Jonah
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', 'front', 'intro', 'hk4p', '', '', '0', '', '# Introduction to Jonah
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of the Book of Jonah
1. Jonah tries to run away from Yahweh. (1:1-2:10)
* Jonah disobeys Yahweh’s first call to go to Nineveh. (1:1–3)
* Jonah and the Gentile sailors. (1:4–16)
* Yahweh provides a large fish to swallow Jonah, and he prays and is rescued. (1:17–2:10)
2. Jonah in Nineveh (3:1-4:11)
* Yahweh again calls Jonah to go to Nineveh, and Jonah proclaims Yahweh’s message. (3:1–4)
* Nineveh repents. (3:5-9)
* Yahweh decides not to destroy Nineveh. (3:10)
* Jonah is very angry with Yahweh. (4:1–3)
* Yahweh teaches Jonah about grace and mercy. (4:4–11)
### What is the Book of Jonah about?
Jonah, son of Amittai, was a prophet from Gath Hepher (2 Kings 14:25). This book tells about what happened to Jonah. It tells how Yahweh shows mercy and grace to Gentiles. It also tells how the Ninevites repented and called out to Yahweh for mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
Yahweh sent Jonah to warn the people of Nineveh that he was ready to punish them. Yahweh said that if they would repent he would not harm them. However, Jonah was an Israelite and he did not want the Ninevites to repent. So Jonah tried to sail away in the opposite direction instead of doing what Yahweh told him to do. But Yahweh stopped him by sending a storm and a large fish to swallow him.
Jonah repented and warned the Ninevites. As a result, Yahweh taught him that he is concerned about all people, not just the Israelites.
### How should the title of this book be translated?
This book is traditionally titled “The Book of Jonah” or just “Jonah.” Translators may decide to use a clearer title such as “The Book about Jonah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
### Who wrote the Book of Jonah?
Jonah was probably involved in the writing of this book. However, scholars do not know who actually wrote it.
Jonah lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. He prophesied sometime between 800 and 750 B.C., during the reign of King Jeroboam II.
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### What was the nation of Assyria?
During the time of Jonah, Assyria was the most powerful kingdom in the ancient Near East. Nineveh was the capital city of Assyria.
Assyria was cruel to its enemies. Eventually, Yahweh punished the Assyrians for the wicked things they did.
### Did Assyria convert to Judaism?
Some scholars think that the Assyrians started worshiping Yahweh alone. However, most scholars think they continued to worship other false gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', 'intro', 'xvp2', '', '', '0', '', '# Jonah 1 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The narrative of this chapter starts abruptly. This could cause difficulty for the translator. The translator should not attempt to smooth this introduction unless absolutely necessary.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Miracle
In verse [Jonah 17](./17.md), there is the mention of “a great fish.” It may be difficult to imagine a sea creature big enough to swallow a man whole; he then survives for three days and nights inside. Translators should not try to explain miraculous events in an attempt to make it easier to understand. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Situational irony
There is an ironic situation in this chapter. This means that people do or say things that are the opposite of what one would expect them to do. Jonah is a prophet of God and should endeavor to do God’s will. Instead, he runs away from God. Although the Gentile sailors are not Israelites, they act out of faith and fear of Yahweh when sending Jonah to an almost certain death by throwing him overboard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
### Sea
People in the ancient Near East also saw the sea as chaotic and did not trust it. Some of the gods they worshiped were gods of the sea. Jonah’s people, the Hebrews, feared the sea greatly. However, Jonah’s fear of Yahweh was not enough to keep him from sailing on a ship to get away from Yahweh. His actions are contrasted to the actions of the Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Implicit information
Even though no one knows for sure where Tarshish was, the writer assumes that the reader knows that Jonah had to face away from Nineveh to go there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '1', 'jdr1', 'writing-newevent', 'וַֽ\u2060יְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה', '1', 'Now the word of Yahweh came', 'This phrase introduces the first half of the story of Jonah. The same phrase introduces the second half of the story (3:1). This is a common way of beginning a historical story about a prophet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '1', 'll6c', 'figs-idiom', 'וַֽ\u2060יְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה', '1', 'Now the word of Yahweh came', 'This is an idiom meaning that Yahweh spoke or communicated his message in some way. Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '1', 'qa3z', '', 'דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה', '1', 'the word of Yahweh', '“the message of Yahweh”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '1', 's6av', '', 'יְהוָ֔ה', '1', 'Yahweh', 'This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '1', 'jv8c', 'translate-names', 'אֲמִתַּ֖י', '1', 'Amittai', 'This is the name of Jonah’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '2', 'x5ua', '', 'ק֠וּם לֵ֧ךְ אֶל־נִֽינְוֵ֛ה הָ\u2060עִ֥יר הַ\u2060גְּדוֹלָ֖ה', '1', 'Get up, go to Nineveh, the great city', '“go to the large and important city of Nineveh”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '2', 'v2xt', 'figs-idiom', 'ק֠וּם', '1', 'Get up', 'This is an idiom that means that Jonah should take action and go. It does not mean that he was sitting or lying down at the time that God spoke to him. Many languages would use only one verb, such as “go.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '2', 'jqz9', 'figs-metonymy', 'וּ\u2060קְרָ֣א עָלֶ֑י\u2060הָ', '1', 'call out against it', 'The word **it** here, meaning the city of Nineveh, is a metonym referring to the people living in and around the city. Alternate translation: “warn the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '2', 'rki2', '', 'עָלְתָ֥ה רָעָתָ֖\u2060ם לְ\u2060פָנָֽ\u2060י', '1', 'their wickedness has risen up before my face', '“I know they have been continually sinning” or “I know that their sin has been getting worse and worse”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '2', 'jd9r', 'figs-metonymy', 'לְ\u2060פָנָֽ', '1', 'before my face', 'This is an expression that refers to the face of Yahweh to represent his presence. The idea of Yahweh’s presence also includes his knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. Yahweh is saying that he can has noticed how wicked the people of Nineveh have become. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '3', 'f5sr', 'figs-idiom', 'וַ\u2060יָּ֤קָם יוֹנָה֙ לִ\u2060בְרֹ֣חַ', '1', 'But Jonah got up to run away', 'Here the words **got up** mean that Jonah took action in response to God’s command, but his action was to disobey instead of to obey. See how you translated this idiom in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “but Jonah ran away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '3', 'n96t', 'figs-metaphor', 'מִ\u2060לִּ\u2060פְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה', '-1', 'from before the face of Yahweh', 'This is an expression that refers to the face of Yahweh to represent his presence. The idea of Yahweh’s presence also includes his knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. By running away, Jonah is hoping that Yahweh will not notice that he is disobeying. Alternate translation: “from the presence of Yahweh” or “from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '3', 'g66v', 'figs-explicit', 'לִ\u2060בְרֹ֣חַ תַּרְשִׁ֔ישָׁ\u2060ה', '1', 'to run away to Tarshish', '“to flee to Tarshish” This city named Tarshish was in the opposite direction to Nineveh. