14', 'lyqh', 'figs-aside', 'אָכֵ֖ן נוֹדַ֥ע הַ\u2060דָּבָֽר', '1', '', 'It is likely this is something Moses said to himself, that is, he thought it to himself rather than speaking to the men in front of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-aside]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '14', 'vfw5', 'figs-quotations', 'וַ\u2060יֹּאמַ֔ר אָכֵ֖ן נוֹדַ֥ע הַ\u2060דָּבָֽר', '1', '', 'It may be clearer to present as an indirect quotation what was likely a thought Moses had. Alternative translation (as indirect quotation): “because he thought that everyone knew what he had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '15', 'yutr', '', 'וַ\u2060יְבַקֵּ֖שׁ לַ\u2060הֲרֹ֣ג אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֑ה', '1', '', 'Pharaoh most likely delegated this task. Alternative translation: “and he sought to have Moses killed” (note that the passive form will not work in every language), see UST']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '15', 'l5rc', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִ\u2060פְּנֵ֣י', '1', '', 'His **face** means his presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '15', 'otsl', '', 'וַ\u2060יֵּ֥שֶׁב…וַ\u2060יֵּ֥שֶׁב', '1', '', 'These are the same verb. There are three possible interpretations: 1. Moses lived in Midian. He sat by this well one day. This may have been the well for the town he lived in. 2. Moses lived in Midian. His home was by this well. 3. Moses was a wanderer. He was in Midian and sat by this well when the next event occurred.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '16', 'shg5', 'writing-background', 'וּ\u2060לְ\u2060כֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת', '1', 'Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters', 'This sentence is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '16', 'pjzc', 'writing-newevent', 'וּ\u2060לְ\u2060כֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת', '1', '', 'This sentence is used to mark a transition. However, the last clause of the previous verse (“and he sat down by a well”) seems to be related to this new scene so you may want to make your transition there as is done in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '16', 'cfe5', 'writing-participants', 'שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת וַ\u2060תָּבֹ֣אנָה', '1', '', 'The **daughters** are new participants. Indicate that in a way that is natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '16', 'sm8f', 'figs-go', 'וַ\u2060תָּבֹ֣אנָה', '1', '', 'The perspective of the narrative is set at the well. The daughters came from elsewhere to the well. They were probably on foot. Here each language will need to choose the appropriate word. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '16', 'v5yk', 'figs-possession', 'וּ\u2060לְ\u2060כֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת', '1', '', 'This is the possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '16', 'esdm', 'translate-numbers', 'שֶׁ֣בַע', '1', '', '7 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '16', 'i2jh', '', 'וַ\u2060תִּדְלֶ֗נָה', '1', 'drew water', 'This means that they brought up water from a well.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '16', 'g1e6', 'translate-unknown', 'הָ֣\u2060רְהָטִ֔ים', '1', 'troughs', 'These were a long, narrow, open containers for animals to eat or drink out of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '16', 'p3uo', 'figs-possession', 'צֹ֥אן אֲבִי\u2060הֶֽן', '1', '', 'There are two possessives here: 1) **their father** is the possessive of social relationship; 2) **the flock of … father** is the possessive of ownership. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '17', 'k5yc', 'figs-go', 'וַ\u2060יָּבֹ֥אוּ', '1', '', 'A group of men came. They may not have been far away before coming and driving the women away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '17', 'zksv', 'writing-participants', 'הָ\u2060רֹעִ֖ים', '1', '', 'These are new, very brief, participants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '17', 'z17m', 'grammar-connect-logic-contrast', 'וַ\u2060יָּ֤קָם', '1', 'helped them', 'Use an expression that communicates that what Moses did was unexpected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '18', 'omzv', 'figs-go', 'וַ\u2060תָּבֹ֕אנָה', '1', '', 'The daughters came from the well to their father, probably on foot. You can use come or go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '18', 't78y', 'translate-names', 'רְעוּאֵ֖ל', '1', '', '**Reuel**, a name or perhaps a title, is used of the man only here and in Numbers 10:29. He is otherwise called “Jethro.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '18', 'juqu', 'writing-participants', 'רְעוּאֵ֖ל', '1', '', 'The priest of Midian was mentioned in [v. 16](../02/16.md) in a background statement but is a new participant starting here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '18', 'tiqh', 'figs-possession', 'אֲבִי\u2060הֶ֑ן', '1', '', 'This is a possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '18', 'lukb', 'figs-quotations', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֕אמֶר מַדּ֛וּעַ מִהַרְתֶּ֥ן בֹּ֖א הַ\u2060יּֽוֹם', '1', '', 'This is a direct quote. You could use an indirect quotation such as “and he asked how they were able to return so quickly that day.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '18', 'hq6y', 'figs-go', 'בֹּ֖א', '1', '', 'Alternative translation: “in returning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '19', 'r01g', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י הִצִּילָ֖\u2060נוּ מִ\u2060יַּ֣ד הָ\u2060רֹעִ֑ים וְ\u2060גַם־דָּלֹ֤ה דָלָה֙ לָ֔\u2060נוּ וַ\u2060יַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־הַ\u2060צֹּֽאן', '1', '', 'This is a direct quote. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '19', 'w57e', '', 'אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י', '1', '', 'Jethro’s daughters assume Moses was Egyptian. When you translate it, you should be clear that this refers to Moses.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '19', 'hvb4', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִ\u2060יַּ֣ד', '1', '', '**Hand** figuratively refers to the power, control, or actions of the shepherds.Alternative translation: “from the strength of” or “from the harm of” or see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '19', 'a7v2', 'figs-idiom', 'דָּלֹ֤ה דָלָה֙', '1', '', 'The repeated word expresses surprise or emphasizes the magnitude of Moses’ act of kindness to the women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '20', 'x73j', 'figs-possession', 'בְּנֹתָ֖י\u2060ו', '1', '', 'This is a possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '20', 'x9yb', 'figs-rquestion', 'וְ\u2060אַיּ֑\u2060וֹ לָ֤\u2060מָּה זֶּה֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ן אֶת־הָ\u2060אִ֔ישׁ', '1', 'Why did you leave the man?', 'These questions are a mild rebuke to the daughters for not inviting Moses into their home according to the normal hospitality of that culture. Alternate translation: “You should not have left this man at the well!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '20', 'p6xh', 'figs-quotemarks', 'וְ\u2060אַיּ֑\u2060וֹ לָ֤\u2060מָּה זֶּה֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ן אֶת־הָ\u2060אִ֔ישׁ קִרְאֶ֥ן ל֖\u2060וֹ וְ\u2060יֹ֥אכַל לָֽחֶם׃', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '20', 'mb8w', 'writing-participants', 'ל֖\u2060וֹ', '1', '', '**Him** refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '20', 'hal8', 'figs-synecdoche', 'לָֽחֶם', '1', '', '**Bread** is used to refer to food in general. Alternative translation: “food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '21', 'zvr1', '', 'וַ\u2060יּ֥וֹאֶל מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָ\u2060שֶׁ֣בֶת אֶת־הָ\u2060אִ֑ישׁ', '1', 'Moses agreed to stay with the man', '“Moses agreed to live with Reuel”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '21', 'y3q7', 'translate-names', 'צִפֹּרָ֥ה', '1', 'Zipporah', '**Zipporah** is Reuel’s (Jethro’s) daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '21', 'qi5p', 'figs-possession', 'בִתּ֖\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'This is a possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '22', 'l3xg', 'figs-quotemarks', 'גֵּ֣ר הָיִ֔יתִי בְּ\u2060אֶ֖רֶץ נָכְרִיָּֽה', '1', '', 'Only this portion is a quotation. As a possibility for clarity, the UST includes both speech events as one quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '22', 'n5b1', 'translate-names', 'גֵּרְשֹׁ֑ם', '1', 'Gershom', 'This is Moses’ son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '22', 'f76m', 'translate-names', 'גֵּרְשֹׁ֑ם', '1', '', 'His name, **Gershom**, sounds somewhat like the Hebrew for “a stranger here.” You may consider using a footnote to explain that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '22', 'q7d8', '', 'גֵּ֣ר הָיִ֔יתִי בְּ\u2060אֶ֖רֶץ נָכְרִיָּֽה', '1', 'resident in a foreign land', '“stranger in a foreign land”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '23', 'fjkt', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יְהִי֩ בַ\u2060יָּמִ֨ים הָֽ\u2060רַבִּ֜ים הָ\u2060הֵ֗ם', '1', '', 'This introduces a new section and series of events. A large amount of time went by. According to Stephen’s sermon in Acts 7:30, Moses was in Midian 40 years. Alternative translation: “This is what happened during the many days Moses was in Midian.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '23', 'ym88', 'writing-background', 'וַ\u2060יְהִי֩ בַ\u2060יָּמִ֨ים הָֽ\u2060רַבִּ֜ים הָ\u2060הֵ֗ם', '1', '', 'Verses 23-25 give a summary of what happened in Egypt and with the Israelites and God while Moses was in exile. These verses give background information to set the scene. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '23', 'csg2', '', 'וַ\u2060יֵּאָנְח֧וּ', '1', 'groaned', 'They **groaned** because of their sorrow and misery. Alternate translation: “sighed deeply”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '23', 'x84a', 'figs-personification', 'וַ\u2060תַּ֧עַל שַׁוְעָתָ֛\u2060ם', '1', 'their pleas went up to God', 'The cries of the Israelites are spoken of as if they were a person and were able to travel up to where God is. Alternate translation: “and their cries arose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '2', '24', 'sja4', 'figs-idiom', 'וַ\u2060יִּזְכֹּ֤ר אֱלֹהִים֙', '1', 'God called to mind his covenant', 'This was a customary way of saying that God thought about what He had promised. Alternate translation: “and God recalled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', 'intro', 'n6ze', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 03 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter records one of the most important events in the history of the Israelite people: the revelation of the name Yahweh at the burning bush. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### God’s holiness
God is so holy that people could not look upon him without dying. This is why Moses covered his eyes. It is also why he took off his shoes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
### Yahweh
The name Yahweh is sacred in the Hebrew religion. It is the personal name of God, which he revealed to Moses. It is by this name that he is known. Yahweh means “I am.” Some translations use all capitals to set this apart, “I AM.” Great care must be taken in translating the phrase “I am that I am.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]])
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Participants
“The angel of Yahweh,” “Yahweh,” and “God” all appear to be speaking to Moses and interacting with him from the burning bush. Furthermore, God says that his name is “I AM.” (See note above on Yahweh and I AM.) Yahweh and God are the same while there is speculation about who the angel of Yahweh is.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '1', 'gqvh', 'writing-newevent', 'וּ\u2060מֹשֶׁ֗ה הָיָ֥ה רֹעֶ֛ה', '1', '', 'This phrase brings the story focus back to Midian and Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '1', 'oqcr', 'writing-background', 'וּ\u2060מֹשֶׁ֗ה הָיָ֥ה רֹעֶ֛ה אֶת־צֹ֛אן יִתְר֥וֹ חֹתְנ֖\u2060וֹ כֹּהֵ֣ן מִדְיָ֑ן וַ\u2060יִּנְהַ֤ג אֶת־הַ\u2060צֹּאן֙ אַחַ֣ר הַ\u2060מִּדְבָּ֔ר וַ\u2060יָּבֹ֛א אֶל־הַ֥ר הָ\u2060אֱלֹהִ֖ים חֹרֵֽבָ\u2060ה׃', '1', '', 'Verse 1 provides immediate background context, setting the scene for Moses’ interaction with Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '1', 'jv7b', 'figs-possession', 'צֹ֛אן יִתְר֥וֹ', '1', '', 'This is an ownership possessive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '1', 'w1nt', 'figs-possession', 'חֹתְנ֖\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'This is a possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '1', 'l7x6', 'figs-possession', 'כֹּהֵ֣ן מִדְיָ֑ן', '1', '', 'This is a possessive of social relationship. Jethro is a priest who serves the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '1', 'v97t', 'figs-go', 'וַ\u2060יָּבֹ֛א אֶל', '1', '', '“and he arrived at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '1', 'p27s', 'figs-possession', 'הַ֥ר הָ\u2060אֱלֹהִ֖ים', '1', '', 'This is an associative possessive. This mountain was associated with God in some way. In [Exodus 3:12](../03/12.md) God tells Moses that he and the Israelites will serve him on this mountain. Later in the story, this promise is fulfilled, and it is where God makes his covenant with Israel and gives them the 10 Commandments. So it may have been called the mountain of God in retrospect (as Moses probably wrote this book sometime after the Israelites were wandering in the wilderness). However, it is possible that the mountain was already associated with God’s presence or worship somehow before Moses went there with the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '2', 'p0nt', '', 'וַ֠\u2060יֵּרָא מַלְאַ֨ךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה אֵלָ֛י\u2060ו בְּ\u2060לַבַּת־אֵ֖שׁ מִ\u2060תּ֣וֹךְ הַ\u2060סְּנֶ֑ה', '1', '', 'This is a summary of what happened. The next few verses tell the story of how this happened and how Moses discovered what was happening.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '2', 'x5ci', '', 'יְהֹוָ֥ה', '1', 'Yahweh', 'This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '2', 'd3tf', 'grammar-connect-logic-contrast', 'וְ\u2060הִנֵּ֤ה הַ\u2060סְּנֶה֙ בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּ\u2060אֵ֔שׁ וְ\u2060הַ\u2060סְּנֶ֖ה אֵינֶ֥\u2060נּוּ אֻכָּֽל', '1', 'behold', 'The word **behold** here shows that Moses saw something that was very different from what he expected. He expected the bush to be burnt up completely by the fire. Consider using an interjection in your language that expresses that the next thing is a surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '2', 'jmz0', 'figs-metonymy', 'אֻכָּֽל', '1', '', '**Being consumed** means being eaten completely until gone. In the case of fire, this is a metonym for burning completely until gone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '3', 'fpww', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אָסֻֽרָה־נָּ֣א וְ\u2060אֶרְאֶ֔ה אֶת־הַ\u2060מַּרְאֶ֥ה הַ\u2060גָּדֹ֖ל הַ\u2060זֶּ֑ה מַדּ֖וּעַ לֹא־יִבְעַ֥ר הַ\u2060סְּנֶֽה', '1', '', 'This is a direct quote. It’s not specified who Moses spoke to; he may have been alone or with a group of shepherds or his family. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '4', 'ue8v', 'writing-participants', 'יְהוָ֖ה…אֱלֹהִ֜ים', '1', '', 'These terms both refer to the same being since God’s name is Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '5', 'jg97', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אַל־תִּקְרַ֣ב הֲלֹ֑ם שַׁל־נְעָלֶ֨י\u2060ךָ֙ מֵ\u2060עַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔י\u2060ךָ כִּ֣י הַ\u2060מָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עוֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔י\u2060ו אַדְמַת־קֹ֖דֶשׁ הֽוּא', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '5', 'prv9', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'כִּ֣י הַ\u2060מָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עוֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔י\u2060ו אַדְמַת־קֹ֖דֶשׁ הֽוּא', '1', 'set apart', 'This is the reason Moses must stop coming close to the burning bush and take off his sandals. Your language may need to put the reason before the commands, as in, “The place on which you are standing, it is holy ground, so you must not come close to here. Take your sandals off from on your feet.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '6', 'sxk8', '', 'אָנֹכִי֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אָבִ֔י\u2060ךָ אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵ\u2060אלֹהֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֑ב', '1', 'the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob', 'All of these men worshiped the same God. Alternate translation: “the God of your father, of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '6', 'fgym', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אָנֹכִי֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אָבִ֔י\u2060ךָ אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵ\u2060אלֹהֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֑ב', '1', '', 'This a direct quotation. The UST continues the quotation from verse 5 rather than including an additional “he said.” This may be more natural in some languages. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '6', 'l5sy', '', 'אָבִ֔י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'your father', 'Possible meanings are (1) “your ancestor” or (2) “your father.” If it means “your ancestor,” then the phrases following it clarify who “your father” refers to: it refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. If it means “your father,” then it refers to Moses’s own father. It most cases it will be best to translate it as “your father,” i.e. Amram, Moses’s father.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '6', 'lfbb', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וַ\u2060יַּסְתֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ פָּנָ֔י\u2060ו כִּ֣י יָרֵ֔א מֵ\u2060הַבִּ֖יט אֶל־הָ\u2060אֱלֹהִֽים', '1', '', 'Reason: **for he was afraid from staring toward God** Result: **And Moses hid his face** Some languages may need to put the reason before the result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]] and [Exodus 33:20](../33/20.md))']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '7', 'nl33', 'figs-quotemarks', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה', '1', '', 'After this phrase a direct quote begins that continues through the end of [verse 10](../03/10.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '7', 'xoz0', 'figs-idiom', 'רָאֹ֥ה רָאִ֛יתִי', '1', '', 'The repetition of **see** expresses the intensity, certainty, or clarity of Yahweh’s seeing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '7', 'tpk0', 'figs-possession', 'אֶת־עֳנִ֥י עַמִּ֖\u2060י', '1', '', 'There are two possessives here. 1) “affliction of … people”: This is an event-related possessive where the people are the objects of affliction. They are treated badly as slaves. 2) “my people”: This one is more difficult as it involves both ownership and the possessive of social relationship. God views his people as his possession, and he is also in relationship with them as their God because they are descended from Abraham, though at this time they may not know God as theirs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '7', 'p3tx', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִ\u2060פְּנֵ֣י נֹֽגְשָׂ֔י\u2060ו', '1', '', '**Faces** refers to the whole person or the presence of the person(s) who were oppressing the Israelites. If this image is used in your language, you may translate it. If a similar image is used, you may consider using it. If neither is the case, you may omit the word “face” and translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '7', 'xx7r', '', 'נֹֽגְשָׂ֔י\u2060ו', '1', 'taskmasters', '“his oppressors”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '7', 'ofxt', '', 'כִּ֥י', '1', '', 'The conjunction is probably functioning modally here, intensifying the expression of Yahweh’s knowledge. Your translation should express Yahweh’s knowing with certainty or strength.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '7', 'mfn2', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'נֹֽגְשָׂ֔י\u2060ו…מַכְאֹבָֽי\u2060ו', '1', '', 'These pronouns, **him** and **his**, refer to the Israelites as a group in the singular. They agree with “people” as a collective noun in [3:6](../03/06.md). Some languages may have to use plural pronouns. Others may have to match the pronoun’s gender to the grammatical gender of the word for “people” in their language. If necessary, change “him” to “them” or change “his” to “hers” or “its” (depending on grammatical gender of “people”.) Alternate translation: “those who oppress them…their anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '7', 'hkcj', 'figs-possession', 'מַכְאֹבָֽי\u2060ו', '1', '', 'This is an event-related possessive where the people (as a group: **his**) are the subjects of anguish. Your translation should express that they are in deep mental and emotional distress (anguish). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '7', 'ui28', 'figs-explicit', 'מַכְאֹבָֽי\u2060ו', '1', '', 'It is implied that they are in deep mental and emotional distress (anguish) because they are treated badly as slaves. You may make this explicit. Alternate translation: “his anguish from his slavery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '8', 'a1yv', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וָ\u2060אֵרֵ֞ד לְ\u2060הַצִּיל֣\u2060וֹ׀ מִ\u2060יַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֗יִם וּֽ\u2060לְ\u2060הַעֲלֹת\u2060וֹ֮ מִן־הָ\u2060אָ֣רֶץ הַ\u2060הִוא֒ אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ טוֹבָה֙ וּ\u2060רְחָבָ֔ה אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ\u2060דְבָ֑שׁ אֶל־מְק֤וֹם הַֽ\u2060כְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְ\u2060הַ֣\u2060חִתִּ֔י וְ\u2060הָֽ\u2060אֱמֹרִי֙ וְ\u2060הַ\u2060פְּרִזִּ֔י וְ\u2060הַ\u2060חִוִּ֖י וְ\u2060הַ\u2060יְבוּסִֽי׃', '1', '', 'Verse 8 contains God’s intended result from his acts of seeing and hearing, expressed in both verses 7 and 9. You may need to expressly mark this, for instance by introducing verse 8 with something like “therefore,” and verse 9 with something like “again, because.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '8', 'xy36', 'figs-go', 'וָ\u2060אֵרֵ֞ד', '1', '', 'God is figuratively expressing that he is descending from heaven to earth to intervene. God is always everywhere, but this means his special attention will be directed to this situation. Use whatever form of come or go is appropriate in your language for this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '8', 'nahb', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'לְ\u2060הַצִּיל֣\u2060וֹ…וּֽ\u2060לְ\u2060הַעֲלֹת\u2060וֹ֮', '1', '', 'Here, **him** refers in the singular to the Israelites as a group. It is agreeing with “people” as a collective noun in [3:6](../03/06.md). Some languages may have to use plural pronouns. Others may have to match the pronoun’s gender to the grammatical gender of the word for “people” in their language. See what you did in the [previous verse](../03/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '8', 'bi4e', 'figs-metaphor', 'מִ\u2060יַּ֣ד', '1', '', 'Someone’s **hand** is a common metaphor for power and control. Use a similar image if your language has one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '8', 'djbz', 'figs-possession', 'מִ\u2060יַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֗יִם', '1', '', 'This is a possessive where the Egyptians are the subject of **the hand**, which means power. The Egyptians used their power and control to oppress the Israelites. Use a phrase in your language that expresses the idea of a group of people having power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '8', 'mqyp', 'figs-parallelism', 'אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ טוֹבָה֙ וּ\u2060רְחָבָ֔ה אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ\u2060דְבָ֑שׁ', '1', '', 'There are multiple levels of parallelism here. First, the statements, **to a good and wide land** and **to a land flowing with milk and honey** are in parallel with each other. Within each of those, **good** and **wide** are in parallel with each other and also **milk** and **honey**are in parallel with each other.Each of these levels is meant to reinforce and expand on one another. These are not examples of synonymous parallelism, and each part of the statement should be translated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '8', 'xs87', 'figs-metonymy', 'חָלָ֖ב וּ\u2060דְבָ֑שׁ', '1', '', 'Here, **milk** is a metonym for domestic animals and the food products obtained from them; **honey** is a metonym for the food obtained from growing plants. See UST and [the next note]([[rc://en/tn/help/exo/03/08/pxy8]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '8', 'pxy8', 'figs-metaphor', 'אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ\u2060דְבָ֑שׁ', '1', 'a land flowing with milk and honey', 'God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. If this metaphor makes sense in your language, you may translate it, if your language has metaphors that mean a land is good for producing healthy livestock and good crops, you may consider using those. If neither is the case, you may translate the meaning. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '8', 'dtz9', '', 'זָבַ֥ת', '1', 'flowing with', '“full of” or “with an abundance of”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '8', 'q94i', 'figs-metonymy', 'חָלָ֖ב', '1', 'milk', 'Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. Alternate translation: “food from livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '8', 'l1as', 'figs-metonymy', 'וּ\u2060דְבָ֑שׁ', '1', 'honey', 'Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. Alternate translation: “food from crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '9', 'a2kf', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וְ\u2060עַתָּ֕ה', '1', '', 'This functions as a discourse marker expressing logical conclusion. “Therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '9', 'tp2v', 'figs-exclamations', 'הִנֵּ֛ה', '1', '', 'This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation, or you can use an alternate translation like “certainly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '9', 'uup9', 'figs-personification', 'צַעֲקַ֥ת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בָּ֣אָה אֵלָ֑\u2060י', '1', 'the shouts of the people of Israel have come to me', 'Here, **the cry** is spoken of as if it were a person who is capable of moving on his own. Alternate translation: “I have heard the cries of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '9', 'gwou', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'רָאִ֨יתִי֙ אֶת־הַ\u2060לַּ֔חַץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִצְרַ֖יִם לֹחֲצִ֥ים אֹתָֽ\u2060ם', '1', '', 'Here, **oppression** is an abstract noun which you could translate as a verb if you cannot use this form in your language. Alternate translation: “I have seen how the Egyptians are oppressing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '10', 'y4m1', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וְ\u2060עַתָּ֣ה', '1', '', '**And now** functions as a discourse marker expressing logical conclusion. “Therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '10', 'spwh', 'figs-quotemarks', 'מִ\u2060מִּצְרָֽיִם', '1', '', 'After this phrase, the direct quote of what the Yahweh said starting in [3:7](../03/07.md) ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '11', 'y8cr', 'figs-rquestion', 'מִ֣י אָנֹ֔כִי כִּ֥י אֵלֵ֖ךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְ\u2060כִ֥י אוֹצִ֛יא אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִ\u2060מִּצְרָֽיִם', '1', 'Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh…Egypt?', 'Moses uses this question to tell God that he, Moses, is not the right person for the task. Alternate translation: See UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '11', 'ax7w', 'figs-quotemarks', 'מִ֣י אָנֹ֔כִי כִּ֥י אֵלֵ֖ךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְ\u2060כִ֥י אוֹצִ֛יא אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִ\u2060מִּצְרָֽיִם', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '12', 'ykp3', 'figs-quotemarks', 'כִּֽי־אֶֽהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֔\u2060ךְ וְ\u2060זֶה־לְּ\u2060ךָ֣ הָ\u2060א֔וֹת כִּ֥י אָנֹכִ֖י שְׁלַחְתִּ֑י\u2060ךָ בְּ\u2060הוֹצִֽיאֲ\u2060ךָ֤ אֶת־הָ\u2060עָם֙ מִ\u2060מִּצְרַ֔יִם תַּֽעַבְדוּ\u2060ן֙ אֶת־הָ֣\u2060אֱלֹהִ֔ים עַ֖ל הָ\u2060הָ֥ר הַ\u2060זֶּֽה', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '12', 'xugf', 'figs-youdual', 'תַּֽעַבְדוּ\u2060ן֙', '1', '', 'If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '13', 'wcf9', 'figs-quotemarks', 'הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֣י בָא֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְ\u2060אָמַרְתִּ֣י לָ\u2060הֶ֔ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵי\u2060כֶ֖ם שְׁלָחַ֣\u2060נִי אֲלֵי\u2060כֶ֑ם וְ\u2060אָֽמְרוּ־לִ֣\u2060י מַה־שְּׁמ֔\u2060וֹ מָ֥ה אֹמַ֖ר אֲלֵ\u2060הֶֽם', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation containing two second-level quotes within it. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '13', 'lqms', 'grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical', 'הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֣י בָא֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְ\u2060אָמַרְתִּ֣י לָ\u2060הֶ֔ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵי\u2060כֶ֖ם שְׁלָחַ֣\u2060נִי אֲלֵי\u2060כֶ֑ם וְ\u2060אָֽמְרוּ־לִ֣\u2060י מַה־שְּׁמ֔\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'Moses presents God with a hypothetical situation here. The three events (**go, say, say**) are part of one hypothetical event. You should translate this in a way that makes it clear that this is a future, not-yet-real event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '13', 'jq42', '', 'הִנֵּ֨ה', '1', '', '**Behold** is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. In this case, Moses uses it to introduce what he views as a probable future occurrence. Alternative translation: “Now”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '13', 'e03n', 'figs-go', 'בָא֮', '1', '', 'In your language, use **go** or “come” as makes most sense for Moses’ hypothetical action of going from the mountain to where the Israelites are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '13', 'm9uy', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵי\u2060כֶ֖ם שְׁלָחַ֣\u2060נִי אֲלֵי\u2060כֶ֑ם', '1', '', 'This is a second-level quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation inside a quotation. However, you may also choose to translate it as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “that the God of their fathers has sent me to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '13', 'ru0a', 'figs-metaphor', 'אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵי\u2060כֶ֖ם', '1', '', 'Here, **fathers** figuratively means “ancestors.” Alternate translation: “The God of your ancestors” or “The God whom your ancestors worshiped” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '13', 'vfsk', 'figs-quotemarks', 'מַה־שְּׁמ֔\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'This is a second-level quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation inside a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '13', 'bkei', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'מָ֥ה אֹמַ֖ר אֲלֵ\u2060הֶֽם', '1', '', 'Moses is asking God what he should do as a result of the hypothetical situation he presented. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '14', 'cli8', '', 'אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה', '1', 'God said to Moses, “I AM THAT I AM.”', 'This is God’s response to Moses’s question about God’s name. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “God said to Moses, ‘Tell them that God says his name is “I AM THAT I AM.”’”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '14', 'b6vk', '', 'אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה', '1', 'I AM THAT I AM', 'Possible meanings are (1) this whole sentence is God’s name or (2) God is not telling his name but something about himself. By saying this, God is teaching that he is eternal; he has always lived and always will live.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '14', 's62u', '', 'אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה…אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה…אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה', '1', 'I AM', 'Languages that do not have an equivalent to the verb “am” may need to render this as “I LIVE” or “I EXIST.”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '14', 't745', '', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֗אמֶר', '1', '', 'This is still God speaking. It may make more sense to omit this in some languages.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '14', 'vigc', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה שְׁלָחַ֥\u2060נִי אֲלֵי\u2060כֶֽם', '1', '', 'This is a second-level quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation inside a quotation. However, you may also choose to translate it as an indirect quotation as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '15', 'ubw7', '', 'וַ\u2060יֹּאמֶר֩ ע֨וֹד אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה', '1', '', 'As God is still speaking, it may make more sense to omit this in some languages.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '15', 'i6lg', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה', '1', '', 'After this phrase, a direct quotation begins that continues until [the end of chapter 3 at verse 22](../03/22.md). This quotation contains four levels as God tells Moses to tell the Israelite elders a specific message from God. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '15', 'l962', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתֵי\u2060כֶ֗ם אֱלֹהֵ֨י אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֛ק וֵ\u2060אלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹ֖ב שְׁלָחַ֣\u2060נִי אֲלֵי\u2060כֶ֑ם זֶה־שְּׁמִ֣\u2060י לְ\u2060עֹלָ֔ם וְ\u2060זֶ֥ה זִכְרִ֖\u2060י לְ\u2060דֹ֥ר דֹּֽר', '1', '', 'This is a second-level quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation. It may be possible to translate it as an indirect quotation, but you will need to be careful to correctly change the pronoun persons. Alternative translation: “You must tell the Israelites that Yahweh, the God of their fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, sent you to them. This is his name forever, and this is his memorial from generation to generation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '15', 'd91k', 'figs-metaphor', 'אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתֵי\u2060כֶ֗ם', '1', '', 'Here, **fathers** figuratively means “ancestors.” Alternate translation: “the God of your ancestors” or “the God whom your ancestors worshiped” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '15', 'ixcb', 'figs-merism', 'לְ\u2060דֹ֥ר דֹּֽר', '1', '', 'The repetition of **generation** means something like “to each and every generation,” which means for all people at all times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '16', 'ec3v', 'figs-quotemarks', 'יְהוָ֞ה', '1', 'General Information:', 'This begins a second-level quotation that continues until the end of [verse 17](../03/17.md). It contains a third-level quotation that begins at “I have certainly” and also continues to the end of verse 17. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation. The closing marks for both the second and third-level quotations should not occur until the end of verse 17. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '16', 'usas', 'figs-metaphor', 'אֱלֹהֵ֤י אֲבֹֽתֵי\u2060כֶם֙', '1', '', 'Here, **fathers** figuratively means “ancestors.” Alternate translation: “the God of your ancestors” or “the God whom your ancestors worshiped” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '16', 'xqy9', '', 'אַבְרָהָ֛ם יִצְחָ֥ק וְ\u2060יַעֲקֹ֖ב', '1', 'the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob', 'Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were three of the Israelites’ ancestors. They all worshiped the same God.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '16', 'dvsz', 'figs-quotemarks', 'פָּקֹ֤ד פָּקַ֨דְתִּי֙', '1', '', 'This begins a third-level quotation that continues until the end of [verse 17](../03/17.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening third-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation that is within a quotation. The closing marks for both the second-level and third-level quotations should not occur until the end of verse 17. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '16', 'efhh', 'figs-idiom', 'פָּקֹ֤ד פָּקַ֨דְתִּי֙', '1', '', 'The Hebrew word meaning **attended,** visited, or observed is repeated here for emphasis. This word often means God is coming to take action. Translate this phrase in a way that communicates God’s focused, caring observation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '16', 'fv77', 'figs-youdual', 'אֶתְ\u2060כֶ֔ם', '1', 'I have indeed observed you', 'The word **you** refers to the people of Israel. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '16', 'q4en', 'figs-activepassive', 'הֶ\u2060עָשׂ֥וּי', '1', '', 'In some languages you may not be able to translate this in the passive form. Alternative translation: see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '16', 'johw', 'figs-metonymy', 'בְּ\u2060מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', '', 'The phrase **in Egypt** is a metonym for the Egyptian oppressors. Alternative translation: “by the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '17', 'c54k', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'אַעֲלֶ֣ה אֶתְ\u2060כֶם֮ מֵ\u2060עֳנִ֣י מִצְרַיִם֒ אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ הַֽ\u2060כְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְ\u2060הַ֣\u2060חִתִּ֔י וְ\u2060הָֽ\u2060אֱמֹרִי֙ וְ\u2060הַ\u2060פְּרִזִּ֔י וְ\u2060הַ\u2060חִוִּ֖י וְ\u2060הַ\u2060יְבוּסִ֑י אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ\u2060דְבָֽשׁ', '1', '', 'This is a fourth-level quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer three levels. Alternatively, it can be translated as an indirect quotation, see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '17', 'eloj', 'figs-quotemarks', 'וּ\u2060דְבָֽשׁ', '1', '', 'If you are using direct quotations, at the end of this verse you should have three closing markers. In English, it looks like ’ ” ’ (without spaces). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '17', 'r8mg', 'figs-idiom', 'אַעֲלֶ֣ה', '1', '', 'Regardless of the geographic realities, to **bring up** does not primarily have a literal meaning. Rather, it means to bring the Israelites into a better situation. God promised to bring them up from their low status as slaves to a place where they would be the masters of a good land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '17', 'wyvt', 'figs-metonymy', 'חָלָ֖ב וּ\u2060דְבָֽשׁ', '1', '', 'Here, **milk** is a metonym for domestic animals and the food products obtained from them; **honey** is a metonym for the food obtained from growing plants. See UST and [the next note]([[rc://en/tn/help/exo/03/08/pwn5]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '17', 'pwn5', 'figs-metaphor', 'אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ\u2060דְבָֽשׁ', '1', 'a land flowing with milk and honey', 'God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:8](../03/08.md) at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/03/08/pxy8]]. Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” or “a land where milk and honey flow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '17', 'za9l', '', 'זָבַ֥ת', '1', 'flowing with', '“full of” or “with an abundance of”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '17', 'rtr5', 'figs-metonymy', 'חָלָ֖ב', '1', 'milk', 'Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. Alternate translation: “food from livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '17', 'msf8', 'figs-metonymy', 'וּ\u2060דְבָֽשׁ', '1', 'honey', 'Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. Alternate translation: “food from crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '18', 'cy2z', 'figs-idiom', 'וְ\u2060שָׁמְע֖וּ', '1', '', '**Listen** often means “hear and do/obey.” Alternative translation: “heed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '18', 'j24k', 'writing-participants', 'לְ\u2060קֹלֶ֑\u2060ךָ…אַתָּה֩', '1', 'They will listen to you', 'The word **you** refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '18', 'w742', 'figs-synecdoche', 'לְ\u2060קֹלֶ֑\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'This phrase means the elders will listen to the message Moses brings from God. Alternative translation: “to your message” or “to my message which you tell them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '18', 'r74o', 'figs-possession', 'וְ\u2060זִקְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל', '1', '', 'This is a possessive of social relationship. Alternative translation: “elders in charge of the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '18', 'eep7', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל', '1', '', '**Israel** is a collective noun that refers to all the Israelites. Alternative translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '18', 'ot9r', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִצְרַ֗יִם', '1', '', 'Here, **Egypt** refers to the Egyptian nation. Alternate translation: “of the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '18', 'idp7', 'figs-youdual', 'וַ\u2060אֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם', '1', 'General Information:', 'If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '18', 'i47o', 'figs-exclusive', 'עָלֵ֔י\u2060נוּ…נֵֽלֲכָה…וְ\u2060נִזְבְּחָ֖ה', '1', '', 'These instances of **us** are exclusive; they include Moses, the elders, and all the Israelites, but exclude the king of Egypt. If your language makes this distinction, verify that you used the correct form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '18', 'd85b', 'translate-numbers', 'שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת', '1', '', '“3” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '19', 'qf46', 'figs-metonymy', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֖א בְּ\u2060יָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה', '1', 'unless his hand is forced', 'The word **hand** is a metonym for the power of the owner of the hand. Possible meanings are (1) “only if he sees that he has no power to do anything else,” where the “hand” belongs to Pharaoh; where the “hand” belongs to Yahweh, (2) “only if I force him to let you go” or (3) “not even if I force him to let you go.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '20', 'nuzx', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וְ\u2060שָׁלַחְתִּ֤י', '1', '', 'God says this will be a result of the king of Egypt’s stubbornness. Alternate translation: “Therefore I will send out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '20', 'yds5', 'figs-metonymy', 'וְ\u2060שָׁלַחְתִּ֤י אֶת־יָדִ\u2060י֙', '1', 'I will reach out with my hand and attack', 'Here, **hand** refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “I will use my strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '20', 'dzsp', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִצְרַ֔יִם', '1', '', '**Egypt** refers to both the land and the people group, and then, by extension, to Pharaoh as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '20', 'c9a3', '', 'מִצְרַ֔יִם…בְּ\u2060קִרְבּ֑\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'Here, **him** refers to Egypt as a collective.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '20', 'sqmt', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'וְ\u2060אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן', '1', '', 'Here the sequential nature of these happenings is emphasized. Consider using a stronger sequential connective term than usual here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '20', 'ay53', 'writing-participants', 'יְשַׁלַּ֥ח', '1', '', 'Here, **he** refers to the Pharaoh, the king of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '20', 'awxs', 'figs-youdual', 'אֶתְ\u2060כֶֽם', '1', '', 'Here, **you** refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '21', 'btwc', 'figs-idiom', 'חֵ֥ן…בְּ\u2060עֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם', '1', '', '**In the eyes of the Egyptians** is an idiom for the Egyptian’s feelings. **Favor** means those feelings are positive. Taken together, this means that when the Egyptians see the Israelites (Hebrews) leaving Egypt, they will gladly help them (because they want them to leave so badly due to the Egyptians suffering under God’s judgment). If your language has the same or a similar idiom, you can translate or use it. Otherwise, you can translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '21', 'hfrr', 'figs-possession', 'בְּ\u2060עֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם', '1', '', 'This is a part-whole possessive. Also, if your language uses a specific form of the possessive for things one cannot lose, it would be appropriate to use that form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '21', 's45u', '', 'הָֽ\u2060עָם־הַ\u2060זֶּ֖ה', '1', '', '“you”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '21', 'uz3c', 'figs-youdual', 'תֵֽלֵכ֔וּ\u2060ן…תֵלְכ֖וּ', '1', '', 'If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '21', 'wymx', 'figs-go', 'תֵֽלֵכ֔וּ\u2060ן…תֵלְכ֖וּ', '1', '', '“leave” or “go out” or “come out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '21', 'j9qz', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'לֹ֥א …רֵיקָֽם', '1', '', 'The double negative, **not … emptily** is used to mean “full.” Alternate translation: “[go] with many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '21', 'kt7b', 'figs-litotes', 'לֹ֥א תֵלְכ֖וּ רֵיקָֽם', '1', 'will not go empty-handed', 'This phrase is used to emphasize the opposite meaning. Alternate translation: “you will go with your hands full of good things” or “you will go with many valuable things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '22', 'w2av', '', 'וּ\u2060מִ\u2060גָּרַ֣ת בֵּיתָ֔\u2060הּ', '1', 'any women staying in her neighbors’ houses', '**Sojourning** means living somewhere other than one’s native land, usually temporarily. It is unclear both who the sojourning (visiting) women are and in whose house they are sojourning, leaving several possibilities. Most translations that make a decision about who they are identify both the temporary resident and her host home as Egyptian. This makes sense as the Israelites will be plundering the Egyptians. If it is possible to leave this ambiguous in your translation, that would be best.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '22', 'fmfu', 'figs-youdual', 'וְ\u2060שַׂמְתֶּ֗ם עַל־בְּנֵי\u2060כֶם֙ וְ\u2060עַל־בְּנֹ֣תֵי\u2060כֶ֔ם וְ\u2060נִצַּלְתֶּ֖ם', '1', '', 'Each of these is a plural **you.** If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '3', '22', 'h38j', 'figs-quotemarks', 'מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', '', 'After this phrase, the direct quote of Yahweh’s word starting in [verse 15](../03/15.md) ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', 'intro', 'kap5', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 04 General Notes
## Potential Translation Issues
### Quotations
* There is a difficult transition between [4:4](../04/04.md) and [4:5](../04/05.md) because the quotation stops in the middle to inject a bit of narrative. When it resumes in [4:5](../04/05.md),the sentence seems incomplete (even if merged directly with the quotation fragment in [4:4](../04/04.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])* Yahweh’s instructions to Moses are complex and there are up to four levels of quotations in this chapter. Translators will need to decide if some of these need to become indirect quotations (if that is possible in their language) and take great care to use the proper quotation markings in the proper location.
### Order of events
* The order of events is not always clear. In [4:14](../04/14.md) Yahweh tells Moses that Aaron is coming to meet him, but Yahweh telling Aaron to go meet Moses in the wilderness is not recorded until [4:27](../04/27.md).
* The timing of the events in [4:18](../18/.md)\\-[4:27](../04/23.md), especially verse 18-19 and 27, in relation to the rest of the events of the chapter is unclear.
### Thus says Yahweh
The first of over 400 occurrences throughout the Old Testament of a standard phrase used to introduce direct, authoritative instruction from Yahweh occurs in [4:22](../04/22.md). It occurs ten times in the book of Exodus; nine of these are between chapters 4–11. It would be good for your team to have a standard way to translate this that makes it clear that the words that come next are directly from God. If your language has a standard way of introducing a new message from your leader that alerts the hearers that these are the words of the leader, that would be a good phrase to consider.
### Yahweh’s attempt to kill someone
The encounter recorded from [4:24](../04/24.md) to [4:26](../04/26.md) is one of the strangest and most difficult passages in the entire book. Difficulties include:
* To whom do the pronouns refer? Masculine pronouns are used throughout the section, but there are two possible antecedents, Moses (who is not named in the narrative) and Zipporah’s son (who was presumably also Moses’ son, but this is how he is referred to in this text. For why, see below on why Yahweh did this). Most commentators believe the pronouns refer to Moses.
* Circumcision is described in fairly graphic detail. Different cultures will need to approach this differently. Some may have terms for circumcision, while others may be comfortable translating mostly literally, and others will need to use euphemisms or other strategies to translate. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])* The meaning of the phrase **a bridegroom of blood** (ULT) is unknown.
* Why did Yahweh attack Moses? Many commentators conclude that Moses had neglected to circumcise one of his sons because it displeased Zipporah, and Yahweh was holding Moses responsible before he returned to lead the Israelites (who should have been circumcised). When Zipporah repented by circumcising the son herself and touching the foreskin to Moses’ feet, Yahweh relents. These conclusions should help inform translation but should not be made explicit in the text.
## Study concepts in this chapter
### Moses does not understand
Although Moses believes in Yahweh, he does not trust in him. This is because Moses lacks understanding. Moses tries to believe the things he is asked to do are done by his own power. Yahweh is trying to get Moses to trust that these things are Yahweh’s doing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
### Children of God
This chapter introduces the concept that Israel, the people group, is the chosen people of God and God’s firstborn son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstborn]])
### Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart
Scholars are divided over how to understand this statement. There is debate over whether Pharaoh plays an active or passive role in the hardening of his own heart. Translators should simply follow the text. In Exodus 4-14 there are ten statements that Yahweh hardens Pharaoh’s heart, and ten statements that Pharaoh hardens his own heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '1', 'j4yg', '', 'וַ\u2060יַּ֤עַן מֹשֶׁה֙ וַ\u2060יֹּ֔אמֶר', '1', 'if they do not believe', 'Here, **answered and said** is a Hebrew expression which does not convey any extra information. Unless your language naturally uses a similar structure, it is better to translate one verb and omit the other. Alternate translation: “Moses answered”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '1', 'b3xv', 'figs-quotemarks', 'וְ\u2060הֵן֙ לֹֽא־יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ לִ֔\u2060י וְ\u2060לֹ֥א יִשְׁמְע֖וּ בְּ\u2060קֹלִ֑\u2060י כִּ֣י יֹֽאמְר֔וּ לֹֽא־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֖י\u2060ךָ יְהוָֽה', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '1', 'neto', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'לֹֽא־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֖י\u2060ךָ יְהוָֽה', '1', '', 'This is a second-level quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. However, you could translate it as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh has not appeared to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '1', 'fu2x', '', 'וְ\u2060הֵן֙', '1', '', 'This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation, or you can use an alternate translation like “Listen to me.”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '2', 'qmvk', 'writing-participants', 'אֵלָ֛י\u2060ו…וַ\u2060יֹּ֖אמֶר', '1', '', '“Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '2', 'r3f9', 'figs-quotemarks', 'מ\u2060זה בְ\u2060יָדֶ֑\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '2', 'p8sg', 'figs-quotemarks', 'מַטֶּֽה', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '3', 'jgir', 'figs-quotemarks', 'הַשְׁלִיכֵ֣\u2060הוּ אַ֔רְצָ\u2060ה', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '3', 'zycd', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִ\u2060פָּנָֽי\u2060ו', '1', '', 'Here, “face” figuratively represents the snake itself. Alternative translation: “from the snake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '4', 'g6bk', '', 'וֶ\u2060אֱחֹ֖ז בִּ\u2060זְנָב֑\u2060וֹ', '1', 'take it by the tail', '“and pick it up by the tail” or “and grasp it by the tail”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '4', 'mqpc', 'figs-quotemarks', 'שְׁלַח֙ יָֽדְ\u2060ךָ֔ וֶ\u2060אֱחֹ֖ז בִּ\u2060זְנָב֑\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '4', 'bzmp', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'שְׁלַח֙ יָֽדְ\u2060ךָ֔ וֶ\u2060אֱחֹ֖ז בִּ\u2060זְנָב֑\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'This direct quotation is interrupted by Moses obeying Yahweh. This is probably a tightly ordered sequence of events where Yahweh paused and then continued speaking immediately after Moses obeyed. The quote resumes in [verse 5](../04/05.md) and there is more discussion there about how to handle the resumption. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '4', 'm86n', '', 'וַ\u2060יְהִ֥י לְ\u2060מַטֶּ֖ה', '1', 'became a staff', '“and it turned into a rod” or “and it changed into a staff”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '5', 'l4tn', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לְמַ֣עַן יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֛י\u2060ךָ יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑\u2060ם אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵ\u2060אלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב', '1', '', 'This continues the direct quotation from the first part of [verse 4](../04/04.md). It may be more natural to reorganize verses four and five to keep the quote together. If you rearrange like this, Moses picking up the snake/staff should come after the full quotation. However, it is better to do something similar to the UST, which restates that Yahweh is speaking and provides some implied directives from Yahweh to make a complete sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '5', 'm4fk', 'figs-ellipsis', 'לְמַ֣עַן יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֛י\u2060ךָ יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑\u2060ם אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵ\u2060אלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב', '1', '', 'This quote is not a complete sentence; the UST provides a clarification. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '5', 'zbfr', 'writing-participants', 'יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ…אֲבֹתָ֑\u2060ם', '1', '', 'These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders; if you make this participant explicit, elders is a better option. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '5', 'oqi5', 'writing-participants', 'אֵלֶ֛י\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'This refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '5', 'jr8m', '', 'אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑\u2060ם אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵ\u2060אלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב', '1', 'the God of their ancestors, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob', 'Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were three of their ancestors. They all worshiped the same God.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '6', 'b9m8', 'figs-quotemarks', 'הָֽבֵא־נָ֤א יָֽדְ\u2060ךָ֙ בְּ\u2060חֵיקֶ֔\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '6', 'ep52', 'figs-exclamations', 'וְ\u2060הִנֵּ֥ה', '1', 'behold', 'This word is used to create an exclamation, showing surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '6', 'pw7g', 'figs-simile', 'כַּ\u2060שָּֽׁלֶג', '1', 'as white as snow', 'The word **like** (ULT) or “as” (UST) here is used to compare how Moses’ hand looked. You may not have a word for snow in your language. If so, consider an alternative that describes something very white. You may need to make the whiteness explicit. Alternate translation: “like wool” or “that made it look white like the sand on the beach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '7', 'kv9r', 'figs-quotemarks', 'הָשֵׁ֤ב יָֽדְ\u2060ךָ֙ אֶל־חֵיקֶ֔\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '7', 'prr9', 'figs-exclamations', 'וְ\u2060הִנֵּה', '1', '', 'This word is used to create an exclamation, showing surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '8', 'q9qb', 'figs-exclamations', 'וְ\u2060הָיָה֙', '1', '', 'Yahweh’s speech resumes here and continues through the end of [verse 9](../04/09.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '8', 'well', 'figs-personification', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֣א יִשְׁמְע֔וּ לְ\u2060קֹ֖ל הָ\u2060אֹ֣ת הָ\u2060רִאשׁ֑וֹן וְ\u2060הֶֽאֱמִ֔ינוּ לְ\u2060קֹ֖ל הָ\u2060אֹ֥ת הָ\u2060אַחֲרֽוֹן', '1', '', 'Here the **sign**s are spoken of as if they had a **voice** with which they could speak. If this imagery would not make sense in your language, you may need to translate this in a way that makes explicit that the signs are meant to be proof that God sent Moses. Alternative translation: “and are not convinced that God has appeared to you by seeing the first sign, then they will be convinced by seeing the second sign.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '8', 'gxlg', 'writing-participants', 'יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ…יִשְׁמְע֔וּ…וְ\u2060הֶֽאֱמִ֔ינוּ', '1', '', 'These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders; if you make this participant explicit, elders is the better option, but be sure to do the same as you did in [verse 5](../04/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '8', 'lsb3', '', 'לֹ֣א יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ…וְ\u2060הֶֽאֱמִ֔ינוּ', '1', 'pay attention', '“they do not acknowledge… then they will acknowledge” or “they do not accept… then they will accept”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '9', 'q82r', 'writing-participants', 'יַאֲמִ֡ינוּ…יִשְׁמְעוּ\u2060ן֙', '1', '', 'These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders; if you make this participant explicit, elders is the better option, but be sure to do the same as you did in [verse 5](../04/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '9', 'hlym', 'figs-quotemarks', 'וְ\u2060הָי֥וּ לְ\u2060דָ֖ם בַּ\u2060יַּבָּֽשֶׁת', '1', '', 'After this phrase, the direct quote of Yahweh’s speech from the previous verse ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '10', 'aazp', 'figs-quotemarks', 'בִּ֣י אֲדֹנָ\u2060י֒ לֹא֩ אִ֨ישׁ דְּבָרִ֜ים אָנֹ֗כִי גַּ֤ם מִ\u2060תְּמוֹל֙ גַּ֣ם מִ\u2060שִּׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּ֛ם מֵ\u2060אָ֥ז דַּבֶּרְ\u2060ךָ אֶל־עַבְדֶּ֑\u2060ךָ כִּ֧י כְבַד־פֶּ֛ה וּ\u2060כְבַ֥ד לָשׁ֖וֹן אָנֹֽכִי', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '10', 't8i9', '', 'בִּ֣י', '1', '', 'This word is used by a speaker to beg a superior to allow him to speak. Alternate translation: “Please”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '10', 'w12a', '', 'לֹא֩ אִ֨ישׁ דְּבָרִ֜ים אָנֹ֗כִי גַּ֤ם מִ\u2060תְּמוֹל֙ גַּ֣ם מִ\u2060שִּׁלְשֹׁ֔ם', '1', 'have never been eloquent', '“I have never been an excellent speaker”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '10', 'opes', '', 'אִ֨ישׁ דְּבָרִ֜ים', '1', '', 'This expression means “a man who uses words well,” in other words, an eloquent man who can speak well and convincingly.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '10', 'pk0l', 'figs-merism', 'גַּ֤ם מִ\u2060תְּמוֹל֙ גַּ֣ם מִ\u2060שִּׁלְשֹׁ֔ם', '1', '', 'This phrase simply means “in the past.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '10', 'wsl4', 'figs-123person', 'עַבְדֶּ֑\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'Moses refers to himself as God’s servant to lower his status before God (and perhaps by doing so to make his argument of inability stronger). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '10', 'bv64', 'figs-doublet', 'כְבַד־פֶּ֛ה וּ\u2060כְבַ֥ד לָשׁ֖וֹן', '1', 'I am slow of speech and slow of tongue', 'These phrases mean basically the same thing. Moses uses them to emphasize that he is not a good speaker. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '10', 'zm3y', 'figs-metonymy', 'לָשׁ֖וֹן', '1', 'slow of tongue', 'Here, **tongue** refers to Moses’ ability to speak. Alternate translation: “speech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '11', 'xpgf', 'figs-quotemarks', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלָ֗י\u2060ו', '1', '', 'After this phrase, a direct quote begins that continues to the end of the [next verse](…/04/12.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '11', 'ks2m', 'figs-rquestion', 'מִ֣י שָׂ֣ם פֶּה֮ לָֽ\u2060אָדָם֒', '1', 'Who is it who made man’s mouth?', 'Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the Creator who makes it possible for people to speak. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am the one who created the human mouth and the ability to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '11', 'e1y6', 'figs-rquestion', 'מִֽי־יָשׂ֣וּם אִלֵּ֔ם א֣וֹ חֵרֵ֔שׁ א֥וֹ פִקֵּ֖חַ א֣וֹ עִוֵּ֑ר', '1', 'Who makes a man mute or deaf or seeing or blind?', 'Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who decides if people can speak and hear, and if they can see. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, make people able to speak, or hear, or to see, or to be blind!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '11', 'uq7j', 'figs-rquestion', 'הֲ\u2060לֹ֥א אָנֹכִ֖י יְהוָֽה', '1', 'Is it not I, Yahweh?', 'Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he alone makes these decisions. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am the one who does this!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '12', 'kkr1', 'figs-metonymy', 'וְ\u2060אָנֹכִי֙ אֶֽהְיֶ֣ה עִם־פִּ֔י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'I will be with your mouth', 'Here, **mouth** refers to Moses’ ability to speak. Alternate translation: “I will give you the ability to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '12', 'kg7l', 'figs-quotemarks', 'תְּדַבֵּֽר', '1', '', 'After this phrase, the direct quote from the previous verse ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '13', 'zy9m', 'figs-quotemarks', 'בִּ֣י אֲדֹנָ֑\u2060י שְֽׁלַֽח־נָ֖א בְּ\u2060יַד־תִּשְׁלָֽח', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '13', 'brer', '', 'בִּ֣י', '1', '', 'This word is used by a speaker to beg a superior to allow him to speak. See what you did in [verse 10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: “Please”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '13', 's8nl', '', 'שְֽׁלַֽח־נָ֖א בְּ\u2060יַד־תִּשְׁלָֽח', '1', '', 'In translating this phrase, it is important to make clear that Moses is asking Yahweh to send someone else. Here he is not accepting Yahweh’s commission.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '13', 'y4a7', 'figs-synecdoche', 'בְּ\u2060יַד', '1', '', 'This phrase means “by a person.” The figure is of a person taking Yahweh’s message in his hand to the Israelites and Pharaoh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '14', 'uy2v', 'figs-idiom', 'וַ\u2060יִּֽחַר־אַ֨ף יְהוָ֜ה', '1', '', 'This is an idiom meaning that Yahweh is angry. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '14', 'ifax', 'writing-participants', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֨אמֶר֙', '1', '', '“and Yahweh said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '14', 'zn40', 'figs-quotemarks', 'בְּ\u2060מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַ\u2060יֹּ֨אמֶר֙', '1', '', 'After this phrase a direct quote begins that continues until the end of [verse 17](../04/17.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '14', 'okko', 'figs-rquestion', 'הֲ\u2060לֹ֨א אַהֲרֹ֤ן אָחִ֨י\u2060ךָ֙ הַ\u2060לֵּוִ֔י', '1', '', 'Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to suggest an alternative to Moses. Alternative translation: “I know you have a brother, Aaron the Levite.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '14', 'e0js', 'translate-kinship', 'אָחִ֨י\u2060ךָ֙', '1', '', 'His **brother** Aaron was three years older than Moses (see [Exodus 7:7](../07/07.md)), which may be important for translating “brother” in some languages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '14', 'y5ed', 'figs-idiom', 'דַבֵּ֥ר יְדַבֵּ֖ר', '1', '', 'In Hebrew, the word **speak** is repeated. This means he speaks well. English cannot convey this by doubling, so the meaning of the repetition was translated in the ULT in this case. If your language can say something like “speaking speaks” to mean “speaks well,” consider it; otherwise, translate the meaning similarly to the ULT or UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '14', 'c51y', '', 'הִנֵּה', '1', '', '**Behold** is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. If your language has a term that functions in that way (“Listen!” or “Look!” or “Pay Attention!”), use it here.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '14', 'ettp', 'figs-go', 'יֹצֵ֣א', '1', '', 'Yahweh says Aaron is coming from Egypt to Midian to find Moses. He is probably on foot. Depending on the language, the required form of go or come may vary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '14', 'tfsa', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וְ\u2060שָׂמַ֥ח', '1', '', 'Aaron will be glad because he sees Moses. Consider a conjunction or other form that expresses result as in the UST or alternative translation: “and because he sees you, he will have joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '14', 'ew4h', 'figs-metonymy', 'בְּ\u2060לִבּֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'he will be glad in his heart', 'Here, **heart** refers to inner thoughts and emotions. If the heart is not a body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s thoughts and emotions, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '15', 'u97f', 'figs-metaphor', 'הַ\u2060דְּבָרִ֖ים', '1', 'put the words to say into his mouth', 'Words here are spoken of as if they were something that can be physically placed in a person’s mouth. Alternate translation: “the message that he is to repeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '15', 'q9cf', 'figs-metonymy', 'וְ\u2060אָנֹכִ֗י אֶֽהְיֶ֤ה עִם־פִּ֨י\u2060ךָ֙ וְ\u2060עִם־פִּ֔י\u2060הוּ', '1', 'I will be with your mouth', 'The word **mouth** here represents Moses’ and Aaron’s choice of words. Alternate translation: “And I will be with you as you speak and with him as he speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '15', 'v57x', 'figs-youdual', 'אֶתְ\u2060כֶ֔ם…תַּעֲשֽׂוּ\u2060ן', '1', 'with his mouth', 'These refer to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual form if you have one or, if not, use a plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '16', 'mnsp', 'figs-simile', 'לְ\u2060פֶ֔ה', '1', '', 'This phrase compares Aaron to a mouth, because he will be the one to actually vocalize to the Israelites and Pharaoh what Moses tells him to say. Alternate translation: “the one to say what you tell him to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '16', 'gn5v', 'figs-simile', 'תִּֽהְיֶה־לּ֥\u2060וֹ לֵֽ\u2060אלֹהִֽים', '1', 'you will be to him like me, God', 'The word **like** here means Moses would represent the same authority to Aaron as God did to Moses. Alternate translation: “you will speak to Aaron with the same authority with which I speak to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '17', 'mq82', 'figs-quotemarks', 'תַּעֲשֶׂה־בּ֖\u2060וֹ אֶת־הָ\u2060אֹתֹֽת', '1', '', 'After this phrase, the direct quote of Yahweh ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '17', 'hm47', 'figs-explicit', 'הַ\u2060מַּטֶּ֥ה הַ\u2060זֶּ֖ה', '1', '', 'Yahweh assumes that Moses will know that by **this staff,** he means the one that Moses said he had in his hand in [v. 2](../04/02.md), and with which God told him to do a miracle in vv. [3](../04/03.md)–[4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '18', 'j2ix', 'writing-participants', 'יֶ֣תֶר', '1', '', 'Jethro is reintroduced as a participant in the narrative here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '18', 'cbop', 'figs-go', 'וַ\u2060יֵּ֨לֶךְ', '1', '', 'Because the setting has shifted back to Jethro’s home, some languages may need to use “come” here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '18', 'b6mf', 'translate-kinship', 'חֹֽתְנ֗\u2060וֹ', '1', 'father-in-law', 'This refers to the father of Moses’ wife. Some languages may use a different term for the husband’s or wife’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '18', 'wlit', 'writing-participants', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֤אמֶר', '1', '', '“and Moses said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '18', 'g1h1', 'writing-participants', 'ל\u2060וֹ֙', '1', '', '“to Jethro” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '18', 'uvqk', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אֵ֣לֲכָה נָּ֗א וְ\u2060אָשׁ֨וּבָה֙ אֶל־אַחַ֣\u2060י אֲשֶׁר־בְּ\u2060מִצְרַ֔יִם וְ\u2060אֶרְאֶ֖ה הַ\u2060עוֹדָ֣\u2060ם חַיִּ֑ים', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '18', 'urt0', 'figs-metonymy', 'אַחַ֣\u2060י', '1', '', '“my relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '18', 'gq2g', 'figs-idiom', 'וְ\u2060אֶרְאֶ֖ה הַ\u2060עוֹדָ֣\u2060ם', '1', '', 'Later in the Bible we are told that Moses was in Midian for 40 years. Moses’ request may have been literal or an idiom that meant he wanted to know how they were doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '18', 'yay3', 'figs-explicit', 'לֵ֥ךְ לְ\u2060שָׁלֽוֹם', '1', '', 'This is a phrase of assent and blessing. It may be necessary for some languages to explicitly add, “Yes,” to the beginning of Jethro’s response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '18', 'i807', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לֵ֥ךְ לְ\u2060שָׁלֽוֹם', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '19', 'wwr8', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֙', '1', '', 'The timing and situation for Yahweh speaking to Moses here is not specified. Some conjecture that it was part of the narrative of the encounter with Yahweh from the previous verses but placed after his request to Jethro for an unknown reason. Another speculation is that Moses delayed returning to Egypt (either by his own choice, Yahweh’s instructions, or someone else delaying him) and Yahweh came and told him again (the UST explicitly offers this optional translation). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '19', 'aosm', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לֵ֖ךְ שֻׁ֣ב מִצְרָ֑יִם כִּי־מֵ֨תוּ֙ כָּל־הָ֣\u2060אֲנָשִׁ֔ים הַֽ\u2060מְבַקְשִׁ֖ים אֶת־נַפְשֶֽׁ\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '19', 'clfj', '', 'הַֽ\u2060מְבַקְשִׁ֖ים אֶת־נַפְשֶֽׁ\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'This means they were seeking to end his life, that is, to kill him. Alternate translation: see UST.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '20', 'fua6', 'writing-participants', 'בָּנָ֗י\u2060ו', '1', '', 'Moses’ second son is not introduced until [18:4](../18/.04.md) but had already been born before they left Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '20', 'zi5m', 'writing-participants', 'וַ\u2060יָּ֖שָׁב אַ֣רְצָ\u2060ה מִצְרָ֑יִם', '1', '', 'It is clear from [verse 24](../04/24.md) and [25](../04/25.md) that his family went with him, so you may need to translate as “they returned.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '20', 'a1s5', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'וַ\u2060יָּ֖שָׁב אַ֣רְצָ\u2060ה מִצְרָ֑יִם', '1', '', 'After the incident on the road in verses [24](../04/24.md)-[26](../04/26.md), Moses’ family is not mentioned again until [18:2](../18/02.md) which says that Moses sent them back, so a translation similar to the UST which only commits to the family starting on the way to Egypt may be better. This option has the further benefit of allowing for the several events that happen before Moses gets to Egypt. The ULT’s “towards” is another way of giving space in the translation for the next several events. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '20', 'f26l', 'figs-explicit', 'מַטֵּ֥ה הָ\u2060אֱלֹהִ֖ים', '1', '', 'The phrase the staff of God refers to the staff that God told Moses to take with him in v. [17](../04/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '20', 'm4uj', 'figs-explicit', 'מַטֵּ֥ה הָ\u2060אֱלֹהִ֖ים', '1', '', 'The book describes this staff as **the staff of God** because God appointed it as his instrument so that Moses could do miraculous works through it. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Make sure your translation does not lead people to think the staff was a magic wand or shaman’s staff that had its own power, or power from Moses, or that the staff gave Moses the ability to command God. In every instance where miracles happened, God told Moses to do something with the staff, Moses obeyed, and then God caused a miracle. Alternate translation: “the staff that God had told him to bring because God intended to work powerfully through it when Moses stretched it out.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '21', 'lva8', 'figs-quotemarks', 'בְּ\u2060לֶכְתְּ\u2060ךָ֙', '1', '', 'This begins a direct quotation that continues to the end of [4:23](../04/23.md). It contains up to fourth-level quotations. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '21', 'oajf', '', 'רְאֵ֗ה', '1', '', 'Most translations and interpretations of the verb **see** take it to mean something like “see that you do.”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '21', 'paos', 'figs-metaphor', 'כָּל־הַ\u2060מֹּֽפְתִים֙ אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי בְ\u2060יָדֶ֔\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'Here the miracles are spoken of as if they were items Moses could carry. In part, this may be because the three signs already given to Moses involved the use of his hand. Alternative translation: “all the wonders I have authorized you to perform” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '21', 'kdsb', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה', '1', '', 'This time while **before the face of** still has the standard figurative meaning of “in the presence of,” it is a much more literal use here. Moses is to actually do the miracles in front of Pharaoh so he can see them. Alternative translation: “so Pharaoh can see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '21', 'ovma', 'grammar-connect-logic-contrast', 'וַ\u2060אֲנִי֙ אֲחַזֵּ֣ק', '1', '', 'Referring to himself in the opening of this sentence serves to emphasize a contrast in what might be expected and what will happen. Translate this in a way that clearly contrasts the performance of miracles before Pharaoh (which might be expected to lead to him releasing the Israelites) with what Yahweh says he will do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '21', 'uvoh', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060אֲנִי֙ אֲחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבּ֔\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'This means that God will make him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart would be made stronger. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. Alternate translation: “But as for me, I will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '21', 'uudz', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֥א יְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָ\u2060עָֽם', '1', '', 'Make it clear in your translation that this is a result of God hardening Pharaoh’s heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '22', 'ftde', '', 'כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה', '1', '', 'This is the first of hundreds of occurrences throughout the Old Testament of a standard phrase used to introduce direct, authoritative instruction from Yahweh. It would be good for your team to have a standard way to translate this that makes it clear that the words that come next are directly from God. If your language has a standard way of introducing a new message from your rulers that alerts the hearers that these are the words of the rulers, that would be a good phrase to consider.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '22', 'zb2e', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'כֹּ֚ה', '1', '', '**Thus** begins a second-level quotation that continues until the end of [4:23](../04/23.md). It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer level, the first level. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '22', 'teyy', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה', '1', '', 'This begins a second-level quotation that continues until the end of [4:23](../04/23.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation. However, you may want to translate this as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the levels of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “that Yahweh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '22', 'kud7', 'figs-quotemarks', 'בְּנִ֥\u2060י', '1', '', 'This is the beginning of a third-level quotation that continues until the end of [4:23](../04/23.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening third-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation within a quotation. (If you chose to translate, “Thus says Yahweh,” as an indirect quote, this will be a second- level quotation.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '22', 'gr2d', 'figs-metaphor', 'בְּנִ֥\u2060י בְכֹרִ֖\u2060י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃', '1', '', 'Some languages may need to change the metaphor here into a simile. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '22', 'pt4n', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'יִשְׂרָאֵֽל', '1', 'Israel is my son', 'The word **Israel** here represents all the people of Israel as a group. It is important to keep the singular reference to Israel as son, rather than change it to something like ‘the Israelites are my children,’ because God is making a particular contrast here between his son and Pharaoh’s son. Some languages may not be able to use “Israel” as a collective noun and may need to choose a translation like “the nation of Israel” or “the Israelite nation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '22', 'nbn7', 'figs-metonymy', 'יִשְׂרָאֵֽל', '1', '', 'The Israelite nation is often referred to simply by the name of the patriarch. For alternative translation see: [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/22/pt4n]] (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '23', 'syar', 'figs-quotemarks', 'שַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־בְּנִ\u2060י֙ וְ\u2060יַֽעַבְדֵ֔\u2060נִי', '1', '', 'This is a fourth-level quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer levels. (If you chose to translate “Thus says Yahweh” as an indirect quote, this will be a third-level quotation.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '23', 'yyuo', 'figs-quotations', 'וָ\u2060אֹמַ֣ר אֵלֶ֗י\u2060ךָ שַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־בְּנִ\u2060י֙ וְ\u2060יַֽעַבְדֵ֔\u2060נִי וַ\u2060תְּמָאֵ֖ן', '1', '', 'The fourth-level quotation here may be a good one to translate as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the levels of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “and I told you to let my son go that he may serve me. But you have refused” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '23', 'k7mh', 'figs-metaphor', 'בְּנִ\u2060י֙', '1', 'you have refused to let him go', 'Yahweh continues to metaphorically speak of Israel as **my son.** See what you did at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/22/1od0]]. Alternative translation: “the Israelite nation which is like a son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '23', 'u825', 'figs-pronouns', 'וְ\u2060יַֽעַבְדֵ֔\u2060נִי…לְ\u2060שַׁלְּח֑\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'The pronouns **he** and **him** agree with “son.” What you use may depend on how you translated son at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/23/k7mh]]. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '23', 'ot2b', '', 'הִנֵּה֙', '1', '', 'This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. Alternative translation: “Know this”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '23', 're11', '', 'בִּנְ\u2060ךָ֖', '1', 'I will certainly kill your son, your firstborn', 'This refers to the actual son of Pharaoh.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '23', 'ubcw', 'figs-quotemarks', 'בִּנְ\u2060ךָ֖ בְּכֹרֶֽ\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'After this phrase, the three levels of direct quotations end bringing a complete close to all quotations that started in verses [21](../04/21.md) and [22](../04/22.md). If you are using direct quotations, at the end of this verse you should have three closing markers, third level, second level and first level. In English, it looks like **” ’ ”** (without spaces). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '24', 'sp6h', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יְהִ֥י', '1', 'Yahweh met Moses and tried to kill him', 'This introduces a new event. Mark the transition in a natural way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '24', 'p820', 'writing-participants', 'וַ\u2060יִּפְגְּשֵׁ֣\u2060הוּ…הֲמִיתֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'Here, it is not clear who **him** refers to. Most commentators believe it refers to Moses, but it could refer to the son, though that is less likely. If it is necessary to choose for your translation, use Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '24', 'qeo5', 'writing-participants', 'הֲמִיתֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'Here, **he** refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '25', 'm1la', 'translate-names', 'צִפֹּרָ֜ה', '1', 'Zipporah', 'This is the name of Moses’s wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '25', 'sftg', 'writing-participants', 'צִפֹּרָ֜ה', '1', '', 'Zipporah is introduced here as a new participant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '25', 'a36h', 'translate-unknown', 'צֹ֗ר', '1', 'flint knife', 'This was a knife with a sharpened stone blade. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '25', 'nkxn', 'translate-unknown', 'עָרְלַ֣ת', '1', '', 'The**foreskin** is the retractable fold of skin which covers and protects the end of the penis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '25', 'l6sr', 'figs-euphemism', 'לְ\u2060רַגְלָ֑י\u2060ו', '1', 'to his feet', 'It is possible that the word **feet** may have been a more respectful way to refer to the genital area of the body. However, that possibility is not high enough that you should translate it either literally as genitals or with another euphemism meaning genitals in your language. If you have a word that means primarily feet or legs, but could in some cases also euphemistically mean genitals, you may consider it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '25', 'iuzw', 'figs-quotemarks', 'כִּ֧י חֲתַן־דָּמִ֛ים אַתָּ֖ה לִֽ\u2060י', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '25', 'b2t3', 'figs-metaphor', 'כִּ֧י חֲתַן־דָּמִ֛ים אַתָּ֖ה לִֽ\u2060י', '1', 'you are a bridegroom to me by blood', 'The meaning of this metaphor is unclear. It was probably a known saying in that culture. Alternate translation: “you are related to me by this blood” or “you are my husband because of blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '26', 'ceqk', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וַ\u2060יִּ֖רֶף', '1', '', 'As a result of Zipporah’s action. Consider a conjunction or other form that expresses result as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '26', 'o4zt', 'writing-participants', 'וַ\u2060יִּ֖רֶף', '1', '', '“Yahweh relented” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '26', 'k136', 'writing-participants', 'מִמֶּ֑\u2060נּוּ', '1', '', 'As in [4:24](../04/24.md) this could mean either Moses or the son, but most commentators think it is still Moses. The UST uses “anyone” to preserve ambiguity. Alternative translation: “from Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '26', 'r8hj', 'figs-quotations', 'חֲתַ֥ן דָּמִ֖ים', '1', '', 'This is a unique quotation because Zipporah probably does not speak again; rather, the quotation refers back to her statement in [4:25](../04/25.md). Your language may handle this sort of quotation in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '26', 'abmg', 'figs-quotemarks', 'חֲתַ֥ן דָּמִ֖ים לַ\u2060מּוּלֹֽת', '1', '', 'It is not clear if the quotation includes **because of the circumcision** or if that is a comment explaining the quotation. Translations are divided in where they end the quotation, but most exclude **because of the circumcision** and it is best to follow that unless a locally respected translation includes it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '27', 'xk6b', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֤אמֶר', '1', 'Yahweh said to Aaron', 'You may want to add a word that marks the beginning of a new part of the story, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '27', 'qxpc', 'writing-participants', 'אַהֲרֹ֔ן', '1', '', '**Aaron** is introduced as a new participant. Some languages may mark this in some way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '27', 'fply', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לֵ֛ךְ לִ\u2060קְרַ֥את מֹשֶׁ֖ה הַ\u2060מִּדְבָּ֑רָ\u2060ה', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '27', 'wy4n', 'figs-possession', 'בְּ\u2060הַ֥ר הָ\u2060אֱלֹהִ֖ים', '1', 'at the mountain of God', 'See how you translated this in [3:1](../03/01.md), consult this this note: [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/03/01/p27s]] (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '27', 'tfn2', 'translate-symaction', 'וַ\u2060יִּשַּׁק', '1', '', 'This was a traditional way of greeting which showed love. You can make this explicit as the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '28', 'ad9x', '', 'שְׁלָח֑\u2060וֹ…צִוָּֽ\u2060הוּ', '1', '', 'These are a bit awkward to translate in English, so the UST adds more information. Other languages may not have the same difficulty.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '28', 'b429', 'writing-participants', 'שְׁלָח֑\u2060וֹ…צִוָּֽ\u2060הוּ', '1', 'he had sent him to say', 'The words **he** refers to Yahweh, and **him** refers to Moses. Alternative translation: “Yahweh sent Moses…Yahweh commanded Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '29', 'y8o3', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יֵּ֥לֶךְ', '1', '', 'This begins a new event which you may need to mark in your translation with a transitional word like the UST’s “When.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '30', 'bm2x', 'figs-metonymy', 'לְ\u2060עֵינֵ֥י הָ\u2060עָֽם', '1', 'in the sight of the people', 'This means he did the signs so they could see them. Alternative translation: “in their sight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '30', 'x1v3', 'writing-participants', 'הָ\u2060עָֽם', '1', '', 'Context suggests that **people** refers to the leaders gathered in [4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '31', 'glp2', 'writing-participants', 'הָ\u2060עָ֑ם', '1', '', 'Context suggests that **people** refers to the leaders gathered in [4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '31', 'q1er', '', 'פָקַ֨ד…בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל', '1', 'had observed the Israelites', '“saw the Israelites” or “was concerned about the Israelites”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '4', '31', 'g83a', 'translate-symaction', 'וַֽ\u2060יִּקְּד֖וּ וַ\u2060יִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּֽוּ', '1', 'they bowed their heads', 'Alternative translations: “they bowed their heads in awe” or “they bowed down low in reverence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', 'intro', 'kea2', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 05 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### A slave’s work
The Egyptians were known for making their slaves do a lot of work. The Israelite slaves were forced to make a specific number of bricks every day. In this chapter, they were required not only to make these bricks, but also to gather straw, one of the raw materials, in order to make these bricks.
