John

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', 'front', 'intro', 't6za', '', '', '0', '', '# Introduction to the Gospel of John

## Part 1: General Introduction

### Outline of the Gospel of John

1. Introduction about who Jesus is (1:1–18)
2. Jesus is baptized, and he chooses twelve disciples (1:19–51)
3. Jesus preaches, teaches, and heals people (2–11)
4. The seven days before Jesus’ death (12–19)
* Mary anoints the feet of Jesus (12:1–11)
* Jesus rides a donkey into Jerusalem (12:12–19)
* Some Greek men want to see Jesus (12:20–36)
* The Jewish leaders reject Jesus (12:37–50)
* Jesus teaches his disciples (13–17)
* Jesus is arrested and undergoes trial (18:1–19:15)
* Jesus is crucified and buried (19:16–42)
5. Jesus rises from the dead (20:1–29)
6. John says why he wrote his gospel (20:30–31)
7. Jesus meets with the disciples (21)

### What is the Gospel of John about?

The Gospel of John is one of four books in the New Testament that describe some of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. These books are called “Gospels,” which means “good news.” Their authors wrote about different aspects of who Jesus was and what he did. John said that he wrote his Gospel “so that people might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of the living God” (20:31). John’s Gospel repeatedly emphasizes that Jesus is God in human form.

John’s Gospel is very different from the other three Gospels. John does not include some of the teachings and events that the other writers included in their Gospels. Also, John wrote about some teachings and events that are not in the other Gospels.

John wrote much about the miraculous signs Jesus did to prove that what Jesus said about himself was true. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]])

### How should the title of this book be translated?

Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “The Gospel of John” or “The Gospel According to John.” Or they may choose a title that may be clearer, such as, “The Good News About Jesus That John Wrote.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

### Who wrote the Gospel of John?

This book does not give the name of the author. However, since early Christian times, most Christians have thought that the Apostle John was the author. Further evidence that the Apostle John wrote this Gospel is the fact that his name does not occur once within it. Instead, this Gospel contains the phrase “the disciple whom Jesus loved” in places where the other Gospels indicate that John was involved. The Apostle John most likely referred to himself in this manner because he wanted to humbly testify to his close relationship with Jesus as part of Jesus’ inner circle of disciples who became the “pillars” of the early church (Galatians 2:9).

## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

### Why does John write so much about the final week of Jesus’ life?

John wrote much about Jesus’ final week. He wanted his readers to think deeply about Jesus’ final week and his death on the cross. He wanted people to understand that Jesus willingly died on the cross so that God could forgive them for sinning against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

## Part 3: Important Translation Issues

### Why does Jesus refer to himself as the “Son of Man”?

In the Gospels, Jesus calls himself the “Son of Man.” This is a reference to Daniel 7:13–14. In that passage, there is a person who is described as like a “son of man.” That means that the person was someone who looked like a human being. God gave authority to this “son of man” to rule over the nations forever. All people will worship him forever.

Jews of Jesus’ time did not use “Son of Man” as a title for anyone. But Jesus used it for himself to help them understand who he truly was. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]])

Translating the title “Son of Man” can be difficult in many languages. Readers may misunderstand a literal translation. Translators can consider alternatives, such as “The Human One.” It may also be helpful to include a footnote to explain the title.

### What does the word “sign” mean in the Gospel of John?

While other New Testament writers use terms like “mighty works” or “wonders” to refer to the miracles that Jesus did, John prefers to use the term “sign.” The miracles John calls signs were significant displays of divine power. John called them signs to emphasize that an important purpose of Jesus’ miracles was to prove that Jesus was God and that what Jesus said about himself was true. John said that in his Gospel he only wrote about some of the signs that Jesus did and “these have been written so that you would believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and so that believing, you would have life in his name” ([20:30–31](../20/30.md)).

### What do the words “remain,” “reside,” and “abide” mean in the Gospel of John?

John often used the words “remain,” “reside”, and “abide” as metaphors. John spoke of a believer becoming more faithful to Jesus and knowing Jesus better as if Jesus’ word “remained” in the believer. John also spoke of someone being spiritually joined to someone else as if the person “remained” in the other person. Christians are said to “remain” in Christ and in God. The Father is said to “remain” in the Son, and the Son is said to “remain” in the Father. The Son is said to “remain” in believers. The Holy Spirit is also said to “remain” in the believers.

Many translators will find it impossible to represent these ideas in their languages in exactly the same way. For example, Jesus intended to express the idea of the Christian being spiritually together with him when he said, “He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me, and I in him” (John 6:56). The UST uses the idea of “will be joined to me, and I will be joined to him.” But translators may have to find other ways of expressing the idea.

In the passage, “If my words remain in you” (John 15:7), the UST expresses this idea as, “If you live by my message.” Translators may find it possible to use this translation as a model.

### What is double meaning in the Gospel of John?

John occasionally used words or phrases that could have two meanings (double entendre) in the language he was writing in. For example, the phrase translated “born again” in the ULT could also mean “born from above” (John 3:3, 7). In such cases, you may want to choose one meaning and put the other meaning in a footnote.

### What are the major issues in the text of the Gospel of John?

The following verses found in older versions of the Bible but are not included in most modern versions. Translators are advised not to translate these verses. However, if in the translators’ region, there are older versions of the Bible that include these verses, the translators can include them. If they are translated, they should be put inside square brackets (\\[\\]) to indicate that they were probably not original to John’s Gospel.

* “waiting for the moving of the water. For an angel of the Lord occasionally went down into the pool and stirred the water and whoever went first after the stirring of the water, was made well from the disease they had.” (5:3-4)
* “going through the midst of them, and so passed by” (8:59)

The following passage is included in most older and modern versions of the Bible. But it is not in the earliest copies of the Bible. Translators are advised to translate this passage. It should be put inside of square brackets (\\[\\]) to indicate that it may not have been original to John’s Gospel.

* The story of the adulterous woman (7:53-8:11)

(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', 'intro', 'k29b', '', '', '0', '', '# John 1 General Notes

## Structure and formatting

1. Jesus is God (1:1–5)
2. John the Baptist was Jesus’ witness (1:6–8)
3. Summary of Jesus’ ministry on Earth (1:9–13)
4. Jesus is God in the flesh (1:14–18)
5. John the Baptist prepares the way for Jesus (1:19–34)
6. Jesus meets Andrew, Peter, Philip, and Nathaniel (1:35–51)

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in [1:23](../01/23.md), which are words from the Old Testament.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### “The Word”

John uses the phrase “the Word” to refer to Jesus ([1:1,14](../01/01.md)). John is saying that God’s most important message to all people is actually Jesus, a person with a physical body. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]])

### Light and Darkness

The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. In [1:4–9](../01/04.md), John uses an extended metaphor in which light represents what is true and good and darkness represents what is false and evil. John applies that light metaphor to Jesus in order to show that Jesus is the embodiment of God’s truth and goodness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

### “Children of God”

People are sometimes described as “children of God” because God created them. However, John uses this expression in a different sense in this chapter. He uses it to describe people who have entered into a father-child relationship with God by putting their faith and trust in Jesus. God indeed created all people, but people can only become children of God in this sense by believing in Jesus. “Children” in this usage does not refer to those who are young, but only to the relationship that people have at any age to their father. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Metaphors

John uses the metaphors of light and darkness and of “the Word” to tell the reader that he will be writing more about good and evil and about what God wants to tell people through Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “In the beginning”

Some languages and cultures speak of the world as if it has always existed, as if it had no beginning. But “very long ago” is different from “in the beginning,” and you need to be sure that your translation communicates correctly.

### “Son of Man”

Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([1:51](../01/51.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. See the discussion of this concept in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '1', 'er9g', '', 'ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν', '1', 'In the beginning', 'This phrase refers to the very earliest time before God created the heavens and the earth. It does not refer to time in the distant past. Alternate translation: “Before the beginning of the universe there was” or “Before the universe began there was”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '1', 'z59q', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος…καὶ Θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος', '1', 'the Word', 'Here, **the Word** refers to Jesus. It does not refer to a spoken word. ULT indicates this by capitalizing **Word** to indicate that this is a title for Jesus. Use whatever convention your language uses to indicate that this is a name. If “word” is feminine in your language, it could be translated as “the one who is called the Word.” Alternate translation: “Jesus, who is the Word, and Jesus … and Jesus was God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '2', 'u6xx', 'writing-pronouns', 'οὗτος', '1', '', '**He** here refers to Jesus, whom John has called “the Word” in the previous verse. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “the Word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '2', 'k8cf', '', 'ἐν ἀρχῇ', '1', '', 'Here, this phrase refers to the very earliest time before God created the heavens and the earth. See how you translated this phrase in verse [1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “before the beginning of the universe” or “before the universe began”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '3', 'gm5g', 'figs-activepassive', 'πάντα δι’ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο', '1', 'All things were made through him', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you can translate this with an active verb and say who did the action. Alternate translation: “God made all things through him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '3', 't1lj', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, **him** refers to Jesus, the one who is called “the Word.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “the Word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '3', 'aqs1', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν ὃ γέγονεν', '1', 'without him there was not one thing made that has been made', 'If your language does not permit double negatives, these words should communicate that the opposite of “all things were made through him” is false. Alternate translation: “with him came into being everything that came into being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '3', 'v4yk', 'figs-activepassive', 'χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν ὃ γέγονεν', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you can translate this with an active verb and say who did the action. Alternate translation: “God did not make one thing without him” or “God made with him everything that God has made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '4', 'dv2f', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἐν αὐτῷ', '1', 'In him', 'Here, **him** refers to Jesus, the one who is called “the Word.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “the Word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '4', 'pz5c', 'figs-explicit', 'ζωὴ', '1', '', 'Here, it is best to use a general term for **life**. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) If you must use a more specific word, consider that **life** here could refer to: (1) eternal life, which is the meaning John uses for this term throughout this Gospel. Alternate translation: “the means of receiving eternal life” (2) physical life, which would mean that this verse continues the discussion about the creation of the universe in the previous verses. Alternate translation: “the life of all living things” (3) both physical life and eternal life. Alternate translation: “the life of all living things and the source of eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '4', 'ffbw', 'figs-explicit', 'καὶ ἡ ζωὴ', '1', '', 'Here, **the life** refers to the same life stated in the previous phrase. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and that life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '4', 'dpeb', 'figs-metaphor', 'τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων', '1', '', 'Here, **light** is a metaphor for what is true and good. Alternate translation: “the true and good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '4', 'saci', 'figs-possession', 'τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων', '1', '', 'Here, **of** indicates to whom the **light** is given. Alternate translation: “the light given to men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '4', 'jzwk', 'figs-gendernotations', 'τῶν ἀνθρώπων', '1', '', 'Although the term **men** is masculine, John is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '5', 'dgin', 'figs-metaphor', 'τὸ φῶς…φαίνει', '1', '', "Here, **the light shines** is a metaphor. John speaks figuratively of God's truth and goodness being revealed as if it were a light shining. This truth and goodness was revealed to the world by Jesus. He is the embodiment of God's truth and goodness. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly or with a simile. Alternate translation: “God reveals his truth and goodness” or “God’s truth and goodness is like a light that shines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])"]

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '5', 'y5ry', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ…καὶ ἡ σκοτία', '1', 'The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it', 'Here, **darkness** is a metaphor for what is false and evil. It is the spiritual **darkness** of the people in the world who do not love Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly or with a simile. Alternate translation: “in the false and evil world, and that evil world” or “in the evil world that is like a dark place, and that dark place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '5', 'w9ni', '', 'αὐτὸ οὐ κατέλαβεν', '1', '', "Here, the word translated **overcome** could also be translated as “understand.” It could mean: (1) the evil forces in the world did not conquer God’s truth and goodness. Alternate translation: “did not conquer it” (2) the people in the world who don't know God do not understand his truth and goodness. Alternate translation: “did not comprehend it” (3) the evil forces of this world neither conquered nor understood God’s truth and goodness. Alternate translation: “did not conquer or comprehend it”"]