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and went in the opposite direction, toward Tarshish, away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '3', 'djv1', '', 'וַ\u2060יֵּ֨רֶד יָפ֜וֹ', '1', 'And he went down to Joppa', '“Jonah went to Joppa”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '3', 'w3uc', '', 'אָנִיָּ֣ה', '1', 'ship', 'A **ship** is a very large type of boat that can travel on the sea and carry many passengers or heavy cargo.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '3', 'pz67', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּתֵּ֨ן שְׂכָרָ֜\u2060הּ', '1', 'So he paid the fare', '“there Jonah paid for the trip”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '3', 'g5xp', '', 'וַ\u2060יֵּ֤רֶד בָּ\u2060הּ֙', '1', 'and went down into it', '“got on the ship”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '3', 'i6bi', '', 'עִמָּ\u2060הֶם֙', '1', 'with them', 'The word **them** refers to the others who were going on the ship.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '3', 'sw66', 'figs-metaphor', 'מִ\u2060לִּ\u2060פְנֵ֖י יְהוָֽה', '1', 'from before the face of Yahweh', 'This is an expression that refers to the face of Yahweh to represent his presence. The idea of Yahweh’s presence also includes his knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. By running away, Jonah is hoping that Yahweh will not notice that he is disobeying. Alternate translation: “from the presence of Yahweh” or “from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '4', 'jdr2', 'writing-newevent', 'וַֽ\u2060יהוָ֗ה הֵטִ֤יל רֽוּחַ־גְּדוֹלָה֙ אֶל־הַ\u2060יָּ֔ם', '1', 'But Yahweh sent out a great wind on the sea', 'This clause introduces the new event of Yahweh’s response to Jonah running away. Translate this so that your readers know that this event brings a change in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '4', 'jdra', 'figs-personification', 'וְ\u2060הָ֣\u2060אֳנִיָּ֔ה חִשְּׁבָ֖ה לְ\u2060הִשָּׁבֵֽר', '1', 'so that the ship was thinking to be broken apart', 'Here the term **thinking** describes the ship as if it were a person. This means that the storm was so severe that the ship was close to breaking apart. Alternate translation: “so that the ship was almost breaking apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '4', 'jl77', 'figs-activepassive', 'לְ\u2060הִשָּׁבֵֽר', '1', 'to be broken', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to break apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '5', 'd13r', '', 'הַ\u2060מַּלָּחִ֗ים', '1', 'the sailors', '“the men who worked on the ship”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '5', 'u2bj', '', 'אֱלֹהָי\u2060ו֒', '1', 'his own god', 'Here, **god** refers to false gods and idols that people worship.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '5', 'sh1b', '', 'וַ\u2060יָּטִ֨לוּ אֶת־הַ\u2060כֵּלִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּֽ\u2060אֳנִיָּה֙', '1', 'And they threw the things that were in the ship', '“the men threw the heavy things off the ship” By doing this, they hoped to keep the ship from sinking.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '5', 'tg27', '', 'לְ\u2060הָקֵ֖ל מֵֽ\u2060עֲלֵי\u2060הֶ֑ם', '1', 'to lighten it from upon them', 'This could mean: (1) to make the ship lighter so that it would float better, Alternate translation: “to help the ship float better” or (2) to lighten or relieve a dangerous situation, Alternate translation: “to lessen the danger they were in”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '5', 'uzt4', 'writing-background', 'וְ\u2060יוֹנָ֗ה יָרַד֙ אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַ\u2060סְּפִינָ֔ה', '1', 'But Jonah had gone down into the innermost parts of the ship', 'This is background information. Translate this in a way that it is clear that Jonah had already done this before the storm started. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '5', 'f63r', '', 'יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַ\u2060סְּפִינָ֔ה', '1', 'the innermost parts of the ship', '“inside the ship”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '5', 'g4y4', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּשְׁכַּ֖ב וַ\u2060יֵּרָדַֽם', '1', 'and had lain down, and was deeply asleep', '“and was lying there fast asleep” or “and was lying there and sleeping deeply” For this reason, the storm did not wake him up.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '6', 'laa3', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּקְרַ֤ב אֵלָי\u2060ו֙ רַ֣ב הַ\u2060חֹבֵ֔ל וַ\u2060יֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖\u2060וֹ', '1', 'So the captain of the crew came to him and said to him', '“the man in charge of the men working on the ship went to Jonah and said”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '6', 'yx7e', 'figs-rquestion', 'מַה־לְּ\u2060ךָ֣ נִרְדָּ֑ם', '1', 'What are you doing sleeping?', '**Why are you sleeping?** Here the captain uses a rhetorical question to scold Jonah. Alternate translation: “stop sleeping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '6', 'bd4f', 'figs-idiom', 'ק֚וּם', '1', 'Get up!', 'This is a command to begin some activity that is named following this word. See how you translated this idiom in [1:2](../01/02.md) and [1:3](../01/03.md). In this verse, the Captain is telling Jonah to pray to his god. Because Jonah was lying down, the captain may also be telling Jonah literally to stand up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '6', 'k7a5', 'figs-idiom', 'קְרָ֣א אֶל־אֱלֹהֶ֔י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'Cry out to your god!', '“pray to your god” To **cry out to** someone means to loudly ask him for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '6', 'sk7i', 'figs-explicit', 'אוּלַ֞י יִתְעַשֵּׁ֧ת הָ\u2060אֱלֹהִ֛ים לָ֖\u2060נוּ וְ\u2060לֹ֥א נֹאבֵֽד', '1', 'Maybe that god will notice us and we will not perish', 'The implicit information that Jonah’s god might save them could be made explicit. Alternate translation: “maybe your god will hear and save us so that we will not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '6', 'zi04', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֥א נֹאבֵֽד', '1', 'and we will not perish', 'This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “and he will save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '7', 'sc57', '', 'וַ\u2060יֹּאמְר֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֗\u2060הוּ', '1', 'Then every man said to his friend', 'The phrase **each man … to his friend** is an idiom expressing reciprocal action. This means that all the men in the group were saying this to each other. Alternate translation: “the sailors all said to each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '7', 'l5xq', '', 'לְכוּ֙ וְ\u2060נַפִּ֣ילָה גֽוֹרָל֔וֹת וְ\u2060נֵ֣דְעָ֔ה בְּ\u2060שֶׁ\u2060לְּ\u2060מִ֛י הָ\u2060רָעָ֥ה הַ\u2060זֹּ֖את לָ֑\u2060נוּ', '1', 'Come, and let us cast lots, so that we may know on whose account this evil is happening to us', '“we should cast lots to know who has caused this trouble” The men believed that the gods would control how the lots fell in order to tell them what they wanted to know. This was a form of divination.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '7', 'd726', '', 'הָ\u2060רָעָ֥ה הַ\u2060זֹּ֖את', '1', 'this evil', 'This refers to the terrible storm.