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### “Let my people go”
This is a very important statement. Moses does not seek permission to leave, asking Pharaoh to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he demands that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
### Titles
The leaders are given different titles in this chapter. The ULT uses “taskmasters” and “foremen.” Many cultures will not have these types of titles. Generic expressions like “Egyptian leaders” and “Hebrew leaders” may be necessary.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '1', 'q0zv', 'writing-newevent', 'וְ\u2060אַחַ֗ר בָּ֚אוּ מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְ\u2060אַהֲרֹ֔ן וַ\u2060יֹּאמְר֖וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה', '1', '', 'This time phrase, **and afterward**, marks a transition in the narrative. Alternative translation: “After that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '1', 'q9kn', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'וְ\u2060אַחַ֗ר בָּ֚אוּ מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְ\u2060אַהֲרֹ֔ן וַ\u2060יֹּאמְר֖וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה', '1', 'After these things happened', 'It is unclear how long Moses and Aaron waited until they went to see Pharoah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '1', 'cudx', 'figs-go', 'בָּ֚אוּ', '1', '', 'In this instance, depending on how they have to set scenes, some languages may need to use “came in.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '1', 'tsnv', 'writing-participants', 'פַּרְעֹ֑ה', '1', '', 'Pharaoh is reintroduced as a participant in the narrative for the first time since chapter two. Some languages may need to mark his reintroduction in a particular way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '1', 'jarm', 'figs-quotemarks', 'כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔\u2060י וְ\u2060יָחֹ֥גּוּ לִ֖\u2060י בַּ\u2060מִּדְבָּֽר', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '1', 'ckml', 'figs-quotemarks', 'שַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔\u2060י וְ\u2060יָחֹ֥גּוּ לִ֖\u2060י בַּ\u2060מִּדְבָּֽר', '1', '', 'This is a second-level direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '1', 'lu3i', '', 'כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙', '1', '', 'This quotation form is used to introduce commands from Yahweh. See [4:intro](../04/intro.md) for more information.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '1', 'u2vt', '', 'וְ\u2060יָחֹ֥גּוּ', '1', 'festival for me', 'This is a celebration to worship Yahweh. Alternative translation: “so they can worship me with eating and drinking”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '2', 'v4c1', 'grammar-connect-logic-contrast', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֣אמֶר', '1', 'Why should I…let Israel go?', 'The result here is exactly as God has said; therefore, a contrastive transition word is reasonable but not required given the immediate human context. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '2', 'fq6i', 'figs-quotemarks', 'מִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶשְׁמַ֣ע בְּ\u2060קֹל֔\u2060וֹ לְ\u2060שַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לֹ֤א יָדַ֨עְתִּי֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וְ\u2060גַ֥ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹ֥א אֲשַׁלֵּֽחַ', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '2', 'lqwt', '', 'מִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶשְׁמַ֣ע בְּ\u2060קֹל֔\u2060וֹ לְ\u2060שַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל', '1', '', 'This is not a rhetorical question, though Pharaoh may have spoken with contempt. Pharaoh would have considered himself a go. The Egyptians had several gods, and most people groups were assumed to have their own gods. Therefore, Pharaoh had truly not heard of Yahweh (who has just told his name to Moses).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '2', 'wpff', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל…יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל', '1', '', 'Here the nation is spoken of as an individual. Alternative translation: “the nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '2', 'c653', 'figs-metonymy', 'בְּ\u2060קֹל֔\u2060וֹ', '1', 'listen to his voice', 'This represent the words God spoke. Alternate translation: “listen to what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '2', 'ma6b', '', 'וְ\u2060גַ֥ם', '1', '', 'This functions to strengthen Pharaoh’s statement about his decision. Alternative translation: “and most definitely”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '3', 'dt39', 'writing-participants', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ', '1', '', 'It may not make sense in all languages for multiple people to speak. Since Aaron was appointed as Moses’ spokesman, consider the alternative translation: “Aaron replied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '3', 'ru1w', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אֱלֹהֵ֥י הָ\u2060עִבְרִ֖ים נִקְרָ֣א עָלֵ֑י\u2060נוּ נֵ֣לֲכָה נָּ֡א דֶּרֶךְ֩ שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת יָמִ֜ים בַּ\u2060מִּדְבָּ֗ר וְ\u2060נִזְבְּחָה֙ לַֽ\u2060יהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔י\u2060נוּ פֶּ֨ן־יִפְגָּעֵ֔\u2060נוּ בַּ\u2060דֶּ֖בֶר א֥וֹ בֶ\u2060חָֽרֶב', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '3', 'y9ip', '', 'אֱלֹהֵ֥י הָ\u2060עִבְרִ֖ים', '1', 'God of the Hebrews', 'This term is also used for Yahweh, the Israelites’ God.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '3', 'kclj', 'figs-exclusive', 'עָלֵ֑י\u2060נוּ נֵ֣לֲכָה…וְ\u2060נִזְבְּחָה֙…יִפְגָּעֵ֔\u2060נוּ', '1', '', 'Here, **us** (or “we” in UST) refers to the Hebrew people (the Israelites). It exclude Pharaoh and his people. Some languages may need to consider whether to use an inclusive or exclusive form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '3', 'gfs5', 'figs-metonymy', 'בֶ\u2060חָֽרֶב', '1', 'or with the sword', 'Here, **sword** represents war or an attack by enemies. Alternate translation: “cause our enemies to attack us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '4', 'cb7w', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לָ֚\u2060מָּה מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְ\u2060אַהֲרֹ֔ן תַּפְרִ֥יעוּ אֶת־הָ\u2060עָ֖ם מִ\u2060מַּֽעֲשָׂ֑י\u2060ו לְכ֖וּ לְ\u2060סִבְלֹתֵי\u2060כֶֽם', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '4', 'kl1i', 'figs-rquestion', 'לָ֚\u2060מָּה מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְ\u2060אַהֲרֹ֔ן תַּפְרִ֥יעוּ אֶת־הָ\u2060עָ֖ם מִ\u2060מַּֽעֲשָׂ֑י\u2060ו', '1', 'why are you taking the people from their work?', 'Pharaoh uses this question to express his anger towards Moses and Aaron for taking the Israelites away from their work. Alternate translation: “Stop distracting the people from doing their work!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '4', 'fiw9', 'figs-rquestion', 'לְכ֖וּ לְ\u2060סִבְלֹתֵי\u2060כֶֽם', '1', '', 'This **your** could refer to Moses and Aaron, or it could mean “all you Israelite people.” The second meaning is more likely. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual or plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '5', 'nqbe', 'figs-aside', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֣אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֔ה', '1', '', 'It is unusual for the same speaker to be reintroduced like this. Some translations omit the repetition, but there is another option. This statement may be more connected to the next couple of verses, so it might be appropriate to make a minor break before this verse. Pharaoh may have been more commenting to himself, or he only thought this statement silently, and it led to his next actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-aside]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '5', 'todi', '', 'הֵן', '1', '', 'This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '5', 'c53k', 'figs-youdual', 'וְ\u2060הִשְׁבַּתֶּ֥ם', '1', '', 'Here, **you** means Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual form (if you have one) or plural (if not) form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '6', 'ar9m', '', 'אֶת־הַ\u2060נֹּגְשִׂ֣ים בָּ\u2060עָ֔ם וְ\u2060אֶת־שֹׁטְרָ֖י\u2060ו', '1', '', 'Pharaoh may have sent a messenger or messengers to the taskmasters and officers or spoken to one or a few representatives of them at his court rather than speaking to them directly. Alternative translation: “Pharaoh gave an order for the taskmasters among the people and officers that said,”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '6', 'zd4m', '', 'הַ\u2060נֹּגְשִׂ֣ים', '1', 'taskmasters', '**Taskmasters** were Egyptians whose job it was to force the Israelites to do hard work. These are probably the same as the “overseers” of labor gangs from [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md), but here the term is harsher. Alternative translation: “oppressors”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '6', 'gsdx', '', 'שֹׁטְרָ֖י\u2060ו', '1', '', '**Officers** were probably Israelite slaves who were in charge of the other Israelites but who answered to the Egyptian taskmasters.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '6', 'dxih', '', 'לֵ\u2060אמֹֽר', '1', '', 'This is a way of introducing a direct quotation in Hebrew; most translations can omit it without harm.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '7', 'k6io', 'figs-youdual', 'לֹ֣א תֹאסִפ֞וּ\u2060ן', '1', '', 'This command was given to multiple people; if your language distinguishes between singular and plural forms when giving commands, make sure this is a plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '7', 'kfhw', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לֹ֣א תֹאסִפ֞וּ\u2060ן', '1', '', 'Verses 7-9 are a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate the start here with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of the quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '7', 'p9nx', 'figs-idiom', 'כִּ\u2060תְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֑ם', '1', 'you must no longer give', 'This is a Hebrew idiom meaning “in the past.” Alternative translation: “as before” or “as previously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '8', 'izkf', 'figs-youdual', 'תָּשִׂ֣ימוּ', '1', '', 'If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '8', 'ro25', 'translate-unknown', 'הַ\u2060לְּבֵנִ֜ים', '1', '', '**Bricks** are hardened clay blocks for building. See how you translated in [1:14][../01/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '8', 'dlzx', 'figs-idiom', 'תְּמ֤וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם֙', '1', '', 'This is a Hebrew idiom meaning “in the past.” See how you translated this in [5:7](../05/07md) Alternative translation: “before” or “previously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '8', 'vd10', 'figs-quotemarks', 'נֵלְכָ֖ה נִזְבְּחָ֥ה לֵ\u2060אלֹהֵֽי\u2060נוּ', '1', '', 'This is a second-level direct quotation. It is a quote of Moses and Aaron. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '9', 'xca1', 'figs-idiom', 'וְ\u2060אַל־יִשְׁע֖וּ בְּ\u2060דִבְרֵי־שָֽׁקֶר', '1', '', 'Here words are spoken of as if they could be looked upon. Alternative translation: as UST or “and not listen to words that are lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '10', 'ozzn', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יֵּ֨צְא֜וּ', '1', '', 'This begins a new scene, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '10', 'x4bi', '', 'נֹגְשֵׂ֤י', '1', 'taskmasters', '**Taskmasters** were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [5:6](../05/6.md). See [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/05/06/zd4m]]']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '10', 'zvxx', '', 'כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר פַּרְעֹ֔ה', '1', '', 'This is the same quote form as is used for when Yahweh gives a direct command. See [4:intro](../04/intro.md) for more information.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '10', 'c12s', 'figs-quotations', 'וַ\u2060יֹּאמְר֥וּ אֶל־הָ\u2060עָ֖ם לֵ\u2060אמֹ֑ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר פַּרְעֹ֔ה', '1', '', 'It might be helpful in some languages to translate **thus says Pharaoh** as an indirect quote so that his conveyed command is not a quote within a quote. Alternate translation: “and told the people that Pharaoh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '10', 'mkom', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'אֵינֶ֛\u2060נִּי', '1', '', 'This is a the beginning of a second-level quotation that continues until the end of verse 11. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the start of a quotation within a quotation. However, you could also translate this as an indirect quote. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '10', 'ad73', 'grammar-connect-logic-contrast', 'אֵינֶ֛\u2060נִּי נֹתֵ֥ן לָ\u2060כֶ֖ם תֶּֽבֶן', '1', '', 'The structure of this phrase and the one that opens [the next verse](../05/11.md) create a strong contrast between what **I** (Pharaoh) and **you** (you all, the Israelites) will do. Translate this in a way that emphasizes, if possible, the contrast between “I” and “you.” Alternative translation: “It is not I who will give you straw.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '10', 'si2e', 'figs-metonymy', 'אֵינֶ֛\u2060נִּי', '1', '', 'Pharaoh does not physically give the Israelites straw. Rather, he had commanded his servants take straw that belongs to Pharaoh and give it to the Israelites. Now he told his servants to stop providing straw. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '10', 'gb4d', 'figs-youdual', 'לָ\u2060כֶ֖ם', '1', 'I will no longer give you', '**You**is plural and refers to the Israelite people. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '11', 'ewg6', 'grammar-connect-logic-contrast', 'אַתֶּ֗ם לְכ֨וּ קְח֤וּ לָ\u2060כֶם֙ תֶּ֔בֶן מֵ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֖ר תִּמְצָ֑אוּ', '1', '', 'The structure of this phrase serves as the opposing side of the contrast Pharaoh sets up in the last phrase. By explicitly using a pronoun with a command, he is emphasizing who will go get straw. If possible, translate this in a way that emphasizes the contrast between “I” and “you.” See [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/05/10/7zfp]] for more info. Alternative translation: “Rather, it is you yourselves who must go get straw from wherever you might find it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '11', 'xe4i', 'figs-youdual', 'אַתֶּ֗ם', '1', 'you can find…your workload', 'Here, **you** is plural and refers to the Israelite people. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '11', 'w918', 'figs-rpronouns', 'אַתֶּ֗ם…לָ\u2060כֶם֙', '1', 'You yourselves must go', 'The repetition of **you** emphasizes that the Egyptians will no longer help the slaves. Alternative translation: see UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '11', 'g5vb', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין נִגְרָ֛ע מֵ\u2060עֲבֹדַתְ\u2060כֶ֖ם דָּבָֽר', '1', 'your workload will not be reduced', 'This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “for you must continue to make the same number of bricks as before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '11', 'ucrc', 'figs-quotemarks', 'כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין נִגְרָ֛ע מֵ\u2060עֲבֹדַתְ\u2060כֶ֖ם דָּבָֽר', '1', '', 'After this phrase (at the end of the verse), the direct quotes end. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level (and second-level if you made both levels direct quotes) quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '12', 's9dk', 'figs-hyperbole', 'בְּ\u2060כָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם', '1', 'throughout all the land of Egypt', 'This is a generalization used to show the extra effort Israel made to meet Pharaoh’s demands. Alternate translation: “to many places throughout Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '12', 'q7y7', 'translate-unknown', 'קַ֖שׁ', '1', 'stubble', '**Stubble** is the part of a plant that is left over after harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '13', 'th6x', '', 'וְ\u2060הַ\u2060נֹּגְשִׂ֖ים', '1', 'taskmasters', '**Taskmasters** were Egyptians whose job it was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 5:6](../05/06.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '13', 'ikkf', 'writing-participants', 'וְ\u2060הַ\u2060נֹּגְשִׂ֖ים', '1', '', 'The change of subject is emphasized here. If your language has a way of specifically focusing on the actor in a narrative, use it here. See the UST for how that is done in English. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '13', 'd86r', 'figs-quotemarks', 'כַּלּ֤וּ מַעֲשֵׂי\u2060כֶם֙ דְּבַר־י֣וֹם בְּ\u2060יוֹמ֔\u2060וֹ כַּ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּ\u2060הְי֥וֹת הַ\u2060תֶּֽבֶן', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '13', 'a5ja', '', 'דְּבַר־י֣וֹם בְּ\u2060יוֹמ֔\u2060וֹ', '1', '', '**Day by day** means “daily.” Alternative translation: “the daily task”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '14', 'h4uo', '', 'נֹגְשֵׂ֥י', '1', '', '**Taskmasters** are Egyptians whose job it was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 5:6](../05/06.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '14', 'unbc', 'figs-activepassive', 'וַ\u2060יֻּכּ֗וּ שֹֽׁטְרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל', '1', '', 'The text does not specify who beat the officers. It was probably either the taskmasters or someone the taskmasters ordered to beat the officers. If your language cannot express this with the passive, you can make the taskmasters the subject. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '14', 'eq22', 'figs-rquestion', 'מַדּ֡וּעַ לֹא֩ כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְ\u2060כֶ֤ם לִ\u2060לְבֹּן֙ כִּ\u2060תְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּם־תְּמ֖וֹל גַּם־הַ\u2060יּֽוֹם', '1', 'Why have you not produced all the bricks required of you…in the past?', 'The taskmasters used this question to show they were angry with the lack of bricks. Alternate translation: “You are not producing enough bricks, either yesterday or today, as you did in the past!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '14', 'nk4i', 'figs-quotemarks', 'מַדּ֡וּעַ לֹא֩ כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְ\u2060כֶ֤ם לִ\u2060לְבֹּן֙ כִּ\u2060תְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּם־תְּמ֖וֹל גַּם־הַ\u2060יּֽוֹם', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '14', 'oh6o', 'figs-youdual', 'כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְ\u2060כֶ֤ם', '1', '', 'Here, **you** and **your** are plural. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. However, also see [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/05/14/emq7]]. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '14', 'emq7', 'figs-synecdoche', 'כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְ\u2060כֶ֤ם', '1', 'cried out', 'Here, **you** and **your** do not simply refer to the officers; they refer to the groups of Israelite workers the officers are in charge of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '14', 'liz8', 'figs-idiom', 'כִּ\u2060תְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם', '1', '', 'This is a Hebrew idiom meaning “in the past.” Here it specifically refers to the time before the Egyptians stopped giving the Israelites straw. See how you translated this in [5:7](../05/07md) Alternative translation: “before” or “previously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '14', 'zklg', '', 'גַּם־תְּמ֖וֹל גַּם־הַ\u2060יּֽוֹם', '1', '', 'This time expression refers to more recent days, ones since the Egyptians stopped providing the straw to the Israelites.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '15', 'bk9h', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יָּבֹ֗אוּ', '1', '', 'This begins a new scene, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. The officers have gone to where Pharaoh is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '15', 'thlj', 'figs-go', 'וַ\u2060יָּבֹ֗אוּ', '1', '', 'You will need to decide if go or come is the better translation in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '15', 'en1t', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לָ֧\u2060מָּה', '1', '', 'This begins a direct quote that continues to the end of the [next verse](../05/16.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '15', 'm2nz', 'figs-123person', 'לַ\u2060עֲבָדֶֽי\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'Here, the Israelite officers use the term **your servants** to refer to themselves in the third person as a way of showing humility. It is also possible that they mean to include all the Israelites. Either option is valid if your language must state who is meant by “your servants.” Alternate translation: “to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '16', 'yeql', 'figs-activepassive', 'תֶּ֗בֶן אֵ֤ין נִתָּן֙ לַ\u2060עֲבָדֶ֔י\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'The text does not specify who is not giving them straw. From context, the taskmasters and, by implication, Pharaoh himself are the ones not doing this. If your language cannot express this with the passive, you can make the taskmasters or Pharaoh the subject. Alternative translation: “You are not giving your servants any straw.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '16', 'qp5j', 'figs-123person', 'לַ\u2060עֲבָדֶ֔י\u2060ךָ…עֲבָדֶ֛י\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'Here, the Israelite officers use the term **your servants** to refer to themselves in the third person as a way of showing humility. It is also possible that they mean to include all the Israelites. Either option is valid if your language must state who is meant by “your servants.” Alternate translation: “to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '16', 'hsa6', 'writing-participants', 'אֹמְרִ֥ים', '1', 'they are still telling us, ‘Make bricks!’', '**They** refers to the Egyptian taskmasters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '16', 'civf', 'figs-quotemarks', 'וּ\u2060לְבֵנִ֛ים…עֲשׂ֑וּ', '1', '', '**Make bricks** is a second-level direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '16', 'm0go', '', 'וְ\u2060הִנֵּ֧ה', '1', '', 'This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '16', 'xrly', 'figs-activepassive', 'עֲבָדֶ֛י\u2060ךָ מֻכִּ֖ים', '1', '', 'The text does not specify who beat the officers. It was probably either the taskmasters or someone the taskmasters ordered to beat the officers. If your language cannot express this with the passive, you can make the taskmasters the subject. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '16', 'ff2k', 'figs-euphemism', 'וְ\u2060חָטָ֥את עַמֶּֽ\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'The Israelites are indirectly accusing Pharaoh of doing wrong. To translate this, consider polite or indirect ways of making accusations in your culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '16', 'l7sn', '', 'וְ\u2060חָטָ֥את', '1', '', '“but it is the wrong-doing of”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '17', 'cw5u', 'figs-youdual', 'אַתֶּ֖ם…אַתֶּ֣ם', '1', '', 'These uses of **you** are plural. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '17', 'zlkc', 'figs-exclamations', 'נִרְפִּ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם נִרְפִּ֑ים', '1', '', 'Pharaoh repeats himself for emphasis. In your translation, make sure the idea of laziness or idleness is repeated or strengthened in a way that is natural. Alternative translation: “You are extremely lazy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '17', 'a8o2', 'figs-quotemarks', 'נֵלְכָ֖ה נִזְבְּחָ֥ה לַֽ\u2060יהוָֽה', '1', '', 'Here the king is quoting another person’s speech. This is a second-level quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '18', 'x9j7', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060תֶ֖בֶן לֹא־יִנָּתֵ֣ן לָ\u2060כֶ֑ם', '1', '', 'You can translate this in active voice if needed. The subject could be “I” (as in Pharaoh) or “we” (as in the Egyptians or Pharaoh and his taskmasters) or “my people.” See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '18', 'z6wt', 'figs-youdual', 'לָ\u2060כֶ֑ם…תִּתֵּֽנּוּ', '1', '', 'This means all the Israelites or the officers as representatives of all the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '19', 'x6pp', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וַ\u2060יִּרְא֞וּ שֹֽׁטְרֵ֧י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֹתָ֖\u2060ם בְּ\u2060רָ֣ע לֵ\u2060אמֹ֑ר לֹא־תִגְרְע֥וּ מִ\u2060לִּבְנֵי\u2060כֶ֖ם דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּ\u2060יוֹמֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'You may need to reorder the events in this verse in your language to put the reason before the result. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '19', 'i3ot', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לֹא־תִגְרְע֥וּ מִ\u2060לִּבְנֵי\u2060כֶ֖ם דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּ\u2060יוֹמֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation of what Pharaoh said. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation of another person’s speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '19', 'l9d2', 'figs-rpronouns', 'אֹתָ֖\u2060ם', '1', 'when they were told', 'Here the officers are both the subject and object, because they are thinking about their own situation. Different languages have different methods of marking this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '19', 'j6f9', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּרְא֞וּ…אֹתָ֖\u2060ם בְּ\u2060רָ֣ע לֵ\u2060אמֹ֑ר', '1', '', '“knew that they were in trouble, because the king said” or “perceived themselves in danger, because the king said”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '20', 've3z', 'writing-newevent', 'וַֽ\u2060יִּפְגְּעוּ֙', '1', 'palace', 'A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '20', 's9d2', 'writing-participants', 'וַֽ\u2060יִּפְגְּעוּ֙…לִ\u2060קְרָאתָ֑\u2060ם בְּ\u2060צֵאתָ֖\u2060ם', '1', '', 'Here, **they** and **them** refer to the officers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '21', 'jsbv', 'figs-quotemarks', 'יֵ֧רֶא יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵי\u2060כֶ֖ם וְ\u2060יִשְׁפֹּ֑ט אֲשֶׁ֧ר הִבְאַשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־רֵיחֵ֗\u2060נוּ בְּ\u2060עֵינֵ֤י פַרְעֹה֙ וּ\u2060בְ\u2060עֵינֵ֣י עֲבָדָ֔י\u2060ו לָֽ\u2060תֶת־חֶ֥רֶב בְּ\u2060יָדָ֖\u2060ם לְ\u2060הָרְגֵֽ\u2060נוּ', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '21', 'kv0v', '', 'יֵ֧רֶא יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵי\u2060כֶ֖ם וְ\u2060יִשְׁפֹּ֑ט', '1', '', 'They used this form to curse Moses and Aaron.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '21', 'vfit', 'figs-youdual', 'עֲלֵי\u2060כֶ֖ם וְ\u2060יִשְׁפֹּ֑ט', '1', '', '**You** refers to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual or plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '21', 'j3zp', 'figs-metaphor', 'הִבְאַשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־רֵיחֵ֗\u2060נוּ בְּ\u2060עֵינֵ֤י פַרְעֹה֙ וּ\u2060בְ\u2060עֵינֵ֣י עֲבָדָ֔י\u2060ו', '1', 'you have made us offensive', 'The Egyptians responded to the Israelites the same way they would respond to a foul odor. Alternate translation: “you have caused Pharaoh and his servants to hate us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '21', 'd592', 'figs-metonymy', 'חֶ֥רֶב בְּ\u2060יָדָ֖\u2060ם', '1', 'have put a sword in their hand to kill us', 'Here, **a sword into their hand** is a metonym for “a reason in their mind.” The Israelites are afraid that the Egyptians will feel that they are doing the right thing if they kill the Israelites, because Moses and Aaron are making demands to the king and because the Egyptians view the Israelites as lazy and dangerous. Alternate translation: “them a reason to think they would be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '22', 'pm0l', 'figs-quotemarks', 'וַ\u2060יֹּאמַ֑ר', '1', '', 'After this phrase, a direct quote begins that continues to the end of the chapter. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '22', 'g4d5', 'figs-rquestion', 'לָ֥\u2060מָּה זֶּ֖ה שְׁלַחְתָּֽ\u2060נִי', '1', 'Lord, why have you caused trouble for this people?', 'This question shows how disappointed Moses was that the Egyptians were treating the Israelites even more harshly now. He is expressing that he thinks God has caused the opposite of what he promised to happen. Alternate translation: “You sent me to rescue them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '23', 'v2k2', 'figs-metonymy', 'בִּ\u2060שְׁמֶ֔\u2060ךָ', '1', 'to speak to him in your name', 'Here, **in your name** indicates that Moses delivers Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “for you” or “your message for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '23', 'fzir', 'figs-idiom', 'וְ\u2060הַצֵּ֥ל לֹא־הִצַּ֖לְתָּ', '1', '', 'In Hebrew, **rescued** is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '5', '23', 'ce6s', 'figs-idiom', 'עַמֶּֽ\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'After this phrase, the direct quote of Moses that began in the [previous verse](../05/22.md) ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', 'intro', 'we5k', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 06 General Notes
## Possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Repetition of events:
Most of the content of this chapter is very similar to the events and dialogue in chapters 3-4. For consistency, translators should consult the decisions they made there while keeping in mind that this narrative is not exactly the same. Also, verses 10-12 and verses 28-30 are very similar to each other. These events are probably a recommissioning of Moses. After his first encounter with Pharaoh went very poorly and the Israelites seem to reject God, reminds Moses of God’s promises and power.
### Referring to God
A name for God (**Yahweh**) and a title for God (**El Shaddai**) are mentioned in this chapter ([6:2](../06/02.md)\\-[6:3](../06/03.md)). The precise meaning of El Shaddai is not known, but most scholars think it means something like “almighty.” Translators who have worked on Genesis may find confusing the statement that Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob did not know Yahweh as the name of God.
### Other possible translation difficulties:
With little explanation, a large portion of the chapter is devoted to the genealogy of Moses and Aaron. Some of the people in the genealogy lived much longer than is normal for humans today. If translators are not familiar with the lengths of people’s lives in the early days of the world (as recorded in Genesis, especially chapter 5), this may cause confusion.
## Study concepts in this chapter
### Promised Land
According to the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham, Egypt is not the home of the Hebrew people. Their home is the Promised Land in Canaan. The people are to return home to their land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
### “Let my people go”
This is a very important statement. Moses is not asking Pharaoh to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
### God and his people
In verse 7, note mention of a very important biblical theme of God being “your God” and the special relationship that his people have with him.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '1', 'ip5i', 'figs-quotemarks', 'עַתָּ֣ה תִרְאֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֖ה לְ\u2060פַרְעֹ֑ה כִּ֣י בְ\u2060יָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ יְשַׁלְּחֵ֔\u2060ם וּ\u2060בְ\u2060יָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֔ה יְגָרְשֵׁ֖\u2060ם מֵ\u2060אַרְצֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '1', 'lu95', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'עַתָּ֣ה', '1', '', 'This refers to future events starting very soon. Alternative translation: “Starting soon” or “Very soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '1', 'ece6', 'figs-metonymy', 'בְ\u2060יָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙…וּ\u2060בְ\u2060יָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֔ה', '1', 'my strong hand', '**Hand** is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “by a strong power … and by a strong power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '1', 'utnn', 'figs-metonymy', 'בְ\u2060יָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙…וּ\u2060בְ\u2060יָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֔ה', '1', '', 'It is not clear in the text whose **hand** is referred to here. The options are: (1) Both refer to God’s hand (forcing Pharaoh’s actions), (2) Both refer to Pharaoh’s hand (forcing the Israelites out), (3) They don’t refer to the same person’s hand; the first refers to God’s and the second to Pharaoh’s. The UST has followed (1) which is the most common interpretation. Alternate translation: (1) “by my strong hand … and by my strong hand” or (2) “by his strong hand … and by his strong hand” or (3) “by my strong hand … and by his strong hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '1', 'vdno', 'figs-parallelism', 'כִּ֣י בְ\u2060יָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ יְשַׁלְּחֵ֔\u2060ם וּ\u2060בְ\u2060יָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֔ה יְגָרְשֵׁ֖\u2060ם מֵ\u2060אַרְצֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'These two phrases mean similar things. God says the same thing twice, in similar ways, for emphasis. You do not need to repeat both phrases in your translation if that might be confusing for your readers. Instead, if it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “I will force him to let my people leave the land” However, there is a slight difference in meaning, and you could also choose to bring that out in your translation. The second phrase intensifies the first by portraying Pharaoh as not merely letting the Israelites go, but as forcing them to leave the land. Alternate translation: “I will force him to let them go, in fact, I will force him to force them to leave his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '1', 'sdon', '', 'מֵ\u2060אַרְצֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', '', '“from Egypt”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '2', 'wse5', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יְדַבֵּ֥ר אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַ\u2060יֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖י\u2060ו', '1', '', 'There is a transition here. Before this verse, Yahweh was answering Moses’ question more directly. At the beginning of this verse, Yahweh is reintroduced as “God” because he begins to make a clarifying statement about himself and his relationship with the Israelites and their ancestors as well as his plans for the Israelites. Much of this section repeats what Yahweh has already told Moses. You may want to consider a section break before this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '2', 'kcty', 'figs-quotemarks', 'וַ\u2060יְדַבֵּ֥ר אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַ\u2060יֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖י\u2060ו', '1', '', 'After this phrase a direct quote begins that continues until the end of [verse 8](../06/08.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '3', 'l81y', 'translate-transliterate', 'בְּ\u2060אֵ֣ל שַׁדָּ֑י', '1', 'I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob', 'This is a title for God that many scholars think means “almighty.” You will need to decide if you will transliterate the term into your language or translate the meaning. Either approach has broad support. Alternative translation: “as the strongest God of all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '3', 'm27p', 'figs-activepassive', 'וּ\u2060שְׁמִ֣\u2060י יְהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖עְתִּי לָ\u2060הֶֽם', '1', 'I was not known to them', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but they did not know me by my name Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '3', 'e36z', '', 'וּ\u2060שְׁמִ֣\u2060י יְהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖עְתִּי לָ\u2060הֶֽם', '1', '', 'This statement is very difficult to understand as God’s name, Yahweh, is used throughout Genesis, including by Abraham and others. There are many theories about what it means; the view followed by the UST is that now God is revealing to the Israelites a fuller meaning of his divine name than what Abraham and others knew. Alternate translation: “but my name Yahweh was not understood by them”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '4', 'zxvc', 'figs-quotations', 'לָ\u2060תֵ֥ת לָ\u2060הֶ֖ם אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן', '1', '', 'This is the content of the covenant promise from God to his people. Some languages may need to make this part a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “ I said, ‘I will give you the land of Canaan’ ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '4', 'gkkc', 'figs-parallelism', 'אֶ֥רֶץ מְגֻרֵי\u2060הֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־גָּ֥רוּ בָֽ\u2060הּ', '1', '', 'These two phrases mean similar things.If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “the land they lived in as temporary residents”; otherwise, “the land that was not their home but where they lived as foreigners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '5', 'l3yc', '', 'נַאֲקַת֙', '1', 'groaning', 'This means making sad sounds because of pain and suffering.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '5', 'aiey', '', 'וָ\u2060אֶזְכֹּ֖ר אֶת־בְּרִיתִֽ\u2060י', '1', '', '**I have remembered my covenant** means God is going to take action. Alternative translation: “I will keep my promise”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '6', 'rgh0', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'לָ\u2060כֵ֞ן', '1', '', 'God is now telling Moses to deliver a message to the Israelites of what God is going to do because of everything that he said in verses 2-5. The reason-result relationship is strongly marked here, so translations should make sure to use a connector that marks verse 6-8 as a result of verses 2-5. Alternate translation: “Because of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '6', 'yv14', '', 'לָ\u2060כֵ֞ן אֱמֹ֥ר לִ\u2060בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל', '1', 'say to the Israelites', 'This is a command from Yahweh to Moses. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh told Moses to say to the Israelites”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '6', 'yg2d', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אֲנִ֣י', '1', '', 'This begins a second-level quotation that continues to the end of Yahweh’s speech at the close of [verse 8](../06/08.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '6', 'we3z', 'figs-youdual', 'אֶתְ\u2060כֶ֗ם…אֶתְ\u2060כֶ֖ם…אֶתְ\u2060כֶם֙', '1', '', '**You** refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '6', 'oqnw', 'figs-synecdoche', 'מִ\u2060תַּ֨חַת֙ סִבְלֹ֣ת מִצְרַ֔יִם', '1', '', 'This refers to all the hard work the Egyptians made the Israelites do. Alternate translation: “from the hard work the Egyptians force you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '6', 'xyn4', 'figs-metaphor', 'בִּ\u2060זְר֣וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֔ה', '1', '', '**Arm** here is a figurative way of referring to God’s power, influence, and capacity for action. **Outstretched** means that he is using that power. Alternate translation: “by my great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '6', 'efx1', '', 'וּ\u2060בִ\u2060שְׁפָטִ֖ים', '1', '', 'Here, the term **judgments** refers to the plagues that God is about to send to harm Egypt and the Egyptians. Each plague is a response to Pharaoh’s stubbornness. Alternate translation: “and by [greatly] harming the Egyptians”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '7', 'o3lb', 'figs-youdual', 'אֶתְ\u2060כֶ֥ם…לָ\u2060כֶ֖ם…וִֽ\u2060ידַעְתֶּ֗ם…אֱלֹ֣הֵי\u2060כֶ֔ם…אֶתְ\u2060כֶ֔ם', '1', '', 'Here every occurrence of **you** refers to the Israelites.If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '7', 'xsdh', 'figs-synecdoche', 'מִ\u2060תַּ֖חַת סִבְל֥וֹת מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', '', 'This refers to all the hard work the Egyptians forced upon the Israelites. See what you did in the previous verse at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/06/07/oqnw]]. Alternate translation: “from the hard work the Egyptians force you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '8', 'h9ho', 'figs-youdual', 'אֶתְ\u2060כֶם֙…לָ\u2060כֶ֛ם', '1', '', 'Here, every occurrence of **you** refers to the Israelites.If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '8', 'g9ru', 'translate-symaction', 'נָשָׂ֨אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔\u2060י', '1', 'I swore', 'This is an action that signifies making an oath. Raising the hand may not have the same meaning in your culture so you may need to use a different symbolic oath-taking action in your translation, or simply translate the meaning. Alternate translation: “I promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '8', 'i3vj', '', 'מוֹרָשָׁ֖ה', '1', '', 'This means the Israelites will own the land. Alternate translation: “as your own land”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '8', 'ipnm', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה', '1', '', 'After this phrase, the direct quote of Yahweh ends. Both the first-level and second-level quotes end. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level and second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation and a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '9', 'aalj', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֤א שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה מִ\u2060קֹּ֣צֶר ר֔וּחַ וּ\u2060מֵ\u2060עֲבֹדָ֖ה קָשָֽׁה', '1', '', 'In some languages it will be necessary to put the reason for the people not listening before the result. Alternate translation: “but because of shortness of spirit and because of hard service, they did not listen to Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '9', 'eph2', '', 'מִ\u2060קֹּ֣צֶר ר֔וּחַ', '1', '', 'Here, the people’s **spirit** is spoken of as something that could be measured. By calling it “short,” the author is saying they did not have very much motivation or hope. Alternate translation: “because they had no hope”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '10', 'tpw4', '', 'לֵּ\u2060אמֹֽר', '1', '', 'This is used to mark the beginning of a direct quotation. It can be omitted if it is unnatural.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '11', 'pi7a', 'figs-quotemarks', 'בֹּ֣א דַבֵּ֔ר אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרָ֑יִם וִֽ\u2060ישַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵ\u2060אַרְצֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '11', 'fxf2', 'figs-quotations', 'וִֽ\u2060ישַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵ\u2060אַרְצֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'This is an indirect quote; in some languages you will have to make it a direct quote. Be careful to change the third-person pronouns to second-person pronouns if you do this. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘You must let the sons of Israel go from your land’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '12', 'rsag', 'figs-quotemarks', 'הֵ֤ן בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֣וּ אֵלַ֔\u2060י וְ\u2060אֵיךְ֙ יִשְׁמָעֵ֣\u2060נִי פַרְעֹ֔ה וַ\u2060אֲנִ֖י עֲרַ֥ל שְׂפָתָֽיִם', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '12', 'h7o0', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה', '1', '', 'Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of a person. There may also be a hint of impudence in Moses’ attitude that is conveyed by saying he **before the face of Yahweh** Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “boldly to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '12', 'iiui', '', 'הֵ֤ן', '1', '', '**Behold** is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation, or you can use an alternate translation like “as you know.”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '12', 'k7hl', 'figs-rquestion', 'הֵ֤ן בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֣וּ אֵלַ֔\u2060י וְ\u2060אֵיךְ֙ יִשְׁמָעֵ֣\u2060נִי פַרְעֹ֔ה', '1', 'If the Israelites have not listened to me, why will Pharaoh listen to me, since I am not good at speaking?', 'Moses asked this question hoping God would change His mind about using Moses. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Since the Israelites did not listen to me, neither will Pharaoh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '12', 'lj51', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'הֵ֤ן בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֣וּ אֵלַ֔\u2060י וְ\u2060אֵיךְ֙ יִשְׁמָעֵ֣\u2060נִי פַרְעֹ֔ה', '1', '', 'Moses is presenting a reasoned argument: since this, then probably that. Use a natural way of expressing such arguments in your language. Alternate translation: “Since the sons of Israel have not listened to me, why would you think Pharaoh would listen to me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '12', 'k3br', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060אֲנִ֖י עֲרַ֥ל שְׂפָתָֽיִם', '1', '', 'This is a metaphor that means that Moses was not a good speaker. It is somewhat crude; your translation of this phrase could convey that Moses spoke impolitely. Alternate translation: “And I do not speak well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '13', 'janr', '', 'וַ\u2060יְצַוֵּ\u2060ם֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְ\u2060אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֖ה', '1', '', 'This phrase is somewhat difficult to translate. Here, **command** could also be translated as “charge” or “commission.” Another difficulty is knowing to whom the command is directed: is it to Moses and Aaron or are they to give the command to Pharaoh and the Israelites, thus **to** could be translated as “for” or “regarding” Alternate translations: “and he charged them regarding the sons of Israel and regarding Pharaoh” or “and he gave them a command for the sons of Israel and for Pharaoh” or “and he gave them a commission to the sons of Israel and to Pharaoh”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '14', 'hh3z', 'writing-background', 'אֵ֖לֶּה', '1', '', 'Verses 14-27 are background information. If your language marks background information with particular discourse features, use them here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '14', 'h195', 'figs-metonymy', 'רָאשֵׁ֣י', '1', 'the heads of their fathers’ houses', 'Here, “heads” refers to the original ancestors of the clan. Alternate translation: “the ancestors of ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '14', 'wv89', 'translate-names', 'רְאוּבֵ֜ן… יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל… חֲנ֤וֹךְ וּ\u2060פַלּוּא֙ חֶצְר֣וֹן וְ\u2060כַרְמִ֔י… רְאוּבֵֽן', '1', 'Hanok, Pallu, Hezron, and Karmi', 'These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '15', 'c1ni', 'translate-names', 'שִׁמְע֗וֹן יְמוּאֵ֨ל וְ\u2060יָמִ֤ין וְ\u2060אֹ֨הַד֙ וְ\u2060יָכִ֣ין וְ\u2060צֹ֔חַר וְ\u2060שָׁא֖וּל…שִׁמְעֽוֹן', '1', 'Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jakin, Zohar, and Shaul', 'These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '16', 'k64h', 'translate-names', 'לֵוִי֙…גֵּרְשׁ֕וֹן וּ\u2060קְהָ֖ת וּ\u2060מְרָרִ֑י…לֵוִ֔י', '1', 'Gershon…Merari', 'These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '16', 'm36f', 'translate-numbers', 'שֶׁ֧בַע וּ\u2060שְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים וּ\u2060מְאַ֖ת', '1', '137 years old', '“one hundred thirty-seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '17', 'alm8', 'translate-names', 'גֵרְשׁ֛וֹן לִבְנִ֥י וְ\u2060שִׁמְעִ֖י', '1', 'Amram…Uzziel', 'These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '18', 'gzm3', 'translate-names', 'קְהָ֔ת עַמְרָ֣ם וְ\u2060יִצְהָ֔ר וְ\u2060חֶבְר֖וֹן וְ\u2060עֻזִּיאֵ֑ל…קְהָ֔ת', '1', '', 'These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '18', 'qu41', 'translate-numbers', 'שָׁלֹ֧שׁ וּ\u2060שְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים וּ\u2060מְאַ֖ת', '1', '133 years old', '“one hundred thirty-three” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '19', 'p5sz', 'translate-names', 'מְרָרִ֖י מַחְלִ֣י וּ\u2060מוּשִׁ֑י', '1', '', 'These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '20', 'ni1l', 'translate-names', 'עַמְרָ֜ם…יוֹכֶ֤בֶד…אַהֲרֹ֖ן…מֹשֶׁ֑ה…עַמְרָ֔ם', '1', '', 'These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '20', 'mh02', 'translate-kinship', 'דֹּֽדָת\u2060וֹ֙', '1', '', 'This word specifically means father’s sister. If your language uses a different term that is specific in this way, translators should use it. Alternate translation: see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '20', 'ti6q', 'translate-numbers', 'שֶׁ֧בַע וּ\u2060שְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים וּ\u2060מְאַ֖ת', '1', '137 years', '“one hundred thirty-seven years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '21', 'f3yr', 'translate-names', 'יִצְהָ֑ר קֹ֥רַח וָ\u2060נֶ֖פֶג וְ\u2060זִכְרִֽי׃', '1', 'Izhar…Korah…Zichri', 'These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '22', 'n7cl', 'translate-names', 'עֻזִּיאֵ֑ל מִֽישָׁאֵ֥ל וְ\u2060אֶלְצָפָ֖ן וְ\u2060סִתְרִֽי', '1', 'Uzziel…Mishael…Sithri', 'These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '23', 'n1xh', 'translate-names', 'אַהֲרֹ֜ן…אֱלִישֶׁ֧בַע…עַמִּינָדָ֛ב…נַחְשׁ֖וֹן…נָדָב֙…אֲבִיה֔וּא…אֶלְעָזָ֖ר…אִֽיתָמָֽר', '1', 'Nadab…Ithamar', 'These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '24', 'rkz9', 'translate-names', 'קֹ֔רַח אַסִּ֥יר וְ\u2060אֶלְקָנָ֖ה וַ\u2060אֲבִיאָסָ֑ף', '1', '', 'These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '24', 'i6o7', 'translate-names', 'הַ\u2060קָּרְחִֽי', '1', '', 'This was the name of the clan of people descended from Korah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '25', 'zvg2', 'translate-names', 'וְ\u2060אֶלְעָזָ֨ר…אַהֲרֹ֜ן…פּֽוּטִיאֵל֙…פִּֽינְחָ֑ס', '1', 'Phinehas', 'These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '25', 'fck8', 'figs-metonymy', 'רָאשֵׁ֛י', '1', 'These were the heads of the fathers’ houses', 'The word “heads” here represents family leaders. Alternate translation: “These were the leaders of the families” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '26', 'dqm8', 'figs-quotemarks', 'הֶ֔ם הוֹצִ֜יאוּ אֶת־בְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מֵ\u2060אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם עַל־צִבְאֹתָֽ\u2060ם', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation of what Yahweh said earlier. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation of a previous remark. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '26', 'ft6y', 'translate-unknown', 'עַל־צִבְאֹתָֽ\u2060ם', '1', 'by their groups of fighting men', 'The term **hosts** refers to a large group of people often organized into groups for war. Alternate translation: “by their groups” or “by their divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '27', 'o7xp', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'לְ\u2060הוֹצִ֥יא', '1', '', 'This expresses their goal when they spoke to Pharaoh. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '28', 'xssl', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יְהִ֗י בְּ\u2060י֨וֹם', '1', '', 'This marks a transition from the record of the genealogy back to the narrative. Consider placing a section break at the start of this verse. Alternate translation: “One day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '29', 'i50m', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לֵּ\u2060אמֹ֖ר', '1', '', 'Here, **saying** is used to mark the beginning of a direct quotation. It can be omitted if unnatural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '29', 'vogm', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה דַּבֵּ֗ר אֶל־פַּרְעֹה֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י דֹּבֵ֥ר אֵלֶֽי\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '30', 'zyqs', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה', '1', '', 'Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of a person. There may also be a hint of impudence in Moses’ attitude that is conveyed by saying he spoke before **the face of Yahweh**. See how you translated this in [6:12](../06/12.md) Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “boldly to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '30', 'nf3w', 'figs-rquestion', 'הֵ֤ן אֲנִי֙ עֲרַ֣ל שְׂפָתַ֔יִם וְ\u2060אֵ֕יךְ יִשְׁמַ֥ע אֵלַ֖\u2060י פַּרְעֹֽה', '1', 'I am not good…why will Pharaoh listen to me?', 'Moses asks this question hoping to change God’s mind about sending him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Behold, I am not a good speaker. Pharaoh will certainly not listen to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '30', 'qvxf', 'figs-quotemarks', 'הֵ֤ן אֲנִי֙ עֲרַ֣ל שְׂפָתַ֔יִם וְ\u2060אֵ֕יךְ יִשְׁמַ֥ע אֵלַ֖\u2060י פַּרְעֹֽה', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '30', 'y4g2', '', 'הֵ֤ן', '1', '', '**Behold** is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation, or you can use an alternate translation like “as you know.”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '6', '30', 'vzhq', 'figs-metaphor', 'אֲנִי֙ עֲרַ֣ל שְׂפָתַ֔יִם', '1', '', 'This is a metaphor that means that Moses thought he was not a good speaker. It is somewhat crude, and your translation of this phrase could convey that Moses spoke impolitely. See how you translated this in [6:12](../06/12.md) Alternate translation: “And I always fail to speak well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', 'intro', 'r9we', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 07 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Miracles
When Yahweh had Moses perform miracles, Pharaoh’s men were able to copy these miracles. It is unknown how they were able to do this, but since it was not from Yahweh, they were probably done under some evil power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
### Pharaoh’s hard heart
Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard, strong, or heavy in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions.
### “Let my people go”
This is a very important statement. Moses is not asking Pharaoh to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
## Possible translation difficulties in this chapter include:
- Moses as God to Pharaoh
- A number of difficult terms: prophet, signs, wonders, miracles, sorcerers, magicians, magic, judgments, canals, reservoirs
- The use of “heart” to refer to the seat of will and emotion
- Up to third-level quotations
']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '1', 'r18p', 'figs-quotemarks', 'מֹשֶׁ֔ה', '1', '', 'After this phrase, a direct quote begins that continues to the end of [verse 5](../07/05.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '1', 'gy1t', '', 'רְאֵ֛ה', '1', '', 'This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. Alternative translation: “Listen carefully”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '1', 'dn1s', 'figs-metaphor', 'נְתַתִּ֥י\u2060ךָ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְ\u2060פַרְעֹ֑ה', '1', 'I have made you like a god', 'This means Moses would represent the same authority to Pharaoh as God did to Moses. See how you translated the very similar phrase in [Exodus 4:16](../04/16.md), see [this note]([[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/16/gn5v]]). Alternate translation:“I will cause Pharaoh to consider you as a god” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '1', 'z163', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060אַהֲרֹ֥ן אָחִ֖י\u2060ךָ יִהְיֶ֥ה נְבִיאֶֽ\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'This phrase compares Aaron to a prophet, because he will be the one actually to proclaim to Pharaoh what Moses tells him. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 4:16](../04/16.md), see [this note]([[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/16/mnsp]]). Alternate translation:“and Aaron your brother will act like your prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '2', 'l44v', 'translate-kinship', 'אָחִ֨י\u2060ךָ֙', '1', '', 'Aaron is older than Moses. If your language uses a different term for the sibling relationship based on gender and age order, choose the appropriate one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '2', 'hdwo', 'figs-quotations', 'וְ\u2060שִׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵ\u2060אַרְצֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'Some languages may need to make this a direct quote. If so, be sure to mark it as a second-level quotation, subordinate to Yahweh’s main speech. Alternative translation: “saying, ‘You must let the sons of Israel go from your land’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '2', 'p9p7', '', 'מֵ\u2060אַרְצֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', '', '“Egypt”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '3', 'adsq', 'figs-metaphor', 'אַקְשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה', '1', '', 'This means God will make him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart were hard. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in [Exodus 4:21](../04/21.md), but note the slightly different metaphor there: the heart being strong vs. hard. Alternate translation: “will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '3', 'vtt1', 'figs-doublet', 'אֶת־אֹתֹתַ֛\u2060י וְ\u2060אֶת־מוֹפְתַ֖\u2060י', '1', 'many signs…many wonders', 'The words **signs** and **wonders** mean basically the same thing. God uses them to emphasize the greatness of what he will do in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '4', 'ar0l', 'figs-youdual', 'אֲלֵ\u2060כֶם֙', '1', '', 'Here, **you** means Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual form (if you have one) or plural form (if not) here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '4', 'e2kv', 'figs-metonymy', 'יָדִ֖\u2060י', '1', 'put my hand on', 'The words **my hand** represent God’s great power. Alternate translation: “my power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '4', 'b6h8', 'figs-metonymy', 'בְּ\u2060מִצְרָ֑יִם', '1', '', '**On Egypt** refers to the land and everything in it, including people, animals, and plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '4', 'nilu', '', 'אֶת־צִבְאֹתַ֜\u2060י אֶת־עַמִּ֤\u2060י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙', '1', '', 'These phrases refer to the Israelites in three different ways; they do not refer to three different groups of people. **Armies** is the same word translated “hosts” in [Exodus 6:26](../06/26.md). Alternate translation: “the armies of my Israelite people”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '5', 'cg3n', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וְ\u2060יָדְע֤וּ מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה', '1', '', 'This is the result of God rescuing the Israelites. In some languages the result will have to be placed after the cause, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '5', 'npd6', 'figs-metonymy', 'בִּ\u2060נְטֹתִ֥\u2060י אֶת־יָדִ֖\u2060י עַל', '1', 'reach out with my hand on', 'This phrase represents God’s great power. Alternate translation: “when I show my powerful acts against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '5', 'dguc', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'וְ\u2060הוֹצֵאתִ֥י אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִ\u2060תּוֹכָֽ\u2060ם', '1', '', 'The goal of God’s powerful acts was to rescue the Israelites. Alternate translation: “so that I bring the sons of Israel out from their midst” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '5', 'd1hq', 'figs-quotemarks', 'מִ\u2060תּוֹכָֽ\u2060ם', '1', '', 'At the end of this verse, the direct quote that began in [verse 1](../07/01.md) ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. Note that the UST is reordered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '6', 'iii5', 'figs-parallelism', 'וַ\u2060יַּ֥עַשׂ…עָשֽׂוּ', '1', '', 'This repetition emphasizes the statement. Some languages can use repetition for emphasis; others will need to use another way of expressing emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '7', 'liir', 'writing-background', 'וּ\u2060מֹשֶׁה֙ בֶּן־שְׁמֹנִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְ\u2060אַֽהֲרֹ֔ן בֶּן־שָׁלֹ֥שׁ וּ\u2060שְׁמֹנִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה בְּ\u2060דַבְּרָ֖\u2060ם אֶל־פַּרְעֹֽה', '1', '', 'This verse contains background information. If your language marks background information with particular discourse features, use them here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '7', 'g7i5', 'translate-numbers', 'שְׁמֹנִ֣ים…שָׁלֹ֥שׁ וּ\u2060שְׁמֹנִ֖ים', '1', 'Aaron eighty-three years old', '“eighty … eighty-three” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '7', 'zoou', 'figs-idiom', 'בֶּן־שְׁמֹנִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה…בֶּן־שָׁלֹ֥שׁ וּ\u2060שְׁמֹנִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה', '1', '', 'This is an idiom that refers to their age. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '8', 'pwph', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה', '1', '', 'This verse marks the beginning of new sections, both major and minor. The major story of the plagues and Exodus itself unfolds from here until after Pharaoh’s army is defeated at the Red Sea. The next minor event is the miracle of the rods becoming snakes. Either by using particular forms that your language uses to mark transitions or by making a section break and heading, this transition should be marked for readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '8', 'p2kf', '', 'לֵ\u2060אמֹֽר', '1', '', 'Here, **saying** marks the beginning of a direct quote and is often omitted in translation when such a construction is unnatural in the target language. See UST.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '9', 'b0jl', 'figs-quotemarks', 'כִּי֩ יְדַבֵּ֨ר אֲלֵ\u2060כֶ֤ם פַּרְעֹה֙ לֵ\u2060אמֹ֔ר תְּנ֥וּ לָ\u2060כֶ֖ם מוֹפֵ֑ת וְ\u2060אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן קַ֧ח אֶֽת־מַטְּ\u2060ךָ֛ וְ\u2060הַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ לִ\u2060פְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה יְהִ֥י לְ\u2060תַנִּֽין', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '9', 'jt9z', 'figs-quotations', 'כִּי֩ יְדַבֵּ֨ר אֲלֵ\u2060כֶ֤ם פַּרְעֹה֙ לֵ\u2060אמֹ֔ר תְּנ֥וּ לָ\u2060כֶ֖ם מוֹפֵ֑ת וְ\u2060אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן קַ֧ח אֶֽת־מַטְּ\u2060ךָ֛ וְ\u2060הַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ לִ\u2060פְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה יְהִ֥י לְ\u2060תַנִּֽין', '1', 'When Pharaoh says to you, ‘Do a miracle,’ then you will say to Aaron, ‘Take your staff and throw it down before Pharaoh, so that it may become a snake.’', 'The two quotations in this verse could be stated as indirect quotes. Alternate translation: “When Pharaoh tells you to do a miracle, then you will tell Aaron to take his staff and throw it down before Pharaoh so that it may become a snake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '9', 'ye9j', 'figs-quotemarks', 'תְּנ֥וּ לָ\u2060כֶ֖ם מוֹפֵ֑ת', '1', '', 'This is a second-level direct quotation. If you did not decide to make it an indirect quotation, it may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '9', 'r0tp', 'figs-quotemarks', 'קַ֧ח אֶֽת־מַטְּ\u2060ךָ֛ וְ\u2060הַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ לִ\u2060פְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה יְהִ֥י לְ\u2060תַנִּֽין', '1', '', 'This is a second-level direct quotation. The second level may end after **Pharaoh.** If you did not decide to make it an indirect quotation, it may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '9', 'p3xh', '', 'לֵ\u2060אמֹ֔ר', '1', '', 'Here, **saying** marks the beginning of a direct quote and is often omitted in translation when such a construction is unnatural in the target language. See UST.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '9', 'ms5o', 'figs-youdual', 'אֲלֵ\u2060כֶ֤ם…לָ\u2060כֶ֖ם', '1', '', 'These are plural, referring to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual form (if you have one) or plural form (if not) here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '9', 'kj8g', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'תְּנ֥וּ לָ\u2060כֶ֖ם מוֹפֵ֑ת', '1', '', 'This is a second-level quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer level. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '9', 's5a9', '', 'קַ֧ח אֶֽת־מַטְּ\u2060ךָ֛ וְ\u2060הַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ לִ\u2060פְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה יְהִ֥י לְ\u2060תַנִּֽין', '1', '', 'This is a second-level quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer level. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '9', 'ogk9', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה', '1', '', 'Although **before the face of** still has the standard figurative meaning of “in the presence of,” it is a much more literal use here. Moses and Aaron are to actually do the miracles in front of Pharaoh so that Pharaoh can see them. Alternative translation: “so Pharaoh can see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '10', 'ehm9', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֥י פַרְעֹ֛ה וְ\u2060לִ\u2060פְנֵ֥י עֲבָדָ֖י\u2060ו', '1', '', 'This time, while **before the face of** still has the standard figurative meaning of “in the presence of,” it is a much more literal use here. Aaron actually does this right in front of Pharaoh and his servants so they could watch what happens. Alternative translation: “where Pharaoh and his servants could see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '10', 'kv93', '', 'עֲבָדָ֖י\u2060ו', '1', '', '**His servants** probably refers to important advisors that would be in the king’s court, and does not refer common servants.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '11', 'mqde', '', 'לַֽ\u2060חֲכָמִ֖ים וְ\u2060לַֽ\u2060מְכַשְּׁפִ֑ים…חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י', '1', '', 'Here, **magicians** probably describes both **wise men and sorcerers** rather than being a third group. See translationWords articles for each term.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '12', 'u6np', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּבְלַ֥ע', '1', 'swallowed up', '“ate up” or “devoured”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '12', 'm0kw', 'grammar-connect-logic-contrast', 'וַ\u2060יִּבְלַ֥ע מַטֵּֽה־אַהֲרֹ֖ן אֶת־מַטֹּתָֽ\u2060ם', '1', '', 'This is a surprising and amusing twist which was not what the magicians expected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '12', 'prnp', 'figs-personification', 'מַטֵּֽה…מַטֹּתָֽ\u2060ם', '1', '', 'It may be necessary in some languages to translate the word **staff** as “snake” since it had turned into one. This may be true if it would not make sense in the target language to say (because it is not living) that a staff swallowed or ate something. It may also be not make sense in some languages to speak of the snakes as staffs once transformed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '13', 'g42f', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060יֶּחֱזַק֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה', '1', 'Pharaoh’s heart was hardened', 'Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart were **strong**. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in [Exodus 4:21](../04/21.md), but note that this is a neutral statement (it does not say that anyone caused him to be stubborn, as many others in this part of the narrative do). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh was still defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '13', 'wekf', '', 'כַּ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה', '1', '', 'Because Yahweh’s prediction precedes this event, some languages may need to place the reference to that prediction before the statement that it was fulfilled. See UST.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '14', 'd27r', 'figs-metaphor', 'כָּבֵ֖ד לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה', '1', 'Pharaoh’s heart is hard', 'Yahweh speaks of Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude as if Pharaoh’s heart were heavy. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. This is a neutral statement (it does not say that anyone caused him to be stubborn as many others in this part of the narrative do). See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md), but note the slightly different metaphor there: the heart being heavy vs strong. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh is defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '14', 'qiyx', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֤אמֶר', '1', '', 'A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '14', 't79b', 'figs-quotemarks', 'מֹשֶׁ֔ה', '1', '', 'After this phrase, a direct quote begins that continues to the end of [verse 18](../07/18.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '15', 'ecby', '', 'הִנֵּה֙', '1', '', 'This is used to draw attention to information that follows.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '15', 'c5np', '', 'יֹצֵ֣א הַ\u2060מַּ֔יְמָ\u2060ה', '1', 'when he goes out to the water', 'There are various theories as to what Pharaoh went down to the Nile to do, but there is no need to speculate or specify in the translation.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '16', 'yqp7', '', 'וְ\u2060אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗י\u2060ו', '1', 'Say to him', '“Say to Pharaoh”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '16', 'i4yt', 'figs-quotemarks', 'יְהוָ֞ה', '1', '', 'This begins a second-level quotation that continues until the end of [verse 18](../07/18.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '16', 'uvxe', 'figs-possession', 'אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָ\u2060עִבְרִים֙', '1', '', 'Yahweh claimed the Hebrews (Israelites) as his own. They worshiped him. This is a possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '16', 'd16q', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'שַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔\u2060י וְ\u2060יַֽעַבְדֻ֖\u2060נִי בַּ\u2060מִּדְבָּ֑ר וְ\u2060הִנֵּ֥ה לֹא־שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ עַד־כֹּֽה', '1', '', 'This is a third-level quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer levels. Alternatively, you could translate it as an indirect quotation as in the UST. If you do this, take care to adjust the pronoun person (second/third) as appropriate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '16', 'cwox', '', 'וְ\u2060הִנֵּ֥ה', '1', '', '**Behold** is used to draw attention to the information that follows. In some languages, it will not be translated.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '17', 'j1ev', '', 'כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה', '1', 'strike the water', 'This quotation form is used to introduce commands from Yahweh. See [4:intro](../04/intro.md) for more information.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '17', 'mywj', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'בְּ\u2060זֹ֣את', '1', '', 'This begins a third-level quotation that continues until the end of verse 18. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer levels. It is possible that the third-level quote actually ends before **Behold,** in which case, in the rest of the quote **I** refers to Moses, not Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '17', 'jjm3', '', 'הִנֵּ֨ה', '1', '', '**Behold** is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. Alternate translation: “Look at this”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '18', 'bsjn', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וּ\u2060בָאַ֣שׁ הַ\u2060יְאֹ֑ר', '1', '', '**The river will stink** will happen because the fish die. Alternate translation: “and because of that the river will stink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '18', 'nx0q', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וְ\u2060נִלְא֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִ\u2060שְׁתּ֥וֹת מַ֖יִם מִן־הַ\u2060יְאֹֽר', '1', '', 'In some languages you will need to put the reason before the result. Alternative translation: “In order to find water to drink from the river, the Egyptians will exhaust themselves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '18', 'rgl0', 'figs-rpronouns', 'וְ\u2060נִלְא֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם', '1', '', 'Here, **themselves** refers back to the subject (**the Egyptians**) to indicated that the Egyptians are the object of the verb as well. Different languages have different methods of marking this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '18', 'grwh', 'figs-quotemarks', 'מִן־הַ\u2060יְאֹֽר', '1', '', 'After this phrase, the direct quote of Yahweh’s commands ends. Depending on your decisions about the embedded quotation levels, you may have up to three levels of quotations that need to be closed here. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with closing quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation and quotations within quotations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '19', 'jima', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אֱמֹ֣ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֡ן קַ֣ח מַטְּ\u2060ךָ֣ וּ\u2060נְטֵֽה־יָדְ\u2060ךָ֩ עַל־מֵימֵ֨י מִצְרַ֜יִם עַֽל־נַהֲרֹתָ֣\u2060ם׀ עַל־יְאֹרֵי\u2060הֶ֣ם וְ\u2060עַל־אַגְמֵי\u2060הֶ֗ם וְ\u2060עַ֛ל כָּל־מִקְוֵ֥ה מֵימֵי\u2060הֶ֖ם וְ\u2060יִֽהְיוּ־דָ֑ם וְ\u2060הָ֤יָה דָם֙ בְּ\u2060כָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּ\u2060בָ\u2060עֵצִ֖ים וּ\u2060בָ\u2060אֲבָנִֽים', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '19', 'gwc2', 'figs-quotemarks', 'קַ֣ח מַטְּ\u2060ךָ֣ וּ\u2060נְטֵֽה־יָדְ\u2060ךָ֩ עַל־מֵימֵ֨י מִצְרַ֜יִם עַֽל־נַהֲרֹתָ֣\u2060ם׀ עַל־יְאֹרֵי\u2060הֶ֣ם וְ\u2060עַל־אַגְמֵי\u2060הֶ֗ם וְ\u2060עַ֛ל כָּל־מִקְוֵ֥ה מֵימֵי\u2060הֶ֖ם וְ\u2060יִֽהְיוּ־דָ֑ם', '1', '', 'This is a second-level direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '19', 'ysi7', 'figs-merism', 'עַֽל־נַהֲרֹתָ֣\u2060ם׀ עַל־יְאֹרֵי\u2060הֶ֣ם וְ\u2060עַל־אַגְמֵי\u2060הֶ֗ם וְ\u2060עַ֛ל כָּל־מִקְוֵ֥ה מֵימֵי\u2060הֶ֖ם', '1', '', 'This list is meant to expand on and reinforce the idea of all of the water in Egypt. You should translate the list in such a way that the locations of the blood are not limited to these specific places, but to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '19', 'wxp2', '', 'בְּ\u2060כָל־אֶ֣רֶץ', '1', 'throughout all', '“in every part of”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '19', 'msxp', 'figs-possession', 'וּ\u2060בָ\u2060עֵצִ֖ים וּ\u2060בָ\u2060אֲבָנִֽים', '1', '', 'This possessive show composition. Alternate translation: “and in containers made from wood and in containers made from stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '20', 'zy18', 'figs-explicit', 'בַּ\u2060יְאֹ֔ר', '1', 'in the river', 'The name of the river may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “in the Nile River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '20', 'mj8v', 'figs-metonymy', 'לְ\u2060עֵינֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וּ\u2060לְ\u2060עֵינֵ֖י עֲבָדָ֑י\u2060ו', '1', '', 'This means in their sight. Alternate translation: “in the sight of Pharaoh and his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '22', 'n7kr', 'translate-unknown', 'חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י', '1', '', 'See how you translated this term in [7:11](../07/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '22', 'qdc7', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060יֶּחֱזַ֤ק לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֙', '1', 'Pharaoh’s heart was hardened', 'Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart were strong. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. This is a neutral statement (it does not say that anyone caused him to be stubborn as many others in this part of the narrative do). See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh was still defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '22', 'sbic', '', 'כַּ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה', '1', '', 'Because Yahweh’s prediction precedes this event, some languages may need to place the reference to that prediction before the statement that it was fulfilled. See UST and how you handled this in [7:13](../07/13.md) where the same sentence appears.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '23', 'atdk', 'figs-idiom', 'וְ\u2060לֹא־שָׁ֥ת לִבּ֖\u2060וֹ גַּם־לָ\u2060זֹֽאת', '1', '', 'This is an idiom meaning Pharaoh did not think about the meaning of the miracle he had just seen. Alternate translation: “And he did not consider what even this meant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '24', 'm6zn', 'figs-hyperbole', 'כָל־מִצְרַ֛יִם', '1', 'All the Egyptians', 'The word **all** here is a generalization that means “many.” At the least, the upper class would have sent their slaves to dig for them. Alternate translation: “Many of the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '25', 'bn5h', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יִּמָּלֵ֖א', '1', '', 'A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '25', 'gjyb', 'figs-idiom', 'וַ\u2060יִּמָּלֵ֖א שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים', '1', '', 'This is an idiom meaning seven days later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '7', '25', 'dg56', 'translate-numbers', 'שִׁבְעַ֣ת', '1', '', '“7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', 'intro', 'ww1y', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 08 General Notes
## Possible translation difficulties in this chapter
- the exact insects in plagues 3-4 are not certain, translation teams will need to decide what insects they can use for each
- Pharaoh makes his own heart heavy, that is, he determines to be proud and resist Yahweh twice in this chapter
- the Israelites’ sacrifices are spoken of as an abomination to the Egyptians but it is not specified how or why that is
### Lifting up the hand and staff:
In the next few chapters God will instruct Moses and/or Aaron to raise his hand and/or staff. The narrative will then record that whoever will raise his hand and/or staff. The instruction and the action do not always match exactly. God may say raise your hand and the narrative may say Moses raised his staff. These are not conflicting reports. Translators should understand that the hand and the staff are always understood together. They are one unit and they can both be mentioned or they can be mentioned separately. In each case, Moses or Aaron raises his hand with the staff in it. This fact is merely expressed differently.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Pharaoh’s hard heart
Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.
### Let my people go
This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '1', 'tf7b', 'figs-quotations', 'בֹּ֖א', '1', '', 'This begins a direct quote that continues until the end of [verse 4](../08/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '1', 'v6ll', '', 'כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה', '1', '', 'This quotation form is used to introduce commands from Yahweh. See [4:intro](../04/intro.md) for more information.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '1', 'lndc', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'כֹּ֚ה', '1', '', 'This begins a second-level quote that continues until the end of [verse 4](../08/04.md). It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer level. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '1', 'kure', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'שַׁלַּ֥ח', '1', '', 'This begins a third-level quote that continues until the end of [verse 4](../08/04.md). It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer levels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '2', 's7y1', 'figs-ellipsis', 'לְ\u2060שַׁלֵּ֑חַ', '1', '', 'What Pharaoh is to **let go** is not specified, but “my people” or “the Israelites” are the understood object. Alternate translation: “to let the Israelites go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '2', 'aei8', '', 'הִנֵּ֣ה', '1', '', '**Behold** is an interjection meant to focus the attention of the listener on what comes next, in this case a dire warning. Alternate translation: “look out”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '3', 'vgby', 'figs-merism', 'בְּ\u2060בֵיתֶ֔\u2060ךָ וּ\u2060בַ\u2060חֲדַ֥ר מִשְׁכָּבְ\u2060ךָ֖ וְ\u2060עַל־מִטָּתֶ֑\u2060ךָ וּ\u2060בְ\u2060בֵ֤ית עֲבָדֶ֨י\u2060ךָ֙ וּ\u2060בְ\u2060עַמֶּ֔\u2060ךָ וּ\u2060בְ\u2060תַנּוּרֶ֖י\u2060ךָ וּ\u2060בְ\u2060מִשְׁאֲרוֹתֶֽי\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'This long list means “everywhere in Egypt.” It is presented in this way for rhetorical effect, that is, to convince Pharaoh of how bad this plague will be so he will obey. You should translate the list in such a way that the frogs’ location is not limited to these specific places. The list should imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '4', 'okok', 'figs-quotemarks', '', '1', '', 'Up to three levels of quotes end at the end of this verse. Depending on how many levels you chose to mark as direct quotations, you should indicate them ending here with closing second-level (and third-level) quotation mark(s) or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of quotations and quotations within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '5', 'wll3', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אֱמֹ֣ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן נְטֵ֤ה אֶת־יָדְ\u2060ךָ֙ בְּ\u2060מַטֶּ֔\u2060ךָ עַל־הַ֨\u2060נְּהָרֹ֔ת עַל־הַ\u2060יְאֹרִ֖ים וְ\u2060עַל־הָ\u2060אֲגַמִּ֑ים וְ\u2060הַ֥עַל אֶת־הַֽ\u2060צְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level opening and closing quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '5', 'ley6', 'figs-quotations', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ אֱמֹ֣ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן', '1', '', 'It may be helpful to translate this first quotation indirectly to avoid having two levels of quotations in this verse. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh told Moses to say to Aaron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '5', 'dqsb', 'figs-quotemarks', 'נְטֵ֤ה אֶת־יָדְ\u2060ךָ֙ בְּ\u2060מַטֶּ֔\u2060ךָ עַל־הַ֨\u2060נְּהָרֹ֔ת עַל־הַ\u2060יְאֹרִ֖ים וְ\u2060עַל־הָ\u2060אֲגַמִּ֑ים וְ\u2060הַ֥עַל אֶת־הַֽ\u2060צְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', '', 'This is a second-level direct quotation (if you chose to make **Say to Aaron** a direct quotation). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with second-level opening and closing quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation inside a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '5', 'ejcx', '', 'יָדְ\u2060ךָ֙ בְּ\u2060מַטֶּ֔\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'See note in the [introduction to chapter 8](../08/intro.md) regarding the hand and staff.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '5', 'z19q', 'figs-merism', 'עַל־הַ֨\u2060נְּהָרֹ֔ת עַל־הַ\u2060יְאֹרִ֖ים וְ\u2060עַל־הָ\u2060אֲגַמִּ֑ים', '1', '', 'This list is meant to convey the idea of all the water in Egypt where frogs might live. You should translate the list in such a way that the locations are not limited to these specific places. The list should imply universality. This is made clear in [8:6](../08/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '6', 'wf3a', 'figs-explicit', 'וַ\u2060יֵּ֤ט אַהֲרֹן֙', '1', '', 'It is implied that Moses told Yahweh’s instructions to Aaron. You may choose to make this explicit as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '6', 'nrbq', 'figs-explicit', 'יָד֔\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'It is implied that Aaron was holding his staff as instructed. You may choose to make this explicit. See note in the [introduction to chapter 8](../08/intro.md) regarding the hand and staff. Alternate translation: “his hand holding his staff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '6', 'j1w7', 'figs-synecdoche', 'וַ\u2060יֵּ֤ט אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶת־יָד֔\u2060וֹ עַ֖ל מֵימֵ֣י', '1', '', 'Aaron would not have been able to reach his hand over all the water in Egypt. He likely stretched his hand over some nearby portion of the Nile symbolizing all the water of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '6', 'drmg', 'figs-explicit', 'וַ\u2060תַּ֨עַל֙', '1', '', '[Verse 3](../08/03.md) has specified from where the frogs will come. Here it is implied, but you may make it explicit as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '6', 'rxze', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'הַ\u2060צְּפַרְדֵּ֔עַ', '1', '', 'There were so many frogs that the text uses the collective singular. If that does not make sense in your language, you may simply use the plural as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '6', 'j83d', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060תַּ֨עַל֙ הַ\u2060צְּפַרְדֵּ֔עַ וַ\u2060תְּכַ֖ס אֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', '', 'This means that there were frogs everywhere in Egypt. The image is like that of a blanket smothering the entire country. (Or more directly, like one giant, nation-sized frog sitting on top of the entire land). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '7', 'n02y', 'translate-unknown', 'הַֽ\u2060חֲרְטֻמִּ֖ים בְּ\u2060לָטֵי\u2060הֶ֑ם', '1', '', 'See how you translated these in [7:11](../07/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '8', 'mhn3', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּקְרָ֨א פַרְעֹ֜ה לְ\u2060מֹשֶׁ֣ה וּֽ\u2060לְ\u2060אַהֲרֹ֗ן', '1', 'Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron', '“Then Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron” or “And the king summoned Moses and Aaron”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '8', 'nfe3', 'figs-explicit', 'וַ\u2060יִּקְרָ֨א פַרְעֹ֜ה לְ\u2060מֹשֶׁ֣ה וּֽ\u2060לְ\u2060אַהֲרֹ֗ן וַ\u2060יֹּ֨אמֶר֙', '1', '', 'It is implied that Moses and Aaron came between being called and Pharaoh speaking to them. You may need to make that explicit. Alternate translation: “And Pharaoh called for Moses and for Aaron, and after they came he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '8', 'pc7e', 'figs-quotemarks', 'הַעְתִּ֣ירוּ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְ\u2060יָסֵר֙ הַֽ\u2060צְפַרְדְּעִ֔ים מִמֶּ֖\u2060נִּי וּ\u2060מֵֽ\u2060עַמִּ֑\u2060י וַ\u2060אֲשַׁלְּחָה֙ אֶת־הָ\u2060עָ֔ם וְ\u2060יִזְבְּח֖וּ לַ\u2060יהוָֽה', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '8', 'tx3t', 'figs-quotations', 'אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְ\u2060יָסֵר֙ הַֽ\u2060צְפַרְדְּעִ֔ים מִמֶּ֖\u2060נִּי וּ\u2060מֵֽ\u2060עַמִּ֑\u2060י', '1', '', 'In some languages you may have to make the content of Pharaoh’s prayer to Yahweh a direct quote. Note that this will make it a second-level quotation and you will need to mark it with second-level quotation markings if your language uses them. Alternate translation: “to Yahweh saying, ‘Please take away the frogs from Pharaoh and from his people.’ ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '8', 'qku4', 'grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical', 'וַ\u2060אֲשַׁלְּחָה֙ אֶת־הָ\u2060עָ֔ם וְ\u2060יִזְבְּח֖וּ לַ\u2060יהוָֽה', '1', '', 'This promise is conditional on the frogs going away. Alternate translation: “Once the frogs are gone, I will let the people go, and they may sacrifice to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '9', 'bm7x', 'figs-quotemarks', 'הִתְפָּאֵ֣ר עָלַ\u2060י֒ לְ\u2060מָתַ֣י׀ אַעְתִּ֣יר לְ\u2060ךָ֗ וְ\u2060לַ\u2060עֲבָדֶ֨י\u2060ךָ֙ וּֽ\u2060לְ\u2060עַמְּ\u2060ךָ֔ לְ\u2060הַכְרִית֙ הַֽ\u2060צֲפַרְדְּעִ֔ים מִמְּ\u2060ךָ֖ וּ\u2060מִ\u2060בָּתֶּ֑י\u2060ךָ רַ֥ק בַּ\u2060יְאֹ֖ר תִּשָּׁאַֽרְנָה', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '9', 'khfd', 'figs-irony', 'הִתְפָּאֵ֣ר עָלַ\u2060י֒', '1', '', 'Moses speaks with false humility here. He is ironically pointing out Pharaoh’s powerlessness before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You can choose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '9', 'g0lu', 'figs-merism', 'לְ\u2060ךָ֗ וְ\u2060לַ\u2060עֲבָדֶ֨י\u2060ךָ֙ וּֽ\u2060לְ\u2060עַמְּ\u2060ךָ֔…מִמְּ\u2060ךָ֖ וּ\u2060מִ\u2060בָּתֶּ֑י\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'These lists mean “for everyone” and “from everywhere” (in Egypt). This makes clear that Moses will ask for a complete end of the plague. You should translate the list in such a way that it does not convey limitation to these specifics, but is understood to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '10', 'g5e7', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לְ\u2060מָחָ֑ר', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '10', 'tvjo', 'figs-quotemarks', 'כִּ\u2060דְבָ֣רְ\u2060ךָ֔', '1', '', 'A direct quote begins here that continues to the end of the next verse. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '10', 'ofw3', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'לְמַ֣עַן תֵּדַ֔ע כִּי־אֵ֖ין כַּ\u2060יהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי\u2060נוּ', '1', '', 'This knowledge is the goal of Yahweh’s granting a respite from the frogs. In some languages you may need to place this at the end of [verse 11](../08/11.md) after Moses says the frogs will leave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '10', 'd1wp', 'figs-exclusive', 'אֱלֹהֵֽי\u2060נוּ', '1', '', 'Here, **our** refers to the Israelites’ God, excluding Pharaoh and the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '11', 'zwqo', 'figs-merism', 'מִמְּ\u2060ךָ֙ וּ\u2060מִ\u2060בָּ֣תֶּ֔י\u2060ךָ וּ\u2060מֵ\u2060עֲבָדֶ֖י\u2060ךָ וּ\u2060מֵ\u2060עַמֶּ֑\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'This list means “from everywhere and everyone” (in Egypt). This shows that the end of the plague will be as complete as its extent. You should translate the list in such a way that it does not convey limitation to these specifics, but is understood to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '11', 'ttyr', 'figs-quotemarks', 'רַ֥ק בַּ\u2060יְאֹ֖ר תִּשָּׁאַֽרְנָה', '1', '', 'After this phrase, the direct quote of Moses that started in the previous verse ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '12', 'jjv2', '', 'שָׂ֥ם', '1', '', '“Yahweh had set”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '12', 'nxyi', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יֵּצֵ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה וְ\u2060אַהֲרֹ֖ן', '1', '', 'A minor scene shift occurs here and may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '13', 'rwe1', 'figs-merism', 'מִן־הַ\u2060בָּתִּ֥ים מִן־הַ\u2060חֲצֵרֹ֖ת וּ\u2060מִן־הַ\u2060שָּׂדֹֽת', '1', '', 'This list means “from everywhere” (in Egypt). This makes clear that there was a complete end of the plague. You should translate the list in such a way that it does not convey limitation to these specifics, but is understood to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '14', 'a03n', '', 'חֳמָרִ֣ם חֳמָרִ֑ם', '1', '', 'Literally, “piles piles.” Repetition is used in Hebrew to emphasize how many or how big they were.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '15', 'lv2n', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060הַכְבֵּד֙ אֶת־לִבּ֔\u2060וֹ', '1', 'he hardened his heart', 'Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if he made his own heart heavy. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:14](../07/14.md), but note, there, that the state of Pharaoh’s heart is reported, whereas here, Pharaoh makes his own heart heavy. Alternate translation: “and Pharaoh determined to be defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '15', 'b47h', '', 'כַּ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה', '1', 'just as Yahweh had said that he would do', '“just as Yahweh had said Pharaoh would do”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '16', 'cikq', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮', '1', '', 'A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. This is the start of the third plague sequence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '16', 's5gh', 'figs-quotations', 'אֱמֹר֙ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן נְטֵ֣ה אֶֽת־מַטְּ\u2060ךָ֔ וְ\u2060הַ֖ךְ אֶת־עֲפַ֣ר הָ\u2060אָ֑רֶץ וְ\u2060הָיָ֥ה לְ\u2060כִנִּ֖ם בְּ\u2060כָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. However, it may be helpful to translate one of the parts as an indirect quotation so that you do not have to have two levels of quotations here. Alternate translation: see UST or “[And Yahweh told Moses] to tell Aaron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '16', 'xh9e', 'figs-quotemarks', 'נְטֵ֣ה אֶֽת־מַטְּ\u2060ךָ֔ וְ\u2060הַ֖ךְ אֶת־עֲפַ֣ר הָ\u2060אָ֑רֶץ וְ\u2060הָיָ֥ה לְ\u2060כִנִּ֖ם בְּ\u2060כָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', '', 'This is a second-level direct quotation (unless you translated one portion as an indirect quotation). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level (or first-level) quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation (within a quotation). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '16', 'joxz', '', 'נְטֵ֣ה אֶֽת־מַטְּ\u2060ךָ֔ וְ\u2060הַ֖ךְ', '1', '', 'This is one action or motion but it is described with the two verbs that occur throughout this section of plague judgment.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '16', 'kpr5', '', 'מַטְּ\u2060ךָ֔', '1', '', 'This is Aaron’s staff. See note in the [introduction to chapter 8](../08/intro.md) regarding the hand and staff.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '16', 'w5el', 'translate-unknown', 'לְ\u2060כִנִּ֖ם', '1', '', 'We do not know exactly what this word means. It is probably a tiny (as in dust-particle size) biting insect. You should choose a different insect here than in the next plague ([8:21](../08/21.md)-8:31). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '17', 'l9wj', '', 'וַ\u2060יֵּט֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן אֶת־יָד֤\u2060וֹ בְ\u2060מַטֵּ֨\u2060הוּ֙ וַ\u2060יַּךְ֙ אֶת־עֲפַ֣ר הָ\u2060אָ֔רֶץ', '1', '', 'Again, this is one action or motion but it is described with the two verbs that occur throughout this section of plague judgment. See how you translated it in the [previous verse](../08/16.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '17', 'l784', '', 'יָד֤\u2060וֹ בְ\u2060מַטֵּ֨\u2060הוּ֙', '1', '', 'See note in the [introduction to chapter 8](../08/intro.md) regarding the hand and staff.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '17', 'nhgt', 'translate-unknown', 'הַ\u2060כִּנָּ֔ם …כִנִּ֖ים', '1', '', 'Again, we do not know this term for certain, so see how you translated it in [8:16](../08/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '17', 'grs3', 'figs-gendernotations', 'בָּ\u2060אָדָ֖ם', '1', '', 'This includes women and children. Alternate translation: “people” or “mankind” or “humans” See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '17', 'grg5', 'figs-hyperbole', 'כָּל־עֲפַ֥ר הָ\u2060אָ֛רֶץ …בְּ\u2060כָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', '', 'This extraordinary statement is used to emphasize the extent and severity of the plague. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '18', 'wga0', 'translate-unknown', 'הַ\u2060חַרְטֻמִּ֧ים בְּ\u2060לָטֵי\u2060הֶ֛ם', '1', '', 'See how you translated these in [7:11](../07/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '18', 'ii85', 'translate-unknown', 'הַ\u2060כִּנִּ֖ים …הַ\u2060כִּנָּ֔ם', '1', '', 'See how you translated this term in [8:16](../08/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '18', 'mnj5', 'figs-gendernotations', 'בָּ\u2060אָדָ֖ם', '1', '', 'This includes women and children. Alternate translation: “people” or “mankind” or “humans” See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '19', 'kcs9', 'translate-unknown', 'הַֽ\u2060חַרְטֻמִּים֙', '1', '', 'See how you translated this term in [7:11](../07/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '19', 'lk2k', 'figs-synecdoche', 'אֶצְבַּ֥ע אֱלֹהִ֖ים הִ֑וא', '1', 'This is the finger of God', 'The words “finger of God” represent the power of God. Alternate translation: “This is the powerful work of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '19', 'z1w2', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060יֶּחֱזַ֤ק לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֙', '1', 'Pharaoh’s heart was hardened', 'Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart were strong. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). This is a neutral statement (it does not say that anyone caused him to be stubborn as many others in this part of the narrative do). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh was still defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '19', 'rp3i', 'writing-participants', 'אֲלֵ\u2060הֶ֔ם', '1', '', 'It is possible that **them** refers to the magicians here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '19', 'gjgg', '', 'כַּ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה', '1', '', 'Some languages will need to place this before the thing that Yahweh predicted, as in the UST.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '20', 'j5n8', '', 'וְ\u2060הִתְיַצֵּב֙ לִ\u2060פְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה', '1', 'stand in front of Pharaoh', '“and present yourself to Pharaoh”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '20', 'frfn', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה', '1', '', 'A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. This is the beginning of the fourth plague sequence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '20', 'syv2', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה', '1', '', 'Here, **face** figuratively means the presence of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '20', 'vnym', '', 'הִנֵּ֖ה', '1', '', 'This is used to draw attention to important information that is next. In some languages and translation styles it will make the most sense to omit this, as in the UST. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '20', 'uypa', 'figs-quotations', 'כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה', '1', '', 'This phrase opens a direct quote which continues until the end of [verse 23](../08/23.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. However, you may also consider making the opening portion an indirect quote so that you do not have a quote inside of a quote for the next verses. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '20', 'eqd2', '', 'כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה', '1', 'Let my people go', 'This quotation form is used to introduce commands from Yahweh. See [4:intro](../04/intro.md) for more information.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '20', 'a7l7', 'figs-quotemarks', 'שַׁלַּ֥ח', '1', '', 'This phrase opens a second-level direct quote which continues until the end of [verse 23](../08/23.md), unless you made **thus says Yahweh** an indirect quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '20', 'fgl3', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'וְ\u2060יַֽעַבְדֻֽ\u2060נִי', '1', '', 'This is the purpose of the people being let go. Alternate translation: “so they can serve me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '21', 'hitq', '', 'הִנְ\u2060נִי֩', '1', '', 'This is used to draw attention to important information that is next. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '21', 'hwcl', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'הֶ\u2060עָרֹ֑ב…הֶ֣\u2060עָרֹ֔ב', '1', '', 'This is a collective singular noun that refers to a great number of swarming, biting insects. Alternate translation: “swarms of flies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '21', 'l5z7', 'translate-unknown', 'הֶ\u2060עָרֹ֑ב…הֶ֣\u2060עָרֹ֔ב', '1', '', 'These are probably the large common flies that bother humans and livestock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '21', 'foli', 'figs-merism', 'בְּ\u2060ךָ֜ וּ\u2060בַ\u2060עֲבָדֶ֧י\u2060ךָ וּֽ\u2060בְ\u2060עַמְּ\u2060ךָ֛ וּ\u2060בְ\u2060בָתֶּ֖י\u2060ךָ…בָּתֵּ֤י מִצְרַ֨יִם֙…וְ\u2060גַ֥ם הָ\u2060אֲדָמָ֖ה', '1', '', 'This long list means, “everywhere in Egypt.” It is presented in this way for rhetorical effect, that is, to convince Pharaoh of how bad this plague will be so he will obey. You should translate the list in such a way that the flies’ location is not limited to these specific places, but is understood to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '22', 'mv8w', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'לְ\u2060בִלְתִּ֥י הֱיֽוֹת־שָׁ֖ם עָרֹ֑ב', '1', 'General Information:', 'This is the result of Yahweh treating the land of Goshen differently. Alternate translation: “by keeping the swarm from there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '22', 'apum', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'עָרֹ֑ב', '1', '', 'This is a collective singular noun that refers to a great number of swarming, biting insects. See how you translated this in [8:21](../08/21.md). Alternate translation: “swarms of flies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '22', 'qb9h', 'translate-unknown', 'עָרֹ֑ב', '1', '', 'These are probably the large common flies that bother humans and livestock. See how you translated this in [8:21](../08/21.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '22', 'refq', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'לְמַ֣עַן תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּ\u2060קֶ֥רֶב הָ\u2060אָֽרֶץ', '1', '', 'This is the goal of treating the Israelites differently. In some languages you may need to put this phrase the beginning of the verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '22', 'a28h', '', 'אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּ\u2060קֶ֥רֶב הָ\u2060אָֽרֶץ', '1', '', 'Here, **am** could be connecting **I** and **Yahweh** or it could be connecting **I, Yahweh** and **in the middle of the land**. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am in the middle of the land”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '23', 'oxr5', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'פְדֻ֔ת', '1', '', 'This is a noun derived from a verb meaning “to buy back.” Very broadly it can mean “to save or rescue.” See the next note regarding textual variants for more information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '23', 'tf4j', 'translate-textvariants', 'פְדֻ֔ת', '1', '', 'Many translations follow the Septuagint here, which uses the word “division.” A minor change to the Hebrew would also produce the word translated “treat differently” in the [previous verse](../08/22.md). Alternate translation: “a division” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '23', 'u4gs', '', 'עַמִּ֖\u2060י', '1', '', 'Yahweh’s people, that is, the Israelites. Alternate translation: “the Israelites”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '23', 'rg2c', '', 'עַמֶּ֑\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'Pharaoh’s people, that is, the Egyptians. Alternate translation: “the Egyptians”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '23', 'tb24', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לְ\u2060מָחָ֥ר יִהְיֶ֖ה הָ\u2060אֹ֥ת הַ\u2060זֶּֽה׃', '1', '', 'After this phrase, the three levels of direct quotations of Yahweh that started in [8:20](../08/20.md) ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with closing first-level, second-level, and third-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of quotations. You may not have three levels if you made any level an indirect quote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '24', 'gw3c', 'figs-explicit', 'וַ\u2060יַּ֤עַשׂ יְהוָה֙ כֵּ֔ן', '1', '', 'The UST supplies a brief sentence filling in the gap between Yahweh’s command to Moses and the onset of the plague. Some languages will need something like that to make the progression of events clear. Alternate translation: “Moses obeyed the instructions Yahweh gave him and Pharaoh responded as Yahweh had said he would. And Yahweh did so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '24', 'lk5s', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יַּ֤עַשׂ יְהוָה֙ כֵּ֔ן', '1', '', 'There is a minor scene change here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '24', 'ut0f', 'translate-unknown', 'עָרֹ֣ב', '1', '', 'There are probably the large common flies that bother humans and livestock. See how you translated this in [8:21](../08/21.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '24', 'dg0k', 'translate-go', 'וַ\u2060יָּבֹא֙', '1', '', 'Some languages may need to translate this as going rather than coming. Alternate translation: “and … went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '24', 'tmcf', 'figs-merism', 'בֵּ֥יתָ\u2060ה פַרְעֹ֖ה וּ\u2060בֵ֣ית עֲבָדָ֑י\u2060ו', '1', '', 'This means “to everyone everywhere” (in Egypt) as made explicit in the next statement. This makes clear that the insects were throughout the land. You should translate this in such a way that it does not convey limitation to these specifics, but is understood to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '24', 'nd6e', 'figs-activepassive', 'תִּשָּׁחֵ֥ת הָ\u2060אָ֖רֶץ מִ\u2060פְּנֵ֥י הֶ\u2060עָרֹֽב', '1', 'the land was ruined because of the swarms of flies', 'This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The swarms of flies devastated the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '24', 'ngue', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִ\u2060פְּנֵ֥י הֶ\u2060עָרֹֽב', '1', '', 'Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of the insects. Alternate translation: “because the insects were everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '25', 'e7l0', 'grammar-connect-time-simultaneous', 'וַ\u2060יִּקְרָ֣א', '1', '', 'This happened during the plague. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '25', 'ciy5', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לְכ֛וּ זִבְח֥וּ לֵֽ\u2060אלֹהֵי\u2060כֶ֖ם בָּ\u2060אָֽרֶץ', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '25', 'gj2w', 'figs-youdual', 'לֵֽ\u2060אלֹהֵי\u2060כֶ֖ם', '1', '', 'Here, **your** is plural. it could refer either to Moses and Aaron or to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual form (if you have one) if your team decides it means Moses and Aaron, otherwise use a plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '26', 'tvnj', 'figs-quotemarks', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה', '1', '', 'After this phrase a direct quote begins that continues until the end of [8:27](../08/27.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '26', 'e9wk', '', 'תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת מִצְרַ֔יִם…תּוֹעֲבַ֥ת מִצְרַ֛יִם', '1', '', 'We do not know what about their sacrificing was an **abomination** to the Egyptians. The same term is used in Genesis 43:32 and 46:34 to describe the Egyptians’ feelings about eating with Hebrews and about the Hebrew profession of shepherding, respectively. Translators should attempt to convey the strong negative feelings that would be provoked in the Egyptians without speculating as to the cause.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '26', 'idkt', 'figs-exclusive', 'נִזְבַּ֖ח …אֱלֹהֵ֑י\u2060נוּ …נִזְבַּ֞ח …יִסְקְלֻֽ\u2060נוּ', '1', '', 'Here, **we, our,** and **us** should all be translated as exclusive (if your language makes that distinction). Pharaoh and the Egyptians are not included. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '26', 'i7dy', 'figs-rquestion', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֥א יִסְקְלֻֽ\u2060נוּ', '1', 'will they not stone us?', 'Moses asks this question to show Pharaoh that the Egyptians would not allow the Israelites to worship Yahweh by making a sacrifice repugnant to them. Alternate translation: “they will certainly stone us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '26', 'gy7d', 'figs-metonymy', 'לְ\u2060עֵינֵי\u2060הֶ֖ם', '1', 'right before their eyes', 'This is a figurative way of saying “where they can see.” Alternate translation: “in their sight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '27', 'ju3u', 'figs-exclusive', 'נֵלֵ֖ךְ…וְ\u2060זָבַ֨חְנוּ֙…אֱלֹהֵ֔י\u2060נוּ…אֵלֵֽי\u2060נוּ', '1', '', 'Here, **we, our,** and **us** should all be translated as exclusive (if your language makes that distinction). Pharaoh and his people are not included. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '27', 'clc3', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אֵלֵֽי\u2060נוּ', '1', '', 'After this phrase, the direct quote of Moses’ argument to Pharaoh ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '28', 'p3pd', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אָנֹכִ֞י אֲשַׁלַּ֤ח אֶתְ\u2060כֶם֙ וּ\u2060זְבַחְתֶּ֞ם לַ\u2060יהוָ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵי\u2060כֶם֙ בַּ\u2060מִּדְבָּ֔ר רַ֛ק הַרְחֵ֥ק לֹא־תַרְחִ֖יקוּ לָ\u2060לֶ֑כֶת הַעְתִּ֖ירוּ בַּעֲדִֽ\u2060י', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '28', 'qxes', 'figs-youdual', 'אֶתְ\u2060כֶם֙ …אֱלֹֽהֵי\u2060כֶם֙ …תַרְחִ֖יקוּ', '1', '', 'If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '28', 'mla2', '', 'אֶתְ\u2060כֶם֙', '1', '', '“the Israelites”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '28', 'hnud', 'figs-idiom', 'הַרְחֵ֥ק…תַרְחִ֖יקוּ', '1', '', 'In Hebrew, **far** is repeated to emphasize (with **not**) that they are absolutely not to go too far. If your language does not use repeating words like this, express the emphasis in another way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '29', 'kgkx', 'figs-quotemarks', 'הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י יוֹצֵ֤א מֵֽ\u2060עִמָּ\u2060ךְ֙ וְ\u2060הַעְתַּרְתִּ֣י אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְ\u2060סָ֣ר הֶ\u2060עָרֹ֗ב מִ\u2060פַּרְעֹ֛ה מֵ\u2060עֲבָדָ֥י\u2060ו וּ\u2060מֵ\u2060עַמּ֖\u2060וֹ מָחָ֑ר רַ֗ק אַל־יֹסֵ֤ף פַּרְעֹה֙ הָתֵ֔ל לְ\u2060בִלְתִּי֙ שַׁלַּ֣ח אֶת־הָ\u2060עָ֔ם לִ\u2060זְבֹּ֖חַ לַֽ\u2060יהוָֽה', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '29', 'h94t', '', 'הִנֵּ֨ה', '1', '', 'This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation. Alternate translation: “Know this”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '29', 'jirm', 'translate-unknown', 'הֶ\u2060עָרֹ֗ב', '1', '', 'These are probably the large common flies that bother humans and livestock. See how you translated this in [8:21](../08/21.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '29', 'yvcl', 'figs-123person', 'מִ\u2060פַּרְעֹ֛ה …פַּרְעֹה֙', '1', '', 'Moses may be using the third person to refer to Pharaoh to show respect, because the king appears to be relenting. If use of the third person is not a way of showing respect in your culture or is not a valid way of addressing an individual at all, you may need to change the form. Alternate translation: “from you ... you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '29', 'la3z', 'figs-merism', 'מִ\u2060פַּרְעֹ֛ה מֵ\u2060עֲבָדָ֥י\u2060ו וּ\u2060מֵ\u2060עַמּ֖\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'This list means “from everywhere and everyone” (in Egypt). This shows that the end of the plague will be as complete as its extent. You should translate the list in such a way that it does not convey limitation to these specifics, but is understood to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '29', 'bf85', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'אַל־יֹסֵ֤ף פַּרְעֹה֙ הָתֵ֔ל לְ\u2060בִלְתִּי֙ שַׁלַּ֣ח אֶת־הָ\u2060עָ֔ם', '1', 'you must not deal deceitfully any more by not letting our people go', 'This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you must begin to deal truthfully with us and let our people go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '29', 'hh4q', '', 'רַ֗ק אַל־יֹסֵ֤ף פַּרְעֹה֙ הָתֵ֔ל', '1', 'But you must not deal deceitfully', '“But you must not deceive us” or “But you must not lie to us”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '30', 'tull', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יֵּצֵ֥א מֹשֶׁ֖ה', '1', '', 'There is a minor scene shift here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '31', 'rj50', 'translate-unknown', 'הֶ\u2060עָרֹ֔ב', '1', '', 'These are probably the large common flies that bother humans and livestock. See how you translated this in [8:21](../08/21.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '31', 'iyhn', 'figs-merism', 'מִ\u2060פַּרְעֹ֖ה מֵ\u2060עֲבָדָ֣י\u2060ו וּ\u2060מֵ\u2060עַמּ֑\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'This list means “from everyone and everywhere” (in Egypt). This makes clear that there was a complete end of the plague. You should translate the list in such a way that it does not convey limitation to these specifics, but is understood to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '31', 'mb4r', 'figs-hyperbole', 'לֹ֥א נִשְׁאַ֖ר אֶחָֽד', '1', '', 'This extreme statement emphasizes how thoroughly Yahweh removed the insects from the land. Alternate translation: “There was not a single one of these insects left in the whole land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '8', '32', 'sb5l', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060יַּכְבֵּ֤ד פַּרְעֹה֙ אֶת־לִבּ֔\u2060וֹ', '1', 'Pharaoh hardened his heart', 'Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if he made his own heart heavy. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in [8:15](../08/15.md). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh determined to be defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', 'intro', 'hqw8', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 09 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Pharaoh’s hard heart
Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Let my people go
This is a very important statement. Moses is not ask Pharaoh to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '1', 'se3f', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙', '1', 'General Information:', 'A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. This is the beginning of the fifth plague sequence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '1', 'p1oj', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה', '1', '', 'After this phrase, a direct quote begins that continues to the end of [9:4](../09/04.md) and contains two more levels of quotes. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '1', 'maqa', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אֵלָ֗י\u2060ו', '1', '', 'After this phrase, a second-level direct quote begins which continues to the end of [9:4](../09/04.md) and contains one more level of quotes. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '1', 'fo4o', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'וְ\u2060דִבַּרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗י\u2060ו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽ\u2060עִבְרִ֔ים', '1', '', 'You may want to translate the quote beginning with **Thus says Yahweh** as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the levels of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “and say to him that Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews, says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '1', 'w0lg', '', 'כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙', '1', '', 'This quotation form is used to introduce commands from Yahweh. See [4:intro](../04/intro.md) for more information.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '1', 'x4bd', '', 'עַמִּ֖\u2060י', '1', '', '“the Israelites”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '2', 'l7ld', 'figs-parallelism', 'כִּ֛י אִם־מָאֵ֥ן אַתָּ֖ה לְ\u2060שַׁלֵּ֑חַ וְ\u2060עוֹדְ\u2060ךָ֖ מַחֲזִ֥יק בָּֽ\u2060ם', '1', 'if you refuse to let them go, if you still keep them back', 'These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “If you continue refusing to let them go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '3', 'fltr', '', 'הִנֵּ֨ה', '1', '', 'This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. Alternate translation: “look out”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '3', 'ume2', 'figs-metonymy', 'יַד־יְהוָ֜ה הוֹיָ֗ה בְּ\u2060מִקְנְ\u2060ךָ֙', '1', 'then Yahweh’s hand will be on your cattle', 'Here, **hand** represents Yahweh’s power to afflict their animals with disease. Alternate translation: “Then the power of Yahweh will afflict your livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '3', 'cjt9', 'figs-123person', 'יַד־יְהוָ֜ה', '1', '', 'This is part of the reported speech that Yahweh wants Moses to say to Pharaoh. Therefore, you could change the third person **the hand of Yahweh** to first person if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “My hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '3', 'tn3z', 'figs-youdual', 'בְּ\u2060מִקְנְ\u2060ךָ֙', '1', 'on your cattle', 'While the word **your** here is not plural, the next verse shows that it refers to all the people of Egypt who owned cattle. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, you may want to use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '3', 'v8ur', 'figs-merism', 'בַּ\u2060סּוּסִ֤ים בַּֽ\u2060חֲמֹרִים֙ בַּ\u2060גְּמַלִּ֔ים בַּ\u2060בָּקָ֖ר וּ\u2060בַ\u2060צֹּ֑אן', '1', '', 'This long list is meant to reinforce the universal effects of the coming plague. It is presented in this way for rhetorical effect, that is, to convince Pharaoh of how bad this plague will be so he will obey. You should translate the list in such a way that it is not limiting, but is understood to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '3', 'm1fk', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'בַּ\u2060בָּקָ֖ר …וּ\u2060בַ\u2060צֹּ֑אן', '1', '', 'These (**cattle** and **flock**) are collective singular nouns which refer to groups of animals. Alternate translation: “on your bulls and cows and on your sheep and goats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '3', 'f5sr', 'figs-metaphor', 'כָּבֵ֥ד', '1', '', 'Here, the plague is spoken of as if it weighed a lot. This means it would be very bad. Alternate translation: “severe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '4', 'x12r', 'figs-123person', 'יְהוָ֔ה', '1', '', 'This is part of the reported speech that Yahweh wants Moses to say to Pharaoh. Therefore you could change the third person **Yahweh** to first person if it would be clearer in your language. You should do the same as you did in the [previous verse](../09/04.md). Alternate translation: “I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '4', 'c9ob', 'figs-possession', 'מִקְנֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל…מִקְנֵ֣ה מִצְרָ֑יִם', '1', '', 'This means the livestock owned by the two groups. Alternate translation: “the livestock that the Israelites own… the livestock that the Egyptians own” or “the livestock belonging to the Israelites ... the livestock belonging to the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '4', 'lp3t', 'figs-metonymy', 'יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל', '1', 'Israel’s cattle', 'Here, **Israel** refers to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '4', 'u60c', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל', '1', '', 'Here, **Israel** is used as a collective singular noun. If your language would not refer to a group of people in this way, you may need to translate it as plural. Alternate translation: “the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '4', 'fs25', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִקְנֵ֣ה מִצְרָ֑יִם', '1', 'Egypt’s cattle', 'Here, **Egypt** refers to the Egyptians. Alternate translation: “the livestock of the Egyptian people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '4', 'k5rx', '', 'דָּבָֽר', '1', '', '“animal”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '4', 'xk5d', '', 'מִ\u2060כָּל־לִ\u2060בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל', '1', '', '“which belongs to any of the sons of Israel”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '4', 'cbsz', 'figs-quotemarks', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֥א יָמ֛וּת מִ\u2060כָּל־לִ\u2060בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל דָּבָֽר', '1', '', 'After this phrase, the three levels of direct quotes of Yahweh ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with closing quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of levels of quotations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '5', 'vqz2', '', 'וַ\u2060יָּ֥שֶׂם יְהוָ֖ה מוֹעֵ֣ד', '1', 'fixed a time', '“And Yahweh made an appointed time”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '5', 'w8gk', '', 'לֵ\u2060אמֹ֑ר', '1', '', 'This marks the beginning of a direct quotation. It can be omitted in translation if your language does not use a similar form. However, in this sentence it is the only verb related to speech, so you may need to translate it similarly to the way the UST does.