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '5', 'yv8l', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτὸ οὐ κατέλαβεν', '1', '', 'Here, **it** refers to the light mentioned earlier in the verse. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “did not overcome the light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '6', 'qa1s', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἀπεσταλμένος παρὰ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an active verbal form in place of the passive verbal form **having been sent**. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “whom God has sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '6', 'gih6', 'figs-explicit', 'Ἰωάννης', '1', '', 'Here, **John** refers to Jesus’ cousin, often referred to as “John the Baptist.” (See: rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/johnthebaptist) It does not refer to the Apostle John who wrote this Gospel. If it would be misunderstood to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “John the Baptist” or “John the Immerser” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '7', 'mtlb', 'writing-pronouns', 'οὗτος', '1', '', '**He** here refers to John the Baptist, who was introduced in the previous verse. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “John the Baptist” or “John the Immerser” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '7', 'mht8', 'figs-metaphor', 'περὶ τοῦ φωτός', '1', 'testify about the light', 'Here, **light** is a metaphor for the revelation of God’s truth and goodness in Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “about Jesus, who revealed the true and good things of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '7', 'cdl5', '', 'δι’ αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, **through** indicates the means by which everyone might believe in the light. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “by means of him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '7', 'm4fo', 'writing-pronouns', 'δι’ αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, **him** refers to John the Baptist. It does not refer to Jesus or the light. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “through John the Baptist” or “through John the Immerser” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '8', 'pn9t', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἐκεῖνος', '1', '', '**That one** here refers to John the Baptist. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “John the Baptist” or “John the Immerser” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '8', 'kbwh', 'figs-metaphor', 'τὸ φῶς…τοῦ φωτός', '1', '', 'Here, **light** is a metaphor for the revelation of God’s truth and goodness in Jesus. See how you translated it in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “Jesus, who revealed the true and good things of God … Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '9', 'xe1z', 'figs-metaphor', 'τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινὸν, ὃ', '1', 'The true light', 'Here, **light** is a metaphor that represents Jesus as the one who both reveals the truth about God and is himself that truth. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “Jesus, who truly embodied God’s truth, who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '9', 'rbsj', 'figs-metaphor', 'ὃ φωτίζει πάντα ἄνθρωπον', '1', '', 'Here, **light** is a metaphor for God’s truth and goodness. Alternate translation: “which reveals the true and good things of God to all men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '9', 'u00s', 'figs-gendernotations', 'ἄνθρωπον', '1', '', 'Although the term **men** is masculine, John is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '10', 'c2ne', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἦν…δι’ αὐτοῦ…αὐτὸν', '1', '', '**He** and **him** in this verse refer to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus was … through Jesus … Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '10', 'io8w', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ', '1', '', 'Here, **world** refers to to the earth on which people live. It does not refer only to the people in the world or to the entire universe. Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '10', 'krcb', 'figs-metonymy', 'ὁ κόσμος', '1', '', 'Here, **world** refers to the universe God created. It does not refer only to the people in the world or only to the earth. Alternate translation: “the universe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '10', 'b93e', 'grammar-connect-logic-contrast', 'καὶ ὁ κόσμος αὐτὸν οὐκ ἔγνω', '1', 'He was in the world, and the world was made through him, and the world did not know him', 'Here, **and** introduces a contrast between what was expected, that the world would recognize its Creator, and what happened, that the world did to do that. Alternate translation: “but the world did not know him” or “yet the world did not know him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '10', 'ke5s', 'figs-metonymy', 'ὁ κόσμος', '2', 'the world did not know him', 'Here, **world** refers to the people who lived in it. Alternate translation: “the people in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '10', 't1qv', '', 'οὐκ ἔγνω', '1', '', 'Alternate translation: “did not acknowledge”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '11', 'jr6d', 'writing-pronouns', 'εἰς τὰ ἴδια ἦλθεν', '1', 'He came to his own, and his own did not receive him', '**He**, **his**, and **him** in this verse refer to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus came to his own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '11', 'jvgs', 'figs-explicit', 'τὰ ἴδια…οἱ ἴδιοι', '1', '', 'Here, **his own** could refer to: (1) his own people, the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “his fellow Jews … his fellow Jews” (2) his own creation. Alternate translation: “the people he created … the people he created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '11', 'h13y', 'grammar-connect-logic-contrast', 'καὶ', '1', '', 'Here, **and** introduces a contrast between what was expected, that his own people would know their Messiah, and what happened, that his own people did not do that. Alternate translation: “but” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '11', 'va1w', '', 'αὐτὸν οὐ παρέλαβον', '1', 'receive him', 'Here, **receive** means to accept a person into one’s presence with friendliness. Alternate translation: “did not accept him” or “did not welcome him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '12', 'pvtl', 'figs-infostructure', 'ὅσοι δὲ ἔλαβον αὐτόν, ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν τέκνα Θεοῦ γενέσθαι, τοῖς πιστεύουσιν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'If it would be natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. You will also need to adjust some words to fit the new order. Alternate translation: “But as many as received him and believed in his name, he gave to them the authority to become children of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '12', 'ijje', '', 'ἔλαβον αὐτόν', '1', '', 'Here, **receive** means to accept a person into one’s presence with friendliness. See how you translated this word in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “accepted him” or “welcomed him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '12', 'w20o', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτόν', '1', '', 'Here, **him** and all singular third person pronouns in this verse refer to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '12', 'x4f9', '', 'ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν', '1', 'he gave the right', 'Here, the word translated **authority** means either the right or ability to do something. Alternate translation: “he gave to them the right” or “he made it possible for them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '12', 'uc6e', 'figs-metaphor', 'τέκνα Θεοῦ', '1', 'children of God', 'The word **children** is a metaphor that represents our relationship to God, which is like children to a father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '12', 'jp3y', 'figs-metonymy', 'πιστεύουσιν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ', '1', 'believed in his name', 'Here, **name** is a metonym that stands for Jesus’ identity and everything about him. Alternate translation: “believed in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '13', 'no4j', 'writing-pronouns', 'οἳ', '1', '', '**These** here refers to the children of God mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be misunderstood for your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “These children of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '13', 'ygxb', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐγεννήθησαν', '1', '', 'Here, **born** is used figuratively to describe God changing a person from being dead spiritually to being alive spiritually when they believe in Jesus. John recorded Jesus referring to this change as being “born again” in [3:3](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bornagain]]) If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an expression that indicates spiritual rebirth rather than physical birth. Alternate translation: “born spiritually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '13', 'k24g', 'figs-metaphor', 'οὐκ ἐξ αἱμάτων…ἐγεννήθησαν', '1', '', 'Here, **bloods** refers to the bloodlines or genetic contributions of both parents of a child. Alternate translation: “were not born from human bloodlines” or “were not born from human decent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '13', 'it6r', '', 'ἐξ', '1', '', 'Here, **from** could refer to any of the following: (1) the means by which God’s children are born. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “by” (2) the source from which God’s children are born. Alternate translation: “of” (3) the cause of the birth of God’s children. Alternate translation: “as a result of”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '13', 'jtjr', 'figs-ellipsis', 'οὐδὲ ἐκ θελήματος σαρκὸς', '1', '', 'John is leaving out some of the words that this phrase would need in many languages in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “nor were they born from the will of the flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '13', 'oj53', '', 'ἐκ', '1', '', 'Here, **from** could refer to any of the following: (1) the means by which God’s children are born. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “by” (2) the source from which God’s children are born. Alternate translation: “of” (3) the cause of the birth of God’s children. Alternate translation: “as a result of”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '13', 'kqdf', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐκ θελήματος σαρκὸς', '1', '', 'Here, John is using the term **flesh** figuratively to refer to a human being, which is made of flesh. Alternate translation: “from the human will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '13', 'jjyp', 'figs-ellipsis', 'οὐδὲ ἐκ θελήματος ἀνδρὸς', '1', '', 'John is leaving out some of the words that this phrase would need in many languages in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “nor were they born from the will of man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '13', 'v4t0', '', 'ἐκ', '2', '', 'Here, **from** could refer to any of the following: (1) the means by which God’s children are born. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “by” (2) the source from which God’s children are born. Alternate translation: “of” (3) the cause of the birth of God’s children. Alternate translation: “as a result of”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '13', 'pbur', '', 'ἐκ θελήματος ἀνδρὸς', '1', '', 'The term **man** used here refers specifically to an adult male person and may also be translated “husband.” In this verse it refers to a father’s desire to have a child like himself. Alternate translation: “from the will of a husband”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '13', 'bljo', 'figs-ellipsis', 'ἀλλ’ ἐκ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'John is leaving out some of the words that this phrase would need in many languages in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “but they were born from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '13', 'yo2q', '', 'ἐκ', '3', '', 'Here, **from** could refer to any of the following: (1) the means by which God’s children are born. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “by” (2) the source from which God’s children are born. Alternate translation: “of” (3) the cause of the birth of God’s children. Alternate translation: “as a result of”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '14', 'ft2l', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ λόγος', '1', 'The Word', 'Here, **the Word** refers to Jesus. It does not refer to a spoken word. ULT indicates this by capitalizing **Word** to indicate that this is a title for Jesus. Use whatever convention your language uses to indicate that this is a name. If “word” is feminine in your language, it could be translated as “the one who is called the Word.” See how you translated this in [John 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Jesus, the Word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '14', 'x1ae', 'figs-synecdoche', 'σὰρξ ἐγένετο', '1', 'became flesh', 'Here, **flesh** represents “a person” or “a human being.” Alternate translation: “became human” or “became a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '14', 'fais', 'figs-exclusive', 'ἡμῖν, καὶ ἐθεασάμεθα', '1', '', 'Here the pronouns **us** and **we** are exclusive, since John is speaking on behalf of himself and the other eyewitnesses to the earthly life of Jesus, but the people to whom he is writing did not see Jesus. So use exclusive forms here, if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '14', 'jo83', 'writing-pronouns', 'τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, **his** refers to Jesus, whom John has called “the Word” in the previous clause. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus’ glory” or “the Word’s glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '14', 'z37d', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, δόξαν', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate both occurrences of the abstract nouns **glory** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “his glorious character, the glorious character” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '14', 'x8l3', 'figs-explicit', 'μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός', '1', '', 'The phrase **the One and Only** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “of the One and Only from the Father, Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '14', 'wa23', '', 'μονογενοῦς', '1', 'the one and only who came from the Father', 'Here and throughout John’s Gospel, the phrase **the One and Only** is a title for Jesus that could refer to: (1) Jesus being unique as the only member of his kind. Alternate translation: “the Unique One” (2) Jesus being the only child of his Father. Alternate translation: “the Only Begotten One”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '14', 'zirk', '', 'παρὰ πατρός', '1', '', 'The phrase **from the Father** means that Jesus came from the presence of God the Father to the world. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “who came from the Father”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '14', 'b5t5', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'πατρός', '1', 'Father', 'This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '14', 'tg4m', 'figs-metaphor', 'πλήρης χάριτος καὶ ἀληθείας', '1', 'full of grace', 'Here, John uses **full of** figuratively to describe Jesus fully possessing a quality, as if grace and truth are objects that could fill a person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “fully possessing grace and truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '14', 'c3b4', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'πλήρης χάριτος καὶ ἀληθείας', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the abstract nouns **grace** and **truth** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “full of God’s gracious and faithful character” or “full of kind acts and true teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '15', 'xduu', '', 'Ἰωάννης μαρτυρεῖ περὶ αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “John testified about him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '15', 'ql6u', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, **him** refers to Jesus, whom John has called “the Word” in the previous verse. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “the Word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '15', 'qxgz', 'writing-quotations', 'καὶ κέκραγεν λέγων', '1', '', 'Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and has cried out, and he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '15', 'yfuv', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'οὗτος ἦν ὃν εἶπον, ὁ ὀπίσω μου ἐρχόμενος, ἔμπροσθέν μου γέγονεν, ὅτι πρῶτός μου ἦν.', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “This was the one of whom I said that he is coming after me who has become greater than me, for he was before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '15', 'k7rm', '', 'ὁ ὀπίσω μου ἐρχόμενος', '1', 'He who comes after me', 'Here, John is speaking about Jesus. The phrase **is coming after me** means that John’s ministry has already started and Jesus’ ministry will start later. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “He who starts his ministry after I have done so”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '15', 'q75h', '', 'ἔμπροσθέν μου γέγονεν', '1', 'is greater than I am', 'Here, **greater** refers to being more important or having having a superior position. Alternate translation: “is more important than I am” or “is superior to me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '15', 'lrd7', '', 'ὅτι πρῶτός μου ἦν', '1', 'for he was before me', 'Here, **before me** means that Jesus existed earlier in time than John. This does not mean that Jesus is more important because he is older than John in human years. Jesus is greater and more important than John because he is God the Son, who has always existed. Alternate translation: “for he existed before I was born”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '16', 'punh', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'ὅτι', '1', '', 'Here, John is using the word **For** to introduce the reason why he said that Jesus is “full of grace and truth” in verse [14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “We can say that Jesus is full of grace and truth because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '16', 'iriv', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, **his** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '16', 'p3zg', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'τοῦ πληρώματος αὐτοῦ', '1', 'fullness', 'Here, **fullness** refers to the grace and truth which John said Jesus was full of in verse [14](../01/14.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the abstract noun **fullness** with an equivalent expression that says this explicitly. Alternate translation: “what he is full of” or “his full amount of grace and truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '16', 'vmyz', 'figs-exclusive', 'ἡμεῖς πάντες', '1', '', 'Here, **we** refers to John and all believers. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “all of we believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '16', 'yrg8', '', 'ἐλάβομεν καὶ χάριν', '1', '', 'Here, **even** indicates that “grace after grace” explains what “his fullness” means. Alternate translation: “have received, that is, grace” or “have received, namely, grace”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '16', 'b9r1', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος', '1', 'grace after grace', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate both occurrences of the abstract noun **grace** here with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “kind act after kind act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '16', 'avst', '', 'χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος', '1', '', 'Here, **after** could mean: (1) the second “grace” replaces the first “grace,” which is the most common use for this word. This meaning could indicate that the first “grace” refers to “the law” and the second “grace” refers to “Grace and truth” in the next verse. Alternate translation: “grace in place of grace” or “grace instead of grace” (2) the second “grace” is in addition to the first “grace.” Alternate translation: “grace in addition to” or “grace upon grace”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '17', 'iata', 'grammar-connect-logic-contrast', 'ὁ νόμος διὰ Μωϋσέως ἐδόθη, ἡ χάρις καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐγένετο', '1', '', 'John placed the two sentences in this verse next to each other without any connecting word in order to show a contrast between the law of Moses and the grace and truth of Jesus. This does not mean that the law of Moses did not have grace and truth. Rather, John is indicating that the grace and truth revealed by Jesus is more complete than that revealed in the law of Moses. Although God revealed himself and his will through the law of Moses, he did so much more clearly though Jesus, who is God in human form. Alternate translation: “the law was given through Moses. But grace and truth came about through Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '17', 'xsbj', 'figs-activepassive', 'ὁ νόμος διὰ Μωϋσέως ἐδόθη', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form and indicate who did the action. Alternate translation: “God gave the law through Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '17', 'kup2', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'ὁ νόμος…ἐδόθη', '1', '', 'The word **law** is a singular noun that refers to the many laws and instructions that God gave to the Israelites. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you can use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the group of laws was given” or “God’s laws were given” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '17', 'wios', 'translate-names', 'Μωϋσέως', '1', '', '**Moses** is the name of a man, a prophet of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '17', 'vm1h', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'ἡ χάρις καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the abstract nouns **grace** and **truth** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “God’s gracious and faithful character” or “Kind acts and true teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '18', 'vf9q', '', 'μονογενὴς Θεὸς', '1', '', 'Here and throughout John’s Gospel, the phrase **the One and Only** is a title for Jesus that could refer to: (1) Jesus being unique as the only member of his kind. Alternate translation: “the Unique God” (2) Jesus being the only child of his Father. Alternate translation: “the Only Begotten God”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '18', 'r1la', '', 'μονογενὴς Θεὸς', '1', '', 'Here, **God** indicates that Jesus, who is called **the One and Only**, is God. If it would be misunderstood to you readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the One and Only, who is God”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '18', 'rflq', 'figs-idiom', 'ὁ ὢν εἰς τὸν κόλπον τοῦ Πατρὸς', '1', '', 'Here, **in the bosom of** is an idiom that refers to having a close and intimate relationship with someone. Alternate translation: “who is close to the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '18', 'h5cq', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τοῦ Πατρὸς', '1', 'Father', 'This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '18', 'kmqm', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἐκεῖνος', '1', '', 'Here, **that one** refers to Jesus in an emphatic way. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '18', 'zc8g', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἐξηγήσατο', '1', '', 'Here, **him** refers to God the Father. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '18', 'pmw5', '', 'ἐξηγήσατο', '1', '', 'Here, the word translated **has made him known** refers to making people know something by explaining or revealing it clearly. Alternate translation: “has explained him” or “has fully revealed him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '19', 't5pf', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῦ Ἰωάννου', '1', '', 'Here, John refers to Jesus’ cousin, often referred to as “John the Baptist.” (See: rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/johnthebaptist) It does not refer to the Apostle John who wrote this Gospel. If it would be misunderstood to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “of John the Baptist” or “of John the Immerser” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '19', 'e1dz', 'figs-synecdoche', 'ἀπέστειλαν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ἐξ Ἱεροσολύμων', '1', 'the Jews sent … to him from Jerusalem', 'Here, **the Jews** refers to the “Jewish leaders.” Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders sent … from Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '20', 'b7zz', '', 'ὡμολόγησεν καὶ οὐκ ἠρνήσατο, καὶ ὡμολόγησεν', '1', 'He confessed—he did not deny, but confessed', 'The phrase “he confessed” says in positive terms the same thing that **he did not deny** says in negative terms. This emphasizes that John was telling the truth and was strongly stating that he was not the Christ. Your language may have a different way of doing this. Alternate translation: “he strongly confessed” or “he solemnly testified”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '21', 'f926', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἠρώτησαν', '1', '', 'Here, **they** refers to “the Jews” mentioned in the previous verse. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say it explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Jews asked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '21', 'iv9d', '', 'τί οὖν?', '1', 'What are you then?', 'Alternate translation: “If you are not the Messiah, then who are you?”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '21', 'vk6r', 'translate-names', 'Ἠλείας', '1', '', '**Elijah** is the name of a man. **Elijah** was a prophet whom the Jews expected to return to earth shortly become the arrival of the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '21', 'h2dv', '', 'καὶ λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “And he said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '21', 'nhx9', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ προφήτης', '1', '', "Here, **the prophet** refers to a prophet the Jews were waiting for, based on God's promise to send a prophet like Moses which is recorded in Deuteronomy 18:15. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the prophet whom God promised to send to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])"]

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '22', 't8ib', 'writing-pronouns', 'εἶπαν…αὐτῷ', '1', '', 'Here, the pronouns **they** and **him** refer to the priests and Levites and John the Baptist, respectively. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the priests and Levites … John the Baptist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '22', 'wbd9', 'figs-ellipsis', 'τίς εἶ? ἵνα ἀπόκρισιν δῶμεν τοῖς πέμψασιν ἡμᾶς; τί', '1', '', 'John is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from the context and may require you to change the punctuation of the sentences. Alternate translation: “Who are you? Tell us so that we might given an answer to those who sent us. What” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '22', 'x8wz', 'figs-exclusive', 'δῶμεν…ἡμᾶς', '1', 'we may give … us', 'Here, **we** and **us** refer to the priests and Levites, not to John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '22', 'fmc8', '', 'ἵνα ἀπόκρισιν δῶμεν', '1', '', 'Alternate translation: “so that we might tell your answer”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '22', 'sa3t', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῖς πέμψασιν ἡμᾶς', '1', 'they said to him', 'This phrase refers to the Jewish leaders in Jerusalem. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to those leaders in Jerusalem who sent us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '23', 'a732', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἔφη', '1', 'He said', '**He** here refers to John the Baptist. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say it explicitly. Alternate translation: “John said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '23', 'x314', 'figs-quotemarks', 'φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, εὐθύνατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου', '1', '', 'In these phrases, John quotes from the book of Isaiah. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '23', 'baa5', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐγὼ φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ', '1', 'I am a voice, crying in the wilderness', 'Here, **voice** refers to the person who is crying out in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “I am the one calling out in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '23', 'p7kc', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'ἐγὼ φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, εὐθύνατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου', '1', '', 'This clause is a quotation within a quotation. John is quoting from the book of Isaiah, and Isaiah is quoting the words of the person calling out in the wilderness. It would be best to indicate that by punctuating this material as a second-level quotation, since Luke is quoting from Scripture. However, if your language does not put one direct quotation within another, you could translate this material as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “I am a voice crying out in the wilderness to make the way of the Lord straight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '23', 'iry1', 'figs-metaphor', 'εὐθύνατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου', '1', 'Make the way of the Lord straight', 'This is a figurative way of telling people to get ready to listen to the Lord’s message when it comes. They are to do this by repenting of their sins. Alternate translation: “Repent of your sins so that you will be ready to listen to the Lord’s message when it comes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '23', 'v1gi', 'translate-names', 'Ἠσαΐας ὁ προφήτης', '1', '', '**Isaiah** is the name of a man. He wrote the Book of Isaiah in the Bible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '24', 'bk96', 'writing-background', 'καὶ ἀπεσταλμένοι ἦσαν ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων', '1', 'Now some from the Pharisees', 'This is background information about the people who questioned John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '24', 'uq5b', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀπεσταλμένοι', '1', '', 'Here, **the ones** refers to the priests and Levites, as introduced in verse [19](../01/19.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the priests and Levites who had been sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '24', 'guqm', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἀπεσταλμένοι ἦσαν', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this in an active form. Alternate translation: “the ones whom the Jewish leaders sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '24', 'f4xj', 'figs-explicit', 'ἦσαν ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων', '1', '', 'This phrase could refer to: (1) the priests and Levites who had been sent. Alternate translation: “belonged to the Pharisees” (2) the leaders in Jerusalem who sent the priests and Levites. Alternate translation: “were sent from the Pharisees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '25', 's00c', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἠρώτησαν', '1', '', 'Here, **they** refers to the priests and Levites who had been sent from Jerusalem, as introduced in verse [19](../01/19.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the priests and Levites from Jerusalem asked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '25', 'v5sn', 'translate-names', 'Ἠλείας', '1', '', '**Elijah** is the name of a man. **Elijah** was a prophet whom the Jews expected to return to earth shortly become the arrival of the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '25', 'u7is', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ προφήτης', '1', '', "Here, **the prophet** refers to a prophet the Jews were waiting for, based on God's promise to send a prophet like Moses which is recorded in Deuteronomy 18:15. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the prophet whom God promised to send to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])"]

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '26', 'la26', 'figs-explicit', 'Ἰωάννης', '1', '', 'Here, John refers to Jesus’ cousin, often referred to as “John the Baptist.” (See: rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/johnthebaptist) It does not refer to the Apostle John who wrote this Gospel. If it would be misunderstood to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “John the Baptist” or “John the Immerser” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '26', 'aupp', 'writing-quotations', 'ἀπεκρίθη αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰωάννης λέγων', '1', '', 'Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “John answered them, and he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '27', 'x2ki', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ ὀπίσω μου ἐρχόμενος', '1', 'who comes after me', 'Here, John is speaking about Jesus. The phrase **coming after me** means that John’s ministry has already started and Jesus’ ministry will start later. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the one who starts his ministry after I have done so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '27', 'y7v5', 'figs-metaphor', 'μου…οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐγὼ ἄξιος, ἵνα λύσω αὐτοῦ τὸν ἱμάντα τοῦ ὑποδήματος', '1', 'me, the strap of whose sandal I am not worthy to untie', 'Untying sandals was the work of a slave or servant. These words are a metaphor for the most unpleasant work of a servant. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this plainly. Alternate translation: “me. I am not even worthy to untie the strap of his sandal” or “me, whom I am not worthy to serve in even the most unpleasant way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '28', 'r4ty', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Verse 28 tells us background information about the setting of the story recorded in [1:19-27](../01/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '28', 'u0iq', 'writing-pronouns', 'ταῦτα', '1', '', 'Here, **these things** refers to the events that were described in [1:19–27](../01/19.md). If it would be misunderstood to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “This conversation between John and the priests and Levites from Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '28', 'civp', 'translate-names', 'Βηθανίᾳ', '1', '', '**Bethany** is the name of a village. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '28', 'tfxy', 'translate-names', 'τοῦ Ἰορδάνου', '1', '', '**Jordan** is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '28', 'f5he', 'translate-names', 'πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου', '1', '', 'Here, **beyond the Jordan** refers to the region of Judea that is on the east side of the Jordan River, which is the side opposite from Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “on the side of the Jordan River opposite from Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '28', 'ryi1', 'figs-explicit', 'Ἰωάννης', '1', '', 'Here, John refers to Jesus’ cousin, often referred to as “John the Baptist.” (See: rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/johnthebaptist) It does not refer to the Apostle John who wrote this Gospel. If it would be misunderstood to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “John the Baptist” or “John the Immerser” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '29', 'bt67', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'τῇ ἐπαύριον', '1', '', '**The next day** here indicates that the events the story will now relate came after the event it has just described in [1:19–28](../01/19.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could show this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: “The day after John spoke with the priests and Levites from Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '29', 'aqo3', '', 'βλέπει…λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he saw … said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '29', 'fpj6', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἴδε', '1', '', 'John records John the Baptist using the term **Behold** to call his audience’s attention to what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '29', 'gi3s', 'figs-explicit', 'ἴδε, ὁ Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'The phrase **lamb of God** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Behold, Jesus, the Lamb of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '29', 'j397', 'figs-metaphor', 'Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', 'Lamb of God', 'Here, John uses a metaphor to refer to Jesus as God’s perfect sacrifice. (See: rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lamb) Since this is an important title for Jesus, we recommend that you translate the words directly and not provide a non-figurative explanation in the text of your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '29', 'cgxj', 'figs-metaphor', 'ὁ αἴρων', '1', '', 'Here, John speaks figuratively of forgiving sin as if sin were an object that Jesus is **taking away**. If it would be more natural in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “who is forgiving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '29', 'rg4n', 'figs-metonymy', 'τοῦ κόσμου', '1', 'world', 'The word **world** is a metonym and refers to all the people in the world. Alternate translation: “those who live in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '30', 'x393', '', 'ὀπίσω μου ἔρχεται ἀνὴρ, ὃς ἔμπροσθέν μου γέγονεν, ὅτι πρῶτός μου ἦν.', '1', 'The one who comes after me is more than me, for he was before me', 'See how you translated this in verse [15](../01/15.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '31', 'himw', 'writing-pronouns', 'κἀγὼ οὐκ ᾔδειν αὐτόν', '1', '', 'Here, **him** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “And I did not know Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '31', 'hb8e', 'figs-explicit', 'κἀγὼ οὐκ ᾔδειν αὐτόν', '1', '', "Here, John means that he did not know previously that Jesus was the Messiah. It does not mean that he didn't know who Jesus was, because Jesus was his cousin. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “And I did not know that he was the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])"]