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '7', 'at67', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּפֹּ֥ל הַ\u2060גּוֹרָ֖ל עַל־יוֹנָֽה', '1', 'the lot fell on Jonah', 'The expression **the lot fell on Jonah** is an idiom meaning that, when the men cast lots, the result indicated Jonah. This does not mean that the lot literally fell down on top of Jonah. Alternate translation: “the lot showed that Jonah was the guilty person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '8', 'wkh6', '', 'וַ\u2060יֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֔י\u2060ו', '1', 'Then they said to him', '“then the men who were working on the ship said to Jonah”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '8', 'e7wb', '', 'הַגִּידָ\u2060ה־נָּ֣א לָ֔\u2060נוּ בַּ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֛ר לְ\u2060מִי־הָ\u2060רָעָ֥ה הַ\u2060זֹּ֖את לָ֑\u2060נוּ', '1', 'Please tell us on whose account this evil is happening to us', '“who caused this bad thing that is happening to us”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '9', 'wav5', '', 'יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י הַ\u2060שָּׁמַ֨יִם֙ אֲנִ֣י יָרֵ֔א', '1', 'I fear Yahweh, the God of heaven', 'Here the word **fear** means that Jonah worshiped Yahweh and not any other god.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '10', 'zi05', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּֽירְא֤וּ הָֽ\u2060אֲנָשִׁים֙ יִרְאָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה', '1', 'Then the men were afraid with great fear', '“then the men were very afraid”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '10', 'peg3', 'figs-rquestion', 'מַה־זֹּ֣את עָשִׂ֑יתָ', '1', 'What is this that you have done?', 'The men on the ship use a rhetorical question to show how afraid and angry they were at Jonah for causing so much trouble for all of them. Alternate translation: “you have done a terrible thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '10', 'us1r', 'figs-metaphor', 'מִ\u2060לִּ\u2060פְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙', '1', 'from before the face of Yahweh', 'This is an expression that refers to the face of Yahweh to represent his presence. The idea of Yahweh’s presence also includes his knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. By running away, Jonah is hoping that Yahweh will not notice that he is disobeying. Alternate translation: “from the presence of Yahweh” or “from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '10', 'jdrb', 'grammar-connect-time-background', 'כִּ֥י הִגִּ֖יד לָ\u2060הֶֽם', '1', 'because he had told them', 'Before the sailors cast lots, Jonah had already told them that he was running away from Yahweh, the God he worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '10', 'hw1p', 'figs-explicit', 'כִּ֥י הִגִּ֖יד לָ\u2060הֶֽם', '1', 'because he had told them', 'What he told them can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “because he had said to them, ‘I am trying to get away from Yahweh’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '11', 'kb4c', '', 'וַ\u2060יֹּאמְר֤וּ אֵלָי\u2060ו֙', '1', 'Then they said to him', '“Then the men on the ship said to Jonah” or “Then the sailors said to Jonah”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '11', 'ik6d', '', 'מַה־נַּ֣עֲשֶׂה לָּ֔\u2060ךְ וְ\u2060יִשְׁתֹּ֥ק הַ\u2060יָּ֖ם מֵֽ\u2060עָלֵ֑י\u2060נוּ', '1', 'What should we do to you so that the sea will calm down from upon us?', '“What should we do with you in order to make the sea become calm?”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '11', 'wxr7', 'figs-idiom', 'הַ\u2060יָּ֖ם הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וְ\u2060סֹעֵֽר', '1', 'the sea was going forward and storming', 'This is an idiom that means that the sea was becoming increasingly stormy. Alternate translation: “the strength of the storm was increasing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '11', 'dji8', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'הַ\u2060יָּ֖ם הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וְ\u2060סֹעֵֽר', '1', 'the sea was going forward and storming', 'This was the reason that the men asked Jonah what they should do. If it is more clear in your language to put the reason first, this can be stated at the beginning of verse 11, connecting to the result with a word like “so” or “therefore.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '12', 'h982', '', 'כִּ֚י יוֹדֵ֣עַ אָ֔נִי כִּ֣י בְ\u2060שֶׁ\u2060לִּ֔\u2060י הַ\u2060סַּ֧עַר הַ\u2060גָּד֛וֹל הַ\u2060זֶּ֖ה עֲלֵי\u2060כֶֽם', '1', 'for I know that this great storm is upon you because of me', '“because I know that this huge storm is my fault”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '13', 'lcd3', 'figs-explicit', 'וַ\u2060יַּחְתְּר֣וּ הָ\u2060אֲנָשִׁ֗ים לְ\u2060הָשִׁ֛יב אֶל־הַ\u2060יַּבָּשָׁ֖ה', '1', 'But the men rowed hard to return themselves to land', 'The men did not want to throw Jonah into the sea, so they did not do as Jonah suggested. This information can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '13', 'm3iq', '', 'הַ\u2060יָּ֔ם הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וְ\u2060סֹעֵ֖ר', '1', 'the sea was going forward and storming', '“the storm became worse, and the waves became bigger” See how you translated this idiom in [verse 11](../01/11.md).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '14', 'ap77', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּקְרְא֨וּ', '1', 'So they cried out', '“because of that they called out” or “because the sea became more violent they called loudly”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '14', 'q2xq', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּקְרְא֨וּ אֶל־יְהוָ֜ה', '1', 'So they cried out to Yahweh', '“therefore the men prayed loudly to Yahweh”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '14', 'jdr3', 'figs-exclamations', 'אָנָּ֤ה', '1', 'Ah!', 'In this context, the word **Ah!** shows intense desperation. Represent this emotion in the most natural way for your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '14', 'wz6z', '', 'אָנָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אַל־נָ֣א נֹאבְדָ֗ה בְּ\u2060נֶ֨פֶשׁ֙ הָ\u2060אִ֣ישׁ הַ\u2060זֶּ֔ה', '1', 'O Yahweh, please do not let us perish on account of the life of this man', '“O Yahweh, please do not kill us because we caused this man to die” or “O Yahweh, even though we are going to cause this man to die, please do not kill us”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '14', 'vv5t', 'figs-idiom', 'וְ\u2060אַל־תִּתֵּ֥ן עָלֵ֖י\u2060נוּ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֑יא', '1', 'and do not put innocent blood upon us', 'This is an idiom that means “do not consider us guilty of killing an innocent person.” Alternate translation: “and please do not blame us for his death” or “and do not hold us accountable for having killed someone who did not deserve to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '14', 'ab73', '', 'אַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה כַּ\u2060אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָפַ֖צְתָּ עָשִֽׂיתָ', '1', 'you, Yahweh, have done just as you desired', '“you, Yahweh, have chosen to do things in this way” or “you, Yahweh, have caused all this to happen”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '15', 'l9cf', '', 'וַ\u2060יַּעֲמֹ֥ד הַ\u2060יָּ֖ם מִ\u2060זַּעְפּֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'the sea ceased from its raging', '“the sea stopped moving violently:']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '15', 'ab89', '', 'וַ\u2060יַּעֲמֹ֥ד הַ\u2060יָּ֖ם מִ\u2060זַּעְפּֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'the sea ceased from its raging', 'This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “the sea became calm”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '16', 'r3gs', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּֽירְא֧וּ הָ\u2060אֲנָשִׁ֛ים יִרְאָ֥ה גְדוֹלָ֖ה אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה', '1', 'Then the men feared Yahweh with great fear', '“then the men became greatly awed at Yahweh’s power” or “then the men worshiped Yahweh with great awe”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '17', 'q87y', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Some versions number this verse as the first verse of chapter 2. You may want to number the verses according to the main version that your language group uses.