.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '5', 'dh4h', 'figs-quotemarks', 'מָחָ֗ר יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה הַ\u2060דָּבָ֥ר הַ\u2060זֶּ֖ה בָּ\u2060אָֽרֶץ', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '5', 'pxb1', 'figs-123person', 'יְהוָ֛ה', '1', '', 'Yahweh is speaking here. Therefore you could change the third person **Yahweh** to first person if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '6', 'gt3n', 'figs-explicit', 'וַ\u2060יַּ֨עַשׂ יְהוָ֜ה', '1', '', 'It is implied that Moses went and spoke to Pharaoh as directed. You may need to make that explicit in your translation in some languages. Alternate translation: “Moses did as Yahweh had commanded. And Yahweh did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '6', 'cx5i', 'figs-hyperbole', 'כֹּ֖ל מִקְנֵ֣ה', '1', 'All the cattle of Egypt died', 'This is exaggerated to emphasize the seriousness of the event. There were still some animals alive that were afflicted by later plagues. However, it may be best to translate this with the word “all.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '6', 'iccg', '', 'מִקְנֵ֣ה מִצְרָ֑יִם…וּ\u2060מִ\u2060מִּקְנֵ֥ה בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל', '1', '', 'This means the livestock owned by the two groups. Alternate translation: “the livestock that the Egyptians owned … But from the livestock that the Israelites owned” or “the livestock belonging to the Egyptians ... But from the livestock belonging to the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '6', 'gy7t', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִצְרָ֑יִם', '1', 'cattle of Egypt', 'Here, **Egypt** refers to the Egyptians. Alternate translation: “the Egyptian peoples’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '6', 'mboa', 'figs-metonymy', 'בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל', '1', '', 'Here, **sons** figuratively means descendants. The phrase speaks of all of the Israelites as descendants of the patriarch Jacob, who was also known as Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelite peoples’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '6', 'i0bl', 'figs-litotes', 'וּ\u2060מִ\u2060מִּקְנֵ֥ה בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹא־מֵ֥ת אֶחָֽד', '1', '', 'This emphatic negative statement could be stated positively. Alternate translation: “But every single one of the Israelites’ livestock lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '7', 'md84', '', 'וְ\u2060הִנֵּ֗ה', '1', 'behold', '**Behold** is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. Alternate translation: “and listen”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '7', 'rtny', 'figs-litotes', 'לֹא־מֵ֛ת מִ\u2060מִּקְנֵ֥ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־אֶחָ֑ד', '1', '', 'This emphatic negative statement could be stated positively. Alternate translation: “every single one of the Israelites’ livestock was alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '7', 'kkuc', 'figs-metonymy', 'יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל', '1', '', 'Here, **Israel** refers to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “of the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '7', 'sfor', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל', '1', '', 'Here, **Israel** is a collective singular noun. If your language would not refer to a group of people in this way, you may need to translate it as plural. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '7', 'j51j', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060יִּכְבַּד֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה', '1', 'his heart was stubborn', 'Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart were heavy. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. This is a neutral statement (it does not say that anyone caused him to be stubborn as many others in this part of the narrative do). See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:14](../07/14.md). Alternate translation: “But Pharaoh was defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '8', 'brm6', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮', '1', 'kiln', 'A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. This is the start of the sixth plague scene. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '8', 'ik2i', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְ\u2060אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן֒', '1', '', 'After this phrase a direct quote begins. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '8', 'luhg', 'figs-youdual', 'לָ\u2060כֶם֙…חָפְנֵי\u2060כֶ֔ם', '1', '', '**You** and **your** refer to both Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use dual form (if you have one) or plural forms (if not) here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '8', 'ydar', '', 'קְח֤וּ לָ\u2060כֶם֙ מְלֹ֣א חָפְנֵי\u2060כֶ֔ם', '1', '', '“Each of you fill both your hands with”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '8', 'u5wn', '', 'פִּ֖יחַ כִּבְשָׁ֑ן', '1', '', '“ash from a furnace” or “ash produced by a furnace”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '8', 'gk7f', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'פִּ֖יחַ', '1', '', 'Here, **ash** is singular. For some languages you may need to make it plural as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '8', 'gu1v', '', 'הַ\u2060שָּׁמַ֖יְמָ\u2060ה', '1', '', '“toward the sky”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '8', 'p795', 'figs-metonymy', 'לְ\u2060עֵינֵ֥י פַרְעֹֽה', '1', '', 'This means in his sight. Alternate translation: “in the sight of Pharaoh” or “so Pharaoh sees it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '9', 'd2v3', 'translate-unknown', 'לִ\u2060שְׁחִ֥ין פֹּרֵ֛חַ אֲבַעְבֻּעֹ֖ת', '1', 'fine', 'This is a condition where the skin is red and hot, the skin breaks, and blood and puss come out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '9', 'jlh0', 'figs-gendernotations', 'הָ\u2060אָדָ֜ם', '1', '', 'This includes women and children. Alternate translation: “people” or “mankind” or “humans” See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '9', 'eyc7', '', 'הַ\u2060בְּהֵמָ֗ה', '1', 'to break out on', '“wild and domestic animals” or “wild animals and livestock”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '10', 'wdcn', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'פִּ֣יחַ', '1', '', 'Here, **ash** is singular. For some languages you may need to make it plural as in the UST. See how you translated this in the [previous verse](../09/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '10', 'dp3l', '', 'פִּ֣יחַ הַ\u2060כִּבְשָׁ֗ן', '1', '', '“ash from a furnace” or “ash produced by a furnace” See how you translated this in the [previous verse](../09/09.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '10', 'ufpn', 'figs-metonymy', 'וַ\u2060יַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ לִ\u2060פְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה', '1', '', 'Here, **before the face of** means in Pharaoh’s presence. Alternate translation: “and stood in Pharaoh’s presence” See how you translated a similar statement in the [previous verse](../09/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '10', 'xmbw', '', 'הַ\u2060שָּׁמָ֑יְמָ\u2060ה', '1', '', '“toward the sky” See how you translated this in the [previous verse](../09/09.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '10', 'jhzb', 'translate-unknown', 'שְׁחִין֙ אֲבַעְבֻּעֹ֔ת פֹּרֵ֕חַ', '1', '', 'This is a condition where the skin is red and hot, the skin breaks, and blood and puss come out. See how you translated this in the [previous verse](../09/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '10', 'rdo3', 'figs-gendernotations', 'בָּ\u2060אָדָ֖ם', '1', '', 'This includes women and children. See how you translated this in the [previous verse](../09/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '10', 'iftm', '', 'וּ\u2060בַ\u2060בְּהֵמָֽה', '1', '', '“and on wild and domestic animals” or “and on wild animals and livestock” See how you translated this in the [previous verse](../09/09.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '11', 'jrc3', '', 'הַֽ\u2060חַרְטֻמִּ֗ים …בַּֽ\u2060חֲרְטֻמִּ֖ם', '1', '', 'See how you translated **magicians** in [7:11](../07/11.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '11', 'dxsx', 'figs-metonymy', 'לַ\u2060עֲמֹ֛ד לִ\u2060פְנֵ֥י מֹשֶׁ֖ה', '1', '', 'Here, **before the face of** means in Moses’ presence. Alternate translation: “to stand in Moses’ presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '11', 'k9uu', 'figs-metaphor', 'מִ\u2060פְּנֵ֣י הַ\u2060שְּׁחִ֑ין', '1', '', 'Here, **the face of** means the existence of or perhaps pain from the boils. Alternate translation: “because of the boils” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '11', 'lpmq', 'translate-unknown', 'הַ\u2060שְּׁחִ֑ין…הַ\u2060שְּׁחִ֔ין', '1', '', 'This is a condition where the skin is red and hot, the skin breaks, and blood and puss comes out. See how you translated this in [9:9](../09/09.md). However, this time only **boils** is used, without the description (“bursting blisters”) that is in the previous two verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '12', 'p5m5', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060יְחַזֵּ֤ק יְהוָה֙ אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה', '1', 'Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart', 'This means God made him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was strong. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in [4:21](../04/21.md). Alternate translation: “But Yahweh caused Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '13', 'ifs8', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה', '1', '', 'A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. This is the beginning of the seventh plague sequence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '13', 'zsvl', 'figs-quotemarks', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה', '1', '', 'After this phrase a direct quote begins that continues until the end of [9:19](../09/19.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '13', 'zmrt', 'figs-metonymy', 'וְ\u2060הִתְיַצֵּ֖ב לִ\u2060פְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה', '1', '', 'Here, **before the face of** means in Pharaoh’s presence. Alternate translation: “and stand in Pharaoh’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '13', 'dxww', 'figs-quotations', 'וְ\u2060אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗י\u2060ו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽ\u2060עִבְרִ֔ים', '1', '', 'After **and say to him**, a second-level quote begins which continues until the end of [9:19](../09/19.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation. However, it may be useful to translate this short quote frame as an indirect quotation as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '13', 'hsl6', '', 'כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙', '1', '', 'This quotation form is used to introduce commands from Yahweh. See [4:intro](../04/intro.md) for more information.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '13', 'zi15', 'figs-quotemarks', 'שַׁלַּ֥ח', '1', '', '**Let** is the first word of a third-level direct quote which continues until the end of [9:19](../09/19.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening third-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a third-level quotation. If you chose to make the second level an indirect quote, this may only be a second-level quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '14', 'z68b', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'כִּ֣י', '1', '', 'Here, **For** means something like “I am warning you that unless you do this.” Alternate translation: “Otherwise,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '14', 'n6wq', 'figs-synecdoche', 'אֲנִ֨י שֹׁלֵ֜חַ אֶת־כָּל־מַגֵּפֹתַ\u2060י֙ אֶֽל־לִבְּ\u2060ךָ֔', '1', 'on you yourself', 'Here, **to your heart** is a synecdoche that means that even Pharaoh will be hurt by the plagues. Alternate translation: “I am about to send all my plagues against you personally” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '15', 'f056', 'grammar-connect-condition-contrary', 'כִּ֤י עַתָּה֙ שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי אֶת־יָדִ֔\u2060י וָ\u2060אַ֥ךְ אוֹתְ\u2060ךָ֛ וְ\u2060אֶֽת־עַמְּ\u2060ךָ֖ בַּ\u2060דָּ֑בֶר וַ\u2060תִּכָּחֵ֖ד מִן־הָ\u2060אָֽרֶץ', '1', '', 'This verse presents two things that God could have done but did not do to the Egyptians. This is to set up the reason he gives in the [next verse](../09/16.md). Be sure that it is clear in your translation that these are hypothetical past events. See the note regarding Yahweh’s stated goals in the next verse. Some languages may need to reverse the order of these verses to put Yahweh’s goals before his non-action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '15', 'a3l8', 'figs-metonymy', 'שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי אֶת־יָדִ֔\u2060י וָ\u2060אַ֥ךְ אוֹתְ\u2060ךָ֛', '1', 'reached out with my hand and attacked you', 'Here, **my hand** refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “I could have used my power to attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '15', 'hgfx', 'figs-metaphor', 'וָ\u2060אַ֥ךְ אוֹתְ\u2060ךָ֛ וְ\u2060אֶֽת־עַמְּ\u2060ךָ֖ בַּ\u2060דָּ֑בֶר', '1', '', 'Here, **a plague** is spoken about as if it were something that could be used to hit someone. Alternate translation: “and caused you and your people to suffer from a plague” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '16', 'kwks', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'וְ\u2060אוּלָ֗ם בַּ\u2060עֲב֥וּר זֹאת֙ הֶעֱמַדְתִּ֔י\u2060ךָ בַּ\u2060עֲב֖וּר הַרְאֹתְ\u2060ךָ֣ אֶת־כֹּחִ֑\u2060י וּ\u2060לְמַ֛עַן סַפֵּ֥ר שְׁמִ֖\u2060י בְּ\u2060כָל־הָ\u2060אָֽרֶץ׃', '1', '', 'The statements from **to show** to the end of the verse are Yahweh’s stated goals, and thus, his reasons for not yet destroying Egypt and Pharaoh. You will need to translate, **However, for this reason I appointed you: in order** in a way that connects with the [previous verse](../09/15.md) in an action-goal manner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '16', 'nec7', 'figs-metonymy', 'וּ\u2060לְמַ֛עַן סַפֵּ֥ר שְׁמִ֖\u2060י בְּ\u2060כָל־הָ\u2060אָֽרֶץ', '1', 'so that my name may be proclaimed throughout all the earth', 'Here, **my name** represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “and so that people everywhere will know who I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '17', 'h3ed', 'figs-metaphor', 'עוֹדְ\u2060ךָ֖ מִסְתּוֹלֵ֣ל בְּ\u2060עַמִּ֑\u2060י', '1', 'lifting yourself up against my people', 'Pharaoh’s opposition to letting the Israelites go to worship Yahweh is spoken of as if he were raising himself up as a barrier to them. Alternate translation: “You are still blocking my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '17', 'sdav', 'figs-rpronouns', 'מִסְתּוֹלֵ֣ל', '1', '', 'Here, Pharaoh fills two different roles in the sentence. Different languages have different methods of marking this. Translate this in a way that conveys that Pharaoh is making Pharaoh (himself) proud (metaphorically expressed as Pharaoh making Pharaoh (himself) the obstacle in the Israelites’ way to freedom as discussed in the previous note.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '17', 'r1wv', '', 'מִסְתּוֹלֵ֣ל', '1', '', 'Here, **you** is Pharaoh.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '17', 'zfhb', '', 'בְּ\u2060עַמִּ֑\u2060י', '1', '', 'Here, **my people** are the Israelites.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '18', 'fnd2', '', 'הִנְ\u2060נִ֤י', '1', 'Listen!', '“Pay attention to the important thing I am about to tell you”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '18', 'pmy0', '', 'כָּ\u2060עֵ֣ת…אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־הָיָ֤ה כָמֹ֨\u2060הוּ֙', '1', '', '“at this time. There has never been anything like this”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '19', 'fduj', 'figs-metonymy', 'שְׁלַ֤ח הָעֵז֙ אֶֽת־מִקְנְ\u2060ךָ֔ וְ\u2060אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְ\u2060ךָ֖ בַּ\u2060שָּׂדֶ֑ה', '1', '', 'The form of address here is singular; Moses is speaking directly to Pharaoh. However, the next two verses make it clear that Pharaoh’s servants heard and understood this warning to be for them as well. In this sense Pharaoh represents the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '19', 'eo52', '', 'וְ\u2060יָרַ֧ד עֲלֵ\u2060הֶ֛ם הַ\u2060בָּרָ֖ד', '1', '', '“the hail will come down on”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '19', 'x4ja', 'figs-gendernotations', 'כָּל־הָ\u2060אָדָ֨ם', '1', '', 'Here, **man** means humans and includes men, women, and children. Alternate translation: “everyone” or “anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '19', 'itlv', '', 'וְ\u2060הַ\u2060בְּהֵמָ֜ה', '1', '', 'This includes domestic and wild animals.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '19', 'f80e', 'figs-explicit', 'וָ\u2060מֵֽתוּ', '1', '', 'The people and animals **will die** because they are hurt fatally by the hail. You may need to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “and the hail will kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '19', 'g90p', 'figs-quotemarks', 'וָ\u2060מֵֽתוּ', '1', '', 'Up to three levels of direct quotation (depending on your earlier decision about converting a level to an indirect quotation) end at the end of this verse. You should indicate that ending here with closing first-level, second-level, and third-level (if required) quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of quotations within quotations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '20', 'dp8j', 'figs-explicit', 'הַ\u2060יָּרֵא֙', '1', '', 'As in some other occasions, Moses’ conversation with Pharaoh is not recorded. You may need to make explicit the fact that he did as Yahweh instructed. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '20', 'p3nz', '', 'הַ\u2060יָּרֵא֙ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה מֵֽ\u2060עַבְדֵ֖י פַּרְעֹ֑ה', '1', '', '“Those of Pharaoh’s servants who feared Yahweh’s warning”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '21', 'dvwv', '', 'וַ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־שָׂ֛ם לִבּ֖\u2060וֹ אֶל', '1', '', 'Here, **set his heart** means he believed or thought something was true. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. Alternate translation: “but whoever did not respect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '22', 'vtfl', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה', '1', '', 'A minor scene shift occurs here and may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '22', 'zwvk', '', 'יָֽדְ\u2060ךָ֙', '1', '', 'See note in the [introduction to chapter 8](../08/intro.md) regarding the hand and staff.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '22', 'h9cr', 'figs-gendernotations', 'הָ\u2060אָדָ֣ם', '1', '', 'This includes women and children. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '22', 'r0g4', '', 'הַ\u2060בְּהֵמָ֗ה', '1', '', 'This includes domestic and wild animals.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '23', 'o8zy', '', 'מַטֵּ\u2060הוּ֮', '1', '', 'See note in the [introduction to chapter 8](../08/intro.md) regarding the hand and staff.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '25', 'vnpj', 'figs-merism', 'מֵ\u2060אָדָ֖ם וְ\u2060עַד־בְּהֵמָ֑ה', '1', '', 'This is a figure of speech used to emphasize the extent and severity of the hail. Alternate translation: “every living thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '25', 'ft0o', 'figs-gendernotations', 'מֵ\u2060אָדָ֖ם', '1', '', 'This includes women and children. Alternate translation: “from people” or “from mankind” or “from humans” See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '25', 'apbl', '', 'בְּהֵמָ֑ה', '1', '', 'This includes domestic and wild animals.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '27', 'fu9c', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יִּשְׁלַ֣ח פַּרְעֹ֗ה', '1', 'to summon', 'A minor scene shift occurs here and may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '27', 'sh1x', '', 'חָטָ֣אתִי', '1', '', 'Some commentators suggest translating **sinned** more literally, that is “missed the mark,” because Pharaoh is probably not admitting a moral failure, but instead, admitting that he misjudged.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '27', 'joxy', '', 'הַ\u2060צַּדִּ֔יק…הָ\u2060רְשָׁעִֽים', '1', '', 'Many commentators suggest that Pharaoh is using these terms in a narrow, legal sense and only referring to this instance. That is, he is saying something like “I’ve lost this round in court.” See UST.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '27', 'wag1', '', 'וְ\u2060עַמִּ֖\u2060י', '1', '', '**My people** refers to the Egyptians.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '28', 'r0cs', 'figs-litotes', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֥א תֹסִפ֖וּ\u2060ן לַ\u2060עֲמֹֽד', '1', '', 'This negative statement strengthens the force of Pharaoh’s statement that he will let the people go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '29', 'ajz3', '', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָי\u2060ו֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה', '1', 'Moses said to him', '“And Moses said to Pharaoh”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '29', 'b787', 'translate-symaction', 'אֶפְרֹ֥שׂ אֶת־כַּפַּ֖\u2060י אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה', '1', 'spread my hands out to Yahweh', 'This symbolic gesture accompanies prayer. Alternate translation: “I will pray to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '30', 'tn94', 'grammar-connect-condition-contrary', 'וְ\u2060אַתָּ֖ה וַ\u2060עֲבָדֶ֑י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'honor Yahweh God', 'This phrase is shifted to the beginning of the sentence to mark focus on Pharaoh and his servants because, despite Yahweh demonstrating his power, they are not yet afraid of him. If your language has a form or discourse feature that draws contrastive focus to participants, use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '30', 'srx4', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִ\u2060פְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה', '1', '', 'Here, **face** means presence or power. Alternate translation: “of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '31', 'p1v8', 'translate-unknown', 'וְ\u2060הַ\u2060פִּשְׁתָּ֥ה…וְ\u2060הַ\u2060פִּשְׁתָּ֖ה', '1', 'flax', '**Flax** is a plant that produces fibers that can be made into linen cloth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '31', 'lzar', 'translate-unknown', 'אָבִ֔יב', '1', '', 'This means the seeds at the top of the stalk were developing but still green. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '31', 'xnvj', '', 'גִּבְעֹֽל', '1', '', '“was flowering”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '32', 'jmq3', 'translate-unknown', 'וְ\u2060הַ\u2060כֻּסֶּ֖מֶת', '1', 'spelt', '**Spelt** is a kind of wheat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '33', 'fa2j', 'translate-symaction', 'וַ\u2060יִּפְרֹ֥שׂ כַּפָּ֖י\u2060ו אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה', '1', 'spread out his hands to Yahweh', 'This symbolic gesture accompanies prayer. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:29](../09/29.md). Alternate translation: “lifted up his hands toward Yahweh and prayed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '34', 'ke5k', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060יַּכְבֵּ֥ד לִבּ֖\u2060וֹ', '1', 'hardened his heart', 'Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if he made his own heart heavy. This time his servants do the same. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in [8:15](../08/15.md). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh determined to be defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '34', 'nz0e', '', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֣סֶף לַ\u2060חֲטֹ֑א', '1', '', 'This statement is from the author’s perspective. Therefore, unlike in [9:27](../09/27.md), **sin** should be translated with the word your language uses for “sin.”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '34', 'ooed', '', 'וַ\u2060יַּכְבֵּ֥ד לִבּ֖\u2060וֹ ה֥וּא וַ\u2060עֲבָדָֽי\u2060ו', '1', '', '“and he caused his heart to be heavy. His servants did also” or “and he caused his heart to be heavy. His servants did the same”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '35', 'yxt8', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַֽ\u2060יֶּחֱזַק֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה', '1', 'The heart of Pharaoh was hardened', 'Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart were strong. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). This is a neutral statement (it does not say that anyone caused him to be stubborn as many others in this part of the narrative do). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh was still defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '9', '35', 'x0kn', 'figs-metaphor', 'כַּ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה בְּ\u2060יַד־מֹשֶֽׁה', '1', '', 'This is similar to [9:12](../09/12.md). In this case, what Yahweh said is figuratively spoken of as if it were something that could be held in someone’s hand. This means that Moses delivered a message from Yahweh that Pharaoh would be stubborn. It is not clear if this message was given to the Israelites or if this refers to Moses’ statement to Pharaoh in [9:30](../09/30.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', 'intro', 's5g1', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 10 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Pharaoh’s hard heart
Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Let my people go
This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he demands that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '1', 'w4pw', 'figs-metaphor', 'כִּֽי־אֲנִ֞י הִכְבַּ֤דְתִּי אֶת־לִבּ\u2060וֹ֙ וְ\u2060אֶת־לֵ֣ב עֲבָדָ֔י\u2060ו', '1', 'for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his servants', 'This means God made Pharaoh and his servants stubborn. Their stubborn attitude is spoken of as if their hearts were heavy. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in [4:21](../04/21.md), but note that the metaphor is slightly different here. Alternate translation: “for I have caused Pharaoh and his servants to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '2', 'zg4c', '', 'הִתְעַלַּ֨לְתִּי֙ בְּ\u2060מִצְרַ֔יִם', '1', 'various signs', '“I mocked Egypt”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '3', 'pm8p', '', 'וַ\u2060יֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗י\u2060ו', '1', '', 'After this phrase, a direct quote begins that continues until near the end of [10:6](../10/06.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '3', 'u3mq', '', 'וַ\u2060יֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗י\u2060ו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽ\u2060עִבְרִ֔ים', '1', '', 'It may be helpful to turn the introductory quotation into an indirect quotation so that you do not have to use quotes within quotes. Alternate translation: “and told him that Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews, said thus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '3', 'vze4', '', 'כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙', '1', '', 'This quotation form is used to introduce commands from Yahweh. See [4:intro](../04/intro.md) for more information.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '3', 'cicf', 'figs-metonymy', 'עַד־מָתַ֣י מֵאַ֔נְתָּ לֵ\u2060עָנֹ֖ת מִ\u2060פָּנָ֑\u2060י', '1', '', 'Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of Yahweh. Particularly, it means the presence of his judgment (the plagues). Alternate translation: “Until when will you refuse to be humble when I judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '4', 'ge67', '', 'הִנְ\u2060נִ֨י', '1', 'listen', '**Behold me** adds emphasis to what is said next. Alternate translation: “beware”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '4', 'uwtp', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'אַרְבֶּ֖ה', '1', '', '**Locust** is a singular noun referring to the group as one. Alternate translation: “locusts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '5', 'zu5r', 'figs-parallelism', 'וְ\u2060כִסָּה֙ אֶת־עֵ֣ין הָ\u2060אָ֔רֶץ וְ\u2060לֹ֥א יוּכַ֖ל לִ\u2060רְאֹ֣ת אֶת־הָ\u2060אָ֑רֶץ', '1', 'hail', 'These parallel statements have a similar meaning. They are used to emphasize the great number of locusts that are coming. In some languages this will not have the same rhetorical effect, and you will need to use another device to emphasize the statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '5', 'rdav', '', 'וְ\u2060כִסָּה֙ אֶת־עֵ֣ין הָ\u2060אָ֔רֶץ', '1', '', '“And it will cover the land from sight”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '5', 'oj3i', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'וְ\u2060כִסָּה֙…וְ\u2060אָכַ֣ל…וְ\u2060אָכַל֙', '1', '', 'Here the pronoun **it** agrees in number with the collective singular “locust” in the previous verse. Insects are often referred to without gender in English, but you will need to use whatever number, gender, and/or noun class is required in your language to agree with the word for “locust” that you used in the [previous verse](../10/04.md). See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '6', 'ir5l', 'figs-hyperbole', 'עַל־הָ֣\u2060אֲדָמָ֔ה', '1', 'nothing ever seen', 'This could either mean **on the earth** (planet) or “on the land” (Egypt). Either way, it is meant to emphasize an extremely long time, meaning never. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '6', 'ma0o', 'figs-explicit', 'וַ\u2060יִּ֥פֶן', '1', '', '[Verse 3](../10/03.md) says that Aaron came in to see the king with Moses. It is implied that he left with him as well. You may make this explicit if it would help your readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '7', 'xn8j', 'figs-rquestion', 'עַד־מָתַי֙ יִהְיֶ֨ה זֶ֥ה לָ֨\u2060נוּ֙ לְ\u2060מוֹקֵ֔שׁ', '1', 'How long will this man be a menace to us?', 'Pharaoh’s servants ask this question to show Pharaoh that he is stubbornly causing the destruction of Egypt. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We cannot allow this man to continue to bring trouble to us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '7', 'jqbh', 'figs-gendernotations', 'הָ֣\u2060אֲנָשִׁ֔ים', '1', '', 'Here, **men** may be literal or it may refer to the Israelites, including the women and children. In [verse 10](../10/10.md) the king rejects the idea of letting the women and children go, and in [verse 11](../10/11.md) he specifically says that the men can go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '7', 'xdm5', 'figs-rquestion', 'הֲ\u2060טֶ֣רֶם תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֥י אָבְדָ֖ה מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', 'Do you not yet realize that Egypt is destroyed?', 'Pharaoh’s servants ask this question to bring Pharaoh to recognize what he refuses to see. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should realize that Egypt is destroyed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '7', 'c6pr', 'figs-activepassive', 'כִּ֥י אָבְדָ֖ה מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', 'that Egypt is destroyed', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that these plagues have destroyed Egypt” or “that their God has destroyed Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '8', 'bu1x', 'figs-activepassive', 'וַ\u2060יּוּשַׁ֞ב אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְ\u2060אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה', '1', '', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “And a servant brought Moses and Aaron back to Pharaoh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '8', 'fzsv', '', 'מִ֥י וָ\u2060מִ֖י', '1', '', '“Who all”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '9', 'fnnl', 'figs-exclusive', 'נֵלֵ֑ךְ…נֵלֵ֔ךְ', '1', '', '**We** means the Israelites and does not include Pharaoh or the Egyptians. Use an exclusive form here if your language has this distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '10', 'hjc9', '', 'יְהִ֨י כֵ֤ן יְהוָה֙ עִמָּ\u2060כֶ֔ם כַּ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֛ר אֲשַׁלַּ֥ח אֶתְ\u2060כֶ֖ם וְ\u2060אֶֽת־טַפְּ\u2060כֶ֑ם', '1', 'if I ever let you go and your little ones go', '**May Yahweh be with you** is usually a blessing but is almost certainly not here. It likely means something like “It will take Yahweh’s power to make me let you and your children go,” or “May Yahweh be as favorable to you as I am to the idea of letting your children go.” Pharaoh is saying that it will take Yahweh to make him do what Moses wants, but he does not think that will happen. Alternate translation: “It will be clear that Yahweh is with you if I let you and your children go”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '10', 'w8x4', '', 'רְא֕וּ כִּ֥י רָעָ֖ה נֶ֥גֶד פְּנֵי\u2060כֶֽם', '1', '', 'The phrase **for evil is before your faces** could either be a warning from Pharaoh that Moses’ actions will lead to evil for the Israelites, or it could mean that Pharaoh thinks the Israelites plan something that he considers evil. **Faces** is a metonym for the whole person. Alternate translations: “I see that you plan evil” or “Be careful! Your actions will have bad consequences” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '11', 'pkm4', '', 'הַ\u2060גְּבָרִים֙', '1', 'Then Moses and Aaron were driven out from Pharaoh’s presence', 'This interjection clarifies who may go. Alternate translation: “the leaders”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '11', 'vdjk', 'figs-metonymy', 'מֵ\u2060אֵ֖ת פְּנֵ֥י פַרְעֹֽה', '1', '', 'Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of Pharaoh. Alternate translation: “from his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '12', 'kchn', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה', '1', '', 'There is a minor scene change here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '12', 'gjfx', '', 'יָדְ\u2060ךָ֜', '1', '', 'See note in the [introduction to chapter 8](../08/intro.md) regarding the hand and staff.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '12', 'qikq', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'בָּֽ\u2060אַרְבֶּ֔ה', '1', '', '**Locust** is a singular noun referring to the group as one. See how you translated this in [10:4](../10/04.md). Alternate translation: “locusts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '12', 'gzwa', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'וְ\u2060יַ֖עַל …וְ\u2060יֹאכַל֙', '1', '', 'Here, the pronoun **it** agrees in number with the collective singular “locust.” See how you translated this in [10:5](../10/05.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '13', 'xqsz', '', 'מַטֵּ\u2060הוּ֮', '1', '', 'See note in the [introduction to chapter 8](../08/intro.md) regarding the hand and staff.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '13', 'vee8', '', 'ר֥וּחַ קָדִים֙', '1', '', 'The wind blew from east to west.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '13', 'syz2', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'הָ\u2060אַרְבֶּֽה', '1', '', 'See how you translated this in [10:4](../10/04.md). Alternate translation: “locusts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '14', 'kuuu', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'הָֽ\u2060אַרְבֶּ֗ה …אַרְבֶּה֙', '1', '', 'See how you translated this in [10:4](../10/04.md). Alternate translation: “locusts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '15', 'b3h5', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'וַ\u2060יְכַ֞ס …וַ\u2060יֹּ֜אכַל', '1', 'so that it was darkened', 'Here the pronoun **it** agrees in number with the collective singular “locust.” See how you translated this in [10:5](../10/05.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '15', 'xszc', '', 'וַ\u2060יְכַ֞ס אֶת־עֵ֣ין כָּל־הָ\u2060אָרֶץ֮', '1', '', 'See how you translated this in [10:5](../10/05.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '15', 'ill1', 'figs-parallelism', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֜אכַל אֶת־כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב הָ\u2060אָ֗רֶץ וְ\u2060אֵת֙ כָּל־פְּרִ֣י הָ\u2060עֵ֔ץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹתִ֖יר הַ\u2060בָּרָ֑ד וְ\u2060לֹא־נוֹתַ֨ר כָּל־יֶ֧רֶק בָּ\u2060עֵ֛ץ וּ\u2060בְ\u2060עֵ֥שֶׂב הַ\u2060שָּׂדֶ֖ה בְּ\u2060כָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', '', 'These parallel statements reinforce one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '16', 'ty9f', 'figs-youdual', 'אֱלֹֽהֵי\u2060כֶ֖ם וְ\u2060לָ\u2060כֶֽם', '1', '', 'Here, **you** and **your** are plural. These could refer either to Moses and Aaron or to all the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '17', 'tsve', '', 'שָׂ֣א', '1', '', '“take away”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '17', 'ttog', '', 'אַ֣ךְ הַ\u2060פַּ֔עַם…רַ֖ק', '1', '', 'Pharaoh could either be desperate and using **just this once ... only** to attempt to make his request as small as possible to increase the chances of it being granted, or he could be still too proud to admit guilt beyond this single incident (which is probably his bold statement about Yahweh being with the Israelites in [10:10](../10/10.md)). The former seems more likely given that he terms this plague “this death.” If your culture has a way of making a request seem as small as possible, you may want to use it to translate Pharaoh’s request.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '17', 'kd6d', 'figs-youdual', 'אֱלֹהֵי\u2060כֶ֑ם', '1', 'this time', 'Here, **your** is plural. This could refer either to Moses and Aaron or to all the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '17', 'doeg', 'figs-metonymy', 'הַ\u2060מָּ֥וֶת הַ\u2060זֶּֽה', '1', '', 'The word **death** here refers to the destruction by the locusts of all plants in Egypt, which would eventually lead to the deaths of people, because there would be no crops. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '17', 'nn2b', 'figs-explicit', 'הַ\u2060מָּ֥וֶת הַ\u2060זֶּֽה', '1', 'take this death away from me', 'The word **death** here refers to the destruction by the locusts of all plants in Egypt, which would eventually lead to the deaths of people because there would be no crops. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “this destruction that will lead to our deaths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '18', 'p9hz', '', 'וַ\u2060יֵּצֵ֖א', '1', '', 'Moses and Aaron were summoned to the king in [10:16](../10/16.md) so some translations will need to say that they both left.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '19', 'xhsv', '', 'רֽוּחַ־יָם֙ חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֔ד', '1', '', '“a very strong west wind” or “a very strong wind from the west”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '19', 'mdp5', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּשָּׂא֙ אֶת־הָ֣\u2060אַרְבֶּ֔ה', '1', 'picked up the locusts', '“and it moved the locusts upwards”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '19', 'zhcu', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'הָ֣\u2060אַרְבֶּ֔ה …אַרְבֶּ֣ה', '1', '', 'See how you translated this in [10:4](../10/04.md). Alternate translation: “the locusts … of the locusts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '19', 'q8aj', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'וַ\u2060יִּתְקָעֵ֖\u2060הוּ', '1', '', 'Here, the first **it** refers to the wind, the second agrees in number with the collective singular “locust.” See how you translated this in [10:5](../10/05.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]]']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '20', 'dw1d', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060יְחַזֵּ֥ק יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה', '1', 'Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart', 'This means God made him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart were strong. If heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in [4:21](../04/21.md). Alternate translation: “But Yahweh caused Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '21', 'x6xk', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה', '1', '', 'A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. This is the start of the third plague sequence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '21', 'utyz', '', 'יָֽדְ\u2060ךָ֙', '1', '', 'See note in the [introduction to chapter 8](../08/intro.md) regarding the hand and staff.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '21', 'm38s', 'figs-metaphor', 'מִצְרָ֑יִם וְ\u2060יָמֵ֖שׁ חֹֽשֶׁךְ', '1', 'darkness that may be felt', 'This is a somewhat puzzling construction which describes the darkness. Most English translations take it as a passive, which restated actively means, “people will feel the darkness,” meaning metaphorically what is expressed in different ways in the UST and the alternate translation here. Another option is to view the Hebrew verb form as causative and translate as such: “and the darkness will cause people to feel,” meaning people will have to feel where they are going because they will not be able to see. A final option would be a personification of darkness such that the darkness gropes around, filling in every place in the land. Alternate translation: “Egypt — an extremely oppressive darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '22', 'z4ge', '', 'יָד֖\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'See note in the [introduction to chapter 8](../08/intro.md) regarding the hand and staff.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '22', 'vbzj', 'translate-numbers', 'שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת', '1', '', '“for 3” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '23', 'jmd8', 'figs-metonymy', 'לֹֽא־רָא֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אָחִ֗י\u2060ו', '1', '', 'This phrase means that people could not see the people who lived closest to them, whether or not that person was literally their brother. Alternate translation: “No one could see the people who lived with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '23', 'o572', 'figs-gendernotations', 'אִ֣ישׁ …אִ֥ישׁ', '1', '', 'Here, **man** refers to any human in general. Alternate translation: “person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '23', 'qstu', 'translate-numbers', 'שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת', '1', '', '“for 3” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '24', 'vfo4', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לְכוּ֙ עִבְד֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה רַ֛ק צֹאנְ\u2060כֶ֥ם וּ\u2060בְקַרְ\u2060כֶ֖ם יֻצָּ֑ג גַּֽם־טַפְּ\u2060כֶ֖ם יֵלֵ֥ךְ עִמָּ\u2060כֶֽם', '1', '', 'This is a direct quote of what the king said. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '24', 'vp7b', 'figs-youdual', 'לְכוּ֙ עִבְד֣וּ … צֹאנְ\u2060כֶ֥ם וּ\u2060בְקַרְ\u2060כֶ֖ם …טַפְּ\u2060כֶ֖ם …עִמָּ\u2060כֶֽם', '1', '', 'Every instance of **you** and **your**, as well as the imperative verb forms in this verse, are plural. They refer to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '25', 'hnt5', 'figs-quotemarks', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה', '1', '', 'After this phrase, a direct quote begins that continues until the end of [10:26](10:26). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '25', 'rsr4', 'figs-metonymy', 'גַּם־אַתָּ֛ה תִּתֵּ֥ן בְּ\u2060יָדֵ֖\u2060נוּ זְבָחִ֣ים וְ\u2060עֹל֑וֹת', '1', '', 'The construction here is difficult. Based on context, Moses is probably not saying that Pharaoh needs to provide his own animals to the Israelites. He is asking Pharaoh to let the Israelites take their own animals. **Give in our hands** means to take with them, by whatever means, which may include holding a rope in the hand to lead the animals or any other means of herding the animals. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '25', 'cj78', 'figs-metonymy', 'זְבָחִ֣ים וְ\u2060עֹל֑וֹת', '1', '', 'Here, **sacrifices and burnt offerings** refers to the animals of their flocks and herds that they must take. Alternate translation: “animals for sacrifices and burnt offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '25', 'bjy0', '', 'וְ\u2060עָשִׂ֖ינוּ לַ\u2060יהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי\u2060נוּ', '1', '', 'Here, **do** means “do the sacrifices and burnt offerings.” Alternate translation: “and we will make those sacrifices and burnt offerings to Yahweh our God”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '25', 'ixo7', 'figs-exclusive', 'בְּ\u2060יָדֵ֖\u2060נוּ …וְ\u2060עָשִׂ֖ינוּ …אֱלֹהֵֽי\u2060נוּ', '1', '', 'Here, **we** and **us** refers to the Israelites (same group as the speaker’s) while excluding Pharaoh and the Egyptians (listeners’ group). If your language distinguishes between forms of we and us based on who is included, be sure to use the one appropriate to the described group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '26', 'k0pi', 'figs-exclusive', 'מִקְנֵ֜\u2060נוּ …עִמָּ֗\u2060נוּ …נִקַּ֔ח …אֱלֹהֵ֑י\u2060נוּ וַ\u2060אֲנַ֣חְנוּ …נֵדַ֗ע …נַּעֲבֹד֙ …בֹּאֵ֖\u2060נוּ', '1', '', 'Here, **we, our,** and **us** each refers to the Israelites (same group as the speaker’s) while excluding Pharaoh and the Egyptians (listeners’ group). If your language distinguishes between forms of we, our, and us based on who is included, be sure to use the one appropriate to the described group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '26', 'ys4v', 'figs-activepassive', 'לֹ֤א תִשָּׁאֵר֙ פַּרְסָ֔ה', '1', '', 'This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “We cannot leave behind a single animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '26', 'v9uc', 'figs-synecdoche', 'פַּרְסָ֔ה', '1', 'a hoof', 'Here the word **hoof** refers to the entire animal. Alternate translation: “a single animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '26', 'uiom', '', 'שָֽׁמָּ\u2060ה', '1', '', 'The destination is unspecified. Previous context suggests it would be at the mountain of God (see [3:1](../03/01.md), especially [3:12](../03/12.md), and [4:27](../04/27.md)) which would take three days to travel to (see [3:18](../03/18.md) and [5:3](../05/03.md)).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '27', 'n588', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060יְחַזֵּ֥ק יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה', '1', 'Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart', 'This means God made him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart were strong. If heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in [4:21](../04/21.md). Alternate translation: “But Yahweh caused Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '27', 'mv8t', '', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֥א אָבָ֖ה לְ\u2060שַׁלְּחָֽ\u2060ם', '1', 'he would not let them go', '“and Pharaoh would not consent to let them go”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '28', 'di6g', 'figs-rpronouns', 'הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְ\u2060ךָ֗', '1', '', 'Here, the listener, Moses, fills two different roles in the sentence. He is the person told to look (subject) and he himself is what he is told to look at (object). Different languages have different methods of marking this. Alternate translation: “You watch yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '28', 'lcz2', 'figs-explicit', 'תָּמֽוּת', '1', 'Be careful about one thing', 'Pharaoh means he will have Moses killed. You may choose to make this explicit as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '28', 'te45', 'figs-synecdoche', 'פָּנַ֔\u2060י …פָנַ֖\u2060י', '1', 'you see my face', 'Here, **face** refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: see UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '29', 'h1jf', 'figs-idiom', 'כֵּ֣ן דִּבַּ֑רְתָּ', '1', 'You yourself have spoken', 'With these words, Moses emphasizes that Pharaoh has spoken the truth. Alternate translation: “What you have said is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '10', '29', 'rg18', 'figs-synecdoche', 'פָּנֶֽי\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'Here, **face** refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', 'intro', 'pu3u', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 11 General Notes
Chapter 11 is a transition point in the book. The previous nine plagues (in their three sequences of three) have come to an end and the last plague, the death of the firstborn, is about to occur, along with the Passover and the Exodus itself. It is difficult to know if the events in chapter 11 all are recorded in the order in which they happened. For translation, you should follow the order of the text if it will not confuse your readers.
It may be helpful to think that after the end of chapter 10, Yahweh spoke to Moses immediately, before he actually left Pharaoh’s presence (v. [1](../11/01.md)-[2](../11/02.md)). [Verse 3](../11/03.md) is a comment suggesting that the Egyptians will be willing to do as the Israelites are told to ask them to do in [v. 2](../11/02.md). In verses [4](../11/04.md)-[7](../11/07.md) Moses gives Pharaoh and his officials a message from Yahweh that Yahweh is giving to Moses right at that moment. At the end of [v. 8](../11/08.md) Moses leaves Pharaoh’s presence (completing the interaction from the [end of ch. 10](../10/28.md)). [Verse 9](../11/09.md) may either be Yahweh telling Moses what is going to happen, or it could be part of the summary that occurs in [v. 10](../11/10.md). Verse 10 summarizes what has happened in chs. 5-10 (especially the plagues in chs. 7-10) in preparation for the great last plague.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Pharaoh’s hard heart
Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.
### Let my people go
In the previous chapters, Moses did not ask Pharaoh’s permission for the Hebrew people to leave. Instead, he demanded that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. In this chapter, the same wording is used to refer to Pharaoh “allowing” the Hebrew people to leave Egypt.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '1', 'hrom', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה', '1', '', 'After this phrase, a direct quote begins that continues until the end of [11:2](../11/02.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '1', 'eqeb', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'כְּ\u2060שַׁ֨לְּח֔\u2060וֹ…יְגָרֵ֥שׁ', '1', '', 'These verbs (**lets go** and **drive away**) are meant to immediately follow one another. When you translate, make sure they are almost simultaneous in time; the letting go happens and then immediately the driving away happens. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '1', 'iocd', '', 'כָּלָ֕ה גָּרֵ֛שׁ יְגָרֵ֥שׁ', '1', '', 'The wording here is very forceful. Use strong words, forms, or phrasing when you are translating.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '1', 'i87h', 'figs-youdual', 'אֶתְ\u2060כֶ֖ם…אֶתְ\u2060כֶ֖ם', '1', 'he will let you go from here', 'Each occurrence of the word **you** in this verse is plural and refers to Moses and the rest of the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '2', 'x83s', 'figs-aside', 'דַּבֶּר־נָ֖א בְּ\u2060אָזְנֵ֣י הָ\u2060עָ֑ם וְ\u2060יִשְׁאֲל֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ׀ מֵ\u2060אֵ֣ת רֵעֵ֗\u2060הוּ וְ\u2060אִשָּׁה֙ מֵ\u2060אֵ֣ת רְעוּתָ֔\u2060הּ כְּלֵי־כֶ֖סֶף וּ\u2060כְלֵ֥י זָהָֽב', '1', '', 'In this verse the author interjects a comment about the situation. Some translations choose to put the verse in parenthesis to indicate this. You may mark it in a way that is natural to your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-aside]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '2', 't14c', '', 'נָ֖א', '1', '', 'Here, **now** conveys urgency, indicating that Moses should speak soon, without delaying for other things. If you have a way of giving a command that shows that it is important for someone to do it quickly, it would be better to translate in that way than in a way that means “now” in a time sense (versus earlier or later).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '2', 'nlsk', '', 'בְּ\u2060אָזְנֵ֣י הָ\u2060עָ֑ם', '1', '', '“so the people hear you” or “when all the people are listening”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '2', 'jl6w', '', 'כְּלֵי־כֶ֖סֶף וּ\u2060כְלֵ֥י זָהָֽב', '1', '', 'These could be any sort of thing made from silver or gold (for instance: utensils, cups, pitchers, plates, candleholders), not just jewelry.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '2', 'ddej', '', 'וְ\u2060יִשְׁאֲל֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ׀ מֵ\u2060אֵ֣ת רֵעֵ֗\u2060הוּ וְ\u2060אִשָּׁה֙ מֵ\u2060אֵ֣ת רְעוּתָ֔\u2060הּ כְּלֵי־כֶ֖סֶף וּ\u2060כְלֵ֥י זָהָֽב', '1', '', '[Exodus 3:22](../03/22.md) contains similar instructions; see how you translated there.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '2', 'jyqa', 'figs-quotemarks', 'זָהָֽב', '1', '', 'At the end of this verse, the direct quote of Yahweh that started in the previous verse ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '3', 'hng9', 'figs-idiom', 'חֵ֥ן הָ\u2060עָ֖ם בְּ\u2060עֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם', '1', '', 'Here, **in the eyes of the Egyptians** is an idiom for the Egyptian’s feelings or opinion. **Favor** means those feelings are positive. Taken together, this means that when the Egyptians see the Israelites leaving Egypt, they will gladly help them. (Because the Egyptians have suffered under Gods judgment, the Egyptians want so badly to see them leave). If your language has the same or a similar idiom, you can translate or use it. Otherwise, you can translate the meaning. See how you translated this in [3:21](../03/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '3', 'orq6', 'figs-idiom', 'בְּ\u2060עֵינֵ֥י עַבְדֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה וּ\u2060בְ\u2060עֵינֵ֥י הָ\u2060עָֽם', '1', '', 'Here, **in the eyes of the servants of Pharaoh and in the eyes of the people** is an idiom for their feelings or opinions. If your language has the same or a similar idiom, you can translate or use it. Otherwise, you can translate the meaning. See how you translated a similar idiom in [3:21](../03/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '3', 's5zy', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־חֵ֥ן הָ\u2060עָ֖ם בְּ\u2060עֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם', '1', '', '[Exodus 3:21](../03/21.md) contains a related phrase; see how you translated it there.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '4', 'sewb', 'figs-quotemarks', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה', '1', '', 'After this phrase, a direct quote begins that continues until the end of [11:8](../11/08.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '4', 'kpb5', '', 'כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה', '1', 'midnight', 'This quotation form is used to introduce commands from Yahweh. See [4:intro](../04/intro.md) for more information.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '4', 'vyvr', 'figs-quotemarks', 'כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה', '1', '', 'After this phrase, a second-level direct quote begins which continues until the end of [11:7](../11/07.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '5', 'hv8k', '', 'בְּכוֹר֮ …מִ\u2060בְּכ֤וֹר …בְּכ֣וֹר …בְּכ֥וֹר', '1', 'All the firstborn … the firstborn of Pharaoh … the firstborn of the slave girl … the firstborn of the cattle', 'The “firstborn” always refers to the oldest male offspring.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '5', 'k42h', 'figs-merism', 'מִ\u2060בְּכ֤וֹר פַּרְעֹה֙ הַ\u2060יֹּשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְא֔\u2060וֹ עַ֚ד בְּכ֣וֹר הַ\u2060שִּׁפְחָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר אַחַ֣ר הָ\u2060רֵחָ֑יִם וְ\u2060כֹ֖ל בְּכ֥וֹר בְּהֵמָֽה', '1', 'who sits on his throne', 'This is a merism. First, two extremes are mentioned: the highest of society (**Pharaoh, who sits on his throne**) and the lowest (**the slave girl who is behind the mill**). Then the animals (**beasts**) are added making it a three- item list of parts of society and even economy to show the totality of the coming judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '5', 'hr1x', '', 'אֲשֶׁ֖ר אַחַ֣ר הָ\u2060רֵחָ֑יִם', '1', 'who is behind the handmill grinding it', '“who is grinding at the handmill” or “who is behind the handmill grinding grain”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '6', 'hui7', 'figs-merism', 'אֲשֶׁ֤ר כָּמֹ֨\u2060הוּ֙ לֹ֣א נִהְיָ֔תָה וְ\u2060כָמֹ֖\u2060הוּ לֹ֥א תֹסִֽף', '1', '', 'This is a merism that uses the extremes of past and future to emphasize the concept of “never.” Alternate translation: “such as has never been and never will be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '7', 'b60a', 'figs-idiom', 'לֹ֤א יֶֽחֱרַץ…לְשֹׁנ֔\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'This means make an unfriendly noise. Alternate translation: “will not growl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '7', 't61i', 'figs-youdual', 'תֵּֽדְע֔וּ\u2060ן', '1', '', 'Here, **you** is plural. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '7', 'fl78', '', 'אֲשֶׁר֙ יַפְלֶ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה בֵּ֥ין מִצְרַ֖יִם וּ\u2060בֵ֥ין יִשְׂרָאֵֽל', '1', '', 'See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:4](../09/04.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '7', 'wicm', 'figs-quotemarks', 'יִשְׂרָאֵֽל', '1', '', 'After this phrase, the second-level direct quote ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '8', 'hoft', 'translate-symaction', 'וְ\u2060הִשְׁתַּֽחֲוּוּ־לִ֣\u2060י', '1', '', 'This does not mean to bow for worshiping. **They will bow to** Moses to beg him to leave. They will do this to show how desperate they will be for Moses and the Israelites to go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '8', 'l678', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060הִשְׁתַּֽחֲוּוּ־לִ֣\u2060י', '1', '', '**They will bow to** Moses to beg him to leave. They will do this to show how desperate they will be for Moses and the Israelites to go. If this action would not mean the same thing in your culture, you may need to make the reason they are bowing explicit. Alternate translation: “and they will bow down to me to beg” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '8', 'njx8', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060כָל־הָ\u2060עָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־בְּ\u2060רַגְלֶ֔י\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'Here, the people are figuratively pictured as below Moses, as his followers. The reference to **feet** also can mean they go the same place he goes, again, meaning “follower.” If your language uses a similar image to mean follower, you can translate the image; if not, you may use another image from your culture or translate the meaning. Alternate translation: “and all the people who are following you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '8', 'ria5', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן אֵצֵ֑א', '1', 'After that I will go out', 'This means that Moses and the Israelites will leave Egypt. Alternate translation: “After that I will leave here” or “After that I will go out from Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '8', 'awcj', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אֵצֵ֑א', '1', '', 'After this phrase, the direct quote ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '8', 'milu', 'figs-idiom', 'בָּ\u2060חֳרִי־אָֽף', '1', '', 'This is an idiom meaning that Moses is angry. Alternate translation: “enraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '9', 'xk4l', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לֹא־יִשְׁמַ֥ע אֲלֵי\u2060כֶ֖ם פַּרְעֹ֑ה לְמַ֛עַן רְב֥וֹת מוֹפְתַ֖\u2060י בְּ\u2060אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '10', 'h5g7', 'writing-endofstory', 'וּ\u2060מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְ\u2060אַהֲרֹ֗ן עָשׂ֛וּ אֶת־כָּל־הַ\u2060מֹּפְתִ֥ים הָ\u2060אֵ֖לֶּה לִ\u2060פְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וַ\u2060יְחַזֵּ֤ק יְהוָה֙ אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְ\u2060לֹֽא־שִׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵ\u2060אַרְצֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'This verse is summarizing and wrapping up the story of the plagues. If your language has a way of summarizing information at the end of a story, try to translate this verse (and possibly verse 9 - see the the introductory notes to this chapter) in this way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '11', '10', 'um4u', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060יְחַזֵּ֤ק יְהוָה֙ אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה', '1', 'Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart', 'This means God made him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart were strong. If heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in [4:21](../04/21.md). Alternate translation: “But Yahweh caused Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', 'intro', 'fd2f', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 12 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The events of this chapter are known as the Passover. They are remembered in the celebration of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])
1. Instruction v. 1-28
- v. 1-20: Yahweh gives instructions
- v. 1-11: how to eat this Passover
- v. 12-13: description of the plague
- v. 14-20: directions for future celebration of Passover
- v. 21-28: Moses repeats Yahweh’s instructions to Israelites
2. Narrative v. 29-42: Passover and Exodus
3. Instruction v. 43-49: which foreigners may eat Passover
4. Summary Narrative v. 50-51
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Unleavened bread
The concept of unleavened bread is introduced in this chapter. Its significance stems from its connection to the events in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unleavenedbread]])
### Ethnic segregation
The Hebrew people were to be separate from the rest of the world. Because of this, they separated themselves from other people groups. At this time, these foreigners were looked upon as unholy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Potential translation issues:
### Passover
### Pronoun usage
In the long quotation (verses 3-20) that Yahweh tells Moses and Aaron to convey to the Israelites, he speaks of them in the third person (“they must”) in [verses 3](../12/03.md)–4 and [verses 7](../12/07.md)–8 and to them in the second person (“you must”) for all the rest of the instruction. Some languages may need to keep the pronoun person consistent throughout the quotation.
### You plural
In this chapter, almost every occurrence of “you” or “your” is plural. Each one refers to all the Israelites. Those that are not will be marked. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form throughout unless otherwise noted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '2', 'z785', 'figs-quotemarks', 'הַ\u2060חֹ֧דֶשׁ הַ\u2060זֶּ֛ה לָ\u2060כֶ֖ם רֹ֣אשׁ חֳדָשִׁ֑ים', '1', 'For you, this month will be the start of months, the first month of the year to you', 'The start of this verse is the beginning of a direct quote which continues until the end of [verse 20](../12/20.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '2', 'gtgb', 'figs-parallelism', 'הַ\u2060חֹ֧דֶשׁ הַ\u2060זֶּ֛ה לָ\u2060כֶ֖ם רֹ֣אשׁ חֳדָשִׁ֑ים רִאשׁ֥וֹן הוּא֙ לָ\u2060כֶ֔ם לְ\u2060חָדְשֵׁ֖י הַ\u2060שָּׁנָֽה', '1', '', 'These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the month in which the events of this chapter take place will be the beginning of their calendar year. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '2', 'uy4w', 'translate-hebrewmonths', 'רִאשׁ֥וֹן הוּא֙ לָ\u2060כֶ֔ם לְ\u2060חָדְשֵׁ֖י הַ\u2060שָּׁנָֽה', '1', 'the first month of the year', 'The first month of the Hebrew calendar includes the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. It marks when Yahweh rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '3', 'lv6s', 'figs-youdual', 'דַּבְּר֗וּ', '1', '', 'The command here is to both Moses and Aaron. If your language uses a different form if two are people addressed, use a dual form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '3', 'nu6r', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לֵ\u2060אמֹ֔ר בֶּ\u2060עָשֹׂ֖ר', '1', '', 'After **saying**, a second level direct quotation begins which continues until the end of [verse 20](../12/20.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation. **Saying** is used to mark the beginning of a quote. Many times it can be omitted in translation if the target language does not use a similar structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '3', 'jjw0', '', 'וְ\u2060יִקְח֣וּ לָ\u2060הֶ֗ם אִ֛ישׁ שֶׂ֥ה לְ\u2060בֵית־אָבֹ֖ת שֶׂ֥ה לַ\u2060בָּֽיִת', '1', '', 'This seems to be indicating that if multiple families live in one house, the man who is the leader of the family group that lives there should take one lamb for that whole household. Alternate translation: “the father of each household must take a lamb for his household, one per household”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '3', 'd1f5', '', 'שֶׂ֥ה לַ\u2060בָּֽיִת', '1', '', '“one lamb per house”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '3', 'qzct', '', 'שֶׂ֥ה…שֶׂ֥ה', '1', '', 'This word literally means, “of the flock,” and could also be translated as a sheep or a goat. Here, the ULT uses **lamb** (a young sheep), because [verse 5](../12/05.md) specifies that it must be one year old. “Kid” (a young goat) would be equally valid as verse 5 also says that it could be either a sheep or a goat. You may translate it as whatever would be most familiar of sheep or goat—preferably a word that means a young sheep or goat.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '4', 'xzn3', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060אִם־יִמְעַ֣ט הַ\u2060בַּיִת֮ מִ\u2060הְיֹ֣ת מִ\u2060שֶּׂה֒', '1', 'If the household is too small for a lamb', 'This means that there are not enough people in the family to eat an entire lamb. Alternate translation: “If there are not enough people in the household to eat an entire lamb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '4', 'o258', '', 'וּ\u2060שְׁכֵנ֛\u2060וֹ הַ\u2060קָּרֹ֥ב אֶל־בֵּית֖\u2060וֹ בְּ\u2060מִכְסַ֣ת נְפָשֹׁ֑ת', '1', '', 'This phrase could either mean simply a neighbor that lives nearby or it could refer to a family of similar size, or of the right size to split a lamb with.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '4', 'fu2g', 'figs-gendernotations', 'אִ֚ישׁ', '1', 'the man and his next door neighbor', 'This refers to each person, whether man, woman, or child. Alternate translation: “each family member” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '6', 'lz76', '', 'בֵּ֥ין הָ\u2060עַרְבָּֽיִם', '1', 'twilight', 'This refers to the time of evening after the sun has set but while there is still some light.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '7', 'cjt7', '', 'עַל־שְׁתֵּ֥י הַ\u2060מְּזוּזֹ֖ת וְ\u2060עַל־הַ\u2060מַּשְׁק֑וֹף עַ֚ל הַ\u2060בָּ֣תִּ֔ים', '1', 'on the two side doorposts and on the tops of the doorframes of the houses', '“on the sides and top of the way into the house”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '8', 'uxn6', '', 'מְרֹרִ֖ים', '1', 'bitter herbs', 'These are small plants that have a strong and usually bad taste.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '9', 'ny3a', '', 'אַל־תֹּאכְל֤וּ מִמֶּ֨\u2060נּוּ֙ נָ֔א', '1', 'Do not eat it raw', '“Do not eat the lamb or goat uncooked”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '11', 'ks7d', '', 'חֲגֻרִ֔ים', '1', 'belt', '**Belts** are strips of leather or fabric for tying around the waist.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '11', 'nzw2', '', 'וַ\u2060אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אֹת\u2060וֹ֙ בְּ\u2060חִפָּז֔וֹן', '1', 'eat it hurriedly', '“And you must eat it quickly”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '11', 'r789', 'figs-explicit', 'פֶּ֥סַח ה֖וּא לַ\u2060יהוָֽה', '1', 'It is Yahweh’s Passover', 'Here the word **it** refers to eating the animal on the tenth day of the month. Alternate translation: “This observance is Yahweh’s Passover” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '12', 'sa5n', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'וּ\u2060בְ\u2060כָל־אֱלֹהֵ֥י מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֥ה שְׁפָטִ֖ים', '1', 'I will bring punishment on all the gods of Egypt', 'This can be stated with a verbal form as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '13', 'tywz', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'לְ\u2060מַשְׁחִ֔ית', '1', '', 'This can be stated with a verbal form as in the UST. Alternate translation: “to destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '13', 'bnoe', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060לֹֽא־יִֽהְיֶ֨ה בָ\u2060כֶ֥ם נֶ֨גֶף֙', '1', '', 'This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “and I will not put the plague on you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '13', 'ox3l', 'figs-metonymy', 'בְּ\u2060אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', '', 'Yahweh is going to strike the people and animals who live in **the land of Egypt**. Alternate translation: “on everything living in the land of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '14', 'fa9q', '', 'וְ\u2060הָיָה֩ הַ\u2060יּ֨וֹם הַ\u2060זֶּ֤ה', '1', '', 'Verses 14-[20](../12/20.md) are instructions for the Israelites’ future celebration of the Passover. If your language makes a distinction between near and far future events or between near and general commands, you may need to make clear that these verses primarily have a later application.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '14', 'usns', 'translate-hebrewmonths', 'הַ\u2060יּ֨וֹם הַ\u2060זֶּ֤ה', '1', '', '**This day** means the tenth day of the first month of every year. On this day every year, they must celebrate the Passover. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '15', 'xsb9', '', 'אַ֚ךְ', '1', '', '“Surely” or “Indeed”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '15', 'i9n3', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060נִכְרְתָ֞ה הַ\u2060נֶּ֤פֶשׁ הַ\u2060הִוא֙ מִ\u2060יִּשְׂרָאֵ֔ל', '1', 'that person must be cut off from Israel', 'The metaphor **cut off** has at least three possible meanings. The following alternate translations express those: (1) “he must be sent away” or (2) “he will no longer be considered to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “he must be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '15', 'enw3', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060נִכְרְתָ֞ה הַ\u2060נֶּ֤פֶשׁ הַ\u2060הִוא֙ מִ\u2060יִּשְׂרָאֵ֔ל', '1', '', 'The metaphor **cut off** has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form. Who will cut off that person is also not specified, it could be the Israelites or Yahweh. The following alternate translations express those: (1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '15', 'eqzu', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'מִ\u2060יִּשְׂרָאֵ֔ל', '1', '', '**Israel** is a collective noun referring to the nation or people group. Alternate translation: “from the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '16', 'bzj6', 'figs-activepassive', 'וּ\u2060בַ\u2060יּ֤וֹם הָ\u2060רִאשׁוֹן֙ מִקְרָא־קֹ֔דֶשׁ וּ\u2060בַ\u2060יּוֹם֙ הַ\u2060שְּׁבִיעִ֔י מִקְרָא־קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָ\u2060כֶ֑ם', '1', 'an assembly that is set apart to me', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “And on the first day and on the seventh day, you shall have an assembly of holiness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '16', 'o3oh', 'translate-ordinal', 'וּ\u2060בַ\u2060יּ֤וֹם הָ\u2060רִאשׁוֹן֙…וּ\u2060בַ\u2060יּוֹם֙ הַ\u2060שְּׁבִיעִ֔י', '1', '', '**First** and **seventh** are ordinal numbers. Alternate translation: “And on day one of the month ... and on day seven of the month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '16', 'l7pj', 'figs-activepassive', 'כָּל־מְלָאכָה֙ לֹא־יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה בָ\u2060הֶ֔ם', '1', 'No work will be done on these days', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will do no work on these days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '16', 'qr65', 'figs-activepassive', 'ה֥וּא לְ\u2060בַדּ֖\u2060וֹ יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה לָ\u2060כֶֽם', '1', 'That must be the only work that may be done by you', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that must be the only work that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '17', 'r3qj', 'translate-unknown', 'צִבְאוֹתֵי\u2060כֶ֖ם', '1', 'armed group by armed group', 'The term **hosts** refers to a large group of people, often organized into groups for war. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:26](../06/26.md). Alternate translation: “your groups” or “your divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '18', 'v7g9', 'translate-ordinal', 'בָּ\u2060רִאשֹׁ֡ן בְּ\u2060אַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֤וֹם לַ\u2060חֹ֨דֶשׁ֙…עַ֠ד י֣וֹם הָ\u2060אֶחָ֧ד וְ\u2060עֶשְׂרִ֛ים לַ\u2060חֹ֖דֶשׁ', '1', '', '**First**, **fourteenth**, and **twenty-first** are ordinal numbers. Alternate translation: “In month one, on day fourteen ... until day twenty-one of the month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '18', 'l57q', 'translate-ordinal', 'בָּ\u2060רִאשֹׁ֡ן בְּ\u2060אַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֤וֹם לַ\u2060חֹ֨דֶשׁ֙…עַ֠ד י֣וֹם הָ\u2060אֶחָ֧ד וְ\u2060עֶשְׂרִ֛ים לַ\u2060חֹ֖דֶשׁ', '1', '', '(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '18', 'm475', 'translate-hebrewmonths', 'בָּ\u2060רִאשֹׁ֡ן בְּ\u2060אַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֤וֹם לַ\u2060חֹ֨דֶשׁ֙', '1', 'the fourteenth day in the first month', 'This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '18', 'uss3', 'translate-hebrewmonths', 'י֣וֹם הָ\u2060אֶחָ֧ד וְ\u2060עֶשְׂרִ֛ים לַ\u2060חֹ֖דֶשׁ', '1', 'the twenty-first day of the month', 'This is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '19', 'aej1', 'figs-activepassive', 'שְׂאֹ֕ר לֹ֥א יִמָּצֵ֖א בְּ\u2060בָתֵּי\u2060כֶ֑ם', '1', 'no yeast must be found in your houses', 'This can be stated in active form. Note that the UST is much more accurate to the meaning here as the alternate translation in this note could suggest to someone that you must simply hide the yeast very well. Alternate translation: “no one must be able to find any yeast in your houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '19', 'vy72', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060נִכְרְתָ֞ה הַ\u2060נֶּ֤פֶשׁ הַ\u2060הִוא֙ מֵ\u2060עֲדַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל', '1', 'must be cut off from the community of Israel', 'The metaphor **cut off** has at least three possible meanings. The following alternate translations express those: (1) “that person must be sent away” or (2) “that person will no longer be considered to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “that person must be killed” See how you translated **cut off** in [Exodus 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '19', 'cwvs', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060נִכְרְתָ֞ה הַ\u2060נֶּ֤פֶשׁ הַ\u2060הִוא֙ מֵ\u2060עֲדַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל', '1', '', 'The metaphor **cut off** has at least three possible meanings. Who will cut off that person is also not specified, it could be the Israelites or Yahweh. They can be expressed in active form. See how you translated **cut off** in [Exodus 12:15](../12/15.md). The following alternate translations express those: (1) “the people of Israel must send that person away” or (2) “I will no longer consider that person to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '20', 'dj1c', 'figs-quotemarks', 'מַצּֽוֹת', '1', '', 'After this phrase, the direct quote of Yahweh’s commands to Moses and Aaron for the Israelites ends (two levels). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with closing second-level and first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of quotations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '21', 'y9qt', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'summoned', 'A new scene begins at this verse, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '21', 'exy0', 'figs-quotemarks', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵ\u2060הֶ֑ם', '1', '', 'After this phrase, a direct quote begins that continues until the end of [12:27](../12/27.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '22', 'qwv1', 'translate-unknown', 'אֲגֻדַּ֣ת אֵז֗וֹב', '1', 'hyssop', '**Hyssop** is a woody plant with small leaves that can be used for sprinkling liquids. If this plant is unknown, you can use a descriptor phrase. Alternate translation: “part of a plant with small branches and many leaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '22', 'c1cf', '', 'אֶל־הַ\u2060מַּשְׁקוֹף֙ וְ\u2060אֶל־שְׁתֵּ֣י הַ\u2060מְּזוּזֹ֔ת', '1', 'the top of the doorframe and the two doorposts', '“on the sides and top of the way into the house.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:7](../12/07.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '22', 'vdlj', 'figs-gendernotations', 'לֹ֥א…אִ֥ישׁ', '1', '', 'Here, **man** includes women and children. Alternate translation: “no person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '23', 'uu61', 'figs-synecdoche', 'וּ\u2060פָסַ֤ח יְהוָה֙ עַל־הַ\u2060פֶּ֔תַח', '1', 'pass over your door', 'Here the word **door** implies the entire house. This means that God will spare the Israelites in houses with blood on the door frames. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will pass over the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '23', 'onpu', '', 'עַל־הַ\u2060מַּשְׁק֔וֹף וְ\u2060עַ֖ל שְׁתֵּ֣י הַ\u2060מְּזוּזֹ֑ת', '1', '', '“on the sides and top of the way into the house” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:7](../12/07.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '24', 'v7z5', '', 'הַ\u2060דָּבָ֣ר הַ\u2060זֶּ֑ה', '1', 'this event', 'These words refer to the Passover or Festival of Unleavened Bread. Observing the Passover was an act of worshiping Yahweh.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '24', 'bzm0', 'figs-youcrowd', 'לְ\u2060ךָ֥ וּ\u2060לְ\u2060בָנֶ֖י\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'Here, **you** and **your** are singular but they refer to the whole nation. You may need to continue to use a plural form of “you,” if your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '24', 'ch73', 'figs-gendernotations', 'וּ\u2060לְ\u2060בָנֶ֖י\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'Here, **sons** includes everyone. Alternate translation: see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '25', 'l8ls', '', 'הָ\u2060עֲבֹדָ֥ה הַ\u2060זֹּֽאת', '1', 'this act of worship', 'These words refer to the Passover or Festival of Unleavened Bread. Observing the Passover was an act of worshiping Yahweh.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '26', 'hbh4', 'figs-gendernotations', 'בְּנֵי\u2060כֶ֑ם', '1', '', 'This refers to all children, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '26', 'odj0', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'אֲלֵי\u2060כֶ֖ם…מָ֛ה הָ\u2060עֲבֹדָ֥ה הַ\u2060זֹּ֖את לָ\u2060כֶֽם', '1', '', 'After **you**, a second-level quotation begins. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation.