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '31', 'dr02', 'figs-doublet', 'ἵνα φανερωθῇ τῷ Ἰσραὴλ διὰ τοῦτο', '1', '', 'Here, John uses the redundant words **so that** and **because of this** to emphasize the reason why he was baptizing people. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine these phrases and indicate the emphasis. Alternate translation: “for the exact purpose that he might be revealed to Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '31', 'c6q5', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'ἵνα φανερωθῇ', '1', '', 'Here, **so that** indicates the purpose for which John was baptizing people. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of revealing him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '31', 's9dj', 'figs-metonymy', 'τῷ Ἰσραὴλ', '1', '', 'Here, John used the name of the nation, **Israel**, to represent the people who belong to that nation. Alternate translation: “to the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '31', 'jr9r', 'writing-pronouns', 'διὰ τοῦτο', '1', '', 'Here, **this** refers to the revealing of the Messiah to Israel that is mentioned in the previous clause. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “because he might be revealed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '32', 'mcc7', 'writing-quotations', 'ἐμαρτύρησεν Ἰωάννης λέγων', '1', 'descending', 'Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “John testified, and he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '32', 'xyr3', 'figs-simile', 'ὡς περιστερὰν', '1', 'like a dove', 'This phrase is a simile. As Luke 3:22 makes clear, the Holy Spirit came down with an appearance that resembled a **dove**. Alternate translation: “resembling a dove” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '32', 'uji2', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἐπ’ αὐτόν', '1', 'heaven', 'Here, **him** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “upon Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '33', 'y1bb', 'figs-explicit', 'κἀγὼ οὐκ ᾔδειν αὐτόν', '1', '', "Here, John means that he did not know previously that Jesus was the Messiah. It does not mean that he didn't recognize who Jesus was when he saw him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “And I did not recognize that he was the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])"]

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '33', 'ccys', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ πέμψας με βαπτίζειν ἐν ὕδατι, ἐκεῖνός', '1', '', 'Here, the phrases **the one who sent me** and **that one** both refer to God. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “God, who sent me to baptize in water, he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '33', 'x8lb', 'figs-metaphor', 'οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ βαπτίζων ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ', '1', '', 'John is using literal baptism, which puts a person under water, to speak figuratively of spiritual baptism, which puts people under the influence of the Holy Spirit, who purifies them. Alternate translation: “he is the one who will put you under the influence of the Holy Spirit, who will purify you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '34', 'wzc9', 'writing-pronouns', 'οὗτός', '1', '', 'Here, **this** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “this Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '34', 'ea3y', 'translate-textvariants', 'ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', 'the Son of God', 'Although most copies of this text say **Son of God**, some say “chosen one of God” or “chosen Son of God.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the phrase it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to follow the example of the ULT. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '34', 'naf2', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', 'Son of God', 'This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '35', 'i3lg', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'τῇ ἐπαύριον πάλιν', '1', 'Again, the next day', '**The next day** here indicates that the events the story will now relate came after the event it has just described in [1:29–34](../01/29.md). John saw Jesus two days after his conversation with the priests and Levites that is described in verses [19–28](../01/19.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could show this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: “Two days after John spoke with the priests and Levites from Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '36', 'kuol', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '36', 'ntaw', 'figs-explicit', 'ἴδε, ὁ Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'The phrase lamb of God refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Behold, Jesus, the Lamb of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '36', 't2yx', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἴδε', '1', '', 'John records John the Baptist using the term **Behold** to call his audience’s attention to what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '36', 'ap5m', 'figs-metaphor', 'Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', 'Lamb of God', 'Here, John uses a metaphor to refer to Jesus as God’s perfect sacrifice. (See: rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lamb) See how you translated this same phrase in [John 1:29](../01/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '37', 'v5be', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἤκουσαν οἱ δύο μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, **his** and **him** refer to John the Baptist. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “John’s two disciples heard him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '38', 'a8bg', 'writing-pronouns', 'θεασάμενος αὐτοὺς', '1', '', 'Here, **them** refers to the two disciples John the Baptist who were mentioned in the previous verse. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “having seen John’s two disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '38', 'hlee', 'figs-ellipsis', 'θεασάμενος αὐτοὺς ἀκολουθοῦντας', '1', '', 'Here, John is leaving out a word that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could supply this word from the context. Alternate translation: “having seen them following him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '38', 'qxej', '', 'λέγει αὐτοῖς', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said to them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '38', 'kkey', '', 'ποῦ μένεις', '1', '', 'Alternate translation: “where are you spending the night”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '38', 'so66', 'figs-explicit', 'ποῦ μένεις', '1', '', 'This question is the answer to the question Jesus just asked in the previous sentence. It is a way for the two men to imply that they would like to have a private conversation with Jesus at the place where he was staying. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “where are you staying? We would like to speak with you privately.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '39', 'lio4', '', 'λέγει αὐτοῖς…μένει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “He said to them … he was staying”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '39', 'k5m2', '', 'μένει', '1', '', 'See how you translated this in the previous verse.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '39', 'ydqg', 'figs-explicit', 'τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην', '1', '', 'Here, **that day** refers to the day the two disciples left John the Baptist to follow Jesus, as indicated in verse [35](../01/35.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the same day that they left John” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '39', 'tb9j', '', 'ὥρα…δεκάτη', '1', 'tenth hour', 'In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. Here, **the tenth hour** indicates a time in the late afternoon, before dark, at which it would be too late to start traveling to another town. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “about 4:00 PM”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '40', 'x8g8', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Verses [40–42] give background information about Andrew and how he brought his brother Peter to Jesus.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '40', 'f6b9', 'figs-explicit', 'Ἰωάννου', '1', '', 'Here, John refers to Jesus’ cousin, often referred to as “John the Baptist.” (See: rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/johnthebaptist) It does not refer to the Apostle John who wrote this Gospel. If it would be misunderstood to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “John the Baptist” or “John the Immerser” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '40', 'q0bp', 'translate-names', 'Ἀνδρέας…Σίμωνος Πέτρου', '1', '', 'These are names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '40', 'jmyp', '', 'Σίμωνος Πέτρου', '1', '', '**Simon** was also called **Peter** by Jesus, as recorded in verse [42](../01/42.md). Alternate translation: “Simon, who is also called Peter”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '41', 'xpi4', 'writing-pronouns', 'οὗτος', '1', '', '**This one** here refers to Andrew, who was mentioned in the previous verse. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Andrew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '41', 'vfsj', '', 'εὑρίσκει…λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “found … said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '41', 'roca', 'translate-names', 'Σίμωνα', '1', '', 'These is the name of a man, Andrew’s brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '41', 'rxox', 'figs-activepassive', 'ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον, Χριστός', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express the meaning of the passive verbal form **is translated** with an active form. Alternate translation: “which means Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '41', 'ek1a', 'figs-explicit', 'ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον, Χριστός', '1', '', 'John assumes that his readers will know that he is saying what the title Messiah means when translated from the Aramaic language into Greek. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “which is ‘Christ’ in Greek” or “which is the Aramaic word for Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '42', 'xwc7', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἤγαγεν αὐτὸν', '1', '', '**He** here refers to Andrew and **him** refers to Simon. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Andrew brought Simon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '42', 'f5wo', 'writing-quotations', 'ἐμβλέψας αὐτῷ, ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν', '1', '', 'Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Jesus looked at him, and he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '42', 'k2dx', 'translate-names', 'υἱὸς Ἰωάννου', '1', 'son of John', '**John** is the name of a man. This is neither John the Baptist nor John the Apostle. **John** was a common name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '42', 'rstd', 'figs-activepassive', 'σὺ κληθήσῃ Κηφᾶς', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form and indicate who will do the action. Alternate translation: “People will call you Cephas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '42', 'pv4e', 'figs-explicit', 'Κηφᾶς', '1', '', '**Cephas** is a word in the Aramaic language that means “rock.” Here, Jesus uses the word as a name for Simon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Cephas, which means ‘rock’ in Aramaic” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '42', 't3n5', 'figs-activepassive', 'ὃ ἑρμηνεύεται, Πέτρος', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express the meaning of the passive verbal form **is translated** with an active form. Alternate translation: “which means Peter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '42', 'esly', 'figs-explicit', 'ὃ ἑρμηνεύεται, Πέτρος', '1', '', 'John assumes that his readers will know that he is saying what the name Cephas means when translated from the Aramaic language into Greek. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “which is ‘Peter’ in Greek” or “which is the Aramaic word for Peter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '43', 'cmi8', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'τῇ ἐπαύριον', '1', '', '**The next day** here indicates that the events the story will now relate came after the event it has just described in the previous. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could show this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: “The day after Andrew brought Simon to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '43', 'bhl6', 'translate-names', 'τὴν Γαλιλαίαν', '1', '', '**Galilee** is the name of a region. It occurs many times in this book. Alternate translation: “the region of Galilee” or “the region around Galilee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '43', 'qzfk', '', 'καὶ εὑρίσκει Φίλιππον, καὶ λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “and he found Philip and said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '43', 'uvby', 'translate-names', 'Φίλιππον', '1', '', '**Philip** is the name of a man, a disciple of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '43', 'ejkg', 'figs-idiom', 'ἀκολούθει μοι', '1', '', 'In this context, to **follow** someone means to become that person’s disciple. Alternate translation: “Become my disciple” or “Come, follow me as your teacher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '44', 'i5bm', 'writing-background', 'ἦν δὲ ὁ Φίλιππος ἀπὸ Βηθσαϊδά, ἐκ τῆς πόλεως Ἀνδρέου καὶ Πέτρου', '1', 'Now Philip was from Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter', 'This is background information about **Philip**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '45', 'm8j1', 'translate-names', 'Φίλιππος…Ναθαναὴλ…Μωϋσῆς…Ἰησοῦν…Ἰωσὴφ', '1', '', 'These are the names of five men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '45', 'faz3', '', 'εὑρίσκει Φίλιππος τὸν Ναθαναὴλ, καὶ λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “Philip found Nathaniel and said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '45', 'ci52', 'figs-ellipsis', 'οἱ προφῆται', '1', '', 'Here, John is leaving out a word that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could supply this word from the context. Alternate translation: “the prophets wrote about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '45', 'r31z', 'translate-names', 'Ναζαρέτ', '1', '', '**Nazareth** is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '46', 's2kg', 'writing-pronouns', 'εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ναθαναήλ', '1', 'Nathaniel said to him', 'Here, **him** refers to Philip. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Nathaniel said to Philip” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '46', 'i4wp', 'figs-rquestion', 'ἐκ Ναζαρὲτ δύναταί τι ἀγαθὸν εἶναι?', '1', 'Can any good thing come out of Nazareth?', 'Here, Nathaniel is using the question form for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “No good thing can come out of Nazareth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '46', 'shpn', '', 'λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Φίλιππος', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “Philip said to him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '47', 'e1ke', '', 'καὶ λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “and he said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '47', 'ka53', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἴδε', '1', '', 'John records Jesus using the term **Behold** to call his audience’s attention to what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '47', 'ys8d', 'figs-litotes', 'ἐν ᾧ δόλος οὐκ ἔστιν', '1', 'in whom is no deceit', 'Here, Jesus uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If this is confusing in your language, you can express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “a completely truthful man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '48', 'am5y', '', 'λέγει αὐτῷ Ναθαναήλ', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “Nathaniel said to him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '48', 'd1on', 'figs-explicit', 'πρὸ τοῦ σε Φίλιππον φωνῆσαι, ὄντα ὑπὸ τὴν συκῆν, εἶδόν σε', '1', '', 'Nathaniel’s reaction to this statement in the next verse indicates that this is a display of supernatural knowledge. It appears that Jesus knew something about Nathaniel that no one else could have known. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in some way. Alternate translation: “Before Philip called you, being completely alone under the fig tree, I saw you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '48', 'a0ym', 'figs-explicit', 'ὄντα ὑπὸ τὴν συκῆν', '1', '', 'The subject of this clause is Philip, not Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “while you were under the fig tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '49', 'l666', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', 'Son of God', 'This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '50', 'd53b', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'ὅτι εἶπόν σοι, ὅτι εἶδόν σε ὑποκάτω τῆς συκῆς, πιστεύεις?', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the result for the reason that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Do you believe because I said to you that I saw you underneath the fig tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '50', 'p3ma', 'figs-rquestion', 'ὅτι εἶπόν σοι, ὅτι εἶδόν σε ὑποκάτω τῆς συκῆς, πιστεύεις?', '1', 'Because I said to you … do you believe?', 'John records Jesus using the question form for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You believe because I said, ‘I saw you underneath the fig tree’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '50', 'fhzr', 'figs-ellipsis', 'πιστεύεις', '1', '', 'Jesus is leaving out some of the words that this phrase would need in many languages in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from the context. Alternate translation: “do you believe that I am the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '50', 'oubk', 'writing-pronouns', 'μείζω τούτων', '1', '', 'Jesus uses the plural pronoun **these** to refer to a general category of something, in this case the miraculous display of supernatural knowledge that took place in verse [48](../01/48.md). Alternate translation: “greater things than this category of thing” or “greater things that this kind of miracle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '51', 'byxy', '', 'καὶ λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “And he said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '51', 'ga44', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus repeats **Truly** in order to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. If your language does not use repetition in this way, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “What I am about to tell you is very true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '51', 'yuye', 'figs-you', 'λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus uses the plural form of **you** to indicate that he is speaking to all those who are with him at that moment. He is not only speaking to Nathaniel. If it would be misunderstood to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I say to all of you here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '51', 's28k', 'figs-explicit', 'ὄψεσθε τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνεῳγότα, καὶ τοὺς ἀγγέλους τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀναβαίνοντας καὶ καταβαίνοντας', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus refers to an event described in the Book of Genesis. While fleeing from his brother, Jacob had a dream in which he saw angels descending from and ascending to heaven. If it would be helpful to your readers who may not be familiar with the story, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “just as Jacob saw in his vision, you will see heaven opened, and the angels of God ascending and descending” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '51', 'ahj4', 'figs-123person', 'τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', '', 'Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “me, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '1', '51', 'z4a7', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', '', 'The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses it to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. See the discussion of this phrase in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. Alternate translation: “the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', 'intro', 'jav2', '', '', '0', '', '# John 2 General Notes

## Structure and formatting

1. Jesus’ first sign: he turns water into wine (2:1–12)
2. Jesus causes controversy in the Temple (2:13–22)
3. Jesus’ ministry in Jerusalem at Passover (2:23–25)

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Wine

The Jews drank wine at many meals and especially when they were celebrating special events. They did not believe that it was a sin to drink wine.

### Driving out the money changers

Jesus drove the money changers out of the temple to show that he had authority over the temple and over all of Israel. As the Son of God, it was his Father’s temple that was being used inappropriately for making money. Therefore, he had the authority to drive out those who were misusing the temple.

### “He knew what was in man”

Jesus knew what other people were thinking only because he was and is the Son of Man and the Son of God. As the Son of God, he had supernatural insight into what other people were thinking and could correctly judge their intentions.

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “His disciples remembered”