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '17', 'jdr4', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יְמַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ דָּ֣ג גָּד֔וֹל לִ\u2060בְלֹ֖עַ אֶת־יוֹנָ֑ה', '1', 'Now Yahweh appointed a great fish to swallow Jonah,', 'This clause introduces the next part of the story, where Yahweh saves Jonah from the sea, and Jonah prays. In this context, the word **Now** is used in English to introduce a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '1', '17', 'cjb6', 'figs-idiom', 'שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה יָמִ֖ים וּ\u2060שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה לֵילֽוֹת', '1', 'three days and three nights', 'Perhaps this expression is an idiom in Hebrew meaning “a couple of days” or “a few days” or something similar, but this is uncertain. Alternate translation: “three days and nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', 'intro', 'ae4k', '', '', '0', '', '# Jonah 2 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter begins with a prayer by Jonah, and many translators have chosen to set it apart by setting its lines farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Translators can follow this practice, but they are not obligated to.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Sea
This chapter contains many terms from the sea.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Poetry
Prayers in Scripture often contain a poetic form. Poetry frequently uses metaphors to communicate something with a special meaning. For example, since Jonah was in a fish in the sea, being so trapped is compared to a prison. Jonah is overwhelmed by the depth of the sea and expresses this by speaking about being at the “base of the mountains” and in the “belly of Sheol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Repentance
Scholars are divided over whether Jonah’s repentance was genuine or whether he was trying to save his life. In light of his attitude in chapter 4, it is uncertain whether he was genuinely repentant. If possible, it is best for translators to avoid taking a definitive stance on whether Jonah’s repentance was genuine. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '1', 'alr2', '', 'יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהָ֑י\u2060ו', '1', 'Yahweh his God', 'This means “Yahweh, the God he worshiped.” The word **his** does not mean that Jonah owned God.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '2', 'al5b', '', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֗אמֶר', '1', 'And he said', '“Jonah said”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '2', 'jdrc', 'writing-poetry', 'קָ֠רָאתִי מִ\u2060צָּ֥רָה לִ֛\u2060י אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַֽ\u2060יַּעֲנֵ֑\u2060נִי', '1', 'I cried out to Yahweh from my distress, and he answered me', 'This line begins a poem describing Jonah’s experience and prayer in the belly of the fish. The poem does not give the exact words that Jonah prayed at the time because the poem was written later, describing Jonah’s experience in the fish, his prayer, and God’s answer as if they had already happened in the past. This first line of the poem can be understood in one of two ways: either as being addressed to Yahweh as part of the description of the prayer, or as being addressed to another person as an introduction to the description of the prayer. See also the Note concerning the phrase “Salvation belongs to Yahweh!” in [2:9](../02/09/jdrh). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '2', 's7fi', '', 'קָ֠רָאתִי מִ\u2060צָּ֥רָה לִ֛\u2060י אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה', '1', 'I cried out to Yahweh from my distress', '“I prayed to Yahweh during my great trouble” or “Yahweh, I cried out to you during my distress”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '2', 'wdr4', '', 'וַֽ\u2060יַּעֲנֵ֑\u2060נִי', '1', 'he answered me', '“Yahweh responded to me or he helped me or you answered me”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '2', 'w8wn', 'figs-metaphor', 'מִ\u2060בֶּ֧טֶן שְׁא֛וֹל', '1', 'from the belly of Sheol', '“from the center of Sheol” or “from the deep part of Sheol” Possible meanings include: (1) Jonah was speaking of being in the belly of the fish as being in Sheol; or (2) Jonah believed that he was about to die and go to Sheol; or (3) He was speaking as if he already had died and gone to Sheol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '2', 'ab77', 'translate-names', 'שְׁא֛וֹל', '1', 'Sheol', '**Sheol** was the name of the place where people went after they died. It was thought to be a shadowy world located somewhere under the ground. The New Testament equivalent seems to be “Hades,” where the dead wait for judgment (see Rev. 20:13). If your language has a word for this place, you may want to use it here, or borrow the word “Sheol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '2', 'jdrd', 'figs-idiom', 'שָׁמַ֥עְתָּ קוֹלִֽ\u2060י', '1', 'you heard my voice', 'This phrase probably has both a literal and a figurative meaning. The phrase probably means literally that Yahweh heard Jonah’s voice while he was praying inside the belly of the fish. However, the phrase “to hear someone’s voice” in the Old Testament often means “to listen and obey (comply).” In this context, Jonah is expressing that Yahweh both heard him and acted to save him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '3', 'glp2', '', 'בִּ\u2060לְבַ֣ב יַמִּ֔ים', '1', 'into the heart of the seas', 'Here the term **heart** is a metaphor for “being inside” something. The phrase “in the heart of” means to be “in the middle of” or “completely surrounded by” sea water. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '3', 'p8fd', '', 'וְ\u2060נָהָ֖ר יְסֹבְבֵ֑\u2060נִי', '1', 'a current surrounded me', '“the sea water closed in around me”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '3', 'c6jx', 'figs-doublet', 'מִשְׁבָּרֶ֥י\u2060ךָ וְ\u2060גַלֶּ֖י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'your billows and your waves', 'Both of these are disturbances on the surface of the ocean. They could be combined into one term, such as “waves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '4', 'jdr5', 'grammar-connect-logic-contrast', 'וַ\u2060אֲנִ֣י', '1', 'But as for me,', 'This expression shows that there is a contrast between the actions of Yahweh, which Jonah had just talked about, and his own response. Alternate translation: “then I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '4', 'x1w9', 'figs-activepassive', 'נִגְרַ֖שְׁתִּי', '1', 'I have been driven out', 'This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you drove me out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '4', 'z1yx', 'figs-metonymy', 'מִ\u2060נֶּ֣גֶד עֵינֶ֑י\u2060ךָ', '1', 'from before your eyes', 'Here, **eyes** is a metonym meaning seeing, and seeing is a metonym for the knowledge, notice, and attention of God. Alternate translation: “from before you” or “from your presence” or “where you do not notice me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '4', 'b8vk', '', 'אַ֚ךְ אוֹסִ֣יף לְ\u2060הַבִּ֔יט אֶל־הֵיכַ֖ל קָדְשֶֽׁ\u2060ךָ', '1', 'yet I might again look toward your holy temple', 'Jonah still has hope that, in spite of all that he is going through, God will allow him to see the temple in Jerusalem again.