However, you may want to translate this as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the layers of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “to you what this ritual means to you,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '27', 'qft1', 'figs-quotemarks', 'זֶֽבַח־פֶּ֨סַח ה֜וּא לַֽ\u2060יהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר פָּ֠סַח עַל־בָּתֵּ֤י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּ\u2060מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּ\u2060נָגְפּ֥\u2060וֹ אֶת־מִצְרַ֖יִם וְ\u2060אֶת־בָּתֵּ֣י\u2060נוּ הִצִּ֑יל', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '27', 't779', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060אֶת־בָּתֵּ֣י\u2060נוּ הִצִּ֑יל', '1', 'He set our households free', 'This means that Yahweh spared the Israelites’ firstborn sons. Alternate translation: “He did not kill the firstborn sons in our houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '28', 'r5cj', '', 'כַּ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְ\u2060אַהֲרֹ֖ן כֵּ֥ן עָשֽׂוּ', '1', 'as Yahweh had commanded Moses and Aaron', '“everything that Yahweh told Moses and Aaron to do”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '29', 'rvg9', '', '', '0', '', 'The next few verses are the climax of this part of Exodus. A number of literary features mark it out. First, it is specially introduced with **and so it happened,** which is used to mark major breaks in the narrative. Second, it uses repetition: **firstborn** is repeated four times in verse 29 so that the reader cannot possibly miss what is happening. **Night** is repeated in verse 29, 30, and 31. **Got up/get up** is repeated in verse 30 and 31. In verses 31 and 32 “also” occurs five times (it is translated as “both” once in the ULT). Third, the places of both **Pharaoh** and **the captive** are elaborated on to slow the pace and create a vivid mental image for the reader. In verse 30 there is the listing of sorts of people who got up; note the use of the double negative for emphasis. Your translation should attempt to use the same or similar literary features of your own language that slow down the pace, create vivid imagery, and emphasize that this is a climax point.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '29', 'zm1l', 'figs-merism', 'מִ\u2060בְּכֹ֤ר פַּרְעֹה֙ הַ\u2060יֹּשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְא֔\u2060וֹ עַ֚ד בְּכ֣וֹר הַ\u2060שְּׁבִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּ\u2060בֵ֣ית הַ\u2060בּ֑וֹר וְ\u2060כֹ֖ל בְּכ֥וֹר בְּהֵמָֽה', '1', 'at midnight', 'This is a merism used to indicate that there was no person or household excluded from Yahweh’s judgment. It both speaks of extreme parts of society and then makes this into a list by including the animals. Alternate translation: “the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on the throne and the firstborn of the captive who was in the house of the pit and the firstborn of everyone in between was struck; even all the firstborn of the beasts were struck” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '29', 'uj6u', '', 'בְּכוֹר֮…מִ\u2060בְּכֹ֤ר…בְּכ֣וֹר…בְּכ֥וֹר', '1', 'all the firstborn in the land of Egypt…all the firstborn of cattle', 'In theses usages, **firstborn** always refers to the oldest male offspring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 11:5](../11/05.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '29', 'g9z1', '', 'עַ֚ד בְּכ֣וֹר הַ\u2060שְּׁבִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּ\u2060בֵ֣ית הַ\u2060בּ֑וֹר', '1', 'the firstborn of the person in prison', '“to the firstborn of people in the house of the pit” This refers to prisoners in general and not to a specific person in prison.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '30', 'gt4w', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'כִּֽי־אֵ֣ין בַּ֔יִת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין־שָׁ֖ם מֵֽת׃', '1', 'for there was not a house where there was not someone dead', 'This double negative emphasizes the positive. Alternate translation: “because someone was dead in every house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '31', 'j8k5', 'figs-youdual', 'אַתֶּ֖ם…כְּ\u2060דַבֶּרְ\u2060כֶֽם', '1', '', 'Here, Pharaoh speaking is to both Moses and Aaron. If your language uses a different form if two are people addressed, use a dual form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '33', 'j5u4', 'figs-explicit', 'כֻּלָּ֥\u2060נוּ מֵתִֽים', '1', 'We will all die', 'The Egyptians were afraid that they would die if the Israelites did not leave Egypt. Alternate translation: “We will all die if you do not leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '34', 'diw8', 'figs-activepassive', 'מִשְׁאֲרֹתָ֛\u2060ם צְרֻרֹ֥ת בְּ\u2060שִׂמְלֹתָ֖\u2060ם עַל־שִׁכְמָֽ\u2060ם', '1', 'Their kneading bowls were already tied up in their clothes and on their shoulders', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They tied up their bread- making bowls in their clothes and placed them on their shoulders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '36', 'nvmo', 'figs-idiom', 'אֶת־חֵ֥ן הָ\u2060עָ֛ם בְּ\u2060עֵינֵ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם', '1', '', 'Here, **in the eyes of the Egyptians** is an idiom for the Egyptian’s feelings or opinion. **Favor** means that those feelings are positive. Taken together, this means that when the Egyptians saw the Israelites leaving Egypt, they gladly helped them (because they wanted them to leave so badly due to the Egyptians suffering under God’s judgment). If your language has the same or a similar idiom, you can translate or use it. Otherwise, you can translate the meaning. See how you translated this in [3:21](../03/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '37', 'n1ha', 'translate-names', 'מֵ\u2060רַעְמְסֵ֖ס', '1', 'Rameses', '**Rameses** was a major Egyptian city where grain was stored. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '37', 'u81l', 'translate-numbers', 'כְּ\u2060שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֨וֹת אֶ֧לֶף', '1', 'They numbered about 600,000 men', '“about six hundred thousand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '39', 'pva6', 'figs-activepassive', 'כִּֽי־גֹרְשׁ֣וּ מִ\u2060מִּצְרַ֗יִם', '1', 'they had been driven out of Egypt', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because the Egyptians had driven them out of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '40', 'qsi5', 'translate-numbers', 'שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים…וְ\u2060אַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת', '1', '430 years', '“four hundred thirty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '41', 'd8yh', 'translate-numbers', 'שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים…וְ\u2060אַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת', '1', '430 years', '“four hundred thirty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '41', 'xlf4', 'translate-unknown', 'צִבְא֥וֹת', '1', 'Yahweh’s armed groups', 'The term **hosts** refers to a large group of people, often organized into groups for war. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:26](../06/26.md). Alternate translation: “your groups” or “your divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '42', 'w6mj', '', 'לַֽ\u2060יהוָ֔ה שִׁמֻּרִ֛ים לְ\u2060כָל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְ\u2060דֹרֹתָֽ\u2060ם', '1', 'all the Israelites throughout their people’s generations', 'You could combine **for all the sons of Israel to observe for Yahweh throughout their generations** into one noun phrase as subject. Alternate translation: “for all the sons of Israel throughout their generations to observe for Yahweh”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '43', 'zwac', 'figs-quotemarks', 'וְ\u2060אַהֲרֹ֔ן', '1', '', 'After this phrase, a direct quote begins that continues until the end of [12:49](../12/49.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '44', 'n9wn', '', 'וְ\u2060כָל־עֶ֥בֶד אִ֖ישׁ', '1', 'every Israelite’s slave', '“But any slave of an Israelite”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '44', 'qabi', 'grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical', 'וּ\u2060מַלְתָּ֣ה אֹת֔\u2060וֹ אָ֖ז', '1', '', 'This is a hypothetical situation. You will need to use whatever form your language uses to mark something as potentially true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '44', 'jqs8', 'figs-yousingular', 'וּ\u2060מַלְתָּ֣ה', '1', '', 'Here **you** is singular. It refers to a specific man and his slave. It might make more sense to use the third person here. Alternate translation: “if he circumcised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '46', 'j242', 'figs-activepassive', 'בְּ\u2060בַ֤יִת אֶחָד֙ יֵאָכֵ֔ל', '1', 'The food must be eaten in one house', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must eat it in one house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '46', 'iovj', 'figs-youcrowd', 'לֹא־תוֹצִ֧יא', '1', '', 'Here, **you** is singular, however it is used to address a crowd, so you may need to translate it using a plural form if your languages uses one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '48', 'j7ob', 'grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical', 'וְ\u2060כִֽי־יָג֨וּר אִתְּ\u2060ךָ֜ גֵּ֗ר וְ\u2060עָ֣שָׂה פֶסַח֮ לַ\u2060יהוָה֒', '1', '', 'This is a two-part hypothetical situation. It describes the circumstance and desire of the sojourner, the next portion says what he must do. You will need to use whatever form your language uses to mark something as potentially true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '48', 'va2p', 'figs-youcrowd', 'אִתְּ\u2060ךָ֜', '1', '', 'Here, **you** is singular, however it is used to address a crowd, so you may need to translate it using a plural form if your languages uses one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '48', 'h7k9', 'figs-activepassive', 'הִמּ֧וֹל ל֣\u2060וֹ כָל־זָכָ֗ר', '1', 'all his male relatives must be circumcised', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone must circumcise all males in his household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '48', 'n3fz', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'הִמּ֧וֹל ל֣\u2060וֹ כָל־זָכָ֗ר וְ\u2060אָז֙ יִקְרַ֣ב לַ\u2060עֲשֹׂת֔\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'The sojourner will be circumcised in order to **draw near to keep** the Passover. Some languages may need to place the purpose clause first. Alternate translation: “in order draw near to keep it all his males must be circumcised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '48', 'hi4z', 'figs-metonymy', 'כְּ\u2060אֶזְרַ֣ח הָ\u2060אָ֑רֶץ', '1', 'the people who were born in the land', 'Here, **land** refers to Canaan—which is the land that the Israelites will soon live in. The expression **a native of the land** means a person who is a native Israelite. Alternate translation: “those who are Israelites by birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '48', 'f9ti', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'וְ\u2060כָל־עָרֵ֖ל לֹֽא־יֹ֥אכַל בּֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'no uncircumcised person may eat', 'This can be stated in positive terms. Alternate translation: “And only a circumcised person may eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '51', 'e3z3', '', 'וַ\u2060יְהִ֕י בְּ\u2060עֶ֖צֶם הַ\u2060יּ֣וֹם הַ\u2060זֶּ֑ה', '1', 'It came about', 'This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '12', '51', 'tyj3', 'translate-unknown', 'צִבְאֹתָֽ\u2060ם', '1', 'by their armed groups', 'The term **hosts** refers to a large group of people often organized into groups for war. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:26](../06/26.md). Alternate translation: “your groups” or “your divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', 'intro', 'g9qi', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 13 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
1. Instruction v. 1-2: First mention of setting apart the firstborn v. 3-10: Reiteration of the Passover instructions from [12:14-20](../12/14.md) and [24-27](../12/24.md), with a focus on telling to Yahweh’s deeds to the future generations of Israelites v. 11-13: More details on setting apart the firstborn v. 14-16: Reiteration of purpose: telling to future generations
2. Narrative v. 17-22: Some details of the exodus
## Special concepts in this chapter
* There are several concepts that will be important to understand and translate with care (some have already been encountered in Exodus). They are: set apart, sign, symbol, redemption, and sacrifice.
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
* There are a number of names of people groups and places in this chapter. However, many have been translated in earlier passages.
* Transporting the bones of Joseph may be an unknown concept in some places.
* It may take some time to decide on a good translation for the pillars of fire and cloud that lead the Israelites.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '2', 'de3u', 'figs-quotemarks', 'קַדֶּשׁ־לִ֨\u2060י כָל־בְּכ֜וֹר פֶּ֤טֶר כָּל־רֶ֨חֶם֙ בִּ\u2060בְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בָּ\u2060אָדָ֖ם וּ\u2060בַ\u2060בְּהֵמָ֑ה לִ֖\u2060י הֽוּא', '1', 'Set apart to me…every firstborn male', 'This entire verse is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '3', 'e0n1', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אֶל־הָ\u2060עָ֗ם', '1', '', 'After this phrase, a direct quote begins that continues until the end of [verse 16](../13/16.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '3', 'en1s', 'figs-metaphor', 'מִ\u2060בֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֔ים', '1', 'the house of slavery', 'Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '3', 'yjy5', 'figs-metonymy', 'בְּ\u2060חֹ֣זֶק יָ֔ד', '1', 'Yahweh’s strong hand', 'Here, **hand** refers to power. See how you translated “strong hand” in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '3', 'c6ee', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵ֖ל חָמֵֽץ', '1', 'No bread with yeast may be eaten', 'This can be stated in active form, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '4', 'y1f3', 'translate-hebrewmonths', 'הָ\u2060אָבִֽיב', '1', 'the month of Aviv', 'This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '4', 'atab', 'translate-names', 'הָ\u2060אָבִֽיב', '1', '', '**Aviv** is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '5', 'x89s', '', 'וְ\u2060הָיָ֣ה כִֽי־יְבִֽיאֲ\u2060ךָ֣ יְהוָ֡ה אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ…וְ\u2060עָבַדְתָּ֛ אֶת־הָ\u2060עֲבֹדָ֥ה הַ\u2060זֹּ֖את בַּ\u2060חֹ֥דֶשׁ הַ\u2060זֶּֽה', '1', 'you must observe this act of worship', 'When the Israelites live in Canaan, they must celebrate the Passover on this day each year. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:25](../12/25.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '5', 'u37l', 'figs-metaphor', 'לַ\u2060אֲבֹתֶ֨י\u2060ךָ֙', '1', '', 'Here, **fathers** figuratively means “ancestors.” Alternate translation: “to your ancestors” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '5', 'ueej', '', 'אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ\u2060דְבָ֑שׁ', '1', '', 'The same description occurs in [Exodus 3:8](../03/08.md). See how you translated it there and in the several notes for it.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '6', 'vwy9', 'translate-numbers', 'שִׁבְעַ֥ת', '1', 'For seven days', '“7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '6', 'mde6', 'translate-ordinal', 'הַ\u2060שְּׁבִיעִ֔י', '1', '', '“7th” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '7', 'n41m', 'figs-activepassive', 'מַצּוֹת֙ יֵֽאָכֵ֔ל', '1', 'Bread without yeast must be eaten', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must eat unleavened bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '7', 'zm8p', 'translate-numbers', 'שִׁבְעַ֣ת', '1', '', '“7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '7', 'le33', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060לֹֽא־יֵרָאֶ֨ה לְ\u2060ךָ֜ חָמֵ֗ץ', '1', 'no bread with yeast may be seen among you', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you may not have any bread with yeast among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '7', 'c9kr', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060לֹֽא־יֵרָאֶ֥ה לְ\u2060ךָ֛ שְׂאֹ֖ר', '1', 'No yeast may be seen with you', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You may not have any yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '7', 'dmv1', '', 'בְּ\u2060כָל־גְּבֻלֶֽ\u2060ךָ', '1', 'within any of your borders', '“inside any of the borders of your land”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '8', 'qum9', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'בַּ\u2060יּ֥וֹם הַ\u2060ה֖וּא לֵ\u2060אמֹ֑ר בַּ\u2060עֲב֣וּר זֶ֗ה עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לִ֔\u2060י בְּ\u2060צֵאתִ֖\u2060י מִ\u2060מִּצְרָֽיִם', '1', 'On that day you are to say to your children, ‘This is because of what Yahweh did for me when I came out of Egypt.’', 'The quotation can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “on that day that this is because of what Yahweh did for you when you came out of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '9', 'p21h', 'figs-parallelism', 'וְ\u2060הָיָה֩ לְ\u2060ךָ֨ לְ\u2060א֜וֹת עַל־יָדְ\u2060ךָ֗ וּ\u2060לְ\u2060זִכָּרוֹן֙ בֵּ֣ין עֵינֶ֔י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'This will be a reminder for you on your hand, and a reminder on your forehead', 'These are two different types of physical reminders so people will not forget something important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '9', 's7zg', 'figs-metaphor', 'לְ\u2060ךָ֨ לְ\u2060א֜וֹת עַל־יָדְ\u2060ךָ֗', '1', 'a reminder for you on your hand', 'Moses speaks of celebrating the festival as if it were an object one could tie around their hands to remind them of what Yahweh had done. Alternate translation: “like something you tie around your hand as a reminder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '9', 'mru4', 'figs-metaphor', 'וּ\u2060לְ\u2060זִכָּרוֹן֙ בֵּ֣ין עֵינֶ֔י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'a reminder on your forehead', 'Moses speaks of celebrating the festival as if it were an object one could tie on their foreheads to remind them of what Yahweh had done. Alternate translation: “and like something you tie around your head as a reminder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '9', 'b6ny', 'figs-metonymy', 'לְמַ֗עַן תִּהְיֶ֛ה תּוֹרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה בְּ\u2060פִ֑י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'so the law of Yahweh may be in your mouth', 'Here, **in your mouth** refers to the words that they speak. Alternate translation: “so you may always be speaking of the law of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '9', 'w5rm', 'figs-metonymy', 'בְּ\u2060יָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֔ה', '1', 'strong hand', 'Here, **hand** refers to power. See how you translated “strong hand” in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '10', 'rxel', 'figs-merism', 'מִ\u2060יָּמִ֖ים יָמִֽימָ\u2060ה', '1', '', '“for all time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '11', 'e886', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060לַֽ\u2060אֲבֹתֶ֑י\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'Here, **fathers** figuratively means “ancestors.” Alternate translation: “to your ancestors” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '11', 'iqh5', '', 'וּ\u2060נְתָנָ֖\u2060הּ לָֽ\u2060ךְ', '1', 'when he gives the land to you', '“when he gives the land of the Canaanites to you”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '12', 'mqgs', '', 'וְ\u2060הַעֲבַרְתָּ֥', '1', '', 'This is a deliberate word-play with [Exodus 12:12](../12/12.md) and [Exodus 12:23](../12/23.md) because these memorial sacrifices are to be reminders of what happened at the first Passover. It would be good to make a similar word-play in your translation, if possible, but following the meaning as in the UST is fine.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '13', 'lwv5', 'figs-explicit', 'בְ\u2060שֶׂ֔ה…וַ\u2060עֲרַפְתּ֑\u2060וֹ', '1', 'Every firstborn of a donkey', 'You may need to make explicit that either the **lamb** or **donkey** must be killed, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '13', 'ew26', '', 'לֹ֥א תִפְדֶּ֖ה', '1', '', '“you do not ransom the donkey”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '14', 's8cm', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'כִּֽי־יִשְׁאָלְ\u2060ךָ֥ בִנְ\u2060ךָ֛ מָחָ֖ר לֵ\u2060אמֹ֣ר מַה־זֹּ֑את וְ\u2060אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֔י\u2060ו', '1', 'When your son asks you later, ‘What does this mean?’ then you are to tell him', 'The first quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “when your son asks you later what this means, then you are to tell him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '14', 'qr7q', 'figs-metonymy', 'בְּ\u2060חֹ֣זֶק יָ֗ד', '1', 'strong hand', 'Here, **hand** represents God’s actions or works. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). Alternate translation: “With his powerful works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '14', 'rcz7', 'figs-metaphor', 'מִ\u2060בֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִֽים', '1', 'the house of slavery', 'Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:3](../13/03.md). Alternate translation: “from the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '15', 'fgvg', 'figs-metaphor', 'כִּֽי־הִקְשָׁ֣ה פַרְעֹה֮ לְ\u2060שַׁלְּחֵ\u2060נוּ֒', '1', '', 'This means he was stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if he were hard. Alternate translation: “that when Pharaoh resisted letting us go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '15', 'atxz', 'figs-merism', 'מִ\u2060בְּכֹ֥ר אָדָ֖ם וְ\u2060עַד־בְּכ֣וֹר בְּהֵמָ֑ה', '1', '', 'This is a figure of speech used to emphasize the extent of the plague. Alternate translation: “whether he was a person or an animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '16', 'bse4', 'figs-parallelism', 'וְ\u2060הָיָ֤ה לְ\u2060אוֹת֙ עַל־יָ֣דְ\u2060כָ֔ה וּ\u2060לְ\u2060טוֹטָפֹ֖ת בֵּ֣ין עֵינֶ֑י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'become a reminder on your hands, and a reminder on your forehead', 'This expresses two ways to remember the importance of the passover event. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 13:9](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '16', 'xfag', 'figs-metonymy', 'בְּ\u2060חֹ֣זֶק יָ֔ד', '1', '', 'Here, **hand** represents God’s actions or works. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). Alternate translation: “with his powerful works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '17', 'cv8n', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יְהִ֗י', '1', '', 'This marks the transition from instruction to narrative. You should mark the resumption of the narrative in a natural way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '17', 'pum6', 'grammar-connect-condition-contrary', 'וְ\u2060לֹא־נָחָ֣\u2060ם אֱלֹהִ֗ים דֶּ֚רֶךְ אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים כִּ֥י קָר֖וֹב ה֑וּא', '1', '', 'The route on which God took the Israelites was not the expected route. In some languages you may need to put the portion that describes the expectation first. Alternate translation: “although it was nearby, God did not lead them by way of the land of the Philistines.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '17', 'upop', 'grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical', 'פֶּֽן־יִנָּחֵ֥ם הָ\u2060עָ֛ם בִּ\u2060רְאֹתָ֥\u2060ם מִלְחָמָ֖ה וְ\u2060שָׁ֥בוּ מִצְרָֽיְמָ\u2060ה', '1', '', 'In some languages you may need to put the reason before the hypothetical result. Alternate translation: “When they see war, they may repent and return to Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '17', 'fjvz', '', 'יִנָּחֵ֥ם', '1', '', '“turn back”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '18', 'c4tw', '', 'וַ\u2060חֲמֻשִׁ֛ים', '1', '', 'The meaning of this term (**by fives**) is uncertain. Many English translations opt for something like “prepared for battle” because this seems to be the meaning in Numbers 32:17 and the related verses in Joshua 1:14 and 4:12. Because of what the previous verse said about war, it may mean that they went out in formation—like an army would march—but perhaps not armed. Alternate translation: “And … in formation like an army”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '19', 'cxyk', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּקַּ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־עַצְמ֥וֹת יוֹסֵ֖ף עִמּ֑\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'See Joshua 24:32 regarding the burial of Jospeh’s bones.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '19', 'dnlp', '', 'פָּקֹ֨ד יִפְקֹ֤ד אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶתְ\u2060כֶ֔ם וְ\u2060הַעֲלִיתֶ֧ם אֶת־עַצְמֹתַ֛\u2060י מִ\u2060זֶּ֖ה אִתְּ\u2060כֶֽם', '1', '', 'This is an almost exact quote of what Joseph said in Genesis 50:25; reference your translation there when translating this.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '20', 'qob9', '', 'מִ\u2060סֻּכֹּ֑ת וַ\u2060יַּחֲנ֣וּ בְ\u2060אֵתָ֔ם', '1', '', '“from a place named Succoth and they camped at a place named Etham”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '20', 'xq5d', 'translate-names', 'בְ\u2060אֵתָ֔ם', '1', 'camped at Etham', 'Etham was possibly located south of the route heading towards the Philistines, at the border of the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '21', 'yi2p', 'figs-metonymy', 'וַֽ\u2060יהוָ֡ה הֹלֵךְ֩ לִ\u2060פְנֵי\u2060הֶ֨ם', '1', '', 'Here, **before their faces** means “in front of the people.” Alternate translation: “And Yahweh led them by going in front of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '21', 'jnv8', '', 'בְּ\u2060עַמּ֤וּד עָנָן֙…בְּ\u2060עַמּ֥וּד אֵ֖שׁ', '1', 'pillar of cloud…pillar of fire', '“in a cloud in the shape of a column … in a fire in the shape of a column”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '21', 'nr02', '', 'לְ\u2060הָאִ֣יר לָ\u2060הֶ֑ם', '1', '', '“to be light for them”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '21', 'i7yl', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'אֵ֖שׁ לְ\u2060הָאִ֣יר לָ\u2060הֶ֑ם לָ\u2060לֶ֖כֶת יוֹמָ֥ם וָ\u2060לָֽיְלָה', '1', '', 'They could travel by either day or night because God provided light at night. You could reorder the cause and effect if that is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “fire. They could go by day or by night because he was light to them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '22', 'iiuj', '', 'עַמּ֤וּד הֶֽ\u2060עָנָן֙ יוֹמָ֔ם וְ\u2060עַמּ֥וּד הָ\u2060אֵ֖שׁ לָ֑יְלָה', '1', '', '“the pillar of cloud by day or the pillar of fire by night”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '13', '22', 'qxks', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֖י הָ\u2060עָֽם', '1', '', 'Here, **from the face of the people** means “from in front of the people” where they could see it. Alternate translation: “from where they could see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', 'intro', 'jq4u', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 14 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter contains an important event in the history of Israel known as the “parting of the sea of reeds (Red Sea).”
Throughout this chapter and chapter 15, the word “sea” is used. The context shows that this is the sea of reeds (Red Sea). Since the text does not explicitly say that though, the ULT will only say “sea.” In your translation, it may help people to be more specific than the text, if just using “sea” is confusing.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Pharaoh’s hard heart
Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.
### Pharaoh’s chariots
These chariots were a fighting force. Pharaoh took an army to kill the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical Questions
The Israelites asked a few rhetorical questions of Moses. These questions were not really directed at Moses, but at Yahweh. This showed their lack of faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '2', 'b5qq', 'figs-quotemarks', 'דַּבֵּר֮', '1', '', 'This verse begins a direct quote which continues into [verse 4](../13/04.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '2', 'mb4e', 'translate-names', 'פִּ֣י הַחִירֹ֔ת…מִגְדֹּ֖ל…בַּ֣עַל צְפֹ֔ן', '1', 'Pi Hahiroth…Migdol…Baal Zephon', 'These are locations on Egypt’s eastern border. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '2', 'ue2o', 'figs-quotations', 'בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְ\u2060יָשֻׁ֗בוּ וְ\u2060יַחֲנוּ֙ לִ\u2060פְנֵי֙ פִּ֣י הַחִירֹ֔ת בֵּ֥ין מִגְדֹּ֖ל וּ\u2060בֵ֣ין הַ\u2060יָּ֑ם לִ\u2060פְנֵי֙ בַּ֣עַל צְפֹ֔ן', '1', '', 'The portion after **that** could be translated as a direct quotation. That would make a second-level direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “the sons of Israel, ‘Turn and camp before the face of Pi Hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, before the face of Baal Zephon.’ ”
(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '2', 'c9r8', 'figs-youdual', 'תַחֲנ֖וּ', '1', 'You are to camp', 'Here, **you** is plural and refers to Moses and the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '3', 'c81b', 'figs-quotations', 'וְ\u2060אָמַ֤ר פַּרְעֹה֙ לִ\u2060בְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נְבֻכִ֥ים הֵ֖ם בָּ\u2060אָ֑רֶץ סָגַ֥ר עֲלֵי\u2060הֶ֖ם הַ\u2060מִּדְבָּֽר', '1', 'Pharaoh will say about the Israelites, ‘They are wandering in the land. The wilderness has closed in on them.’', 'This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh will say that the Israelites are confused in the land and the wilderness has closed in on them”
(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '3', 'tz6j', 'figs-personification', 'סָגַ֥ר עֲלֵי\u2060הֶ֖ם הַ\u2060מִּדְבָּֽר', '1', 'The wilderness has closed in on them', 'Pharaoh speaks of **the wilderness** as a person who has trapped the Israelites. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “It is as if the wilderness is closing in on them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '4', 'dv62', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060חִזַּקְתִּ֣י אֶת־לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֮', '1', 'I will harden Pharaoh’s heart', 'This means God will make him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart were strong. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in [4:21](../04/21.md). Alternate translation: “But I will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '4', 'tw2m', '', 'וְ\u2060רָדַ֣ף אַחֲרֵי\u2060הֶם֒', '1', 'he will pursue them', '“and Pharaoh will pursue the Israelites”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '4', 'd5x1', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060אִכָּבְדָ֤ה', '1', 'I will get honor', 'If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “And people will glorify me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '4', 'a7m2', 'figs-ellipsis', 'וְ\u2060אִכָּבְדָ֤ה בְּ\u2060פַרְעֹה֙ וּ\u2060בְ\u2060כָל־חֵיל֔\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “And I will be glorified because of what I do to Pharaoh and to all his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '4', 'dms1', 'figs-explicit', 'וַ\u2060יַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵֽן', '1', 'So the Israelites camped as they were instructed', 'This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “So the Israelites turned and camped as Yahweh had instructed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '5', 't4cn', 'figs-activepassive', 'וַ\u2060יֻּגַּד֙ לְ\u2060מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם', '1', 'When the king of Egypt was told', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then someone told the king of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '5', 'it5s', '', 'בָרַ֖ח', '1', 'had fled', '“had run away”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '5', 'k67b', 'figs-metonymy', 'וַ֠\u2060יֵּהָפֵךְ לְבַ֨ב פַּרְעֹ֤ה וַ\u2060עֲבָדָי\u2060ו֙ אֶל־הָ\u2060עָ֔ם', '1', 'the minds of Pharaoh and his servants turned against the people', 'Here, **heart** refers to their attitudes towards the Israelites. Alternate translation: “and Pharaoh and his servants changed their attitude about the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '5', 'go8u', 'figs-activepassive', 'וַ֠\u2060יֵּהָפֵךְ לְבַ֨ב פַּרְעֹ֤ה וַ\u2060עֲבָדָי\u2060ו֙ אֶל־הָ\u2060עָ֔ם', '1', '', 'If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “and Pharaoh and his servants turned their hearts to the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '5', 'wljw', '', 'אֶל־הָ\u2060עָ֔ם', '1', '', '“against the Israelites”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '5', 'v236', 'figs-rquestion', 'מַה־זֹּ֣את עָשִׂ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־שִׁלַּ֥חְנוּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵ\u2060עָבְדֵֽ\u2060נוּ', '1', 'What have we done? We have released Israel from serving us.', 'They asked this question to show they thought they had done a foolish thing. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We should not have let the Israelites go free from working for us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '5', 'kw4x', 'figs-quotemarks', 'מַה־זֹּ֣את עָשִׂ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־שִׁלַּ֥חְנוּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵ\u2060עָבְדֵֽ\u2060נוּ', '1', '', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '5', 'dnj3', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל', '1', '', 'This is a collective singular noun. If your language would not refer to a group of people in this way, you may need to translate it as plural. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '7', 'ry11', 'translate-numbers', 'וַ\u2060יִּקַּ֗ח שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת רֶ֨כֶב֙ בָּח֔וּר', '1', 'He took six hundred chosen chariots', '“He took 600 of his best chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '7', 'g2d9', '', 'וְ\u2060שָׁלִשִׁ֖ם', '1', '', 'The precise meaning of this term is not known. Alternate translations: “and officers” or “and shield-bearers” or “and three men”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '8', 'a1r1', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060יְחַזֵּ֣ק יְהֹוָ֗ה אֶת־לֵ֤ב פַּרְעֹה֙', '1', 'Yahweh hardened the heart of Pharaoh', 'This means God made him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart were strong. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in [4:21](../04/21.md). Alternate translation: “And Yahweh caused Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '8', 'doa5', '', 'בְּ\u2060יָ֥ד רָמָֽה', '1', '', '“boldly” or “defiantly”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '9', 'x9x0', '', 'כָּל־סוּס֙ רֶ֣כֶב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וּ\u2060פָרָשָׁ֖י\u2060ו וְ\u2060חֵיל֑\u2060וֹ', '1', '', 'It is unclear exactly what the groupings here are. **Horses of the chariots** (probably meaning “horse-drawn chariots”) and **horsemen** could be two groups or two references to the same group. **Army** could mean another group, perhaps on foot (see [15:19](../15/19.md)), or it could be a summary grouping. Furthermore, most translations render **horses of the chariots** as “horses and chariots,” suggesting four total groups (possibly because of [v. 23](../14/23.md)). Alternate translation: “all the horse-drawn chariots of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his foot soldiers”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '9', 'q0jo', 'writing-pronouns', 'אוֹתָ\u2060ם֙', '1', '', '“the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '9', 'sb7x', 'translate-names', 'פִּי֙ הַֽחִירֹ֔ת…בַּ֥עַל צְפֹֽן', '1', 'Pi Hahiroth…Baal Zephon', 'These are places on Egypt’s eastern border. See how you translated them in [Exodus 14:2](../14/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '10', 's1xa', 'figs-synecdoche', 'וּ\u2060פַרְעֹ֖ה הִקְרִ֑יב', '1', 'When Pharaoh came close', 'Here, **Pharaoh** represents the entire Egyptian army. Alternate translation: “Then Pharaoh and his army approached” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '10', 'vyp9', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּשְׂאוּ֩ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל אֶת־עֵינֵי\u2060הֶ֜ם', '1', '', '“and the sons of Israel looked up” or “and the sons of Israel looked back”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '10', 'qcy1', '', 'וְ\u2060הִנֵּ֥ה', '1', 'they were terrified', '**Behold** is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. Use a word, phrase, or structure in your language that indicates that the next information is very surprising.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '11', 'vzw5', 'figs-rquestion', 'הַֽ\u2060מִ\u2060בְּלִ֤י אֵין־קְבָרִים֙ בְּ\u2060מִצְרַ֔יִם לְקַחְתָּ֖\u2060נוּ לָ\u2060מ֣וּת בַּ\u2060מִּדְבָּ֑ר', '1', 'Is it because there were no graves in Egypt, that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness?', 'The Israelites ask this question to express their frustration and fear of dying. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There were plenty of graveyards in Egypt for us to be buried in. You did not have to take us into the wilderness to die!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '11', 'x4n2', 'figs-rquestion', 'מַה־זֹּאת֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֔\u2060נוּ לְ\u2060הוֹצִיאָ֖\u2060נוּ מִ\u2060מִּצְרָֽיִם', '1', 'Why have you treated us like this, bringing us out of Egypt?', 'The Israelites ask this question to rebuke Moses for bringing them to the desert to die. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have treated us like this by bringing us out of Egypt!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '12', 'itb2', 'figs-rquestion', 'הֲ\u2060לֹא־זֶ֣ה הַ\u2060דָּבָ֗ר אֲשֶׁר֩ דִּבַּ֨רְנוּ אֵלֶ֤י\u2060ךָ בְ\u2060מִצְרַ֨יִם֙', '1', 'Is this not what we told you in Egypt?', 'The Israelites ask this question to emphasize that this is what they had told Moses. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is exactly what we told you while we were in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '12', 'ix25', 'figs-quotations', 'בְ\u2060מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ לֵ\u2060אמֹ֔ר חֲדַ֥ל מִמֶּ֖\u2060נּוּ וְ\u2060נַֽעַבְדָ֣ה אֶת־מִצְרָ֑יִם', '1', 'We said to you, ‘Leave us alone, so we can work for the Egyptians.’', 'The portion following **saying** can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “in Egypt? We told you to leave us alone so we could work for the Egyptians.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '13', 'phy1', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'וּ\u2060רְאוּ֙ אֶת־יְשׁוּעַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה לָ\u2060כֶ֖ם הַ\u2060יּ֑וֹם', '1', '', 'If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **salvation** with a verb. Alternate translation: “and see that Yahweh will save you, he will do that for you today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '13', 'l615', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אֶל־הָ\u2060עָם֮', '1', '', 'After this phrase, a direct quote begins that continues until the end of [verse 14](../14/14.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '13', 'rrd4', '', 'לֹ֥א תֹסִ֛יפוּ לִ\u2060רְאֹתָ֥\u2060ם ע֖וֹד עַד־עוֹלָֽם', '1', 'provide for you', 'This statement is very extended for emphasis on its certainty. Alternate translation: “you will not see them again forever”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '14', 'vcdc', 'figs-rpronouns', 'יְהוָ֖ה יִלָּחֵ֣ם', '1', '', 'The form **Yahweh himself** is reflexive, emphasizing what Yahweh will do in contrast to what the Israelites will do. Alternate translation: “As for Yahweh, he will fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '14', 'hx1f', '', 'תַּחֲרִישֽׁוּ\u2060ן', '1', '', 'Here, **silent** could mean “still.” The Israelites’ lack of action is in contrast to Yahweh’s fighting. It is not a total lack of motion or sound. Alternate translation: “you will not fight”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '15', 'zsgk', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה', '1', 'Why are you, Moses, continuing to call out to me?', 'After this phrase, a direct quote begins that continues until the end of [verse 18](../14/18.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '15', 'a727', 'figs-rquestion', 'מַה־תִּצְעַ֖ק אֵלָ֑\u2060י', '1', 'Why are you, Moses, continuing to call out to me?', 'Moses apparently had been praying to God for help, so God uses this question to compel Moses to act. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not call out to me any longer, Moses.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '16', 'stla', '', 'הָרֵ֣ם אֶֽת־מַטְּ\u2060ךָ֗ וּ\u2060נְטֵ֧ה אֶת־יָדְ\u2060ךָ֛', '1', 'divide it in two', 'See note in the [introduction to chapter 8](../08/intro.md) regarding **hand** and **staff**.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '16', 't3e4', '', 'וּ\u2060בְקָעֵ֑\u2060הוּ', '1', 'divide it in two', '“and divide the sea into two parts”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '17', 'z5ub', '', 'וַ\u2060אֲנִ֗י הִנְ\u2060נִ֤י', '1', 'Be aware', '**Behold** is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. In this case Yahweh is drawing attention to his next actions. Alternate translation: “Look at what I will do”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '17', 'qd3l', 'figs-metaphor', 'מְחַזֵּק֙ אֶת־לֵ֣ב מִצְרַ֔יִם', '1', 'I will harden the Egyptians’ hearts', 'This means God will make them stubborn. Their stubborn attitude is spoken of as if their hearts were strong. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in [4:21](../04/21.md). Alternate translation: “I will cause the Egyptians to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '17', 'asz9', '', 'וְ\u2060יָבֹ֖אוּ אַחֲרֵי\u2060הֶ֑ם', '1', 'so they will go after them', '“so that the Egyptians will go into the sea after the Israelites”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '17', 'hjyh', 'figs-ellipsis', 'וְ\u2060אִכָּבְדָ֤ה בְּ\u2060פַרְעֹה֙ וּ\u2060בְ\u2060כָל־חֵיל֔\u2060וֹ בְּ\u2060רִכְבּ֖\u2060וֹ וּ\u2060בְ\u2060פָרָשָֽׁי\u2060ו', '1', 'so they will go after them', 'Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. See how you translated a similar phrase in [verse 4](../14/04.md) Alternate translation: “And I will be glorified because of what I do to Pharaoh, all his army, his chariots, and his horsemen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '17', 'asfq', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060אִכָּבְדָ֤ה', '1', 'so they will go after them', 'If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “And people will glorify me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '18', 'ytnm', 'figs-activepassive', 'בְּ\u2060הִכָּבְדִ֣\u2060י', '1', 'so they will go after them', 'If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “when I cause people to glorify me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '18', 'cji1', 'figs-ellipsis', 'בְּ\u2060הִכָּבְדִ֣\u2060י בְּ\u2060פַרְעֹ֔ה בְּ\u2060רִכְבּ֖\u2060וֹ וּ\u2060בְ\u2060פָרָשָֽׁי\u2060ו', '1', 'so they will go after them', 'Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. See how you translated a similar phrase in [verse 4](../14/04.md) Alternate translation: “when I get glory because of what I do to Pharaoh, his chariots, and his horsemen” or “when I show my glory by what I do to Pharaoh, his chariots, and his horsemen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '19', 'hsih', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵי֙ מַחֲנֵ֣ה…מִ\u2060פְּנֵי\u2060הֶ֔ם', '1', 'so they will go after them', 'Here, **face** means “front.” Alternate translation: “in front of the camp of … from in front of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '19', 'ysv9', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל', '1', 'so they will go after them', 'This is a collective singular noun. If your language would not refer to a group of people in this way, you may need to translate it as plural. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '20', 'jyz2', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל', '1', 'so one side did not come near the other', 'This is a collective singular noun. If your language would not refer to a group of people in this way, you may need to translate it as plural. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '20', 'c4u5', '', 'וַ\u2060יְהִ֤י הֶֽ\u2060עָנָן֙ וְ\u2060הַ\u2060חֹ֔שֶׁךְ וַ\u2060יָּ֖אֶר אֶת־הַ\u2060לָּ֑יְלָה', '1', 'so one side did not come near the other', '“and the cloud became dark and light all night”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '21', 'qbzp', '', 'וַ\u2060יֵּ֨ט מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶת־יָד\u2060וֹ֮ עַל־הַ\u2060יָּם֒', '1', 'east wind', 'See note in the [introduction to chapter 8](../08/intro.md) regarding the hand and staff.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '21', 'dfx5', '', 'בְּ\u2060ר֨וּחַ קָדִ֤ים', '1', 'east wind', 'An **east wind** originates in the east and blows towards the west.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '21', 'f9zh', 'figs-activepassive', 'וַ\u2060יִּבָּקְע֖וּ הַ\u2060מָּֽיִם', '1', 'the waters were divided', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh divided the waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '24', 'iz9t', 'translate-unknown', 'בְּ\u2060אַשְׁמֹ֣רֶת הַ\u2060בֹּ֔קֶר', '1', 'He caused panic among the Egyptians', 'This is the last third of the night. It is approximately the three hours before sunrise. Alternate translation: “very early in the morning” or “in the time before the sun rises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '24', 'zyp4', '', 'מַחֲנֵ֣ה מִצְרַ֔יִם…מַחֲנֵ֥ה מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', 'He caused panic among the Egyptians', '“the army of the Egyptians … the army of the Egyptians”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '25', 'qdp8', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אָנ֨וּסָה֙ מִ\u2060פְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה נִלְחָ֥ם לָ\u2060הֶ֖ם בְּ\u2060מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', 'Their chariot wheels were clogged', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '25', 'qzkw', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִ\u2060פְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל', '1', 'Their chariot wheels were clogged', 'Here, **the face of Israel** means the presence of Israel. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '26', 'dfg1', 'figs-quotemarks', 'נְטֵ֥ה אֶת־יָדְ\u2060ךָ֖ עַל־הַ\u2060יָּ֑ם וְ\u2060יָשֻׁ֤בוּ הַ\u2060מַּ֨יִם֙ עַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם עַל־רִכְבּ֖\u2060וֹ וְ\u2060עַל־פָּרָשָֽׁי\u2060ו', '1', 'Yahweh said to Moses, “Reach out with your hand…and their horsemen.”', 'This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '26', 'p5ds', 'figs-quotations', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה נְטֵ֥ה אֶת־יָדְ\u2060ךָ֖ עַל־הַ\u2060יָּ֑ם וְ\u2060יָשֻׁ֤בוּ הַ\u2060מַּ֨יִם֙ עַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם עַל־רִכְבּ֖\u2060וֹ וְ\u2060עַל־פָּרָשָֽׁי\u2060ו׃', '1', 'Yahweh said to Moses, “Reach out with your hand…and their horsemen.”', 'This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Yahweh told Moses to reach out with his hand over the sea so that the waters would come back onto the Egyptians, their chariots, and their horsemen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '26', 'pw8g', '', 'נְטֵ֥ה אֶת־יָדְ\u2060ךָ֖ עַל־הַ\u2060יָּ֑ם', '1', 'Yahweh said to Moses, “Reach out with your hand…and their horsemen.”', 'See note in the [introduction to chapter 8](../08/intro.md) regarding the hand and staff.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '26', 'd46y', 'writing-pronouns', 'עַל־רִכְבּ֖\u2060וֹ וְ\u2060עַל־פָּרָשָֽׁי\u2060ו', '1', 'Yahweh said to Moses, “Reach out with your hand…and their horsemen.”', 'Here, **his** refers to Pharaoh, king of Egypt. Alternate translation: “on Pharaoh’s chariots, and on Pharaoh’s horsemen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '27', 'wn3q', '', 'וַ\u2060יֵּט֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה אֶת־יָד֜\u2060וֹ עַל־הַ\u2060יָּ֗ם', '1', 'The Egyptians fled into the sea', 'See note in the [introduction to chapter 8](../08/intro.md) regarding the hand and staff.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '27', 'cosa', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנ֥וֹת בֹּ֨קֶר֙', '1', 'The Egyptians fled into the sea', 'Here, **before the face of** means “before the occurrence of.” Alternate translation: “before it was morning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '27', 'h64r', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060יְנַעֵ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מִצְרַ֖יִם בְּ\u2060ת֥וֹךְ הַ\u2060יָּֽם', '1', 'Yahweh drove the Egyptians', 'Here, Yahweh is pictured as acting towards the Egyptians as if they were dirt or dust on his clothing that he shakes to be rid of them. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh threw the Egyptians back into the middle of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '28', 'o9qo', 'figs-litotes', 'לֹֽא־נִשְׁאַ֥ר בָּ\u2060הֶ֖ם עַד־אֶחָֽד', '1', 'Yahweh drove the Egyptians', 'This negative statement is meant to strongly convey the idea that all the Egyptians were gone. Alternate translation: “Every one of them was gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '30', 'zvbe', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל', '1', 'out of the hand of the Egyptians', 'This is a collective singular noun. If your language would not refer to a group of people in this way, you may need to translate it as plural. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '30', 'e2lf', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִ\u2060יַּ֣ד מִצְרָ֑יִם', '1', 'out of the hand of the Egyptians', 'Here, **hand** refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the Egyptians’ power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '30', 'p5zw', '', 'עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַ\u2060יָּֽם', '1', 'on the seashore', '“on the land along the edge of the sea”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '31', 'o1oc', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל', '1', 'on the seashore', 'This is a collective singular noun. If your language would not refer to a group of people in this way, you may need to translate it as plural. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '14', '31', 'np6s', 'figs-metonymy', 'אֶת־הַ\u2060יָּ֣ד הַ\u2060גְּדֹלָ֗ה', '1', 'on the seashore', 'Here, **hand** refers to power. Alternate translation: “the great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', 'intro', 'ni4b', '', '', '0', '', "# Exodus 15 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Verses 1b-18 and 21b of chapter 15 verses are poetry. They are a song of praise to Yahweh because he defeated and destroyed the Egyptian army ([Exodus 14:26-28](../14/26.md).). Translating poetry should be done by someone who is a skilled poet in the target language. Because the forms of poetry are so different in different languages, a translation that is good poetry in the target language may seem very different from the original poem. The structure may look quite different. The poet will be well served by looking at the entire poem from multiple perspectives. He will need to know the meaning of the poem, the themes and discourse structure of the poem, and the feelings that the poem is supposed to create in the reader at each point (UST, tNotes). He will need to understand how that was accomplished by the original form and structure (ULT). Then he will need to compose the translated poem using forms and structures that have the same or similar meaning, themes, discourse elements, and feelings.
### Structure
This song follows a basic AB structure which is given to us in verse 1b-c and 21b-c:
* A - praise to Yahweh - he is magnificent (expressed in various words)
* B - because he defeats our enemies
The song can be divided into three major sections, each of which is patterned as: AB(a)b. Each section starts with an AB portion which is characterized by fewer verbs (or participles, how to express) (especially the A portion). The section then elaborates on each. Note that there are other possible analyses of the structure of the poem.
Here is an outline of the structure according to this model:
* Section 1 (see alternate breakdown below):
* 1b: A “Let me sing to Yahweh, for he has triumphantly triumphed;”
* 1c: B “the horse and the one riding it he threw into the sea.”
* 2-3: a
* 4-5: b
* Section 2:
* 6a: A
* 6b: B
* 7a: a “And in the abundance of your majesty”
* 7a-10: b“you overthrow those who rise up against you…”
* Section 3:
* 11: A
* 12: B
* 13a: a (possibly) “In your covenant loyalty”
* 13a-17: b
* 18: finale
Alternate breakdown of section 1: it is possible to view 1b-c as the introduction and divide verse 2 such that:
* 2a: A “Yah is my strength and my song”
* 2b: B “and he has become my salvation”
* 2c-3: a
* 4-5: b
### Themes:
There are several images and themes that are throughout the song as well as some that are throughout an individual section.
* “High” versus “low”: Yahweh is high, while his enemies are low.
* The following words are all related to the idea of being high or rising up: **triumph** ([v1](../15/01.md)), **exalt** ([v2](../15/02.md)), **majestic** ([v6](../15/06.md), [v11](../15/11.md)), **majesty** ([v7](../15/07.md)), and **the mountain of** \\[Yahweh’s\\] **possession** ([v17](../15/17.md)). In the last case Yahweh’s people are brought to a high place with him.
* In contrast, his enemies are low. Note in [verse 7](../15/07.md), Yahweh overthrows those who **rise up against** \\[him\\]. Ideas of being low are as follows: **sank** ([v4](../15/04.md), [v10](../15/19.md)), **deeps** ([v5](../15/05.md)), **descended into the depths** ([v5](../15/05.md)), **melted away** ([v15](../15/15.md)), and **fall on them** ([v16](../15/16.md)).
* The strength of Yahweh in [verses 2](../15/02.md), [6](../15/06.md), and [13](../15/13.md).
* The effectiveness of Yahweh’s hand versus the enemy's hand. Yahweh’s hand (and arm) is effective in [verses 6](../15/06.md), [12](../15/12.md), [16](../15/16.md), and [17](../15/17.md) but the enemy’s hand is ineffective despite his boasting in [verse 9](../15/09.md).
* There is parallel imagery near the end of each section. The enemy is compared three times by simile to a heavy, inert object. In [verses 5](../15/05.md) and [16](../15/16.md) that is a **stone**, in [verse 10](../15/10.md) that is **lead**.
* More parallel imagery occurs at the end of sections one ([v5](../15/05.md)) and two ([v10](../15/10.md)): that of the enemy sinking in the water and being covered by it.
* In sections two and three the water ([v8](../15/08.md)) and the other peoples ([v16](../15/16.md)) are made still by Yahweh.
* Section two begins and ends with **majestic** ([v6](../15/06.md), [v10](../15/10.md)) and that word is picked up in the beginning of section three ([v11](../15/11.md)).
* In section two ([v9](../15/09.md)), the enemies seek to **dispossess** (or disinherit) the Israelites; in section three ([v16](../15/16.md)), the Israelites come to live in the land of Yahweh’s **possession** (or inheritance).
* In [verse 11](../15/11.md), three themes for the third section are introduced. These are each expanded on in that section.
* **Holiness** occurs again in [verses 13](../15/13.md) and [16](../15/16.md)
* **Fear** is vividly described in [verses 14-16](../15/14.md) (shake, terror, panic, trembling, melted away, dread)
* Yahweh **does miracles** to protect and build a home for his people
* [Verses 14](../15/14.md)-16a are a chiasm, a complex parallel structure where concepts are repeated in reverse order:
* A: 14a: peoples (nations) *become* afraid
* B: 14b: *inhabitants* of Philistia are afraid
* C: 15a: *rulers* of Edom are afraid
* C’: 15b: *rulers* of Moab are afraid
* B’: 15c: *inhabitants* of Canaan are afraid
* A’: 16a: people *become* afraid
* In section three, there is another parallel structure:
* [v13](../15/13.md): you led this people => [v16](../15/16.md): your people pass by
* v13: this people you redeemed => v16: this people you acquired (or purchased or ransomed)
* v13: you led them to the home => [v17](../15/17.md): you will bring them … \\[to\\] the place … you made
* v13: of your holiness => v17: the holy place
## Special concepts in this chapter
### The Israelite’s discontent
In [verse 24](../15/24.md) the word **murmur** is introduced for the first time. This is a very strong term for “grumble” or “complain” that is used to describe the Israelites’ attitude throughout their time in the wilderness. It occurs several times in Exodus and Numbers.
### Yahweh’s laws
In verses [24-26](../15/24.md), there is an introductory revelation of the requirement that Israel keep the covenant by obeying the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])"]
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '1', 'kw29', 'figs-explicit', 'גָאֹ֣ה גָּאָ֔ה', '1', 'he has triumphed gloriously', 'It can be stated explicitly over whom Yahweh triumphed. Alternate translation: “he has achieved a glorious victory over the army of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '1', 'bpyj', '', 'גָאֹ֣ה גָּאָ֔ה', '1', 'he has triumphed gloriously', '“he is highly exalted” or “he is extremely high” or “he is exaltedly exalted”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '1', 'f6ue', 'figs-metaphor', 'ס֥וּס וְ\u2060רֹכְב֖\u2060וֹ רָמָ֥ה בַ\u2060יָּֽם', '1', 'the horse and its rider he has thrown into the sea', 'Moses sang about God causing the sea to cover and drown the horse and rider as if God had thrown them into the sea. Alternate translation: “he has made the horse and rider drown in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '1', 'cr5u', 'figs-genericnoun', 'ס֥וּס וְ\u2060רֹכְב֖\u2060וֹ', '1', 'the horse and its rider', 'This refers to all or many of the Egyptian horses and riders that were chasing the Israelites. Alternate translation: “the horses and their riders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '1', 'ex3p', '', 'וְ\u2060רֹכְב֖\u2060וֹ', '1', 'rider', 'Here, **rider** could either refer to a person who sits on a horse or who travels in a chariot that a horse is pulling.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '2', 'pb23', 'figs-metonymy', 'עָזִּ֤\u2060י…יָ֔הּ', '1', 'Yahweh is my strength', 'Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh is the one who gives me strength” or (2) “Yahweh is the strong one who protects me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '2', 'vk6l', 'figs-metonymy', 'וְ\u2060זִמְרָת֙ יָ֔הּ', '1', 'song', 'Moses calls Yahweh his song because Yahweh is the one he sings about. Alternate translation: “the one I sing about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '2', 'kbv7', 'figs-metonymy', 'וַֽ\u2060יְהִי־לִ֖\u2060י לִֽ\u2060ישׁוּעָ֑ה', '1', 'he has become my salvation', 'Moses calls Yahweh his salvation because Yahweh saved him. Alternate translation: “he has saved me” or “he is the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '2', 'rgtu', 'figs-parallelism', 'זֶ֤ה אֵלִ\u2060י֙ וְ\u2060אַנְוֵ֔\u2060הוּ אֱלֹהֵ֥י אָבִ֖\u2060י וַ\u2060אֲרֹמְמֶֽ\u2060נְהוּ', '1', 'he has become my salvation', 'These lines are expressing very similar ideas for emphasis. If that is a normal way to make an emphatic (poetic) statement or if it would be understood in your language you can translate in a similar way. If, however, repetition like this would create a different meaning, find a structure in your language that would fit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '3', 'p1d5', 'figs-metaphor', 'יְהוָ֖ה אִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֑ה', '1', 'Yahweh is a warrior', 'Moses calls Yahweh a **man of war** because he powerfully fought against the Egyptians and won. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is like a warrior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '4', 'pc8d', 'figs-parallelism', 'מַרְכְּבֹ֥ת פַּרְעֹ֛ה וְ\u2060חֵיל֖\u2060וֹ יָרָ֣ה בַ\u2060יָּ֑ם וּ\u2060מִבְחַ֥ר שָֽׁלִשָׁ֖י\u2060ו טֻבְּע֥וּ בְ\u2060יַם־סֽוּף', '1', 'He has thrown Pharaoh’s chariots and army into the sea', 'These lines are synonymous parallels where the second strengthens what is said in the first. Alternate translation: “He threw all of Pharaoh’s army into the sea, including the chariots; even his chosen officers sank in the sea of reeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '4', 'p8w6', 'figs-metaphor', 'מַרְכְּבֹ֥ת פַּרְעֹ֛ה וְ\u2060חֵיל֖\u2060וֹ יָרָ֣ה בַ\u2060יָּ֑ם', '1', 'He has thrown Pharaoh’s chariots and army into the sea', 'Moses sings about Yahweh causing the sea to cover Pharaoh’s chariots and army as if Yahweh had thrown them into the sea. Alternate translation: “He has made Pharaoh’s chariot riders and army drown in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '5', 'yefe', 'figs-parallelism', 'תְּהֹמֹ֖ת יְכַסְיֻ֑\u2060מוּ יָרְד֥וּ בִ\u2060מְצוֹלֹ֖ת כְּמוֹ־אָֽבֶן׃', '1', 'they went down into the depths like a stone', 'These lines are synonymous parallels where the second clarifies what is said in the first. Alternate translation: “The deeps covered them; because they had descended into the depths like a stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '5', 'nqe4', 'figs-simile', 'יָרְד֥וּ בִ\u2060מְצוֹלֹ֖ת כְּמוֹ־אָֽבֶן', '1', 'they went down into the depths like a stone', 'Just ***like a stone*** does not float but sinks to the bottom of the sea, the enemy soldiers sank to the bottom of the sea. Alternate translation: “they went down into the deep water like a stone sinking to the bottom of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '6', 'jx52', 'figs-parallelism', 'יְמִֽינְ\u2060ךָ֣ יְהוָ֔ה נֶאְדָּרִ֖י בַּ\u2060כֹּ֑חַ יְמִֽינְ\u2060ךָ֥ יְהוָ֖ה תִּרְעַ֥ץ אוֹיֵֽב׃', '1', 'Your right hand, Yahweh, is glorious in power', 'These lines are synonymous parallels where the second takes the abstract idea in the first and makes it concrete (though still with poetic imagery). Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you show how majestic in power your right hand is by shattering the enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '6', 'x1fz', 'figs-metonymy', 'יְמִֽינְ\u2060ךָ֣ יְהוָ֔ה נֶאְדָּרִ֖י בַּ\u2060כֹּ֑חַ', '1', 'Your right hand, Yahweh, is glorious in power', 'Moses speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh had hands. The **right hand** refers to Yahweh’s power or the things Yahweh does powerfully. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, your power is glorious” or “Yahweh, what you do is gloriously powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '6', 'p1u6', 'figs-metonymy', 'יְמִֽינְ\u2060ךָ֥ יְהוָ֖ה תִּרְעַ֥ץ אוֹיֵֽב', '1', 'your right hand, Yahweh, has shattered the enemy', 'Moses speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh had hands. The **right hand** refers to Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, your power has shattered the enemy” or “Yahweh, by your power you have shattered the enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '6', 'rmd4', 'figs-metaphor', 'תִּרְעַ֥ץ אוֹיֵֽב', '1', 'has shattered the enemy', 'Moses speaks of the enemy as if it were fragile and could be **shattered** like glass or pottery. Alternate translation: “completely destroys the enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '7', 'i2x4', 'figs-parallelism', 'תַּהֲרֹ֣ס קָמֶ֑י\u2060ךָ תְּשַׁלַּח֙ חֲרֹ֣נְ\u2060ךָ֔ יֹאכְלֵ֖\u2060מוֹ כַּ\u2060קַּֽשׁ', '1', 'those who rose up against you', 'These lines are synonymous parallels where the second takes the abstract idea in the first portion (**you overthrow those who rise up against you**) and makes it concrete (though still with poetic imagery). Alternate translation: “you overthrow those who rise up against you by sending out your heat to devour them like stubble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '7', 'kmv4', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'וּ\u2060בְ\u2060רֹ֥ב גְּאוֹנְ\u2060ךָ֖', '1', 'those who rose up against you', 'If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract nouns **abundance** and **majesty** as an adverb and adjective respectively. Alternate translation: “You are abundantly majestic and” or “Because you are abundantly majestic” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '7', 'nd3t', 'figs-metaphor', 'קָמֶ֑י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'those who rose up against you', 'Rebelling against Yahweh is spoken of as rising up against him. Alternate translation: “those who rebel against you” or “your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '7', 'kst4', '', 'חֲרֹ֣נְ\u2060ךָ֔', '1', 'You sent out your wrath', '“your wrath” or “your fury”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '7', 'glq7', 'figs-personification', 'תְּשַׁלַּח֙ חֲרֹ֣נְ\u2060ךָ֔', '1', 'You sent out your wrath', 'Moses speaks of Yahweh’s wrath (literally **heat**) as if it were a servant that Yahweh sent out to do something. Alternate translation: “You show your wrath” or “You acted according to your wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '7', 'a5x7', 'figs-metaphor', 'יֹאכְלֵ֖\u2060מוֹ כַּ\u2060קַּֽשׁ׃', '1', 'it consumed them like stubble', 'Moses speaks of God’s wrath as if it were fire that could completely burn up things. His enemies were completely destroyed like stubble in a fire. Alternate translation: “it completely destroys your enemies like a fire that burns up straw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '7', 'guap', 'figs-simile', 'יֹאכְלֵ֖\u2060מוֹ כַּ\u2060קַּֽשׁ', '1', 'By the blast of your nostrils', 'Here the enemies (or **those who rise up against** Yahweh) are pictured as if they were a highly flammable piece of dried grass. Alternate translation: “it devoured the enemy as if they were stubble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '8', 'ic8v', 'figs-personification', 'וּ\u2060בְ\u2060ר֤וּחַ אַפֶּ֨י\u2060ךָ֙', '1', 'By the blast of your nostrils', 'Moses speaks of God as if God had a nose, and he speaks of the wind as if God blew the wind from his nose. Alternate translation: “You blew on the sea and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '8', 'qg9g', 'figs-activepassive', 'וּ\u2060בְ\u2060ר֤וּחַ אַפֶּ֨י\u2060ךָ֙ נֶ֣עֶרְמוּ מַ֔יִם נִצְּב֥וּ כְמוֹ־נֵ֖ד נֹזְלִ֑ים', '1', 'By the blast of your nostrils', 'This can be expressed with an active form. Alternate translation: “The blast of your nostrils piled the waters up and made the flowing waters stand upright in a heap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '8', 'tguh', 'figs-parallelism', 'נֶ֣עֶרְמוּ מַ֔יִם נִצְּב֥וּ כְמוֹ־נֵ֖ד נֹזְלִ֑ים קָֽפְא֥וּ תְהֹמֹ֖ת בְּ\u2060לֶב־יָֽם', '1', 'By the blast of your nostrils', 'These lines are synonymous parallels where each line means basically the same thing, but each gives the reader a different poetic image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '8', 'uevt', 'figs-metaphor', 'בְּ\u2060לֶב־יָֽם', '1', 'By the blast of your nostrils', 'The center or deepest part of the sea is spoken of as if the sea had a **heart**. Alternate translation: “in the center of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '9', 'd8nk', 'figs-activepassive', 'תִּמְלָאֵ֣\u2060מוֹ נַפְשִׁ֔\u2060י', '1', 'my desire will be satisfied on them', 'This can be expressed with an active form. Alternate translation: “I will satisfy my desire on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '9', 'lu0e', '', 'תּוֹרִישֵׁ֖\u2060מוֹ יָדִֽ\u2060י', '1', 'my hand will destroy them', 'The meaning of this phrase is unclear. The word translated **dispossess** could also mean ”possess” or ”inherit.” What seems clear is that the Egyptians plan to use their power to prevent the Israelites from possessing good things. Whether this is a reference back to **plunder** earlier in the verse, or to recapturing them as slaves, or to taking over the Israelites’ place in the land of Goshen, or of keeping them from reaching the promised land (of Yahweh’s possession, see [verse 17](../15/17.md) regarding where Yahweh will bring his people), or something else is not so clear. **Dispossess** was chosen rather than another term because the verb is in a causative form here. Alternate translation: “my hand will possess them” or “my hand will inherit them”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '9', 'sm77', 'figs-metonymy', 'תּוֹרִישֵׁ֖\u2060מוֹ יָדִֽ\u2060י', '1', 'my hand will destroy them', 'Here **hand** is used figuratively of the Egyptians’ power (that is, their military strength). Alternate translation: “my power will dispossess them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '10', 'yrj5', 'figs-metaphor', 'נָשַׁ֥פְתָּ בְ\u2060רוּחֲ\u2060ךָ֖', '1', 'But you blew with your wind', 'Moses spoke about God making the wind blow as if God blew the wind through his nose or mouth. Alternate translation: “But you made the wind blow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '10', 'f7d3', 'figs-simile', 'צָֽלֲלוּ֙ כַּֽ\u2060עוֹפֶ֔רֶת בְּ\u2060מַ֖יִם אַדִּירִֽים', '1', 'sank like lead in the mighty waters', '**Lead** is a heavy metal that is commonly used to make things sink in water. It is used here to show how fast God’s enemies were destroyed. Alternate translation: “sank as fast as a heavy piece of metal in the deep turbulent waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '11', 'wq2s', 'figs-rquestion', 'מִֽי־כָמֹ֤\u2060כָה בָּֽ\u2060אֵלִם֙ יְהוָ֔ה', '1', 'Who is like you, Yahweh, among the gods?', 'Moses uses this question to show how great God is. Alternate translation: “O Yahweh, no one is like you among the gods!” or “Yahweh, none of the gods is like you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '11', 'pp57', 'figs-rquestion', 'מִ֥י כָּמֹ֖\u2060כָה נֶאְדָּ֣ר בַּ\u2060קֹּ֑דֶשׁ נוֹרָ֥א תְהִלֹּ֖ת עֹ֥שֵׂה פֶֽלֶא', '1', 'Who is like you,…doing miracles?', 'Moses uses this question to show how great God is. Alternate translation: “No one is like you. No one is majestic in holiness as you are, no one is honored in praises as you are, and no one does miracles as you do!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '12', 'cid8', 'figs-metonymy', 'יְמִ֣ינְ\u2060ךָ֔', '1', 'with your right hand', 'The phrase **right hand** represents the strong power of God. Alternate translation: “with your strong power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '12', 'bkg2', 'figs-metaphor', 'נָטִ֨יתָ֙ יְמִ֣ינְ\u2060ךָ֔', '1', 'You reached out with your right hand', 'Moses speaks about God causing something to happen as if God reached out with his hand. Alternate translation: “With your strong power you made it happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '12', 'g7bv', 'figs-personification', 'תִּבְלָעֵ֖\u2060מוֹ אָֽרֶץ', '1', 'the earth swallowed them', 'Moses personifies the earth as if it could swallow or devour with it’s mouth. Alternate translation: “the earth devoured them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '13', 'cvea', 'figs-parallelism', 'נָחִ֥יתָ בְ\u2060חַסְדְּ\u2060ךָ֖ עַם־ז֣וּ גָּאָ֑לְתָּ נֵהַ֥לְתָּ בְ\u2060עָזְּ\u2060ךָ֖', '1', 'the earth swallowed them', 'These lines are structural parallels where the lines are saying similar things but the parallelism is more in the construction of the lines. **In your** is repeated and the concepts of **led** and **guided** are very similar to one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '14', 'qlpy', 'figs-parallelism', '', '0', 'tremble', 'Verses 14-16a form a complex parallel structure where things are repeated in reverse. (See the [introduction to chapter 15](../15/intro.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '14', 'zi1m', '', 'יִרְגָּז֑וּ\u2060ן', '1', 'tremble', 'This means to shake because you are afraid.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '14', 'uqf7', 'figs-personification', 'חִ֣יל אָחַ֔ז יֹשְׁבֵ֖י פְּלָֽשֶׁת', '1', 'terror will seize the inhabitants of Philistia', 'Moses speaks of **terror** as if it were a person that could forcefully grab hold of someone and make them extremely afraid. Alternate translation: “the inhabitants of Philistia will be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '15', 'qyix', 'figs-personification', 'אֵילֵ֣י מוֹאָ֔ב יֹֽאחֲזֵ֖\u2060מוֹ רָ֑עַד', '1', 'terror will seize the inhabitants of Philistia', 'Moses speaks of **trembling** as if it were a person that could forcefully grab hold of someone and make them extremely afraid. Alternate translation: “the leaders of Moab will be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '15', 'ya48', 'figs-metaphor', 'נָמֹ֕גוּ', '1', 'will melt away', 'Moses uses the phrase, **melted away,** to speak of people becoming weak because of their fear. Alternate translation: “became weak from fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '16', 'nk67', 'figs-doublet', 'תִּפֹּ֨ל עֲלֵי\u2060הֶ֤ם אֵימָ֨תָ\u2060ה֙ וָ\u2060פַ֔חַד', '1', 'Terror and dread will fall on them', '**Terror and dread** form a doublet meaning “very afraid.” Alternate translation: “They will become very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '16', 'kbt5', 'figs-metaphor', 'תִּפֹּ֨ל עֲלֵי\u2060הֶ֤ם אֵימָ֨תָ\u2060ה֙ וָ\u2060פַ֔חַד', '1', 'Terror and dread will fall on them', '**Terror and dread** are pictured as physical objects that could **fall on** people. The image might be of them crushing people or being a heavy weight that people struggle under (however, the image is not specified). It means that the people will feel the emotions of terror and dread very strongly. Alternate translation: “They will be overwhelmed with feelings of terror and dread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '16', 't2yp', 'figs-metonymy', 'בִּ\u2060גְדֹ֥ל זְרוֹעֲ\u2060ךָ֖', '1', 'Because of your arm’s power', 'God’s arm represents his great strength. Alternate translation: “Because of your great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '16', 'umm7', 'figs-simile', 'יִדְּמ֣וּ כָּ\u2060אָ֑בֶן', '1', 'they will become as still as a stone', 'Possible meanings are (1) “They will be silent like stone” or (2) “They will be motionless as stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '17', 'n5i5', 'figs-explicit', 'תְּבִאֵ֗\u2060מוֹ וְ\u2060תִטָּעֵ֨\u2060מוֹ֙', '1', 'You will bring them', 'Where God would bring them can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “You will take your people to Canaan and plant them there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '17', 'u26j', 'figs-go', 'תְּבִאֵ֗\u2060מוֹ', '1', 'You will bring them', 'Since Moses was not already in Canaan, some languages would use “take” rather than **bring.** Alternate translation: “You will take them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '17', 't6wg', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060תִטָּעֵ֨\u2060מוֹ֙ בְּ\u2060הַ֣ר', '1', 'plant them on the mountain', 'Moses speaks about God giving his people the land to live in as if they were a plant that God was planting. Alternate translation: “settle them on the mountain of” or “let them live on the mountain of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '17', 'p7kb', '', 'בְּ\u2060הַ֣ר נַחֲלָֽתְ\u2060ךָ֔', '1', 'the mountain of your inheritance', 'This refers to Mount Zion in the land of Canaan.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '17', 'ie26', 'figs-metaphor', 'בְּ\u2060הַ֣ר נַחֲלָֽתְ\u2060ךָ֔', '1', 'of your inheritance', 'Moses speaks about God promising to give his people **the mountain** forever as if he were giving it to them as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “on the mountain that you have given them as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '17', 'ytz3', 'figs-metonymy', 'כּוֹנְנ֥וּ יָדֶֽי\u2060ךָ׃', '1', 'that your hands have built', 'The phrase **your hands** refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “that you have built by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '18', 'ue6p', '', 'יְהוָ֥ה׀ יִמְלֹ֖ךְ לְ\u2060עֹלָ֥ם וָ\u2060עֶֽד', '1', 'that your hands have built', '“Yahweh reigns forever and ever”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '20', 'g7s6', 'translate-names', 'מִרְיָ֨ם', '1', 'Miriam…Aaron', 'Miriam was the older sister of Moses and Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '20', 'gam2', 'translate-unknown', 'הַ\u2060תֹּ֖ף …בְּ\u2060תֻפִּ֖ים', '1', 'tambourine', 'This is a musical instrument like a small drum that also has pieces of metal around the side that make a sound when shaken. Alternate translation: “timbrel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '20', 'hut1', 'figs-hyperbole', 'וַ\u2060תֵּצֶ֤אןָ כָֽל־הַ\u2060נָּשִׁים֙ אַחֲרֶ֔י\u2060הָ בְּ\u2060תֻפִּ֖ים וּ\u2060בִ\u2060מְחֹלֹֽת', '1', 'tambourine', 'Here, **all** may be a generalization, it may not have been every woman. It could be better to translate as a restrictive clause as in the UST. Alternate translation: “and every woman who went out after her had a tambourine and danced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '21', 'f6m3', 'figs-explicit', 'גָאֹ֣ה גָּאָ֔ה', '1', 'he has triumphed gloriously', 'It can be stated explicitly over whom Yahweh triumphed. See how you translated this in [Exodus 15:1](../15/01.md). Alternate translation: “he has achieved a glorious victory over the army of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '21', 'hvu1', 'figs-metaphor', 'ס֥וּס וְ\u2060רֹכְב֖\u2060וֹ רָמָ֥ה בַ\u2060יָּֽם', '1', 'The horse and his rider he has thrown into the sea', 'Miriam sang about God causing the sea to cover and drown the horse and rider as if God had thrown them into the sea. See how you translated this in [Exodus 15:1](../15/01.md). Alternate translation: “he has made the horse and rider drown in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '22', 'iw9n', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'יִשְׂרָאֵל֙', '1', 'Moses led Israel', 'The word **Israel** represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Moses led the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '22', 'c7pe', 'translate-names', 'מִדְבַּר־שׁ֑וּר', '1', 'wilderness of Shur', 'We do not know the exact locations of this place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '23', 'a9pv', 'translate-names', 'מָרָ֔תָ\u2060ה', '1', 'Marah', 'We do not know the exact locations of this place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '24', 'n64m', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּלֹּ֧נוּ הָ\u2060עָ֛ם עַל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה', '1', 'complained to Moses and said', '**Murmur** is a very strong term for “grumble” or “complain” that is used to describe the Israelites’ attitude throughout their time in the wilderness. It occurs several times in Exodus and Numbers. Alternate translation: “And the people were unhappy and told Moses” or “And the people angrily told Moses”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '26', 'l2hx', 'figs-123person', 'לְ\u2060ק֣וֹל׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'the voice of Yahweh your God', 'Yahweh is speaking about his own voice. Alternate translation: “to my voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '26', 'oh8c', 'figs-metonymy', 'לְ\u2060ק֣וֹל׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'the voice of Yahweh your God', 'Yahweh’s voice represents what he says. Alternate translation: “to what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '26', 'sq5x', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060הַ\u2060יָּשָׁ֤ר בְּ\u2060עֵינָי\u2060ו֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה', '1', 'do what is right in his eyes', 'The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “and do what Yahweh considers to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '26', 'bgcf', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060הַֽאֲזַנְתָּ֙ לְ\u2060מִצְוֺתָ֔י\u2060ו', '1', 'do what is right in his eyes', 'The **ear** represents listening and listening represents obeying. Alternate translation: “and you carefully obey his commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '26', 'm4cn', 'figs-metaphor', 'כָּֽל־הַ\u2060מַּֽחֲלָ֞ה אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֤מְתִּי בְ\u2060מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ לֹא־אָשִׂ֣ים עָלֶ֔י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'I will put on you none of the diseases', 'God speaks of causing people to have diseases as putting diseases on them. Alternate translation: “I will not cause any of you to have the diseases that I cause the Egyptians to have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '27', 'did8', 'translate-names', 'אֵילִ֔מָ\u2060ה', '1', 'Elim', 'This is an oasis in the desert, a place with water and shade trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '15', '27', 'p64y', 'translate-numbers', 'וְ\u2060שִׁבְעִ֣ים', '1', 'seventy', '“and seventy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', 'intro', 'nkd7', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 16 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Complaints
After complaining about the water, the Israelites complained that they had less food than in Egypt. This is intended to show their ungratefulness and their sinful view of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
### Prohibition against storing food
The people were not allowed to store the food, called manna, that Yahweh provided to them. This is because they were to trust in Yahweh to provide for their needs every day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
### Sabbath
This is the first recorded celebration of the Sabbath rest. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])
## Possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Bread as food
Yahweh speaks of the food that he will send as if it were bread. The manna he gave them was perhaps not literally bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. Alternate translations: “food” or “food like bread” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/bread]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
### Chronology
[Verses 34](../../exo/16/34.md)-36 are written from a much later perspective. Translators will need to find a way to show that this portion gives background information from a much later point (at least 40 years).