John used this phrase to stop telling the main historical narrative and to tell about something that happened much later. It was right after he scolded the sellers in the temple in ([John 2:16](../../jhn/02/16.md)) that the Jewish authorities spoke to him. It was after Jesus became alive again that his disciples remembered what the prophet had written long before and that Jesus was talking about the temple of his body ([John 2:17](../../jhn/02/17.md) and [John 2:22](../../jhn/02/22.md)).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '1', 'rl16', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jesus and his disciples were invited to a wedding. This verse gives background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '1', 'vw9e', 'writing-newevent', 'τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ', '1', 'Three days later', 'This time reference introduces a new event. The **third day** could refer to: (1) the third day from when Jesus called Philip and Nathaniel to follow him in [1:43](../01/43.md). According to the Jewish way of counting days, the first day would have been the day in [1:43](../01/43.md), making **the third day** occur two days afterward. Alternate translation: “two days after Jesus called Philip and Nathaniel” (2) the day after Jesus called Philip and Nathaniel to follow him in [1:43](../01/43.md). In this case, the first day would have occurred in [1:35](../01/35.md) and the second day in [1:43](../01/43.md). Alternate translation: “on the day after Jesus called Philip and Nathaniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '1', 'po3t', 'translate-names', 'Κανὰ', '1', '', '**Cana** is the name of a town in the region of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '2', 'xm3r', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἐκλήθη…καὶ ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν γάμον', '1', 'Jesus and his disciples were invited to the wedding', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state this in an active form. Alternate translation: “they also invited Jesus and his disciples to the wedding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '3', 'kt44', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '3', 'spbw', 'figs-declarative', 'οἶνον οὐκ ἔχουσιν', '1', '', 'John records Jesus’ mother using a declarative statement to give an indirect request. If this is confusing in your language, you can use a more natural form for a request. Alternate translation: “They ran out of wine. Could you do something to solve this problem?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '3', 'mge0', '', 'οἶνον', '1', '', 'Regarding the drinking of **wine** in Jewish culture, see the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '4', 'xo8k', '', 'λέγει αὐτῇ ὁ Ἰησοῦς', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “Jesus said to her”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '4', 'a2ji', '', 'γύναι', '1', 'Woman', '**Woman** here refers to Mary. If it is impolite for a son to call his mother “woman” in your language, you can use another word that is polite, or leave it out.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '4', 'jc75', 'figs-rquestion', 'τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί, γύναι?', '1', 'why do you come to me?', 'Jesus is using the question form for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Woman, this has nothing to do with me or you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '4', 'v5x5', 'figs-metonymy', 'οὔπω ἥκει ἡ ὥρα μου', '1', 'My time has not yet come', 'The word **hour** refers to the right occasion for Jesus to show that he is the Messiah by working miracles. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “It is not yet the right time for me to perform a mighty act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '5', 'd5wy', '', 'λέγει ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “His mother said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '6', 'y7p3', 'translate-bvolume', 'μετρητὰς δύο ἢ τρεῖς', '1', 'two to three metretes', 'A **metretes** was equivalent to about 40 liters. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express the quantity in modern measurements. Alternatively, to help your readers recognize that the biblical writings come from long ago when people used different measurements, you could express the amount using the ancient measurement, the metrete, and explain the equivalent in modern measurements in a footnote. Alternate translation: “80 to 120 liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '7', 'hv80', '', 'λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς,', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “Jesus said to them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '7', 'byc0', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτοῖς', '1', '', 'Here, **them** refers to the servants at the wedding. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to the servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '7', 'vt75', '', 'ἕως ἄνω', '1', 'to the brim', 'The **brim** is the top edge of the water pot. Alternate translation: “to the very top”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '8', 'xbw3', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '8', 'y52q', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτοῖς…οἱ δὲ ἤνεγκαν', '1', '', 'Here, **them** and **they** refer to the servants at the wedding. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to the servants … And the servants carried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '8', 'h9gr', '', 'τῷ ἀρχιτρικλίνῳ', '1', 'the head waiter', 'The term **head waiter** refers to the person in charge of the servants who served the food and drink at meals and feasts.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '9', 't0zb', '', 'ὁ ἀρχιτρίκλινος…ὁ ἀρχιτρίκλινος', '1', '', 'See how you translated this term in the previous verse.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '9', 'yg44', 'writing-background', 'καὶ οὐκ ᾔδει πόθεν ἐστίν, οἱ δὲ διάκονοι ᾔδεισαν, οἱ ἠντληκότες τὸ ὕδωρ', '1', 'but the servants who had drawn the water knew', 'John provides this background information about who knew where the wine came from in order to emphasize the veracity of this miracle. The head waiter did not know that the wine was originally water from the water pots. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '9', 'xfwq', '', 'φωνεῖ τὸν νυμφίον ὁ ἀρχιτρίκλινος', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “the head waiter called the bridegroom”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '10', 'qoch', 'figs-hyperbole', 'πᾶς ἄνθρωπος', '1', '', '**Every man** here is an exaggeration that refers to something being a common practice. If this is not clear in your language, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “A man usually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '10', 'vu60', 'figs-gendernotations', 'πᾶς ἄνθρωπος', '1', '', 'Here, **man** is used in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “Every person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '10', 'mh3s', 'figs-explicit', 'καὶ ὅταν μεθυσθῶσιν τὸν ἐλάσσω', '1', 'drunk', 'This means that guests were given the cheaper wine, which is of lower quality and inferior flavor, after their senses had been dulled by drinking too much alcohol and were thus unable to tell that it was inferior wine. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and the cheaper wine when they have become drunk and unable to discern the quality of the wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '11', 'sq53', 'writing-background', '', '0', '', 'In this verse, John provides background information about the events described in [2:1–10](../02/01.md). Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '11', 'ear7', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀρχὴν τῶν σημείων', '1', '', 'John wrote much about the miraculous **signs** Jesus did. Turning water into wine at the wedding is the first of those **signs**. See the discussion of **signs** in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. Alternate translation: “significant miracles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '11', 'r5kb', 'translate-names', 'Κανὰ', '1', 'Cana', '**Cana** is the name of a town in the region of Galilee. See how you translated this in verse [1](../02/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '11', 'z3tk', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'ἐφανέρωσεν τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ', '1', 'revealed his glory', 'Here, **glory** refers to the mighty power of Jesus that enabled him to do miracles. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this abstract noun with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “revealed his glorious power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '12', 'gw2f', 'writing-newevent', 'μετὰ τοῦτο', '1', '', '**After this** introduces a new event that happened some time after the events the story has just related. The story does not say how long after those events this new event happened. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Some time afterward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '12', 'mmkj', 'writing-pronouns', 'μετὰ τοῦτο', '1', '', 'Here, **this** refers to the what took place in Cana that was described in [2:1–11](../02/01.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “After Jesus’ first sign in Cana” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '12', 'ay2r', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτὸς καὶ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, **he** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '12', 'h9tu', '', 'κατέβη', '1', 'went down', 'This indicates that they went from a higher place to a lower place. Capernaum is at a lower elevation than Cana.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '12', 'x3f7', 'translate-names', 'Καφαρναοὺμ', '1', 'his brothers', '**Capernaum** is the name of a town in the region of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '13', 'xr29', '', 'ἀνέβη εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα', '1', 'went up to Jerusalem', 'This indicates that Jesus went from a lower place to a higher place. Jerusalem is built on a hill.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '14', 'sa75', 'figs-explicit', 'τοὺς πωλοῦντας βόας καὶ πρόβατα καὶ περιστερὰς', '1', 'sellers of oxen and sheep and pigeons', 'These animals were used for sacrifices in the temple. People were buying animals in the temple courtyard in order to sacrifice them to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those selling oxen and sheep and pigeons for people to sacrifice to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '14', 'qu9k', 'figs-explicit', 'κερματιστὰς', '1', 'money changers', 'Jewish authorities required people who wanted to buy animals for sacrifices in the temple to exchange their money for special money from the **money changers**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “people who exchanged money for special money approved for temple use” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '14', 'i8lv', 'figs-explicit', 'καθημένους', '1', 'were sitting there', 'The next verse makes it clear that these people are in the temple courtyard. That area was intended for worship and not for commerce. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “sitting in the temple courtyard that was intended for worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '15', 'x6et', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'καὶ', '1', 'So', 'Here John is telling his readers what Jesus did as a result of the commerce he saw going on in the temple. Alternate translation: “Consequently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '15', 'nn6y', 'writing-pronouns', 'πάντας', '1', '', 'Here, **them all** refers to the people selling the animals and the money changers. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “all the sellers and money changers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '16', 'h6qy', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸν οἶκον τοῦ πατρός μου οἶκον ἐμπορίου', '1', 'the house of my Father', 'Jesus uses **the house of my Father** to refer to the temple. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the house of my Father, which is the temple, a house of commerce” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '16', 'grg3', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τοῦ πατρός μου', '1', 'my Father', '**Father** is an important title that Jesus uses for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '17', 'c2pu', 'figs-activepassive', 'γεγραμμένον ἐστίν', '1', 'it was written', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state this in an active form. Alternate translation: “someone had written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '17', 'q91v', 'figs-explicit', 'γεγραμμένον ἐστίν', '1', '', 'This phrase introduces a quotation from the Old Testament. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly and designate which Old Testament author wrote this. Alternate translation: “it had been written in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '17', 'pvct', 'figs-yousingular', 'τοῦ οἴκου σου', '1', '', 'Here, **your** refers to God and is singular. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for God’s house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '17', 'ua3v', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῦ οἴκου σου', '1', 'your house', 'Here, **house** refers to the temple, which is often called God’s **house** in the Bible. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for your house, the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '17', 'gg1w', 'figs-metaphor', 'καταφάγεταί', '1', 'consume', 'Here, **consume** is used figuratively to refer to Jesus’ intense love for the temple, as if it was a fire that burned within him. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “will be intense within” or “will be like a fire that consumes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '18', 'r5rw', 'writing-pronouns', 'ταῦτα', '1', 'these things', 'Here, **these things** refers to Jesus’ actions against the animal sellers and money changers in the temple. (See the discussion of this event in the General Notes to this chapter.) If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “these disruptive activities in the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '19', 'mp6i', 'figs-imperative', 'λύσατε τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον, καὶ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερῶ αὐτόν', '1', 'Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up', 'This is an imperative, but it should be translated as introducing a hypothetical situation rather than as a command. Jesus is stating a hypothetical situation in which the event in the second clause would happen if the event in the first clause took place. In this case, Jesus would certainly **raise** the **temple** up if the Jewish authorities were to **destroy** it. Alternate translation: “If you destroy this temple, then in three days I will raise it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '19', 'of4u', 'figs-extrainfo', 'λύσατε τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον, καὶ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερῶ αὐτόν', '1', '', 'Here, John records Jesus using the words **Destroy** and **raise** figuratively to describe his killing and resurrection, as if tearing down and rebuilding a building. However, the Jewish leaders did not understand this and Jesus does not explain the metaphor to them. Therefore, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '20', 'qb4x', 'figs-rquestion', 'σὺ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερεῖς αὐτόν?', '1', '', 'Here, the Jewish leaders are using the question form for emphasis. They think that Jesus wants to tear down the temple and rebuild it in three days. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “you cannot possibly rebuild it in three days!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '21', 'g6jx', 'writing-endofstory', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Verses 21 and 22 are a comment John made about the story that was described in [2:13–20](../02/13.md). These verses tell about something that happened later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '21', 'b440', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἐκεῖνος δὲ ἔλεγεν', '1', '', 'Here, **that one** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “But Jesus was speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '22', 'oznm', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'οὖν', '1', '', '**Therefore** indicates that in this verse John is giving the result of Jesus making the statement in [2:19](../02/19.md). Alternate translation: “Because Jesus said this about his body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '22', 'jejg', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἠγέρθη ἐκ νεκρῶν', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form and say who did the action. Alternate translation: “God raised him from the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '22', 'nxug', '', 'ἐμνήσθησαν οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, John is speaking about something that happened long after the event described in the previous verses. See the discussion of this in the General Notes to this chapter.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '22', 'ewi1', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῦτο…τῷ λόγῳ ὃν εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς', '1', 'this statement', 'Here, **this** and **the word** refer back to Jesus’ statement in [2:19](../02/19.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “this statement about his body … the word about his body that Jesus had spoken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '22', 'gq2w', 'figs-genericnoun', 'τῇ Γραφῇ', '1', 'believed', 'Here, John is speaking of **the Scripture** in general, not of one particular book within the Bible. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '23', 'kvn6', 'writing-newevent', 'ὡς δὲ ἦν ἐν τοῖς Ἱεροσολύμοις', '1', 'Now when he was in Jerusalem', '**Now** here introduces a new event that happened some time after the events the story has just related. The story does not say how long after the previous events this new event happened. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Some time later” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '23', 'st3f', 'writing-pronouns', 'ὡς δὲ ἦν', '1', '', 'Here, **he** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '23', 'n807', '', 'ἐν τῷ Πάσχα ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ', '1', '', 'These two phrases could refer to: (1) two different parts of the festival, **the Passover** referring to the first day of **the festival**, and **the festival** referring to the Festival of Unleavened Bread that begins at Passover and was one week long. Alternate translation: “at the Passover, during the Festival of Unleavened Bread” (2) the same event. Alternate translation: “at the Passover Festival”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '23', 'w3qv', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐπίστευσαν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ', '1', 'believed in his name', 'Here, **name** represents the person of Jesus. Alternate translation: “believed in him” or “trusted in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '23', 'ipd6', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'θεωροῦντες αὐτοῦ τὰ σημεῖα', '1', '', 'Here, **seeing** indicates the reason why the people were believing in Jesus. These people had a superficial faith, only believing in Jesus because of the miracles he performed. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “because they saw his signs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '23', 'u65n', '', 'τὰ σημεῖα', '1', 'the signs that he did', 'See how you translated **signs** in [2:11](../02/11.md). See also the discussion of **signs** in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. Alternate translation: “significant miracles”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '24', 'cm49', '', 'οὐκ ἐπίστευεν αὑτὸν αὐτοῖς', '1', '', 'Although many people were believing in him, Jesus knew that their belief was superficial and only lasted as long as he performed miracles for them. Therefore, he did not trust them the way he trusted his true disciples. Alternate translation: “did not trust them as true disciples” or “did not believe their belief in him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '24', 'f2n7', 'figs-gendernotations', 'τὸ αὐτὸν γινώσκειν πάντας', '1', '', 'Here, the word **men** represents people in general. Alternate translation: “he knew all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '25', 'et23', 'figs-gendernotations', 'περὶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου…τί ἦν ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ', '1', 'about man, for he knew what was in man', 'Here, both instances of the word **man** represent people in general. Alternate translation: “about mankind … what was in mankind” or “about people … what was in people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '2', '25', 'lxro', 'figs-explicit', 'τί ἦν ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ', '1', '', 'This refers to the inner thoughts and desires of people, which some cultures refer to as “the heart.” (See the discussion of this in the General Notes to this chapter.) If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “what people think” or “the thoughts and desires people have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', 'intro', 'i7a7', '', '', '0', '', '# John 3 General Notes

## Structure and formatting

1. Jesus teaches Nicodemus about being born again (3:1–21)
2. John the Baptist testifies about Jesus (3:22–36)

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Light and Darkness

The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong, and to begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

### Born again

A major idea in this chapter is the spiritual new birth that Jesus says is necessary in order for someone to enter the kingdom of God [3:3–8](../03/03.md). Jesus also uses the following expressions to refer to being born again: “born from water and the Spirit” ([3:4](../03/04.md)) and “born from the Spirit” ([3:6,8](../03/06.md)). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bornagain]])

## Possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “Son of Man”

Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” twice in this chapter ([3:13–14](../03/13.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. See the discussion of this concept in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '1', 'yl6f', 'writing-newevent', 'δὲ', '1', '', '**Now** here introduces a new event that happened some time after the events the story has just related in the previous chapter. The story does not say how long after those events this new event happened. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Some time later” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '1', 's9p9', 'writing-participants', 'ἦν…ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων, Νικόδημος ὄνομα αὐτῷ,', '1', 'Now', 'Here, **there was a man** is used to introduce Nicodemus as a new character in the story. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new character. The phrase **from the Pharisees** identifies him as member of a strict Jewish religious sect. Alternate translation: “there was a man named Nicodemus, who was a member of a strict Jewish religious group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '1', 'fz6f', 'figs-explicit', 'ἄρχων τῶν Ἰουδαίων', '1', '', 'This phrase means that Nicodemus was a member of the Jewish religious leadership, specifically the Jewish council called the Sanhedrin which made decisions about Jewish law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/council]]) If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a member of the Jewish ruling council” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '2', 'sxo1', 'writing-pronouns', 'οὗτος', '1', '', '**This one** here refers to Nicodemus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Nicodemus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '2', 'n84a', 'writing-pronouns', 'πρὸς αὐτὸν', '1', '', 'Here, **him** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '2', 'skq8', 'figs-exclusive', 'οἴδαμεν', '1', 'we know', 'Here, **we** is exclusive. Nicodemus is only referring to himself and the other members of the Jewish council. Your language may require you to mark this form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '2', 'hxcr', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ ὁ Θεὸς μετ’ αὐτοῦ', '1', '', "Here, **with him** is used figuratively to refer to God's help. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “without God's help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])"]