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '5', 'abc2', 'figs-parallelism', 'אֲפָפ֤וּ\u2060נִי מַ֨יִם֙ עַד־נֶ֔פֶשׁ תְּה֖וֹם יְסֹבְבֵ֑\u2060נִי', '1', 'Water had closed around me even as far as life; the deep was surrounding me;', 'Jonah uses two similar phrases to express the severity and hopelessness of his situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '5', 'rf4b', '', 'מַ֨יִם֙', '1', 'Water', 'Here, **water** refers to the sea.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '5', 'ca31', '', 'עַד־נֶ֔פֶשׁ', '1', 'even as far as life', 'Here the Hebrew term **life** can possibly mean “my life” or “my neck” or “my spirit.” In any case, the water was threatening to end his life. Alternate translation: “up to my neck” or “as far as my spirit”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '5', 'nr3v', '', 'תְּה֖וֹם יְסֹבְבֵ֑\u2060נִי', '1', 'the deep was surrounding me', '“deep water was all around me”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '5', 'p1fw', '', 'ס֖וּף', '1', 'seaweed', '**Seaweed** is grass that grows in the sea.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '6', 'z36i', 'figs-metaphor', 'הָ\u2060אָ֛רֶץ בְּרִחֶ֥י\u2060הָ בַעֲדִ֖\u2060י לְ\u2060עוֹלָ֑ם', '1', 'the earth with its bars was around me forever', 'Here Jonah uses a metaphor to compare the earth to a prison. Alternate translation: “the earth was like a prison that was about to lock me in forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '6', 'dc3r', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060תַּ֧עַל מִ\u2060שַּׁ֛חַת חַיַּ֖\u2060י', '1', 'but you brought up my life from the pit', 'Here the term **pit** has two This could mean: (1) this could be a way to describe being in a very deep place underground or underwater or (2) this could be a metaphor meaning the place of the dead (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). In either case, the term probably refers to the fact that Jonah felt certain that he would die. Alternate translation: “but you saved me from dying in a deep place” or “but you saved my life from the place of the dead”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '6', 'i3mx', '', 'יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽ\u2060י', '1', 'Yahweh, my God!', 'In some languages, it may be more natural to put this at the beginning of the sentence or next to the word “you.”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '7', 'jdr6', 'grammar-connect-time-simultaneous', 'בְּ\u2060הִתְעַטֵּ֤ף עָלַ\u2060י֙ נַפְשִׁ֔\u2060י', '1', 'When my spirit fainted upon me,', 'This phrase could mean either: (1) Jonah was already in the process of dying when he remembered Yahweh; or (2) Jonah had given up hope of being rescued and resigned himself to the fact that he would die. Alternate translation: “when my life was fainting away from me” or “when my spirit inside me had fainted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '7', 'l2b6', '', 'אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה זָכָ֑רְתִּי', '1', 'I remembered Yahweh', 'Since Jonah was praying to Yahweh, it might be more clear in some languages to say “I thought about you, Yahweh” or “Yahweh, I thought about you.”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '7', 'ue9g', 'figs-metaphor', 'וַ\u2060תָּב֤וֹא אֵלֶ֨י\u2060ךָ֙ תְּפִלָּתִ֔\u2060י אֶל־הֵיכַ֖ל קָדְשֶֽׁ\u2060ךָ', '1', 'and my prayer came to you, to your holy temple', 'Jonah speaks as if his prayers could travel to God and his temple. This means that God heard his prayer and responded to it. Alternate translation: “then you in your holy temple heard my prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '7', 'jdrf', 'figs-metonymy', 'הֵיכַ֖ל קָדְשֶֽׁ\u2060ךָ', '1', 'your holy temple', 'Here the term **holy temple** may have either a literal or a figurative meaning, or perhaps both. Jonah might be speaking about the literal temple in Jerusalem, or he might be speaking about God’s dwelling place in heaven. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '7', 'jdre', '', 'נַפְשִׁ֔\u2060י', '1', 'my spirit', 'Here the Hebrew term **my spirit** could also mean **my life**.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '8', 'u1l9', 'figs-idiom', 'מְשַׁמְּרִ֖ים הַבְלֵי־שָׁ֑וְא', '1', 'Those who give attention to empty vanities', 'Here the term **empty vanities** is probably an idiom referring to idols of false gods. Alternate translation: “those who give attention to useless idols” or “those who pay attention to useless gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '8', 'fac9', '', 'חַסְדָּ֖\u2060ם יַעֲזֹֽבוּ', '1', 'forsake their covenant faithfulness', 'Here, **covenant faithfulness** could mean: (1) the faithfulness of God or (2) the faithfulness of the people. Therefore, it could mean (1) “are rejecting you, who would be faithful to them” or (2) “are abandoning their commitment to you”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '9', 'q3yb', 'grammar-connect-logic-contrast', 'וַ\u2060אֲנִ֗י', '1', 'But as for me,', 'This expression shows that there is a contrast between the people Jonah had just spoken about and himself. They paid attention to useless gods, but he would worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “but I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '9', 'nfd2', '', 'בְּ\u2060ק֤וֹל תּוֹדָה֙ אֶזְבְּחָה־לָּ֔\u2060ךְ', '1', 'I will sacrifice to you with a voice of thanksgiving', 'This phrase probably means that Jonah would thank God while he offered a sacrifice to him. It is not clear whether Jonah planned to thank God by singing or shouting joyfully.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '9', 'jdrh', '', 'יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ\u2060ה לַ\u2060יהוָֽה', '1', 'Salvation belongs to Yahweh', 'This last line of the poem can be understood in one of two ways: either (1) as being addressed to Yahweh as part of the description of the prayer; or (2) as being addressed to another person as a conclusion to the description of the prayer. See also the Note concerning the phrase “I cried out to Yahweh from my distress…” in [2:2](../02/02/jdrc).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '9', 'r4j4', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ\u2060ה לַ\u2060יהוָֽה', '1', 'Salvation belongs to Yahweh', 'This can be reworded so that the abstract noun **salvation** is expressed as the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who saves people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '2', '10', 'dz3j', '', 'אֶל־הַ\u2060יַּבָּשָֽׁה', '1', 'onto the dry land', '“upon the ground” or “onto the shore”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', 'intro', 'z3ut', '', '', '0', '', '# Jonah 3 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter returns to a narrative of Jonah’s life.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Animals
According to the king’s proclamation, the animals had to participate in the fast he ordered. This most likely reflects their pagan mindset. There was nothing in the law of Moses that instructed the people to have the animals participate in any religious acts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Size of Nineveh
When the author talks about the size of Nineveh, the measurements he gives are confusing. The phrase “three days’ journey” is ambiguous in Hebrew, as many scholars have remarked. In Jonah’s day, cities were not as big as they are today. So, although Nineveh was a big city, it was not as big as most modern cities.
### God repenting or relenting
The last verse of this chapter says, “So then God changed his mind about the punishment that he had said he would do to them, and he did not do it.” This concept of God changing His mind may seem inconsistent with the fact that God’s character and his plans do not change. But this whole book is written from a human viewpoint, and so it presents the actions of God as Jonah saw them. God had told Jonah to warn the Ninevites of judgment for their sin.