### Ark of the covenant
Related to the chronology issue, although the covenant has not yet been made, it is referenced in [Exodus 16:34](../../exo/16/34.md). This is probably an editorial comment made after these events. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
### Wilderness of Sin
Sin is the name of a part of the Sinai Wilderness. It is the description of a place, and it has nothing to do with sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '1', 'gw67', 'translate-names', 'סִ֔ין', '1', 'wilderness of Sin', 'The word **Sin** here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. It is not the English word “sin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '1', 'h44x', 'translate-hebrewmonths', 'בַּ\u2060חֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ לַ\u2060חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ\u2060שֵּׁנִ֔י', '1', 'on the fifteenth day of the second month', 'This time coincides with the end of April and the beginning of May on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '1', 'u2aq', 'translate-ordinal', 'בַּ\u2060חֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ לַ\u2060חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ\u2060שֵּׁנִ֔י', '1', 'on the fifteenth day of the second month', '“on day 15 of the second month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '2', 'h938', 'figs-hyperbole', 'וַיִּלּ֜וֹנוּ כָּל־עֲדַ֧ת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל', '1', 'The whole community of Israelites complained', 'Here, **all** is a generalization. Alternate translation: “And many of the community of the sons of Israel murmured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '2', 'nx6f', '', 'וַיִּלּ֜וֹנוּ', '1', 'complained', '“And … were angry and spoke”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '3', 'nwy6', 'figs-hypo', 'מִֽי־יִתֵּ֨ן מוּתֵ֤\u2060נוּ', '1', 'If only we had died', 'This is a way of saying that they wished that they had died. It is a hypothetical past statement. Alternate translation: “We wish that we had died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '3', 'g1n1', 'figs-metonymy', 'בְ\u2060יַד־יְהוָה֙', '1', 'by Yahweh’s hand', 'The phrase **the hand of Yahweh** represents Yahweh’s action. Alternate translation: “by Yahweh’s action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '4', 'kls5', 'figs-metaphor', 'מַמְטִ֥יר לָ\u2060כֶ֛ם לֶ֖חֶם מִן־הַ\u2060שָּׁמָ֑יִם', '1', 'I will rain down bread from heaven for you', 'God speaks of food coming down from heaven as if it were rain. Alternate translation: “make bread come down from heaven like rain” or “make bread fall to you from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '4', 'yew5', '', 'בְּ\u2060תוֹרָתִ֖\u2060י', '1', 'my law', '“in my instruction”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '5', 'p1f6', '', 'וְ\u2060הָיָה֙ בַּ\u2060יּ֣וֹם הַ\u2060שִּׁשִּׁ֔י וְ\u2060הֵכִ֖ינוּ', '1', 'It will come about on the sixth day, that they', '“It will happen on the sixth day that they will prepare” or “On the sixth day they will prepare”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '5', 'cl74', 'translate-ordinal', 'בַּ\u2060יּ֣וֹם הַ\u2060שִּׁשִּׁ֔י', '1', 'on the sixth day', '“on day 6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '5', 't5il', '', 'מִשְׁנֶ֔ה', '1', 'twice', 'two times']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '7', 'zb21', 'figs-rquestion', 'וְ\u2060נַ֣חְנוּ מָ֔ה כִּ֥י תלונו עָלֵֽי\u2060נוּ', '1', 'Who are we for you to complain against us?', 'Moses and Aaron used this question to show the people that it was foolish to complain against them. Alternate translation: “We are not powerful enough for you to complain against us.” or “It is foolish to complain against us, because we cannot do what you want.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '8', 'pn4e', 'figs-rquestion', 'וְ\u2060נַ֣חְנוּ מָ֔ה', '1', 'Who are Aaron and I?', 'Moses used this question to show the people that he and Aaron did not have the power to give them what they wanted. Alternate translation: “Aaron and I cannot give you what you want.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '8', 'vdr8', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060נַ֣חְנוּ מָ֔ה לֹא־עָלֵ֥י\u2060נוּ תְלֻנֹּתֵי\u2060כֶ֖ם כִּ֥י עַל־יְהוָֽה', '1', 'Your complaints are not against us; they are against Yahweh', 'The people were complaining against Moses and Aaron, who were Yahweh’s servants. So by complaining against them, the people were really complaining against Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Your complaints are not really against us; they are against Yahweh, because we are his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '9', 'pqgo', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן אֱמֹ֗ר אֶֽל־כָּל־עֲדַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל קִרְב֖וּ', '1', 'Your complaints are not against us; they are against Yahweh', 'There are two layers of quotes here. You may want to translate one or the other as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the layers of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “And Moses told Aaron to tell all of the congregation of the sons of Israel, “Approach” or “And Moses told Aaron, “Tell all of the congregation of the sons of Israel to approach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '10', 'q4ax', '', 'וַ\u2060יְהִ֗י', '1', 'It came about', 'This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. The important event here is the people seeing Yahweh’s glory. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '10', 'b6rp', '', 'וְ\u2060הִנֵּה֙', '1', 'behold', 'The word **behold** here shows that the people saw something interesting.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '13', 'aas8', '', 'וַ\u2060יְהִ֣י', '1', 'It came about…that', 'This phrase is used here to mark an important part of the events. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '13', 'eu1x', 'translate-unknown', 'הַ\u2060שְּׂלָ֔ו', '1', 'quails', 'These are small, plump birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '14', 'k5lb', 'translate-unknown', 'כַּ\u2060כְּפֹ֖ר', '1', 'like frost', 'Frost is frozen dew that forms on the ground. It is very fine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '14', 'jern', 'figs-simile', 'כַּ\u2060כְּפֹ֖ר', '1', 'like frost', 'The original readers knew what frost is like, so this phrase would help them understand what the flakes were like. Alternate translation: “that looked like frost” or “that was fine like frost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '16', 'gotf', '', 'אִ֖ישׁ לְ\u2060פִ֣י אָכְל֑\u2060וֹ', '1', 'omer', '“according to how much each will eat”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '16', 'fqp9', 'translate-bvolume', 'עֹ֣מֶר', '1', 'omer', '2 liters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '16', 'mnwy', '', 'עֹ֣מֶר לַ\u2060גֻּלְגֹּ֗לֶת מִסְפַּר֙ נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵי\u2060כֶ֔ם אִ֛ישׁ לַ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּ\u2060אָהֳל֖\u2060וֹ תִּקָּֽחוּ', '1', 'omer', '“take an omer per person according to how many people are in the gatherer’s tent”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '20', 'itjo', '', 'וַ\u2060יָּ֥רֻם תּוֹלָעִ֖ים', '1', 'omer', '“and it decayed with worms”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '21', 'jd5t', '', 'אִ֖ישׁ כְּ\u2060פִ֣י אָכְל֑\u2060וֹ', '1', 'omer', '“everyone according to how much they would eat” or “everyone according to how many people they had to feed”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '22', 'nrx8', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יְהִ֣י', '1', 'It came about that', 'This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. Verses 16:22-30 tell about what the people did concerning the manna on the sixth and seventh days of the week. If your language has a way for marking this as a new part of the story, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '22', 'xk6x', 'translate-ordinal', 'בַּ\u2060יּ֣וֹם הַ\u2060שִּׁשִּׁ֗י', '1', 'on the sixth day', '“on day 6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '22', 'zj1u', '', 'מִשְׁנֶ֔ה', '1', 'twice', '“two times as much”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '22', 'f4j9', '', 'לֶ֨חֶם֙', '1', 'bread', 'This refers to the bread that appeared as thin flakes on the ground each morning.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '23', 'wc4a', '', 'שַׁבָּת֧וֹן שַׁבַּת־קֹ֛דֶשׁ לַֽ\u2060יהוָ֖ה', '1', 'a solemn rest', '“is a day to stop working completely and dedicate to Yahweh”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '24', 'y4d9', '', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֣א הִבְאִ֔ישׁ', '1', 'did not become foul', '“And it did not smell rotten”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '25', 'pr1p', '', 'כִּֽי־שַׁבָּ֥ת הַ\u2060יּ֖וֹם לַ\u2060יהוָ֑ה', '1', 'today is a day reserved as a Sabbath to honor Yahweh', '“today is a Sabbath, a day to honor Yahweh by not working”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '26', 'jv77', 'translate-ordinal', 'וּ\u2060בַ\u2060יּ֧וֹם הַ\u2060שְּׁבִיעִ֛י', '1', 'but the seventh day', '“but on day seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '27', 'qf14', '', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֖א מָצָֽאוּ', '1', 'they found none', '“but they did not find any manna”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '28', 'e1vx', 'figs-rquestion', 'עַד־אָ֨נָה֙ מֵֽאַנְתֶּ֔ם לִ\u2060שְׁמֹ֥ר מִצְוֺתַ֖\u2060י וְ\u2060תוֹרֹתָֽ\u2060י', '1', 'How long will you refuse to keep my commandments and my laws?', 'God used this question to scold the people because they did not obey his laws. Alternate translation: “You people still do not keep my commandments and laws!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '28', 'q41d', 'figs-youcrowd', 'מֵֽאַנְתֶּ֔ם', '1', 'General Information:', 'Yahweh speaks to Moses, but the word **you** refers to the people of Israel in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '28', 'vnq7', '', 'לִ\u2060שְׁמֹ֥ר מִצְוֺתַ֖\u2060י וְ\u2060תוֹרֹתָֽ\u2060י', '1', 'to keep my commandments and my laws', '“to obey my commandments and my laws”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '29', 'p22l', 'figs-metaphor', 'כִּֽי־יְהוָה֮ נָתַ֣ן לָ\u2060כֶ֣ם הַ\u2060שַּׁבָּת֒', '1', 'Yahweh has given you the Sabbath', 'Yahweh speaks about teaching people to rest on the Sabbath as if the Sabbath were a gift. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, have taught you to rest on the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '29', 'dt58', 'translate-ordinal', 'בַּ\u2060יּ֥וֹם הַ\u2060שִּׁשִּׁ֖י…בַּ\u2060יּ֥וֹם הַ\u2060שְּׁבִיעִֽי', '1', 'sixth day…two days…seventh day', '“on day 6 … on day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '29', 'y8wf', '', 'לֶ֣חֶם', '1', 'bread', 'This refers to the bread that appeared as thin flakes on the ground each morning.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '29', 'x6gh', '', 'יוֹמָ֑יִם', '1', 'bread', '“for 2 days”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '31', 'r1a5', 'translate-unknown', 'כְּ\u2060זֶ֤רַע גַּד֙ לָבָ֔ן', '1', 'coriander seed', '**Coriander** is an herb also known as cilantro. People eat both the leaves and seeds. People dry the seeds and grind them into a powder and put it in food to give it flavor. Alternate translation: “like a small white seed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '31', 'vrl4', '', 'כְּ\u2060צַפִּיחִ֥ת', '1', 'wafers', '**Wafers** are very thin biscuits or crackers.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '33', 'ggba', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה', '1', 'wafers', 'Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '34', 'x9vr', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'wafers', 'Verses 34-36 provide a later commentary on the chapter. If your language has a way of marking background information you may want to use it starting from verse 34 or verse 35. You may want to leave verse 34 more connected to verse 33 even though it references the **Covenant** which has not been given yet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '34', 'jzcz', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֥י הָ\u2060עֵדֻ֖ת', '1', 'wafers', 'Here, **face** figuratively represents being near the **Covenant.** Alternate translation: “near the Covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '36', 'g8ns', 'translate-bvolume', 'וְ\u2060הָ\u2060עֹ֕מֶר עֲשִׂרִ֥ית הָ\u2060אֵיפָ֖ה הֽוּא', '1', 'Now an omer is a tenth of an ephah', 'An omer and an ephah are both containers for measuring volume. The original readers would have known how much an ephah was. This sentence would help them know how much an omer was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '16', '36', 'a9uh', 'translate-fraction', 'וְ\u2060הָ\u2060עֹ֕מֶר עֲשִׂרִ֥ית הָ\u2060אֵיפָ֖ה הֽוּא', '1', 'Now an omer is a tenth of an ephah', 'For languages that do not use fractions, this can be reworded. Alternate translation: “Now ten omers equal one ephah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', 'intro', 'f12q', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 17 General Notes
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical Questions
Moses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince people of their sin. Likewise, the people’s rhetorical question showed their ignorance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Wilderness of Sin
Sin is the name of a part of the Sinai Wilderness. It is not the description of a place, and it has nothing to do with sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
### Naming
As in the last couple of chapters, places and things are named for what happens in that location. In this chapter is Massah (which means “test”), Meribah (“arguing”), and an alter named “Yahweh is my Banner” because Yahweh will be at war with the Amalekites forever.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '1', 'jzz5', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ֠\u2060יִּסְעוּ כָּל־עֲדַ֨ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל', '1', 'wilderness of Sin', 'A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '1', 'h1li', 'translate-names', 'סִ֛ין', '1', 'wilderness of Sin', 'The word “Sin” here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. It is not the English word “sin.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 16:1](../16/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '1', 'e7jv', 'figs-metonymy', 'עַל־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֑ה', '1', 'wilderness of Sin', 'Here, **mouth** is a refers figuratively to Yahweh’s commands (that is, what he says to do). Alternate translation: “at the command of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '1', 'j1fm', 'translate-names', 'בִּ\u2060רְפִידִ֔ים', '1', 'Rephidim', '**Rephidim** means “the resting place,” a place to rest on long journeys through the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '2', 'hr9b', 'figs-rquestion', 'מַה־תְּרִיבוּ\u2060ן֙ עִמָּדִ֔\u2060י מַה־תְּנַסּ֖וּ\u2060ן אֶת־יְהוָֽה', '1', 'Why do you quarrel with me? Why do you test Yahweh?', 'Moses uses these questions to scold the people. Alternate translation: “You should not quarrel with me! You should not test Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '3', 'cz24', 'figs-rquestion', 'לָ֤\u2060מָּה זֶּה֙ הֶעֱלִיתָ֣\u2060נוּ מִ\u2060מִּצְרַ֔יִם לְ\u2060הָמִ֥ית אֹתִ֛\u2060י וְ\u2060אֶת־בָּנַ֥\u2060י וְ\u2060אֶת־מִקְנַ֖\u2060י בַּ\u2060צָּמָֽא', '1', 'To kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst?', 'The people use this question to accuse Moses of wanting to kill them. Alternate translation: “You only brought us out here to kill us and our children and cattle by not letting us have any water to drink!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '6', 'nspc', 'figs-metonymy', 'לְ\u2060פָנֶ֨י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'To kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst?', 'Here, **before your face** means “in front of”. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '7', 'x5an', 'translate-names', 'מַסָּ֖ה', '1', 'Massah', '**Massah** is a place in the desert whose name means “testing” in Hebrew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '7', 'hw7y', 'translate-names', 'וַ\u2060יִּקְרָא֙', '1', 'Meribah', '**Meribah** is a place in the desert whose name means “complaining” in Hebrew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '7', 'm55e', '', 'אִם־אָֽיִן', '1', 'Meribah', 'In some languages it may be unnatural to explicitly have the negative option included in this question or to have it at the end. It may be omitted or relocated in the question if that is the case.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '8', 'nyt1', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יָּבֹ֖א עֲמָלֵ֑ק', '1', 'Rephidim', 'A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '8', 'hi3u', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'עֲמָלֵ֑ק…יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל', '1', 'Rephidim', '**Amalek** and **Israel** are both collective nouns that refer to the nations (people groups) descended from that individual. Alternate translation: “the Amalekites … the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '8', 'srdq', 'writing-participants', 'עֲמָלֵ֑ק', '1', 'Rephidim', '**Amalek** or the Amalekites are a completely new participant in the story which you may need to point out in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '8', 'rv14', 'translate-names', 'בִּ\u2060רְפִידִֽם', '1', 'Rephidim', '**Rephidim** was the name of a place in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '9', 'iktn', 'translate-names', 'יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ֙', '1', 'Rephidim', 'This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '9', 'dscc', 'writing-participants', 'יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ֙', '1', 'Rephidim', '**Joshua** is a completely new participant in the story which you may need to point out in your translation. He is a major character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '10', 'ca3g', 'figs-synecdoche', 'וַ\u2060יַּ֣עַשׂ יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ כַּ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֤ר אָֽמַר־ל\u2060וֹ֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה לְ\u2060הִלָּחֵ֖ם בַּ\u2060עֲמָלֵ֑ק', '1', 'So Joshua fought Amalek', '**Joshua** represents himself and the Israelites that he led into battle. Alternate translation: “And, as Moses instructed, Joshua and the men he chose fought against the Amalekites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '10', 'wy51', 'translate-names', 'וְ\u2060ח֔וּר', '1', 'Hur', 'Hur was a friend of Moses and Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '10', 'itcx', 'writing-participants', 'וְ\u2060ח֔וּר', '1', 'Hur', '**Hur** is a new participant in the story which you may need to point out in your translation. However, he is a very minor character. He only appears in this passage and once much later in the book, so you may not need to highlight him at all. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '11', 'x5ex', 'figs-synecdoche', 'וְ\u2060גָבַ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל…וְ\u2060גָבַ֥ר עֲמָלֵֽק', '1', 'Israel was winning…Amalek would begin to win', 'The words “Israel” and “Amalek” represent the fighters from those groups. Alternate translation: “the Israelite fighters were winning … the Amalekite fighters would begin to win” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '12', 'hxt8', 'figs-metonymy', 'וִ\u2060ידֵ֤י מֹשֶׁה֙ כְּבֵדִ֔ים', '1', 'hands became heavy', 'The author writes of Moses’ arms becoming tired as if his hands became heavy. Alternate translation: “And Moses’ arms became tired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '12', 'js2p', '', 'מִ\u2060זֶּ֤ה אֶחָד֙ וּ\u2060מִ\u2060זֶּ֣ה אֶחָ֔ד', '1', 'hands became heavy', '“one on one side, and one on the other”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '13', 'plp3', 'figs-metonymy', 'לְ\u2060פִי־חָֽרֶב', '1', 'with the sword', 'The sword represents battle. Alternate translation: “in the battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '14', 'c5rl', 'figs-metaphor', 'מָחֹ֤ה אֶמְחֶה֙ אֶת־זֵ֣כֶר עֲמָלֵ֔ק', '1', 'I will completely blot out the memory of Amalek', 'God speaks of destroying Amalek as if he were removing people’s memory of Amalek. When a group of people is completely destroyed, there is nothing to remind people about them. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy Amalek” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '14', 'jm77', 'figs-metonymy', 'עֲמָלֵ֔ק', '1', 'Amalek', 'This refers to the Amalekites. Alternate translation: Amalekites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '14', 'n42j', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִ\u2060תַּ֖חַת הַ\u2060שָּׁמָֽיִם', '1', 'Amalek', 'This phrase is used to represent all people everywhere. Alternate translation: “from all people every where” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '15', 'fneg', '', 'נִסִּֽ\u2060י', '1', 'Amalek', '**Banner** is something lifted up high, perhaps like a flag, that people can see from a distance and follow. Alternate translation: “is my military standard” or “is my guidon”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '16', 'lr14', '', 'כִּֽי־יָד֙ עַל־כֵּ֣ס יָ֔הּ', '1', 'Amalek', 'The Hebrew here is very difficult and there are a variety of opinions regarding the meaning. Questions include: 1) Whose hand is referred to? Amalek’s, Yahweh’s, or Moses’? 2) What is the hand on (or against)? Yahweh’s throne or banner? 3) What is the meaning of the preposition meaning on, against, or above? What does that signify? Rebellion, or taking an oath, or holding onto a symbol of power? If there is another translation in your region, it may be best to simply follow the interpretation it gives. Alternate translation: “Because a hand was on the throne of Yah” or “Because a hand was on the banner of Yah”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '17', '16', 'sw1q', '', 'מִלְחָמָ֥ה לַ\u2060יהוָ֖ה בַּֽ\u2060עֲמָלֵ֑ק', '1', 'Amalek', 'This phrase has no verbs in Hebrew. You may need to translate the noun **war** as a verb. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will make war with Amalek” or “Yahweh will war against Amalek”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', 'intro', 't8g2', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 18 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Leadership lessons
Jethro taught Moses an important leadership lesson in this chapter. Many scholars look at this chapter for important leadership lessons. Moses delegated some of his responsibilities to other godly men so that he would not become worn out by all the demands made of him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
## Possible translation difficulties
### Order of events
The timing of the events in [verse 2](../18/02.md) is not clear and whatever their timing, may be difficult to translate. The question is: Is Jethro’s **taking** Zipporah related to the past event of Moses sending her back to him at some otherwise unmentioned point in time, or is Jethro’s **taking** related to his coming to meet Moses in [verse 5](../18/05.md).
### Verse 11
[Verse 11](../18/11.md) is difficult in the original and requires interpretation.
### God and Yahweh
For this chapter God, who is named Yahweh, is mostly referred to as God instead by his name as is usual in much of the rest of the book. Translations should not suggest that they are not different beings.
### Kinship: Father-in-law
Jethro is the father of Moses’ wife. Some languages may make a distinction between that and a woman’s father-in-law. If that is the case, note it in verses: 1-2, 5-8, 12, 14-15, 17, 24, and 27. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])
### Participant reference
Jethro is often referred to simply as the father-in-law of Moses in this chapter. He is also named explicitly an unusually high number of times (it would be more usual to have more pronouns referring to him). This is likely to emphasize his familial ties and authority (or honored status). Some languages may need to use alter the way he is referred to for naturalness or to convey the same sense of familial ties and authority (or honored status).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '1', 'nl86', 'translate-kinship', 'חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה', '1', 'Moses’ father-in-law', 'This refers to the father of the wife of Moses. If your language uses a different term for a man’s father-in-law than for a woman’s, choose the appropriate one here. Note also in verses: 2, 5-8, 12, 14-15, 17, 24, and 27. Alternate translation: “the father of the wife of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '2', 'zw6h', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּקַּ֗ח יִתְרוֹ֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶת־צִפֹּרָ֖ה אֵ֣שֶׁת מֹשֶׁ֑ה', '1', 'took Zipporah, Moses’ wife', 'Possible meanings are (1) Jethro took Zipporah to Moses, or (2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '2', 'chy6', 'figs-explicit', 'אַחַ֖ר שִׁלּוּחֶֽי\u2060הָ', '1', 'after he had sent her home', 'This is something Moses had done earlier. The full meaning of the can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “after Moses had sent her home to her father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '3', 'khs1', '', 'וְ\u2060אֵ֖ת שְׁנֵ֣י בָנֶ֑י\u2060הָ', '1', 'and her two sons', 'This is the ending of the sentence that begins with the words **Jethro…took Zipporah** in [verse 2](../18/02.md). Possible meanings are (1) Jethro took Zipporah and her two sons to Moses, or (2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah and her two sons.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '3', 'k4mb', 'translate-names', 'גֵּֽרְשֹׁ֔ם', '1', 'Gershom', 'This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means “foreigner.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '4', 'xi35', 'translate-names', 'אֱלִיעֶ֑זֶר', '1', 'Eliezer', 'This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means “God is the one who helps me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '4', 'z2km', 'figs-metonymy', 'מֵ\u2060חֶ֥רֶב פַּרְעֹֽה', '1', 'Pharaoh’s sword', 'This represents being killed by Pharaoh or Pharaoh’s army. Alternate translation: “from being killed by Pharaoh” or “from being killed by Pharaoh’s army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '5', 'zzab', '', 'וּ\u2060בָנָ֥י\u2060ו', '1', 'where he was camped', '“with his sons”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '7', 's5p2', 'translate-symaction', 'וַ\u2060יִּשְׁתַּ֨חוּ֙ וַ\u2060יִּשַּׁק־ל֔\u2060וֹ', '1', 'bowed down, and kissed him', 'These symbolic acts were the normal way that people showed great respect and devotion in that culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '8', 'rkq2', 'figs-metonymy', 'עַ֖ל אוֹדֹ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל', '1', 'for Israel’s sake', 'The word **Israel** represents the Israelite people. Alternate translation: “in order to help the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '8', 'a1ra', 'figs-metaphor', 'כָּל־הַ\u2060תְּלָאָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מְצָאָ֣תַ\u2060ם', '1', 'all the hardships that had come to them', 'Moses writes of hardships happening to them as if hardships had come to them. Alternate translation: “all the hardships that had happened to them” or “how they had many hard experiences” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '9', 'wp1p', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִ\u2060יַּ֥ד מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', 'the hand of the Egyptians', 'The hand represents the power of someone to do something. Alternate translation: “the power of the Egyptians” or “from what the Egyptians were doing to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '10', 'nrv7', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִ\u2060יַּ֥ד מִצְרַ֖יִם וּ\u2060מִ\u2060יַּ֣ד פַּרְעֹ֑ה…מִ\u2060תַּ֖חַת יַד־מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', 'the hand of the Egyptians…the hand of Pharaoh', 'The hand represents the power of someone to do something. Alternate translation: “from the power of the Egyptians and from the power of Pharaoh … from the power of the Egyptians” or “from what the Egyptians and Pharaoh were doing to you … from what the Egyptians were doing to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '11', 'kmk7', '', 'כִּ֣י בַ\u2060דָּבָ֔ר', '1', 'the hand of the Egyptians…the hand of Pharaoh', '**Because of the matter** probably refers back to Yahweh’s rescue of Israel. Alternate translation: “because of what he did”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '11', 'ljj6', '', 'אֲשֶׁ֥ר זָד֖וּ עֲלֵי\u2060הֶֽם', '1', 'the hand of the Egyptians…the hand of Pharaoh', 'The most natural referent for **they** is **the gods**, who, perhaps through their agents (Pharaoh and the Egyptians), fought against Yahweh and oppressed the Israelites. This would connect back to [Exodus 12:12](../12/12.md) where Yahweh declares that he is bring judgment on the gods of Egypt. You may need to make some part of this explicit. Alternate translation: “in which they proudly fought Yahweh by oppressing Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '12', 'voi9', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֥י הָ\u2060אֱלֹהִֽים', '1', 'the hand of the Egyptians…the hand of Pharaoh', 'Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of God. In this case it likely means that this was a worship event. Alternate translation: “in the presence of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '13', 'ni2b', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יְהִי֙ מִֽ\u2060מָּחֳרָ֔ת', '1', 'the hand of the Egyptians…the hand of Pharaoh', 'A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '13', 'ano2', 'translate-symaction', 'וַ\u2060יֵּ֥שֶׁב מֹשֶׁ֖ה לִ\u2060שְׁפֹּ֣ט', '1', 'the hand of the Egyptians…the hand of Pharaoh', 'Sitting was symbolic of having a position of authority. Alternate translation: “Moses sat down as a judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '13', 'wzea', '', 'מִן־הַ\u2060בֹּ֖קֶר עַד־הָ\u2060עָֽרֶב', '1', 'the hand of the Egyptians…the hand of Pharaoh', '“all day”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '14', 'bax5', 'figs-rquestion', 'מָֽה־הַ\u2060דָּבָ֤ר הַ\u2060זֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתָּ֤ה עֹשֶׂה֙ לָ\u2060עָ֔ם', '1', 'What is this that you are doing with the people?', 'Jethro uses this question to show Moses that what he was doing was not good. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not be doing all of this for the people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '14', 'b5wj', 'figs-rquestion', 'מַדּ֗וּעַ אַתָּ֤ה יוֹשֵׁב֙ לְ\u2060בַדֶּ֔\u2060ךָ וְ\u2060כָל־הָ\u2060עָ֛ם נִצָּ֥ב עָלֶ֖י\u2060ךָ מִן־בֹּ֥קֶר עַד־עָֽרֶב', '1', 'Why is it that you sit alone…from morning until evening?', 'Jethro used this question to show Moses that he was doing too much. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not sit alone, and all the people position themselves next to you from morning till evening!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '14', 'cfd1', 'figs-metonymy', 'אַתָּ֤ה יוֹשֵׁב֙ לְ\u2060בַדֶּ֔\u2060ךָ', '1', 'you sit alone', 'The word **sit** here is a metonym for “judge.” Judges would sit while they listened to people’s complaints. Alternate translation: “do you judge alone” or “are you the only one who judges the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '14', 'tiqs', 'figs-explicit', 'נִצָּ֥ב עָלֶ֖י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'you sit alone', 'The people came to be near Moses so that they could get a chance for him to hear their petitions. You could state that explicitly if it would be more clear. Alternate translation: “petition you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '18', 'jtd2', '', 'נָבֹ֣ל תִּבֹּ֔ל', '1', 'You will surely wear yourselves out', '“You will surely make yourself very tired”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '18', 'h91b', 'figs-metaphor', 'כָבֵ֤ד מִמְּ\u2060ךָ֙', '1', 'This burden is too heavy for you', 'Jethro speaks of the hard work that Moses is doing as if it were a physical burden that Moses was carrying. Alternate translation: “is too hard for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '19', 'pug7', '', 'אִיעָ֣צְ\u2060ךָ֔', '1', 'you advice', '“I will guide you” or “I will instruct you”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '19', 'v8i9', 'figs-metaphor', 'וִ\u2060יהִ֥י אֱלֹהִ֖ים עִמָּ֑\u2060ךְ', '1', 'God will be with you', 'Jethro speaks of God helping Moses as if God would be with Moses. Alternate translation: “God will help you” or “God will give you wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '19', 'w4r8', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060הֵבֵאתָ֥ אַתָּ֛ה אֶת־הַ\u2060דְּבָרִ֖ים אֶל־הָ\u2060אֱלֹהִֽים', '1', 'you bring their disputes to him', 'Jethro speaks of Moses telling God about their disputes as if they were something that Moses was bringing to God. Alternate translation: “and you tell God about their disputes” or and “you tell God what they are arguing about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '20', 'w3vf', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060הוֹדַעְתָּ֣ לָ\u2060הֶ֗ם אֶת־הַ\u2060דֶּ֨רֶךְ֙ יֵ֣לְכוּ בָ֔\u2060הּ', '1', 'You must show them the way to walk', 'Jethro speaks of living or behaving like walking. Alternate translation: “You must show them how to live” or “You must show them how to behave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '21', 'p5ap', '', 'וְ\u2060אַתָּ֣ה תֶחֱזֶ֣ה', '1', 'Furthermore, you must choose', '“As for you, search out” or “You must also search out”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '21', 'n936', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060שַׂמְתָּ֣ עֲלֵ\u2060הֶ֗ם', '1', 'You must put them over people', 'Jethro speaks of giving them authority over people as putting them over people. Alternate translation: “You must give them authority over people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '21', 'xprc', 'writing-pronouns', 'וְ\u2060שַׂמְתָּ֣ עֲלֵ\u2060הֶ֗ם', '1', 'You must put them over people', 'Here, **them** refers to the Israelites. Moses is placing the good men in charge of groups of Israelites. Alternate translation: “And you must appoint these men over the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '21', 'd2hv', 'translate-numbers', 'שָׂרֵ֤י אֲלָפִים֙ שָׂרֵ֣י מֵא֔וֹת שָׂרֵ֥י חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים וְ\u2060שָׂרֵ֥י עֲשָׂרֹֽת', '1', 'leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and of tens', 'Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people” or (2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '22', 'y5n2', 'figs-metaphor', 'כָּל־הַ\u2060דָּבָ֤ר הַ\u2060גָּדֹל֙ יָבִ֣יאוּ אֵלֶ֔י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'the difficult cases they will bring to you', 'Jethro speaks of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. Alternate translation: “the difficult cases they will tell you about” or “when there are difficult cases, they will tell you about them so you can judge them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '22', 'vnvh', '', 'וְ\u2060הָקֵל֙ מֵֽ\u2060עָלֶ֔י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'the difficult cases they will bring to you', 'This is a command. Alternate translation: “Make your work less” or “Lessen your work”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '22', 'u42p', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060הָקֵל֙ מֵֽ\u2060עָלֶ֔י\u2060ךָ וְ\u2060נָשְׂא֖וּ אִתָּֽ\u2060ךְ', '1', 'they will carry the burden with you', 'Jethro speaks of the hard work that they would do as if it were something that they would carry and make lighter for Moses by helping him. Alternate translation: “Lessen your work by having them do the hard work with you” or “Make your work easier by having them help you do the hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '23', 'wyq4', '', 'וְ\u2060יָֽכָלְתָּ֖ עֲמֹ֑ד', '1', 'endure', '“then you will not wear yourself out”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '23', 'bt5p', '', 'כָּל־הָ\u2060עָ֣ם הַ\u2060זֶּ֔ה עַל־מְקֹמ֖\u2060וֹ יָבֹ֥א בְ\u2060שָׁלֽוֹם', '1', 'endure', 'Here, getting **to their place** could mean each person’s home tent or it could mean the whole group gets to the promised land. If you cannot leave it ambiguous it would be best to indicate something like “harmony in the camp.” Alternate translation: “all these people will live in harmony”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '25', 'n2ws', 'figs-metaphor', 'רָאשִׁ֖ים עַל־הָ\u2060עָ֑ם', '1', 'heads over the people', 'Moses writes of the leaders of people as if they were the head of a body. Alternate translation: “leaders over the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '25', 'tb18', 'figs-explicit', 'אַנְשֵׁי־חַ֨יִל֙', '1', 'capable men', 'What sort of ability they had can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “men who were able to lead” or “men who were able to judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '25', 'iqn8', 'translate-numbers', 'שָׂרֵ֤י אֲלָפִים֙ שָׂרֵ֣י מֵא֔וֹת שָׂרֵ֥י חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים וְ\u2060שָׂרֵ֥י עֲשָׂרֹֽת', '1', 'leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens', 'Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people” or (2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups” See how you translated this in [Exodus 18:21](../18/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '26', 'abx4', '', 'וְ\u2060שָׁפְט֥וּ אֶת־הָ\u2060עָ֖ם בְּ\u2060כָל־עֵ֑ת', '1', 'judged the people in normal circumstances', '“They judged the people most of the time” or “They judged the people in all regular circumstances”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '26', 'z7j4', 'figs-metaphor', 'אֶת־הַ\u2060דָּבָ֤ר הַ\u2060קָּשֶׁה֙ יְבִיא֣וּ\u2060ן אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה', '1', 'The difficult cases they brought to Moses', 'The author writes of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. Alternate translation: “They told Moses about the difficult cases” or “When there were difficult cases, they told Moses about them so that he would judge them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '18', '26', 've8h', '', 'הַ\u2060דָּבָ֥ר הַ\u2060קָּטֹ֖ן', '1', 'the small cases', '“easy case”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', 'intro', 'ck7e', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 19 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### “A kingdom of priests”
The function of the priests was to intercede for the people. The Levites were the only priests in Israel; this is a metaphor indicating that the nation was to intercede for the world as a whole. They were also to be holy, or set apart, from the rest of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
### Revealing the Law
The events of this chapter are concerned with preparing the people to receive the law of Moses. The people go through all of this to prepare themselves for the law, which shows the great importance of this event for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
### Boundaries between Yahweh and the people
Moses is told to make the people holy in preparation for meeting Yahweh, then boundaries are set up to keep the people separate from Yahweh, then the priests are told to make themselves holy. The theme of a holy separation is beginning to be developed that will become much of the law code.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '1', 'r5tj', 'translate-hebrewmonths', 'בַּ\u2060חֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ הַ\u2060שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י…בַּ\u2060יּ֣וֹם הַ\u2060זֶּ֔ה', '1', 'In the third month…on the same day', 'This means they arrived at the wilderness on the first day of the month just as they left Egypt on the first day of the month. The first day of the third month on the Hebrew calendar is near the middle of May on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “In the third month…on the first day of the month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '2', 'nk51', 'translate-names', 'מֵ\u2060רְפִידִ֗ים', '1', 'Rephidim', '**Rephidim** is an area on the edge of the wilderness of Sinai where the people of Israel had been camping. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 17:1](../17/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '3', 'kgev', 'figs-parallelism', 'תֹאמַר֙ לְ\u2060בֵ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְ\u2060תַגֵּ֖יד לִ\u2060בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל', '1', 'the house of Jacob, the people of Israel', 'These two phrases have exactly the same meaning. This may be for poetic effect as Yahweh’s statement here through [verse 6](../19/06.md) is somewhat artfully crafted. You may need to use a strategy other than parallelism to achieve a similar poetic effect in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '4', 'z9i6', 'figs-you', 'אַתֶּ֣ם רְאִיתֶ֔ם', '1', 'You have seen', 'The word **you** here refers to the Israelites. Yahweh is telling Moses what to tell the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '4', 'l1do', 'figs-quotemarks', '', '0', 'You have seen', 'A second-level direct quotation begins with this verse and continues until the middle of [verse 6](../19/06.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '4', 'b7ph', 'figs-metaphor', 'וָ\u2060אֶשָּׂ֤א אֶתְ\u2060כֶם֙ עַל־כַּנְפֵ֣י נְשָׁרִ֔ים', '1', 'I carried you on eagles’ wings', 'God speaks of caring for his people while they traveled as if he were an eagle and carried them on his wings. Alternate translation: “I helped you travel like an eagle that carries her babies on her wings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '5', 'c767', 'figs-metonymy', 'בְּ\u2060קֹלִ֔\u2060י', '1', 'my voice', 'God’s voice represents what he says. Alternate translation: “to what I say” or “to my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '5', 'fh8e', '', 'וּ\u2060שְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֑\u2060י', '1', 'keep my covenant', '“and do what my covenant requires you to do”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '5', 'ifv6', '', 'סְגֻלָּה֙', '1', 'special possession', '“treasure”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '6', 'gm9s', 'figs-metaphor', 'לִ֛\u2060י מַמְלֶ֥כֶת כֹּהֲנִ֖ים', '1', 'a kingdom of priests', 'God speaks of his people as if they were priests. Alternate translation: “my kingdom of people who are like priests” or “my kingdom of people who do what priests do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '7', 'c5tq', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060יָּ֣שֶׂם לִ\u2060פְנֵי\u2060הֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַ\u2060דְּבָרִ֣ים', '1', 'set before them all these words', 'The author writes of Moses telling people things as if he were setting the words before them. Alternate translation: “And he told them all these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '7', 'xjbb', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵי\u2060הֶ֗ם', '1', 'set before them all these words', '**Face** means the person. Alternate translation: “before them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '7', 'zqk1', '', 'כָּל־הַ\u2060דְּבָרִ֣ים הָ\u2060אֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖\u2060הוּ יְהוָֽה', '1', 'all these words that Yahweh had commanded him', '“all that Yahweh had commanded him”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '8', 'ljf5', 'figs-explicit', 'וַ\u2060יָּ֧שֶׁב מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הָ\u2060עָ֖ם', '1', 'Moses came to report', 'Where Moses went can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Moses went back up the mountain to report the words of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '8', 'rwx6', 'figs-metonymy', 'אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הָ\u2060עָ֖ם', '1', 'the people’s words', '**Words** refers to what the people said. Alternate translation: “what the people said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '9', 'ih2h', 'figs-metonymy', 'אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הָ\u2060עָ֖ם', '1', 'the people’s words', '**Words** refers to what the people said. Alternate translation: “what the people said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '10', 'ie7y', '', 'וְ\u2060קִדַּשְׁתָּ֥\u2060ם', '1', 'you must set them apart to me', 'This may mean instruct the people, or it may mean Moses will have a role as well. Alternate translation: “and tell them to dedicate themselves to me” or “and help them to purify themselves for me”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '11', 'tdg9', 'figs-metonymy', 'לְ\u2060עֵינֵ֥י', '1', 'Be ready', '**Before the eyes** means “so they can see.” Alternate translation: see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '12', 'd48p', '', 'וְ\u2060הִגְבַּלְתָּ֤', '1', 'set boundaries', 'The **boundary** was either a mark or some kind of barrier.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '12', 'hhv5', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'לֵ\u2060אמֹ֔ר הִשָּׁמְר֥וּ לָ\u2060כֶ֛ם', '1', 'set boundaries', 'A second-level direct quotation begins with **watch**. It is not clear where this command that Moses is to give the Israelites ends. Most English translations end it in [verse 13](../19/13.md) before the last sentence. For that reason, it may be most helpful to translate the instruction as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “telling them to watch themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '12', 'xct0', '', 'הִשָּׁמְר֥וּ לָ\u2060כֶ֛ם עֲל֥וֹת בָּ\u2060הָ֖ר וּ\u2060נְגֹ֣עַ בְּ\u2060קָצֵ֑\u2060הוּ', '1', 'set boundaries', 'Here, the negative command is implied from the **watch yourselves** command. Alternate translation: “Watch yourselves against climbing on the mountain or touching on its edge”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '12', 'kis1', 'figs-activepassive', 'כָּל־הַ\u2060נֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּ\u2060הָ֖ר מ֥וֹת', '1', 'Whoever touches the mountain will surely be put to death', 'This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “You must surely put to death any person who touches the mountain” or “You must surely kill anyone who touches the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '13', 'l9ak', 'figs-metonymy', 'בּ֜\u2060וֹ', '1', 'such a person', 'Here, **hand** is a metonym for any part of a person. Alternate translation: “a person who does that” or “a person who touches the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '13', 'k35k', 'figs-activepassive', 'סָק֤וֹל יִסָּקֵל֙ אוֹ־יָרֹ֣ה יִיָּרֶ֔ה', '1', 'he must certainly be stoned or shot', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly stone or shoot him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '13', 'vw19', '', 'יָרֹ֣ה יִיָּרֶ֔ה', '1', 'shot', 'This refers to being killed by someone who shoots arrows from a bow or stones from a slingshot.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '13', 'ezpm', 'figs-go', 'יַעֲל֥וּ', '1', 'shot', 'If you translate this with come or go, consider which would be the correct perspective for your language and the text context. Yahweh is speaking, so perhaps it would be best to say “come up,” however the people will be the ones moving so maybe it should be “go up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '15', 'bw2p', 'figs-euphemism', 'אַֽל־תִּגְּשׁ֖וּ אֶל־אִשָּֽׁה', '1', 'do not go near your wives', 'This is a polite way of talking about sexual relations. Alternate translation: “do not sleep with your wives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '15', 'z0aq', '', 'אִשָּֽׁה', '1', 'do not go near your wives', 'This word means both “woman” and “wife.” Context dictates the correct translation. Since wife would make it a narrower command, **woman** was chosen here.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '18', 'm1b5', '', 'יָרַ֥ד …יְהוָ֖ה', '1', 'Yahweh descended', '“Yahweh came down”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '18', 'a8p7', 'figs-simile', 'כְּ\u2060עֶ֣שֶׁן הַ\u2060כִּבְשָׁ֔ן', '1', 'like the smoke of a furnace', 'This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. Alternate translation: “like the smoke from a very large fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '19', 'm8ae', '', 'הוֹלֵ֖ךְ וְ\u2060חָזֵ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד', '1', 'grew louder and louder', '“continued to become louder and louder”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '19', 'f5e6', 'figs-metonymy', 'בְ\u2060קֽוֹל', '1', 'in a voice', 'The word **voice** here refers to a sound that God made. Possible meanings are (1) “by speaking loudly like thunder” or (2) “by speaking” or (3) “by causing thunder to sound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '20', 'zx5p', 'figs-go', 'וַ\u2060יֵּ֧רֶד…וַ\u2060יַּ֥עַל', '1', 'in a voice', 'You may need to consider your language’s rules for perspective regarding going or coming up or down in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '21', 'd2qm', 'figs-metaphor', 'פֶּן־יֶהֶרְס֤וּ', '1', 'not to break through', 'God spoke about walking past the boundary as if they might break down a barrier and walk through it. See how you translated “set bounds” in [Exodus 19:12](../19/12.md). Alternate translation: “not to go beyond the boundary” or “not to go through the barrier” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '21', 'oht2', 'figs-euphemism', 'וְ\u2060נָפַ֥ל', '1', 'not to break through', '**Fall** is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '22', 'pq8j', 'figs-metaphor', 'יִפְרֹ֥ץ בָּ\u2060הֶ֖ם יְהוָֽה', '1', 'not to break through', 'Yahweh’s anger and judgement are pictured as something that will burst through a boundary. Alternate translation: “Yahweh kills them in anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '23', 'gagp', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'בָּ֨\u2060נוּ֙ לֵ\u2060אמֹ֔ר הַגְבֵּ֥ל אֶת־הָ\u2060הָ֖ר וְ\u2060קִדַּשְׁתּֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'not to break through', 'This quoted command could be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “us to set boundaries on the mountain to keep it separate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '24', 'w8lx', '', 'לֶךְ־רֵ֔ד', '1', 'get down', '“go down”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '24', 'bk6p', 'figs-metaphor', 'אַל־יֶֽהֶרְס֛וּ', '1', 'break through the barrier', 'God spoke about walking past the boundary as if they might break down a barrier and walk through it. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 19:21](../19/21.md). Alternate translation: “must not go beyond the boundary” or “must not go through the barrier” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '19', '24', 'p1yq', 'figs-metaphor', 'יִפְרָץ־בָּֽ\u2060ם', '1', 'break through the barrier', 'Yahweh’s anger and judgement are pictured as something that will burst through a boundary. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 19:22](../19/22.md). Alternate translation: “he kill them in anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', 'intro', 'x7vt', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 20 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The instructions recorded in this chapter are commonly known as the “ten commandments.”
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Covenant
Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness is now based on the covenant he made with Abraham as well as the covenant he is making with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
### Form of you
The singular form of you is used in the commandments, however, the commandments applied to the whole Israelite community. There is both a singular and a corporate aspect to them. You may need to choose between singular and plural if you language makes that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '2', 'qg71', 'figs-metaphor', 'מִ\u2060בֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִֽים', '1', 'house of slavery', 'Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:3](../13/03.md). Alternate translation: “from the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '3', 'r9h3', '', 'לֹֽ֣א יִהְיֶֽה־לְ\u2060ךָ֛ אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים עַל־פָּנָֽ\u2060יַ', '1', 'You must have no other gods before me', '“You must not worship any other gods besides me”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '4', 's7n3', 'figs-merisms', 'וְ\u2060כָל־תְּמוּנָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּ\u2060שָּׁמַ֨יִם֙ מִ\u2060מַּ֔עַל וַ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּ\u2060אָ֖רֶץ מִ\u2060תָּ֑חַת וַ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּ\u2060מַּ֖יִם מִ\u2060תַּ֥חַת לָ\u2060אָֽרֶץ', '1', 'nor the likeness', 'This list means, all created things wherever they are. Alternate translation: “nor anything that looks like anything created whether that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merisms]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '4', 'rkn1', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'וְ\u2060כָל־תְּמוּנָ֔ה', '1', 'nor the likeness', '“nor anything looking like something” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '5', 'ka3i', 'writing-pronouns', 'לָ\u2060הֶ֖ם', '1', 'You must not bow down to them or worship them', 'The word **them** refers to carved figures or idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '5', 's2ia', 'translate-ordinal', 'עַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֥ים וְ\u2060עַל־רִבֵּעִ֖ים', '1', 'to the third and the fourth generation', '“to generations 3 and 4.” This refers to the grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Alternate translation: “even on the grandchildren and great-grandchildren (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '5', 'hx93', 'figs-ellipsis', 'בָּנִ֛ים עַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֥ים וְ\u2060עַל־רִבֵּעִ֖ים', '1', 'to the third and the fourth generation', '“Generation” is implied by **sons**. Alternate translation: “the sons down to the third and fourth generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '6', 'u9nc', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'חֶ֖סֶד', '1', 'I show covenant faithfulness to thousands of those who love me', 'The abstract noun **faithfulness** can be stated as “faithfully” or “faithful.” Alternate translation: “I am faithful to the covenant with thousands of those who love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '6', 'oyh7', 'figs-ellipsis', 'לַ\u2060אֲלָפִ֑ים', '1', 'to the third and the fourth generation', '“Generation” is implied by the previous verse. However, this may not be the case, therefore two notes following deal with either possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '6', 'k52w', '', 'לַ\u2060אֲלָפִ֑ים', '1', 'to the third and the fourth generation', '“to the thousandth generation” or “for a thousand generations”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '6', 'xp5k', 'figs-hyperbole', 'לַ\u2060אֲלָפִ֑ים', '1', 'to the third and the fourth generation', 'Option 1: This large number is used to mean “forever” or “to all descendants forever.” Alternate translation: “for every generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '6', 'yw38', 'figs-metonymy', 'לַ\u2060אֲלָפִ֑ים לְ\u2060אֹהֲבַ֖\u2060י', '1', 'to thousands of those who love me', 'Option 2: The word **thousands** is a metonym for a number too many to count. Alternate translation: “forever to innumerable people who love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '7', 'o96b', '', 'תִשָּׂ֛א …יִשָּׂ֥א', '1', 'take the name of Yahweh your God', 'To **lift up**, take, or use the name of Yahweh (with emptiness, i.e. improperly) covers many sorts of speaking or invoking his name, or making a claim to him, or attempting to manipulate him, or misrepresenting him. A broad word should be used in translation of this term.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '7', 't3k2', '', 'לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֛א אֶת־שֵֽׁם־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'take the name of Yahweh your God', '“You must not use the name of Yahweh your God”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '7', 'gcz2', '', 'לַ\u2060שָּׁ֑וְא …לַ\u2060שָּֽׁוְא', '1', 'in vain', '“carelessly” or “without proper respect”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '7', 'sl6g', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙', '1', 'I will not hold guiltless', 'This double-negative can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “I will certainly consider guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '8', 'kwn7', '', 'לְ\u2060קַדְּשֽׁ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'set it apart', '“to make it holy to me” or “to consecrate it to me”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '9', 'sad1', '', 'מְלַאכְתֶּֽ\u2060ךָ', '1', 'do all your work', '“your occupation” or “your livelihood”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '10', 't1ky', 'figs-metonymy', 'בִּ\u2060שְׁעָרֶֽי\u2060ךָ', '1', 'within your gates', 'Cities often had walls around them to keep out enemies, and gates for people to go in and out. Alternate translation: “within your community” or “inside your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '11', 'vw1f', 'translate-ordinal', 'בַּ\u2060יּ֣וֹם הַ\u2060שְּׁבִיעִ֑י', '1', 'on the seventh day', '“on day seven.” Here “seventh” is the ordinal number for “7.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '14', 'wyv9', '', 'לֹ֖א תִּנְאָֽף', '1', 'You must not commit adultery', '“You must not have sex with anyone other than your spouse”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '16', 'zix8', '', 'לֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְ\u2060רֵעֲ\u2060ךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁקֶר', '1', 'must not give false testimony', '“You must not speak a false report against your neighbor”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '17', 'vt9t', '', 'לֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ד', '1', 'must not covet', '“You must not strongly want to have” or “You must not want to take”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '18', 'nm52', '', 'הָ\u2060הָ֖ר עָשֵׁ֑ן', '1', 'the mountain smoking', '“the smoky mountain”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '18', 'lmt5', '', 'וַ\u2060יָּנֻ֔עוּ', '1', 'they trembled', '“they shook with fear”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '18', 'h53m', '', 'וַ\u2060יַּֽעַמְד֖וּ מֵֽ\u2060רָחֹֽק', '1', 'stood far off', '“stood far away”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '20', 'slb8', '', 'וּ\u2060בַ\u2060עֲב֗וּר תִּהְיֶ֧ה יִרְאָת֛\u2060וֹ עַל־פְּנֵי\u2060כֶ֖ם לְ\u2060בִלְתִּ֥י תֶחֱטָֽאוּ', '1', 'so that the honor of him may be in you, and so that you do not sin', '“so that you will honor him and not sin”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '20', 'hocw', 'figs-metaphor', 'תִּהְיֶ֧ה יִרְאָת֛\u2060וֹ עַל־פְּנֵי\u2060כֶ֖ם', '1', 'so that the honor of him may be in you, and so that you do not sin', 'Here, **fear** is spoken of as something that could be on their faces. It may mean they would have such a fear that their attitude could be seen on their faces. Alternate translation: “reverence for him will show on your faces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '21', 'lts1', '', 'וּ\u2060מֹשֶׁה֙ נִגַּ֣שׁ', '1', 'Moses approached', '“and Moses went closer to”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '22', 'ayom', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אַתֶּ֣ם רְאִיתֶ֔ם', '1', 'Moses approached', 'A second-level direct quotation begins here that continues until the [end of the chapter](../20/26.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '23', 'qm44', '', 'אֱלֹ֤הֵי כֶ֨סֶף֙ וֵ\u2060אלֹהֵ֣י זָהָ֔ב', '1', 'gods of silver or gods of gold', '“gods made out of silver or gold” or “idols made out of silver or gold”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '24', 'pf1i', '', 'מִזְבַּ֣ח אֲדָמָה֮', '1', 'earthen altar', 'An altar made of materials from the ground, such as stone, soil, or clay.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '24', 'ge89', 'figs-metonymy', 'אַזְכִּ֣יר אֶת־שְׁמִ֔\u2060י', '1', 'cause my name to be honored', 'Here, **name** is a metonym for God’s being. Alternate translation: “I cause myself to be remembered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '24', 'zmc4', 'figs-activepassive', 'אַזְכִּ֣יר אֶת־שְׁמִ֔\u2060י', '1', 'cause my name to be honored', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “choose for you to remember me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '26', 'qm1b', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060לֹֽא־תַעֲלֶ֥ה בְ\u2060מַעֲלֹ֖ת עַֽל־מִזְבְּחִ֑\u2060י', '1', 'You must not go up to my altar on steps', 'If you need to connect this statement more explicitly to the previous statements regarding building the alter you could add a phrase about building steps. Alternate translation: “Do not build steps up to the altar and go up to it on those steps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '26', 'e28y', 'figs-activepassive', 'אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־תִגָּלֶ֥ה עֶרְוָתְ\u2060ךָ֖ עָלָֽי\u2060ו', '1', 'You must not go up to my altar on steps', 'This could be stated in an active manner. Alternate translation: “so that you do not expose your nakedness over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '20', '26', 'h2qd', '', 'עֶרְוָתְ\u2060ךָ֖', '1', 'your nakedness', '“your private parts”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', 'intro', 'dnd3', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 21 General Notes
This chapter begins to give the Israelite civil case law, that is, the explanation of how to apply the principles condensed in the ten commandments.
## Structure:
- 1: Introduction
- 2-6: Laws regarding male slaves
- 7-11: Laws regarding female slaves
- 12-17: Capital crimes
- 18-36: Liability laws
- 18-27: Regarding human violence
- 28-36: Regarding damage done by or to animals
## Translation issues in this chapter
### Hypothetical situations
Throughout the case law a hypothetical situation is introduced with “when” or “if,” then there is a description of the situation, then there is the penalty or action to be taken in those situations. A hypothetical person may be introduced with “anyone” or “whoever.” Most verses for the next several chapters will have these hypothetical situations. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]] Translators familiar with Hebrew may want to notice that, generally, major divisions are introduced by כִּי (ki) and minor divisions within a topic are introduced by אִם (’im).
### Passive construction
Many portions of these situations are written in the passive voice. Some languages may have to change all or some of these to active voice. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]].
### Daughters sold as servants
The section from [verses 7-11](../21/07.md) may be some what confusing because a daughter that is sold as a servant is seamlessly connected to her becoming someone’s wife.
### Ransom payment
In [verse 30](../21/30.md) a man whose bull killed someone may evade the death penalty by paying a ransom price, but the conditions for that happening are not clear.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '1', 'xxf4', '', '', '0', 'you must set before them', 'Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. There is no quote break between chapters.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '1', 'hhf7', '', 'תָּשִׂ֖ים', '1', 'you must set before them', '“you must give” or “you must tell”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '1', 'ddql', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵי\u2060הֶֽם', '1', 'you must set before them', 'Here, **faces** figuratively represents the presence of the nation. Alternate translation: “before them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '2', 'di5z', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Yahweh tells Moses his laws for the people of Israel.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '2', 'wj0e', 'grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical', 'כִּ֤י תִקְנֶה֙ עֶ֣בֶד עִבְרִ֔י', '1', 'General Information:', 'This is the first of many hypothetical situations, introduced by “when” or **if,** which you will encounter over the next several chapters. See the [introduction to chapter 21](../21/intro.md). You will need to translate these consistently in a manner that expresses that these situations have not happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '3', 'ln3r', 'figs-explicit', 'אִם־בְּ\u2060גַפּ֥\u2060וֹ יָבֹ֖א בְּ\u2060גַפּ֣\u2060וֹ יֵצֵ֑א', '1', 'If he came by himself, he must go free by himself', 'What “by himself” means can be stated clearly. Some languages require that the additional condition, that he marries while a slave, be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “If he became a slave while he had no wife, and if he marries while he is a slave, the master need only free the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '3', 'pfn3', '', 'בְּ\u2060גַפּ֥\u2060וֹ …בְּ\u2060גַפּ֣\u2060וֹ', '1', 'by himself', '“alone” or “without a wife”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '3', 'e467', '', 'אִם־בַּ֤עַל אִשָּׁה֙ ה֔וּא', '1', 'if he is married', '“if he was married when he became a slave” or “if he came as a married man”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '5', 'yj8x', '', 'אָמֹ֤ר יֹאמַר֙', '1', 'plainly says', '“makes a statement”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '5', 'jqh4', '', 'לֹ֥א אֵצֵ֖א חָפְשִֽׁי', '1', 'I will not go out free', '“I do not want my master to set me free”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '6', 'vnjk', 'figs-metonymy', 'הָ֣\u2060אֱלֹהִ֔ים', '1', 'bore his ear through', 'The word for **God** at its most literal means “great ones.” Here it may have this basic meaning and refer to human judges or other leaders in Israel. It may also be a metonym and refer to the judges because they represent God to the people and have his authority. Texts other than the standard Hebrew text support this reading. See [Exodus 22:8-9](../22/08.md) for another example of this. Alternate translation: “the judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '6', 'z8x1', '', 'וְ\u2060רָצַ֨ע … אֶת־אָזְנ\u2060וֹ֙', '1', 'bore his ear through', '“will put a hole in his ear”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '6', 'xpd3', '', 'בַּ\u2060מַּרְצֵ֔עַ', '1', 'awl', 'a pointed tool used to make a hole']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '6', 'k6ev', '', 'לְ\u2060עֹלָֽם', '1', 'for life', '“until the end of his life” or “until he dies”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '8', 'lpqh', '', '', '0', 'has designated', 'This verse is the first of three possible situations between a master and his female slave.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '8', 'p8se', '', 'יְעָדָ֖\u2060הּ', '1', 'has designated', '“has chosen”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '8', 't2zf', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060הֶפְדָּ֑\u2060הּ', '1', 'he must let her be bought back', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he must allow her father to buy her back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '8', 'h7f7', '', 'בְּ\u2060בִגְד\u2060וֹ־בָֽ\u2060הּ', '1', 'he has treated her deceitfully', '“since he has deceived her”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '9', 'h9ni', '', '', '0', 'he has treated her deceitfully', 'This verse is the second of three possible situations between a master and his female slave.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '9', 'w99z', '', 'לִ\u2060בְנ֖\u2060וֹ יִֽיעָדֶ֑\u2060נָּה', '1', 'designates her as a wife for his son', '“he decides that she is the one who will be his son’s wife”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '9', 'suz0', '', 'כְּ\u2060מִשְׁפַּ֥ט הַ\u2060בָּנ֖וֹת יַעֲשֶׂה־לָּֽ\u2060הּ', '1', 'designates her as a wife for his son', '“he must do to her according to the manner that daughters are customarily treated”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '10', 'i0xh', '', '', '0', 'designates her as a wife for his son', 'This verse and the next are the third of three possible situations between a master and his female slave.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '10', 'rxk4', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'שְׁאֵרָ֛\u2060הּ כְּסוּתָ֥\u2060הּ וְ\u2060עֹנָתָ֖\u2060הּ לֹ֥א יִגְרָֽע', '1', 'he must not diminish her food, clothing, or her marital rights', 'This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “he must give the first wife the same food, clothing, and marital rights she had before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '10', 'np9b', 'figs-euphemism', 'וְ\u2060עֹנָתָ֖\u2060הּ', '1', 'or her marital rights', 'This term only occurs here in the Bible. It probably means things that a husband must do for his wife. Most commentators believe it specifically means having sexual relations with her, possibly so that she can bear children. Alternate translation: “or her right to intimacy” or “or her childbearing rights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '12', 'gks4', '', 'מַכֵּ֥ה אִ֛ישׁ', '1', 'strikes a man', '“Whoever attacks a man”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '12', 'su6b', 'figs-activepassive', 'מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת', '1', 'that person must surely be put to death', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly execute that person” or “you must certainly kill that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '13', 'h4ka', '', 'וַ\u2060אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א צָדָ֔ה', '1', 'did not do it with premeditation', '“but if he did not plan to do it” or “but if he did not do it on purpose”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '13', 'gme9', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060שַׂמְתִּ֤י לְ\u2060ךָ֙ מָק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָנ֖וּס שָֽׁמָּ\u2060ה', '1', 'I will fix a place to where he can flee', 'The purpose of choosing a place can be stately clearly here. Alternate translation: “I will choose a place that he can run away to be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '14', 'st5h', '', 'בְ\u2060עָרְמָ֑ה', '1', 'according to a cunning plan', '“after thinking carefully about it”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '14', 'abx6', '', 'תִּקָּחֶ֖\u2060נּוּ', '1', 'must take him', 'The word “him” refers to the one who killed his neighbor.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '14', 'mvpx', '', 'לָ\u2060מֽוּת', '1', 'must take him', '“to execute him”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '15', 'y3hd', 'figs-activepassive', 'וּ\u2060מַכֵּ֥ה אָבִ֛י\u2060ו וְ\u2060אִמּ֖\u2060וֹ מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת', '1', 'Whoever hits his father or mother must surely be put to death', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If anyone hits his father or mother, you must surely put him to death” or “You must surely kill anyone who hits his father or mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '15', 'qh2j', '', 'מ֥וֹת', '1', 'must surely', '“must certainly”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '16', 'iu81', 'figs-activepassive', 'מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת', '1', 'that kidnapper must be put to death', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill that kidnapper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '17', 'h8qf', 'figs-activepassive', 'וּ\u2060מְקַלֵּ֥ל אָבִ֛י\u2060ו וְ\u2060אִמּ֖\u2060וֹ מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת', '1', 'Whoever curses his father or his mother must surely be put to death', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must surely kill anyone who curses his father or his mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '17', 'kvbc', '', 'וּ\u2060מְקַלֵּ֥ל', '1', 'Whoever curses his father or his mother must surely be put to death', 'The word translated **acts contemptuously** means the opposite of “honor” (as in the commandment to honor one’s parents). Alternate translation: “Whoever acts dishonorably towards”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '19', 'c7rv', '', 'יָק֞וּם', '1', 'he recovers', '“he gets better”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '19', 'tv0z', '', 'וְ\u2060נִקָּ֣ה', '1', 'he recovers', '“then … is innocent”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '19', 'xg6c', 'figs-explicit', 'שִׁבְתּ֛\u2060וֹ', '1', 'the loss of his time', 'This refers to a situation when someone cannot work to earn money. You can express this clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “for the time he could not work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '19', 'ws14', '', 'וְ\u2060רַפֹּ֥א יְרַפֵּֽא', '1', 'pay for his complete recovery', '“and for his medical costs” or “and for his costs for healing”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '20', 'te41', '', 'תַּ֣חַת יָד֑\u2060וֹ', '1', 'as a result of the blow', '“because of the injury” or “because his master hit him”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '20', 'h4eg', 'figs-activepassive', 'נָקֹ֖ם יִנָּקֵֽם', '1', 'that man must surely be punished', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly punish that man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '21', 'r65u', 'figs-explicit', 'כִּ֥י כַסְפּ֖\u2060וֹ הֽוּא', '1', 'for he will have suffered the loss of the servant', 'A common view is that the loss of the valuable property, the slave, is itself a punishment. It may be that the master loses the slave for a time and also has to pay for his healing, or it may be that the slave dies after a few days. You can express clearly in the translation that the servant was valuable to his master. Alternate translation: “because he has already lost his servant who was valuable to him” or “because he has already lost his servant’s work for a time and had to pay for his healing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '22', 'a6av', '', 'וְ\u2060יָצְא֣וּ יְלָדֶ֔י\u2060הָ וְ\u2060לֹ֥א יִהְיֶ֖ה אָס֑וֹן', '1', 'she miscarries', 'It is not clear in the passage what happens to the child. The text is simply as in the ULT. Some have taken it to mean that the child dies because of premature birth and the **serious injury** only relates to the woman. In this case, a fine is imposed for the loss of the child. However, the text could also mean that the child is born at least mostly safely. A fine is still imposed because of the great danger to the two lives. Then the next few verses give consequences for any injury either to mother or child.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '22', 'w4p3', '', 'אָס֑וֹן', '1', 'she miscarries', '“hurt”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '22', 'cn4h', 'figs-activepassive', 'עָנ֣וֹשׁ יֵעָנֵ֗שׁ', '1', 'the guilty man must surely be fined', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly fine the guilty man” or “the guilty man must pay a fine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '22', 'v5ye', '', 'בִּ\u2060פְלִלִֽים', '1', 'as the judges determine', '“what the judges decide”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '23', 'ya82', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060נָתַתָּ֥ה נֶ֖פֶשׁ תַּ֥חַת נָֽפֶשׁ', '1', 'as the judges determine', 'This means that if someone is hurt, the person who caused the hurt must be hurt in the same way. Alternate translation: “you must take the killer’s life for the murdered person’s life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '24', 'c5bq', 'figs-explicit', 'עַ֚יִן תַּ֣חַת עַ֔יִן', '1', 'an eye for an eye', 'This means that if someone is hurt, the person who caused the hurt must be hurt in the same way. Alternate translation: “the striker’s eye for the injured person’s eye” (and etc throughout this and the next verse) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '26', 'i8cg', '', 'אִ֜ישׁ', '1', 'If a man', 'Here, **man** refers to the owner of a slave.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '26', 'bmc1', '', 'תַּ֥חַת', '1', 'in compensation', '“as payment for”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '28', 'sp6w', '', 'יִגַּ֨ח שׁ֥וֹר', '1', 'an ox gores', '“an ox injures with its horns”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '28', 'qk3u', 'figs-activepassive', 'סָק֨וֹל יִסָּקֵ֜ל הַ\u2060שּׁ֗וֹר', '1', 'the ox must surely be stoned', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must surely stone the ox to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '28', 'q2gv', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֤א יֵאָכֵל֙ אֶת־בְּשָׂר֔\u2060וֹ', '1', 'its flesh must not be eaten', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and you must not eat its flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '29', 'zgll', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060הוּעַ֤ד בִּ\u2060בְעָלָי\u2060ו֙', '1', 'its owner also must be put to death', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and someone warned its owner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '29', 'x2y0', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060הוּעַ֤ד בִּ\u2060בְעָלָי\u2060ו֙', '1', 'its owner also must be put to death', 'The content of the warning could be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and its owner was warned that it gores” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '29', 'nzn1', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060גַם־בְּעָלָ֖י\u2060ו יוּמָֽת', '1', 'its owner also must be put to death', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must also kill its owner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '30', 't5rs', 'figs-explicit', 'אִם־כֹּ֖פֶר יוּשַׁ֣ת עָלָ֑י\u2060ו וְ\u2060נָתַן֙ פִּדְיֹ֣ן נַפְשׁ֔\u2060וֹ כְּ\u2060כֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יוּשַׁ֖ת עָלָֽי\u2060ו', '1', 'If a payment is required for his life', 'The text does not specify who will impose a ransom on the ox’s owner. Since other texts indicate that justice is retributive and performed by the dead person’s family, that is one option. Another is that the judges will impose it. One of these can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: see UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '30', 'py37', 'figs-activepassive', 'אִם־כֹּ֖פֶר יוּשַׁ֣ת עָלָ֑י\u2060ו…יוּשַׁ֖ת עָלָֽי\u2060ו', '1', 'If a payment is required for his life', 'These statements can be made active rather than passive. However, you must make a decision regarding who is imposing the ransom, or use an unspecified pronoun if that is possible in your language (this second option would not make sense in English). Alternate translation: “If the judges impose a ransom on him … they impose on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '31', 'kg25', '', 'יִגָּ֖ח …יִגָּ֑ח', '1', 'has gored', '“it injures with its horns … it injures with its horns”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '31', 'to8k', 'writing-pronouns', 'לּֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'has gored', 'Here, **him** probably refers to the ox’s owner. Alternate translation: “to the owner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '32', 'qzv3', 'translate-bmoney', 'כֶּ֣סֶף׀ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שְׁקָלִ֗ים', '1', 'thirty shekels of silver', 'A **shekel** weighed 11 grams. Alternate translation: “330 grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '32', 'qy0g', 'figs-explicit', 'אִם־עֶ֛בֶד יִגַּ֥ח הַ\u2060שּׁ֖וֹר', '1', 'thirty shekels of silver', 'Because they are to kill the ox, the slave must have died. You can make this explicit. Alternate translation: “If an ox kills a male servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '32', 'wm9a', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060הַ\u2060שּׁ֖וֹר יִסָּקֵֽל', '1', 'the ox must be stoned', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill the ox by stoning it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '33', 'fd4p', '', 'יִפְתַּ֨ח…בּ֗וֹר', '1', 'opens a pit', '“uncovers a hole in the ground” or “takes a cover off a hole in the ground”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '34', 'b48a', 'figs-explicit', 'כֶּ֖סֶף יָשִׁ֣יב לִ\u2060בְעָלָ֑י\u2060ו', '1', 'repay the loss', 'The owner must be paid for the loss of his animal. Alternate translation: “he must pay the owner for the dead animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '34', 'ip1n', '', 'יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם', '1', 'repay the loss', '“must make restitution”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '34', 'j8qz', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060הַ\u2060מֵּ֖ת יִֽהְיֶה־לּֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'will become his', 'The one who paid for the loss of the animal will become the owner of the dead animal and can do what he wants with it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “will belong to the owner of the pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '35', 'z9ug', '', 'וְ\u2060חָצ֣וּ אֶת־כַּסְפּ֔\u2060וֹ', '1', 'divide its price', '“and divide the money” or “and divide the money they receive”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '36', 'fkx2', 'figs-activepassive', 'א֣וֹ נוֹדַ֗ע', '1', 'if it was known', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: see UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '36', 'v64b', '', 'נַגָּ֥ח הוּא֙ מִ\u2060תְּמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם', '1', 'a habit of goring in time past', '“had gored other animals before”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '36', 'ix8h', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֥א יִשְׁמְרֶ֖\u2060נּוּ בְּעָלָ֑י\u2060ו', '1', 'its owner has not kept it in', 'This means that the owner did not keep his ox safely where it could not wander to hit other animals. This can be clearly stated in the translation. Alternate translation: “and its owner did not keep it inside a fence” or “and its owner did not tie it securely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '21', '36', 'dcv2', 'figs-explicit', 'שַׁלֵּ֨ם יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שׁוֹר֙ תַּ֣חַת הַ\u2060שּׁ֔וֹר', '1', 'he must surely pay ox for ox', 'The owner of the ox that killed must give an ox to the man who lost his ox. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “the owner of the ox that killed must surely give a living ox to the owner of the ox that died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', 'intro', 'f9vb', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 22 General Notes
## Structure
This chapter continues the list of case laws for Israel. Any attempt to outline structure would have almost as many sections as there are verses.
## Translation issues in this chapter
### Hypothetical situations
Throughout the case law a hypothetical situation is introduced with “when” or “if,” then there is a description of the situation, then there is the penalty or action to be taken in those situations. A hypothetical person may be introduced with “anyone” or “whoever.” Most verses for the next several chapters will have these hypothetical situations. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]] Translators familiar with Hebrew may want to notice that, generally, major divisions are introduced by כִּי (ki) and minor divisions within a topic are introduced by אִם (’im).