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '3', 'nz18', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω σοι', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '3', 'svpx', 'figs-extrainfo', 'γεννηθῇ ἄνωθεν', '1', '', 'The phrase **born again** is a metaphor that refers to spiritual rebirth. See the discussion of this expression in the General Notes to this chapter. Nicodemus does not understand this metaphor and Jesus does not explain it to him in this verse. Therefore, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '3', 't8pt', '', 'γεννηθῇ ἄνωθεν', '1', 'born again', 'Here, the word translated **again** could also be translated as “from above.” It could refer to: (1) spiritual rebirth as a second birth that takes place in addition to physical birth. Alternate translation, as in the ULT: “would be born again” (2) spiritual rebirth as a birth that is caused by God, in which case “above” is a euphemism for God. Alternate translation: “would be born from above” (3) spiritual rebirth as both a second birth and a birth caused by God. See the discussion of John’s use of double meaning in Part 3 of the Introduction to this book. Alternate translation: “would be born again by God”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '3', 'i0ew', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἰδεῖν τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, **see** is used figuratively to refer to experiencing an event or state. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “to experience the kingdom of God” or “to participate in the kingdom of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '3', 'ikj9', 'figs-metaphor', 'τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', 'kingdom of God', 'This phrase is a metaphor for the rule of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]]) Alternate translation: “the place where God rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '4', 'z64b', '', 'λέγει πρὸς αὐτὸν', '1', 'a second time', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said to him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '4', 'wa1p', 'figs-rquestion', 'πῶς δύναται ἄνθρωπος γεννηθῆναι, γέρων ὤν?', '1', 'How can a man be born when he is old?', 'Nicodemus uses this question to emphasize that this cannot happen. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “A man certainly cannot be born again when he is old!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '4', 'yk9d', 'figs-rquestion', 'μὴ δύναται εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ δεύτερον εἰσελθεῖν καὶ γεννηθῆναι?', '1', 'He cannot enter a second time into his mother’s womb and be born, can he?', 'Nicodemus uses this question to emphasize his belief that a second birth is impossible. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “He surely cannot enter a second time into his mother’s womb!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '5', 'il52', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω σοι', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this is in [3:3](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '5', 'n6d7', 'figs-metaphor', 'γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ Πνεύματος', '1', 'born of water and the Spirit', 'The phrase **born from water and Spirit** could refer to: (1) spiritual birth that includes cleansing from sin and spiritual transformation by the Holy Spirit. In this case, Jesus’ words would be understood as a reference to Ezekiel 36:25–27, which Nicodemus would have been familiar with. Alternate translation: “would be born again by cleansing and the Spirit.” (2) physical birth and spiritual birth. Alternate translation: “would be born physically and spiritually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '5', 'e1dj', 'figs-metaphor', 'εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, **enter into** is used figuratively to refer to experiencing something. The meaning is similar to the meaning of “see” in [3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “to experience the kingdom of God” or “to participate in the kingdom of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '5', 'm37g', 'figs-metaphor', 'τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', 'enter into the kingdom of God', 'This phrase is a metaphor for the rule of God. See how you translated this in [3:3](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '6', 'gswx', 'figs-activepassive', 'τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this in an active form. Alternate translation: “What flesh has given birth to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '6', 'rru5', 'figs-metonymy', 'τῆς σαρκὸς, σάρξ ἐστιν', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus is describing human beings figuratively by referring to something associated with them, the **flesh** they are made of. The word **flesh** here does not refer to sinful human nature as it does in other verses in the New Testament. Alternate translation: “a human being is a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '6', 'v3g8', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τοῦ Πνεύματος', '1', '', 'Here, **the Spirit** refers to the Holy Spirit, who enables people to be born again. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “what has been born again by means of the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '6', 'lfg1', 'figs-explicit', 'πνεῦμά', '1', '', 'Here, **spirit** refers to the new spiritual nature that God gives a person when they are born again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bornagain]]) If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “a new spiritual nature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '7', 't2sl', 'figs-extrainfo', 'γεννηθῆναι ἄνωθεν', '1', '', 'See how you translated this in [3:3](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '8', 'p87y', 'figs-metaphor', 'τὸ πνεῦμα ὅπου θέλει, πνεῖ', '1', 'The wind blows wherever it wishes', 'The word translated **wind** can also mean spirit. Jesus here speaks figuratively of the Holy Spirit, as if he is **wind**. Just like people in Jesus’ time could not understand how the **wind** blew but could observe the effects of the wind, people cannot understand how the Holy Spirit works but can witness the effects of his work. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with a simile. Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit is like the wind that blows wherever it wants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '8', 'mxjc', '', 'οὕτως ἐστὶν', '1', '', 'This phrase connects this sentence with the previous sentence. In the same way that people cannot understand the wind but recognize its effects, people who are not born from the Spirit cannot understand those who are born from the Spirit but can recognize the effects of the new birth. Alternative translation: “So it is with” or “So it happens with”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '8', 'k9ay', '', 'ὁ γεγεννημένος ἐκ τοῦ Πνεύματος', '1', '', 'See how you translated this phrase in [3:6](../03/06.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '8', 'wh4z', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῦ Πνεύματος', '1', '', 'Here, **the Spirit** refers to the Holy Spirit, who enables people to be born again. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '9', 'g4ji', 'figs-rquestion', 'πῶς δύναται ταῦτα γενέσθαι?', '1', 'How can these things be?', 'This question could be: (1) a genuine question that shows that Nicodemus is confused. Alternate translation: “How are these things possible” (2) a rhetorical question Nicodemus uses to add emphasis to the statement. Alternate translation: “These things cannot be!” or “These things are impossible!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '9', 'phe2', 'writing-pronouns', 'ταῦτα', '1', '', 'Here, **these things** refers to all that Jesus had spoken in [3:3–8](../03/03.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “these things you have just told me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '10', 'gw2h', 'figs-rquestion', 'σὺ εἶ ὁ διδάσκαλος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ ταῦτα οὐ γινώσκεις', '1', 'Are you a teacher of Israel, and yet you do not understand these things?', 'Jesus is not asking Nicodemus a question in order to get information. He is using the question form for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You are a teacher of Israel, so I am surprised you do not understand these things!” or “You are a teacher of Israel, so you should understand these things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '10', 'gbu5', 'figs-you', 'σὺ εἶ ὁ διδάσκαλος…οὐ γινώσκεις', '1', 'Are you a teacher … yet you do not understand', 'The word **you** is singular and refers to Nicodemus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Are you, Nicodemus, the teacher … you do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '10', 'ljiy', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ διδάσκαλος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ', '1', '', 'Here, **the teacher** indicates that Nicodemus was recognized as a master teacher and religious authority in the land of Israel. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the renowned religious teacher in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '10', 'vx3u', 'writing-pronouns', 'ταῦτα', '1', '', 'Here, **these things** refers to all that Jesus had spoken in [3:3–8](../03/03.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. See how you translated this phrase is the previous verse. Alternate translation: “these things you have just told me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '11', 'jt1f', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω σοι', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this is in [3:3](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '11', 'upi7', 'figs-exclusive', 'ὃ οἴδαμεν λαλοῦμεν…τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἡμῶν', '1', 'we speak', 'When Jesus said **we** and **our** in this verse, he was not including Nicodemus. Jesus used these pronouns as a contrast to Nicodemus saying **we** in [3:2](../03/02.md). While Nicodemus used **we** to refer to him and the other Jewish religious leaders, Jesus could have been referring to: (1) himself and his disciples. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “my disciples and I speak what we know … our testimony” (2) himself and the other members of the Godhead. Alternate translation: “the Father, Spirit, and I speak what we know … our testimony” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '11', 'j1k1', 'figs-you', 'οὐ λαμβάνετε', '1', 'you do not accept', 'The word **you** is plural and could refer to: (1) the Jewish people in general. Alternate translation: “you Jews” (2) Nicodemus and his fellow Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “you Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '12', 'y4e9', 'grammar-connect-condition-fact', 'εἰ τὰ ἐπίγεια εἶπον ὑμῖν', '1', '', 'John records Jesus speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might misunderstand and think that what Jesus is saying is not certain, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Since I told you earthly things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '12', 'pt4x', 'figs-you', 'εἶπον ὑμῖν…οὐ πιστεύετε, πῶς ἐὰν εἴπω ὑμῖν…πιστεύσετε', '1', 'I told you … you do not believe … how will you believe if I tell you', 'Throughout this verse, **you** is plural and could refer to: (1) the Jewish people in general. Alternate translation: “you Jews” (2) Nicodemus and his fellow Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “you Jewish leaders” See how you translated this word in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '12', 'mf2x', 'figs-explicit', 'τὰ ἐπίγεια', '1', '', 'Here, **earthly things** refers to what Jesus had spoken in [3:3–8](../03/03.md). Those things are called **earthly** because they are about things that take place on earth. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “these truths about what takes place on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '12', 'c6ia', 'figs-rquestion', 'πῶς ἐὰν εἴπω ὑμῖν τὰ ἐπουράνια, πιστεύσετε?', '1', 'how will you believe if I tell you about heavenly things?', 'Here, Jesus uses a question to emphasize the disbelief of Nicodemus and the Jews. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “you certainly will not believe if I tell you about heavenly things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '12', 'dfqi', 'figs-explicit', 'τὰ ἐπουράνια', '1', '', 'Here, **heavenly things** refers to things that take place in heaven or are related to heaven. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “truths about what takes place in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '13', 'ld0m', 'figs-123person', 'ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς', '1', '', 'Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “me, the one who descended from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '13', 'ocj0', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', '', 'The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses it to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. See the discussion of this phrase in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. Alternate translation: “the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '14', 'tb3s', 'figs-simile', 'καὶ καθὼς Μωϋσῆς ὕψωσεν τὸν ὄφιν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ', '1', 'Just as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so must the Son of Man be lifted up', 'In this verse, John records Jesus comparing his crucifixion to Moses lifting up a bronze snake. John assumes that his readers will know that Jesus is referring to a story recorded in the Old Testament book of Numbers. In that story, the Israelites complained against God and God punished them by sending poisonous snakes to kill them. God then told Moses to make a bronze snake and raise it up on a pole so that whoever was bitten by one of the poisonous snakes and looked at the bronze snake would not die. You could indicate this explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers, particularly if they would not know the story. Alternate translation: “And just as Moses lifted up the bronze serpent on a pole when the Israelites were wandering in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '14', 'f9yi', 'figs-activepassive', 'ὑψωθῆναι δεῖ τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', 'in the wilderness', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state this in an active form and you could indicate who will do the action. Alternate translation: “it is necessary for people to lift up the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '14', 'savl', 'figs-123person', 'ὑψωθῆναι…τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', '', 'Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “me, the Son of Man, to be lifted up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '14', 'krir', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', '', 'See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '15', 'e9ls', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'ἵνα', '1', '', 'Here, **so that** indicates that Jesus is stating the purpose for which he would be crucified. In your translation, follow the conventions of your language for purpose clauses. Alternate translation (without a comma preceding): “in order that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '16', 'vg6z', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'γὰρ', '1', '', '**For** here indicates that Jesus is giving a reason why the statement in the previous two verses is true. Alternate translation: “This is true because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '16', 'h4ht', '', 'οὕτως…ἠγάπησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν κόσμον', '1', '', 'Here, **so** could refer to: (1) the manner in which God loved the world. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “God loved the world in this way” (2) the degree to which God loved the world. Alternate translation: “God loved the world so much” (3) both the manner in which and the degree to which God loved the world. For this interpretation, see the discussion of John’s use of double meaning in Part 3 of the Introduction to this book. Alternate translation: “in this way God loved the world so much”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '16', 'uxc2', 'figs-metonymy', 'τὸν κόσμον', '1', 'God so loved the world', 'Here, **world** refers to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “the people in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '16', 'jen2', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'ὥστε', '1', 'loved', 'Here, **that** introduces the result of what the previous clause stated. Alternate translation: “as a result” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '16', 'fqk7', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸν Υἱὸν τὸν μονογενῆ', '1', '', 'Here, **One and Only Son** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “his One and Only Son, Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '16', 'z8at', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸν Υἱὸν τὸν μονογενῆ', '1', '', 'Here and throughout John’s Gospel, the phrase **One and Only** is a title for Jesus that could refer to: (1) Jesus being unique as the only member of his kind. Alternate translation: “his Unique Son” (2) Jesus being the only child of his Father. Alternate translation: “his only begotten Son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '16', 'qpc9', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τὸν Υἱὸν τὸν μονογενῆ', '1', '', 'This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '16', 'xryx', 'writing-pronouns', 'εἰς αὐτὸν', '1', '', 'Here, **him** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '17', 'k8rf', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'γὰρ', '1', '', '**For** here indicates that Jesus is giving a reason why the statement in the previous verse is true. Alternate translation: “God gave his One and Only Son because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '17', 'b7vf', 'figs-parallelism', 'οὐ γὰρ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν Υἱὸν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, ἵνα κρίνῃ τὸν κόσμον, ἀλλ’ ἵνα σωθῇ ὁ κόσμος δι’ αὐτοῦ', '1', 'For God did not send the Son into the world in order to condemn the world, but in order to save the world through him', 'These two clauses mean nearly the same thing, said twice for emphasis, first in the negative and then in the positive. Use whatever form your language uses for emphasis. Alternate translation: “For God truly sent his Son into the world so that he might save it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '17', 'haut', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τὸν Υἱὸν', '1', '', 'This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '17', 'mjjg', 'figs-123person', 'τὸν Υἱὸν…δι’ αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If this is confusing in your language, you can use the first person. Alternate translation: “me … through me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '17', 'amqn', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸν κόσμον', '1', '', 'Here, **world** refers to the universe God created. It does not refer only to the people in the world or only to the earth. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the universe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '17', 'f5o9', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἵνα κρίνῃ', '1', '', 'Here, **he** refers to God. It does not refer to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “so that God might condemn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '17', 'zv1i', '', 'ἵνα κρίνῃ τὸν κόσμον', '1', '', 'The word translated **condemn** means to judge someone to be guilty and deserving of punishment. Alternate translation: “so that he might judge the world as guilty”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '17', 'ynyh', 'figs-metonymy', 'τὸν κόσμον…ὁ κόσμος', '2', '', 'Here, **world** refers to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “the people in the world … the people in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '17', 'kuow', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἵνα σωθῇ ὁ κόσμος', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form and indicate who did the action. Alternate translation: “so that God might save the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '17', 'exd0', '', 'δι’ αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'This phrase indicates the means by which God would save the world. Alternate translation: “by means of him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '18', 'zl5p', '', 'οὐ κρίνεται…ἤδη κέκριται', '1', '', 'The word translated **condemn** means to judge someone to be guilty and deserving of punishment. See how you translated it in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “is not judged as guilty … has already been judged as guilty”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '18', 'x14j', 'writing-pronouns', 'εἰς αὐτὸν', '1', '', 'Here, **him** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '18', 'tmz7', 'figs-activepassive', 'ὁ πιστεύων εἰς αὐτὸν οὐ κρίνεται', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form and indicate who did the action. Alternate translation: “God did not condemn the one who believes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '18', 't21p', 'figs-activepassive', 'ὁ δὲ μὴ πιστεύων, ἤδη κέκριται', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form and indicate who did the action. Alternate translation: “but God has already condemned the one who does not believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '18', 'ps4n', 'figs-metonymy', 'μὴ πεπίστευκεν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ μονογενοῦς Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, **name** stands for Jesus’ identity and everything about him. Alternate translation: “he has not believed in the One and Only Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '18', 'q8ku', '', 'τοῦ μονογενοῦς Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'Here and throughout John’s Gospel, the phrase **One and Only** is a title for Jesus that could refer to: (1) Jesus being unique as the only member of his kind. Alternate translation: “of the Unique Son of God” (2) Jesus being the only child of his Father. Alternate translation: “of the Only Begotten Son of God”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '18', 'eb54', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', 'Son of God', 'This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '19', 'z9d2', '', 'ἡ κρίσις', '1', '', 'Here, **judgment** could refer to: (1) a verdict a judge pronounces in a court trial. Alternate translation: “the verdict” (2) the reason for a condemning judgment. Alternate translation: “the basis for condemnation”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '19', 't9z5', 'figs-metaphor', 'τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον…ἢ τὸ φῶς', '1', 'The light has come into the world', 'Here, **light** is a metaphor for the revelation of God’s truth and goodness in Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. See how you translated it in those places where **the light** also refers to Jesus in the [1:7–9](../01/07.md). Alternate translation: “Jesus, who revealed the true and good things of God, has come into the world … than Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '19', 'gh4i', 'figs-123person', 'τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον…ἢ τὸ φῶς', '1', '', 'If your language does not allow people to speak of themselves in the third person, you may need to specify who **the light** is. Alternate translation: “I, the light, have come into the world … than me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '19', 'fvvg', 'figs-gendernotations', 'οἱ ἄνθρωποι', '1', '', 'Although the term **men** is masculine, John records Jesus using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '19', 'h4nk', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἠγάπησαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι…τὸ σκότος', '1', 'men loved the darkness', 'Here, **darkness** is a metaphor for what is false and evil. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. See the discussion of light and darkness in the General Notes for chapter 1. Alternate translation: “men loved evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '20', 'velv', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'γὰρ', '1', '', '**For** here indicates another reason why men love the darkness, as stated in the previous verse. People who do evil things hate the light. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “This is because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '20', 'bus8', '', 'πᾶς…ὁ φαῦλα πράσσων', '1', '', 'This phrase refers to someone who habitually does evil things. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “everyone who habitually does evil”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '20', 'cg3i', 'figs-metaphor', 'τὸ φῶς, καὶ…πρὸς τὸ φῶς', '1', '', 'Here, **the light** is a metaphor for the revelation of God’s truth and goodness in Jesus. See how you translated this word in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “Jesus, who revealed the true and good things of God, and … to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '20', 's49o', 'figs-123person', 'τὸ φῶς, καὶ…πρὸς τὸ φῶς', '1', '', 'If your language does not allow people to speak of themselves in the third person, you may need to specify who **the light** is. Alternate translation: “me, the light, and … to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '20', 'u25p', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἵνα μὴ ἐλεγχθῇ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ', '1', 'so that his deeds will not be exposed', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state this in an active form and say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “so that the light might not expose his deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '21', 'q77t', '', 'ὁ…ποιῶν τὴν ἀλήθειαν', '1', '', 'This phrase refers to someone who habitually does true things. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “everyone who habitually does the truth”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '21', 'kpb9', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'ὁ…ποιῶν τὴν ἀλήθειαν', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the abstract noun **truth** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the one who does true things” or “the one who does what is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '21', 'ud15', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸ φῶς', '1', '', 'Here, **the light** is a metaphor for the revelation of God’s truth and goodness in Jesus. See how you translated this word in the previous two verses. Alternate translation: “comes to Jesus, who revealed the true and good things of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '21', 'k8wr', 'figs-123person', 'ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸ φῶς', '1', '', 'If your language does not allow people to speak of themselves in the third person, you may need to specify who **the light** is. See how you translated this expression in the previous two verses. Alternate translation: “comes to me, the light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '21', 'l7ax', 'figs-activepassive', 'φανερωθῇ αὐτοῦ τὰ ἔργα', '1', 'plainly seen that his deeds', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state this in an active form and say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “the light might reveal his deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '21', 'de2j', '', 'ὅτι ἐν Θεῷ ἐστιν εἰργασμένα', '1', '', 'This clause indicates what the light will reveal about the deeds of those who come to the light. The phrase **in God** indicates that the works these people have done were done with God’s help and not by their own strength or effort. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that they have been done with God’s help”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '22', 'uy4j', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'μετὰ ταῦτα', '1', 'After this', 'This phrase indicates that what follows occurred after Jesus had spoken with Nicodemus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “After this conversation with Nicodemus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '23', 'm4yg', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ Ἰωάννης', '1', '', 'Here, John refers to Jesus’ cousin, often referred to as “John the Baptist.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/johnthebaptist]]) It does not refer to the Apostle John who wrote this Gospel. If it would be misunderstood to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “John the Baptist” or “John the Immerser” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '23', 'x1ge', 'translate-names', 'Αἰνὼν', '1', 'Aenon', 'This is the name of a town near the Jordan River close to Samaria. **Aenon** is the Aramaic word for springs of water, which explains John’s comment in the next clause about there being much water there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '23', 'e5v2', 'translate-names', 'τοῦ Σαλείμ', '1', 'Salim', 'This is the name of a town near the Jordan River close to Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '23', 'ukz2', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἐβαπτίζοντο', '1', 'were being baptized', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in an active form and say who was doing the action. Alternate translation: “John was baptizing them” or “he was baptizing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '24', 'v13x', 'figs-activepassive', 'οὔπω…ἦν βεβλημένος', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in an active form. You can also say who did the action, which is indicated to be Herod in Mark 6:17. Alternate translation: “Herod had not yet thrown”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '25', 'fuq2', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'ἐγένετο οὖν ζήτησις ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν Ἰωάννου', '1', 'a dispute', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the abstract noun **dispute** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “Then the disciples of John began arguing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '25', 'ft8r', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἐγένετο οὖν ζήτησις ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν Ἰωάννου μετὰ Ἰουδαίου', '1', 'Then there arose a dispute between some of John’s disciples and a Jew', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “Then John’s disciples and a Jew began to dispute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '25', 'qzq7', 'figs-explicit', 'Ἰωάννου', '1', '', 'Here, John refers to Jesus’ cousin, often referred to as “John the Baptist.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/johnthebaptist]]) It does not refer to the Apostle John who wrote this Gospel. If it would be misunderstood to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “of John the Baptist” or “of John the Immerser” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '26', 'uuvj', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἦλθον', '1', '', 'Here, **they** refers to John the Baptist’s disciples who were disputing in the previous verse. If it would be minunderstood in your language, you could say it explicitly. Alternate translation: “John’s disciples went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '26', 'cxy7', 'figs-explicit', 'ὃς ἦν μετὰ σοῦ πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου, ᾧ σὺ μεμαρτύρηκας', '1', '', 'This phrase refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus, who was with you beyond the Jordan, about whom you had testified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '26', 'jr28', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἴδε, οὗτος βαπτίζει', '1', 'you have testified, look, he is baptizing,', 'John the Baptist’s disciples used the term **behold** to call John’s attention to what Jesus was doing. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here. Alternate translation: “look! He is baptizing” or “see how he is baptizing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '26', 'j8di', 'figs-hyperbole', 'πάντες ἔρχονται πρὸς αὐτόν', '1', '', 'Here John the Baptist’s disciples use the word **all** as a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “it seems like everyone is going to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '27', 'kl21', 'figs-genericnoun', 'οὐ δύναται ἄνθρωπος', '1', 'A man cannot receive anything unless', 'John is speaking of people in general, not of one particular man. Alternate translation: “A person is not able” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '27', 'f818', 'figs-activepassive', 'ᾖ δεδομένον αὐτῷ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “heaven has given it to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '27', 'hap4', 'figs-metonymy', 'ᾖ δεδομένον αὐτῷ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ', '1', 'it has been given to him from heaven', 'Here, **heaven** is used figuratively to refer to God. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “it has been given to him by God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '28', 'l9yt', 'figs-you', 'αὐτοὶ ὑμεῖς', '1', 'You yourselves', '**You** here is plural and refers to all the people John is talking to. Alternate translation: “You all” or “All of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '28', 'p92u', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'ὅτι εἶπον, οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐγὼ ὁ Χριστός, ἀλλ’, ὅτι ἀπεσταλμένος εἰμὶ ἔμπροσθεν ἐκείνου', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “that I said that I am not the Christ but that I have been sent before that one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '28', 'nf9l', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἀπεσταλμένος εἰμὶ ἔμπροσθεν ἐκείνου', '1', 'I have been sent before him', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in an active form and say who did the action. Alternate translation: “God sent me before that one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '28', 'vguf', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἐκείνου', '1', '', 'Here, **that** refers to Jesus, whom John has called “the Christ” in the previous clause. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “the Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '29', 'p569', 'figs-metaphor', 'ὁ ἔχων τὴν νύμφην, νυμφίος ἐστίν…τοῦ νυμφίου…τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ νυμφίου', '1', 'The bride belongs to the bridegroom', 'Here, the words **bride** and **bridegroom** are used figuratively to refer to people who believe in Jesus and Jesus himself, respectively. Since these are important terms for Christians and for Jesus, we recommend that you translate the words directly and not provide a non-figurative explanation in the text of your translation. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate these words with similes. Alternate translation: “The one who is like one who has a bride is like a bridegroom … of the one who is like a bridegroom … of the voice of one who is like a bridegroom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '29', 'nd5o', 'figs-123person', 'ὁ δὲ φίλος τοῦ νυμφίου', '1', '', 'John the Baptist is referring to himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “But me, the friend of the bridegroom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '29', 'nfvx', 'figs-doublet', 'χαρᾷ χαίρει', '1', '', 'These words mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize how much joy John had because Jesus had come. Alternate translation: “rejoices greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '29', 'wkb8', 'figs-activepassive', 'αὕτη…ἡ χαρὰ ἡ ἐμὴ πεπλήρωται', '1', 'This, then, is my joy made complete', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state this in active form. Alternate translation: “I rejoice greatly” or “I rejoice with complete joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '29', 'hnw2', 'figs-123person', 'αὕτη…ἡ χαρὰ ἡ ἐμὴ', '1', 'my joy', 'Here, **my** refers to John the Baptist, the one who is speaking. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “this joy that I, John, have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '30', 'kn9s', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἐκεῖνον δεῖ αὐξάνειν', '1', 'He must increase', 'Here, **that one** refers to Jesus, whom John the Baptist called “the bridegroom” in the previous verse. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “It is necessary for Jesus to increase” or “It is necessary for the bridegroom to increase” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '30', 'u5e0', 'figs-metaphor', 'αὐξάνειν…ἐλαττοῦσθαι', '1', '', 'Here, **increase** is used figuratively to refer to growing in importance and influence, while **decrease** refers to diminishing in importance and influence. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “to be more influential … to be less influential” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '31', 'wu2j', 'figs-doublet', 'ὁ ἄνωθεν ἐρχόμενος, ἐπάνω πάντων ἐστίν…ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐρχόμενος, ἐπάνω πάντων ἐστίν', '1', '', 'These two phrases mean basically the same thing. John repeats himself to emphasize that Jesus is greater than every person and every thing. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine these phrases and include words that show emphasis. Alternate translation: “The one who comes from heaven is certainly above all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '31', 'qd7t', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ ἄνωθεν ἐρχόμενος, ἐπάνω πάντων ἐστίν…ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐρχόμενος, ἐπάνω πάντων ἐστίν', '1', 'He who comes from above is above all', 'Both of these phrases refer to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus, the one who comes from above, is above all things … Jesus, the one who comes from heaven, is above all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '31', 'ksp5', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἄνωθεν', '1', '', 'Here, **above** is used figuratively to refer to heaven, the place where God dwells. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '31', 'on9v', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐπάνω πάντων ἐστίν', '1', '', 'Here, **above** is used figuratively to refer to having superior status. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is superior to all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '31', 'mhk9', 'figs-123person', 'ὁ ὢν ἐκ τῆς γῆς, ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἐστιν', '1', 'He who is from the earth is from the earth and speaks about the earth', 'Here, John the Baptist is referring to himself in the third person, but the statement is also true for all humans other than Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “I, the one who is from the earth, am from the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '31', 'p05h', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἐστιν', '1', '', 'This phrase refers figuratively to having an earthly origin, which is the case for John the Baptist and every human being other than Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “originates from the earth” or “has an earthly origin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '31', 'ar7r', 'figs-metaphor', 'καὶ ἐκ τῆς γῆς λαλεῖ', '1', '', 'This phrase refers figuratively to speaking based on an earthly perspective, which is the perspective of John the Baptist and every human being other than Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and speaks from an earthly perspective” or “and speaks as someone from the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '31', 'yj2t', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐπάνω πάντων ἐστίν', '2', '', 'Here, **above** is used figuratively to refer to having superior status. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is superior to all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '32', 'c5yt', 'writing-pronouns', 'ὃ ἑώρακεν καὶ ἤκουσεν, τοῦτο μαρτυρεῖ…μαρτυρίαν αὐτοῦ', '1', 'He testifies about what he has seen and heard', '**He** and **his** in this verse refer to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus testifies about that which he has seen and heard … Jesus’ testimony” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '32', 'umek', 'figs-explicit', 'ὃ ἑώρακεν καὶ ἤκουσεν', '1', '', 'This phrase refers to what Jesus saw and heard while he was in heaven. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “which he has seen and heard in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '32', 'kqi1', 'figs-hyperbole', 'τὴν μαρτυρίαν αὐτοῦ, οὐδεὶς λαμβάνει', '1', 'no one accepts his testimony', 'Here, John the Baptist exaggerates to emphasize that only a few people believed Jesus. Alternate translation: “very few people receive his testimony” or “it seems like no one receives his testimony” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '33', 'k36d', 'figs-genericnoun', 'ὁ λαβὼν αὐτοῦ τὴν μαρτυρίαν', '1', 'He who has received his testimony', 'This phrase does not refer to a specific person, but to any person who does this thing. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Anyone who has received his testimony” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '33', 'ygba', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτοῦ τὴν μαρτυρίαν', '1', '', 'Here, **his** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus’ testimony” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '33', 'g5x4', 'translate-unknown', 'ἐσφράγισεν', '1', 'has confirmed', 'This expression refers to placing a seal on a document in order to certify that what is written in the document is true. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/seal]]) Here, this meaning is extended to refer to certifying that God is true. If your readers would not be familiar with this practice of sealing documents, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “has certified” or “has attested” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '34', 'rr83', 'figs-explicit', 'ὃν…ἀπέστειλεν ὁ Θεὸς', '1', 'For the one whom God has sent', 'This phrase refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus, whom God has sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '34', 'p9wt', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'γὰρ', '2', '', '**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why the previous sentence is true. We know that Jesus speaks the words of God because God has given him the Holy Spirit. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “We know this because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '34', 'bnx8', 'writing-pronouns', 'οὐ…δίδωσιν', '1', 'For he does not give the Spirit by measure', 'Here, **he** refers to God. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “God does not give” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '34', 'hmky', 'figs-ellipsis', 'οὐ…ἐκ μέτρου δίδωσιν τὸ Πνεῦμα', '1', '', 'John is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context, especially this discussion of God giving to his Son in the next verse. Alternate translation: “he does not give the Spirit to him by measure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '34', 'cdia', 'figs-litotes', 'οὐ…ἐκ μέτρου δίδωσιν τὸ Πνεῦμα', '1', '', 'This clause is a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If this is confusing in your language, you can express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “he certainly gives the Spirit without measure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '35', 'hmk4', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατὴρ…Υἱόν', '1', 'Father … Son', 'These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '35', 'ha4e', 'figs-idiom', 'πάντα δέδωκεν ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ', '1', 'given … into his hand', 'Here, giving **into his hand** means putting under his power or control. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “has given him control over everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '36', 'u1ks', 'figs-genericnoun', 'ὁ πιστεύων', '1', 'He who believes', 'This phrase does not refer to a specific person, but to any person who does this thing. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Anyone who believes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '36', 'ob32', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'εἰς τὸν Υἱὸν…τῷ Υἱῷ', '1', '', 'This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '36', 'hpte', 'figs-genericnoun', 'ὁ…ἀπειθῶν', '2', '', 'This phrase does not refer to a specific person, but to any person who does this thing. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Anyone who disobeys” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '36', 'joql', '', 'ὁ…ἀπειθῶν', '2', '', 'The word translated **disobeys** can also be translated “does not believe.” Alternate translation: “the one who does not believe”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '36', 'ni86', 'figs-metaphor', 'οὐκ ὄψεται ζωήν', '1', '', 'Here, **see** is used metaphorically to refer to experiencing or participating in something. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “will not experience life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '36', 'pzf5', 'figs-explicit', 'οὐκ ὄψεται ζωήν', '1', '', 'Here, **life** refers to eternal life, as indicated by the previous clause. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will not see eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '3', '36', 'zy7u', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ μένει ἐπ’ αὐτόν', '1', 'the wrath of God stays on him', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the abstract noun **wrath** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “God will continue to be angry against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', 'intro', 'j1hv', '', '', '0', '', '# John 4 General Notes