Yahweh is just, but he is also merciful. Because the Ninevites repented, God did not follow through with a judgment in this instance, and Jonah described that in a human way as “changing his mind.” The reader understands that this was God’s plan from the beginning. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '1', 'jdr7', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יְהִ֧י דְבַר־יְהוָ֛ה', '1', 'The word of Yahweh came', 'This phrase introduces the second half of the story of Jonah. The same phrase introduces the first half of the story [1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '1', 'xj6n', 'figs-idiom', 'וַ\u2060יְהִ֧י דְבַר־יְהוָ֛ה', '1', 'The word of Yahweh came', 'This is an idiom meaning that Yahweh spoke in some way. See how you translated this in [1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '2', 've4i', '', 'ק֛וּם לֵ֥ךְ אֶל־נִֽינְוֵ֖ה הָ\u2060עִ֣יר הַ\u2060גְּדוֹלָ֑ה', '1', 'Get up, go to Nineveh, the great city', '“Go to the large and important city of Nineveh”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '2', 'cl3b', 'figs-idiom', 'ק֛וּם', '1', 'Get up', '**Get up** here is an idiom intended to motivate Jonah to obey the next command, which is “go.” See how you translated this in [1:2](../01/02.md) and [1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '2', 'ir79', '', 'וִּ\u2060קְרָ֤א אֵלֶ֨י\u2060הָ֙ אֶת־הַ\u2060קְּרִיאָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י דֹּבֵ֥ר אֵלֶֽי\u2060ךָ', '1', 'call out to it the proclamation that I tell to you', '“tell the people there what I tell you to tell them”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '3', 'k7k9', 'figs-idiom', 'וַ\u2060יָּ֣קָם יוֹנָ֗ה וַ\u2060יֵּ֛לֶךְ אֶל־נִֽינְוֶ֖ה כִּ\u2060דְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה', '1', 'So Jonah got up and went to Nineveh, according to the word of Yahweh', 'Here the words **got up** mean that Jonah took action in response to God’s command to go, and this time he obeyed instead of disobeying. Alternate translation: “his time Jonah obeyed Yahweh and went to Nineveh” or “so Jonah left the beach and went to Nineveh, as Yahweh had commanded him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '3', 'g4nk', 'figs-metonymy', 'כִּ\u2060דְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה', '1', 'the word of Yahweh', '“the message of Yahweh” or “the command of Yahweh”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '3', 'dt1b', 'writing-background', 'וְ\u2060נִֽינְוֵ֗ה הָיְתָ֤ה עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽ\u2060אלֹהִ֔ים מַהֲלַ֖ךְ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים', '1', 'Now Nineveh was a great city to Gpd, a journey of three days', 'This sentence gives background information about the city of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '3', 'jd8r', 'figs-idiom', 'עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽ\u2060אלֹהִ֔ים', '1', 'a great city to God', 'This is an idiom meaning that the city is both extremely large and one of the largest cities in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '3', 'ye82', 'figs-idiom', 'מַהֲלַ֖ךְ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים', '1', 'a journey of three days', 'This appears to mean that a person had to walk for three days to completely go through it from one side of the city to the opposite side. It could also mean that it took three days to see the whole city. Alternate translation: “a city so large that it would take a person three days to walk through it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '4', 'r2al', '', 'וַ\u2060יָּ֤חֶל יוֹנָה֙ לָ\u2060ב֣וֹא בָ\u2060עִ֔יר מַהֲלַ֖ךְ י֣וֹם אֶחָ֑ד וַ\u2060יִּקְרָא֙', '1', 'So Jonah began to go into the city a journey of one day, and he called out', 'This phrase has two This could mean: (1) Jonah walked a day’s journey into the city, then he started calling out; or (2) while Jonah was walking through the city on the first day, he started calling out.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '4', 'r94k', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּקְרָא֙ וַ\u2060יֹּאמַ֔ר', '1', 'and he called out and said', '“and he proclaimed” or “and he shouted”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '4', 'ab78', '', 'ע֚וֹד אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם', '1', 'Until 40 days', '“after 40 days” or “in 40 days” or “there remain 40 days, and”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '4', 'q2nc', 'translate-numbers', 'אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם', '1', '40 days', '**forty days** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '5', 'ab90', 'translate-symaction', 'וַ\u2060יִּקְרְאוּ־צוֹם֙', '1', 'they proclaimed a fast', 'People fasted to show sadness or devotion to God or both. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '5', 'e5lm', 'figs-explicit', 'וַ\u2060יִּלְבְּשׁ֣וּ שַׂקִּ֔ים', '1', 'and put on sackcloth', 'The reason why people **put on sackcloth** can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: “they also put on coarse cloth to show that they were sorry for having sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '5', 'isk5', '', 'מִ\u2060גְּדוֹלָ֖\u2060ם וְ\u2060עַד־קְטַנָּֽ\u2060ם', '1', 'from the greatest of them even to the least of them', '“from the most significant to the least significant people” or “including all of the important people and all of the unimportant people”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '6', 'pna3', '', 'הַ\u2060דָּבָר֙', '1', 'the word', '“Jonah’s message”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '6', 'h9wz', 'translate-symaction', 'וַ\u2060יָּ֨קָם֙ מִ\u2060כִּסְא֔\u2060וֹ', '1', 'and he rose up from his throne', '“he got up from his throne” or “he stood up from his throne” The king left his throne to show that he was acting humbly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '6', 'pvp7', '', 'מִ\u2060כִּסְא֔\u2060וֹ', '1', 'his throne', 'A **throne** is a special chair that a king sits on when performing his official duties as king. It is reserved for only the king.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '6', 'ab91', 'translate-symaction', 'וַ\u2060יֵּ֖שֶׁב עַל־הָ\u2060אֵֽפֶר', '1', 'and sat down on the ash heap', '**Sitting in ashes** was a way to show great humility and sorrow. In this case, it was to show how sorry he was for his sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '7', 'v29b', '', 'וַ\u2060יַּזְעֵ֗ק וַ\u2060יֹּ֨אמֶר֙…לֵ\u2060אמֹ֑ר', '1', 'And he proclaimed and spoke', '“he sent out an official announcement that said” or “he sent his messengers to announce”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '7', 'zi06', '', 'מִ\u2060טַּ֧עַם הַ\u2060מֶּ֛לֶךְ וּ\u2060גְדֹלָ֖י\u2060ו', '1', 'from a decree of the king and his nobles', '“a command with the full authority of the king and his officials”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '7', 'n5fn', '', 'וּ\u2060גְדֹלָ֖י\u2060ו', '1', 'nobles', 'The term **nobles** refers to important men who helped the king rule the city.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '7', 'xw6c', '', 'הַ\u2060בָּקָ֣ר וְ\u2060הַ\u2060צֹּ֗אן', '1', 'herd or flock', 'This refers to two kinds of animals that people care for. A **herd** is made up of large livestock (such as oxen or cattle) and a **flock** is made up of small livestock (such as sheep or goats). Alternate translation: “cattle or sheep”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '7', 'fw18', 'figs-explicit', 'אַ֨ל־יִרְע֔וּ וּ\u2060מַ֖יִם אַל־יִשְׁתּֽוּ', '1', 'they must not graze, and they must not drink water', '“they must not eat or drink anything” The reason they were not to eat or drink anything can be made explicit by adding “in order to show that they are sorry for their sins.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '8', 'mzx6', '', 'וְ\u2060הַ\u2060בְּהֵמָ֔ה', '1', 'every animal', 'Here the word **animal** refers to animals that people own.