### Passive construction
Many portions of these situations are written in the passive voice. Some languages may have to change all or some of these to active voice. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]].']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '1', 'syx5', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '1', 'onm0', 'grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical', 'כִּ֤י יִגְנֹֽב־אִישׁ֙ שׁ֣וֹר אוֹ־שֶׂ֔ה וּ\u2060טְבָח֖\u2060וֹ א֣וֹ מְכָר֑\u2060וֹ', '1', 'General Information:', 'This is the first of many hypothetical situations in this chapter, introduced by “when” or **if,** which you will encounter over the next several chapters. See the [introduction](../22/intro.md). You will need to translate these consistently in a manner that expresses that these situations have not happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '1', 'bc03', 'translate-numbers', 'חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה …וְ\u2060אַרְבַּע', '1', 'General Information:', '5 … 4 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '2', 'mt43', 'figs-activepassive', 'אִם־בַּ\u2060מַּחְתֶּ֛רֶת יִמָּצֵ֥א הַ\u2060גַּנָּ֖ב', '1', 'If a thief is found', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If anyone finds a thief while he is breaking in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '2', 'e98x', '', 'בַּ\u2060מַּחְתֶּ֛רֶת', '1', 'breaking in', '“while using force to come into a house”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '2', 'gt5f', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060הֻכָּ֣ה וָ\u2060מֵ֑ת', '1', 'if he is struck so that he dies', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if anyone strikes the thief so that he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '2', 'fq57', '', 'אֵ֥ין ל֖\u2060וֹ דָּמִֽים', '1', 'no guilt for murder will attach to anyone on his account', '“no one will be guilty of murdering him”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '3', 'vym5', '', 'אִם־זָרְחָ֥ה הַ\u2060שֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ עָלָ֖י\u2060ו', '1', 'if the sun has risen before he breaks in', '“if it is light before he breaks in” or “if he breaks in and it is after sunrise”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '3', 'c5yl', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060נִמְכַּ֖ר בִּ\u2060גְנֵבָתֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'he must be sold for his theft', 'This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “you must sell him as a slave in order to pay for what he stole” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '4', 'k926', 'figs-activepassive', 'אִֽם־הִמָּצֵא֩ תִמָּצֵ֨א בְ\u2060יָד֜\u2060וֹ הַ\u2060גְּנֵבָ֗ה…חַיִּ֑ים', '1', 'If the stolen animal is found alive in his possession', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If they find that he still has the live animal that he stole” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '4', 'g5kg', '', 'שְׁנַ֖יִם יְשַׁלֵּֽם', '1', 'pay back double', 'The meaning of **compensate double** is not entirely clear. Most interpretations follow the UST, that is, two animals total must be given, the stolen one and one more. Some interpret double to mean the thief must pay two animals for every animal that he took, so three total. It would be best to leave double as ambiguous as possible. Alternate translation: “he must compensate twice what he stole”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '5', 'j24t', '', 'יַבְעֶר…וּ\u2060בִעֵ֖ר', '1', 'If a man grazes his livestock', '“causes to eat plants … and it eats plants”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '5', 'nlxc', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'בְּעִיר֔וֹ', '1', 'If a man grazes his livestock', '**Livestock** is a collective singular noun that could refer to cows, goats, sheep, or basically any domesticated animals. In some languages you will need to translate it as a plural. Alternate translation: see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '5', 'jrb3', '', 'יְשַׁלֵּֽם', '1', 'he must make restitution', '“he must pay back the owner of that field”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '6', 'x6aj', 'figs-activepassive', 'כִּֽי־תֵצֵ֨א אֵ֜שׁ וּ\u2060מָצְאָ֤ה קֹצִים֙ וְ\u2060נֶאֱכַ֣ל', '1', 'If a fire breaks out and spreads in thorns', '**Breaks out** and **consumes** can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If someone starts a fire and it spreads in thorns and it consumes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '6', 'i4ma', '', 'וּ\u2060מָצְאָ֤ה קֹצִים֙', '1', 'spreads in thorns', '“and moves along the ground through dry plants”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '6', 'u1pa', 'translate-unknown', 'גָּדִ֔ישׁ', '1', 'stacked grain', 'This is grain that has been cut and tied in bundles. Alternate translation: “bundled grain” or “harvested grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '6', 'r2cf', 'translate-unknown', 'הַ\u2060קָּמָ֖ה', '1', 'standing grain', 'This is grain that has not been cut, but it is ready to be harvested. Alternate translation: “the grain still in the field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '7', 'jw3v', '', 'לִ\u2060שְׁמֹ֔ר', '1', 'for safe keeping', '“to watch over it” or “to keep it safe”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '7', 'na9h', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060גֻנַּ֖ב', '1', 'if it is stolen', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone steals it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '7', 'x2sh', 'figs-activepassive', 'אִם־יִמָּצֵ֥א הַ\u2060גַּנָּ֖ב', '1', 'if the thief is found', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if you find the thief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '8', 'lwg5', 'figs-activepassive', 'אִם־לֹ֤א יִמָּצֵא֙ הַ\u2060גַּנָּ֔ב וְ\u2060נִקְרַ֥ב בַּֽעַל־הַ\u2060בַּ֖יִת אֶל־הָֽ\u2060אֱלֹהִ֑ים', '1', 'come before the judges to see whether', 'You may need to translate these in an active voice if your language does not use passive in this way. Alternate translation: “If no one finds the thief, bring the owner of the house to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '8', 'c812', 'figs-metonymy', 'הָֽ\u2060אֱלֹהִ֑ים', '1', 'come before the judges to see whether', 'The word for **God** at its most literal means “great ones.” Here and in the [next verse](../22/09.md) it may have this basic meaning and refer to human judges or other leaders in Israel. It may also be a metonym and refer to the judges because they represent God to the people and have his authority. See [Exodus 21:6](../21/06.md) for another example of this. Alternate translation: “the judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '8', 'f774', 'figs-metonymy', 'שָׁלַ֛ח יָד֖\u2060וֹ בִּ\u2060מְלֶ֥אכֶת רֵעֵֽ\u2060הוּ', '1', 'has put his own hand on his neighbor’s property', 'This is an idiom. If you have a way of saying this in your language, you can use it here. Alternate translation: “he has stolen his neighbor’s property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) revisit']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '9', 'p7ab', '', 'דְּבַר…דְּבַר', '1', '', '“dispute”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '9', 'fgz1', '', 'כִּי־ה֣וּא זֶ֔ה', '1', 'the claim of both parties must come before the judges', '“This is mine” or “This is my missing property”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '9', 'm31k', 'figs-metonymy', 'הָֽ\u2060אֱלֹהִ֔ים …אֱלֹהִ֔ים', '1', 'the claim of both parties must come before the judges', 'The word for **God** at its most literal means “great ones.” Here and in the [previous verse](../22/08.md) it may have this basic meaning and refer to human judges or other leaders in Israel. It may also be a metonym and refer to the judges because they represent God to the people and have his authority. See [Exodus 21:6](../21/06.md) for another example of this. Alternate translation: “the judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '10', 'h7ms', 'figs-activepassive', 'נִשְׁבַּ֥ר אוֹ־נִשְׁבָּ֖ה', '1', 'the claim of both parties must come before the judges', 'These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: see UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '10', 'hzow', '', 'נִשְׁבָּ֖ה', '1', 'the claim of both parties must come before the judges', 'This means something more like a wild animal takes the ox or sheep away (to eat) than someone stealing it. See [verse 12](../22/12.md) for cases where the animal is stolen while in another’s care.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '11', 'gl7t', 'figs-activepassive', 'שְׁבֻעַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה תִּהְיֶה֙ בֵּ֣ין שְׁנֵי\u2060הֶ֔ם… וְ\u2060לָקַ֥ח בְּעָלָ֖י\u2060ו', '1', 'an oath to Yahweh must be taken by them both', 'Only the man who is accused of stealing the animal must swear the oath. The owner of the lost animal must accept the oath that has been sworn. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man who was caring for the animal must swear an oath before Yahweh … and the owner must accept that oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '12', 'yw3w', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060אִם־גָּנֹ֥ב יִגָּנֵ֖ב מֵ\u2060עִמּ֑\u2060וֹ', '1', 'But if it was stolen from him', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But if someone stole the animal from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '13', 'b313', 'figs-activepassive', 'אִם־טָרֹ֥ף יִטָּרֵ֖ף', '1', 'If an animal was torn in pieces', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But if a wild beast tore the animal in pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '14', 'h8yw', '', 'שַׁלֵּ֥ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם', '1', 'must surely make restitution', '“must certainly repay with another animal” or “must certainly pay the owner for the animal”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '14', 'wu3u', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060נִשְׁבַּ֣ר אוֹ־מֵ֑ת', '1', 'must surely make restitution', 'These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: see UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '15', 'g3zw', 'figs-activepassive', 'אִם־שָׂכִ֣יר', '1', 'if the animal was hired', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone rented the animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '15', 'r792', 'figs-explicit', 'בָּ֖א בִּ\u2060שְׂכָרֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'it will be paid for by its hiring fee', 'The one who borrowed the animal will not have to pay the owner anything more than the hiring or rental fee. This fee will pay for the loss of the animal. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “the money that someone paid to rent the animal will cover the loss of the animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '15', 'f9w9', '', 'בִּ\u2060שְׂכָרֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'hiring fee', '“for its rental fee” or “for the money paid to rent the animal”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '16', 'a8s8', '', 'וְ\u2060כִֽי־יְפַתֶּ֣ה אִ֗ישׁ בְּתוּלָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־אֹרָ֖שָׂה', '1', 'a man seduces a virgin who is not engaged', '“a man persuades a virgin who is not engaged that she wants to sleep with him”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '16', 'th2m', '', 'לֹא־אֹרָ֖שָׂה', '1', 'not engaged', '“not promised to be married”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '16', 'g24h', 'figs-euphemism', 'וְ\u2060שָׁכַ֣ב', '1', 'if he lies with her', 'Lying with someone is a euphemism for having sex. Alternate translation: “if he has sex with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '16', 'x33y', '', 'מָהֹ֛ר יִמְהָרֶ֥\u2060נָּה', '1', 'bride wealth', 'The **bride price** was money paid to the family to compensate for the loss of their daughter.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '17', 'y2xz', 'writing-pronouns', 'ל֑\u2060וֹ…יִשְׁקֹ֔ל', '1', 'him, he', 'These pronouns refer back to the man who seduced the virgin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '19', 'y3qy', 'figs-euphemism', 'כָּל־שֹׁכֵ֥ב עִם־בְּהֵמָ֖ה', '1', 'Whoever lies with an animal', 'This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Whoever has sexual relations with an animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '19', 'b807', 'figs-activepassive', 'כָּל־שֹׁכֵ֥ב עִם־בְּהֵמָ֖ה מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת', '1', 'Whoever lies with an animal', '**Be put to death** can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must surely execute whoever lies with an animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '20', 'n4nh', 'figs-activepassive', 'יָֽחֳרָ֑ם …לְ\u2060בַדּֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'Yahweh must be completely destroyed', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “alone, you must completely destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '21', 'kr35', '', 'לֹא־תוֹנֶ֖ה', '1', 'wrong a foreigner', '“You must not mistreat a foreigner” or “You must not cheat a foreigner”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '21', 'eoa5', 'figs-explicit', 'כִּֽי־גֵרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם בְּ\u2060אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', 'wrong a foreigner', 'The Israelites are called to remember their previous condition, that they lived as foreign guests in Egypt. They came first to avoid the famine in Jacob and Joseph’s time and were dependent on the Egyptian hospitality. Later they were wronged and oppressed and they are not to do that to those who sojourn with them. You may need to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “for you were wronged and oppressed as sojourners in the land of Egypt” or “for you also depended on hospitality while you lived as sojourners in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '22', 'djh3', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'כָּל־אַלְמָנָ֥ה וְ\u2060יָת֖וֹם לֹ֥א תְעַנּֽוּ\u2060ן׃', '1', 'You must not mistreat any widow or fatherless child', 'This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “You must treat all widows and fatherless children fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '22', 'v3i8', '', 'אַלְמָנָ֥ה', '1', 'widow', '“woman whose husband has died”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '22', 'l2ih', '', 'וְ\u2060יָת֖וֹם', '1', 'fatherless child', '“or child with no parents”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '24', 'zszz', 'figs-idiom', 'וְ\u2060חָרָ֣ה אַפִּ֔\u2060י', '1', 'fatherless child', 'This is an idiom meaning that Yahweh will be angry. Alternate translation: “and I will became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '24', 'sx9h', 'figs-metonymy', 'בֶּ\u2060חָ֑רֶב', '1', 'I will kill you with the sword', 'To be killed **with the sword** is a metonym that means a person will die violently, or perhaps fighting in a war. Alternate translation: “you will die a violent death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '25', 'v5je', '', 'כְּ\u2060נֹשֶׁ֑ה', '1', 'a moneylender', '“like one who lends money”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '25', 'g3ry', '', 'לֹֽא־תְשִׂימ֥וּ\u2060ן עָלָ֖י\u2060ו נֶֽשֶׁךְ', '1', 'charge him interest', '“you must not charge him extra money for borrowing” or “you must not charge him extra money for the loan”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '27', 'wi2m', '', 'כְסוּתוֹ֙ לְ\u2060בַדָּ֔\u2060הּ', '1', 'only covering', '“is his only coat” or “is his only garment to keep him warm”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '27', 'x7zb', 'figs-rquestion', 'בַּ\u2060מֶּ֣ה יִשְׁכָּ֔ב', '1', 'What else can he sleep in?', 'This question adds emphasis. You can translate it as a strong statement. Alternate translation: “He will have nothing to wear while he sleeps!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '28', 'eel2', '', 'אֱלֹהִ֖ים לֹ֣א תְקַלֵּ֑ל', '1', 'You must not blaspheme me, God', '“Do not insult God” or “Do not speak evil about God”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '28', 'tdj6', '', 'וְ\u2060נָשִׂ֥יא בְ\u2060עַמְּ\u2060ךָ֖ לֹ֥א תָאֹֽר', '1', 'nor curse a ruler', '“and do not ask God to do bad things to a ruler”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '29', 'p8nk', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'לֹ֣א תְאַחֵ֑ר', '1', 'You must not hold back offerings', 'This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “You must bring all of your offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '30', 'j345', 'translate-numbers', 'שִׁבְעַ֤ת', '1', 'For seven days', 'This can be written as a numeral. Alternate translation: “7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '22', '30', 'm4wq', 'translate-ordinal', 'בַּ\u2060יּ֥וֹם הַ\u2060שְּׁמִינִ֖י', '1', 'the eighth day', 'This can be written as a numeral. Alternate translation: “on day number 8” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', 'intro', 'hk5t', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 23 General Notes
## Structure
This chapter continues the list of case laws for Israel. It also touches on the patterns of life regarding the Sabbaths ([verses 10-12](../23/10.md)) and Festivals ([verses 14-19](../23/14.md)). At [verse 20](../23/20.md) Yahweh begins telling them about their future as they go to and live in the promised land.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Celebrations of feasts and festivals
The people of Israel were required to celebrate certain feasts and festivals. These were part of the law of Moses and some are described in this chapter. Their purpose was to worship Yahweh and to remember the great things Yahweh has done for them.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '1', 'we1y', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '1', 'eeoc', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֖א שֵׁ֣מַע שָׁ֑וְא', '1', 'dishonest witness', 'This could be translated differently to avoid the abstract nouns **report** and **emptiness.** Alternate translation: “You must not report emptily” or “You must not report falsely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '1', 'fu5k', 'figs-idiom', 'אַל־תָּ֤שֶׁת יָֽדְ\u2060ךָ֙ עִם־רָשָׁ֔ע', '1', 'dishonest witness', 'Here, to **put your hand with the wicked** means to support the lies that he is telling in order to harm someone else. The image is of putting out your hand to help him, to make him stronger than he would be on his own. Alternate translation: “You must not assist the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '1', 'l4xr', '', 'שֵׁ֣מַע שָׁ֑וְא', '1', 'General Information:', '“a false testimony”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '1', 'y1a3', 'figs-metonymy', 'עֵ֥ד חָמָֽס', '1', 'dishonest witness', 'Here, **violence** can also mean “wrong.” Either way, it means to harm another person by committing injustice (violence to justice) by lying. Alternate translation: “a false witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '2', 'nqz9', '', 'וְ\u2060לֹא־תַעֲנֶ֣ה', '1', 'nor may you bear witness', '“and you also must not speak”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '2', 'z6ej', 'figs-metaphor', 'לֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֥ה אַחֲרֵֽי־רַבִּ֖ים לְ\u2060רָעֹ֑ת', '1', 'siding with the crowd', 'This is a metaphor that describes one’s agreeing with a group of people as if he actually walked behind that group. Alternate translation: “You must not do the evil that the crowd wants” or “You must not agree with the majority for evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '2', 'nuag', 'figs-ellipsis', 'לִ\u2060נְטֹ֛ת…לְ\u2060הַטֹּֽת', '1', 'siding with the crowd', '“From justice” is omitted but should be understood. Alternate translation: “to turn aside from justice … that turns aside from justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '2', 'tnv2', '', 'לִ\u2060נְטֹ֛ת…לְ\u2060הַטֹּֽת', '1', 'pervert justice', 'This means to do illegal or immoral actions that result in a unjust ruling. Alternate translation: “to pervert justice … that perverts justice”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '6', 'z2al', '', 'לֹ֥א תַטֶּ֛ה מִשְׁפַּ֥ט אֶבְיֹנְ\u2060ךָ֖ בְּ\u2060רִיבֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'Do not thrust aside justice for your poor in his lawsuit', '“Do not decide to treat a poor man unjustly in legal matters”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '6', 'vh76', '', 'בְּ\u2060רִיבֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'lawsuit', 'Here, this refers to any matter that a court decides.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '7', 'ljdw', 'figs-metaphor', 'מִ\u2060דְּבַר־שֶׁ֖קֶר תִּרְחָ֑ק', '1', 'I will not acquit the wicked', 'Here, distance is used figuratively to tell the Israelites to have no part in deception. Alternate translation: “Do not speak deceptively” or “Do not join a false matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '7', 'c6xl', 'figs-doublet', 'וְ\u2060נָקִ֤י וְ\u2060צַדִּיק֙', '1', 'I will not acquit the wicked', 'These two terms mean very similar things, both of which contrast with “the wicked” later in the verse. Alternate translation: “person who has not done anything wrong or the person who always does what is right” or “person who does right and not wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '7', 'mf4w', '', 'לֹא־אַצְדִּ֖יק רָשָֽׁע', '1', 'I will not acquit the wicked', '“I will not find the wicked not guilty” or “I will not say that a wicked person is innocent”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '8', 'gh3v', 'figs-personification', 'כִּ֤י הַ\u2060שֹּׁ֨חַד֙ יְעַוֵּ֣ר פִּקְחִ֔ים וִֽ\u2060יסַלֵּ֖ף דִּבְרֵ֥י צַדִּיקִֽים', '1', 'bribe blinds…perverts', 'Here a “bribe” is described as if it could take action itself that negatively affects justice. Alternate translation: “for if you do, an evil person can give money to blind the clear-sighted and to pervert the words of the righteous ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '8', 'ai37', 'figs-metaphor', 'כִּ֤י הַ\u2060שֹּׁ֨חַד֙ יְעַוֵּ֣ר פִּקְחִ֔ים וִֽ\u2060יסַלֵּ֖ף דִּבְרֵ֥י צַדִּיקִֽים', '1', 'bribe blinds…perverts', 'To **blind the clear-sighted** is a metaphor that means causing those who know what is right to act like they do not. And **pervert the words of the righteous** could mean causing those who would speak the truth (in court) to lie or causing the judge to give an evil judgement or causing those listening to **the words of the righteous** to choose to act as if they had heard something different. Alternate translation: “for a bribe causes those who understand the right thing to do not to do it and causes good men to speak lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '9', 'mzu9', '', 'אֶת־נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַ\u2060גֵּ֔ר', '1', 'the life of a foreigner', '“the feelings of the foreigner”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '10', 'rt7h', '', 'תְּבוּאָתָֽ\u2060הּ', '1', 'its produce', '“the food its plants produce”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '10', 'gjya', 'translate-numbers', 'וְ\u2060שֵׁ֥שׁ', '1', 'its produce', '“And 6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '11', 'waxp', 'translate-ordinal', 'וְ\u2060הַ\u2060שְּׁבִיעִ֞ת', '1', 'unplowed', '“And the 7th” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '11', 'b5q6', 'translate-unknown', 'תִּשְׁמְטֶ֣\u2060נָּה וּ\u2060נְטַשְׁתָּ֗\u2060הּ', '1', 'fallow', 'This means to leave the land fallow, that is, in its natural state, not used for to grow food, unplowed, unplanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '11', 's4wv', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060אָֽכְלוּ֙ אֶבְיֹנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔\u2060ךָ', '1', 'so that the poor among your people may eat', 'The poor can eat any food that grows on its own in a field that is not cultivated. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “so the poor among your people may harvest and eat any food that grows on its own in that field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '12', 'ij92', '', 'שֽׁוֹרְ\u2060ךָ֙ וַ\u2060חֲמֹרֶ֔\u2060ךָ', '1', 'your ox and your donkey', '“your work animals”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '12', 'tajk', 'translate-numbers', 'שֵׁ֤שֶׁת', '1', 'any foreigner may rest and be refreshed', '“6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '12', 'u07q', 'translate-ordinal', 'הַ\u2060שְּׁבִיעִ֖י', '1', 'any foreigner may rest and be refreshed', '“the 7th” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '12', 'gpu1', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060יִנָּפֵ֥שׁ בֶּן־אֲמָתְ\u2060ךָ֖ וְ\u2060הַ\u2060גֵּֽר', '1', 'any foreigner may rest and be refreshed', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and the son of your female slave and the sojourner may refresh himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '13', 'ldn8', '', 'תִּשָּׁמֵ֑רוּ', '1', 'Pay attention to', '“Do” or “Obey”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '13', 'va2j', 'figs-parallelism', 'וְ\u2060שֵׁ֨ם אֱלֹהִ֤ים אֲחֵרִים֙ לֹ֣א תַזְכִּ֔ירוּ לֹ֥א יִשָּׁמַ֖ע עַל־פִּֽי\u2060ךָ', '1', 'mention the names of other gods', 'These two instructions mean almost the same thing. It may be more clear to combine them in some languages. Alternate translation: “Be sure never to speak the names of other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '13', 'x5tf', 'figs-metonymy', 'וְ\u2060שֵׁ֨ם אֱלֹהִ֤ים אֲחֵרִים֙ לֹ֣א תַזְכִּ֔ירוּ לֹ֥א יִשָּׁמַ֖ע עַל־פִּֽי\u2060ךָ', '1', 'mention the names of other gods', 'This probably means praying to other gods. Alternate translation: “Do not pray to other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '13', 'apnw', 'figs-metonymy', 'לֹ֥א יִשָּׁמַ֖ע עַל־פִּֽי\u2060ךָ', '1', 'mention the names of other gods', 'To be **on your mouth** means to speak. Alternate translation: “nor speak them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '13', 's86p', 'figs-activepassive', 'לֹ֥א יִשָּׁמַ֖ע עַל־פִּֽי\u2060ךָ', '1', 'mention the names of other gods', 'You could translate this in an active manner. Also see previous note. Alternate translation: “nor speak them so someone could hear them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '14', 'ezgh', 'translate-numbers', 'שָׁלֹ֣שׁ', '1', 'mention the names of other gods', '“3” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '15', 'bu7n', 'translate-hebrewmonths', 'הָֽ\u2060אָבִ֔יב', '1', 'Aviv', 'This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:4](../13/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '15', 'i88n', 'translate-numbers', 'שִׁבְעַ֣ת', '1', 'Aviv', '“7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '15', 'tx1v', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'וְ\u2060לֹא־יֵרָא֥וּ פָנַ֖\u2060י רֵיקָֽם', '1', 'not appear before me empty-handed', 'Here understatement is used to emphasize that the Israelites must bring a suitable offering to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “come to me without a proper offering” or “always bring an offering to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '16', 'ybsb', '', 'וְ\u2060חַ֤ג הַ\u2060קָּצִיר֙', '1', 'Festival of Ingathering', 'Elsewhere this is called the “Festival of Weeks.” See [Exodus 34:22](../34/22.md) and Deuteronomy 16:9 and following.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '16', 'pnx4', '', 'וְ\u2060חַ֤ג הָֽ\u2060אָסִף֙', '1', 'Festival of Ingathering', 'This festival celebrated the final harvesting of all the crops for the year. This festival was also known as the Festival of Shelters or the Festival of Booths. The idea came from the practice of the farmers living in temporary booths, or huts, out in the fields to guard the crop as it ripened. See Deuteronomy 16:13. Alternate translation: “And the Festival of the Ingathering”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '16', 'wgxm', 'figs-metaphor', 'בְּ\u2060צֵ֣את הַ\u2060שָּׁנָ֔ה', '1', 'Festival of Ingathering', 'This means the end of the year. It is pictured as something that is leaving. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '17', 't5xj', 'figs-metonymy', 'יֵרָאֶה֙', '1', 'All your males must appear before the Lord Yahweh', 'Here to **appear to the face of the Lord Yahweh** means to gather to worship. **To the face** is a metonym for Yahweh’s presence, referring to worship. Alternate translation: “must come to worship the Lord Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '20', 'bssx', 'figs-metonymy', 'לְ\u2060פָנֶ֔י\u2060ךָ', '1', '', 'This means “in front of you.” Alternate translation: “in front of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '21', 'mpfy', 'figs-metonymy', 'הִשָּׁ֧מֶר מִ\u2060פָּנָ֛י\u2060ו', '1', 'Be attentive to him', 'This means to respect him. **From his face** refers to his person. Alternate translation: “Show respect to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '21', 'pm7x', 'figs-activepassive', 'הִשָּׁ֧מֶר מִ\u2060פָּנָ֛י\u2060ו', '1', 'Be attentive to him', 'You could state this in an active manner. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '21', 'p5y3', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'אַל־תַּמֵּ֣ר בּ֑\u2060וֹ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יִשָּׂא֙ לְ\u2060פִשְׁעֲ\u2060כֶ֔ם כִּ֥י שְׁמִ֖\u2060י בְּ\u2060קִרְבּֽ\u2060וֹ׃', '1', 'Do not provoke him, for he will not pardon', 'There are two reasons given for the instruction **do not cause bitterness in him**. They are chained together such that you could say: “Because my name is within him, he will not forgive your transgressions, therefore do not cause bitterness in him.” The relation of the **name** and **forgiveness** is not explicit. Alternate translation: “If you provoke him, he will not pardon your sins for my name is within him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '21', 'p4jv', 'figs-metonymy', 'שְׁמִ֖\u2060י בְּ\u2060קִרְבּֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'My name is on him', 'Here **name** refers to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “He has my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '21', 'gt76', 'figs-metonymy', 'וּ\u2060שְׁמַ֥ע בְּ\u2060קֹל֖\u2060וֹ', '1', 'If you indeed obey his voice', 'Here, **voice** represents what the angel says. Alternate translation: “and obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '22', 'z1gn', 'figs-metonymy', 'אִם־שָׁמֹ֤עַ תִּשְׁמַע֙ בְּ\u2060קֹל֔\u2060וֹ', '1', 'If you indeed obey his voice', 'Here, **voice** represents what the angel says. Alternate translation: “if you carefully obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '22', 'y9bm', 'figs-parallelism', 'וְ\u2060אָֽיַבְתִּי֙ אֶת־אֹ֣יְבֶ֔י\u2060ךָ וְ\u2060צַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־צֹרְרֶֽי\u2060ךָ', '1', 'an enemy to your enemies and an adversary to your adversaries', 'These two phrases mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: see UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '23', 'x2nh', 'figs-metonymy', 'לְ\u2060פָנֶי\u2060ךָ֒', '1', '', 'This means “in front of you.” Alternate translation: “in front of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '24', 'a1d5', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֥א תַעֲשֶׂ֖ה כְּ\u2060מַֽעֲשֵׂי\u2060הֶ֑ם', '1', 'You must not…do as they do', 'The Israelites must not live as the people who worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You must not…live as the people who worship those gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '25', 't3ir', 'figs-merism', 'וּ\u2060בֵרַ֥ךְ אֶֽת־לַחְמְ\u2060ךָ֖ וְ\u2060אֶת־מֵימֶ֑י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'he will bless your bread and water', 'This is a merism that means food and drink. Alternate translation: “he will bless your food and drink” or “he will bless you by giving you food and drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '25', 'ydl4', 'figs-123person', 'וּ\u2060בֵרַ֥ךְ', '1', 'he will bless…I will remove', 'Yahweh switched between the first and third pronoun to refer to himself. Here both “he” and “I” refer to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '26', 'q4gz', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'לֹ֥א תִהְיֶ֛ה מְשַׁכֵּלָ֥ה וַ\u2060עֲקָרָ֖ה', '1', 'No woman will be barren or will miscarry her young in your land', 'This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Every woman will be able to become pregnant and give birth to healthy babies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '26', 'i1r9', '', 'מְשַׁכֵּלָ֥ה', '1', 'miscarry', 'to have a pregnancy end early and unexpectedly']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '26', 'geqg', 'figs-idiom', 'אֶת־מִסְפַּ֥ר יָמֶ֖י\u2060ךָ אֲמַלֵּֽא', '1', 'miscarry', 'This is an idiom that means to live a long time. Alternate translation: “I will give you a long life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '27', 'yps8', 'figs-metonymy', 'לְ\u2060פָנֶ֔י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'miscarry', 'This means “ahead of you.” Alternate translation: “before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '27', 'q901', 'figs-idiom', 'וְ\u2060נָתַתִּ֧י אֶת־כָּל־אֹיְבֶ֛י\u2060ךָ אֵלֶ֖י\u2060ךָ עֹֽרֶף', '1', 'miscarry', 'This is an idiom meaning that the enemies will turn and run away (showing the Israelites the backs of their necks). Alternate translation: “and I will make all of your enemies flee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '28', 't0r1', 'figs-metonymy', 'לְ\u2060פָנֶ֑י\u2060ךָ …מִ\u2060לְּ\u2060פָנֶֽי\u2060ךָ', '1', 'miscarry', 'This means “ahead of you.” Alternate translation: “before you … from before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '28', 'cg7i', 'translate-unknown', 'הַ\u2060צִּרְעָ֖ה', '1', 'hornets', 'This is a flying insect that can sting people and cause pain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '28', 'oocw', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'הַ\u2060צִּרְעָ֖ה … וְ\u2060גֵרְשָׁ֗ה', '1', 'hornets', 'Here, **hornet** is used in the singular but refers to a large group of the flying, stinging insects. **It** agrees in number with **hornet**. It may be necessary to translate as a plural. Alternate translation: “hornets … and they will drive out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '29', 'wfdi', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִ\u2060פָּנֶ֖י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'miscarry', 'This means “ahead of you.” Alternate translation: “from before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '29', 'i9aq', 'figs-explicit', 'פֶּן־תִּהְיֶ֤ה הָ\u2060אָ֨רֶץ֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה', '1', 'or the land would become abandoned', 'You could make the rest of the idea explicit if it would help. Alternate translation: “lest the land become desolate because no one would be living in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '30', 'mne7', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִ\u2060פָּנֶ֑י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'miscarry', 'This means “ahead of you.” Alternate translation: “from before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '31', 'my2e', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִ\u2060פָּנֶֽי\u2060ךָ', '1', 'miscarry', 'This means “ahead of you.” Alternate translation: “from before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '23', '33', 'd1fp', 'figs-metaphor', 'כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְ\u2060ךָ֖ לְ\u2060מוֹקֵֽשׁ', '1', 'this will surely become a trap for you', 'This means worshiping other gods will lead the people of Israel to certain destruction as if they were an animal caught in a hunter’s trap. It could also be saying that leaving the other people around will make it so that the Israelites see the other people’s worship and are lured (like in a trap) into worshipping the other gods, which is a sin against Yahweh. See UST. Alternate translation: “worshipping them will surely destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', 'intro', 'b83l', '', '', '0', '', "# Exodus 24 General Notes
## Structure
1. Yahweh summons Moses v. 1-2
2. Moses reads the covenant and the people accept it, this is ritually marked by sacrifice and sprinkling of blood v. 3-8
3. Moses and Israelite elders go up the mountain, see God and eat v. 9-11
4. Yahweh summons Moses further up the mountain without the other elders and he goes v. 12-15
5. Description of Yahweh's glory and Moses is at the top of the mountain v. 16-18
## Potential translation issues
- there are a number of similes used to describe people's encounter with God
- “covenant” appears in a variety of ways
- the mountain, the mountain of God, and Mount Sinai are all the same location
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Moses’ covenant
The people of Israel promise to obey the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. Their continued blessings were contingent upon their obedience to this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
### God’s holiness
Because Yahweh is perfectly holy, he can only be approached in a certain way. Because of this, only Moses was allowed near Yahweh. This is also why Yahweh is described as a “devouring fire.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])"]
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '1', 'hji6', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'Nadab…Abihu', 'A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '1', 'c97i', 'translate-names', 'נָדָ֣ב וַ\u2060אֲבִיה֔וּא', '1', 'Nadab…Abihu', 'These are men’s names. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '1', 'zukb', 'figs-123person', 'אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה', '1', 'Nadab…Abihu', 'Yahweh refers to himself in the third person, you may change it to first person if it would be unclear in your language. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '1', 'nm3t', 'translate-numbers', 'וְ\u2060שִׁבְעִ֖ים', '1', 'seventy of Israel’s elders', '“and 70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '1', 'ymip', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060הִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֖ם', '1', 'seventy of Israel’s elders', 'Here, “to me” is implied, you may make it explicit if it would be unclear in your language. Alternate translation: “and you shall bow down to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '2', 'p06o', 'writing-pronouns', 'וְ\u2060הֵ֖ם', '1', 'seventy of Israel’s elders', 'This refers to all the other people mentioned in [verse 1](../24/01.md). Alternate translation: “and Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and the elders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '2', 'dqnp', 'figs-123person', 'אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה', '1', 'seventy of Israel’s elders', 'Yahweh refers to himself in the third person, you may change it to first person if it would be unclear in your language. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '3', 'sbc3', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'with one voice', 'Verses 3-8 are a different scene than the rest of the chapter, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. It seems that there were some preparations needed before Moses and the elders could go up to meet Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '3', 'nuqr', '', '', '0', 'with one voice', 'See [Exodus 19:8](../19/08.md) for how you translated a very similar event.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '3', 'cg32', 'figs-idiom', 'ק֤וֹל אֶחָד֙', '1', 'with one voice', 'This is an idiom that means the people were in complete agreement. Alternate translation: “together” or “in agreement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '4', 'h7gg', '', 'תַּ֣חַת הָ\u2060הָ֑ר', '1', 'foot of the mountain', '“at the base of the mountain”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '4', 'uipf', 'translate-numbers', 'וּ\u2060שְׁתֵּ֤ים עֶשְׂרֵה֙…לִ\u2060שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר', '1', 'foot of the mountain', '“and 12 … according to the 12” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '7', 'c9tm', 'translate-unknown', 'סֵ֣פֶר הַ\u2060בְּרִ֔ית', '1', 'foot of the mountain', 'Here, **book** does not mean something in our modern format. It was likely a piece of papyrus (an early form of paper made from reeds) or animal skin that rolled up. Alternate translation: “the Covenant he had written down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '8', 'h9ff', 'figs-explicit', 'הַ\u2060דָּ֔ם', '1', 'Then Moses took the blood', 'This refers to the blood that Moses had put into the bowls. This can be stated clearly. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '8', 'juxf', 'figs-explicit', 'עַ֥ל כָּל־הַ\u2060דְּבָרִ֖ים הָ\u2060אֵֽלֶּה׃', '1', 'Then Moses took the blood', '**These words** refers to what Moses just read aloud, that is, Yahweh’s commands. You can make this more clear. Alternate translation: “which I just read aloud to you and you agreed to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '9', 'izl5', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'Nadab…Abihu', 'A new scene begins with this verse, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. Here the narrative is connected to [verse 2](../24/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '9', 'uz7y', '', 'וַ\u2060יַּ֥עַל', '1', 'Nadab…Abihu', 'These are men’s names. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '9', 'nuq7', 'figs-explicit', 'וַ\u2060יַּ֥עַל', '1', 'Nadab…Abihu', 'The men **went up** the mountain. You can state this clearly. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '10', 'ic4s', 'figs-personification', 'וְ\u2060תַ֣חַת רַגְלָ֗י\u2060ו', '1', 'Under his feet', 'This speaks of God as if he had human feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '10', 'q8sn', '', 'לִבְנַ֣ת', '1', 'pavement', 'a hard surface for walking or riding']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '10', 'pm87', 'translate-unknown', 'הַ\u2060סַּפִּ֔יר', '1', 'sapphire stone', 'This is a gemstone that is blue in color. If there is a blue gemstone that your people are familiar with you may use it here as the exact gemstone is not certain. You may also describe it. Alternate translation: “a blue gemstone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '10', 'zd6u', 'figs-simile', 'וּ\u2060כְ\u2060עֶ֥צֶם הַ\u2060שָּׁמַ֖יִם לָ\u2060טֹֽהַר', '1', 'as clear as the sky itself', 'This is a simile. Alternate translation: “and it was blue like the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '11', 'jds6', 'figs-metonymy', 'וְ\u2060אֶל־אֲצִילֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹ֥א שָׁלַ֖ח יָד֑\u2060וֹ', '1', 'God did not lay a hand on the Israelite leaders', 'This means that God did not harm the leaders. Alternate translation: “God did not harm the Israelite leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '11', 'b398', 'grammar-connect-condition-contrary', 'וְ\u2060אֶל־אֲצִילֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹ֥א שָׁלַ֖ח יָד֑\u2060וֹ', '1', 'God did not lay a hand on the Israelite leaders', 'What would be expected is if they saw God they would die. The Israelite elders ability to see God and live is unexpected, be sure your translation conveys that. Alternate translation: “However, he did not send out his hand to the leaders of the sons of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '12', 'dx4f', 'figs-explicit', 'לְ\u2060הוֹרֹתָֽ\u2060ם', '1', 'tablets of stone and the law and commandments', 'This means so that Moses and the other Israelite leaders could teach the laws and commandments to the Israelite people. You may need to make this clear. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '13', 'gv5e', '', 'וִ\u2060יהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ מְשָׁרְת֑\u2060וֹ', '1', 'with his assistant Joshua', 'The word translated **servant** here is usually associated with a higher position, like a government minister. Avoid using a word that implies a lower class serving role. Alternate translation: “with Joshua who assisted him” or “with Joshua who helped him”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '13', 'flw7', 'writing-participants', 'וִ\u2060יהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ', '1', 'with his assistant Joshua', '**Joshua** is introduced here again, if your language marks new participants in the narrative in a certain way, use that form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '14', 'mhvj', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'וְ\u2060אֶל־הַ\u2060זְּקֵנִ֤ים אָמַר֙', '1', 'wait for us', 'The structure of the Hebrew indicates but does not require that this speech by Moses happened before [verse 13](../24/13.md) (hence **had said**). The ULT takes this view, however, for languages where it is hard to express events out of order, the UST reflects the other grammatical possibility and says in [24:13](../24/13.md) that Moses started up the mountain and in [24:15](../24/15.md) that he went the rest of the way up the mountain. Following this you can view this verse as if Moses paused and gave these final instructions as he was leaving the elders behind, keeping a sequential structure. Either approach is permissible by the text, but the approach of the ULT is preferred if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '14', 'qiy4', '', 'לָ֣\u2060נוּ', '1', 'wait for us', '“Joshua and me”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '14', 'uc7r', 'translate-names', 'וְ\u2060חוּר֙', '1', 'Hur', '**Hur** was a man who was a friend of Moses and Aaron. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 17:10](../17/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '14', 'jyh8', '', 'וְ\u2060הִנֵּ֨ה', '1', 'Hur', '**Behold** is used to draw attention to important information that Moses is about to tell them. It is frequently omitted, if your language uses a statement to draw attention to important information you should consider using it here. Alternate translation: “Remember”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '14', 'dqhj', 'figs-idiom', 'מִי־בַ֥עַל דְּבָרִ֖ים', '1', 'Hur', 'This is an idiom that means that someone has a legal dispute or complaint. Alternate translation: “Whoever has a legal claim” or “Anyone with a law case” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '16', 'j2s5', 'figs-metonymy', 'כְּבוֹד־יְהוָה֙', '1', 'Yahweh’s glory', 'This was the brilliant light of Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “the brilliant light showing Yahweh’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '16', 'sb1o', 'translate-numbers', 'שֵׁ֣שֶׁת', '1', 'Yahweh’s glory', '“6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '16', 'uwdd', 'translate-ordinal', 'בַּ\u2060יּ֥וֹם הַ\u2060שְּׁבִיעִ֖י', '1', 'Yahweh’s glory', '“on day number 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '17', 'e4n6', 'figs-simile', 'כְּ\u2060אֵ֥שׁ אֹכֶ֖לֶת', '1', 'like a devouring fire', 'This means the glory of Yahweh was very large and seemed to burn brightly like a fire. Alternate translation: “like a big fire burning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '17', 'k5lj', 'figs-metaphor', 'לְ\u2060עֵינֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל', '1', 'in the eyes of the Israelites', 'Their eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents their thoughts or judgment about they saw. Alternate translation: “to the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '24', '18', 'h1wy', 'translate-numbers', 'אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם וְ\u2060אַרְבָּעִ֖ים לָֽיְלָה', '1', 'forty days and forty nights', '“40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', 'intro', 't23a', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 25 General Notes
## Structure:
- v. 1-7: Instructions for gifts the Israelites may give to help build the place they will worship God
- v. 8-9: Introductory building instructions
- v. 10-22: Instructions for building the Box of the Testimony
- v. 23-30: Instructions for building the table
- v. 31-39: Instructions for building the lampstand
- v. 40: Summary instruction
## Special concepts in this chapter
- The tent of meeting and Box of the Testimony are introduced in this chapter.
- Translators will need to take care translating the concept of atonement.
## Potential translation issues in this chapter:
- There are many unfamiliar items in this chapter. Fortunately they are mostly all physical items. Translators will have to try to understand what each item is and translate it into the closest equivalent in their culture. It may be helpful for translators to try to find images depicting some of the items the Israelites were to make.
- There are some biblical weights and measurements that translators may not have encountered before.
- From [verse 11](../25/11.md) until the end of chapter 30 almost every instruction regarding the construction of the tent of meeting and all the associated items are given with a singular form of “you” as if Moses himself would make them. However, it is clear and made explicit in [chapter 31](../31/01.md) that certain skilled craftsmen will receive these instructions from Moses and make these items. In some languages you may need to change from second to third person throughout, following the pattern in [25:10](../25/10.md). There are a few exceptions which will have their own note. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]].
']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '2', 'ygtd', 'figs-quotemarks', 'דַּבֵּר֙', '1', 'who is motivated by a willing heart', 'At the beginning of this verse, a direct quote begins that continues until the end of [Exo 30:10](../30/10.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '2', 'tktu', 'figs-quotations', 'דַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְ\u2060יִקְחוּ־לִ֖\u2060י תְּרוּמָ֑ה', '1', 'who is motivated by a willing heart', 'In some languages you may have to make **and they shall take a contribution for me** a direct quote. Note that this will make it a second-level quotation and you will need to mark it with second-level quotation marking if your language uses them. Alternate translation: “Say to the sons of Israel, ‘You shall take a contribution for me.’ ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '2', 'r5yr', 'figs-idiom', 'אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִדְּבֶ֣\u2060נּוּ לִבּ֔\u2060וֹ', '1', 'who is motivated by a willing heart', 'This is an idiom that indicates a person’s desire to give an offering. Alternate translation: “who wants to give one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '2', 'k78q', 'figs-youdual', 'תִּקְח֖וּ', '1', 'You must receive', 'The word **you** is plural and refers to Moses and the leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '4', 'c1qn', 'figs-explicit', 'וּ\u2060תְכֵ֧לֶת וְ\u2060אַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְ\u2060תוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י', '1', 'blue, purple, and scarlet material', 'Possible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. The original audience would have known what was meant. This material seems to have been used for embroidery later, so “yarn” or ”thread” may be the best understanding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '4', 'c958', 'translate-unknown', 'וְ\u2060תוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י', '1', 'scarlet', 'A bright red color for dying cloth was extracted from these worms. Alternate translation: “and bright red” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '5', 'ayup', 'translate-unknown', 'מְאָדָּמִ֛ים', '1', 'scarlet', 'When animal skins are tanned (processed into usable leather) they become reddish. It is not clear if these hides are dyed red or simply reddened in the tanning process. Alternate translation: “tanned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '5', 'va28', 'translate-unknown', 'תְּחָשִׁ֖ים', '1', 'scarlet', 'The meaning of this word is not known, it may refer to some water mammal that has skin that can be made into a high-quality leather. [Sea cows on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirenia) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '5', 'd4fa', 'translate-unknown', 'שִׁטִּֽים', '1', 'scarlet', 'A small tree with spreading foliage and durable wood. [See on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shittah_tree) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '6', 'i6gp', 'translate-unknown', 'בְּשָׂמִים֙', '1', 'spices', 'Here, **spices** are dried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '7', 'mg4f', 'translate-unknown', 'אַבְנֵי־שֹׁ֕הַם', '1', 'onyx', 'An **onyx stone** is a valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown. If this stone is unknown to your people, consider translating it by using a word for a familiar stone with a similar pattern, if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '7', 'c3hk', '', 'וְ\u2060אַבְנֵ֖י', '1', 'precious stones', '“and valuable gems for” or “ and treasured gems for”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '9', 'm1np', 'figs-you', 'אוֹתְ\u2060ךָ֔', '1', 'show you in the plans', 'Here, **you** is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '9', 'w4sc', '', 'כֵּלָ֑י\u2060ו', '1', 'tabernacle', 'Here, **utensils** is a general term that you could translate by a broad term that could encompass all of the things used in the tabernacle as described in this and the several following chapters. Alternate translation: “its implements”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '9', 'c9qe', 'figs-youdual', 'תַּעֲשֽׂוּ', '1', 'You must make it', 'Here, **you** is plural and refers to Moses and the people of Israel. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '9', 'tc2k', 'figs-123person', 'תַּעֲשֽׂוּ', '1', 'You must make it', 'Since Moses does not construct these items himself, you may consider shifting the instructions to the third person if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “they shall make it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '10', 'o8dl', 'translate-unknown', 'שִׁטִּ֑ים', '1', 'two and a half cubits…one cubit and a half', 'These trees, **acacias**, are small trees with spreading foliage and durable wood. See how you translated this in [25:5](../25/05.md). [See on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shittah_tree) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '10', 'cs23', 'translate-bdistance', 'אַמָּתַ֨יִם וָ\u2060חֵ֜צִי…וְ\u2060אַמָּ֤ה וָ\u2060חֵ֨צִי֙…וְ\u2060אַמָּ֥ה וָ\u2060חֵ֖צִי', '1', 'two and a half cubits…one cubit and a half', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people, if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46cm. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 115cm … 69cm … 69cm (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '10', 'saf8', 'translate-fraction', 'וָ\u2060חֵ֜צִי …וָ\u2060חֵ֨צִי֙ …וָ\u2060חֵ֖צִי', '1', 'two and a half cubits…one cubit and a half', 'The word **half** means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '12', 'wbq8', 'translate-unknown', 'וְ\u2060יָצַ֣קְתָּ לּ֗\u2060וֹ אַרְבַּע֙ טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֔ב', '1', 'cast four rings of gold', 'Casting was a process in which gold was melted, poured into a mold that was in the shape of a ring, and then allowed to harden. If this sort of metal-working process is unknown to your people, you may simply describe it, or use a word meaning “make” as the UST does. The UST approach is preferred, as the creation process is not in focus here, and it would be cumbersome to include the description in the text. You could use a word meaning “make” and include the description in a footnote, if you are including those, and your team feels it is important to understand. Alternate translation: “You shall make four rings of gold by melting the gold and pouring it into molds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '13', 'i5mc', 'translate-unknown', 'שִׁטִּ֑ים', '1', 'cast four rings of gold', 'A small tree with spreading foliage and durable wood. See how you translated this in [25:5](../25/05.md). [See on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shittah_tree) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '15', 'k67p', 'figs-parallelism', 'בְּ\u2060טַבְּעֹת֙ הָ\u2060אָרֹ֔ן יִהְי֖וּ הַ\u2060בַּדִּ֑ים לֹ֥א יָסֻ֖רוּ מִמֶּֽ\u2060נּוּ', '1', 'General Information:', 'These two phrases mean similar things. Yahweh is saying basically the same thing twice to emphasize how important this command is. If it is confusing for your readers to repeat both phrases, you can combine them and show the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “The poles belong in the rings of the box; never is anyone to remove them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '15', 'aea1', 'figs-activepassive', 'בְּ\u2060טַבְּעֹת֙ הָ\u2060אָרֹ֔ן יִהְי֖וּ הַ\u2060בַּדִּ֑ים לֹ֥א יָסֻ֖רוּ מִמֶּֽ\u2060נּוּ', '1', 'General Information:', 'You can translate this in active form. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '17', 'ast8', 'translate-bdistance', 'אַמָּתַ֤יִם וָ\u2060חֵ֨צִי֙…וְ\u2060אַמָּ֥ה וָ\u2060חֵ֖צִי', '1', 'two and a half cubits…a cubit and a half', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46cm. For your reference, a more precise conversion to the metric system is: 115 centimeters … 69 centimeters … 69 centimeters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '17', 'c8o7', 'translate-fraction', 'וָ\u2060חֵ֨צִי֙ …וָ\u2060חֵ֖צִי', '1', 'two and a half cubits…a cubit and a half', 'The word **half** means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '19', 'b4l9', '', 'מִן־הַ\u2060כַּפֹּ֛רֶת תַּעֲשׂ֥וּ אֶת־הַ\u2060כְּרֻבִ֖ים עַל־שְׁנֵ֥י קְצוֹתָֽי\u2060ו', '1', 'They must be made', 'This seems to indicate that the cherubim should be formed out of the same piece of gold as the rest of the lid. It may, however, mean that at the end they should be one piece, so the gold should be heated to melting and the lid and cherubim joined together. Alternate translation: “You shall join the cherubim to the atonement lid on its two ends”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '22', 'zu9u', 'figs-you', 'לְ\u2060ךָ֮ …אִתְּ\u2060ךָ֜ …אוֹתְ\u2060ךָ֖', '1', 'It is at the ark that I will meet with you', 'Here, **you** is singular and refers to Moses. If you have been using a plural you for Yahweh’s commands which have been to give to others, make sure you use the singular form of “you” here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '23', 't312', 'translate-bdistance', 'שִׁטִּ֑ים אַמָּתַ֤יִם אָרְכּ\u2060וֹ֙ וְ\u2060אַמָּ֣ה רָחְבּ֔\u2060וֹ וְ\u2060אַמָּ֥ה וָ\u2060חֵ֖צִי קֹמָתֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'two cubits…one cubit…a cubit and a half', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people, if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46 centimeters. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 115 centimeters … 46 centimeters … 69 centimeters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '23', 'a2o9', 'translate-fraction', 'וָ\u2060חֵ֖צִי', '1', 'two cubits…one cubit…a cubit and a half', 'The word **half** means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '24', 'f20e', '', '', '0', 'two cubits…one cubit…a cubit and a half', 'This verse is almost identical to [25:11](../25/11.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '25', 'awi7', 'translate-bdistance', 'טֹ֖פַח', '1', 'one handbreadth wide', 'You can convert this length to a measurement system familiar to your people, if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **handbreath** is a measurement of approximately eight centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '25', 'bit8', '', 'לּ֥\u2060וֹ', '1', 'frame for it', '“for the table”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '27', 'jdh4', 'figs-idiom', 'לְ\u2060בָתִּ֣ים', '1', 'The rings must be attached', 'Here, **to house** means that the rings will hold the poles. Since the rings are where the poles belong for use when carrying the table, the rings are figuratively their **house.** If your language has a similar idiom meaning “place of belonging,” you may use it, or you may translate the idea. Alternate translation: “to be a place for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '28', 'l4fk', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060נִשָּׂא־בָ֖\u2060ם אֶת־הַ\u2060שֻּׁלְחָֽן', '1', 'so that the table may be carried with them', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “And you shall carry the table with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '29', 'nrmp', 'translate-unknown', 'קְּעָרֹתָ֜י\u2060ו וְ\u2060כַפֹּתָ֗י\u2060ו וּ\u2060קְשׂוֹתָי\u2060ו֙ וּ\u2060מְנַקִּיֹּתָ֔י\u2060ו', '1', 'to be used to pour out drink offerings', 'We do not know precisely what these dishes were. It is likely that the **plates** were mostly flat dishes for holding the bread that would be on the table; the **pans** may have been shallow bowls or deep plates for holding incense, or they may have been something more like a ladle or spoon; the **pitchers** probably held wine to be poured into the **bowls** for the drink offerings. You will need to translate using the closest word for each such item in your culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '29', 'v78d', 'figs-activepassive', 'אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֻסַּ֖ךְ בָּ\u2060הֵ֑ן', '1', 'to be used to pour out drink offerings', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the priests will pour out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '30', 'uth7', 'figs-metonymy', 'לֶ֥חֶם פָּנִ֖ים', '1', 'bread of the presence', 'Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of Yahweh. This bread represented the presence of God. Alternate translation: “the bread of the Presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '30', 'kh7c', 'figs-metonymy', 'לְ\u2060פָנַ֥\u2060י', '1', 'bread of the presence', 'Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “in front of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '31', 'kc3q', '', 'מִקְשָׁ֞ה', '1', 'hammered gold', '“of beaten gold” See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:18](../25/18.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '31', 'g25l', 'figs-activepassive', 'תֵּעָשֶׂ֤ה', '1', 'The lampstand is to be made', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you shall make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '33', 'i7bh', 'translate-unknown', 'מְֽשֻׁקָּדִ֞ים', '1', 'almond blossoms', 'An almond blossom is a white or pink flower that has five petals. (An almond is a kind of nut.) You may want to include a short description as a footnote or in the text (if that is your translation style) the first time this object is encountered. Alternate translation: “shaped like the five-petaled almond flower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '35', 'lk10', '', 'וְ\u2060כַפְתֹּ֡ר תַּחַת֩ שְׁנֵ֨י הַ\u2060קָּנִ֜ים מִמֶּ֗\u2060נָּה וְ\u2060כַפְתֹּר֙ תַּ֣חַת שְׁנֵ֤י הַ\u2060קָּנִים֙ מִמֶּ֔\u2060נָּה וְ\u2060כַפְתֹּ֕ר תַּחַת־שְׁנֵ֥י הַ\u2060קָּנִ֖ים מִמֶּ֑\u2060נָּה לְ\u2060שֵׁ֨שֶׁת֙ הַ\u2060קָּנִ֔ים הַ\u2060יֹּצְאִ֖ים מִן־הַ\u2060מְּנֹרָֽה', '1', 'made as one piece with it', '“There must be a leafy base under the first pair of branches—made as one piece with it, and a leafy base under the second pair of branches—also made as one piece with it. In the same way there must be a leafy base under the third pair of branches, made as one piece with it. It must be the same for all six branches extending out from the lampstand.”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '36', 'r7yz', '', 'מִקְשָׁ֥ה', '1', 'made as one piece with it', '“of beaten gold” See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:18](../25/18.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '37', 'dfn6', 'figs-metonymy', 'וְ\u2060הֵאִ֖יר עַל־עֵ֥בֶר פָּנֶֽי\u2060הָ', '1', 'for them to give light from it', 'Here, **face** figuratively represents the location of the lampstand. Alternate translation: “so they shine light near it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '39', 'ff5p', 'translate-bweight', 'כִּכָּ֛ר', '1', 'one talent', 'You can convert this weight to a measurement system familiar to your people, if that is the style of translation that you are using. A talent weighs about 33 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '40', 'y081', 'figs-explicit', 'וּ\u2060רְאֵ֖ה וַ\u2060עֲשֵׂ֑ה', '1', 'you are being shown on the mountain', 'All the items described in this chapter are implied as what Moses is told to **see and make**. You could make that explicit in your translation if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “See and make everything I have described” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '40', 'gyte', 'figs-metonymy', 'וּ\u2060רְאֵ֖ה וַ\u2060עֲשֵׂ֑ה', '1', 'you are being shown on the mountain', 'Here, **see** relates to observing or overseeing. Essentially, Yahweh is telling Moses to be careful as he observes the pattern on the mountain and as he sees the craftsmen of Israel working on these items, so that they are made correctly. Alternate translation: “Watch carefully so you can make these things well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '25', '40', 'l7je', 'figs-activepassive', 'אַתָּ֥ה מָרְאֶ֖ה', '1', 'you are being shown on the mountain', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am showing you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', 'intro', 'emw7', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 26 General Notes
- The sacred tent has four layers (from inside to out): linen, goats’ hair, tanned rams’ skins, and fine leather.
- There are multiple different curtains described using three different Hebrew words: one sort of curtains to make the walls of the tent ([verses 1-13](../26/01.md)), another to separate the Holy Place and Most Holy Place ([verses 31-34](../26/31.md)), and another for the entrance of the sacred tent ([verses 36-37](../26/36.md)). If there are words in your language that would make a distinction between these sorts of hanging cloths, it would be appropriate to make a distinction in your translation.
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.
- v. 1-30: Instructions for constructing the exterior of the sacred tent
- v. 1-6: Inner covering
- v. 7-14: Outer covering layers
- v. 15-30: Wooden framework
- v. 31-35: Instructions for arranging the interior of the sacred tent
- v. 36-37: Instructions for hanging the entrance curtain
## Special concepts in this chapter
### The tent of meeting
This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the box would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. Note: “tabernacle” is simply an English word transcribed from the Latin for “tent,” which translates the Hebrew for “dwelling place,” that has taken on religious significance via the King James Version of the Bible. The terms “tabernacle” and “tent” should be considered interchangeable. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '1', 'ks8r', 'figs-you', 'תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה', '1', 'You must make', 'Yahweh is speaking to Moses, so the word **you** is singular. Yahweh probably expected Moses to tell someone else to do the actual work, but Moses would be the one responsible for seeing that the work was done correctly. “Tell a craftsman to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '1', 'iww4', 'translate-unknown', 'יְרִיעֹ֑ת', '1', 'curtains', 'The **curtains** were large, heavy sections of woven cloth that were used to form the covering and dividing walls of the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '1', 'vre7', '', 'וּ\u2060תְכֵ֤לֶת וְ\u2060אַרְגָּמָן֙ וְ\u2060תֹלַ֣עַת שָׁנִ֔י', '1', 'curtains', 'Possible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 25:4](../25/04.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '1', 'xvs7', 'translate-unknown', 'וְ\u2060תֹלַ֣עַת שָׁנִ֔י', '1', 'scarlet wool', 'A bright red color for dying cloth was extracted from these worms. Alternate translation: “and bright red” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '1', 'ni5d', 'translate-unknown', 'שֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֗ר', '1', 'scarlet wool', 'This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '1', 'n2vm', '', 'חֹשֵׁ֖ב', '1', 'craftsman', 'a person who is skilled in making beautiful objects by hand']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '2', 'dkr6', 'translate-bdistance', 'שְׁמֹנֶ֤ה וְ\u2060עֶשְׂרִים֙ בָּֽ\u2060אַמָּ֔ה…אַרְבַּ֣ע בָּ\u2060אַמָּ֔ה', '1', 'twenty-eight cubits…four cubits', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46 centimeters. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 12.9 meters … 184 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '3', 'ba6w', 'figs-activepassive', 'חֲמֵ֣שׁ הַ\u2060יְרִיעֹ֗ת תִּֽהְיֶ֨יןָ֙ חֹֽבְרֹ֔ת אִשָּׁ֖ה אֶל־אֲחֹתָ֑\u2060הּ וְ\u2060חָמֵ֤שׁ יְרִיעֹת֙ חֹֽבְרֹ֔ת אִשָּׁ֖ה אֶל־אֲחֹתָֽ\u2060הּ', '1', 'Five curtains must be joined to each other…must also be joined to each other', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Join five of the curtains each to another, and join five of the curtains each to another.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '4', 'ghz8', '', 'תְּכֵ֗לֶת', '1', 'one set', '“blue yarn” or “blue cloth”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '4', 'wdum', 'translate-ordinal', 'הָ\u2060אֶחָ֔ת … הַ\u2060שֵּׁנִֽית', '1', 'one set', '(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '4', 'd0sl', '', 'בַּ\u2060חֹבָ֑רֶת', '1', 'one set', '“in one set of five curtains”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '4', 'gjt1', '', 'בַּ\u2060מַּחְבֶּ֖רֶת הַ\u2060שֵּׁנִֽית', '1', 'one set', '“in the other set of five curtains”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '6', 'sns4', '', 'וְ\u2060עָשִׂ֕יתָ חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים קַרְסֵ֣י זָהָ֑ב וְ\u2060חִבַּרְתָּ֨ אֶת־הַ\u2060יְרִיעֹ֜ת אִשָּׁ֤ה אֶל־אֲחֹתָ\u2060הּ֙', '1', 'clasps', 'The clasps fit into the loops (verses 4 and 5) to hold the curtains together.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '6', 'b242', '', 'אֶחָֽד', '1', 'clasps', '“as though it were one piece”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '7', 'jeaz', '', 'לְ\u2060אֹ֖הֶל', '1', 'eleven', 'This refers to a outer tent over the sacred tent. Alternate translation: “for an outer tent”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '7', 't7t3', 'translate-numbers', 'עַשְׁתֵּי־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה', '1', 'eleven', '“eleven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '8', 'p423', 'translate-numbers', 'שְׁלֹשִׁים֙ …אַרְבַּ֣ע …לְ\u2060עַשְׁתֵּ֥י עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה', '1', 'thirty…four', '“thirty … 4 … eleven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '8', 'v7i1', 'translate-bdistance', 'שְׁלֹשִׁים֙ בָּֽ\u2060אַמָּ֔ה…אַרְבַּ֣ע בָּ\u2060אַמָּ֔ה', '1', 'cubits', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46cm. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 13.8 meter … 184 centimeters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '9', 'kb9x', 'figs-metonymy', 'אֶל־מ֖וּל פְּנֵ֥י הָ\u2060אֹֽהֶל', '1', 'cubits', 'Here, **face** is probably referring to the entrance of the tent. The opening for the protective tent and the sacred tent would have been coordinated so they were in the same place. Alternate translation: “in front of the entrance of the tent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '9', 'q3og', '', 'הָ\u2060אֹֽהֶל', '1', 'cubits', 'As in [verse 7](../26/07.md), **the tent** refers to the outer tent over the sacred tent. Alternate translation: “the outer tent”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '10', 'etf7', '', '', '0', 'loops', 'See how you translated a very similar text in [Exodus 26:4](./04.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '11', 'cq36', 'translate-unknown', 'הַ\u2060קְּרָסִים֙', '1', 'clasps', 'The **clasps** fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:6](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '12', 'hftk', 'translate-fraction', 'חֲצִ֤י', '1', 'clasps', 'The word **half** means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '13', 'k4ci', 'translate-bdistance', 'וְ\u2060הָ\u2060אַמָּ֨ה…וְ\u2060הָ\u2060אַמָּ֤ה', '1', 'cubit', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46 centimeters. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 46 centimeters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '14', 'kii8', 'translate-unknown', 'תְּחָשִׁ֖ים', '1', 'a covering of ram skins dyed red, and another covering of fine leather', 'The meaning of this word, **sea cows**, is not known. It may refer to a water mammal that has skin that can be made into a high-quality leather. [Sea cows on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirenia) See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 25:5](../25/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '14', 'yz3v', 'translate-unknown', 'מְאָדָּמִ֑ים', '1', 'dyed red', 'When animal skins are tanned (processed into usable leather), they become reddish. It is not clear if these hides are dyed red or simply reddened in the tanning process. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 25:5](../25/05.md). Alternate translation: “tanned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '15', 'y85l', 'translate-unknown', 'הַ\u2060קְּרָשִׁ֖ים', '1', 'frames', 'This refers to frames or panels that they made by joining together smaller pieces of wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '15', 'tw2h', 'translate-unknown', 'שִׁטִּ֖ים', '1', 'frames', 'The **acacias** are small trees with spreading foliage and durable wood. See how you translated this in [25:5](../25/05.md). [See on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shittah_tree) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '16', 'k4b7', 'translate-numbers', 'עֶ֥שֶׂר …וְ\u2060אַמָּה֙ וַ\u2060חֲצִ֣י הָֽ\u2060אַמָּ֔ה', '1', 'ten cubits…one and a half cubits', '“10 …1.5 cubits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '16', 'z2rv', 'translate-bdistance', 'עֶ֥שֶׂר אַמּ֖וֹת…וְ\u2060אַמָּה֙ וַ\u2060חֲצִ֣י הָֽ\u2060אַמָּ֔ה', '1', 'ten cubits…one and a half cubits', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people, if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46 centimeters. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 4.6 meters … 69 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '16', 'p3av', 'translate-fraction', 'וַ\u2060חֲצִ֣י', '1', 'ten cubits…one and a half cubits', 'The word **half** means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '17', 'zwfj', 'translate-unknown', 'יָד֗וֹת', '1', 'ten cubits…one and a half cubits', 'This means a part of the wood sticking out from the rest of the frame so that it can be put into a hole in another object. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '19', 'c9id', '', 'אַדְנֵי־כֶ֔סֶף', '1', 'silver bases', 'These were silver blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place and off the ground.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '19', 'o357', 'figs-explicit', 'שְׁנֵ֨י אֲדָנִ֜ים תַּֽחַת־הַ\u2060קֶּ֤רֶשׁ הָ\u2060אֶחָד֙ לִ\u2060שְׁתֵּ֣י יְדֹתָ֔י\u2060ו וּ\u2060שְׁנֵ֧י אֲדָנִ֛ים תַּֽחַת־הַ\u2060קֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָ\u2060אֶחָ֖ד לִ\u2060שְׁתֵּ֥י יְדֹתָֽי\u2060ו', '1', 'silver bases', 'The effect of this is to start a list, and the hearer will assume it should be completed. Try to translate this in the way that a speaker of your language would give instructions that are meant to be carried out on a whole group of objects. This same phrasing occurs again in [verse 21](../26/21.md) and [verse 25](../26/25.md). Alternate translation: “two bases under the first frame for its two tenons, and then two bases under the next frame for its two tenons, and so on for all the frames” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '21', 'rlcf', 'figs-explicit', 'שְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֗ים תַּ֚חַת הַ\u2060קֶּ֣רֶשׁ הָֽ\u2060אֶחָ֔ד וּ\u2060שְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֔ים תַּ֖חַת הַ\u2060קֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָ\u2060אֶחָֽד', '1', 'silver bases', 'The effect of this is to start a list, and the hearer will assume it should be completed. Try to translate this in the way that a speaker of your language would give instructions that are meant to be carried out on a whole group of objects. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md). Alternate translation: “two bases under the first frame, and then two bases under the next frame, and so on for all the frames” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '25', 'cbpl', 'figs-explicit', 'שְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֗ים תַּ֚חַת הַ\u2060קֶּ֣רֶשׁ הָ\u2060אֶחָ֔ד וּ\u2060שְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֔ים תַּ֖חַת הַ\u2060קֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָ\u2060אֶחָֽד', '1', 'silver bases', 'The effect of this is to start a list, and the hearer will assume it should be completed. Try to translate this in the way that a speaker of your language would give instructions that are meant to be carried out on a whole group of objects. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md). Alternate translation: “two bases under the first frame, and then two bases under the next frame, and so on for all the frames” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '25', 'p2wu', 'translate-unknown', 'וְ\u2060אַדְנֵי\u2060הֶ֣ם …אֲדָנִ֑ים …אֲדָנִ֗ים …אֲדָנִ֔ים', '1', 'silver bases', 'These were silver blocks that had a slot in them to keep the frame in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '26', 'fc8p', 'translate-unknown', 'בְרִיחִ֖ם', '1', 'crossbars', 'These are horizontal support beams that give stability to the structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '29', 'ji1j', '', 'בָּתִּ֖ים לַ\u2060בְּרִיחִ֑ם', '1', 'for them to serve as holders for the crossbars', '“which will hold the crossbars” or “because they will hold the crossbars”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '29', 'nq3m', '', 'לַ\u2060בְּרִיחִ֑ם', '1', 'crossbars', 'These are horizontal support beams that give stability to the structure. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:26](../26/26.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '30', 'csf9', 'figs-activepassive', 'הָרְאֵ֖יתָ בָּ\u2060הָֽר', '1', 'you were shown on the mountain', 'This can be stated in active form. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '31', 'yqi6', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated very similar text in [Exodus 26:1](../26/01.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '33', 'p2yq', 'translate-unknown', 'הַ\u2060קְּרָסִים֒', '1', 'clasps', 'The **clasps** fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:6](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '35', 'lv9e', '', 'הַ\u2060שֻּׁלְחָן֙ …הַ\u2060מְּנֹרָה֙', '1', 'The table must be on the north side', 'This is the **table** Yahweh told Moses how to make in [25:23-30](../25/23.md) and the **lampstand** he told him how to make in [25:31-39](../25/31.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '36', 'tiz7', '', '', '0', 'The table must be on the north side', 'See how you translated very similar text in [Exodus 26:1](../26/01.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '36', 'rr16', '', 'תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְ\u2060אַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְ\u2060תוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י', '1', 'blue, purple, and scarlet material', 'Possible meanings are (1) “yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple, and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:4](../25/04.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '36', 'f6td', 'translate-unknown', 'וְ\u2060שֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֑ר', '1', 'fine twined linen', 'This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '36', 'r2fy', 'translate-unknown', 'רֹקֵֽם', '1', 'an embroiderer', '“a person who sews designs into cloth” or “a person who embroiders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '26', '37', 'av60', '', '', '0', 'an embroiderer', 'See how you translated very similar instructions in [verse 32](../26/32.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', 'intro', 'x4f7', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 27 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.
- v. 1-8: Instructions for constructing the altar
- v. 9-19: Instructions for constructing the outer curtain walls forming the courtyard around the sacred tent
- v. 20-21: Instructions for the lampstand
## Special concepts in this chapter
### The tent of meeting
This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building (around the tent of meeting) of the courtyard area containing the altar where priests made sacrifices to Yahweh.
## Potential translation issues
- The verb **make** at the beginning of [verse 9](../27/09.md) is the only verb from verses 9-18. Some languages may be able to translate a clause chain this long without additional verbs, others (including English), will need to supply at least a minimum number of verbs (ULT) or quite a few verbs (UST) for naturalness.
- There continues to be a number of possibly unknown terms, still all tangible objects.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '1', 's8qy', 'translate-bdistance', 'חָמֵשׁ֩ אַמּ֨וֹת…וְ\u2060חָמֵ֧שׁ אַמּ֣וֹת…וְ\u2060שָׁלֹ֥שׁ אַמּ֖וֹת', '1', 'cubits', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people, if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46 centimeters. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 2.3 meters … 2.3 meters … 138 centimeters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '4', 'hsq3', '', 'רֶ֣שֶׁת', '1', 'grate', 'a frame of crossed metal bars for holding wood when burning']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '4', 'vlau', '', '', '1', 'grate', 'You may want to refer back to several other passages regarding making rings for carrying poles when translating this verse. See [Exo 25:12](../25/12.md), [Exo 25:26](../25/26.md), & [Exo 25:27](../25/27.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '5', 'c5em', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060נָתַתָּ֣ה אֹתָ֗\u2060הּ תַּ֛חַת כַּרְכֹּ֥ב הַ\u2060מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ מִ\u2060לְּ\u2060מָ֑טָּה וְ\u2060הָיְתָ֣ה הָ\u2060רֶ֔שֶׁת עַ֖ד חֲצִ֥י הַ\u2060מִּזְבֵּֽחַ', '1', 'You must put the grate under the ledge of the altar', 'The grate was placed inside the altar. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “And you shall put the grate under the rim of the altar, on the inside of the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '7', 'b3yx', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060הוּבָ֥א אֶת־בַּדָּ֖י\u2060ו', '1', 'The poles must be put into the rings, and the poles must be on the two sides of the altar, to carry it', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “And you shall put its poles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '8', 'ecmh', 'figs-123person', 'הֶרְאָ֥ה', '1', 'The poles must be put into the rings, and the poles must be on the two sides of the altar, to carry it', 'Here, **he** refers to Yahweh in the third person. If it would be unnatural in your language for someone to refer to himself in this way, you may need to change it. Alternate translation: “I showed” or “Yahweh showed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '8', 'frcs', 'figs-123person', 'יַעֲשֽׂוּ', '1', 'The poles must be put into the rings, and the poles must be on the two sides of the altar, to carry it', 'Here, **they** refers to whoever will make all these items. It is an indication that even though Yahweh has been speaking to Moses in the singular throughout, these instructions are meant to be conveyed to craftsmen in Israel. See [25:intro](../25/intro.md) for more. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '9', 'v748', 'translate-unknown', 'שֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֗ר', '1', 'fine twined linen', 'This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:4](../25/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '9', 'ce9a', 'translate-bdistance', 'מֵאָ֤ה בָֽ\u2060אַמָּה֙', '1', 'one hundred cubits', 'You can convert this length to a measurement system familiar to your people, if that is the style of translation that you are using. The **cubits** are each approximately 46 centimeters. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 46 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '10', 'qq8f', '', 'וְ\u2060עַמֻּדָ֣י\u2060ו עֶשְׂרִ֔ים וְ\u2060אַדְנֵי\u2060הֶ֥ם עֶשְׂרִ֖ים נְחֹ֑שֶׁת', '1', 'one hundred cubits', 'Here, **bronze** may refer to both the **pillars** and the **bases** or just to the **bases.** The pillars inside the tent were of wood overlaid with gold; these may be wood overlaid with bronze.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '11', 'gjg5', '', '', '0', 'there must be hangings one hundred cubits long', 'See how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 27:9-10](../27/09.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '11', 'ynao', 'figs-ellipsis', 'מֵ֣אָה', '1', 'there must be hangings one hundred cubits long', 'Here, “cubits” is omitted because it is understood as a repetition of the instructions in verse 9. Alternate translation: “100 cubits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '11', 'xev2', 'translate-bdistance', 'מֵ֣אָה', '1', 'there must be hangings one hundred cubits long', 'You can convert this length to a measurement system familiar to your people, if that is the style of translation that you are using. A cubit is approximately 46 centimeters. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 46 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '12', 'p4u4', 'translate-bdistance', 'חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אַמָּ֑ה', '1', 'there must be a curtain', 'You can convert this length to a measurement system familiar to your people, if that is the style of translation that you are using. The **cubits** are each approximately 46 centimeters. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 23 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '13', 'w2sg', 'translate-bdistance', 'חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אַמָּֽה', '1', 'The courtyard must also be fifty cubits long', 'You can convert this length to a measurement system familiar to your people, if that is the style of translation that you are using. The **cubits** are each approximately 46 centimeters. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 23 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '14', 'u8nm', 'translate-bdistance', 'וַ\u2060חֲמֵ֨שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה', '1', 'fifteen cubits', 'You can convert this length to a measurement system familiar to your people, if that is the style of translation that you are using. Each of the **cubits** is approximately 46 centimeters. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 6.9 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '14', 'z8n2', '', 'עַמֻּדֵי\u2060הֶ֣ם', '1', 'posts', 'These were strong pieces of wood set upright and used as supports. See how you translated these in [Exodus 27:10](../27/10.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '14', 'gz7s', '', 'וְ\u2060אַדְנֵי\u2060הֶ֖ם', '1', 'bases', 'These were metal blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '15', 's2cc', 'translate-bdistance', 'חְמֵ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה', '1', 'fifteen cubits', 'You can convert this length to a measurement system familiar to your people, if that is the style of translation that you are using. A cubit is approximately 46 centimeters. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 6.9 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '15', 'hlzp', '', 'עַמֻּדֵי\u2060הֶ֣ם', '1', 'posts', 'These **posts** were strong pieces of wood set upright and used as supports. See how you translated these in [Exodus 27:10](../27/10.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '15', 'o49h', '', 'וְ\u2060אַדְנֵי\u2060הֶ֖ם', '1', 'bases', 'These were metal blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '16', 'kn9u', '', '', '0', 'blue, purple, and scarlet material and fine twined linen', 'See how you translated a nearly identical passage in [26:36](../26/36.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '16', 'g5wi', 'translate-bdistance', 'עֶשְׂרִ֣ים אַמָּ֗ה', '1', 'an embroiderer', 'You can convert this length to a measurement system familiar to your people, if that is the style of translation that you are using. Each of the **cubits** is approximately 46 centimeters. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 9.2m (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '18', 'wt7n', 'translate-bdistance', 'מֵאָ֨ה בָֽ\u2060אַמָּ֜ה…חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים בַּ\u2060חֲמִשִּׁ֗ים…חָמֵ֥שׁ אַמּ֖וֹת', '1', 'one hundred cubits', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people, if that is the style of translation that you are using. Each of the **cubits** is approximately 46 centimeters. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 46 meters … 23 meters … 2.3 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '18', 'mu6b', 'figs-ellipsis', 'חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים בַּ\u2060חֲמִשִּׁ֗ים', '1', 'one hundred cubits', 'Here, “cubits” is omitted because it is understood as a repetition of the instructions in verse 9. Alternate translation: “50 cubits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '19', 'bs7c', 'translate-unknown', 'יְתֵדֹתָ֛י\u2060ו …יִתְדֹ֥ת', '1', 'tent pegs', 'The **tent pegs** are strong, sharp pieces of metal used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground or tied to ropes to create tension on something standing upright, to stabilize it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '21', 'p7ru', 'figs-synecdoche', 'הָ\u2060עֵדֻ֗ת', '1', 'ark of testimony', 'This refers to the chest that contains the sacred slabs of stone on which Yahweh had written his commandments. If it would be more clear to your readers you may include a reference to the chest. Alternate translation: “is the Box of the Testimony” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '21', 'nlwz', '', 'אֹת֨\u2060וֹ יַעֲרֹךְ֩ אֹת֨\u2060וֹ', '1', 'ark of testimony', 'Here, **it** refers to the lamp mentioned in the previous verse and **arrange** means to set it up for burning, and light it. Alternate translation: “shall set up the lampstand and light it”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '21', 'j41s', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה', '1', 'ark of testimony', 'Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “in front of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '27', '21', 'vr7m', '', 'חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְ\u2060דֹ֣רֹתָ֔\u2060ם מֵ\u2060אֵ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל', '1', 'This requirement will be a lasting statute', 'See how you translated a similar statement in [12:14](../12/14.md)']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', 'intro', 'r3yx', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 28 General Notes
## Structure
- v. 1: Introduction - Aaron and sons will become priests
- v. 2-5: General introduction of sacred clothing
- v. 6-14: Instructions for the ephod
- v. 9-14: Instructions regarding stones on ephod
- v. 15-28: Instructions for the breastpiece
- v. 17-21: Instructions regarding stones on breastpiece
- v. 22-28: Instructions for mounting the breastpiece on the ephod
- v. 29-30: Aaron should wear things over his heart
- v 31-35: Instructions for making the robe with bells and pomegranates
- v. 36-38: Instructions regarding the turban
- v. 39-41: Closing general instructions regarding clothing
- v. 42-43: Instructions on making and wearing undergarments
- v. 43b: Closing statement
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Holy garments
Because Yahweh is holy, only the priests could approach him, and when they did they must be wearing specially made clothing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Potential translation issues
- Verses 17-20 list 12 kinds of stone. Scholars are not sure which kinds of stones the Hebrew words refer to. Some translations list different stones. The UST gives the probable color of the gemstone. Translators may use names of familiar gem stones.
']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '1', 'e1xb', 'figs-you', 'וְ\u2060אַתָּ֡ה', '1', 'Call to yourself', 'Here **you** refers to Moses, in this case it is something he must do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '1', 'w9ls', 'translate-kinship', 'אַהֲרֹ֨ן אָחִ֜י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'Call to yourself', 'Aaron is older than Moses. If your language uses a different term for the sibling relationship based on gender and age order, choose the appropriate one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '1', 'ofgr', 'translate-names', 'נָדָ֧ב וַ\u2060אֲבִיה֛וּא…וְ\u2060אִיתָמָ֖ר', '1', 'Call to yourself', 'These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '3', 'n17y', 'figs-you', 'וְ\u2060אַתָּ֗ה', '1', 'Call to yourself', 'Here **you** refers to Moses, in this case it is something he must do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '3', 'c9pv', 'figs-parallelism', 'אֶל־כָּל־חַכְמֵי־לֵ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִלֵּאתִ֖י\u2060ו ר֣וּחַ חָכְמָ֑ה', '1', 'Call to yourself', 'There is a little bit of parallelism here. Yahweh is clarifying who causes someone to be **wise of heart**. You could translate this in a more causal way if that would make more sense. Alternate translation: “to anyone whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom making them wise of heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '3', 'wt7m', 'figs-metonymy', 'אֶל־כָּל־חַכְמֵי־לֵ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִלֵּאתִ֖י\u2060ו ר֣וּחַ חָכְמָ֑ה', '1', 'Call to yourself', 'Here, **heart** and **spirit** are both referring to innate possession by a person that is, traits of a person. **Wisdom** refers to skill or talent with crafting in this case. Together **wise of heart** and **filled with the spirit of wisdom** both essentially mean “a talented craftsman.” If it is more clear to your readers you may consider making some of this more explicit. Alternate translation: “to every talented craftsman, those whom I have made skilled in their work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '4', 'tr5e', '', 'וּ\u2060כְתֹ֥נֶת תַּשְׁבֵּ֖ץ', '1', 'a coat of woven work', 'We do not know what word translated **of woven work** means as it only occurs here and in [verse 39](../28/39.md) as a verb. Alternate translation: “and a chequered tunic”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '4', 'dz5h', 'translate-unknown', 'מִצְנֶ֣פֶת', '1', 'turban', 'This is a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. You may translate it using a word commonly used for a similar item in your culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '4', 'k184', 'translate-unknown', 'וְ\u2060אַבְנֵ֑ט', '1', 'sash', 'This a piece of cloth that people wear around their waist or across their chest. You may translate it using a word commonly used for a similar item in your culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '5', 'rxke', 'translate-unknown', 'וְ\u2060אֶת־הַ\u2060תְּכֵ֖לֶת וְ\u2060אֶת־הָֽ\u2060אַרְגָּמָ֑ן וְ\u2060אֶת־תּוֹלַ֥עַת הַ\u2060שָּׁנִ֖י', '1', 'sash', 'Possible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. The original audience would have known what was meant. This material seems to have been used for embroidery later, so “yarn” or ”thread” may be the best understanding. See how you translated this in [25:4](../25/04.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '5', 'pfq5', 'translate-unknown', 'תּוֹלַ֥עַת הַ\u2060שָּׁנִ֖י', '1', 'sash', 'A bright red color for dying cloth was extracted from these worms. Alternate translation: “and bright red” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '6', 'u3rx', 'translate-unknown', 'וְ\u2060שֵׁ֥שׁ מָשְׁזָ֖ר', '1', 'fine-twined linen', 'This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). Alternate translation: “finely-twined linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '6', 'k3bj', '', 'חֹשֵֽׁב', '1', 'skillful craftsman', 'This refers to a person who can make beautiful objects by hand.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '7', 'dpph', '', 'שְׁתֵּ֧י כְתֵפֹ֣ת חֹֽבְרֹ֗ת יִֽהְיֶה־לּ֛\u2060וֹ אֶל־שְׁנֵ֥י קְצוֹתָ֖י\u2060ו וְ\u2060חֻבָּֽר', '1', 'skillful craftsman', 'This likely meant creating some sort of fastening at the top by the shoulders to attach the front of the ephod to its back. Alternate translation: “They shall make it so that the front and back attach to each other at the shoulders”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '7', 'wt20', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060חֻבָּֽר', '1', 'skillful craftsman', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “join it together that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '8', 'u5av', '', 'אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלָ֔י\u2060ו כְּ\u2060מַעֲשֵׂ֖\u2060הוּ מִמֶּ֣\u2060נּוּ', '1', 'it must be made of one piece', 'This is saying that the sash should be attached to the ephod, perhaps cut from the same material used to make the rest of the ephod.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '9', 'c4ia', 'translate-unknown', 'אַבְנֵי־שֹׁ֑הַם', '1', 'onyx stones', 'These are valuable stones that have layers of white and black, red or brown. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '9', 's2yd', 'translate-numbers', 'שְׁתֵּ֖י', '1', 'onyx stones', '“2” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '10', 'h5mr', 'translate-numbers', 'שִׁשָּׁה֙ …הַ\u2060שִּׁשָּׁ֧ה', '1', 'onyx stones', '“6 … 6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '10', 'zlte', '', 'כְּ\u2060תוֹלְדֹתָֽ\u2060ם', '1', 'onyx stones', '“according to their birth order”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '11', 'dv8k', '', 'פִּתּוּחֵ֣י חֹתָ֗ם', '1', 'With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engraving on a signet', '“in the same way a person engraves on a seal”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '11', 'x1xc', 'translate-unknown', 'חָרַשׁ֮ אֶבֶן֒', '1', 'engraver', 'This is a person who cuts designs into a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal. Alternate translation: “of a detailed stone cutter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '11', 'cm3f', 'translate-unknown', 'חֹתָ֗ם', '1', 'signet', 'This is an engraved stone used to stamp a design into a wax seal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '11', 'gh2r', 'translate-unknown', 'מִשְׁבְּצ֥וֹת', '1', 'settings', 'These are pieces of metal that hold the stones onto the ephod. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '12', 'ypfd', '', 'זִכָּרֹ֖ן …לְ\u2060זִכָּרֹֽן', '1', 'settings', 'The text does not specify if Yahweh or Aaron or someone else is the one being reminded by the stones. It also does not specify exactly what the reminder is of. Try to maintain this ambiguity if possible in your translation.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '12', 'shn5', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֧י', '1', 'settings', 'Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “in the presence of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '13', 'pi4x', 'translate-unknown', 'מִשְׁבְּצֹ֖ת', '1', 'settings', 'These are pieces of metal that hold each stone onto the ephod. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:11](../28/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '14', 'e746', '', 'וּ\u2060שְׁתֵּ֤י שַׁרְשְׁרֹת֙ זָהָ֣ב טָה֔וֹר מִגְבָּלֹ֛ת תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָ֖\u2060ם מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה עֲבֹ֑ת', '1', 'two braided chains of pure gold like cords', '“and you shall make two chains of pure gold that are braided like cords”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '15', 'sf8e', '', 'מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה חֹשֵׁ֔ב כְּ\u2060מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה אֵפֹ֖ד תַּעֲשֶׂ֑\u2060נּוּ', '1', 'the work of a skillful workman, fashioned like the ephod', '“a skillful workman will make it like the ephod”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '16', 'cny4', 'translate-bdistance', 'זֶ֥רֶת …וְ\u2060זֶ֥רֶת', '1', 'span', 'You can convert this length to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A span is approximately 23 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '16', 'onj6', '', 'רָב֥וּעַ יִֽהְיֶ֖ה כָּפ֑וּל', '1', 'span', '“fold it in half so it will be square”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '17', 'spd4', 'translate-unknown', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Twelve kinds of stone are listed in the next four verses. Scholars are not sure which kinds of stones the Hebrew words refer to. Some translations list different stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '17', 'n1ys', 'translate-unknown', 'אֹ֤דֶם פִּטְדָה֙ וּ\u2060בָרֶ֔קֶת', '1', 'ruby…topaz…garnet', 'These are precious stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '18', 'qq9g', 'translate-ordinal', 'וְ\u2060הַ\u2060טּ֖וּר הַ\u2060שֵּׁנִ֑י', '1', 'emerald…diamond', '“And row 2:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '18', 'ga1v', 'translate-unknown', 'נֹ֥פֶךְ סַפִּ֖יר וְ\u2060יָהֲלֹֽם', '1', 'emerald…diamond', 'These are precious stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '18', 'a5rr', 'translate-unknown', 'סַפִּ֖יר', '1', 'sapphire', 'This is a gemstone that is blue in color. See how you translated this in [Exodus 24:10](../24/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '19', 'uw42', 'translate-ordinal', 'וְ\u2060הַ\u2060טּ֖וּר הַ\u2060שְּׁלִישִׁ֑י', '1', 'sapphire', '“And row 3:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '19', 'z17r', 'translate-unknown', 'לֶ֥שֶׁם שְׁב֖וֹ וְ\u2060אַחְלָֽמָה', '1', 'jacinth…agate…amethyst', 'These are precious stones (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '20', 'ekaf', 'translate-ordinal', 'וְ\u2060הַ\u2060טּוּר֙ הָ\u2060רְבִיעִ֔י', '1', 'jacinth…agate…amethyst', '“And row 4:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '20', 'ul2e', 'translate-unknown', 'תַּרְשִׁ֥ישׁ וְ\u2060שֹׁ֖הַם וְ\u2060יָשְׁפֵ֑ה', '1', 'beryl…jasper', 'These are precious stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '20', 'rgf6', 'translate-unknown', 'וְ\u2060שֹׁ֖הַם', '1', 'onyx', 'This is a valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown. See how you translated these in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '20', 'pw5h', 'figs-activepassive', 'מְשֻׁבָּצִ֥ים זָהָ֛ב יִהְי֖וּ', '1', 'They must be mounted in gold settings', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You shall set them in gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '21', 'z8mw', 'translate-unknown', 'פִּתּוּחֵ֤י חוֹתָם֙', '1', 'signet ring', 'A signet is an engraved stone used to stamp a design into a wax seal. Here the stone is mounted on a ring. See how you translated “signet” in [Exodus 28:11](../28/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '22', 'm7yl', 'translate-unknown', 'שַֽׁרְשֹׁ֥ת גַּבְלֻ֖ת מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה עֲבֹ֑ת זָהָ֖ב טָהֽוֹר', '1', 'chains like cords, braided work of pure gold', '“chains that are made of pure gold and are braided like cords.” See how you translated similar phrases in [Exodus 28:14](../28/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '25', 'd8y3', 'figs-metonymy', 'אֶל־מ֥וּל פָּנָֽי\u2060ו', '1', 'braided chains', 'Here, **face** simply refers to the object (the ephod). Alternate translation: “on its front side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '25', 'a4lc', 'figs-explicit', 'עַל־שְׁתֵּ֣י הַֽ\u2060מִּשְׁבְּצ֑וֹת', '1', 'to the two settings', 'These are two settings that enclose the stones. This can be clearly stated in the translation. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '27', 'f2nn', 'figs-metonymy', 'פָּנָ֔י\u2060ו', '1', 'braided chains', 'Here, **face** simply refers to the object (the ephod). Alternate translation: “on its front side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '27', 'vw1w', 'translate-unknown', 'לְ\u2060חֵ֖שֶׁב', '1', 'finely-woven waistband', 'This was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '28', 'se56', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060לֹֽא־יִזַּ֣ח הַ\u2060חֹ֔שֶׁן מֵ\u2060עַ֖ל', '1', 'so that it might be attached', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that the breastpiece shall stay attached to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '28', 'wf9v', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'וְ\u2060לֹֽא־יִזַּ֣ח הַ\u2060חֹ֔שֶׁן מֵ\u2060עַ֖ל', '1', 'the breastpiece might not become unattached from the ephod', 'This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “so that the breastpiece shall stay attached to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '29', 'z1mz', '', 'שְׁמ֨וֹת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל', '1', 'he must carry the names of the people of Israel over his heart in the breastpiece', 'This refers to the names of the tribes engraved on the twelve stones the breastplate as described in [Exodus 28:17-21](./17.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '29', 'cc97', '', 'עַל־לִבּ֖\u2060וֹ', '1', 'over his heart', '“over Aaron’s heart” or “on his chest”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '30', 'dgn9', 'translate-unknown', 'הָ\u2060אוּרִים֙ וְ\u2060אֶת־הַ\u2060תֻּמִּ֔ים', '1', 'the Urim and the Thummim', 'It not clear what these are. They were objects, possibly stones, that the priest used to determine somehow the will of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '30', 'f537', 'translate-unknown', 'וְ\u2060נָשָׂ֣א אַ֠הֲרֹן אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֨ט בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל עַל־לִבּ֛\u2060וֹ לִ\u2060פְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה תָּמִֽיד', '1', 'the Urim and the Thummim…the means for making decisions', 'The second phrase appears to refer to the Urim and Thummim and explain their purpose. Alternate translation: “And Aaron shall bear the decisions for the sons of Israel over his heart before Yahweh continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '30', 'fep5', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה…לִ\u2060פְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה', '1', 'the Urim and the Thummim…the means for making decisions', 'Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “before Yahweh … before Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '32', 'x42n', '', 'מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֹרֵ֗ג', '1', 'This must be the work of a weaver', 'This can be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “A weaver must make this robe”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '32', 'rw96', 'translate-unknown', 'אֹרֵ֗ג', '1', 'a weaver', '“a person who weaves” or “a person who creates cloth using thread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '32', 't60l', 'translate-unknown', 'תַחְרָ֛א', '1', 'a weaver', 'We do not know what this term means, but the implication seems to be that the collar should be made strong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '32', 'ubhg', 'figs-activepassive', 'לֹ֥א יִקָּרֵֽעַ', '1', 'a weaver', 'You can translate this in another form. Alternate translation: see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '33', 'qm1f', 'translate-unknown', 'תְּכֵ֤לֶת וְ\u2060אַרְגָּמָן֙ וְ\u2060תוֹלַ֣עַת שָׁנִ֔י', '1', 'pomegranates', 'Possible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. The original audience would have known what was meant. This material seems to have been used for embroidery later, so “yarn” or ”thread” may be the best understanding. See how you translated this in [25:4](../25/04.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '34', 'kl55', '', 'פַּעֲמֹ֤ן זָהָב֙ וְ\u2060רִמּ֔וֹן פַּֽעֲמֹ֥ן זָהָ֖ב וְ\u2060רִמּ֑וֹן', '1', 'a golden bell and a pomegranate', 'This phrase is repeated to show the pattern of the design on the robe. Alternate translation: “alternate pomegranates and golden bells”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '35', 'pf61', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060נִשְׁמַ֣ע ק֠וֹל\u2060וֹ', '1', 'so that its sound can be heard', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that the bells make a sound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '35', 'fmqu', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֧י יְהוָ֛ה', '1', 'so that its sound can be heard', 'Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “before Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '35', 'ky8s', 'figs-123person', 'יְהוָ֛ה', '1', 'so that its sound can be heard', 'Here, Yahweh refers to himself in the third person, if it would be more natural in your language you may need to change this to first person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '35', 'qtf9', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֥א יָמֽוּת', '1', 'This is so that he does not die', 'The probable implication is that he would die because he did not obey Yahweh. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “As a result, he will not die because of disobeying my instructions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '36', 'mzej', 'translate-unknown', 'צִּ֖יץ', '1', 'engrave on it, like the engraving on a signet', 'We do not know exactly what this was. It was probably a thin piece of gold smaller than the palm of someone’s hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '36', 'nd2q', 'translate-unknown', 'וּ\u2060פִתַּחְתָּ֤ עָלָי\u2060ו֙ פִּתּוּחֵ֣י חֹתָ֔ם', '1', 'engrave on it, like the engraving on a signet', '“write on it in the same way a person engraves on a seal.” See how you translated similar words in [Exodus 28:11](../28/11.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '37', 'qka6', 'translate-unknown', 'הַ\u2060מִּצְנָ֑פֶת …הַ\u2060מִּצְנֶ֖פֶת', '1', 'turban', 'This was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '37', 'lxq8', 'figs-metonymy', 'אֶל־מ֥וּל פְּנֵֽי־הַ\u2060מִּצְנֶ֖פֶת', '1', 'turban', 'Here, **face** means the front. Alternate translation: “to the front of the turban” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '38', 'frqm', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060נָשָׂ֨א אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן הַ\u2060קֳּדָשִׁ֗ים', '1', 'turban', 'Here, **iniquity** is pictured as something that can be carried or worn like the turban. It also seems to be picturing handing off the iniquity from the people to Aaron. Also, here, **iniquity** actually seems to refer to the punishment for anything that might be wrong regarding the things the Israelites offer Yahweh. You may need to use a different word than **bear** to convey the transfer of responsibility for wrongs from the people to Aaron. Alternate translation: “and Aaron shall be responsible for any wrong related to the holy things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '38', 'chuz', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה', '1', 'turban', 'Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “before Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '38', 'jbt4', 'figs-123person', 'יְהוָֽה', '1', 'turban', 'Here, Yahweh refers to himself in the third person, if it would be more natural in your language you may need to change this to first person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '39', 't5vj', 'translate-unknown', 'מִצְנֶ֣פֶת', '1', 'turban', 'This was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '39', 'yi1l', 'translate-unknown', 'וְ\u2060אַבְנֵ֥ט', '1', 'sash', 'A sash is a decorative piece of cloth that a person wears around his waist or across his chest. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '39', 'i62z', 'translate-unknown', 'רֹקֵֽם', '1', 'the work of an embroiderer', 'An embroiderer is a person who sews designs into cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '40', 'pfs2', 'translate-unknown', 'אַבְנֵטִ֑ים', '1', 'sashes', 'A sash is a decorative piece of cloth that a person wears around his waist or across his chest. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '40', 'v2tj', 'translate-unknown', 'וּ\u2060מִגְבָּעוֹת֙', '1', 'headbands', 'A headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '41', 'xa75', 'translate-kinship', 'אַהֲרֹ֣ן אָחִ֔י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'You must clothe Aaron your brother', 'His **brother** Aaron was three years older than Moses (see [Exodus 7:7](../07/07.md)), which may be important for translating “brother” in some languages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '41', 'agey', 'figs-idiom', 'וּ\u2060מִלֵּאתָ֧ אֶת־יָדָ֛\u2060ם', '1', 'You must clothe Aaron your brother', 'This seems to be an idiom for giving authority to someone. Alternate translation: “and you shall ordain them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '42', 'vz62', 'translate-unknown', 'מִכְנְסֵי', '1', 'undergarments', 'These are clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '28', '42', 'm1bi', 'figs-euphemism', 'בְּשַׂ֣ר עֶרְוָ֑ה', '1', 'undergarments', 'This is an euphemism for the male genitalia. You may translate it using an appropriate euphemism in your culture. Alternate translation: “their private parts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', 'intro', 'xmd9', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 29 General Notes
Large translation teams working on multiple books at the same time should note that this chapter is very similar to Leviticus 8.