## Structure and formatting

1. Jesus leaves Judea for Galilee (4:1–6)
2. Jesus meets a Samaritan woman (4:7–14)
3. Jesus teaches the Samaritan woman about worship (4:15–26)
4. Jesus teaches his disciples about evangelism (4:27–38)
5. Jesus’ ministry in Samaria (4:39–42)
6. Jesus goes to Galilee (4:43–45)
7. Jesus’ second sign: he heals an official’s son (4:46–54)

[John 4:7–38](../04/07.md) forms one story centered on the teaching of Jesus as the “living water” who gives eternal life to all who believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])

## Special concepts in this chapter

### “It was necessary for him to pass through Samaria”

Jews avoided traveling through the region of Samaria because Jews and Samaritans were longtime enemies who hated each other. So Jesus did what most Jews did not want to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/samaria]])

### “an hour is coming”

Jesus used these words to begin prophecies about events that could be shorter or longer than sixty minutes. In such instances, “hour” refers to a point in time when something happens, not a set length of time. For example, “an hour … when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth” refers to the point in time when people begin to do so ([4:23](../04/23.md)).

### The proper place of worship

Long before Jesus came to earth, the Samaritan people had broken the law of Moses by setting up their own temple on Mount Gerizim in their land ([4:20](../04/20.md)). Jesus explained to the Samaritan woman that in the near future it would no longer be important where people worshiped ([4:21–24](../04/21.md)).

### Harvest

Harvest refers to the time when people go out to get the food they have planted so they can bring it to their houses and eat it. Jesus used this as a metaphor to teach his followers that they need to go and tell other people about Jesus so those people can be part of God’s kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])

### “The Samaritan woman”

John probably told this story to show the difference between the Samaritan woman, who believed, and the Jews, who did not believe and later killed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “in spirit and truth”