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '8', 'jh7e', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060יִקְרְא֥וּ אֶל־אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּ\u2060חָזְקָ֑ה', '1', 'and they must cry out to God with strength', '“and they must pray earnestly to God” What the people were to pray for can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and they must cry out loudly to God and ask for mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '8', 'n3ls', '', 'הֶ\u2060חָמָ֖ס אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּ\u2060כַפֵּי\u2060הֶֽם', '1', 'the violence that is in his hands', 'Here, **hands** is a metonym meaning doing. This refers to the violence that the people of Nineveh were doing. Alternate translation: “the violent things that he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '9', 'wbt6', 'figs-rquestion', 'מִֽי־יוֹדֵ֣עַ', '1', 'Who knows?', 'The king used this rhetorical question to get the people to think about something that is possible, but uncertain: that if they would stop sinning, God might not kill them. It could be translated as a statement: “We do not know.” Or it could be stated as a word and be part of the next sentence: “Perhaps.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '9', 'z3jj', 'figs-metaphor', 'יָשׁ֔וּב וְ\u2060נִחַ֖ם הָ\u2060אֱלֹהִ֑ים', '1', 'This god might turn back and have compassion', 'Here the author speaks of God changing his mind about bringing judgment as if God were turning around and walking in the opposite direction. Alternate translation: “God may decide instead to have compassion” or “God may do the opposite of what he said and be merciful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '9', 'jdrg', 'figs-idiom', 'מֵ\u2060חֲר֥וֹן אַפּ֖\u2060וֹ', '1', 'from the burning of his nose', 'Here **the burning of his nose** is an idiom meaning that the person is angry. Alternate translation: “from his anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '9', 'uvp9', '', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֥א נֹאבֵֽד', '1', 'so that we will not perish', '“and we will not die”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '10', 'w3uu', '', 'וַ\u2060יַּ֤רְא הָֽ\u2060אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶֽת־מַ֣עֲשֵׂי\u2060הֶ֔ם כִּי־שָׁ֖בוּ מִ\u2060דַּרְכָּ֣\u2060ם הָ\u2060רָעָ֑ה', '1', 'And God saw their deeds, that they turned away from their evil ways', '“God saw that they stopped doing evil actions”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '10', 'k8am', 'figs-metaphor', 'שָׁ֖בוּ מִ\u2060דַּרְכָּ֣\u2060ם הָ\u2060רָעָ֑ה', '1', 'they turned from their evil ways', 'Here the author speaks of the people stopping their sinning as if they turned around from walking on a path toward evil and started walking in the opposite direction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '10', 'ab85', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּנָּ֣חֶם הָ\u2060אֱלֹהִ֗ים עַל־הָ\u2060רָעָ֛ה', '1', 'And God relented in regard to the evil', 'The word translated as “evil” here is very broad, including moral evil, physical evil, and everything that is bad. It is the same word used in the previous sentence (and verse 8) to describe the actions of the Ninevites. The author is showing that when people repent of moral evil, God relents of doing physical evil (punishment). God never does moral evil. If this is clear in your language, you may want to use the same word in both sentences. If that is not clear, you may want to use different words.']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '3', '10', 'it1a', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060לֹ֥א עָשָֽׂה', '1', 'and he did not do it', 'What God did not do can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and he did not punish them” or “and he did not destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', 'intro', 'ys57', '', '', '0', '', '# Jonah 4 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Jonah continues the narrative while bringing the book to what seems like an unusual end. This emphasizes that the book is not really about Jonah. It is about God’s desire to be merciful to everyone, whether Jew or pagan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Prophecy not coming true
It is important to see the relationship between a prophet and Yahweh. A prophet was to prophesy for Yahweh, and his words must come true. According to the law of Moses, if that did not happen, the penalty was death, because that shows that he was not a real prophet. But when Jonah told the city of Nineveh that it was going to be destroyed in forty days, it did not happen at that time. This is because God reserves the right to be merciful. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
## Jonah’s anger
When God did not destroy Nineveh, Jonah was angry with God because Jonah hated the people of Nineveh. They were enemies of Israel. But God wanted Jonah, and the readers of this book, to learn that God loves all people.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical questions
As in other places, Jonah asks rhetorical questions to show how angry he was at Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
### Parallel to Mount Sinai
In verse 2, Jonah attributes a series of characteristics to God. A Jewish reader of this book would recognize this as a formula Moses used in speaking about God when he was meeting God on Mount Sinai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### God’s grace
When Jonah went outside the city, he got very hot and God graciously provided some relief through the plant. God was trying to teach Jonah through an object lesson. It is important for the reader to see this clearly. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '1', 'jdr8', 'writing-newevent', 'וַ\u2060יֵּ֥רַע אֶל־יוֹנָ֖ה רָעָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וַ\u2060יִּ֖חַר לֽ\u2060וֹ׃', '1', 'But this was evil to Jonah, a great evil, and it burned to him.', 'This sentence introduces the next part of the story where Jonah responds to God saving the city of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '1', 'abc3', 'figs-idiom', 'וַ\u2060יִּ֖חַר לֽ\u2060וֹ', '1', 'and it burned to him', 'This is an idiom that speaks of Jonah’s anger as if it were a fire burning inside him. Alternate translation: “and he was very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '2', 'q6bb', 'figs-exclamations', 'אָנָּ֤ה', '1', 'Ah!', 'In this context, the word **Ah!** shows intense frustration. Represent this emotion in the most natural way for your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '2', 'k24b', 'figs-rquestion', 'יְהוָה֙ הֲ\u2060לוֹא־זֶ֣ה דְבָרִ֗\u2060י עַד־הֱיוֹתִ\u2060י֙ עַל־אַדְמָתִ֔\u2060י', '1', 'Yahweh, was this not my word while I was in my country?', 'Jonah used this rhetorical question to tell God how angry he was. If it is more clear, this can be made into a statement. Alternate translation: “ah, Yahweh, this is what I said when I was still in my own country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '2', 'ab79', 'figs-explicit', 'יְהוָה֙ הֲ\u2060לוֹא־זֶ֣ה דְבָרִ֗\u2060י עַד־הֱיוֹתִ\u2060י֙ עַל־אַדְמָתִ֔\u2060י', '1', 'Yahweh, was this not my word while I was in my country?', 'What Jonah said when he was back in his own country can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “now Yahweh, when I was still in my own country I knew that if I warned the people of Nineveh, they would repent, and you would not destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '2', 'ab81', 'figs-idiom', 'אֶ֤רֶךְ אַפַּ֨יִם֙', '1', 'long of nostrils', 'This is an idiom meaning that Yahweh does not get angry quickly. Alternate translation: “slow to get angry” or “very patient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '2', 'jv5c', '', 'וְ\u2060רַב־חֶ֔סֶד', '1', 'and abundant in covenant faithfulness', '“and very faithful” or “and you love people very much”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '2', 'wl7j', 'figs-explicit', 'וְ\u2060נִחָ֖ם עַל־הָ\u2060רָעָֽה', '1', 'and one who relents from evil', 'Here, **evil** refers to the physical destruction of the city of Nineveh and its people. It does not refer to moral evil. In this context, this phrase means that God feels sadness about causing bad things to happen to people who sin and he changes his mind when sinners repent of their sin. This implicit information can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and you feel sadness about causing disaster for sinners” or “and you decide not to punish sinners who repent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '3', 'dm5t', 'figs-explicit', 'קַח־נָ֥א אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖\u2060י מִמֶּ֑\u2060נִּי', '1', 'I beg you, take my life from me', 'Jonah’s reason for wanting to die can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “since you will not destroy Nineveh as you said you would, please allow me to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '3', 'yk5v', '', 'כִּ֛י ט֥וֹב מוֹתִ֖\u2060י מֵ\u2060חַיָּֽ\u2060י', '1', 'for my death is better than my life', '“I would prefer to die rather than to live” or “because