## Structure
As you translate, you may perceive a different structure in this chapter than what is below. Feel free to organize in a way that is clear in your language. This chapter is really one united whole, the outline below is one possible way of subdividing it.
The Consecration of the Priests
- v. 1-3 Preparing items
- v. 4-9 Preparing Aaron and his sons
- v. 10-14 Sacrificing the bull to purify the altar
- v. 15-34 Sacrificing the rams
- v. 15-18 The first ram wholly burned
- v. 19-28 The second ram used for consecrating and divided for eating
- v. 29-30 Priestly succession
- v. 31-34 More instructions regarding eating the second ram
- v. 35-37 Instructions to do all this for seven days
- v. 38-41 Instructions for perpetual offerings
- v. 42-46 Yahweh’s affirmation
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Consecrating priests
This chapter records the process of consecrating priests. The priests were to be set apart from the rest of Israel because Yahweh is holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Forms of you
For this chapter, it seems that the singular you that Yahweh has been using to give Moses general instructions for the last several chapters actually refers to Moses himself. If you have been translating the instructions using a plural form of you or by shifting the instructions to the third person, you should switch back to a singular form referring directly to Moses for this chapter.
### “I will live among the Israelites”
As God, Yahweh is everywhere and cannot be limited to a single space. This phrase indicates that he permanently remains within Israel in a special way while they have the ark.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '1', 'd6gk', 'writing-newevent', 'וְ\u2060זֶ֨ה', '1', 'Now', 'A new scene begins here, there is a change in topic from instructions for making garments for priests to consecrating priests. This may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '1', 'z78h', 'writing-pronouns', 'תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה', '1', 'you must do', 'Here **you** refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '1', 'ld5s', 'writing-pronouns', 'לָ\u2060הֶ֛ם', '1', 'to set them apart', '“to Aaron and his sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '1', 'dq2c', 'writing-pronouns', 'לִ֑\u2060י', '1', 'serve me', 'Here **me** refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '1', 'jhj3', 'figs-idiom', 'בֶּן־בָּקָ֛ר', '1', 'serve me', 'This is an idiom meaning young. If you do not have a similar idiom you may translate the meaning. Alternate translation: “a young one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '2', 'ptm7', 'figs-activepassive', 'בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּ\u2060שֶּׁ֔מֶן…מְשֻׁחִ֣ים בַּ\u2060שָּׁ֑מֶן', '1', 'Also take wafers without yeast rubbed with oil', 'These can be stated in active form. You may need to shorten the sentences and make the alternate translation content separate sentences or mark it off with special punctuation. Alternate translation: “(mix them with oil) … (rub them with oil)” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '2', 'wkyb', '', 'וּ\u2060רְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֣ים בַּ\u2060שָּׁ֑מֶן', '1', 'Also take wafers without yeast rubbed with oil', 'These may have been rubbed with oil before or after baking.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '2', 'r449', 'translate-unknown', 'וְ\u2060חַלֹּ֤ת…וּ\u2060רְקִיקֵ֥י', '1', 'bread…cakes…wafers', 'These are different kinds of food made from flour. While all the breads were somewhat flat because they were unleavened, the **cakes** were a bread enriched with oil and the **wafers** were especially thin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '3', 'gm58', 'writing-pronouns', 'אוֹתָ\u2060ם֙', '1', 'You must put them', '“the bread, cake, and wafer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '3', 'cd6m', '', 'וְ\u2060הִקְרַבְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖\u2060ם בַּ\u2060סָּ֑ל וְ\u2060אֶ֨ת־הַ\u2060פָּ֔ר וְ\u2060אֵ֖ת שְׁנֵ֥י הָ\u2060אֵילִֽם', '1', 'present them with the bull and the two rams', 'Here, **in the basket** is almost parenthetical. You may need to restructure the sentence or use punctuation to make it clear that **the bull and the two rams** are connected to **bring** not, **in the basket.** Alternate translation: “and you shall bring them near (in the basket) along with the bull and the two rams”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '4', 'a6rz', '', 'אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד', '1', 'tent of meeting', 'This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/21.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '5', 'pr4i', 'translate-unknown', 'בְּ\u2060חֵ֖שֶׁב', '1', 'finely-woven waistband', 'This was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '6', 'ap2x', 'translate-unknown', 'הַ\u2060מִּצְנֶ֖פֶת …הַ\u2060מִּצְנָֽפֶת', '1', 'turban', 'This was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '6', 'y59s', 'translate-unknown', 'נֵ֥זֶר הַ\u2060קֹּ֖דֶשׁ', '1', 'holy crown', 'This crown is described in [Exodus 28:36](../28/36.md) as being engraved with the words “Holy to Yahweh” and made of pure gold. There it is referred to by a different Hebrew word, translated “rosette.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '7', 'rwuj', 'translate-unknown', 'שֶׁ֣מֶן הַ\u2060מִּשְׁחָ֔ה', '1', 'holy crown', 'See how you translated this in [25:6](../25/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '8', 'v46k', 'writing-pronouns', 'בָּנָ֖י\u2060ו', '1', 'bring his sons', '“Aaron’s sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '8', 'jtc7', 'translate-unknown', 'כֻּתֳּנֹֽת', '1', 'coats', 'These were coats with a design woven into them. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '9', 'j3a8', 'translate-unknown', 'אַבְנֵ֜ט', '1', 'sashes', 'A sash is a decorative piece of cloth that people wear around their waist or across their chest. See how you translated this word in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '9', 'bh2d', 'translate-unknown', 'מִגְבָּעֹ֔ת', '1', 'headbands', 'A headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:40](../28/40.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '9', 'r1x4', 'translate-unknown', 'כְּהֻנָּ֖ה', '1', 'The work of the priesthood', 'Here, **priesthood** means the official office of priest. Alternate translation: “the duty of being priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '9', 'ze9l', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060הָיְתָ֥ה לָ\u2060הֶ֛ם', '1', 'will belong to them', 'The duty of being priests will also belong to the descendants of Aaron’s sons. You can state this clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “And … will belong to them and their descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '9', 'p7m9', '', 'לְ\u2060חֻקַּ֣ת עוֹלָ֑ם', '1', 'permanent law', '“a law that will not end.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:43](../28/43.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '9', 'zbzk', 'figs-idiom', 'מִלֵּאתָ֥ יַֽד־אַהֲרֹ֖ן וְ\u2060יַד־בָּנָֽי\u2060ו', '1', 'permanent law', 'This seems to be an idiom for giving authority to someone. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:41](../28/41.md). Alternate translation: “And you shall ordain Aaron and his sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '9', 'jhwb', '', 'וּ\u2060מִלֵּאתָ֥ יַֽד־אַהֲרֹ֖ן וְ\u2060יַד־בָּנָֽי\u2060ו', '1', 'tent of meeting', 'Interpretations of this phrase vary. Some take it to mean that the actions previous to this statement describe the consecrating of Aaron and his sons as priests. And at this point they are ordained. Others suggest this phrase may introduce the following material as the consecration process. However, because there are several statements regarding this consecration (literally filling the hand) throughout the chapter (see verses 29, 33, and 35), it may also merely be a summary and reminder statement of the purpose of the entire process as the instructions transition from dressing the priests to the sacrificial portion of the ritual. It would probably be best to translate this in the way a mid-text summary reminder phrase would be spoken in your language, avoiding any indication that it refers only to the previous or following text.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '10', 'wjko', '', '', '0', 'tent of meeting', 'The sacrifice explained here through verse 14 is to purify or cleanse the altar. This is made more clear in [verses 36-37](../29/36.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '10', 'sgur', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד', '1', 'tent of meeting', 'Here, **face** refers to the front of the tent. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '10', 'rf0w', 'grammar-connect-time-simultaneous', 'וְ\u2060סָמַ֨ךְ אַהֲרֹ֧ן וּ\u2060בָנָ֛י\u2060ו אֶת־יְדֵי\u2060הֶ֖ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הַ\u2060פָּֽר', '1', 'tent of meeting', 'The slaughter of the bull in the next verse occurs while they continue to have their hands on the bull’s head. Take care to arrange the phrases and to use words or forms that indicate that the two events happened at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '12', 'c2ud', 'translate-unknown', 'קַרְנֹ֥ת', '1', 'the horns', 'These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '12', 'xdl5', '', 'כָּל־הַ\u2060דָּ֣ם', '1', 'the rest of the blood', '“the remaining blood”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '13', 'x2c5', '', 'וְ\u2060הִקְטַרְתָּ֖', '1', 'covers the inner parts', '“and burn them to make smoke”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '13', 'nsg6', 'translate-unknown', 'הַ\u2060כָּבֵ֔ד …הַ\u2060כְּלָיֹ֔ת', '1', 'liver…kidneys', 'These are organs in the body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '14', 'eza8', '', 'וְ\u2060אֶת־בְּשַׂ֤ר הַ\u2060פָּר֙ וְ\u2060אֶת־עֹר֣\u2060וֹ וְ\u2060אֶת', '1', 'But as for the bull’s flesh, as well as its skin and dung', '“But as for the remaining parts of the bull, including the flesh and”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '14', 'o262', '', 'מִ\u2060ח֖וּץ לַֽ\u2060מַּחֲנֶ֑ה', '1', 'But as for the bull’s flesh, as well as its skin and dung', '“outside the borders of where the Israelites are camped”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '15', 'pd0t', 'grammar-connect-time-simultaneous', 'סָ֨מְכ֜וּ אַהֲרֹ֧ן וּ\u2060בָנָ֛י\u2060ו אֶת־יְדֵי\u2060הֶ֖ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָ\u2060אָֽיִל', '1', 'But as for the bull’s flesh, as well as its skin and dung', 'The slaughter of the ram in the next verse occurs while they continue to have their hands on the ram’s head. Take care to arrange the phrases and to use words or forms that indicate that the two events happened at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '17', 'w2nb', 'translate-unknown', 'קִרְבּ\u2060וֹ֙', '1', 'the inner parts', '“the organs” See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:13](../29/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '18', 'qc2i', '', 'וְ\u2060הִקְטַרְתָּ֤ אֶת־כָּל־הָ\u2060אַ֨יִל֙', '1', 'on the altar', '“and burn all of the ram to make smoke”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '18', 'pwjk', 'figs-parallelism', 'עֹלָ֥ה ה֖וּא לַֽ\u2060יהוָ֑ה רֵ֣יחַ נִיח֔וֹחַ אִשֶּׁ֥ה לַ\u2060יהוָ֖ה הֽוּא', '1', 'on the altar', 'These phrases are in parallel with the second expanding and clarifying the first. In some languages, you may need to use a different structure to expand and clarify the **burnt offering.** Alternate translation: “It is a pleasing smelling burnt offering made by fire to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '19', 'zzsi', '', 'הַ\u2060שֵּׁנִ֑י', '1', 'on the altar', 'Except for **the second,** this verse is identical to [verse 15](../29/15.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '20', 'j6b1', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060שָׁחַטְתָּ֣ אֶת־הָ\u2060אַ֗יִל', '1', 'Then you must kill the ram', 'They killed the ram by cutting its throat. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “Then kill the ram by cutting its throat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '21', 'bxs6', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060לָקַחְתָּ֞ מִן־הַ\u2060דָּ֨ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַֽל־הַ\u2060מִּזְבֵּחַ֮ וּ\u2060מִ\u2060שֶּׁ֣מֶן הַ\u2060מִּשְׁחָה֒ וְ\u2060הִזֵּיתָ֤', '1', 'Aaron will then be set apart for me', 'Moses would mix the blood and oil. You may need to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And you shall take some of the blood that is on the altar and mix it with some of the oil of anointing and sprinkle it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '22', 'i3dc', 'translate-unknown', 'הַ\u2060קֶּ֗רֶב …הַ\u2060כָּבֵד֙ …הַ\u2060כָּבֵד֙', '1', 'inner parts…liver…kidney', 'These refer to organs inside the body. See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:13](../29/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '23', 'mcko', '', 'וְ\u2060כִכַּ֨ר לֶ֜חֶם אַחַ֗ת וַֽ\u2060חַלַּ֨ת לֶ֥חֶם שֶׁ֛מֶן אַחַ֖ת וְ\u2060רָקִ֣יק אֶחָ֑ד מִ\u2060סַּל֙ הַ\u2060מַּצּ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֖ר לִ\u2060פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה', '1', 'Take one loaf…before Yahweh', 'All of these items were in the basket mentioned in [verse 2](../29/02.md), not just the wafer. Be sure this is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “and from the basket of bread without yeast that is before the face of Yahweh: one round loaf of bread, and one cake of bread of oil, and one wafer”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '23', 'td8w', '', 'וְ\u2060כִכַּ֨ר לֶ֜חֶם אַחַ֗ת וַֽ\u2060חַלַּ֨ת לֶ֥חֶם שֶׁ֛מֶן אַחַ֖ת וְ\u2060רָקִ֣יק אֶחָ֑ד מִ\u2060סַּל֙ הַ\u2060מַּצּ֔וֹת', '1', 'Take one loaf…before Yahweh', 'For 29:23 see how you translated similar words in [Exodus 29:2](../29/02.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '23', 'hof9', 'figs-possession', 'וַֽ\u2060חַלַּ֨ת לֶ֥חֶם שֶׁ֛מֶן אַחַ֖ת', '1', 'Take one loaf…before Yahweh', 'This means the cake made with oil in the dough. Alternate translation: “and one cake of bread made with oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '23', 'i7vx', 'figs-metonymy', 'אֲשֶׁ֖ר לִ\u2060פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה', '1', 'that is before Yahweh', 'This means in the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “that you have placed before Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '24', 'b9bj', 'writing-pronouns', 'הַ\u2060כֹּ֔ל', '1', 'You must put these', 'Here, **all these** refers to the parts of the sacrifice mentioned in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '24', 'q6k5', 'figs-123person', 'וְ\u2060הֵנַפְתָּ֥', '1', 'You must put these', 'While the text reads, **you shall raise**, logically, it is Aaron and his sons who will raise the offerings at this point. It may be clearer to your readers to change the person here. Alternate translation: “and they shall raise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '24', 'xhhf', 'translate-symaction', 'וְ\u2060הֵנַפְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֛\u2060ם תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִ\u2060פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה', '1', 'You must put these', 'The act of raising the meat and bread symbolized dedicating it to Yahweh. The priests would be acting out handing the offering to him. You may need to make this clear in your language. Alternate translation: “and they shall show that they are giving them to me by holding them up to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '24', 'ypit', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה', '1', 'You must put these', 'This means in the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “before Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '25', 'e6bj', '', 'וְ\u2060הִקְטַרְתָּ֥ הַ\u2060מִּזְבֵּ֖חָ\u2060ה עַל־הָ\u2060עֹלָ֑ה לְ\u2060רֵ֤יחַ נִיח֨וֹחַ֙ לִ\u2060פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אִשֶּׁ֥ה ה֖וּא לַ\u2060יהוָֽה', '1', 'You must put these', 'See how you translated similar phrases in [verse 18](../29/18.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '26', 'bf71', '', 'מֵ\u2060אֵ֤יל הַ\u2060מִּלֻּאִים֙', '1', 'ram of dedication', 'See how you translated this in [verse 22](../29/22.md). Alternate translation: “ram that you dedicated”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '26', 'c21f', 'translate-symaction', 'וְ\u2060הֵנַפְתָּ֥ אֹת֛\u2060וֹ תְּנוּפָ֖ה', '1', 'Aaron’s ram of dedication', 'The act of raising the meat symbolized dedicating it to Yahweh. The priests would be acting out handing the offering to him. You may need to make this clear in your language. See how you translated this in [verse 24](../29/24.md). Alternate translation: “and show that you are giving it to me by holding it up to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '27', 'dzkx', 'translate-symaction', '', '1', 'Aaron’s ram of dedication', 'The act of raising the meat symbolized dedicating it to Yahweh. The priests would be acting out handing the offering to him. You may need to make this clear in your language. See how you translated this in [verse 24](../29/24.md). Alternate translation: “and show that you are giving it to me by holding it up to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '28', 'uc2d', '', 'וְ\u2060הָיָה֩ לְ\u2060אַהֲרֹ֨ן וּ\u2060לְ\u2060בָנָ֜י\u2060ו לְ\u2060חָק־עוֹלָ֗ם מֵ\u2060אֵת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֥י תְרוּמָ֖ה ה֑וּא', '1', 'This will be a perpetual share for Aaron and his sons', '“This offering is what Aaron and his sons will always receive from the people”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '28', 'q3ms', '', 'מֵ\u2060אֵת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֥י תְרוּמָ֖ה ה֑וּא וּ\u2060תְרוּמָ֞ה יִהְיֶ֨ה מֵ\u2060אֵ֤ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִ\u2060זִּבְחֵ֣י שַׁלְמֵי\u2060הֶ֔ם תְּרוּמָתָ֖\u2060ם לַ\u2060יהוָֽה', '1', 'This will be a perpetual share for Aaron and his sons', 'The amount of repetition in this verse may make it difficult to translate smoothly. You may consider combining some of them if that would work better in your language. Alternate translation: “for the Israelites must offer this portion from what they bring to Yahweh as peace offerings to them”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '29', 'a59z', 'figs-idiom', 'וּ\u2060לְ\u2060מַלֵּא־בָ֖\u2060ם אֶת־יָדָֽ\u2060ם', '1', 'The holy garments of Aaron must also be reserved for his sons after him', 'This seems to be an idiom for giving authority to someone. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:41](../28/41.md). Alternate translation: “to ordain them in them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '31', 'l3xk', '', 'אֵ֥יל הַ\u2060מִּלֻּאִ֖ים', '1', 'the ram for the installation of the priests', 'This refers to the second ram, the one described in [verses 19](../29/19.md) and following.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '31', 'u9kl', 'figs-explicit', 'בְּ\u2060מָקֹ֥ם קָדֹֽשׁ', '1', 'in a holy place', 'This is not the same as the holy place outside of the most holy place. This probably refers to a place within the courtyard. However, exactly where it is is not otherwise specified. Alternate translation: “at the entrance to the tent of meeting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '33', 'mcdc', 'figs-idiom', 'לְ\u2060מַלֵּ֥א אֶת־יָדָ֖\u2060ם', '1', 'in a holy place', 'This seems to be an idiom for giving authority to someone. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:41](../28/41.md). Alternate translation: “to ordain them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '34', 'rhp7', 'figs-activepassive', 'לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵ֖ל', '1', 'It must not be eaten', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one may eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '35', 'yo59', '', 'כָּ֔כָה', '1', 'General Information:', '**Thus** means, “like this” and, as the next verses make clear, refers to the sacrificial ceremony outlined in this chapter which they must repeat seven times.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '35', 'wrfs', 'translate-numbers', 'שִׁבְעַ֥ת', '1', 'General Information:', '“7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '35', 'c2si', 'figs-idiom', 'תְּמַלֵּ֥א יָדָֽ\u2060ם', '1', 'General Information:', 'This seems to be an idiom for giving authority to someone. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:41](../28/41.md). Alternate translation: “you shall ordain them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '36', 'r5tx', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'This verse and the next explain the purpose of the sacrifice detailed in [verses 10-14](../29/10.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '36', 's81n', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'וּ\u2060פַ֨ר חַטָּ֜את תַּעֲשֶׂ֤ה לַ\u2060יּוֹם֙ עַל־הַ\u2060כִּפֻּרִ֔ים וְ\u2060חִטֵּאתָ֙ עַל־הַ\u2060מִּזְבֵּ֔חַ בְּ\u2060כַפֶּרְ\u2060ךָ֖ עָלָ֑י\u2060ו', '1', 'General Information:', 'The phrase **and you shall purify the altar by making atonement for it** describes the purpose of offering the bull. You may want to use a stronger connector, or in languages that need to put purpose first you may need to re-order the clauses. Alternate translation: “And you shall offer a bull of purification for atonement daily, thus you shall purify the altar, by making atonement for it.” or “You shall purify the altar by making atonement for it: you shall offer a bull of purification daily for its atonement.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '37', 'pq5d', '', 'קֹ֣דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֔ים', '1', 'Then the altar will be completely set apart to me', '“most holy” or “completely holy” or “completely set apart”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '37', 'qk5h', '', 'יִקְדָּֽשׁ', '1', 'will be set apart to Yahweh', '“will also become set apart”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '38', 'e4r9', 'figs-idiom', 'בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה', '1', 'General Information:', 'This is an idiom meaning one year old. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '39', 'qxst', 'figs-idiom', 'בֵּ֥ין הָ\u2060עַרְבָּֽיִם', '1', 'General Information:', 'The exact meaning of this phrase is debated. Since the priests ate many of the sacrifices it may have been offered around the time of the evening meal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '40', 'x6i4', 'translate-fraction', 'וְ\u2060עִשָּׂרֹ֨ן … רֶ֣בַע …רְבִעִ֥ית', '1', 'a tenth…the fourth part', '“1/10 of …1/4 of …1/4 of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '40', 'nd8q', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060עִשָּׂרֹ֨ן סֹ֜לֶת', '1', 'a tenth…the fourth part', 'Many commentators suggest that this means one tenth of an “ephah” even though “ephah” is not written. If your translation style retains the original measurement words, you may need to insert the word you are using for “ephah” here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '40', 'oxsl', 'translate-bvolume', 'וְ\u2060עִשָּׂרֹ֨ן סֹ֜לֶת…רֶ֣בַע הַ\u2060הִ֔ין…רְבִעִ֥ית הַ\u2060הִ֖ין', '1', 'a tenth…the fourth part', 'The values given in the UST are approximations, the exact size of an ephah and hin is not precisely known. An ephah (the implied measurement) may have been around 22 liters, so this is about 2.2 liters of flour. A hin may have been around 3.7 liters, so this is about one liter of both oil and wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '41', 'ibch', 'figs-idiom', 'בֵּ֣ין הָ\u2060עַרְבָּ֑יִם', '1', 'a tenth…the fourth part', 'The exact meaning of this phrase is debated. Since the priests ate many of the sacrifices it may have been offered around the time of the evening meal. See how you translated it in [verse 39](../29/39.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '42', 'j8cg', '', 'לְ\u2060דֹרֹ֣תֵי\u2060כֶ֔ם', '1', 'throughout your generations', '“through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '42', 'h5r7', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה', '1', 'tent of meeting', 'This means in the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “before Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '43', 'ic8i', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060נִקְדַּ֖שׁ בִּ\u2060כְבֹדִֽ\u2060י', '1', 'the tent will be set apart for me by my glory', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My awesome presence will dedicate the tent to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '29', '45', 'zcs1', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', 'intro', 'z3yc', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 30 General Notes
This chapter is mostly a return to instructions for building worship equipment for the sacred tent.
The forms of you are mostly singular, however, they again refer to the workmen that Moses will instruct so you should return to whatever form you have been following in chapters 25-28.
## Structure:
- v. 1-10: Incense altar
- v. 1-6: Instructions for making the incense altar
- v. 7-10: Use of the incense altar
- v. 11-16: Ransom money for taking a census
- v. 17-21: Instructions for a washbasin
- v. 22-30: Anointing oil
- v. 22-25: Instructions for making the oil
- v. 26-33: Instructions for using the oil
v- 34-38: Making and using sacred incense
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Atonement
Through the offering of blood and money things and people were kept in God’s favor. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]])
### Holiness
Some items in this chapter became so holy that they could make other things holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
### Unknown terms
There are a number of ingredient terms that are unknown even to scholars.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '1', 'r1f4', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'Yahweh tells Moses how to build the worship equipment.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '1', 'v8vb', 'figs-you', 'וְ\u2060עָשִׂ֥יתָ', '1', 'You must make', 'Here **you** refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '2', 'w56e', 'translate-unknown', 'קַרְנֹתָֽי\u2060ו', '1', 'Its horns must be made', 'See how you translated **horns** in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '2', 'a39m', 'translate-bdistance', 'אַמָּ֨ה … וְ\u2060אַמָּ֤ה … וְ\u2060אַמָּתַ֖יִם', '1', 'Its horns must be made', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46cm. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 46cm … 46cm … 94cm (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '3', 'd3uu', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'This verse is very similar to [Exodus 25:11](../25/11.md), see how you translated there.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '4', 'qyg4', '', '', '1', 'to be attached to it', 'You may want to refer back to several other passages regarding making rings for carrying poles when translating this verse. See [Exo 25:12](../25/12.md), [Exo 25:26](../25/26.md), [Exo 25:27](../25/27.md), & [Exo 27:4](../27/04.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '4', 'bvxi', 'figs-idiom', 'לְ\u2060בָתִּ֣ים', '1', 'to be attached to it', 'Here, **housings** means that the rings will hold the poles. Since they are where the poles belong for use, they are figuratively their **house.** If you have a similar idiom meaning “place of belonging” you may use it or you may translate the idea. Alternate translation: “to be a place for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '6', 'ulvn', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֣י …לִ\u2060פְנֵ֣י', '1', 'to be attached to it', 'Here, **before the face of** means in front of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '6', 'e87s', 'figs-you', 'לְ\u2060ךָ֖', '1', 'to be attached to it', 'Here **you** refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '7', 'o1zo', '', 'בַּ\u2060בֹּ֣קֶר בַּ\u2060בֹּ֗קֶר', '1', 'General Information:', '“each morning” or “daily, in the morning”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '7', 'l2rl', '', 'בְּ\u2060הֵיטִיב֛\u2060וֹ אֶת־הַ\u2060נֵּרֹ֖ת', '1', 'General Information:', 'The lamps had burned overnight and weren’t needed during the day so he would put them out and do whatever maintenance was required for them to be ready in the evening. Alternate translation: “trims the lamps”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '8', 'nrgk', '', 'וּ\u2060בְ\u2060הַעֲלֹ֨ת אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־הַ\u2060נֵּרֹ֛ת', '1', 'throughout your generations', 'This may indicate that in the morning Aaron had taken the lamps down and he would light them and then put them up on the holders in the evening.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '8', 'sq7x', 'figs-idiom', 'בֵּ֥ין הָ\u2060עֲרְבַּ֖יִם', '1', 'throughout your generations', 'The exact meaning of this phrase is debated. See how you translated it in [29:39](../29/39.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '8', 'qm7i', '', 'לְ\u2060דֹרֹתֵי\u2060כֶֽם', '1', 'throughout your generations', '“through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '9', 'ckf9', '', 'לֹא־תַעֲל֥וּ עָלָ֛י\u2060ו קְטֹ֥רֶת זָרָ֖ה וְ\u2060עֹלָ֣ה וּ\u2060מִנְחָ֑ה', '1', 'But you must offer', 'Later, in [verses 34](../30/34.md) and following, God describes how to make the one sort of incense that he wants burnt on this altar. Alternate translation: “You shall only offer up the kind of incense I tell you. You shall not make burnt or grain offerings on it.”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '10', 'dgny', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'קֹֽדֶשׁ־קָֽדָשִׁ֥ים ה֖וּא לַ\u2060יהוָֽה', '1', 'horns', 'This last clause defines the purpose of the ritual described in this verse. See [Exo 29:37](../29/37.md). Alternate translation: “This is to make it holy of holies to Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '10', 'k6xk', '', 'קַרְנֹתָ֔י\u2060ו', '1', 'horns', 'These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '10', 'san2', '', 'לְ\u2060דֹרֹ֣תֵי\u2060כֶ֔ם', '1', 'throughout your generations', '“through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '10', 'uxb4', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לַ\u2060יהוָֽה', '1', 'throughout your generations', 'After **Yahweh**, the direct quote that began in [Exo 25:2](../25/02.md) ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '12', 'dprx', 'figs-idiom', 'תִשָּׂ֞א אֶת־רֹ֥אשׁ', '1', 'When you take', 'In this context, **lift up the head** means to take a census. Alternate translation: “take a census” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '12', 's73c', 'figs-you', 'תִשָּׂ֞א', '1', 'When you take', 'Possible meanings are (1) **you** refers to Moses and the leaders of Israel in future generations when they take a census or (2) **you** refers to just Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '12', 'k5p1', '', 'אִ֣ישׁ', '1', 'a census of the Israelites', 'The leaders only counted the Israelite men.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '13', 'y1kn', 'figs-idiom', 'כָּל־הָ\u2060עֹבֵר֙ עַל־הַ\u2060פְּקֻדִ֔ים', '1', 'half a shekel of silver', 'This is an idiom that suggests that the men were counted by walking past someone who was counting people as they walked by. Alternate translation: “Everyone counted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '13', 'i4wk', 'translate-bweight', 'הַ\u2060שֶּׁ֖קֶל …בְּ\u2060שֶׁ֣קֶל …גֵּרָה֙ הַ\u2060שֶּׁ֔קֶל…הַ\u2060שֶּׁ֔קֶל', '1', 'half a shekel of silver', 'These are units of weight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '13', 'a2py', 'translate-bmoney', 'הַ\u2060שֶּׁ֖קֶל …בְּ\u2060שֶׁ֣קֶל …הַ\u2060שֶּׁ֔קֶל…הַ\u2060שֶּׁ֔קֶל', '1', 'half a shekel of silver', 'The **shekel** was used as both a weight and a unit of money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '13', 'w3hx', 'translate-fraction', 'מַחֲצִ֥ית … מַחֲצִ֣ית', '1', 'half a shekel of silver', '“1/2” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '13', 'nfp6', '', 'בְּ\u2060שֶׁ֣קֶל הַ\u2060קֹּ֑דֶשׁ עֶשְׂרִ֤ים גֵּרָה֙ הַ\u2060שֶּׁ֔קֶל', '1', 'according to the weight of the shekel of the sanctuary', 'There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '14', 'uqt6', 'figs-idiom', 'כֹּ֗ל הָ\u2060עֹבֵר֙ עַל־הַ\u2060פְּקֻדִ֔ים', '1', 'from twenty years old and up', 'This is an idiom that suggests that the men were counted by walking past someone who was counting people as they walked by. It is the same phrase as in the [previous verse](../30/13.md). Alternate translation: “Everyone counted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '14', 'vhim', 'figs-idiom', 'מִ\u2060בֶּ֛ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה', '1', 'from twenty years old and up', 'This is an idiom that refers to age. See UST and how you translated the same idiom in [Exo 7:7](../07/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '14', 'k4h9', 'figs-metaphor', 'מִ\u2060בֶּ֛ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וָ\u2060מָ֑עְלָ\u2060ה', '1', 'from twenty years old and up', 'Larger numbers are spoken of as being up or above smaller numbers. Alternate translation: “from twenty years old and more” or “who is twenty years old or older” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '15', 'e8xa', 'translate-bmoney', 'מִֽ\u2060מַּחֲצִ֖ית הַ\u2060שָּׁ֑קֶל', '1', 'the half shekel', 'See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:13](../03/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '15', 'ew8p', 'figs-123person', 'נַפְשֹׁתֵי\u2060כֶֽם', '1', 'the half shekel', 'The plural form of you is used here. In many cases, since Yahweh is speaking to Moses about the people that will be counted, it may make more sense to change to the third person. However, Moses would be counted as well and would have to pay the ransom, so a form of you that could include Moses and all the other Israelite men would also be an appropriate translation. Alternate translation: “for their lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '16', 'z6tn', '', 'וְ\u2060הָיָה֩ לִ\u2060בְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל לְ\u2060זִכָּרוֹן֙ לִ\u2060פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לְ\u2060כַפֵּ֖ר עַל־נַפְשֹׁתֵי\u2060כֶֽם', '1', 'It must be a reminder to the Israelites before me, to make atonement for your lives', 'This sentence is very unclear. It is not clear who is being reminded of what. This could mean: (1) It will remind Yahweh that the Israelites have given money for their lives. Therefore he should welcome them. (2) It will remind the Israelites that they have given Yahweh money for their lives. Therefore he will welcome them.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '16', 'mwix', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה', '1', 'It must be a reminder to the Israelites before me, to make atonement for your lives', 'Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “before Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '18', 'v88y', 'translate-unknown', 'כִּיּ֥וֹר נְחֹ֛שֶׁת', '1', 'bronze basin', '“bronze bowl” or “bronze tub” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '18', 'bh82', '', 'וְ\u2060כַנּ֥\u2060וֹ', '1', 'a bronze stand', 'This is what the basin would be put on.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '18', 'iq8n', '', 'לְ\u2060רָחְצָ֑ה', '1', 'a basin for washing', 'This phrase explains what the priests were to use the bronze basin for.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '19', 'ivb1', '', 'מִמֶּ֑\u2060נּוּ', '1', 'water in it', '“in the water in the basin”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '20', 'dyku', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֣א יָמֻ֑תוּ', '1', 'water in it', 'The priests must wash in order to not die. If the goal of some action needs to be placed elsewhere in the structure of your language move it to the usual location. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '20', 'it0h', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֣א יָמֻ֑תוּ', '1', 'water in it', 'The priests must wash in order to not die. If the goal of some action needs to be placed elsewhere in the structure of your language move it to the usual location. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '21', 'hp35', '', 'וְ\u2060הָיְתָ֨ה לָ\u2060הֶ֧ם חָק־עוֹלָ֛ם ל֥\u2060וֹ וּ\u2060לְ\u2060זַרְע֖\u2060וֹ לְ\u2060דֹרֹתָֽ\u2060ם', '1', 'for Aaron and his descendants throughout their people’s generations', 'See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:17](../12/17.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '23', 'm9g7', 'translate-unknown', 'בְּשָׂמִ֣ים', '1', 'spices', 'These are dried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:6](../25/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '23', 'zq43', 'figs-explicit', 'חֲמֵ֣שׁ מֵא֔וֹת…חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים וּ\u2060מָאתָ֑יִם…חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וּ\u2060מָאתָֽיִם', '1', 'five hundred shekels…250 shekels', '[The next verse](../30/24.md) mentions that these are shekel weight measurements, you may want to include some indication of that here. Alternate translation: “500 shekels … 250 shekels … 250 shekels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '23', 'xga2', 'translate-unknown', 'וְ\u2060קִנְּמָן', '1', 'cinnamon…cane', 'This is a sweet spice taken from the inside of the bark of a tree that grows in south-east Asia. [See Wikipeda](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamon) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '23', 't2me', 'translate-unknown', 'וּ\u2060קְנֵה', '1', 'cinnamon…cane', 'This plant is unknown to scholars. Alternate translation: “and reed of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '24', 'p9jh', 'translate-unknown', 'וְ\u2060קִדָּ֕ה', '1', 'cassia', 'This is a sweet spice taken from the bark of a tree that grows in east Asia. It is slightly different than the spice cinnamon in the previous verse. [See Wikipeda](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '24', 'n38f', 'translate-bweight', 'בְּ\u2060שֶׁ֣קֶל הַ\u2060קֹּ֑דֶשׁ', '1', 'the weight of the shekel of the sanctuary', 'There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:13](../30/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '24', 'dv89', 'translate-bvolume', 'הִֽין', '1', 'one hin', 'Translators may use units that people know. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '25', 'k3s5', '', 'מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה רֹקֵ֑חַ', '1', 'the work of a perfumer', 'This could mean: (1) Moses was to have an ointment mixer do the work. (2) Moses was to do the work himself the way an ointment mixer would do it.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '25', 'yv9l', 'translate-unknown', 'רֹקֵ֑חַ', '1', 'a perfumer', 'This is a person who is skilled in mixing spices and oils. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '26', 'u241', 'figs-you', 'וּ\u2060מָשַׁחְתָּ֥', '1', 'You must anoint', 'Here **you** may refer to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '29', 'np7g', '', 'אֹתָ֔\u2060ם', '1', 'set them apart', 'This refers to the items listed in [Exodus 30:26-28](../30/26.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '31', 'k4s7', '', 'לְ\u2060דֹרֹתֵי\u2060כֶֽם', '1', 'throughout your people’s generations', '“all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '32', 'rlk4', 'figs-activepassive', 'עַל־בְּשַׂ֤ר אָדָם֙ לֹ֣א יִיסָ֔ךְ', '1', 'It must not be applied to people’s skin', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You shall not pour it on the body of a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '32', 'v3br', '', 'וּ\u2060בְ\u2060מַ֨תְכֻּנְתּ֔\u2060וֹ', '1', 'with the same formula', '“and … with the same ingredients” or “and … with the same items” or “and … according to this recipe”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '32', 'it0x', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'קֹ֣דֶשׁ ה֔וּא קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֥ה לָ\u2060כֶֽם', '1', 'with the same formula', 'The second half of this statement (**it shall be holy to you**) explains to the people the result of this oil being holy, which is, they must respect it as a holy thing. It may make more sense in some languages to move this whole statement to the beginning of the verse because the rule about pouring on someone’s body is an application of the result. Alternate translation (placed at the beginning of the verse): “Because it is sacred, you must treat it like it is sacred, therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '33', 'pa53', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060נִכְרַ֖ת מֵ\u2060עַמָּֽי\u2060ו', '1', 'that person must be cut off from his people', 'The metaphor **cut off** has at least three possible meanings. The following alternate translations express those: (1) “that person must be sent away” or (2) “that person will no longer be considered to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “that person must be killed” See how you translated **cut off** in Exodus 12:15. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '33', 'yhgi', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060נִכְרַ֖ת מֵ\u2060עַמָּֽי\u2060ו', '1', 'that person must be cut off from his people', 'The metaphor **cut off** has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form. Who will cut off that person is also not specified, it could be the Israelites or Yahweh. The following alternate translations express those: (1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '34', 'r3j2', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'Yahweh continues to tell Moses what to do. Yahweh gives the commands only to Moses: all instances of **you** are singular. However, the words “blended by a perfumer” might mean that Moses could have the perfumer take the spices, blend them, grind them, and give them to Moses so Moses could put part of the mixture in front of the ark, as in UST.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '34', 'uo57', 'translate-unknown', 'נָטָ֤ף׀ וּ\u2060שְׁחֵ֨לֶת֙ וְ\u2060חֶלְבְּנָ֔ה…וּ\u2060לְבֹנָ֣ה זַכָּ֑ה', '1', 'General Information:', 'Here is a brief description of these materials, though we really do not know exactly what they are. Stacte is a resin from certain gum plants. Onycha is from certain shellfish or mollusks. Galbanum is another kind of gum resin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '35', 'y8yj', '', 'וְ\u2060עָשִׂ֤יתָ אֹתָ\u2060הּ֙ קְטֹ֔רֶת רֹ֖קַח מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה רוֹקֵ֑חַ', '1', 'blended by a perfumer', 'Possible meanings are (1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or (2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it. See how you translated these words in [Exodus 30:25](../30/25.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '36', 'nz2a', 'figs-you', 'וְ\u2060שָֽׁחַקְתָּ֣…וְ\u2060נָתַתָּ֨ה', '1', 'You will grind it', '“You will crush it.” Here **you** refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '36', 'oj2r', 'figs-metonymy', 'לִ\u2060פְנֵ֤י הָ\u2060עֵדֻת֙', '1', 'You will grind it', 'Here, **face** figuratively represents the front of the testimony. Alternate translation: “in front of the testimony” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '36', 'mxww', 'figs-metonymy', 'הָ\u2060עֵדֻת֙', '1', 'You will grind it', 'Here, **testimony** probably refers to the sacred chest that contained the tablets of the law. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '36', 't8y9', 'figs-you', 'לָ\u2060כֶֽם', '1', 'You will regard', 'Here **you** is plural and refers to Moses and all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '37', 'dq6c', 'figs-you', 'תַעֲשׂ֖וּ', '1', 'you must not make any', 'The word **you** here refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '37', 'yv1y', '', 'בְּ\u2060מַ֨תְכֻּנְתָּ֔\u2060הּ', '1', 'with the same formula', '“with the same ingredients” or “with the same items.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:32](../30/32.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '37', 'wh25', '', 'קֹ֛דֶשׁ תִּהְיֶ֥ה לְ\u2060ךָ֖ לַ\u2060יהוָֽה', '1', 'It must be most holy to you', '“You must consider it to be most holy”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '38', 'xn6v', '', 'לְ\u2060הָרִ֣יחַ בָּ֑\u2060הּ', '1', 'perfume', 'This could mean: (1) to enjoy the scent for oneself (2) to wear as a perfume.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '38', 'sa1m', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060נִכְרַ֖ת מֵ\u2060עַמָּֽי\u2060ו', '1', 'must be cut off from his people', 'The metaphor **cut off** has at least three possible meanings. The following alternate translations express those: (1) “he must be sent away” or (2) “he will no longer be considered to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “he must be killed” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '30', '38', 'o6v0', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060נִכְרַ֖ת מֵ\u2060עַמָּֽי\u2060ו', '1', 'must be cut off from his people', 'The metaphor **cut off** has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form. Who will cut off that person is also not specified, it could be the Israelites or Yahweh. The following alternate translations express those: (1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', 'intro', 'wfk7', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 31 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is the end of Exodus’ recording of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Sabbath
As described in this chapter, the Sabbath is more than just a day of worship or celebration. Its significance extends beyond a way to help people rest. It is a major part of the identity of the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '2', 'm8ju', 'figs-idiom', 'קָרָ֣אתִֽי בְ\u2060שֵׁ֑ם', '1', 'I have called by name', 'Yahweh speaks of choosing specific people as calling them by name. Alternate translation: “I have chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '2', 'hf5r', 'translate-names', 'בְּצַלְאֵ֛ל …אוּרִ֥י …ח֖וּר', '1', 'Bezalel…Uri…Hur', 'These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '3', 'f7sk', 'figs-metaphor', 'וָ\u2060אֲמַלֵּ֥א אֹת֖\u2060וֹ ר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֑ים', '1', 'I have filled Bezalel with my Spirit', 'Yahweh speaks of giving Bezalel his spirit as if Bezalel were a container and God’s spirit were a liquid. Alternate translation: “I have given my spirit to Bezalel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '3', 'r6i5', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'וּ\u2060בְ\u2060כָל־מְלָאכָֽה', '1', 'for all kinds of craftsmanship', 'The abstract noun “craftsmanship” can be translated as “making crafts” or “making things.” Alternate translation: “for making all kinds of crafts” or “so that he can make all kinds of things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '6', 'jh61', 'translate-names', 'אָהֳלִיאָ֞ב …אֲחִֽיסָמָךְ֙', '1', 'Oholiab…Ahisamak', 'These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '6', 'wcq7', 'figs-idiom', 'וּ\u2060בְ\u2060לֵ֥ב כָּל־חֲכַם־לֵ֖ב נָתַ֣תִּי חָכְמָ֑ה', '1', 'I have put skill into the hearts of all who are wise', 'God speaks of making people able to make things as if he were putting the ability into their hearts. Alternate translation: “I have given skill to all who are wise” or “I have made all who are wise able to make things well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '11', 'iusb', 'writing-pronouns', 'יַעֲשֽׂוּ', '1', 'I have put skill into the hearts of all who are wise', '**They** refers to Bezalel and Oholiab as well as the unnamed other “skilled of heart” (talented craftsmen) referred to in [verse 2](../31/02.md) and [verse 6](../30/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '13', 'bveg', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לֵ\u2060אמֹ֔ר', '1', 'You must certainly keep Yahweh’s Sabbath days', 'A second-level direct quotation starts after **saying**. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. There are multiple possible endings for this quotation, which will be addressed in later verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '13', 'i1lw', 'figs-metonymy', 'אַ֥ךְ אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖\u2060י תִּשְׁמֹ֑רוּ', '1', 'You must certainly keep Yahweh’s Sabbath days', 'God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “You must certainly obey Yahweh’s instructions about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '13', 'gw13', '', 'לְ\u2060דֹרֹ֣תֵי\u2060כֶ֔ם', '1', 'throughout your people’s generations', '“through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '14', 'dsya', 'figs-quotemarks', 'לָ\u2060כֶ֑ם', '1', 'throughout your people’s generations', 'One possible ending place for the second-level quotation that began in the previous verse is after **to you**. The rest of Yahweh’s instructions to Moses in this section do not use the second person to address Israel directly, so you may close the second-level quotation here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '14', 'plq5', 'figs-activepassive', 'מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֔ת', '1', 'must surely be put to death', 'Here, **shall surely be put to death**, can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must surely kill” or “you must surely execute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '14', 'fz1g', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060נִכְרְתָ֛ה', '1', 'must surely be cut off from his people', 'You can express **shall be cut off** in active form. Alternate translation: “you shall cut him off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '15', 'v4dv', 'translate-numbers', 'שֵׁ֣שֶׁת', '1', 'but the seventh day', '“6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '15', 'fvga', 'translate-ordinal', 'הַ\u2060שְּׁבִיעִ֗י', '1', 'but the seventh day', '“the 7th” or “day number 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '15', 'lrat', '', 'שַׁבַּ֧ת שַׁבָּת֛וֹן', '1', 'but the seventh day', '“a Sabbath of complete rest”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '15', 'fxuo', 'figs-activepassive', 'מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת', '1', 'must surely be put to death', 'Here, **shall surely be put to death**, can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must surely kill” or “you must surely execute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '16', 't9hw', 'figs-metonymy', 'וְ\u2060שָׁמְר֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶת־הַ\u2060שַּׁבָּ֑ת', '1', 'must keep the Sabbath', 'God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “And the sons of Israel must obey Yahweh’s instructions about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '16', 'n7q2', '', 'לְ\u2060דֹרֹתָ֖\u2060ם', '1', 'They must observe it throughout their people’s generations', '“They and all the generations of their descendants must observe it.” See how you translated “throughout their people’s generations” in [Exodus 12:42](../12/42.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '16', 'yef8', '', 'בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם', '1', 'lasting covenant', '“a covenant that will always exist” or “a lasting covenant”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '17', 'oc30', 'figs-activepassive', 'וַ\u2060יִּנָּפַֽשׁ', '1', 'lasting covenant', 'You can state this in an active manner. Alternate translation: “and he refreshed himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '31', '18', 'xc6h', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'written on by his own hand', 'This can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: “which Yahweh wrote on with his own hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', 'intro', 'vv2w', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 32 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The events in verses 1-6 of this chapter occur while Moses spoke with God and therefore happen some time during the events recorded between Exodus 24:15 and Exodus 31. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
- v. 1-6: The people ask Aaron to make them a god and he makes the golden calf
- v. 7-29 - Yahweh and Moses’ reaction
- v. 11-14 - Moses intercedes for the people
- v. 30-34 - Moses intercedes for the people
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 32:18.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Idolatry
The making of the golden calf was considered a form of idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '1', 'oan6', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'the people saw', 'This chapter begins with a major scene shift, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '1', 'cfk8', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060יַּ֣רְא הָ\u2060עָ֔ם', '1', 'the people saw', 'Here understanding something is spoken of as if it were being seen. Alternate translation: “And the people realized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '1', 'lnau', 'figs-rpronouns', 'וַ\u2060יִּקָּהֵ֨ל הָ\u2060עָ֜ם', '1', 'the people saw', 'This means the people were not summoned by Aaron, they decided to come **gather themselves.** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '1', 'k2i1', 'figs-idiom', 'ק֣וּם', '1', 'Come, make us an idol', '**Arise** strengthens the force of the command following it. The people were demanding that Aaron make an idol for them. It did not necessarily mean to literally stand up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '1', 'mrb5', 'figs-metonymy', 'יֵֽלְכוּ֙ לְ\u2060פָנֵ֔י\u2060נוּ', '1', 'go before us', 'Here, **gods that shall go before our faces** means that the Israelites want idols to lead them. Alternate translation: “shall lead us” or “shall be our leader” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '1', 'wulk', '', 'כִּי־זֶ֣ה׀ מֹשֶׁ֣ה', '1', 'go before us', 'People showed disrespect by putting the word **this** before his name, as if Moses were someone they did not know and could not trust. They were creating distance between him and themselves socially. When translating, use a form in your language that communicates the same sense of disassociation between people.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '2', 'p86s', 'writing-pronouns', 'וְ\u2060הָבִ֖יאוּ', '1', 'bring them to me', 'The word **them** refers to the golden rings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '3', 'ckg2', 'figs-hyperbole', 'כָּל־הָ\u2060עָ֔ם', '1', 'All the people', 'This refers to all the people who rejected Moses as their leader and Yahweh as their God. Later parts of the text reveal that there were people still faithful to Moses and Yahweh, and a great deal more gold. Alternate translation: “many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '4', 'uf9e', 'translate-unknown', 'וַ\u2060יָּ֤צַר אֹת\u2060וֹ֙ בַּ\u2060חֶ֔רֶט וַֽ\u2060יַּעֲשֵׂ֖\u2060הוּ עֵ֣גֶל מַסֵּכָ֑ה', '1', 'fashioned it with an engraving tool and he made a cast idol in the shape of a calf', 'Most likely this means that Aaron melted the gold and poured it into a mold that had the shape of a calf. When the gold became hard, he removed the mold, and the hardened gold had the shape of a calf. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '4', 'cc7s', 'writing-pronouns', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ', '1', 'fashioned it with an engraving tool and he made a cast idol in the shape of a calf', 'It is not clear who **they** is who spoke. Alternate translation: “And someone said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '4', 'ence', 'figs-123person', 'אֱלֹהֶ֨י\u2060ךָ֙ …הֶעֱל֖וּ\u2060ךָ', '1', 'fashioned it with an engraving tool and he made a cast idol in the shape of a calf', 'Because the speaker of this sentence is unknown and mentioned in the plural, it is possible that it is the people speaking. In that case, it would be possible for a translation to use the first person rather than second person here. Alternate translation: “our gods … brought us up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '4', 'n17v', '', 'אֵ֤לֶּה אֱלֹהֶ֨י\u2060ךָ֙', '1', 'fashioned it with an engraving tool and he made a cast idol in the shape of a calf', 'In the text, there only appears to be one “god” (the golden calf idol) presented to Israel. If it would be clearer to your audience, you may consider translating **these … gods** as singular. Alternate translation: “this is your god”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '5', 'ztx4', 'figs-explicit', 'וַ\u2060יַּ֣רְא אַהֲרֹ֔ן', '1', 'When Aaron saw this', 'You may need to make explicit what he saw. “When Aaron saw what the people did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '5', 'odaq', 'figs-metonymy', 'לְ\u2060פָנָ֑י\u2060ו', '1', 'When Aaron saw this', 'Here, **before its face** means in front of. Alternate translation: “in front of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '5', 'p2df', 'figs-explicit', 'לְ\u2060פָנָ֑י\u2060ו', '1', 'When Aaron saw this', 'Here, **it** is the golden bull-calf. Alternate translation: “in front of the bull-calf idol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '6', 'as6u', 'figs-euphemism', 'לְ\u2060צַחֵֽק', '1', 'to carouse in wild celebration', 'This word may imply drunken and sexual sin (for a sexual implication see [Genesis 26:8](../GEN/26/08)). However, the only actions mentioned in the text are singing ([v. 18](../32/18.md)) and dancing ([v. 19](../32/19.md)) so translators should avoid using a term that is overly suggestive. Alternate translation: “to revel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '7', 'iajs', 'writing-newevent', '', '1', 'to carouse in wild celebration', 'There is a scene shift back to the top of the mountain with Moses and Yahweh here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '7', 'tcek', 'figs-rpronouns', 'שִׁחֵ֣ת', '1', 'to carouse in wild celebration', 'Here, the reflexive **themselves** is used to translate the fact that the Israelites actions made the Israelites corrupt. Alternate translation: “have acted corruptly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '8', 'eua5', 'figs-metaphor', 'סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַ\u2060דֶּ֨רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֔\u2060ם', '1', 'left the way that I commanded them', 'Here God speaks of the people disobeying what he commanded them as if he had told them to walk on a certain road and they left that road. Alternate translation: “They have quickly stopped doing what I commanded them to do” or “They have quickly stopped obeying what I commanded them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '8', 'tg9e', 'figs-quotemarks', 'אֵ֤לֶּה אֱלֹהֶ֨י\u2060ךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶֽעֱל֖וּ\u2060ךָ מֵ\u2060אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', 'left the way that I commanded them', 'This is a second-level direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '8', 'w7v8', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'אֵ֤לֶּה אֱלֹהֶ֨י\u2060ךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶֽעֱל֖וּ\u2060ךָ מֵ\u2060אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם', '1', 'left the way that I commanded them', 'You may want to translate this as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the layers of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “that these are your gods, Israel, that brought you up from the land of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '8', 'sjj1', '', 'אֵ֤לֶּה אֱלֹהֶ֨י\u2060ךָ֙', '1', 'left the way that I commanded them', 'In the text, there only appears to be one “god” (the golden calf idol) presented to Israel. If it would be clearer to your audience, you may consider translating **these … gods** as singular. See how you translated this in [verse 4](../32/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is your god”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '8', 'f62v', 'figs-123person', 'אֱלֹהֶ֨י\u2060ךָ֙ …הֶֽעֱל֖וּ\u2060ךָ', '1', 'left the way that I commanded them', 'Because the speaker of this sentence is unknown and mentioned in the plural, it is possible that it is the people speaking. In that case, it would be possible for a translation to use the first person rather than second person here. See how you translated this in [verse 4](../32/04.md). Alternate translation: “our gods … brought us up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '9', 'ffe2', 'figs-metaphor', 'עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֖רֶף', '1', 'a stiff-necked people', 'Yahweh speaks of the people being rebellious as if they had hard necks. The image comes from an animal that does not want to go the way his master is trying to direct him (not going in the way God commanded). Alternate translation: “is a rebellious people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '9', 'my87', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'הַ\u2060זֶּ֔ה …הֽוּא', '1', 'a stiff-necked people', '**People** is a collective noun so the pronouns refering to the people are singular. You may use plural pronouns if that is the normal usage in your language. Alternate translation: “these … they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '10', 'fmk3', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וְ\u2060עַתָּה֙', '1', 'Now then', '**So now** is used here to mark that Yahweh’s next statements are a result of what he has said in the previous verses. Alternate translation: “Therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '10', 'sd9w', 'figs-idiom', 'וְ\u2060יִֽחַר־אַפִּ֥\u2060י בָ\u2060הֶ֖ם', '1', 'My anger will burn hot against them', 'This is an idiom meaning that Yahweh is angry. Alternate translation: “And let me be angry with them”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '10', 'vc2u', 'writing-pronouns', 'אוֹתְ\u2060ךָ֖', '1', 'from you', 'The word **you** refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '11', 'h62e', 'figs-rquestion', 'לָ\u2060מָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ יֶחֱרֶ֤ה אַפְּ\u2060ךָ֙ בְּ\u2060עַמֶּ֔\u2060ךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הוֹצֵ֨אתָ֙ מֵ\u2060אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּ\u2060כֹ֥חַ גָּד֖וֹל וּ\u2060בְ\u2060יָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה', '1', 'why does your anger burn against your people…a mighty hand?', 'Moses used this question to try to persuade Yahweh not to be so angry with his people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, do not let your nose burn against your people whom you have brought out from the land of Egypt with great power and with a strong hand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '11', 'nuwf', 'figs-idiom', 'יֶחֱרֶ֤ה אַפְּ\u2060ךָ֙ בְּ\u2060עַמֶּ֔\u2060ךָ', '1', 'My anger will burn hot against them', 'This is an idiom meaning that Yahweh is angry. Alternate translation: “are you angry with your people”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '11', 't2cv', 'figs-doublet', 'בְּ\u2060כֹ֥חַ גָּד֖וֹל וּ\u2060בְ\u2060יָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה', '1', 'great power…mighty hand', 'These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. If doubling in this way would not convey emphasis in your language, you will need to find a way to translate it that does give emphasis. Alternate translation: “using your very strong power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '11', 'ph43', 'figs-metonymy', 'וּ\u2060בְ\u2060יָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה', '1', 'a mighty hand', 'Here, **hand** represents God’s actions or works. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). Alternate translation: “and with powerful works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '12', 'r8ij', 'figs-rquestion', 'לָ\u2060מָּה֩ יֹאמְר֨וּ מִצְרַ֜יִם לֵ\u2060אמֹ֗ר בְּ\u2060רָעָ֤ה הֽוֹצִיאָ\u2060ם֙ לַ\u2060הֲרֹ֤ג אֹתָ\u2060ם֙ בֶּֽ\u2060הָרִ֔ים וּ֨\u2060לְ\u2060כַלֹּתָ֔\u2060ם מֵ\u2060עַ֖ל פְּנֵ֣י הָֽ\u2060אֲדָמָ֑ה', '1', 'Why should the Egyptians say, ‘He led them out…to destroy them from the face of the earth?’', 'Moses used this question to try to persuade God not to destroy his people. This rhetorical question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: If you destroy your people, the Egyptians might say, ‘He brought them out with evil intent, to kill them in the mountains and to destroy them from on the face of the earth.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '12', 'yvez', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'יֹאמְר֨וּ מִצְרַ֜יִם לֵ\u2060אמֹ֗ר בְּ\u2060רָעָ֤ה הֽוֹצִיאָ\u2060ם֙ לַ\u2060הֲרֹ֤ג אֹתָ\u2060ם֙ בֶּֽ\u2060הָרִ֔ים וּ֨\u2060לְ\u2060כַלֹּתָ֔\u2060ם מֵ\u2060עַ֖ל פְּנֵ֣י הָֽ\u2060אֲדָמָ֑ה', '1', 'Why should the Egyptians say, ‘He led them out…to destroy them from the face of the earth?’', 'After **saying,** this is a second-level quote. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation.
However, you may want to translate this as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the layers of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “the Egyptians say that you brought them out with evil intent, to kill them in the mountains and to destroy them from on the face of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '12', 'kzh7', 'figs-metonymy', 'מֵ\u2060עַ֖ל פְּנֵ֣י הָֽ\u2060אֲדָמָ֑ה', '1', 'face of the earth', 'Here, **face** means “surface.” Alternate translation: “from the surface of the earth” or “from the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '12', 'fns1', '', 'שׁ֚וּב מֵ\u2060חֲר֣וֹן אַפֶּ֔\u2060ךָ', '1', 'Turn from your burning anger', '“Stop your burning anger” or “Stop being so angry”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '12', 'iz5q', 'figs-idiom', 'שׁ֚וּב מֵ\u2060חֲר֣וֹן אַפֶּ֔\u2060ךָ וְ\u2060הִנָּחֵ֥ם עַל־הָ\u2060רָעָ֖ה לְ\u2060עַמֶּֽ\u2060ךָ', '1', 'Turn from your burning anger', 'Here, Yahweh’s anger (burning nose) and plan to punish the people are spoken of as things that he could turn away from and repent of (repentence also means to turn from). This imagry may not translate into your langauge and you may need to use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Calm down and please do not stay determined to do evil to your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '12', 'p1df', 'figs-idiom', 'מֵ\u2060חֲר֣וֹן אַפֶּ֔\u2060ךָ', '1', 'your burning anger', 'This is an idiom that means anger. Alternate translation: “your terrible anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '13', 't9sa', '', 'זְכֹ֡ר', '1', 'Call to mind Abraham', '“Think about”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '13', 'p8jq', '', 'נִשְׁבַּ֣עְתָּ', '1', 'you swore', '“you made an oath”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '13', 'q1g1', '', 'וְ\u2060כָל־הָ\u2060אָ֨רֶץ הַ\u2060זֹּ֜את אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֗רְתִּי אֶתֵּן֙ לְ\u2060זַרְעֲ\u2060כֶ֔ם', '1', 'They will inherit it forever', 'That is, the land of Canaan.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '15', 'cx7z', 'figs-activepassive', 'לֻחֹ֗ת כְּתֻבִים֙ מִ\u2060שְּׁנֵ֣י עֶבְרֵי\u2060הֶ֔ם מִ\u2060זֶּ֥ה וּ\u2060מִ\u2060זֶּ֖ה הֵ֥ם כְּתֻבִֽים', '1', 'tablets of the covenant decrees', 'If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh had written on both the sides of the tablets, on this side and on that side he had written.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '16', 'w3ua', 'figs-infostructure', 'וְ\u2060הַ֨\u2060לֻּחֹ֔ת מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים הֵ֑מָּה וְ\u2060הַ\u2060מִּכְתָּ֗ב מִכְתַּ֤ב אֱלֹהִים֙ ה֔וּא', '1', 'The tablets were God’s own work, and the writing was God’s own writing', 'These two sentences have an unusual structure that places emphasis on **tablets** and **writing**. If your language would emphasize these topics in a different way than moving them to the front of the sentence follow your language’s natural usage for emphasis. Alternate translation: “And the tablets themselves were the work of God. And the writing itself was the writing of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '17', 'cua3', 'writing-participants', 'יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ', '1', 'he said to Moses', 'Joshua was last mentioned in [Exodus 24:13](../24/13.md). The text does not say if he was on top of the mountain with Moses or if he waited for him part way up. Consider if your language will need to re-introduce Joshua in any way here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '18', 'r0gm', 'writing-poetry', 'אֵ֥ין קוֹל֙ עֲנ֣וֹת גְּבוּרָ֔ה וְ\u2060אֵ֥ין ק֖וֹל עֲנ֣וֹת חֲלוּשָׁ֑ה ק֣וֹל עַנּ֔וֹת אָנֹכִ֖י שֹׁמֵֽעַ', '1', 'he said to Moses', 'These lines are widely considered to be poetic. It is not clear why a poetic form is used here. In some languages it may not be appropriate to convey this response in poetic form, in which case another form may be used. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '18', 'm4k0', 'figs-parallelism', 'אֵ֥ין קוֹל֙ עֲנ֣וֹת גְּבוּרָ֔ה וְ\u2060אֵ֥ין ק֖וֹל עֲנ֣וֹת חֲלוּשָׁ֑ה ק֣וֹל עַנּ֔וֹת אָנֹכִ֖י שֹׁמֵֽעַ', '1', 'he said to Moses', 'The poetic form here is parallelism in the repetition of **sound of singing**. If it would be unclear to say that Moses heard **the sound of singing** in the third line after saying he didn’t hear the sound of singing twice before, something more like the UST may be followed that is more contrastive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '18', 'fdg8', 'figs-explicit', 'ק֣וֹל עַנּ֔וֹת אָנֹכִ֖י שֹׁמֵֽעַ', '1', 'he said to Moses', 'If it is unclear to say that Moses hears **the sound of singing** after twice saying he didn’t hear that, you may want to make the type of singing explicit. Consider referring to your translation of the last word of [verse 6](../32/06.md) (to play in the ULT). Alternate translation: “the sound of playful singing I hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '19', 'hr2j', 'figs-idiom', 'וַ\u2060יִּֽחַר־אַ֣ף', '1', 'the tablets', 'This is an idiom for being angry. Alternate translation: “And Moses was very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '19', 'd8zo', '', 'תַּ֥חַת', '1', 'the tablets', '“at the bottom of”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '21', 'du5l', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן מֶֽה־עָשָׂ֥ה לְ\u2060ךָ֖ הָ\u2060עָ֣ם הַ\u2060זֶּ֑ה כִּֽי־הֵבֵ֥אתָ עָלָ֖י\u2060ו חֲטָאָ֥ה גְדֹלָֽה׃', '1', 'Then Moses said to Aaron, “What did this people…a great sin on them?”', 'Moses’ question is a second-level quote. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation.
However, you may want to translate this as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the layers of quotations in this passage.. Alternate translation: “Then Moses asked Aaron what the people did to him, that he had brought such a great sin on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '21', 'np73', 'figs-metaphor', 'כִּֽי־הֵבֵ֥אתָ עָלָ֖י\u2060ו חֲטָאָ֥ה גְדֹלָֽה', '1', 'you have brought such a great sin on them', 'Moses spoke of causing people to sin as if sin were an object and Aaron put it on them. Alternate translation: “that you have caused them to sin greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '22', 'z2ch', 'figs-idiom', 'אַל־יִ֥חַר אַ֖ף', '1', 'Do not let your anger burn hot', 'This is an idiom for anger. Alternate translation: “Do not be angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '22', 'vdy2', 'figs-idiom', 'כִּ֥י בְ\u2060רָ֖ע הֽוּא', '1', 'they are set on doing evil', 'This is probably an idiom meaning one of two things: 1) that the people are prone to evil, 2) that the people were in trouble (that is, they felt troubled because of not having contact with God). Alternate translation: “that they are set on evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '22', 'h6dm', 'figs-123person', 'הֽוּא', '1', 'they are set on doing evil', 'Here, **it** is used because **people** is grammatically singular in Hebrew. Alternate translation: “they are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '23', 'w91d', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'עֲשֵׂה־לָ֣\u2060נוּ אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֵלְכ֖וּ לְ\u2060פָנֵ֑י\u2060נוּ כִּי־זֶ֣ה׀ מֹשֶׁ֣ה הָ\u2060אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶֽעֱלָ֨\u2060נוּ֙ מֵ\u2060אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְנוּ מֶה־הָ֥יָה לֽ\u2060וֹ׃', '1', 'they are set on doing evil', 'This is a second-level quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '23', 'zn68', '', 'זֶ֣ה׀ מֹשֶׁ֣ה הָ\u2060אִ֗ישׁ', '1', 'this Moses', 'People showed disrespect by putting the word **this** before his name, as if Moses were someone they did not know and could not trust. They were creating distance between him and themselves socially. When translating, use a form in your language that communicates the same sense of disassociation between people. See how you translated this in [verse 1](../32/01.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '24', 'yq7s', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'וָ\u2060אֹמַ֤ר לָ\u2060הֶם֙ לְ\u2060מִ֣י זָהָ֔ב הִתְפָּרָ֖קוּ', '1', 'So I said to them, ‘Whoever has any gold, let him take it off.’', '**Whoever has gold, take it off yourself** is a second-level quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation.
However, this can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “So I told them that whoever had any gold should take it off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '24', 'yy82', 'figs-rpronouns', 'הִתְפָּרָ֖קוּ', '1', 'So I said to them, ‘Whoever has any gold, let him take it off.’', 'He instructs people to take their own gold off. Alternate translation: “you take off your own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '24', 'wvin', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וָ\u2060אַשְׁלִכֵ֣\u2060הוּ בָ\u2060אֵ֔שׁ וַ\u2060יֵּצֵ֖א הָ\u2060עֵ֥גֶל הַ\u2060זֶּֽה', '1', 'So I said to them, ‘Whoever has any gold, let him take it off.’', 'Aaron claims an unusual sequence of events here. The translation should surprise an audience unfamiliar with the story. He states that the result of simply throwing gold in the fire is the apperance (by its own power or volition it seems) of the calf. This is a lie. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '25', 'ck1f', '', 'פָרֻ֖עַ', '1', 'were running wild', '“were behaving wildly” or “were not controlling themselves”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '25', 'csg0', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'כִּ֥י פָרֻ֖עַ ה֑וּא כִּֽי־פְרָעֹ֣\u2060ה אַהֲרֹ֔ן', '1', 'were running wild', 'Here, the pronoun **it** agrees with the grammatical number of **people** (singular). Alternate translation: “that they were let loose, for Aaron had let them loose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '26', 'jis7', 'figs-quotations', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֕אמֶר מִ֥י לַ\u2060יהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑\u2060י', '1', 'Then Moses stood at the entrance…“Whoever is on Yahweh’s side, come to me.”', 'You can state this as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “and said that whoever was for Yahweh should come to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '26', 'ryb5', 'figs-idiom', 'מִ֥י לַ\u2060יהוָ֖ה', '1', 'Whoever is on Yahweh’s side', 'Moses speaks of being loyal to Yahweh as being **for Yahweh**. Alternate translation: “Whoever serves Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '27', 'xsl3', '', '', '1', 'go back and forth from entrance to entrance', '“go from side of the camp to the other, starting at one entrance to the camp and going to the entrance on the other side of the camp”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '28', 'at4i', 'translate-numbers', 'כִּ\u2060שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אַלְפֵ֖י', '1', 'three thousand of the people', '“about three thousand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '29', 'to5d', 'figs-idiom', 'מִלְא֨וּ יֶדְ\u2060כֶ֤ם', '1', 'You have been placed into Yahweh’s service', 'This seems to be an idiom for giving authority to someone. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:41](../28/41.md). However, this usage is different from that text as here it is not specified what authority they are given or what they are consecrated for other than **for Yahweh**. Alternate translation: “Consecrate yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '29', 'rkp6', '', 'מִלְא֨וּ יֶדְ\u2060כֶ֤ם הַ\u2060יּוֹם֙ לַֽ\u2060יהוָ֔ה', '1', 'You have been placed into Yahweh’s service', 'Here it is unclear if **fill** should be rightly understood in the past or as a command. You may want to follow the decision of another translation your people are familiar with. Alternate translation: “You have filled your hand for Yahweh today”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '29', 'c6fg', 'figs-explicit', 'כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ בִּ\u2060בְנ֖\u2060וֹ וּ\u2060בְ\u2060אָחִ֑י\u2060ו', '1', 'for each of you has taken action against his son and his brother', 'The fact that they did this in obedience to God can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “for you have obeyed Yahweh and killed your sons and your brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '29', 'l54l', '', 'וְ\u2060לָ\u2060תֵ֧ת עֲלֵי\u2060כֶ֛ם הַ\u2060יּ֖וֹם בְּרָכָֽה', '1', 'for each of you has taken action against his son and his brother', 'This phrase is difficult to interpret. Several options depend on exactly how the conjunction, preposition, and verb combination are interpreted. The first difficulty is related to the difficulty with the previous verb, have they already been blessed or are they going to be blessed? (Alternate translation: “and to have given a blessing over you today”) The second is, should the clause connections be understood to say that the blessing is because of their actions, or more strongly, that a desire for blessing motivated them to take action? (Alternate translation: “and therefore to give a blessing over you today” or “so that a blessing may be given over you today”) The third is, while ultimately all blessing is from Yahweh, is Yahweh or the Levites the subject? (Alternate translation: “and to give a blessing over yourselves today” or “and so Yahweh gives a blessing over you today”) As with the previous clause, you may want to follow the decision of another translation your people are familiar with. Alternate translation: “by that you brought blessing on yourselves”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '30', 'kvj4', 'figs-doublet', 'חֲטָאתֶ֖ם חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה', '1', 'You have committed a very great sin', 'Here, **sin** is repeated as a verb and then noun for emphasis. Along with **great** it suggests that the people sinned very very badly. If the repetition of words in this way would not create emphasis use another form in your language that does. Alternate translation: “you have sinned extremally badly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '30', 'r5fn', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'חֲטָאתֶ֖ם חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה', '1', 'You have committed a very great sin', 'If your language does not use an abstract noun for **sin**, you could express the idea behind it in another way. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '31', 'ccpg', 'figs-doublet', 'חָטָ֞א הָ\u2060עָ֤ם הַ\u2060זֶּה֙ חֲטָאָ֣ה', '1', 'You have committed a very great sin', 'Here, **sin** is repeated as a verb and then noun for emphasis. Along with **great** it suggests that the people sinned very very badly. If the repetition of words in this way would not create emphasis use another form in your language that does. Alternate translation: “this people has sinned extremally badly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '31', 'y049', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'חֲטָאָ֣ה', '1', 'You have committed a very great sin', 'If your language does not use an abstract noun for **sin**, you could express the idea behind it in another way. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '31', 'yeta', '', 'אֱלֹהֵ֥י', '1', 'You have committed a very great sin', '“a god”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '32', 'brpu', 'figs-ellipsis', 'וְ\u2060עַתָּ֖ה אִם־תִּשָּׂ֣א חַטָּאתָ֑\u2060ם', '1', 'blot me out of the book', 'Moses leaves out his conclusion, perhaps as a way of making this conditional phrase into a request, perhaps to avoid suggesting to God what would be good for him to do. However, if leaving out a conclusion would be misunderstood in your language you may need to rephrase it or add the implied conclusion. Alternate translation: “But now, if you forgive their sin, good!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '32', 'c72y', 'figs-metonymy', 'מְחֵ֣\u2060נִי', '1', 'blot me out of the book', 'The word “me” here refers to the name of Moses. Alternate translation: “erase my name from the book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '32', 'ahb3', 'figs-explicit', 'כָּתָֽבְתָּ', '1', 'the book that you have written', 'What God had written in the book can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the book in which you have written the names of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '33', 'igb4', 'figs-metonymy', 'אֶמְחֶ֖\u2060נּוּ מִ\u2060סִּפְרִֽ\u2060י', '1', 'that person I will blot out of my book', 'Here, “him” represents that person’s name. Alternate translation: “I will erase that person’s name from my book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '33', 'qwk9', '', 'מִ\u2060סִּפְרִֽ\u2060י', '1', 'my book', 'This refers to the book of Yahweh that Moses spoke of in [Exodus 32:32](../32/32.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '34', 'xn8p', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וּ\u2060בְ\u2060י֣וֹם פָּקְדִ֔\u2060י וּ\u2060פָקַדְתִּ֥י עֲלֵי\u2060הֶ֖ם חַטָּאתָֽ\u2060ם', '1', 'But on the day that I punish them, I will punish them', 'Yahweh makes it clear that he will punish the people because they sinned by making and worshipping the idol. If it would be more clear in your language to place the reason first you may consider reordering the clauses. Alternate translation: “However, because they sinned, one day I will come to punish them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '35', 'wv1v', 'figs-explicit', 'עָשׂ֣וּ אֶת־הָ\u2060עֵ֔גֶל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה אַהֲרֹֽן', '1', 'they had made the calf, the one that Aaron made', 'The first **made** here could mean 1) “do” which could imply worship 2) the people are being spoken of as having made the calf themselves (as well as Aaron) because they demanded it and gave their gold for it. Alternate translation: “they had worshiped the calf that Aaron made” or “they were guilty along with Aaron of making the calf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '32', '35', 'h3kl', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וַ\u2060יִּגֹּ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־הָ\u2060עָ֑ם עַ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשׂ֣וּ אֶת־הָ\u2060עֵ֔גֶל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה אַהֲרֹֽן', '1', 'they had made the calf, the one that Aaron made', 'If your language requires placing the reason before the result you may reorder these clauses. Alternate translation: “And on account that they had made the calf (that Aaron made), Yahweh plagued the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', 'intro', 'g5k3', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 33 General Notes
This chapter is largely about Moses continuing to negotiate for a closer relationship between Yahweh and himself and Yahweh and the people. There are a number of important theological issues addressed especially Yahweh’s holiness and character. Several key terms appear.
## Potential Translation Issues
Yahweh’s statement to Moses in verse 5 seems to have happened before the people’s reaction in verse 4, so in some languages you may need to reverse them.
Verses 7-11 seem to be background, general information about a somewhat unspecified time period. Be sure this is clear in how you structure these verses. See the beginning of verse 7 in the UST. While the term in verses 7-11 is often used interchangeably with the tabernacle that will be built in chapters 35-39, it is a temporary and different tent. One distinguishing feature is that it is well outside the camp while the tabernacle will be in the center of the tent.
The word **tent** in verses 7-11 refers either to this temporary “tent of meeting” that Moses set up, or to the tents that the Israelites lived in. Pay attention throughout these verses to which tent is referred to.
']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '1', 'p8xp', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'לֵ\u2060אמֹ֔ר לְ\u2060זַרְעֲ\u2060ךָ֖ אֶתְּנֶֽ\u2060נָּה', '1', 'General Information:', 'The words following **saying** are a second-level quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation.