The people who truly know who God is and enjoy worshiping him for who the Bible says he is are the ones who truly please him. The place where they worship him is not important.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '1', 'jum6', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'John 4:1–6 gives the background to the next event, which is Jesus’ conversation with a Samaritan woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '1', 'ci4n', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'John 4:1–3 is one long sentence. It may be necessary in your language to divide this long sentence into several shorter sentences.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '1', 'b1vc', 'figs-infostructure', 'ὡς οὖν ἔγνω ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι ἤκουσαν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι, ὅτι Ἰησοῦς πλείονας μαθητὰς ποιεῖ καὶ βαπτίζει ἢ Ἰωάννης', '1', 'Now when Jesus knew that the Pharisees had heard that he was making and baptizing more disciples than John', 'If it would be natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “Now Jesus was making and baptizing more disciples than John. When he knew that the Pharisees had heard that he was doing this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '1', 'h6ek', 'writing-newevent', 'ὡς οὖν ἔγνω ὁ Ἰησοῦς', '1', 'Now when Jesus knew', '**Then** here introduces a new event that happened some time after the events the story has just related. The story does not say how long after those events this new event happened. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Some time later, when Jesus knew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '2', 'd4ng', 'figs-rpronouns', 'Ἰησοῦς αὐτὸς οὐκ ἐβάπτιζεν', '1', 'Jesus himself was not baptizing', 'Here, **himself** is used to emphasize that Jesus was not baptizing disciples, but his disciples were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '2', 'qz7h', 'figs-ellipsis', 'ἀλλ’ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, John is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “but his disciples were baptizing people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '3', 'op81', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἀφῆκεν', '1', '', 'Here, **he** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '3', 'dm2t', 'translate-names', 'τὴν Ἰουδαίαν…τὴν Γαλιλαίαν', '1', 'he left Judea and went back again to Galilee', 'These are two main regions in the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '4', 'tds9', 'translate-names', 'τῆς Σαμαρείας', '1', '', 'This is a region in the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '5', 'ukxr', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'ἔρχεται οὖν', '1', '', '**Then** here indicates that the events the story will now relate came after the event just described in verse [3](../04/03.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could show this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: “After leaving Judea, he comes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '5', 'ff7t', '', 'ἔρχεται', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he came”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '5', 'vqjm', 'translate-names', 'Συχὰρ', '1', '', 'This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '6', 'bd8s', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐκεῖ', '1', '', 'Here, **there** refers to the town of Sychar mentioned in the previous verse. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “there at Sychar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '6', 'vwdf', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'ὁ οὖν Ἰησοῦς', '1', '', '**Then** here indicates that the events the story will now relate came after the event just described in the previous verse. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could show this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: “When Jesus came to Sychar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '6', 'lovl', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'κεκοπιακὼς', '1', '', 'This clause indicates the reason why Jesus sat by the well. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “because he had grown weary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '6', 'mwi2', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'ἐκ τῆς ὁδοιπορίας', '1', '', 'This phrase indicates the reason why Jesus had grown weary. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “because of the journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '6', 'yjzo', '', 'ὥρα ἦν ὡς ἕκτη', '1', '', 'In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. Here, **the sixth hour** indicates a time in the middle of the day, when it would be the hottest. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. Alternate translation: “about 12:00 PM”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '7', 'kswz', '', 'ἔρχεται…λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “came … said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '7', 'g82d', 'figs-imperative', 'δός μοι πεῖν', '1', 'Give me some water', 'This is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Please give me to drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '7', 'urgd', 'figs-ellipsis', 'δός μοι πεῖν', '1', '', 'Here, John records Jesus leaving out a word that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could supply the word from the context. Alternate translation: “Give me something to drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '8', 'u29c', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'οἱ γὰρ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ ἀπεληλύθεισαν', '1', 'For his disciples had gone', 'This phrase indicates the reason why Jesus asked the woman for water. The disciples had gone away and brought the tools for drawing water with them, so that Jesus could not draw the water himself. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “because his disciples had gone away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '9', 'dpoh', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '9', 'l2qh', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτῷ', '1', 'Then the Samaritan woman said to him', 'Here, **him** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '9', 'xdw7', 'figs-rquestion', 'πῶς σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ὢν, παρ’ ἐμοῦ πεῖν αἰτεῖς γυναικὸς Σαμαρείτιδος οὔσης?', '1', 'How is it that you, being a Jew, are asking … for something to drink?', 'John records the woman using the question form for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate her words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “I cannot believe that you, being a Jew, are asking a Samaritan woman for a drink!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '9', 'px8w', '', 'οὐ…συνχρῶνται', '1', 'have no dealings with', 'Alternate translation: “do not associate with” or “have nothing to do with”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '10', 'redz', 'grammar-connect-condition-contrary', 'εἰ ᾔδεις τὴν δωρεὰν τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τίς ἐστιν ὁ λέγων σοι…σὺ ἂν ᾔτησας αὐτὸν', '1', '', 'Jesus is making a conditional statement that sounds hypothetical, but he knows that the condition is not true. He knows that the woman does not know the gift of God or who he is. Alternate translation: “You surely do not know the gift of God and who it is who is saying to you … Otherwise, you would have asked him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '10', 'i9eg', '', 'τὴν δωρεὰν τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, **the gift of God** refers to the “living water” that Jesus mentions at the end of the verse. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “God’s gift of living water”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '10', 'ed4r', 'figs-possession', 'τὴν δωρεὰν τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **gift** that comes from God. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the gift from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '10', 'oywu', 'figs-123person', 'τίς ἐστιν ὁ λέγων σοι…ᾔτησας αὐτὸν, καὶ ἔδωκεν', '1', '', 'Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “who I am who is saying to you … would have asked me, and I would have given” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '10', 'ua0b', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'ὁ λέγων σοι, δός μοι πεῖν,', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “who is asking you to give him a drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '10', 'zub5', 'figs-extrainfo', 'ὕδωρ ζῶν', '1', 'living water', 'The phrase **living water** usually refers to moving or flowing water. However, Jesus uses **living water** here figuratively to refer to the Holy Spirit who works in a person to save and transform them. However, the woman does not understand this and Jesus does not explain the metaphor to her in this verse. Therefore, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '11', 'pf7q', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '11', 'mw2b', '', 'κύριε', '1', '', 'The Samaritan woman calls Jesus **Sir** in order to show respect or politeness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lord]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '11', 'nwln', '', 'τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ ζῶν', '1', '', 'See how you translated this in the previous verse.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '12', 'di9q', 'figs-rquestion', 'μὴ σὺ μείζων εἶ τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἰακώβ, ὃς ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν τὸ φρέαρ, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἔπιεν, καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὰ θρέμματα αὐτοῦ?', '1', 'You are not greater, are you, than our father Jacob … cattle?', 'The woman is using the question form for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate her words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You are certainly not greater than our father Jacob, who gave us the well and drank from it himself, and his sons and his cattle!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '12', 'sj7n', 'figs-ellipsis', 'ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἔπιεν', '1', 'drank from it', 'Here, John records the woman leaving out a word that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could supply this word from the context. Alternate translation: “drank water from it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '13', 'leu7', '', 'διψήσει πάλιν', '1', 'will be thirsty again', 'Alternate translation: “will need to drink water again”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '14', 'udxp', 'figs-exmetaphor', 'ὃς δ’ ἂν πίῃ ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος οὗ ἐγὼ δώσω αὐτῷ, οὐ μὴ διψήσει…τὸ ὕδωρ ὃ δώσω αὐτῷ γενήσεται ἐν αὐτῷ πηγὴ ὕδατος, ἁλλομένου εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον', '1', '', 'Jesus speaks about receiving the Holy Spirit by continuing the metaphor of water. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this metaphor as a simile. Alternate translation: “but whoever is like one who drinks from the water that I will give him will be like one who never thirsts … the water that I will give him will become like a fountain of water in him, resulting in eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '15', 'vzoy', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '15', 'iz1p', '', 'κύριε', '1', 'Sir', 'The Samaritan woman calls Jesus **Sir** in order to show respect or politeness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lord]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '15', 'hd9f', '', 'ἀντλεῖν', '1', 'draw water', 'Here, **draw** refers to scooping water out of a well using a container that can hold water. Alternate translation: “get water” or “pull water up from the well”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '16', 'ii7c', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “He said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '17', 'h5pt', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '17', 'bg94', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'καλῶς εἶπας, ὅτι ἄνδρα οὐκ ἔχω', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “You have rightly said that you do not have a husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '18', 'zpl1', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῦτο ἀληθὲς εἴρηκας', '1', 'What you have said is true', '**This you have said** refers to the Samaritan woman’s statement in the previous verse that she did not have a husband. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “You have spoken the truth when you said you do not have a husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '19', 'tzs3', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '19', 'c2qi', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτῷ', '1', '', 'Here, **him** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '19', 'kfs1', '', 'κύριε', '1', 'Sir', 'The Samaritan woman calls Jesus **Sir** in order to show respect or politeness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lord]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '19', 'za2w', 'figs-metaphor', 'θεωρῶ ὅτι προφήτης εἶ σύ', '1', 'I see that you are a prophet', 'Here, **see** is used figuratively to refer to understanding something. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “I understand that you are a prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '20', 'hp3m', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ', '1', 'Our fathers', 'Here, **this mountain** refers to Mount Gerizim, the mountain where the Samaritans built their own temple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “here on Mount Gerizim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '20', 'keg4', 'figs-you', 'ὑμεῖς λέγετε', '1', '', 'The word **you** is plural and refers to the Jewish people. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you Jewish people say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '20', 'm27n', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ τόπος', '1', '', 'Here, **the place** refers to the Jewish temple, the place where God commanded his people to worship at that time. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Jewish temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '21', 'klz9', '', 'λέγει', '1', 'Believe me', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '21', 'tisq', '', 'γύναι', '1', '', 'Here, **woman** refers to the Samaritan woman. If it is impolite to call someone “woman” in your language, you can use another word that is polite, or leave it out.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '21', 'eccs', 'figs-explicit', 'ἔρχεται ὥρα', '1', '', 'Here, **hour** refers to a point in time when something happens. It does not refer to a 60-minute length of time. See the discussion of this in the General Notes to this chapter. Alternate translation: “a point in time is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '21', 'ff27', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατρί', '1', 'Father', 'This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '21', 'nu5m', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ', '1', 'you will worship the Father', 'Here, **this mountain** refers to Mount Gerizim. See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “here on Mount Gerizim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '22', 'guu4', 'figs-you', 'ὑμεῖς…οὐκ οἴδατε', '1', 'You worship what you do not know. We worship what we know', '**You** is plural in this verse and refers to the Samaritan people. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you Samaritan people … you all do not know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '22', 'c54u', 'figs-exclusive', 'ἡμεῖς…οἴδαμεν', '1', '', '**We** here is exclusive. Jesus is only referring to himself and the Jewish people. Your language may require you to mark this form. Alternate translation: “We Jewish people … we all know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '22', 'i2df', 'figs-explicit', 'ὅτι ἡ σωτηρία ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐστίν', '1', 'for salvation is from the Jews', 'The phrase **from the Jews** indicates that the Jewish people were the people group from which **salvation** came. This is true because the Savior Jesus was from the Jewish people. This phrase does not mean that the Jewish people themselves will save others from their sins. Alternate translation: “for salvation comes from among the Jewish people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '22', 'yj1y', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'ἡ σωτηρία', '1', 'salvation is from the Jews', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the abstract noun **salvation** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the way to be saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '23', 'bs1p', 'figs-explicit', 'ἔρχεται ὥρα', '1', '', 'Here, **hour** refers to a point in time when something happens. It does not refer to a 60-minute length of time. See the discussion of this in the General Notes to this chapter and see how you translated it in verse [21](../04/21.md). Alternate translation: “a point in time is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '23', 'k1gf', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τῷ Πατρὶ…ὁ Πατὴρ', '1', 'the Father', 'This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '23', 'fb51', '', 'ἐν πνεύματι', '1', 'in spirit and truth', 'Here, **spirit** could refer to: (1) the inner person, which is what a person thinks and feels. Alternate translation: “with their spirits” (2) the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “in the Holy Spirit”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '23', 'utt7', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀληθείᾳ', '1', 'in … truth', 'Here, **truth** refers to thinking correctly of what is true about God, which is revealed in the Bible. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in spirit and in accordance with God’s Word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '24', 'pfdv', '', 'ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀληθείᾳ', '1', '', 'See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '25', 'ip1u', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '25', 'lp44', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός', '1', 'I know that the Messiah … Christ', '**Christ** is the Greek translation of **Messiah**. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the one called Christ in the Greek language” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '25', 'ek2f', 'writing-pronouns', 'ὅταν ἔλθῃ ἐκεῖνος', '1', '', 'Here, **he** and **that one** refer to the Messiah. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “When the Messiah may come, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '25', 'u8nb', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐκεῖνος, ἀναγγελεῖ ἡμῖν ἅπαντα', '1', 'he will explain everything to us', 'The words **declare everything** imply all that the people need to know. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he will tell us all that we need to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '25', 'izgt', 'figs-exclusive', 'ἡμῖν', '1', '', 'When the woman said “us,” she was including who she was speaking to, so languages that have inclusive and exclusive forms of “we” and “us” would use the inclusive form in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '26', 'lvgs', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '26', 'rbgo', 'figs-123person', 'ὁ λαλῶν σοι', '1', '', 'Jesus is referring to himself in third person. If this is confusing in your language, you can use the first person form. Alternate translation: “I who am speaking to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '27', 'vk5j', '', 'ἐπὶ τούτῳ', '1', 'At that moment his disciples returned', 'Alternate translation: “at the time he said this” or “just as Jesus was saying this”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '27', 'p39j', 'figs-explicit', 'καὶ ἐθαύμαζον ὅτι μετὰ γυναικὸς ἐλάλει', '1', 'Now they were wondering why he was speaking with a woman', 'In the culture of that time, it was very unusual for a Jew to speak with a **woman** he did not know, especially if they were alone or if that woman was a Samaritan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and they were amazed that he was speaking alone with an unknown woman because people didn’t usually do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '27', 'cbc9', '', 'τί ζητεῖς?', '1', 'no one said, “What … want?” or “Why … her?”', 'This question could be spoken to: (1) Jesus. Alternate translation: “What do you want from this woman?” (2) the woman. Alternate translation: “What do you want from him?”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '28', 'f13n', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '28', 'iu9d', 'figs-gendernotations', 'τοῖς ἀνθρώποις', '1', '', 'Here, **the men** could refer to: (1) the men who lived in the nearby town and would have been working out in the fields at that time. Alternate translation: “to the men of the town” (2) the people who lived in the nearby town. Alternate translation: “to the people of the town” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '29', 'hb5h', 'figs-hyperbole', 'δεῦτε, ἴδετε ἄνθρωπον ὃς εἶπέ μοι πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησα', '1', 'Come, see a man who told me everything that I have ever done', 'The Samaritan woman exaggerates to show that she is impressed by how much Jesus knows about her. Alternate translation: “Come see a man who knows very much about me, even though I have never met him before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '29', 'dl18', '', 'μήτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός', '1', 'This could not be the Christ, could it?', 'This question is not a rhetorical question. The woman is not sure that Jesus is the **Christ**, so she asks a question that expects “no” for an answer. However, the fact that she asked the question instead of making a statement indicates that she is uncertain. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in a way that shows her uncertainty. Alternate translation: “Is it even possible that this is the Christ?”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '30', 'd4fu', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἐξῆλθον', '1', 'the disciples were urging him', '**They** here refers to the men or people from the town that the woman had spoken to. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Your translation will depend on how you translated “the men” in verse [28](../04/28.md). Alternate translation: “The men of the town went out” or “The nearby townspeople went out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '30', 'zd7g', 'writing-pronouns', 'πρὸς αὐτόν', '1', '', 'Here, **him** refers to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '31', 't6hy', '', 'ἐν τῷ μεταξὺ', '1', 'In the meantime', 'Alternate translation: “While the woman was going into town” or “During the time that the woman was in the town”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '31', 'z7wy', 'figs-imperative', 'Ῥαββεί, φάγε', '1', '', 'Here, **eat** is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Rabbi, please eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '32', 'j8h2', 'figs-extrainfo', 'ἐγὼ βρῶσιν ἔχω φαγεῖν', '1', 'I have food to eat that you do not know about', 'Here, Jesus uses the word **food** figuratively to refer to doing Gods will, as he states in verse [34](../04/34.md). However, his disciples do not understand this and Jesus does not explain the metaphor to them in this verse. Therefore, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '33', 'w451', '', 'μή τις ἤνεγκεν αὐτῷ φαγεῖν?', '1', 'No one has brought him anything to eat, have they?', 'The disciples think Jesus is literally talking about something **to eat**. They begin asking each other this question, expecting a “no” response. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in a way that shows their uncertainty. Alternate translation: “Is it even possible that someone brought him food to eat?”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '34', 'bnke', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '34', 'tvp1', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐμὸν βρῶμά ἐστιν ἵνα ποιήσω τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πέμψαντός με, καὶ τελειώσω αὐτοῦ τὸ ἔργον', '1', 'My food is to do the will of him who sent me and to complete his work', 'Here, Jesus uses **food** as a metaphor that represents obeying God’s **will**. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could say this with a simile. Alternate translation: “Like food satisfies a hungry person, doing the will of the one who sent me and completing his work satisfies me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '34', 'l64q', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῦ πέμψαντός με', '1', '', 'Here, **the one who sent me** refers to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “of God, the one who sent me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '35', 'u5d6', 'figs-rquestion', 'οὐχ ὑμεῖς λέγετε', '1', 'Do you not say', 'John records Jesus using the question form for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You surely say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '35', 'y5d7', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἰδοὺ', '1', '', 'John records Jesus using the term **Behold** to call the disciples’ attention to what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '35', 'coiv', 'figs-idiom', 'ἐπάρατε τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὑμῶν', '1', '', 'This phrase is a common idiom in the Bible that is used to describe the act of looking at something or direct one’s own attention toward something. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “look” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '35', 'tyw3', 'figs-metaphor', 'θεάσασθε τὰς χώρας', '1', 'look up and see the fields, for they are already ripe for harvest', 'Here, Jesus uses the word **fields** figuratively to refer to people. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with a simile or plainly. Alternate translation: “see these people who are like fields” or “see these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '35', 'oq29', 'figs-metaphor', 'λευκαί εἰσιν πρὸς θερισμόν ἤδη', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus uses the phrase **white for harvest** figuratively to say that people are ready to receive the message of Jesus, like fields that are ready to be harvested. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with a simile or plainly. Alternate translation: “they are like a field that is ready to be harvested” or “they are already ready to believe my message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '36', 'rd63', 'figs-exmetaphor', 'ὁ θερίζων…καὶ ὁ θερίζων', '1', '', 'Jesus continues to speak figuratively to describe people proclaiming and receiving his message. The act of **harvesting** crops is used figuratively to refer to the act of proclaiming Jesus’ message to those who are ready to receive it. You could express this metaphor as a simile in your translation. Alternate translation: “The one who is proclaiming the message to those who are being saved is like one who is harvesting … and the one who is like a harvester” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '36', 'qtf8', 'figs-exmetaphor', 'μισθὸν, λαμβάνει', '1', '', 'Jesus continues to speak figuratively to describe people proclaiming and receiving his message. Those who proclaim Jesus’ message are described as those who receive **wages** for their labor. Here, **wages** refers the joy those who proclaim the message will receive, as indicated by the last clause in this verse. You could express this metaphor as a simile in your translation. Alternate translation: “has great joy that is like wages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '36', 'qc31', 'figs-exmetaphor', 'καὶ συνάγει καρπὸν εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον', '1', 'and gathers fruit for everlasting life', 'Jesus continues to speak figuratively to describe people proclaiming and receiving his message. Jesus uses the phrase**fruit for eternal life** figuratively to refer to people who believe his message and are forgiven for their sins, so that they can have eternal life with God in heaven. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this as a simile. Alternate translation: “and the people who believe the message and receive eternal life are like the fruit that the one who is harvesting gathers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '36', 'nuku', 'figs-exmetaphor', 'ὁ σπείρων', '1', '', 'Jesus continues to speak figuratively to describe people proclaiming and receiving his message. The act of **sowing** seed is used figuratively to refer to the act of preparing people to receive Jesus’ message. You could express this metaphor as a simile in your translation. Alternate translation: “the one who is preparing people to receive the message is like one who is sowing seed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '37', 'w4xn', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐν…τούτῳ', '1', '', 'Here, **this** could refer to: (1) the statements in the rest of this verse and the next verse. Alternate translation: “regarding what I am about to say” (2) the statement in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “regarding what I have just said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '37', 'rqe7', 'figs-exmetaphor', 'ἄλλος ἐστὶν ὁ σπείρων', '1', 'One sows, and another harvests', 'Jesus continues to speak figuratively to describe people proclaiming and receiving his message. This is part of an extended metaphor in verses [35–38](../04/35.md). Here, **sowing** is used figuratively to refer to preparing people to receive the message of Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with a simile. Alternate translation: “One preparing people to receive the message is like one sowing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '37', 'eqwf', 'figs-exmetaphor', 'ὁ θερίζων', '1', '', 'Jesus continues to speak figuratively to describe people proclaiming and receiving his message. This is part of an extended metaphor in verses [35–38](../04/35.md). Here, **harvesting** refers to proclaiming the message of Jesus to those already prepared to receive it. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with a simile. Alternate translation: “the one proclaiming the message to those who are receiving it is like one harvesting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '38', 'cpob', 'figs-you', 'ὑμᾶς…ὑμεῖς…ὑμεῖς', '1', '', 'In this verse, **you** is plural and refers to the disciples whom Jesus is speaking to. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you who are my disciples … you … you disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '38', 'tu2y', 'figs-exmetaphor', 'ἐγὼ ἀπέστειλα ὑμᾶς θερίζειν', '1', '', 'Jesus continues to speak figuratively to describe people proclaiming and receiving his message. This is part of an extended metaphor in verses [35–38](../04/35.md). Here, **harvest** refers to proclaiming the message of Jesus to those already prepared to receive it. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with a simile. Alternate translation: “I sent you to successfully proclaim my message like those who harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '38', 'lq36', 'figs-explicit', 'ὃ οὐχ ὑμεῖς κεκοπιάκατε', '1', '', 'This phrase refers to those who received Jesus’ message when his disciples proclaimed it to them. Although the disciples did not prepare those people to receive the message, they enjoyed the benefits of seeing those people trust in Jesus for salvation. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those people whom you previously did not prepare to receive the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '38', 'fbcv', 'figs-explicit', 'ἄλλοι κεκοπιάκασιν', '1', '', '**Others** here refers to those people who prepared people to receive Jesus’ message before Jesus’ disciples successfully proclaimed that message to them. This would include Jesus, John the Baptist, and possibly the Old Testament prophets as well. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Others such as myself and the prophets have labored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '38', 'slw4', '', 'ὑμεῖς εἰς τὸν κόπον αὐτῶν εἰσεληλύθατε', '1', 'you have entered into their labor', 'Here, **entered into** means to join others or participate with others in doing something. Alternate translation: “you are joining in doing their work”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '39', 'nbcd', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐκ…τῆς πόλεως ἐκείνης', '1', '', 'Here, **that city** refers to the the Samaritan city of Sychar. If it would be misunderstood to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from Sychar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '39', 'qda3', 'figs-hyperbole', 'εἶπέν μοι πάντα ἃ ἐποίησα', '1', 'He told me everything that I have done', 'Here, **everything** is an exaggeration. The woman was impressed by how much Jesus knew about her. If this is not clear in your language, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “He told me many things that I have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '40', 'w3ck', 'writing-pronouns', 'πρὸς αὐτὸν…αὐτὸν…ἔμεινεν', '1', '', 'In this verse **him** and **he** refer to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to Jesus … Jesus … Jesus stayed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '41', 'qrj5', 'figs-metonymy', 'τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ', '1', 'his word', 'Here, **word** refers to the message that Jesus proclaimed. Alternate translation: “his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '42', 'u7ev', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἔλεγον', '1', '', 'Here, **they** refers to the Samaritans from Sychar. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the local Samaritans said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '42', 'ciyt', 'figs-exclusive', 'πιστεύομεν…ἀκηκόαμεν…οἴδαμεν', '1', '', '**We** throughout this verse refers to the Samaritan townspeople who came to Jesus apart from the Samaritan woman, so the pronoun would be exclusive. Your language may require you to mark this form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '42', 'fpdj', 'writing-pronouns', 'οὗτός', '1', '', 'Here, **this one** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “this man, Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '42', 'k4cz', 'figs-metonymy', 'κόσμου', '1', 'world', 'Here, **world** refers to everyone throughout the world who believes in Jesus. Alternate translation: “all the believers in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '43', 'n1mk', 'writing-newevent', 'μετὰ δὲ τὰς δύο ἡμέρας', '1', '', 'This phrase introduces a new event that happened after the events the story has just related. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “After he had spent two days in Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '43', 'u2e7', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἐξῆλθεν', '1', '', 'Here, **he** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus departed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '43', 'gj2f', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐκεῖθεν', '1', 'from there', 'Here, **there** could refer to: (1) the Samaritan city of Sychar. Alternate translation: “from Sychar” (2) the region of Samaria in general. Alternate translation: “from Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '44', 'ic94', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'γὰρ', '1', '', '**For** here indicates that this verse provides one reason why Jesus wanted to go to Galilee. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “He went to Galilee because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '44', 't1li', 'figs-rpronouns', 'αὐτὸς γὰρ Ἰησοῦς ἐμαρτύρησεν', '1', 'For Jesus himself declared', 'The reflexive pronoun **himself** is added to emphasize that Jesus had **testified** or said this. You can translate this in your language in a way that will give emphasis to a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '44', 'fx22', '', 'προφήτης ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ πατρίδι, τιμὴν οὐκ ἔχει', '1', 'a prophet has no honor in his own country', 'Alternate translation: “people do not show respect or honor to a prophet of their own country” or “a prophet is not respected by the people in his own community”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '44', 'syl9', '', 'ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ πατρίδι', '1', '', 'This could refer to: (1) the whole region of Galilee where Jesus came from. Alternate translation: “in the Galilee region where he was from” (2) the specific town Jesus grew up in, which is Nazareth. Alternate translation: “in his hometown of Nazareth”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '45', 'inup', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'ὅτε οὖν', '1', '', 'Here, **therefore** indicates that what follows is the result of what Jesus had testified in the previous verse. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “As a result of this being true, when” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '45', 'ews8', '', 'ἐδέξαντο αὐτὸν οἱ Γαλιλαῖοι', '1', '', 'Since this verse gives the result of Jesus saying in the previous verse that a prophet was not honored in his own country, it is important to indicate that welcoming Jesus was not the same as honoring him. They **welcomed him** because he did miracles, not because they honored him as a prophet. Alternate translation: “the Galileans only welcomed him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '45', 'lm4g', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'πάντα ἑωρακότες', '1', '', 'This clause indicates the reason why the Galileans welcomed Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “because they had seen all the things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '45', 'r65x', 'figs-hyperbole', 'πάντα ἑωρακότες', '1', '', 'Here, **all** is an exaggeration that refers to the Galileans having seen many of Jesus’ miracles. If this is not clear in your language, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “having seen many of the things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '45', 'v9la', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ…εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν', '1', 'at the festival', 'Here, **the festival** refers the Passover festival, as indicated in [2:12–25](../02/12.md). If it would be misunderstood to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “at the Passover festival … to the Passover” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '46', 'ffm3', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'οὖν', '1', 'Now', '**Then** indicates that the events the story will now relate came after the event it has just described. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could show this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: “After Jesus entered Galilee and the Galileans welcomed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '46', 'hg54', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἦλθεν', '1', '', 'In this verse **he** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '46', 'w3dy', 'translate-names', 'τὴν Κανὰ…Καφαρναούμ', '1', '', '**Cana** is the name of a town and **Capernaum** is the name of a city. Both were in the region of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '46', 'bp3w', 'writing-participants', 'καὶ ἦν τις βασιλικὸς', '1', 'royal official', 'This phrase introduces a new character in the story. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new character. The expression “royal official” identifies this man as a someone who was in the service of the king. Since he is a new participant, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could call him something like “a man who was a government official who served the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '47', 'brcf', 'writing-pronouns', 'οὗτος', '1', '', '**He** here refers to the royal official. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The official” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '47', 'p2nv', 'translate-names', 'τῆς Ἰουδαίας…τὴν Γαλιλαίαν', '1', '', 'These are two main regions in the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '47', 'eqga', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἤμελλεν', '1', '', 'Here, **he** refers to the royal official’s son. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the official’s son was about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '48', 'u73r', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'ἐὰν μὴ σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ἴδητε, οὐ μὴ πιστεύσητε', '1', 'Unless you see signs and wonders, you will not believe', 'This statement is a double negative. In some languages it is more natural to translate this statement in a positive form. Alternate translation: “Only if you see signs and wonders will you believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '48', 'hlts', 'figs-you', 'ἴδητε…πιστεύσητε', '1', '', 'The word **you** is plural in this verse. This means that Jesus was not only speaking to the royal official, but also to the other people who were there. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you all would see … you all would … believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '48', 'n3ot', 'figs-hendiadys', 'σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα', '1', '', 'This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **wonders** describes the character of Jesus’ miraculous **signs**. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “wonderful miraculous signs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '49', 'ui6f', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '49', 'y3vi', '', 'κύριε', '1', '', 'The royal official calls Jesus **Sir** in order to show respect or politeness. See how you translated this word in [4:11](../04/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lord]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '49', 'ycdt', 'figs-imperative', 'κατάβηθι', '1', '', 'This is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “please come down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '50', 'n5mo', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '50', 'cbtv', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ ἄνθρωπος', '1', '', 'Here, **the man** refers to the royal official who was introduced in verse [46](../04/46.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The royal official” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '50', 'uwa3', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐπίστευσεν…τῷ λόγῳ', '1', 'believed the word', 'Here, **word** refers to all that Jesus said to the man. It does not refer to one specific word that Jesus said. Alternate translation: “believed the words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '51', 'a5gw', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτοῦ', '1', 'While', 'In this verse **he**, **his**, and **him** refer to the royal official who was introduced in verse [46](../04/46.md). If it would be misunderstood to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the royal official” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '51', 'h5h4', 'figs-quotations', 'λέγοντες, ὅτι ὁ παῖς αὐτοῦ ζῇ', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express this as a direct quotation. You will also need to adjust the sentence to indicate whom they are speaking to. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘Your son lives’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '52', 'x2ta', 'figs-quotations', 'ἐπύθετο οὖν τὴν ὥραν παρ’ αὐτῶν ἐν ᾗ κομψότερον ἔσχεν', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express this as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “So he asked from them, ‘In what hour did he begin to improve?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '52', 'y2e9', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἔσχεν', '1', '', 'Here, **he** refers to the royal official’s son who was ill. If it would be misunderstood to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “his son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '52', 'qdye', '', 'ὥραν ἑβδόμην', '1', '', 'In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. Here, the seventh hour indicates a time in the middle of the day. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. Alternate translation: “about one o’clock in the afternoon”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '53', 'tlgi', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ πατὴρ', '1', '', 'Here, **the father** refers to the royal official who was introduced in verse [46](../04/46.md). If it would be misunderstood to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the royal official” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '53', 'qek2', 'figs-quotations', 'εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ὁ υἱός σου ζῇ', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Jesus had said to him that his son lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '53', 'jhg4', 'figs-rpronouns', 'ἐπίστευσεν αὐτὸς', '1', 'So he himself and his whole household believed', 'John uses the word **himself** to emphasize the importance of this event. Alternate translation: “that same royal official … believed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '54', 'k5x6', '', 'τοῦτο δὲ πάλιν δεύτερον σημεῖον ἐποίησεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς', '1', 'sign', 'This verse is a comment about the events described in [4:46–53](../04/46.md). John wrote much about the miraculous signs Jesus did. This is the second of those signs. Alternate translation: “That was the second sign Jesus did”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '4', '54', 'jvfs', '', 'σημεῖον', '1', '', 'See how you translated this term in [2:11](../02/11.md). See also the discussion of signs in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. Alternate translation: “significant miracle”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', 'intro', 'qe17', '', '', '0', '', '# John 5 General Notes

## Structure and formatting

1. Jesus’ third sign: he heals a paralyzed man (5:1–9)
2. Jewish leaders oppose Jesus’ ministry (5:10–18)
3. Jesus says he is equal with God (5:19–30)
4. Jesus’ witnesses are John the Baptist, Jesus’ works, God, and the Scriptures (5:31–47)

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Healing water

Many of the Jews believed that God would heal people who got into some of the pools in Jerusalem when the waters were “stirred up.” The man Jesus healed in this chapter was one of those people ([5:2–7](../05/02.md)).