I want to die. I do not want to live”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '4', 'ab82', 'figs-idiom', 'הַ\u2060הֵיטֵ֖ב חָ֥רָה לָֽ\u2060ךְ', '1', 'Is it right that it burns to you?', 'This is an idiom that speaks of Jonah’s anger as if it were a fire burning inside him. See how you translated it in [4:1](../04/01.md). Alternate translation: “is it right for you to be angry about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '4', 'ab83', 'figs-explicit', 'הַ\u2060הֵיטֵ֖ב חָ֥רָה לָֽ\u2060ךְ', '1', 'Is it right that it burns to you?', 'The reason for Jonah’s anger can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “is it right for you to be angry that I did not destroy Nineveh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '5', 'q1f7', '', 'וַ\u2060יֵּצֵ֤א יוֹנָה֙ מִן־הָ\u2060עִ֔יר', '1', 'Then Jonah went out from the city', '“then Jonah left the city of Nineveh”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '5', 'af46', '', 'מַה־יִּהְיֶ֖ה בָּ\u2060עִֽיר', '1', 'what would transpire within the city', 'Jonah wanted to see if God would destroy the city or not. Alternate translation: “what would become of the city” or “what God would do to the city”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '6', 'i4r4', '', 'מֵ\u2060עַ֣ל לְ\u2060יוֹנָ֗ה לִֽ\u2060הְי֥וֹת צֵל֙ עַל־רֹאשׁ֔\u2060וֹ', '1', 'from over Jonah to be a shade over his head', '“over Jonah’s head for shade”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '6', 't21k', '', 'לְ\u2060הַצִּ֥יל ל֖\u2060וֹ מֵ\u2060רָֽעָת֑\u2060וֹ', '1', 'to rescue him from his evil', 'Here the term **evil** could mean two things (or both at the same time): (1) “discomfort” or “distress,” meaning the intense heat of the sun shining on Jonah’s head; or (2) “wrong,” meaning Jonah’s wrong attitude concerning God’s decision not to destroy Nineveh. If both meanings can be preserved, that is preferable. If not, you can choose an Alternate translation: “to protect Jonah from the heat of the sun” or “to save Jonah from his wrong attitude”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '7', 't7il', '', 'וַ\u2060יְמַ֤ן הָֽ\u2060אֱלֹהִים֙ תּוֹלַ֔עַת', '1', 'Then God appointed a worm', '“then God sent a worm”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '7', 'rw7z', '', 'וַ\u2060תַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַ\u2060קִּֽיקָי֖וֹן', '1', 'and it attacked the plant', '“and the worm chewed the plant”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '7', 'd16m', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּיבָֽשׁ', '1', 'and it withered', 'The plant became dry and died. Alternate translation: “so that the plant died”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '8', 'jdr9', 'grammar-connect-time-background', 'וַ\u2060יְהִ֣י׀ כִּ\u2060זְרֹ֣חַ הַ\u2060שֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ', '1', 'And as soon as the rising of the sun happened', 'The **rising of the sun** is background information that gives the time when the hot wind from the east started blowing. Express this relationship in a natural way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '8', 'hmi4', 'figs-explicit', 'וַ\u2060יְמַ֨ן אֱלֹהִ֜ים ר֤וּחַ קָדִים֙ חֲרִישִׁ֔ית', '1', 'then God appointed a hot east wind', 'God caused a hot wind from the east to blow on Jonah. If “wind” in your language can only mean a cool or cold wind, then you can try this alternate translation: “God sent a very hot warmth from the east to Jonah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '8', 'mnu9', '', 'וַ\u2060תַּ֥ךְ הַ\u2060שֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ', '1', 'the sun beat down', '“the sun was very hot”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '8', 'u2pl', 'figs-synecdoche', 'עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ יוֹנָ֖ה', '1', 'on the head of Jonah', 'This phrase may have a literal meaning or a figurative meaning. Perhaps Jonah felt the heat most on his head, or perhaps the phrase **the head of Jonah** is a synecdoche meaning Jonah’s entire body. Alternate translation: “on Jonah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '8', 'z95v', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּתְעַלָּ֑ף', '1', 'and he became faint', '“and he became very weak” or “and he lost his strength”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '8', 'ab87', '', 'וַ\u2060יִּשְׁאַ֤ל אֶת־נַפְשׁ\u2060וֹ֙ לָ\u2060מ֔וּת', '1', 'he asked his spirit to die', 'Jonah is talking to himself. Alternate translation: “he wished he would die” or “he wanted to die”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '8', 'eln6', '', 'ט֥וֹב מוֹתִ֖\u2060י מֵ\u2060חַיָּֽ\u2060י', '1', 'My death is better than my life', '“I would rather die than live” or “I want to die; I do not want to live” See how you translated this in [4:3](../04/03/yk5v).']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '9', 'w24z', 'figs-explicit', 'הַ\u2060הֵיטֵ֥ב חָרָֽה־לְ\u2060ךָ֖ עַל־הַ\u2060קִּֽיקָי֑וֹן', '1', 'Is it right that it burns to you about the plant?', 'In this context, God’s question is intended to lead Jonah to draw a conclusion about his selfish attitude. This implicit information can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “is it right that you should be so angry about the plant that only gave shade to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '9', 'h43a', '', 'הֵיטֵ֥ב חָֽרָה־לִ֖\u2060י עַד־מָֽוֶת', '1', 'It is right that it burns to me, even as far as death.', '“I am right to be angry. I am angry enough to die”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '10', 'gkz7', 'figs-explicit', 'וַ\u2060יֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה', '1', 'Yahweh said', 'Here Yahweh is speaking to Jonah. This implicit information can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh said to Jonah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '10', 'ab88', 'figs-idiom', 'שֶׁ\u2060בִּן־ לַ֥יְלָה הָיָ֖ה וּ\u2060בִן־ לַ֥יְלָה אָבָֽד־ לַ֥יְלָה', '1', 'it came as a son of a night, and it perished as a son of a night', 'This idiom means that the plant existed only briefly. Alternate translation: “it grew in one night and died the next” or “it grew quickly and died just as quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '11', 'jdr0', 'grammar-connect-words-phrases', 'וַֽ\u2060אֲנִי֙', '1', 'So as for me,', 'This expression, paired with **As for you** in verse 10, shows a comparison between Jonah’s attitude toward the plant and Yahweh’s attitude toward the people of Nineveh. Express this comparison in a natural way in your language.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '11', 'ecl1', 'figs-rquestion', 'וַֽ\u2060אֲנִי֙ לֹ֣א אָח֔וּס עַל־נִינְוֵ֖ה הָ\u2060עִ֣יר הַ\u2060גְּדוֹלָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶשׁ־בָּ֡\u2060הּ הַרְבֵּה֩ מִֽ\u2060שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה רִבּ֜וֹ אָדָ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יָדַע֙ בֵּין־יְמִינ֣\u2060וֹ לִ\u2060שְׂמֹאל֔\u2060וֹ וּ\u2060בְהֵמָ֖ה רַבָּֽה', '1', 'So as for me, should I not feel troubled about Nineveh, the great city, in which there are more than 120,000 people who cannot distinguish between their right hand and their left hand, and many animals?', 'God used this rhetorical question to emphasize his claim that he should have compassion on Nineveh. Alternate translation: “I certainly should have compassion for Nineveh, that great city, in which there are more than 120,000 people who cannot distinguish between their right hand and their left hand, and also many cattle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '11', 'dqi1', '', 'אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶשׁ־בָּ֡\u2060הּ הַרְבֵּה֩', '1', 'in which there are more than', 'This can also be translated as the beginning of a new sentence. Alternate translation: “There are more than” or “it has more than”']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '11', 'c3b7', 'translate-numbers', 'מִֽ\u2060שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה רִבּ֜וֹ אָדָ֗ם', '1', '120,000 people', '**one hundred twenty thousand people** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])']
BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JON', '4', '11', 'j35h', 'figs-idiom', 'אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יָדַע֙ בֵּין־יְמִינ֣\u2060וֹ לִ\u2060שְׂמֹאל֔\u2060וֹ', '1', 'who cannot distinguish between their right hand and their left hand', 'This idiom means “who do not know the difference between right and wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']