However, you may want to translate this as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the layers of quotations in this passage. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '2', 'tlen', '', 'וְ\u2060שָׁלַחְתִּ֥י לְ\u2060פָנֶ֖י\u2060ךָ מַלְאָ֑ךְ וְ\u2060גֵֽרַשְׁתִּ֗י אֶת־הַֽ\u2060כְּנַעֲנִי֙ הָֽ\u2060אֱמֹרִ֔י וְ\u2060הַֽ\u2060חִתִּי֙ וְ\u2060הַ\u2060פְּרִזִּ֔י הַ\u2060חִוִּ֖י וְ\u2060הַ\u2060יְבוּסִֽי', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated these in [Exodus 23:20](../23/20.md) and [23:23](../23/23.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '3', 'yyt4', 'figs-metonymy', 'חָלָ֖ב וּ\u2060דְבָ֑שׁ', '1', 'that land, which is flowing with milk and honey', 'Here, **milk** is a metonym for domestic animals and the food products obtained from them; **honey** is a metonym for the food obtained from growing plants. See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:8](../03/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '3', 'y347', 'figs-metaphor', 'זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ\u2060דְבָ֑שׁ', '1', 'flowing with', 'God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:8](../03/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '3', 'ah5t', 'figs-metaphor', 'קְשֵׁה־עֹ֨רֶף֙', '1', 'a stubborn people', 'Yahweh speaks of the people being rebellious as if they had hard necks. See how you translated this in [Exodus 32:9](../32/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '4', 'jemj', 'figs-gendernotations', 'וְ\u2060לֹא־שָׁ֛תוּ אִ֥ישׁ עֶדְי֖\u2060וֹ עָלָֽי\u2060ו', '1', 'jewelry', 'Here, **his** and **him** refer to both men and women. Alternate translation: “and the men and women did not put on their ornaments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '4', 'cf7g', 'translate-unknown', 'עֶדְי֖\u2060וֹ', '1', 'jewelry', 'This may have referred to beautiful clothing as well as chains and rings made from gold or silver that had could have had jewels in them. Alternate translation: “his adornments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '4', 'qwuu', 'translate-versebridge', '', '0', 'jewelry', 'Yahweh’s statement to Moses in verse 5 seems to have happened before the people’s reaction in verse 4, so in some languages you may need to reverse them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '5', 'rn40', 'grammar-connect-words-phrases', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה', '1', 'jewelry', 'The word **had** places Yahweh’s statement back in time. It can be understood from context as it seems Yahweh’s statement to Moses in verse 5 seems to have happened before the people’s reaction in verse 4. If you are reversing the order of the verses for your language, you should omit it in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '5', 'ndhx', 'figs-quotations', 'אֱמֹ֤ר אֶל־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙', '1', 'jewelry', 'You may want to make the introductory portion of this quotation (**Say to the sons of Israel**) indirect to keep from having a quote inside a quote. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '5', 'rzr5', 'figs-metaphor', 'קְשֵׁה־עֹ֔רֶף', '1', 'a stubborn people', 'Yahweh speaks of the people being rebellious as if they had hard necks. See how you translated this in [Exodus 32:9](../32/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '5', 'cdm1', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'אַתֶּ֣ם עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֔רֶף רֶ֧גַע אֶחָ֛ד אֶֽעֱלֶ֥ה בְ\u2060קִרְבְּ\u2060ךָ֖ וְ\u2060כִלִּיתִ֑י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'a stubborn people', 'Because the Israelites are so obstinate (reason), Yahweh’s reaction to being near them would be destruction (result). You may need to restructure this in your language if the order of reason and result is particular. Alternate translation: “If I went up among you for one moment, then I would destroy you because you are a people hard of neck.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '5', 'hakp', 'grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical', 'רֶ֧גַע אֶחָ֛ד אֶֽעֱלֶ֥ה בְ\u2060קִרְבְּ\u2060ךָ֖ וְ\u2060כִלִּיתִ֑י\u2060ךָ וְ\u2060עַתָּ֗ה', '1', 'a stubborn people', 'Because the surrounding narrative clearly shows that this is not what Yahweh did or will do, this is a hypothetical situation. Some languages may need to reorder the clauses. Alternate translation: “Since I would destroy if I went up among you for one moment, then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '5', 'l6ax', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'וְ\u2060עַתָּ֗ה הוֹרֵ֤ד עֶדְיְ\u2060ךָ֙ מֵֽ\u2060עָלֶ֔י\u2060ךָ וְ\u2060אֵדְעָ֖ה מָ֥ה אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּֽ\u2060ךְ', '1', 'a stubborn people', 'The goal of the Israelites removing their ornaments is so that Yahweh can consider his reaction. Some languages may need to reorder this structure. Alternate translation: “So that I will know what I will do to you, take your ornaments down from on you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '5', 'gb16', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060עַתָּ֗ה הוֹרֵ֤ד עֶדְיְ\u2060ךָ֙ מֵֽ\u2060עָלֶ֔י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'a stubborn people', 'This was a way for the Israelites to show that they were sorry for sinning. If this would not be understood you may need to make it explicit in the text or a footnote. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '6', 'tomy', 'figs-rpronouns', 'וַ\u2060יִּֽתְנַצְּל֧וּ', '1', 'a stubborn people', 'Here, **themselves** refers to the Israelites, they are both the ones doing the action and the ones the action is done to. A special form of verb or pronoun may be required to translate this in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '6', 'i0c5', 'figs-explicit', 'מֵ\u2060הַ֥ר חוֹרֵֽב׃', '1', 'a stubborn people', 'Here, **from** means “from that point of time and continuing into the future.” Try to find a form in your language that means “from then on” for your translation. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '7', 'wsfe', 'grammar-connect-time-background', '', '0', 'a stubborn people', 'Verses 7-11 seem to be background, general information about a somewhat unspecified time period. Be sure this is clear in how you structure these verses. See the beginning of verse 7 in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '7', 'fb65', '', 'הָ\u2060אֹ֜הֶל', '1', 'a stubborn people', 'The word **tent** in verses 7-11 refers either to this temporary “tent of meeting” that Moses set up, or to the tents that the Israelites lived in. Pay attention throughout these verses to which tent is referred to. Here it refers to the “tent of meeting.”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '8', 'h2us', '', 'אָהֳל֑\u2060וֹ', '1', 'a stubborn people', 'This refers to the people’s tents.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '9', 'yt4f', 'figs-metaphor', 'עַמּ֣וּד הֶֽ\u2060עָנָ֔ן', '1', 'the pillar of cloud', 'The cloud had the shape of a pillar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:22](../13/22.md). Alternate translation: “the cloud shaped like a pillar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '9', 'vam7', 'figs-explicit', 'יֵרֵד֙', '1', 'would come down', 'Where it came down from can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “would come down from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '9', 'ghf8', 'figs-metonymy', 'וְ\u2060דִבֶּ֖ר', '1', 'would come down', 'Grammatically, the most likely referent for this pronoun is the **pillar of cloud**. By metonymy and based on [verse 11](../33/11.md) this probably refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '10', 'nyoe', 'figs-parallelism', 'וְ\u2060רָאָ֤ה כָל־הָ\u2060עָם֙ אֶת־עַמּ֣וּד הֶֽ\u2060עָנָ֔ן עֹמֵ֖ד פֶּ֣תַח הָ\u2060אֹ֑הֶל וְ\u2060קָ֤ם כָּל־הָ\u2060עָם֙ וְ\u2060הִֽשְׁתַּחֲוּ֔וּ אִ֖ישׁ פֶּ֥תַח אָהֳלֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'Yahweh would speak to Moses face to face', 'This verse uses contrastive parallelism. The presence of Yahweh is represented in the cloud that stands at the entrance of the tent while the people prostrate themselves at the entrance to their tents. It would be good to try to retain the contrasting image in your translation if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '10', 'dm01', '', 'אָהֳלֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'Yahweh would speak to Moses face to face', 'This refers to the people’s tents.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '11', 'zrb8', 'figs-metaphor', 'פָּנִ֣ים אֶל־פָּנִ֔ים', '1', 'Yahweh would speak to Moses face to face', 'Speaking directly rather than through dreams and visions, is spoken of as if Moses and God saw each other’s faces while they spoke. Alternate translation: “Yahweh would speak directly to Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '11', 'lqe0', 'figs-simile', 'כַּ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֛ר יְדַבֵּ֥ר אִ֖ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֑\u2060הוּ', '1', 'Yahweh would speak to Moses face to face', 'The metaphor of speaking **face to face** is explained by the simile here. How you handled **face to face** in your language may determine how you should handle this explanatory simile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '11', 'rcsu', 'writing-participants', 'וּ\u2060מְשָׁ֨רְת֜\u2060וֹ יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ בִּן־נוּן֙ נַ֔עַר', '1', 'Yahweh would speak to Moses face to face', '**Joshua** has been introduced before but not mentioned since [Exodus 32:17](../32/17.md). Different languages may need to re-introduce him in different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '12', 'ohra', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', 'See', 'A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '12', 'hlsl', 'figs-quotations', 'הַ֚עַל אֶת־הָ\u2060עָ֣ם הַ\u2060זֶּ֔ה…דַעְתִּ֣י\u2060ךָֽ בְ\u2060שֵׁ֔ם וְ\u2060גַם־מָצָ֥אתָ חֵ֖ן בְּ\u2060עֵינָֽ\u2060י', '1', 'See', 'You may want to make these two second-level quotations indirect to reduce the levels of quotation. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '12', 'unz8', '', 'רְ֠אֵה', '1', 'See', 'This is an interjection to get someone’s attention. Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '12', 'w7fs', 'figs-idiom', 'יְדַעְתִּ֣י\u2060ךָֽ בְ\u2060שֵׁ֔ם', '1', 'I know you by name', 'To **know** someone **by name** is to know them well. Alternate translation: “I know you well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '12', 'uhjs', 'figs-activepassive', 'וְ\u2060גַם־מָצָ֥אתָ חֵ֖ן בְּ\u2060עֵינָֽ\u2060י', '1', 'you have also found favor in my eyes', 'You could state this in an active manner if your language would not use passive in this way. Alternate translation: “and my eyes find you favorable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '12', 'a7jr', 'figs-idiom', 'מָצָ֥אתָ חֵ֖ן בְּ\u2060עֵינָֽ\u2060י', '1', 'you have also found favor in my eyes', 'Here, **found favor** is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Alternate translation: “You please my eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '12', 'k101', 'figs-metonymy', 'וְ\u2060גַם־מָצָ֥אתָ חֵ֖ן בְּ\u2060עֵינָֽ\u2060י', '1', 'you have also found favor in my eyes', 'Here, **eyes** are a metonym for sight. Alternate translation: “and you have also found favor in my sight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '12', 'y281', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060גַם־מָצָ֥אתָ חֵ֖ן בְּ\u2060עֵינָֽ\u2060י', '1', 'you have also found favor in my eyes', 'Here, sight (by metonymy from **eyes**) is a metaphor representing God’s evaluation. Alternate translation: “and you have also found favor in my evaluation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '12', 'es6z', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'וְ\u2060גַם־מָצָ֥אתָ חֵ֖ן בְּ\u2060עֵינָֽ\u2060י', '1', 'you have also found favor in my eyes', 'Here, **favor** is an abstract noun that you could express in another way if necessary in your language. Alternate translation: “and you have also been found favorable in my eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '13', 'e6vv', '', 'מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֜ן בְּ\u2060עֵינֶ֗י\u2060ךָ…אֶמְצָא־חֵ֖ן בְּ\u2060עֵינֶ֑י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'Now if I have found favor in your eyes', 'Here, **found favor** is an idiom that means that God is pleased with Moses. You may also need to make the phrase active in form and change the abstract noun **favor** into another form. Finally, **eyes** are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. See how you dealt with the multiple issues in the phrase **you have found favor in my eyes** in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '13', 'zi7j', 'figs-metaphor', 'הוֹדִעֵ֤\u2060נִי נָא֙ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֔\u2060ךָ', '1', 'show me your ways', 'Here, **ways** is a metaphor either for Yahweh’s plans or for the holy life he requires. Alternate translation: (1) “please cause me to know what you are going to do in the future” (2) “please cause me to know how people can do what pleases you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '13', 'gtv4', '', 'אֶמְצָא־חֵ֖ן בְּ\u2060עֵינֶ֑י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'show me your ways', 'This instance of the phrase **find favor in your eyes** means in the future. Consider how to translate it in your language to convey an on-going situation. Alternate translation: “I can always find favor in your eyes”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '14', 'gh8q', 'figs-metonymy', 'פָּנַ֥\u2060י יֵלֵ֖כוּ', '1', 'My own presence will go', 'Yahweh’s **face** represents his presence which represents himself. Alternate translation: “I will go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '14', 'esdd', 'figs-explicit', 'פָּנַ֥\u2060י יֵלֵ֖כוּ וַ\u2060הֲנִחֹ֥תִי לָֽ\u2060ךְ', '1', 'My own presence will go', 'The preposition connected to **you** here has a very flexible meaning and seems to be connected to both **will go** and **will cause rest**. If this would be unclear, consider repeating it in both clauses. Alternate translation: “My face will go with you and I will cause rest for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '14', 'hl15', 'figs-you', 'לָֽ\u2060ךְ', '1', 'go with you…give you', 'The word **you** here refers to Moses. It is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '15', 'a2hc', 'grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical', 'אִם־אֵ֤ין פָּנֶ֨י\u2060ךָ֙ הֹלְכִ֔ים', '1', 'go with you…give you', '**If your face is not going** is a hypothetical situation in which Moses makes a request that they not go anywhere without Yahweh. In some languages you may need to place the request first. Alternate translation: “Do not take us up from here if your face is not going” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '15', 'm5cq', 'figs-metonymy', 'אִם־אֵ֤ין פָּנֶ֨י\u2060ךָ֙ הֹלְכִ֔ים', '1', 'go with you…give you', 'Yahweh’s **face** represents his presence which represents himself. Alternate translation: “If you are not going” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '16', 'cgl8', 'figs-rquestion', 'וּ\u2060בַ\u2060מֶּ֣ה׀ יִוָּדַ֣ע אֵפ֗וֹא כִּֽי־מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּ\u2060עֵינֶ֨י\u2060ךָ֙ אֲנִ֣י וְ\u2060עַמֶּ֔\u2060ךָ הֲ\u2060ל֖וֹא בְּ\u2060לֶכְתְּ\u2060ךָ֣ עִמָּ֑\u2060נוּ וְ\u2060נִפְלֵ֨ינוּ֙ אֲנִ֣י וְ\u2060עַמְּ\u2060ךָ֔ מִ\u2060כָּ֨ל־הָ\u2060עָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָ\u2060אֲדָמָֽה', '1', 'how will it be known…people?', 'This verse contains two or three rhetorical questions and the length of the second is debated. The first rhetorical question, **And in what then will it be known that I have found favor in your eyes, I and your people?** is used for emphasis and means, “There is only one way people will know that I and your people please you.” The second, **Is it not in your going with us?** is used to answer the question and means “That way is your going with us.” It is possible that the rest of the verse is (1) a statement further clarifying of how Yahweh’s favor is demonstrated (ULT, UST), (2) an extension of the second rhetorical question (“Is it not in your going with us so that I and your people shall be distinct from all of the people that are on the face of the earth?”), or (3) a separate rhetorical question making the same point (“And shall I and your people be distinct from all of the people that are on the face of the earth?”)
Moses used these questions in order to emphasize that if Yahweh does not go with them, no one will know that Yahweh is pleased with Moses and the people. Use whatever forms would be natural in your language to present an argument like this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '16', 'd36k', 'figs-infostructure', 'וּ\u2060בַ\u2060מֶּ֣ה', '1', 'For otherwise', 'This refers back to Moses’ hypothetical situation in the previous verse, that is, Yahweh not going with them. Use whatever connecting forms are necessary to make that clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '16', 'tu8e', 'figs-activepassive', 'וּ\u2060בַ\u2060מֶּ֣ה׀ יִוָּדַ֣ע אֵפ֗וֹא', '1', 'how will it be known', 'You can express this with an active form. Alternate translation: “And in what then will people know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '16', 'u82a', 'figs-idiom', 'מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּ\u2060עֵינֶ֨י\u2060ךָ֙', '1', 'Will it not only be if', 'Here, **found favor** is an idiom that means that God is pleased with Moses. You may also need to make the phrase active in form and change the abstract noun **favor** into another form. Finally, **eyes** are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. See how you dealt with the multiple issues in the phrase **you have found favor in my eyes** in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '17', 'chua', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'גַּ֣ם אֶת־הַ\u2060דָּבָ֥ר הַ\u2060זֶּ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֑ה כִּֽי־מָצָ֤אתָ חֵן֙ בְּ\u2060עֵינַ֔\u2060י וָ\u2060אֵדָעֲ\u2060ךָ֖ בְּ\u2060שֵֽׁם', '1', 'you have found favor in my eyes', 'Here, **for** signals a reason clause. Some languages may need to reorder the clauses here. Alternate translation: “Because you have found favor in my eyes and I know you by name, I will also do this thing that you have spoken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '17', 'ln7y', 'figs-idiom', 'מָצָ֤אתָ חֵן֙ בְּ\u2060עֵינַ֔\u2060י', '1', 'you have found favor in my eyes', 'Here, **found favor** is an idiom that means that God is pleased with Moses. You may also need to make the phrase active in form and change the abstract noun **favor** into another form. Finally, **eyes** are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. See how you dealt with the multiple issues in the phrase **you have found favor in my eyes** in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '17', 'aln2', 'figs-you', 'מָצָ֤אתָ', '1', 'General Information:', 'Here **you** is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '17', 'u2nv', 'figs-idiom', 'וָ\u2060אֵדָעֲ\u2060ךָ֖ בְּ\u2060שֵֽׁם', '1', 'I know you by name', 'To know someone by name is to know them well. See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md). Alternate translation: “I know you well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '18', 'w73v', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'כְּבֹדֶֽ\u2060ךָ', '1', 'I know you by name', 'In languages without abstract nouns you may need to change **glory** to another form. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '19', 'sx1a', 'figs-metaphor', 'אֲנִ֨י אַעֲבִ֤יר כָּל־טוּבִ\u2060י֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'I will make all my goodness pass before you', 'Yahweh speaks of his **goodness** like it was an object that he could move over Moses. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you may need to change or remove the figure. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '19', 'e3o3', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'טוּבִ\u2060י֙', '1', 'I will make all my goodness pass before you', 'In languages without abstract nouns you may need to change **goodness** to another form. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '19', 'gzr5', 'figs-metonymy', 'עַל־פָּנֶ֔י\u2060ךָ…לְ\u2060פָנֶ֑י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'I will make all my goodness pass before you', 'Here, **face** means “you.” Alternate translation: “above you … before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '19', 'd4z9', '', 'וְ\u2060קָרָ֧אתִֽי בְ\u2060שֵׁ֛ם יְהוָ֖ה', '1', 'I will make all my goodness pass before you', 'The meaning of the phrase is unclear. It may mean that Yahweh will disclose something about his character to Moses. Alternate translation: “and I will proclaim my name, ‘Yahweh,’ ”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '19', 'vqq6', 'figs-parallelism', 'וְ\u2060חַנֹּתִי֙ אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָחֹ֔ן וְ\u2060רִחַמְתִּ֖י אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲרַחֵֽם', '1', 'I will make all my goodness pass before you', 'These statements use parallelism internally and between each other. They stress Yahweh’s divine prerogative to do whatever he wants. The structure also parallels Yahweh’s I AM statements in [Exodus 3:14](../03/14.md). If this form of parallelism would be misunderstood in your language, consider another form that emphasizes that Yahweh is graciously kind to exactly and only those whom he chooses without outside influence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '20', 'c20q', 'writing-quotations', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֕אמֶר', '1', 'I will make all my goodness pass before you', 'In some languages it may be better not to stop and restart the quotation by omitting **And he said** at the start of this verse. Yahweh is speaking from
33:19-34:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '20', 'fyc0', '', 'כִּ֛י לֹֽא־יִרְאַ֥\u2060נִי הָ\u2060אָדָ֖ם וָ\u2060חָֽי', '1', 'I will make all my goodness pass before you', '“because no person can live after he has seen me”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '21', 'loep', 'writing-quotations', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה', '1', 'I will make all my goodness pass before you', 'In some languages it may be better not to stop and restart the quotation by omitting **And Yahweh said** at the start of this verse. Yahweh is speaking from 33:19-34:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '21', 's4iy', '', 'הִנֵּ֥ה', '1', 'See', '“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '22', 'qhe6', 'figs-metaphor', 'בַּ\u2060עֲבֹ֣ר כְּבֹדִ֔\u2060י', '1', 'See', 'Yahweh speaks of his **glory** like it was an object that he could move over Moses. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you may need to change or remove the figure. Alternate translation: “while I pass over gloriously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '22', 'o5as', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'כְּבֹדִ֔\u2060י', '1', 'See', 'In languages without abstract nouns you may need to change **glory** to another form. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '22', 'ivf5', 'figs-personification', 'וְ\u2060שַׂכֹּתִ֥י כַפִּ֛\u2060י עָלֶ֖י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'See', 'Here, Yahweh speaks as if he had hands like a person that could cover things. If this would be misunderstood in your language you could use a simile to keep the image as this figure is important to keep and extends into the next verse. Alternate translation: “I will cover you like with a hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '23', 'fmu8', 'figs-personification', 'וַ\u2060הֲסִרֹתִי֙ אֶת־כַּפִּ֔\u2060י וְ\u2060רָאִ֖יתָ אֶת־אֲחֹרָ֑\u2060י וּ\u2060פָנַ֖\u2060י לֹ֥א יֵרָאֽוּ', '1', 'you will see my back', 'The strong personification image of Yahweh continues throughout this verse and should be kept if possible. You may have to use similes if this would be misunderstood in your culture. Alternate translation: “Then it will be like I stop covering you with a hand and you will see a small part of my glory, like a person’s back, but not my full glory, like a person’s face.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '23', 'jq7t', 'grammar-connect-logic-contrast', 'וּ\u2060פָנַ֖\u2060י', '1', 'you will see my back', 'Here, **but my face** is moved to the front of the clause to emphasize contrast with **my back**. If your language has a certain way of contrasting elements be sure to make a strong contrast between Yahweh’s face and back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '33', '23', 'gw1n', 'figs-activepassive', 'וּ\u2060פָנַ֖\u2060י לֹ֥א יֵרָאֽוּ', '1', 'but my face will not be seen', 'This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “but you will not see my face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', 'intro', 'smp6', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 34 General Notes
## Outline
- v. 1-4 Yahweh orders Moses to return to the mountain
- v. 5-9 Yahweh reveals himself to Moses and Moses reacts
- v. 10-28 Covenant renewal
- v. 29-34 Moses reports to Israel
## Possible translation difficulties in this chapter
- In verse 1, Yahweh says he will write on stone tablets, yet later (v. 27-28) he commands Moses to write and the text says Moses writes.
- Yahweh reveals something significant about himself or his character to Moses. There are a number of difficult terms and concepts.
- The biblical metaphor of true worship as sexual fidelity appears in v. 14-16.
- Several verses are repeated either exactly or closely from earlier chapters.
- In v. 12-26 Yahweh appears to give a different 10 commandments from those in Exodus 20 (but also largely repeated from other earlier parts of Exodus) raising the question of what was actually written on the stone tablets in v. 28.
- The concept of Moses’s shining face may be difficult in some cultures.
### “He will bring the punishment for the fathers’ sin on their children”
This phrase does not mean that a child is necessarily punished for the sins of their parents. Many scholars believe that this passage indicates that a parent’s sins will have consequences that will affect their children and grandchildren. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '1', 'ppyw', 'writing-quotations', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה', '1', 'tablets of stone', 'Yahweh continues to speak to Moses, but there is a change of topic here so you may want to retain the speech introduction. However, if it would be misunderstood, you could simply continue the quotation from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “Yahweh continued” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '1', 'zf77', 'figs-infostructure', 'אֲשֶׁ֥ר שִׁבַּֽרְתָּ', '1', 'tablets of stone', 'This clause reminds the reader of what tablets are being mentioned by reminding you of what had happened to the previous tablets. If it would be more helpful to attach it to the first mention of the tablets in this verse in your language you could rearrange it like the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '1', 's1kv', '', 'לֻחֹ֥ת אֲבָנִ֖ים', '1', 'tablets of stone', '“flat slabs of stone” See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:18](../31/18.md)']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '3', 'ck6d', 'figs-metonymy', 'וְ\u2060גַם־אִ֥ישׁ אַל־יֵרָ֖א בְּ\u2060כָל־הָ\u2060הָ֑ר', '1', 'Do not let anyone else be seen anywhere on the mountain', 'Being seen doing something represents doing that. Alternate translation: “Do not let anyone else be anywhere on the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '3', 'x3rx', '', 'גַּם־הַ\u2060צֹּ֤אן וְ\u2060הַ\u2060בָּקָר֙ אַל־יִרְע֔וּ אֶל־מ֖וּל הָ\u2060הָ֥ר הַ\u2060הֽוּא', '1', 'No flocks or herds are even to graze in front of the mountain', '“Even flocks or herds are not allowed to come near the mountain to eat.”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '5', 'sp7f', 'writing-pronouns', 'וַ\u2060יִּתְיַצֵּ֥ב עִמּ֖\u2060וֹ שָׁ֑ם וַ\u2060יִּקְרָ֥א', '1', 'stood with Moses there', 'The pronouns are not clear here, but the referents are probably as in the following alternate translation: “and Yahweh stood with Moses there and Yahweh proclaimed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '5', 'r9ey', 'figs-metonymy', 'וַ\u2060יִּקְרָ֥א בְ\u2060שֵׁ֖ם יְהוָֽה', '1', 'he pronounced the name “Yahweh.”', 'Possible meanings are (1) “he spoke the name ‘Yahweh.’” or (2) “he proclaimed who Yahweh is.” For the second meaning, **name** would represent who God is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '6', 'fz1q', 'figs-123person', 'יְהוָ֣ה׀ יְהוָ֔ה אֵ֥ל רַח֖וּם וְ\u2060חַנּ֑וּן', '1', 'Yahweh, Yahweh, God is merciful and gracious', 'God is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am God, and I am merciful and gracious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '6', 't0kd', 'figs-doublet', 'רַח֖וּם וְ\u2060חַנּ֑וּן', '1', 'Yahweh, Yahweh, God is merciful and gracious', 'This is a doublet emphasizing that Yahweh cares for people and acts kindly towards them. If a doublet would not strengthen the statement here in your language consider another form that would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '6', 'f7iq', 'figs-idiom', 'אֶ֥רֶךְ אַפַּ֖יִם', '1', 'Yahweh, Yahweh, God is merciful and gracious', 'This is an idiom that means Yahweh does not get angry easily or quickly. Alternate translation: “slow to anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '6', 'j7we', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'וְ\u2060רַב־חֶ֥סֶד וֶ\u2060אֱמֶֽת', '1', 'abounding in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness', 'The abstract nouns **covenant faithfulness** and **trustworthiness** can be stated as “covenantally faithful” and “trustworthy.” (For **covenant faithfulness** see [Exodus 20:6](../20/06.md)). Alternate translation: “always being faithful to my covenant and always being trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '6', 'd1qj', 'figs-doublet', 'חֶ֥סֶד וֶ\u2060אֱמֶֽת', '1', 'abounding in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness', 'This is a doublet emphasizing that Yahweh always does what he promises towards the people he loves. If a doublet would not strengthen the statement here in your language consider another form that would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '7', 'lt2j', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'נֹצֵ֥ר חֶ֨סֶד֙ לָ\u2060אֲלָפִ֔ים', '1', 'keeping covenant faithfulness for thousands of generations', 'The abstract nouns **covenant faithfulness** can be stated as “faithfully loving” or “faithful love.” See how you translated this in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “faithfully loving thousands of generations” or “faithful to his covenant with thousands of generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '7', 'q7z8', 'figs-ellipsis', 'לָ\u2060אֲלָפִ֔ים', '1', 'But he will', 'Here, **thousands** may refer to thousands of generations or thousands of people. The two notes following deal with either possibility. See [Exodus 20:6](../20/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '7', 'x90l', 'figs-hyperbole', 'לָ\u2060אֲלָפִ֔ים', '1', 'But he will', 'Option 1: This large number is used to mean “forever” or “to all descendants forever.” Alternate translation: “for every generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '7', 'dxkb', 'figs-metonymy', 'לָ\u2060אֲלָפִ֔ים', '1', 'But he will', 'Option 2: The word **thousands** is a metonym for a number too many to count. Alternate translation: “to innumerable people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '7', 'hllt', 'figs-litany', 'עָוֺ֛ן וָ\u2060פֶ֖שַׁע וְ\u2060חַטָּאָ֑ה', '1', 'But he will', 'This list is meant to convey the idea of every kind of wrong. If a list like this would be misunderstood in your language you may need to use other terms or forms to make this point. Alternate translation: “every kind of sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litany]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '7', 'e2qc', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'עָוֺ֛ן וָ\u2060פֶ֖שַׁע וְ\u2060חַטָּאָ֑ה…עֲוֺ֣ן', '1', 'But he will', 'If your language does not use an abstract noun for these ideas, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns in another way as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '7', 'x397', 'figs-123person', 'וְ\u2060נַקֵּה֙ לֹ֣א יְנַקֶּ֔ה', '1', 'he will by no means clear the guilty', 'Yahweh is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “But I will certainly not acquit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '7', 'ts1b', 'figs-ellipsis', 'וְ\u2060נַקֵּה֙ לֹ֣א יְנַקֶּ֔ה', '1', 'will by no means clear the guilty', 'Whom Yahweh will not acquit is not stated. Many translations will require that information. Alternate translations: “he will certainly not clear the guilty” or “he will certainly not say that the guilty are innocent” or “he will certainly not free guilty people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '7', 'lyrg', 'figs-metonymy', 'עֲוֺ֣ן', '1', 'will by no means clear the guilty', 'Here, **iniquity** refers to the consequences or the punishment for iniquity. Alternate translation: “the punishment for the iniquity of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '7', 'px85', 'figs-metaphor', 'פֹּקֵ֣ד׀ עֲוֺ֣ן אָב֗וֹת עַל־בָּנִים֙ וְ\u2060עַל־בְּנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים', '1', 'He will bring the punishment for the fathers’ sin on their children', 'The **iniquity of the fathers** is spoken of as if it were something capable of **visiting** people. If this image would be misunderstood you may need to translate the meaning. Alternate translation: “punishing the sons and the sons of the sons for the iniquity of the fathers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '7', 'c3tb', 'figs-metonymy', 'עַל־בָּנִים֙ וְ\u2060עַל־בְּנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים', '1', 'their children', 'The references to **sons** and **sons of the sons** represents descendants. Alternate translation: “on their descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '7', 'd462', 'figs-explicit', 'עַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֖ים וְ\u2060עַל־רִבֵּעִֽים', '1', 'their children', 'Here, “generation” is implied. Many translations will need to make this explicit as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '7', 'pacu', 'figs-metonymy', 'עַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֖ים וְ\u2060עַל־רִבֵּעִֽים', '1', 'their children', 'Here, **third** and **fourth** means “several.” If this would not be understood and your language has a way of referring to an unspecified (but approximately 3-4) number, you may have to use it here. Alternate translation: “on a few generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '8', 'c1qt', 'figs-rpronoun', 'וַ\u2060יִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ', '1', 'their children', 'Here, **himself** means that Moses did this action to his own body. Some languages may use a special form to indicate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronoun]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '8', 'mf8o', 'figs-doublet', 'וַ\u2060יִּקֹּ֥ד אַ֖רְצָ\u2060ה וַ\u2060יִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ', '1', 'their children', 'These two verbs have very similar meanings and are often used together to express people’s physical and spiritual posture in worship. If such repetition would be misunderstood in your language you may need to express the physical action and spiritual action explicitly. Alternate translation: “bowed to the ground in worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '9', 'mh3a', 'figs-idiom', 'מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּ\u2060עֵינֶ֨י\u2060ךָ֙', '1', 'If now I have found favor in your eyes', 'Here, **found favor** is an idiom that means that God is pleased with Moses. You may also need to make the phrase active in form and change the abstract noun **favor** into another form. Finally, **eyes** are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. See how you dealt with the multiple issues in the phrase **I have found favor in your eyes** in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '9', 'vhu5', 'figs-metaphor', 'עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֨רֶף֙ ה֔וּא', '1', 'If now I have found favor in your eyes', 'Moses speaks of the people being rebellious as if they had hard necks. See how you translated this in [Exodus 32:9](../32/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '9', 'hw66', 'figs-doublet', 'לַ\u2060עֲוֺנֵ֥\u2060נוּ וּ\u2060לְ\u2060חַטָּאתֵ֖\u2060נוּ', '1', 'our iniquity and our sin', 'The words **iniquity** and **sin** mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “all our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '10', 'zwsm', '', '', '0', 'your people', 'The covenant is largely repeated starting in this verse and consists of two parts 1) What Yahweh will do which is detailed in verses 10-11 (and briefly restated in verse 24) and 2) What is required of the Israelites which is detailed in verses 12-26. For further context see [Exodus 19:5 and following](../19/05.md), and [23:20-24:8](../23/20.md). Verses 12-26 are another list of ten commandments.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '10', 'ps7o', 'figs-metaphor', 'כֹּרֵ֣ת בְּרִית֒', '1', 'your people', 'To **cut a covenant** means to make a covenant. The terminology refers to ancient rituals around making covenants which is illustrated in Genesis 15. Alternate translation: “am about to make a covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '10', 'zdq6', 'figs-possession', 'עַמְּ\u2060ךָ֙', '1', 'your people', 'Here the **people** are referred to as belonging to Moses. This refers to his being their leader. Alternate translation: ”the people you lead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '10', 'itdx', '', 'כָל־הָ֠\u2060עָם אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֨ה בְ\u2060קִרְבּ֜\u2060וֹ', '1', 'your people', 'This phrase is ambiguous and could refer to 1) the nations that surrounded Israel or 2) the Israelites (who surrounded Moses). Attempt to maintain the ambiguity if you can, otherwise you may choose one, perhaps following another locally known translation’s choice.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '10', 'bj1a', '', 'כִּֽי־נוֹרָ֣א ה֔וּא אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י עֹשֶׂ֥ה עִמָּֽ\u2060ךְ', '1', 'it is a fearful thing that I am doing with you', 'This means that what Yahweh is doing causes people to be afraid. In this case, people will fear Yahweh when they see what he does. Alternate translation: “for what I am doing with you will cause fear”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '10', 's7uz', 'figs-you', 'עִמָּֽ\u2060ךְ', '1', 'I am doing with you', 'Here **you** refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '11', 'xtkf', 'figs-metonymy', 'גֹרֵ֣שׁ מִ\u2060פָּנֶ֗י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'I am doing with you', 'Here, **from before your faces** means “ahead of you” or “on your behalf.” Yahweh is emphasizing who is doing the driving out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '11', 'kfix', 'translate-names', 'אֶת־הָ\u2060אֱמֹרִי֙ וְ\u2060הַֽ\u2060כְּנַעֲנִ֔י וְ\u2060הַ\u2060חִתִּי֙ וְ\u2060הַ\u2060פְּרִזִּ֔י וְ\u2060הַ\u2060חִוִּ֖י וְ\u2060הַ\u2060יְבוּסִֽי', '1', 'I am doing with you', 'See how you translated these in [Exodus 33:2](../33/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '12', 'fmc9', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Verses 12-16 are the first of these ten commandments. The original language is structured such that every clause in these verses is subordinate to the initial, **Guard yourself**. That sort of structure may not be possible in your language (as it is not in English).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '12', 'mnpv', 'figs-rpronoun', 'לְ\u2060ךָ֗', '1', 'General Information:', 'Here, **yourself** means that each Israelite should guard against committing these sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronoun]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '12', 'n1il', 'figs-hypo', 'פֶּן־תִּכְרֹ֤ת בְּרִית֙ לְ\u2060יוֹשֵׁ֣ב הָ\u2060אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֖ה בָּ֣א עָלֶ֑י\u2060הָ פֶּן־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְ\u2060מוֹקֵ֖שׁ בְּ\u2060קִרְבֶּֽ\u2060ךָ', '1', 'General Information:', 'This sentence contains two hypotheticals as a warning. Each is introduced by **lest**. Use a marker in your language that introduces a hypothetical situation, but also see the next note. Alternate translation: “If you were to cut a covenant with the inhabitant of the land where you are about to go into, probably he would become as a trap in your midst.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '12', 't1hz', 'grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical', 'פֶּן־תִּכְרֹ֤ת בְּרִית֙ לְ\u2060יוֹשֵׁ֣ב הָ\u2060אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֖ה בָּ֣א עָלֶ֑י\u2060הָ פֶּן־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְ\u2060מוֹקֵ֖שׁ בְּ\u2060קִרְבֶּֽ\u2060ךָ', '1', 'General Information:', 'The second of these hypothetical statements is logically dependent on and follows after the first as a result. As you mark these hypotheticals, use a form that communicates that the second is a result of the first. Alternate translation: “because if you cut a covenant with the inhabitant of the land where you are about to go into then he will become as a trap in your midst” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '12', 'b459', 'figs-metaphor', 'תִּכְרֹ֤ת בְּרִית֙', '1', 'General Information:', 'To **cut a covenant** means to make a covenant. The terminology refers to ancient rituals around making covenants which is illustrated in Genesis 15. Alternate translation: “you make a covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '12', 'tnka', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'לְ\u2060יוֹשֵׁ֣ב…יִהְיֶ֥ה', '1', 'General Information:', 'The word **inhabitant** is a singular noun that refers to any individual inhabitant or group of inhabitants from the peoples mentioned in the previous verse. The pronoun **he** is agreeing with that singular noun. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you can use a different expression. Alternate translation: “with the inhabitants of … they become” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '12', 'lxz8', 'figs-simile', 'פֶּן־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְ\u2060מוֹקֵ֖שׁ בְּ\u2060קִרְבֶּֽ\u2060ךָ', '1', 'they will become a trap among you', 'People who tempt others to sin are spoken of as if they were a **trap.** Alternate translation: “lest those remaining people tempt you to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '13', 'wkbx', 'grammar-connect-logic-contrast', 'כִּ֤י', '1', 'they will become a trap among you', 'This word marks a strong contrast with the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a strong contrast. Alternate translation: “Do the opposite!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '15', 'r70f', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'לְ\u2060יוֹשֵׁ֣ב…וְ\u2060קָרָ֣א…מִ\u2060זִּבְחֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'General Information:', 'The word **inhabitant** is a singular noun that refers to any individual inhabitant or group of inhabitants from the peoples mentioned in the previous verse. The pronouns **he** and **his** are agreeing with that singular noun. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you can use a different expression. See how you translated this in [verse 12](../34/12.md). Alternate translation: “with the inhabitants of … and they invite … from their sacrifice” or “with the inhabitants of … and one of them invites … from his sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '13', 'tfd1', 'figs-infostructure', 'אֶת־מִזְבְּחֹתָ\u2060ם֙ תִּתֹּצ֔וּ\u2060ן וְ\u2060אֶת־מַצֵּבֹתָ֖\u2060ם תְּשַׁבֵּר֑וּ\u2060ן וְ\u2060אֶת־אֲשֵׁרָ֖י\u2060ו תִּכְרֹתֽוּ\u2060ן', '1', 'they will become a trap among you', 'This unusual word order reflects the original in bringing each item the Israelites must destroy into focus. You should use whatever form in your language would emphasize or focus on each item that they must destroy. Alternate translation: “as for their altars, break them down! As for their stone pillars, smash them to pieces! As for their trees where they worship the goddess Asherah, cut them all down!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '13', 'gbp0', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'תִּכְרֹתֽוּ\u2060ן', '1', 'they will become a trap among you', 'For some reason only this pronoun is singular, referring back the singular “inhabitant” in the previous verse. Translate it based on your decision in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '14', 'fzjz', 'translate-symaction', 'לֹ֥א תִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה', '1', 'Yahweh, whose name is Jealous', 'To **bow to another god** means to worship it. This imagery is throughout scripture and should be retained in translation. Alternate translation: “you shall not bow to worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '14', 'vmx2', 'figs-metaphor', 'כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ קַנָּ֣א שְׁמ֔\u2060וֹ אֵ֥ל קַנָּ֖א הֽוּא׃', '1', 'Yahweh, whose name is Jealous', 'The repeated word **jealous** means that God is concerned to keep his honor. If his people worship other gods, he loses honor, because when his people do not honor him, other people also will not honor him. This is pictured in a metaphor of a jealous spouse who is concerned that his spouse be faithful to him. This is an important Biblical metaphor that should be kept in translation if at all possible. The UST makes this image explicit as a simile, which can be done occasionally but would probably be too long for repeated use in a translation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh jealously guards his reputation. He is a God jealous of his honor.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '14', 's5sd', 'figs-metonymy', 'כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ קַנָּ֣א שְׁמ֔\u2060וֹ', '1', 'whose name is Jealous,', 'Here, the word **name** represents God’s character. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is always jealous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '15', 'udz0', 'figs-hypo', 'פֶּן־תִּכְרֹ֥ת בְּרִ֖ית לְ\u2060יוֹשֵׁ֣ב הָ\u2060אָ֑רֶץ וְ\u2060זָנ֣וּ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֱלֹֽהֵי\u2060הֶ֗ם וְ\u2060זָבְחוּ֙ לֵ\u2060אלֹ֣הֵי\u2060הֶ֔ם וְ\u2060קָרָ֣א לְ\u2060ךָ֔', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Most of this verse is a sort of chain of logically consecutive hypothetical events that Yahweh is warning the Israelites against. Your language may have a specific way this sort of argument must be structured or phrased. One way to see this would be to repeat **lest** before every verb in verse 15-16. Alternate translation: “If you cut a covenant the inhabitant of the land, and if they then prostitute after their gods and sacrifice to their gods, and if he then invites you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '15', 'f1e3', '', 'פֶּן־תִּכְרֹ֥ת בְּרִ֖ית לְ\u2060יוֹשֵׁ֣ב הָ\u2060אָ֑רֶץ', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'This phrase is exactly the same as the second clause of [verse 12](../34/12.md). It serves as a reminder of the command Yahweh is giving as he begins to expand on the “trap” he mentioned in verse 12. Your language may need to mark this repetition in a particular way. Alternate translation: “Remember: keep yourself lest you cut a covenant with the inhabitant of the land”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '15', 'n4nt', 'figs-metaphor', 'תִּכְרֹ֥ת בְּרִ֖ית', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'To **cut a covenant** means to make a covenant. The terminology refers to ancient rituals around making covenants which is illustrated in Genesis 15. See how you translated this in [verse 12](../34/12.md). Alternate translation: “you make a covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '15', 'gtd8', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060זָנ֣וּ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֱלֹֽהֵי\u2060הֶ֗ם', '1', 'for they prostitute themselves to their gods', 'In this metaphor, Yahweh speaks of people worshiping other gods as if they were prostitutes going to other men. This metaphor is most often used regarding the unfaithfulness of the Israelites. The metaphor is not quite as clear with the other nations because while Yahweh is the only true God, he is not in special covenant with the other nations as their god. However, since the worship is still impurely following false gods, the metaphor is used here. Alternate translation: “and they worship their gods” or “because they worship their gods like prostitutes who go to other men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '15', 'd1m0', 'figs-metonymy', 'וְ\u2060זָנ֣וּ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֱלֹֽהֵי\u2060הֶ֗ם', '1', 'for they prostitute themselves to their gods', 'This phrase may also be seen as a metonymy because sexual sin was a regular part of worshipping false gods. Alternate translation: “and they worship by fornicating with their gods’ cult prostitutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '15', 'vijl', 'figs-ellipsis', 'וְ\u2060קָרָ֣א לְ\u2060ךָ֔', '1', 'for they prostitute themselves to their gods', 'Here, what the inhabitant will invite the Israelite to is not stated, but can be inferred from context. At the most basic level it is an invitation to eat food the Israelites were forbidden to eat. It is unclear how much more participation in worshipping false gods is implied. If your language requires that you specify what the Israelite is being invited into you may have to add some information. Alternate translation: “and he will invite you to eat from his sacrifice” or “and he will invite you to a feast to honor his gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '15', 'ygd9', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וְ\u2060אָכַלְתָּ֖ מִ\u2060זִּבְחֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'for they prostitute themselves to their gods', 'The first part of the sin Yahweh is warning against in this and the next verse is to **eat from his sacrifice**. This clause is the result of disobedience regarding the **covenant** and the logical conclusion of the series of hypothetical events Yahweh presents before this. Alternate translation: “as a result, you will eat from his sacrifice” or “then you will eat from his sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '15', 'hhbc', 'figs-synecdoche', 'וְ\u2060אָכַלְתָּ֖ מִ\u2060זִּבְחֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'for they prostitute themselves to their gods', 'Here, **and you eat from his sacrifice** may be a synecdoche for any and all parts of the worship of the other nations’ false gods. Alternate translation: “and you feast to honor his gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '15', 'bj2i', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060אָכַלְתָּ֖ מִ\u2060זִּבְחֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'you will eat some of his sacrifice', 'The consequence of eating food that is sacrificed to another god can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “and you will eat some of his sacrifice and become guilty of worshiping his gods” or “and you will prostitute yourself to his god by eating some of his sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '16', 'jaic', 'grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical', '', '0', 'you will eat some of his sacrifice', 'The string of hypothetical actions, each with its logical result continues throughout this verse. Continue translating the transitions between clauses as you decided in verse 15. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '16', 'd4ma', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060זָנ֣וּ בְנֹתָ֗י\u2060ו אַחֲרֵי֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵי\u2060הֶ֔ן', '1', 'you will eat some of his sacrifice', 'In this metaphor, Yahweh speaks of people worshiping other gods as if they were prostitutes going to other men. This metaphor is most often used regarding the unfaithfulness of the Israelites. The metaphor is not quite as clear with the other nations because while Yahweh is the only true God, he is not in special covenant with the other nations as their god. However, since the worship is still impurely following false gods, the metaphor is used here. See how you translated it in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “and his daughters worship their gods” or “and his daughters worship their gods like prostitutes who go to other men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '16', 'k0lr', 'figs-metaphor', 'וְ\u2060הִזְנוּ֙ אֶת־בָּנֶ֔י\u2060ךָ אַחֲרֵ֖י אֱלֹהֵי\u2060הֶֽן', '1', 'you will eat some of his sacrifice', 'In this metaphor, Yahweh speaks of people worshiping other gods as if they were prostitutes going to other men. The metaphor is clear here since it is referring to Israelite men who should be Yahweh worshippers. Alternate translation: “and cause your sons to worship their gods” or “and cause your sons to worship their gods like prostitutes who go to other men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '16', 'p98a', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וְ\u2060הִזְנוּ֙ אֶת־בָּנֶ֔י\u2060ךָ אַחֲרֵ֖י אֱלֹהֵי\u2060הֶֽן', '1', 'you will eat some of his sacrifice', 'This is the climatic consequence of living in peace the the nations God is driving out before them: complete apostacy from Yahweh and loss of the next generation to wickedness. Specifically it is the result of intermarriage with the pagans, which God has explicitly forbidden for this very reason. If your language marks the final consequence of a string of actions in a particular way it may be appropriate to use it here. Alternate translation: “and in the end, they will cause even your sons to prostitute after their gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '17', 'lgab', '', '', '0', 'you will eat some of his sacrifice', 'The prohibition here is focused on making gods. In your translation make sure that the focus is not on the method, but the god-making.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '17', 'rux0', '', 'מַסֵּכָ֖ה', '1', 'you will eat some of his sacrifice', 'See how you translated **molten metal** in [Exodus 32:4}(../32/04.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '18', 's1rr', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'This verse is almost identical to most of [Exodus 23:15](../23/15.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '18', 'u5be', 'translate-numbers', 'שִׁבְעַ֨ת', '1', 'seven days', '“7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '18', 'i5ck', 'translate-hebrewmonths', 'הָ\u2060אָבִ֑יב…הָֽ\u2060אָבִ֔יב', '1', 'in the month of Aviv', 'This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. **Aviv** is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. See how you translated **Aviv** in [Exodus 13:4](../13/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '19', 'ly7d', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'This verse is similar to [Exodus 13:12](../13/12.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '20', 'sbrs', '', '', '0', 'buy back', 'This verse is very similar to [Exodus 13:13](../13/13.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '20', 'j4tv', 'figs-explicit', 'בְ\u2060שֶׂ֔ה…וַ\u2060עֲרַפְתּ֑\u2060וֹ', '1', 'buy back', 'You may need to make explicit that either the **lamb** or **donkey** must be killed, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '20', 'c5ow', '', 'לֹ֥א תִפְדֶּ֖ה', '1', 'buy back', '“you do not ransom the donkey”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '20', 'yz8x', '', '', '1', 'buy back', 'Firstborn sons and firstborn donkeys belonged to Yahweh, but Yahweh did not want them sacrificed to Him. Instead, the Israelites were to sacrifice a lamb in their place. This allowed the Israelites to buy the donkeys and sons back from Yahweh.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '20', 'u2p5', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'וְ\u2060לֹֽא־יֵרָא֥וּ פָנַ֖\u2060י רֵיקָֽם', '1', 'No one may appear before me empty-handed', 'Here understatement is used to emphasize that the Israelites must bring a suitable offering to Yahweh. This portion of the verse is identical to the end of [Exodus 23:15](../23/15.md). Alternate translation: “come to me without a proper offering” or “always bring an offering to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '21', 'w9ed', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'This command is similar to that in [Exodus 20:9](../20/09.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '21', 'n2ka', 'translate-ordinal', 'וּ\u2060בַ\u2060יּ֥וֹם הַ\u2060שְּׁבִיעִ֖י', '1', 'General Information:', '“but on day seven” Here **seventh** is the ordinal number for 7. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '21', 'swm8', '', 'בֶּ\u2060חָרִ֥ישׁ וּ\u2060בַ\u2060קָּצִ֖יר', '1', 'Even at plowing time and in harvest', '“Even when you are preparing the soil or gathering the crops”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '22', 'lhxb', '', '', '0', 'Festival of Ingathering', 'This verse is similar to [Exodus 23:16](../23/16.md), however the first festival is named **Festival of Weeks** here and “Festival of the Harvest” in 23:16.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '22', 'd13l', '', 'וְ\u2060חַג֙ הָֽ\u2060אָסִ֔יף', '1', 'Festival of Ingathering', 'This festival celebrated the final harvesting of all the crops for the year. This festival was also known as the Festival of Shelters or the Festival of Booths. The idea came from the practice of the farmers living in temporary booths, or huts, out in the fields to guard the crop as it ripened. See Deuteronomy 16:13. See how you translated this in [Exodus 23:16](../23/16.md). Alternate translation: “and the Festival of the Ingathering”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '22', 'xqy4', 'figs-metaphor', 'תְּקוּפַ֖ת הַ\u2060שָּׁנָֽה', '1', 'Festival of Ingathering', 'Like “the exiting of the year” in [Exodus 23:16](../23/16.md), this refers to the end of the year. Here, the year is pictured as something that can turn. Which, thinking of the planet, is highly astronomically accurate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '23', 'zh58', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Except for **God of Israel** and dropping “to,” this verse is identical to [Exodus 23:17](../23/17.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '23', 'iagy', 'figs-metonymy', 'יֵרָאֶה֙…אֶת־פְּנֵ֛י הָֽ\u2060אָדֹ֥ן', '1', 'General Information:', 'Here to **appear before the face of the Lord Yahweh** means to gather to worship. **Before the face** is a metonym for Yahweh’s presence, referring to worship. Alternate translation: “must come to worship the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '25', 'zx2v', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'See the very similar [Exodus 23:18](../23/18.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '25', 'e8v2', 'figs-explicit', 'דַּם־זִבְחִ֑\u2060י', '1', 'the blood of my sacrifice', 'The fact that the blood is from an animal can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the blood of an animal that you sacrifice to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '26', 'bv0a', '', '', '0', 'the blood of my sacrifice', 'This verse is identical to [Exodus 23:19](../23/19.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '27', 'x6j9', '', 'כִּ֞י עַל־פִּ֣י׀ הַ\u2060דְּבָרִ֣ים הָ\u2060אֵ֗לֶּה', '1', 'the blood of my sacrifice', '“for in accordance with these words” or “for according to these words”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '27', 'ybz6', 'figs-metaphor', 'רַ֧תִּי אִתְּ\u2060ךָ֛ בְּרִ֖ית', '1', 'the blood of my sacrifice', 'To **cut a covenant** means to make a covenant. The terminology refers to ancient rituals around making covenants which is illustrated in Genesis 15. See UST. See how you translated this in [verse 12](../34/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '28', 'j9t4', 'translate-numbers', 'עֲשֶׂ֖רֶת', '1', 'forty days', '“10” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '28', 'wt1c', '', 'אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יוֹם֙ וְ\u2060אַרְבָּעִ֣ים לַ֔יְלָה', '1', 'for forty days and nights', '“for 40 days, including the nights”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '28', 'yun2', 'writing-pronouns', 'וַ\u2060יִּכְתֹּ֣ב', '1', 'He wrote', 'Here, **he** probably refers to Moses, based on Yahweh’s command in the previous verse. However, [Exodus 34:1](../34/01.md) opens the possibility that Yahweh wrote. It is best to leave it ambiguous, but if you must specify, saying Moses is better. Alternate translation: “Moses wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '29', 't1s0', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יְהִ֗י', '1', 'had become radiant', 'This marks a change of scene which you should mark in a natural way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '29', 'x70x', 'figs-infostructure', 'יְהִ֗י בְּ\u2060רֶ֤דֶת מֹשֶׁה֙ מֵ\u2060הַ֣ר סִינַ֔י וּ\u2060שְׁנֵ֨י לֻחֹ֤ת הָֽ\u2060עֵדֻת֙ בְּ\u2060יַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בְּ\u2060רִדְתּ֖\u2060וֹ מִן־הָ\u2060הָ֑ר', '1', 'had become radiant', 'The statement about Moses’ descent from the mountain is repeated almost verbatim, but does not refer to two events. If this would be misunderstood you may need to state it only once in translation as in the UST. Alternate translation: “Then Moses came down from Mount Sinai. As he was coming down from the mountain, he was carrying the two tablets of the testimony in his hands.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '29', 'gkze', 'figs-infostructure', '', '1', 'had become radiant', '(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '29', 'yagj', 'figs-infostructure', 'וּ\u2060מֹשֶׁ֣ה לֹֽא־יָדַ֗ע כִּ֥י קָרַ֛ן ע֥וֹר פָּנָ֖י\u2060ו בְּ\u2060דַבְּר֥\u2060וֹ אִתּֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'had become radiant', 'In some languages it will make more sense to state that Moses’ **face shone** before saying that he **did not know that** as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '29', 'd9zk', '', 'קָרַ֛ן', '1', 'had become radiant', '“became radiant”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '30', 'yn9s', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'וַ\u2060יִּֽירְא֖וּ', '1', 'had become radiant', 'They were afraid because of his bright face. Alternate translation: “because of that, they were afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '32', 'kt23', '', 'יְצַוֵּ֕\u2060ם אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אִתּ֖\u2060וֹ בְּ\u2060הַ֥ר סִינָֽי', '1', 'all the commands that Yahweh had given him', 'This means that Moses commanded the Israelites to obey everything Yahweh had commanded Moses to command the Israelites to do.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '34', 'fzm1', 'grammar-connect-time-background', '', '0', 'he would remove', 'This and the next verse give a general statement about Moses’s practice for an unstated amount of time (it was probably from this point until his death as he continued to talk to Yahweh). You should mark this with a form in your language that is used for on-going action like **would** and the UST’s “Whenever.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '34', '34', 'm1sv', 'figs-activepassive', 'יְצֻוֶּֽה', '1', 'what he was commanded', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh had commanded him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', 'intro', 'lew9', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 35 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Sacrifice
All of the people offered sacrifices to Yahweh. This was a form of worship and a sign of repentance from making the golden calf idol. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worship]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '2', 'c559', 'translate-ordinal', '', '1', 'the seventh day', '“day number seven” or “Saturday” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '2', 'zij9', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'Whoever does any work on that day must be put to death', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must kill anyone who does work on that day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '4', 'jdb8', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '5', 'h5c8', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '5', 'n2c8', '', '', '1', 'Take an offering for Yahweh', '“Take up a collection for Yahweh”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '5', 'y2x6', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '1', 'all of you who have a willing heart', 'Here “heart” refers to the person bringing the offering. Alternate translation: “everyone who is willing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '6', 'r12v', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '7', 'nmv4', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '7', 'l5bq', '', '', '1', 'ram skins dyed red and fine leather hides', 'See how you translated similar phrases in [Exodus 25:5](../25/05.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '8', 'ikm4', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '9', 'f1dd', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '10', 'c31r', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'Moses continues telling the people what God commanded them to do.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '10', 'dc4b', '', '', '1', 'Every skilled man', '“Every man with a skill”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '11', 'j5t7', '', '', '1', 'clasps', 'The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:6](../26/06.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '11', 'syn4', '', '', '1', 'bases', 'These are heavy objects that rest on the ground and keep the object attached to them from moving. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:31](../25/31.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '12', 'rj7s', '', '', '1', 'atonement lid', 'This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '13', 'x3tl', '', '', '1', 'They brought', '“The people of Israel brought”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '13', 'l641', '', '', '1', 'bread of the presence', 'This bread represented the presence of God. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:30](../25/30.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '16', 'h116', '', '', '1', 'bronze grate', 'This is a frame of crossed bronze bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated “grate” in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '17', 'h8zl', '', '', '1', 'hangings', 'These were large curtains made of cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '17', 'x54f', '', '', '1', 'posts', 'These were strong pieces of wood set upright and used as supports. See how you translated these in [Exodus 27:10](../27/10.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '17', 'xtm8', '', '', '1', 'bases', 'These were blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '18', 'n44r', '', '', '1', 'tent pegs', 'sharp pieces of wood or metal used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:19](../27/19.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '19', 'x1pc', '', '', '1', 'finely-woven garments', 'This was clothing made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '20', 'w6rg', 'figs-metonymy', '', '1', 'all the tribes of Israel', 'This refers to the people in the tribes. Alternate translation: “the people from all the tribes of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '21', 'b9wk', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '1', 'whose heart stirred him up', 'Here “heart” refers to the person. The heart that responded to God is spoken of as if it were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate translation: “who responded to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '21', 'be9z', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '1', 'whom his spirit made willing', 'Here “spirit” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “who was willing” or “who wanted to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '22', 'mwx8', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '1', 'all who had a willing heart', 'Here “heart” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who was willing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '22', 'wwp2', '', '', '1', 'brooches, earrings, rings, and ornaments', 'These are different kinds of jewelry.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '23', 's3ky', '', '', '1', 'Everyone who had…brought them', 'For 35:23 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:4-5](../25/04.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '25', 'ebm5', '', '', '1', 'blue, purple, or scarlet wool', 'Possible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 25:4](../25/04.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '26', 'k1gy', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '1', 'whose hearts stirred them up', 'Here “hearts” refers to the women. The hearts of the women who responded to God are spoken of as if they were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate translation: “who responded to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '27', 'f13n', '', '', '1', 'The leaders brought…breastpiece', 'For 35:27 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '28', 'h3a1', '', '', '1', 'they brought spices…fragrant incense', 'For 35:28 see how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 25:6](../25/06.md)']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '29', 'li5z', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '1', 'whose heart was willing', 'Here “heart” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “who was willing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '30', 'z1e2', '', '', '1', 'Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur, from the tribe of Judah', 'See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md)']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '31', 'gse9', 'figs-metaphor', '', '1', 'He has filled Bezalel with his Spirit', 'God’s Spirit who gave Bezalel the ability to work is spoken of here as if he was something that filled up Bezalel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '31', 'zd74', '', '', '1', 'filled Bezalel…craftsmanship', 'See how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 31:3](../31/03.md)']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '32', 'r7e3', '', '', '1', 'to make artistic designs…bronze', 'See how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 31:4](../31/04.md)']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '33', 'fj6f', '', '', '1', 'also to cut and set stones…craftsmanship', 'See how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 31:5](../31/05.md)']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '34', 'a1r8', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'Moses continues speaking to the people.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '34', 'xd67', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '1', 'He has put it in his heart to teach', 'Here “heart” refers to Bezalel. The ability to teach is spoken of as if it something that could be placed in a heart. Alternate translation: “He gave Bezalel the ability to teach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '34', 'ab2z', 'translate-names', '', '1', 'Oholiab son of Ahisamak, from the tribe of Dan', '“Oholiab” and “Ahisamak” are names of men. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '35', 'rcv9', 'figs-metaphor', '', '1', 'filled them with skill', 'Skill to create beautiful objects is spoken of as if it were something that could fill up a person. Alternate translation: “made them very skillful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '35', 'me14', '', '', '1', 'engravers', 'a person who cuts designs into a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '35', 'u7tf', '', '', '1', 'embroiderers', 'people who sew designs into cloth']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '35', 'r8zk', '', '', '1', 'craftsmen', 'people who are skilled in making beautiful objects by hand']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '35', 'cw3x', '', '', '1', 'weavers', 'a person who creates cloth using thread']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '35', '35', 'a6c3', '', '', '1', 'artistic designers', 'a person who creates beauty with materials']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', 'intro', 'nz4n', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 36 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Tent of meeting
The tent of meeting, or tabernacle, mentioned in previous chapters is constructed in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '1', 'ubk2', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'Moses continues speaking to the people.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '1', 'ds99', 'translate-names', '', '1', 'Bezalel', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '1', 'tl5b', 'translate-names', '', '1', 'Oholiab', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '1', 'tr3p', 'figs-metaphor', '', '1', 'to whom Yahweh has given skill and ability', 'Here skill and ability are spoken of as if they are something that Yahweh can place inside a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '1', 'mdi4', '', '', '1', 'according to all that Yahweh has commanded', '“just as Yahweh has commanded”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '2', 'tgn2', 'translate-names', '', '1', 'Bezalel', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '2', 'wq6q', 'translate-names', '', '1', 'Oholiab', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '2', 'tda7', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '1', 'in whose mind Yahweh had given skill', 'Here “mind” refers to the person who was made skillful by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to whom Yahweh had given skill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '2', 'yuq8', 'figs-synecdoche', '', '1', 'whose heart stirred within him', 'Here “heart” refers to the person. The heart that responded to God is spoken of as if it were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate translation: “who responded to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '5', 'tni7', 'figs-quotations', '', '1', 'The craftsmen told Moses…commanded us to do.”', 'The can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “The craftsmen told Moses that the people were bringing much more than enough for doing the work that Yahweh has commanded them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '5', 'pd95', '', '', '1', 'The craftsmen told Moses', '“The men working on the sanctuary told Moses”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '8', 'kw33', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:1](../26/01.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '8', 'l7ub', '', '', '1', 'ten curtains made from fine linen', 'These curtains are sheets of cloth woven and sewed together so that they can hang to form a wall or tent.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '8', 's2hu', 'translate-names', '', '1', 'Bezalel', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '9', 'p2mr', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:2](../26/02.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '10', 'z6sq', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:3](../26/03.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '11', 'yw91', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:4](../26/04.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '11', 'qh6e', '', '', '1', 'He made', 'Here “he” refers to Bezalel, but it includes all the men working on the sanctuary.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '11', 'y7vq', '', '', '1', 'loops of blue', 'loops of blue cloth']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '11', 'i4ba', '', '', '1', 'curtain', 'These were large, heavy sections of woven cloth that were used to form the covering and dividing walls of the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:1](../26/01.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '12', 'k1qq', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:5](../26/05.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '13', 'z2zi', '', '', '1', 'General Information', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:6](../26/06.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '13', 'j75x', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'fifty gold clasps', '“50 gold clasps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '14', 'm2ac', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:7](../26/07.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '14', 'us17', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'made eleven', '“made 11” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '15', 'fa6i', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:8](../26/08.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '15', 'ret8', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'thirty cubits', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46cm. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 13.8m … 184cm (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '16', 'wwj6', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:9](../26/09.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '17', 'qt9b', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:10](../26/10.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '17', 'jm1l', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'fifty loops', '“50 loops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '18', 'mq1j', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:11](../26/11.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '18', 'a7mn', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'fifty bronze clasps', '“50 bronze clasps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '19', 'p3ke', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:14](../26/14.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '20', 't739', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:15](../26/15.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '21', 'prx5', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:16](../26/16.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '21', 'gci3', 'translate-bdistance', '', '1', 'ten cubits…one and a half cubits', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46cm. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 4.6m … 69cm (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '22', 'l8yx', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:17](../26/17.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '22', 'vq4m', '', '', '1', 'two wooden pegs for joining', 'A wooden peg is a small piece of wood sticking out beyond the end of the board so it can be secured.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '23', 'ev65', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:18](../26/18.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '24', 'ln2x', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '24', 'u5ue', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'forty silver bases', '“40 silver bases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '24', 'yx4b', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'twenty frames', '“20 frames” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '25', 'w2wz', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:20](../26/20.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '26', 'gbm9', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:21](../26/21.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '26', 'b9dy', '', '', '1', 'and so on', 'There will be two bases under each and every frame.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '27', 'a7js', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:22](../26/22.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '27', 'm6ue', '', '', '1', 'on the west', 'on the side that is on the west']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '28', 'hw9c', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:23](../26/23.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '28', 'ma1f', '', '', '1', 'for the back corners', 'for the corners at the rear of the tabernacle']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '29', 'u396', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:24](../26/24.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '30', 'mu5n', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:25](../26/25.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '30', 'zls4', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'sixteen bases in all', '“16 bases in all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '30', 'r252', '', '', '1', 'and so on', 'There will be two bases under each and every frame.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '31', 'cf2p', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:26](../26/26.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '32', 'p4wd', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:27](../26/27.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '32', 'tc6s', '', '', '1', 'to the west', 'on the west side']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '33', 'h94y', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:28](../26/28.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '33', 'lk9f', '', '', '1', 'from end to end', 'from one side of the tabernacle to the other side']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '34', 'i17v', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:29](../26/29.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '35', 'pfc5', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:31](../26/31.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '36', 'hg2q', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:32](../26/32.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '37', 'r5ya', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '37', 'vv61', '', '', '1', 'He made', 'Here “he” refers to Bezalel and those working for him. “Bezalel and his men made”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '37', 'neu2', '', '', '1', 'a hanging', 'a curtain']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '36', '38', 'pr67', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:37](../26/37.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', 'intro', 'mt99', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 37 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### The ark of the covenant
The ark, mentioned in previous chapters, is constructed in this chapter. There are other furnishings of the tabernacle that are also produced in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '1', 'byr3', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:10](../25/10.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '1', 'xz1t', 'translate-names', '', '1', 'Bezalel', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '1', 'ps6e', 'translate-bdistance', '', '1', 'two and a half cubits…one cubit and a half', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46cm. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 115cm … 69cm … 69cm (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '2', 'kb3s', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:11](../25/11.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '3', 'pb6v', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:12](../25/12.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '3', 'ut8d', 'figs-metaphor', '', '1', 'its four feet', 'These four pieces of wood that supported the ark are spoken of as if they were human or animal feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '4', 'nr8y', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:13](../25/13.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '4', 'n9kr', '', '', '1', 'He made', 'Though “he” refers to Bezalel, “he” may include all of the workers who assisted him.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '5', 'v9j7', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:14](../25/14.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '6', 'liw8', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '6', 'ba8a', 'translate-bdistance', '', '1', 'two and a half cubits…one and a half cubits', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46cm. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 115cm … 69cm (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '7', 'nhi3', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:18](../25/18.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '8', 'g96y', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:19](../25/19.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '8', 'y13s', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'They were made as one piece', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made them as one piece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '9', 'e6na', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:20](../25/20.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '9', 'r7nm', 'figs-personification', '', '1', 'The cherubim spread out their wings upward and overshadowed', 'Bezalel placed the statues of the cherubim as if they were real cherubim which were spreading their wings and overshadowing the atonement lid. Alternate translation: “They placed the winged creatures so that their wings touched each other and spread out over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '9', 'zsq1', '', '', '1', 'The cherubim faced one another and looked toward', '“The faces of the cherubim were towards each other, and they looked toward”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '10', 'ktf8', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:23](../25/23.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '10', 'fnt3', 'translate-bdistance', '', '1', 'two cubits…one cubit…one and a half cubits', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46cm. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 92cm … 46cm … 69cm (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '11', 'l2kv', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:24](../25/24.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '12', 'i1ba', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:25](../25/25.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '12', 'j4iq', 'translate-bdistance', '', '1', 'handbreadth', 'This was the width of a man’s hand with fingers spread out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '13', 'b56c', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:26](../25/26.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '13', 'k69z', 'figs-metaphor', '', '1', 'the four feet', 'These four pieces of wood that supported the ark are spoken of as if they were human or animal feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '14', 'tc3u', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:27](../25/27.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '14', 'b3ma', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'The rings were attached', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bezalel attached the rings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '15', 'zkr8', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:28](../25/28.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '16', 'h598', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:29](../25/29.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '16', 'ui2r', 'figs-explicit', '', '1', 'dishes, spoons, the bowls, and pitchers to be used to pour out the offerings', 'It is only the bowls and pitchers that are used to pour out the offerings. Alternate translation: “plates and cups, and also the jars and bowls which the priests will use for pouring out the offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '17', 'edx6', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:31](../25/31.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '17', 'wp6l', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '17', 's977', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'Its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers were all made of one piece with it', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made the cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers as one piece with the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '18', 'kuh2', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:32](../25/32.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '19', 'g1y9', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:33](../25/33.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '19', 'j6vz', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'three cups made like almond blossoms', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he made the 3 cups look like almond blossoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '19', 'cbe6', '', '', '1', 'almond blossoms', 'An almond blossom is a white or pink flower with five petals that grows on an almond tree.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '20', 'nl54', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:34](../25/34.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '20', 'bx63', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'there were four cups made like almond blossoms', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there were 4 cups which Bezalel made to look like almond blossoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '21', 'x1u5', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:35](../25/35.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '21', 'v3c2', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'made as one piece with it', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which he made as one piece with the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '22', 'ks9z', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:36](../25/36.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '23', 'b2jq', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:37-38](../25/37.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '23', 'r4y1', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '23', 'njx7', '', '', '1', 'tongs', 'This is a tool made from two sticks of wood or metal connected at one end and used for picking up objects.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '24', 'uz5h', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:39](../25/39.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '24', 'arz1', 'translate-bweight', '', '1', 'one talent', '“33 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '25', 'el8w', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:1-2](../30/01.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '25', 'li9d', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '25', 'c8mg', 'translate-bdistance', '', '1', 'cubit', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46cm. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 46cm … 46cm … 92cm (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '25', 'xq8k', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'Its horns were made as one piece with it', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made the horns as one piece with the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '26', 'ep66', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:3](../30/03.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '27', 'zez2', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:4](../30/04.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '27', 'd2v9', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '27', 'p89d', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'to be attached to it', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which they attached to the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '28', 'hw37', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:5](../30/05.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '29', 'c992', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:25](../30/25.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '29', 'z685', '', '', '1', 'fragrant incense', 'See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:6](../25/06.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '37', '29', 'akg9', '', '', '1', 'the work of a perfumer', 'A perfumer is skilled in mixing spices and oils.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', 'intro', 'hp86', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 38 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### The altar
The altar is constructed in this chapter. There are other furnishings of the tabernacle that are also produced in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
### Materials
The list of materials being used is intended to give the reader an understanding of the scale of the tabernacle. It should fill the reader with awe concerning the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '1', 'r81c', '', '', '1', 'General Information', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:1](../27/01.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '1', 'gk19', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '1', 'g5ex', 'translate-bdistance', '', '1', 'cubits', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46cm. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 2.3m … 2.3m … 138cm (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '2', 'g71x', '', '', '1', 'General Information', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '2', 'se9l', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'The horns were made of one piece', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made the horns as one piece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '3', 'v73t', '', '', '1', 'General Information', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:3](../27/03.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '4', 'rx7v', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md) and [Exodus 27:5](../27/05.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '4', 'nb1q', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '4', 'g5rb', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'to be placed under the ledge', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which they placed under the ledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '5', 'kp6w', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '6', 'l258', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:6](../27/06.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '6', 'ihi9', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '7', 'ys63', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:7-8](../27/07.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '7', 'wa8g', '', '', '1', 'planks', 'a long, flat piece of wood that is thicker than a board']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '8', 'tqi9', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '8', 'e6gd', '', '', '1', 'large bronze basin with a bronze stand', 'The stand supported the bronze basin. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:18](../30/18.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '8', 'mdx9', 'figs-explicit', '', '1', 'He made the basin out of mirrors', 'The bronze came from the mirrors. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “The bronze for the basin came from the mirrors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '8', 'e1wq', '', '', '1', 'mirrors', 'A mirror is a piece of polished metal or glass that reflects an image.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '9', 'clk6', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:9](../27/09.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '9', 'j2nq', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '9', 'i24a', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'one hundred', '“100” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '9', 'su7e', 'translate-bdistance', '', '1', 'cubits', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46cm. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 46m (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '10', 'nz6q', '', '', '1', 'General Information', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:10](../27/10.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '10', 'x9jn', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'twenty', '“20” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '11', 'mp6n', '', '', '1', 'General Information', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:11](../27/11.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '11', 'kl3h', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'one hundred…twenty', '“100…20” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '11', 'xl4c', 'translate-bdistance', '', '1', 'cubits', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46cm. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 46m (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '12', 'g5iz', '', '', '1', 'General Information', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:12](../27/12.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '12', 'vuw5', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'fifty…ten', '“50…10” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '13', 'iju3', '', '', '1', 'General Information', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:13](../27/13.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '13', 'fw1k', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'fifty', '“50” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '13', 'jl57', 'translate-bdistance', '', '1', 'cubits', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46cm. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 23m (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '14', 'n1xj', '', '', '1', 'General Information', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:14](../27/14.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '14', 'b85e', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'fifteen…three', '“15…3” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '15', 'dlq7', '', '', '1', 'General Information', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:15](../27/15.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '16', 's5zf', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'All the hangings around the courtyard were made of fine linen', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bezalel and the workers made all the hangings around the courtyard with fine linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '17', 's5g5', '', '', '1', 'General Information', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:17](../27/17.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '17', 'r7g6', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'The bases for the posts were made of bronze', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bezalel and the workers made the bases for the posts out of bronze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '17', 'va1m', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'The hooks and rods for the posts were made of silver, and the covering for the tops of the posts was also made of silver', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made the hooks, the rods for the posts, and the covering for the tops of the posts out of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '17', 'i3bf', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'All the courtyard posts were covered with silver', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They covered the courtyard posts with silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '18', 'hmi5', '', '', '1', 'General Information', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:16](../27/16.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '18', 'h4ki', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'twenty…five', '“20…5” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '18', 'yf6z', 'translate-bdistance', '', '1', 'cubits', 'You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46cm. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 9.2m … 9.2m … 9.2m … 2.3m (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '18', 'trz5', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'The curtain was made of', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made the curtain out of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '19', 'fjw4', '', '', '1', 'General Information', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:17](../27/17.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '19', 'kqf3', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'four', '“4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '19', 'a2ix', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'The covering for their tops and its rods were made of silver', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made the covering for the tops of the posts and their rods out of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '20', 'ye5c', '', '', '1', 'General Information', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:19](../27/19.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '20', 'p55d', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'All the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard were made of bronze', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made all of the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard out of bronze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '21', 'wqi5', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '21', 'k2ex', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'as it was taken', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which Moses instructed the Levites to write down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '21', 'ex1t', 'translate-names', '', '1', 'Ithamar', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '22', 'd86g', 'translate-names', '', '1', 'Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur', '“Bezalel” and “uri” are the name of men. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '22', 'i4ha', '', '', '1', 'Yahweh had commanded Moses', '“everything that Yahweh told Moses to do”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '23', 'f93b', 'translate-names', '', '1', 'Oholiab son of Ahisamak', '“Oholiab” and “Ahisamak” are names of men. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '23', 'wvw4', '', '', '1', 'an engraver, as a skillful workman, and as an embroiderer', '“as a skilled engraver and embroiderer”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '24', 'tl4k', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'All the gold that was used for the project', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “All the gold that the people used for the project” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '24', 'y7hy', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'twenty-nine talents', 'A talent is about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “29 talents” or “about 960 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '24', 'tg3f', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', '730 shekels', 'A shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “seven hundred and thirty shekels” or “about 8 kilograms.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '24', 'f6sq', 'translate-bweight', '', '1', 'measured by the standard of the sanctuary shekel', 'There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:13](../30/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '25', 'ni5b', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'one hundred talents', 'A talent is about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “100 talents” or “about 330 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '25', 'gn9f', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', '1,775 shekels', 'A shekel is 11 grams. “one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels” or “about 20 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '25', 'egg4', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'The silver given by the community', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The silver which the community gave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '26', 't2gi', 'translate-bweight', '', '1', 'one beka', 'A beka is 1/2 a shekel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '26', 'fyy5', 'translate-bweight', '', '1', 'half a shekel', 'A shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “1/2 a shekel” or “five and a half grams” or “5 1/2 grams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '26', 'll8b', '', '', '1', 'This figure was reached on the basis of every person who was counted in the census', 'Every man who was 20 years old or older was included in the census and was required to give half a shekel.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '26', 'c69c', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'twenty years old', '“20 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '27', 'p7r5', 'translate-bweight', '', '1', 'One hundred talents of silver were cast', 'A talent is about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “The workers cast 100 talents of silver” or “The workers cast 3,300 kilograms of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '27', 'n8z7', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'One hundred talents', '“100 talents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '28', 'k2fi', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', '1,775 shekels', '“one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '28', 'ii3y', 'translate-bmoney', '', '1', 'shekels', 'A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '28', 'nxf5', 'translate-names', '', '1', 'Bezalel', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '29', 'p3mr', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'seventy talents and 2,400 shekels', '“70 talents and two thousand four hundred shekels.” This would be about 2,300 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '30', 'zfk8', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '30', 'rck7', '', '', '1', 'grate', 'This is a frame of crossed bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '38', '31', 'bvr9', '', '', '1', 'tent pegs', 'These are sharp bronze stakes that were used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:19](../27/19.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', 'intro', 'mll6', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 39 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter
### The holy clothing
The special, holy clothing mentioned in previous chapters is produced in this chapter to the correct specifications. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '1', 's66r', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'Bezalel’s work crew shifts to making the priestly garments.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '1', 'ys6l', '', '', '1', 'they made', 'The word “they” refers to Bezalel, Oholiab, and the other workmen.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '1', 'h8kg', '', '', '1', 'as Yahweh had commanded Moses', '“just as Yahweh told Moses to do”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '2', 'b9mg', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:6](../28/06.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '2', 'ain4', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '2', 'p5xy', 'translate-names', '', '1', 'Bezalel', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '4', 'c7lu', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:7](../28/07.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '4', 'pq62', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '5', 'g75w', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '5', 'wf2i', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'it was made of one piece with the ephod, made of fine twined linen', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they made it as one piece with the ephod with fine twisted linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '5', 'cc56', '', '', '1', 'as Yahweh had commanded Moses', '“just as Yahweh told Moses to do.” See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 39:1](../39/01.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '6', 'k7vw', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:9](../28/09.md) and [Exodus 28:11](../28/11.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '6', 'h1bz', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '6', 'naa8', '', '', '1', 'signet', 'This was an engraved stone that was used to stamp a design in a wax seal. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:11](../28/11.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '6', 'ajh3', 'translate-numbers', '', '1', 'twelve sons', '“12 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '7', 'ize6', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:12](../28/12.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '7', 'd24m', '', '', '1', 'as Yahweh had commanded Moses', '“just as Yahweh told Moses to do.” See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 39:1](../39/01.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '8', 'mlf6', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:15](../28/15.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '8', 'gj9p', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '8', 'k7b6', '', '', '1', 'He made', '“Bezalel made” or “Bezalel and the workers made”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '9', 'lkt1', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:16](../28/16.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '9', 'f4ms', 'translate-bdistance', '', '1', 'span', 'A span is 23 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '10', 'xzb8', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '10', 'm54c', '', '', '1', 'They set in it', '“The workers set in the breastpiece”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '10', 'cmv1', 'translate-unknown', '', '1', 'ruby, a topaz, and a garnet', 'Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:17](../28/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '11', 'qx96', 'translate-unknown', '', '1', 'an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond', 'Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:18](../28/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '12', 'kk8t', 'translate-unknown', '', '1', 'a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst', 'Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:19](../28/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '13', 'l9wa', 'translate-unknown', '', '1', 'a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper', 'Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:20](../28/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '13', 'h3bw', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'The stones were mounted in gold settings', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They mounted the stones in gold settings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '14', 'z5va', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:21](../28/21.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '14', 'a9bw', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '14', 'yby8', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'The stones were arranged', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The workers arranged the stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '15', 'byz8', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:22](../28/22.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '16', 'b8m6', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:23-24](../28/23.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '17', 'w2s4', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:24](../28/24.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '17', 'v4i5', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '17', 'lc2x', '', '', '1', 'two braided chains', '“chains that are made of pure gold and are braided like cords.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:14](../28/14.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '18', 'bw76', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:25](../28/25.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '19', 'nd41', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:26](../28/26.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '19', 'del5', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '20', 'w8wz', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:27](../28/27.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '20', 'l1dz', '', '', '1', 'finely-woven waistband', 'This was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '21', 'zu91', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:28](../28/28.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '21', 'uq61', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '21', 'h1yb', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'so that it might be attached', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so they could attach it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '21', 'scn8', 'figs-doublenegatives', '', '1', 'the breastpiece might not become unattached from the ephod', 'The double negative can be translated as a positive. Alternate translation: “the breastpiece would stay attached to the ephod” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '22', 'vdw1', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:31-32](../28/31.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '22', 'n25q', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '22', 'p8nv', 'translate-names', '', '1', 'Bezalel', 'This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '23', 'cyc1', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:32](../28/32.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '24', 'eak6', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:33](../28/33.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '25', 'sx9b', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:34-35](../28/34.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '25', 'f8t3', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments as commanded in [Exodus 28:34-35](../28/34.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '25', 'x1ww', '', '', '1', 'bells of pure gold', 'These were tiny bells.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '26', 'gtg5', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:34-35](../28/34.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '27', 'pz63', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:39](../28/39.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '27', 'rp6p', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '28', 'um4e', '', '', '1', 'turban', 'This is a head covering worn by men made of a long strip of cloth wound around the head. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '28', 'jex8', '', '', '1', 'headbands', 'A headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:40](../28/40.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '28', 'c4pr', 'figs-explicit', '', '1', 'undergarments', 'This is clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:42](../28/42.md). Alternate translation: “underwear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '29', 'hn5g', '', '', '1', 'sash', 'This is a long piece of cloth worn over the shoulder or around the waist. See how you translated this word in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md)']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '30', 'kq33', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:36](../28/36.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '30', 'm6jj', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments..']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '30', 'd85k', '', '', '1', 'holy crown', 'This was an engraved crown made of pure gold. See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:6](../29/06.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '31', 'fml2', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:37](../28/37.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '32', 'jh64', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'The Israelites finish making the things Yahweh commanded in [Exodus 35:4-9](../35/04.md) and [Exodus 35:10-12](../35/10.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '32', 'z1z7', 'figs-doublet', '', '1', 'So the work on the tabernacle, the tent of meeting, was finished. The people of Israel did everything', 'The “tabernacle” and “tent of meeting” are the same thing. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the people of Israel finished all of the work on the tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '33', 'y9ym', '', '', '1', 'clasps', 'The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:6](../26/06.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '33', 'b3q3', '', '', '1', 'bases', 'These are heavy objects that rest on the ground and keep the object attached to them from moving. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:31](../25/31.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '34', 'z6r6', '', '', '1', 'the covering of ram skins dyed red, the covering of fine leather', 'See how you translated similar phrases in this in [Exodus 25:5](../25/05.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '35', 'i7d9', '', '', '1', 'atonement lid', 'This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '36', 'lvq3', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to present all that they made to Moses.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '36', 'knn8', '', '', '1', 'bread of the presence', 'This bread represented the presence of God. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:30](../25/30.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '39', 'e755', '', '', '1', 'grate', 'This is a frame of crossed bars that held wood while burning. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '40', 'i8lm', '', '', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Bezalel’s work crew continues to present all that they made to Moses.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '40', 'm3x9', '', '', '1', 'They brought', '“The people of Israel brought”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '40', 'ajt4', '', '', '1', 'the tabernacle, the tent of meeting', 'These refer to the same place.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '42', 'ct6k', '', '', '1', 'Thus the people', '“And so the people”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '43', 't26m', '', '', '1', 'behold', 'The word “behold” here draws attention to the information that follows.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '39', '43', 'z79s', '', '', '1', 'As Yahweh had commanded, in that way they did it', '“They did it in the way that Yahweh had commanded them”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', 'intro', 'fa6e', '', '', '0', '', '# Exodus 40 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is repetitive and should read as a series of instructions. It is repeated as well to show that Moses was obedient to every detail of Yahweh’s command.
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### “Yahweh’s glory filled the tabernacle”
This phrase indicates that Yahweh began to dwell within the tabernacle, among Israel, in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '2', 'crr5', 'translate-hebrewmonths', '', '1', 'the first day of the first month of the new year', 'The new year marks the time when God rescued his people from Egypt. This happens around the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '3', 'iv52', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '3', 'l7fp', '', '', '1', 'place the ark of the testimony in it', '“place the ark of the covenant decrees in the sacred chest”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '3', 'psu3', '', '', '1', 'shield the ark with the curtain', '“put the ark behind the curtain”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '5', 'n4wx', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '5', 'a4xe', '', '', '1', 'ark of the testimony', 'This refers to the “sacred chest.”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '8', 'zfl6', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '9', 'ce7i', '', '', '1', 'all its furnishings', '“all the things that are a part of it”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '12', 'yiq8', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '12', 'j7ea', '', '', '1', 'You are to bring', 'Moses will do these things himself.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '13', 'bs4j', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'that are set apart to me', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that you have set apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '14', 'w7yw', '', '', '1', 'General Information:', 'Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '15', 'js17', '', '', '1', 'throughout their people’s generations', '“through all the generations of their descendants.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '17', 'r6pc', 'figs-activepassive', '', '1', 'So the tabernacle was set up', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the people set up the tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '17', 'gzu5', 'translate-hebrewmonths', '', '1', 'the first day of the first month', 'This refers to exactly one year after God rescued his people from Egypt. This happens around the middle of March on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Exodus 40:2](../40/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '17', 'wnh8', 'translate-ordinal', '', '1', 'in the second year', 'This is the second year after Yahweh brought his people out of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '18', 'kk4n', 'figs-explicit', '', '1', 'Moses set up', 'Moses was the leader. The people helped him set up the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '18', 'c6rm', '', '', '1', 'posts', 'a strong piece of wood set upright and used as a support']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '21', 'l31p', '', '', '1', 'He brought', 'Moses was the leader. He had workers helping him.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '21', 'n8r9', '', '', '1', 'for it to shield', '“in front of”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '24', 'sw1w', 'figs-explicit', '', '1', 'He put the lampstand into the tent of meeting', 'Moses instructed his workers to move the lampstand. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “Moses’ workmen set the lampstand inside the sacred tent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '26', 'i5gg', 'figs-explicit', '', '1', 'in front of the curtain', 'This curtain separated the holy place from the very holy place. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “in front of the curtain that separated the holy place from the very holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '31', 'bf9c', 'figs-explicit', '', '1', 'washed their hands and their feet from the basin', 'They washed with water from the basin. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “washed their hands and their feet with water from the basin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '33', 'y62k', '', 'וַ\u2060יְצַ֣ו', '1', 'In this way', '“And so”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '34', 'ysd8', '', 'כָּל־הַ\u2060בֵּ֣ן הַ\u2060יִּלּ֗וֹד הַ\u2060יְאֹ֨רָ\u2060ה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔\u2060הוּ', '1', 'Yahweh’s glory filled', '“Yahweh’s awesome presence filled”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '36', 'ak35', 'figs-activepassive', 'לֵ\u2060אמֹ֑ר כָּל־הַ\u2060בֵּ֣ן הַ\u2060יִּלּ֗וֹד הַ\u2060יְאֹ֨רָ\u2060ה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔\u2060הוּ וְ\u2060כָל־הַ\u2060בַּ֖ת תְּחַיּֽוּ\u2060ן', '1', 'was taken up from over', '- **saying, “You shall throw every new-born son into the river, but every daughter you shall let live.”** - A single level direct quote. While this particular instruction is very easy to rephrase as an indirect quote (in English), the use of **saying** in Hebrew suggests that this should be translated as a direct quotation if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['EXO', '40', '37', 's8y2', 'figs-activepassive', 'תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔\u2060הוּ תְּחַיּֽוּ\u2060ן', '1', 'that it was lifted up', '- **you shall** - These are plural referring to all Pharaoh’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']