### Testimony

In the Bible, a testimony is what one person says about another person. What a person says about himself is not as important as what other people say about that person. In this chapter, Jesus tells the Jews that God had told them who Jesus was, so he did not need to tell them who he was ([5:34–37](../05/34.md)). This was because God had told the writers of the Old Testament what his Messiah would do, and Jesus had done everything they had written that he would do ([5:44–47](../05/44.md)).

### The resurrection of life and the resurrection of judgment

In this chapter, Jesus mentions two resurrections, the resurrection of life and the resurrection of judgment ([5:28–29](../05/28.md)). Regarding the resurrection of life, God will make some people alive again and they will live with him forever because he gives them his grace. Regarding the resurrection of judgment, God will make some people alive again and they will live apart from him forever because he will treat them justly.

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### The Son, the Son of God, and the Son of Man

Jesus refers to himself in this chapter as the “Son” ([5:19](../05/19.md)), the “Son of God” ([John 5:25](../../jhn/05/25.md)), and the “Son of Man” ([5:27](../05/27.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])


### “Son of Man”

Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([5:27](../05/27.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. See the discussion of this concept in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '1', 'urn9', 'writing-background', 'μετὰ ταῦτα ἦν ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἰουδαίων, καὶ ἀνέβη Ἰησοῦς εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα.', '1', '', 'This is the next event in the story, in which Jesus goes up to Jerusalem and heals a man. These verses give background information about the setting of the story. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “After this Jesus went up to Jerusalem for a festival of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '1', 'ea65', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'μετὰ ταῦτα', '1', 'After this', 'This phrase indicates that what follows occurred after Jesus healed the royal official’s son. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “After Jesus healed the official’s son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '1', 'z4th', '', 'ἀνέβη…εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα', '1', 'went up to Jerusalem', '**Jerusalem** is located on the top of a hill. Therefore, roads to **Jerusalem** went **up**. If your language has a different word for going up a hill than for walking on level ground or going down a gill, you should use it here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '2', 'h3w5', '', 'κολυμβήθρα', '1', 'pool', 'This **pool** was a large manmade hole in the ground that people filled with water and used for bathing. Sometimes they lined these pools with tiles or stones.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '2', 'dt12', 'translate-names', 'Βηθζαθά', '1', 'Bethesda', 'This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '2', 'luz3', '', 'στοὰς', '1', 'roofed porches', 'These **porches** were structures with roofs that had at least one wall missing and were attached to the sides of buildings.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '5', 'r1gt', 'writing-participants', 'ἦν δέ τις ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖ', '1', '', 'This verse introduces the man lying beside the pool as a new character to the story. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '5', 'bez8', 'figs-explicit', 'ἦν…ἐκεῖ', '1', 'was there', 'Here, **there** refers to the pool called Bethesda in verse [2](../05/02.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “was at the Bethesda pool” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '6', 'w97q', '', 'λέγει αὐτῷ', '1', 'he said to him', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said to him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '7', 'aeu3', '', 'κύριε', '1', 'Sir, I do not have', 'The man calls Jesus **Sir** in order to show respect or politeness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lord]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '7', 'ny5f', 'figs-activepassive', 'ὅταν ταραχθῇ τὸ ὕδωρ', '1', 'when the water is stirred up', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in an active form and say who did the action. Verse [4](../05/04.md) indicates who the man believed was doing the action. Alternate translation: “when an angel moves the water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '7', 'kul6', '', 'εἰς τὴν κολυμβήθραν', '1', 'into the pool', 'See how you translated **pool** in verse [2](../05/02.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '7', 'u93g', '', 'ἄλλος πρὸ ἐμοῦ καταβαίνει', '1', 'another steps down before me', 'The man believed that only the first person to enter the water after the water stirred would be healed. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “another goes down before me and is healed”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '8', 'eqe4', '', 'λέγει αὐτῷ', '1', 'Get up', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said to him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '9', 'i4tk', 'writing-background', 'δὲ…ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ', '1', 'Now that day', 'John uses the word **Now** to show that the words that follow provide background information for a new event in the story that takes place in verses [10–13](../05/10.md). Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “On the day that Jesus healed the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '10', 'ja3x', 'figs-synecdoche', 'ἔλεγον οὖν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', 'So the Jews said to him who was healed', 'Here, **the Jews** refers to the Jewish leaders. It does not refer to the Jewish people in general. See how you translated this term in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “So the Jewish authorities said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '10', 'qydu', 'figs-activepassive', 'τῷ τεθεραπευμένῳ', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this in an active form and you could say who did the action, as is indicated in the previous verses. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “to the one whom Jesus had healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '10', 'xd9b', '', 'Σάββατόν ἐστιν', '1', 'It is the Sabbath', 'Your language might use an indefinite article rather than the definite article here, since the synagogue ruler is not speaking of a specific Sabbath. Alternate translation: “It is a Sabbath day”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '10', 'o8eq', 'figs-explicit', 'οὐκ ἔξεστίν σοι ἆραι τὸν κράβαττον σου', '1', '', 'Here, the Jewish leaders (who were probably Pharisees) said this because they thought that the man was doing work by carrying his mat, and so he was disobeying God’s command to rest and not work on the Sabbath. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “it is not permitted for you, according to our law, to carry your mat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '11', 'en3v', '', 'ὁ ποιήσας με ὑγιῆ', '1', 'He who made me healthy', 'Alternate translation: “The one who made me well” or “The one who healed me of my illness”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '11', 'kpkd', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'ἐκεῖνός μοι εἶπεν, ἆρον τὸν κράβαττόν σου', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “that one said to me to pick up my mat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '12', 'r7nx', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἠρώτησαν αὐτόν', '1', 'They asked him', '**They** here refers to the Jewish leaders and **him** refers to the man Jesus had healed. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The Jewish leaders asked the man who was healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '12', 'kryx', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'ὁ εἰπών σοι, ἆρον', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “who said to you to pick it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '13', 'qtsj', 'figs-activepassive', 'ὁ…ἰαθεὶς', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this in an active form and you could say who did the action, as is indicated in the previous verses. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “the one whom Jesus had healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '13', 'tijo', 'figs-ellipsis', 'τίς ἐστιν', '1', '', 'John is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “who it was who had healed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '13', 'sgx1', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'ὄχλου ὄντος ἐν τῷ τόπῳ', '1', '', 'This could refer to: (1) the reason why Jesus left secretly. Alternate translation: “because a crowd was in the place” (2) the time when Jesus left secretly. Alternate translation: “while a crowd was in the place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '13', 'qzpi', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'ὄχλου', '1', '', 'The word **crowd** is a singular noun that refers to a group of people. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you can use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a group of people” or “many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '14', 'rl0k', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'μετὰ ταῦτα', '1', '', 'This phrase indicates that what follows occurred after the Jewish leaders had spoken with the man who had been healed. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “After this conversation between the Jewish leaders and this man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '14', 'h1ri', '', 'εὑρίσκει αὐτὸν ὁ Ἰησοῦς', '1', 'Jesus found him', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “Jesus found him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '14', 'qo3z', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτὸν…αὐτῷ', '1', '', 'Here, **him** refers to the man whom Jesus had healed. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the healed man … that man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '14', 'h39z', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἴδε', '1', 'See', 'John records Jesus using the term **Behold** to call the man’s attention to what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '15', 'auad', 'figs-synecdoche', 'τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις', '1', '', 'Here, **the Jews** refers to the Jewish leaders. It does not refer to the Jewish people in general. See how you translated this term in [5:10](../05/10.md). Alternate translation: “to the Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '16', 'efg2', 'writing-background', 'καὶ διὰ τοῦτο, ἐδίωκον οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ὅτι ταῦτα ἐποίει ἐν Σαββάτῳ.', '1', 'Now', 'The writer uses the word **And** to show that the words this verse gives background information. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “Now the Jews began to persecute Jesus because he was doing these things on the Sabbath.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '16', 'ef9i', 'writing-pronouns', 'διὰ τοῦτο', '1', '', 'Here, **this** refers to what the man whom Jesus had healed told the Jewish leaders. The Jewish leaders began to persecute Jesus because he had healed the man on the Sabbath, which was something they believed was against the law of Moses. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “because Jesus had healed him on the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '16', 'kup5', 'figs-synecdoche', 'οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', 'the Jews', 'Here, **the Jews** is a synecdoche which represent the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “the Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '16', 'acn0', 'figs-explicit', 'ὅτι ταῦτα ἐποίει', '1', '', 'This phrase indicates a second reason why the Jewish leaders began persecuting Jesus. Here, **these things** refers to Jesus healing people on the Sabbath. The plural **things** indicates that he healed on the Sabbath multiple times, not just on the occasion recorded in verses [5–9](../05/05.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “because he was doing these healings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '16', 'f69o', '', 'ἐν Σαββάτῳ', '1', '', 'Your language might use an indefinite article rather than the definite article here, since the synagogue ruler is not speaking of a specific Sabbath. Alternate translation: “on a Sabbath day”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '17', 'ijd8', 'writing-pronouns', 'ὁ δὲ ἀπεκρίνατο αὐτοῖς', '1', 'is working', 'Here, **he** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “But Jesus replied to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '17', 'lq1v', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ Πατήρ μου', '1', 'My Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '18', 'zrmw', 'writing-pronouns', 'διὰ τοῦτο οὖν', '1', '', 'Here, **this** refers to what Jesus had said in the previous verse. One of the reasons why the Jewish leaders wanted to kill Jesus was that Jesus called God his Father. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Because Jesus said this, therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '18', 't5ze', 'figs-synecdoche', 'οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', '', 'Here, **the Jews** is a synecdoche which represent the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “the Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '18', 'jwmx', 'figs-idiom', 'ὅτι οὐ μόνον ἔλυε τὸ Σάββατον', '1', '', 'The phrase **breaking the Sabbath** is an idiom that means to disobey the regulations for the Sabbath that God gave in the law of Moses. The Pharisees added many regulations which they considered to be equal with those God had given. It was the additional Jewish regulations that Jesus was disobeying, thereby making the Jewish leaders very angry with him. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “because he not only was disobeying their Sabbath regulations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '18', 'kpkw', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατέρα', '1', '', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '18', 'n8bh', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ποιῶν τῷ Θεῷ', '1', 'making himself equal to God', 'This clause is the result of what Jesus had said in the previous clause. The result of Jesus calling God Father is that he was claiming to be equal with God. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the result being that he was making himself equal to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '19', 'f2qp', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'οὖν', '1', '', '**Therefore** indicates that what Jesus is about to say is a response to the accusations of the Jewish leaders that were mentioned in the previous verse. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Because the Jewish leaders had made these accusations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '19', 'xu0e', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτοῖς', '1', '', 'Here, **them** refers to the Jewish leaders who wanted to kill Jesus and made accusations against him in the previous verse. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to the Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '19', 'rr9q', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this in [1:51](../01/51.md). Alternate translation: “What I am about to tell you is very true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '19', 'c9in', 'figs-you', 'λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', '', 'Since Jesus is speaking to a group of Jewish leaders, **you** is plural here and through [5:47](../05/47.md). If your language does not have a different form for plural **you**, you can use another way to express it. Alternate translation: “I say to you Jews” or “I say to you all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '19', 'iuc7', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Υἱὸς…Πατέρα', '1', 'Son … Father', '**Son** and **Father** are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '19', 'x9sl', 'figs-123person', 'ὁ Υἱὸς…καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς…ποιεῖ', '1', 'whatever the Father is doing, the Son does these things also.', 'Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “I, the Son … I, the Son, do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '19', 'mc1f', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀφ’ ἑαυτοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, **from** is used to indicate the source of Jesus’ teaching and ability to do miracles. His teaching and miracles could only have authority if they came from God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “on his own authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '19', 'ymuo', 'figs-metaphor', 'τι βλέπῃ τὸν Πατέρα ποιοῦντα', '1', '', 'Here, see is used figuratively to refer to knowing something. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “what he would perceive the Father doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '20', 't3b4', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ…Πατὴρ…τὸν Υἱὸν', '1', 'For the Father loves the Son', '**Father** and **Son** are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '20', 'lk5n', 'figs-123person', 'τὸν Υἱὸν', '1', '', 'As in the previous verse, Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “I, the Son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '20', 'x8ac', 'figs-metaphor', 'δείκνυσιν αὐτῷ…δείξει αὐτῷ', '1', 'loves', 'Here, **shows** and **show** are used figuratively to refer to revealing or making something known. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “he reveals to him … he will reveal to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '20', 'rtb6', 'writing-pronouns', 'δείξει αὐτῷ', '1', '', 'Here, **he** refers to God the Father and **him** refers to Jesus the Son. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Father will reveal to the Son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '20', 'zlr7', 'figs-explicit', 'μείζονα τούτων…ἔργα', '1', 'you will be amazed', 'Here, **works** refers specifically to miracles. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “greater miracles than these” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '20', 'y4yy', 'writing-pronouns', 'μείζονα τούτων…ἔργα', '1', '', 'Here, **these** refers to the miracles that Jesus had already performed by the time he spoke these words. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “greater works than these miracles I have already performed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '21', 's6te', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατὴρ…Υἱὸς', '1', 'Father … Son', '**Father** and **Son** are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '21', 'xzu4', 'figs-explicit', 'ζῳοποιεῖ…οὓς θέλει ζῳοποιεῖ', '1', 'life', 'This could refer to: (1) eternal life. Alternate translation: “makes them have eternal life … makes whom he desires have eternal life” (2) physical life, in which case it would repeat the idea of “raises the dead” in the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “makes them live again … makes alive again whom he desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '21', 'c96p', 'figs-123person', 'ὁ Υἱὸς', '1', '', 'As in the previous two verses, Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “I, the Son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '22', 'b2l6', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ Πατὴρ…τῷ Υἱῷ', '1', 'For the Father judges no one, but he has given all judgment to the Son', '**Father** and **Son** are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '22', 'sc4t', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'τὴν κρίσιν', '1', '', 'Here, **judgment** refers to the legal authority to judge people as guilty or innocent. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this abstract noun with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “power to judge others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '22', 'dtxw', 'figs-123person', 'τῷ Υἱῷ', '1', '', 'As in the previous three verses, Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “to me, the Son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '23', 'iqn7', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τὸν Υἱὸν…τὸν Πατέρα. ὁ μὴ τιμῶν τὸν Υἱὸν, οὐ τιμᾷ τὸν Πατέρα', '1', '', '**Father** and **Son** are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '23', 'p2kj', 'figs-123person', 'τὸν Υἱὸν…ὁ μὴ τιμῶν τὸν Υἱὸν', '1', '', 'As in the previous four verses, Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “me, the Son…The one not honoring me, the Son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '23', 'j7vc', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸν Πατέρα, τὸν πέμψαντα αὐτόν', '1', '', 'Here, this phrase refers to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “of God, the Father who sent me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '24', 'w6wu', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this in [1:51](../01/51.md). Alternate translation: “What I am about to tell you is very true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '24', 'rsqh', 'figs-you', 'λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', '', 'Since Jesus is speaking to a group of Jewish leaders, **you** is plural here and through [5:47](../05/47.md). If your language does not have a different form for plural **you**, you can use another way to express it. Alternate translation: “I say to you Jews” or “I say to you all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '24', 'v45a', 'figs-metaphor', 'ὁ τὸν λόγον μου ἀκούων', '1', '', 'Here, **hearing** means listening to something with the intent to heed it and respond appropriately. It does not mean simply to hear what someone says. If this meaning for **hearing** would be misunderstood in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the one heeding my word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '24', 'eg5h', 'figs-metonymy', 'τὸν λόγον μου', '1', 'he who hears my word', 'Here, **word** refers to the message or teachings of Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “my message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '24', 's38a', 'figs-explicit', 'τῷ πέμψαντί με', '1', '', 'Here, **the one who sent me** refers to God. See how you translated it in [4:34](../04/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '24', 'ql7q', 'figs-metaphor', 'εἰς κρίσιν οὐκ ἔρχεται', '1', 'will not be condemned', 'Jesus speaks figuratively of **judgment** as if it was a place a person could enter. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this phrase plainly. Alternate translation: “will not be judged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '24', 'p5jx', '', 'μεταβέβηκεν ἐκ τοῦ θανάτου εἰς τὴν ζωήν', '1', '', 'Here, **passed** means to move from one state to another. Alternate translation: “he has moved from death to life”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '25', 'gtu6', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “What I am about to tell you is very true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '25', 'v33w', 'figs-you', 'λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', '', 'Since Jesus is speaking to a group of Jewish leaders, **you** is plural here and through [5:47](../05/47.md). If your language does not have a different form for plural **you**, you can use another way to express it. Alternate translation: “I say to you Jews” or “I say to you all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '25', 'kosy', 'figs-explicit', 'ἔρχεται ὥρα', '1', '', 'Here, **hour** refers to a point in time when something happens. It does not refer to a 60-minute length of time. See the discussion of this in the General Notes to chapter four and see how you translated it in [4:21](../04/21.md). Alternate translation: “a point in time is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '25', 'l2xy', 'figs-explicit', 'οἱ νεκροὶ', '1', '', 'Here, **the dead** could refer to: (1) people who are spiritually dead. Alternate translation: “the spiritually dead” (2) people who are physically dead. Alternate translation: “the physically dead” (3) both the spiritually dead and physically dead. In this case, **an hour that is coming** would refer to the future resurrection of the dead while **is now** would refer to those spiritually dead people who were listening to Jesus when he spoke these words. Alternate translation: “the spiritually dead and physically dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '25', 'd81y', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', 'Son of God', 'This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '25', 'croa', 'figs-123person', 'τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'As in the previous verses in this paragraph, Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “of me, the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '25', 'voy8', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀκούσουσιν…οἱ ἀκούσαντες', '1', '', 'Here, **heard** means to listen to something with the intent to heed it and respond appropriately. See how you translated “hearing” in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “will heed … those who have heeded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '25', 'k1ii', 'figs-explicit', 'ζήσουσιν', '1', '', 'This could refer to: (1) having eternal life. Alternate translation: “will have eternal life” (2) physical life, as in being resurrected after death. Alternate translation: “will become alive again” (3) both eternal life and physical life. Alternate translation: “will have eternal life and become alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '26', 'x136', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ Πατὴρ…τῷ Υἱῷ', '1', 'Father … Son', '**Father** and **Son** are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '26', 'f5vq', 'figs-explicit', 'ἔχει ζωὴν ἐν ἑαυτῷ…ζωὴν, ἔχειν ἐν ἑαυτῷ', '1', 'life', 'Here, the phrases **has life** and **have life** refer to being the source of life or having the ability to create life. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is the source of life … the right to be the source of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '26', 'yv7o', 'figs-123person', 'τῷ Υἱῷ…ζωὴν, ἔχειν ἐν ἑαυτῷ', '1', '', 'As in the previous verses in this paragraph, Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “to me, the Son, to have life in myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '27', 'pr1c', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ…ἐστίν', '1', 'the Father has given the Son authority to carry out judgment', 'The first occurrence of **he** refers to God the Father, but **him** and the second occurrence of **he** refer to the Son of Man. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Father gave the Son … the Son is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '27', 'xlln', 'figs-123person', 'ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ…Υἱὸς Ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν', '1', '', 'As in the previous verses in this paragraph, Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “he gave me … I am the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '27', 'h9em', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'ἐξουσίαν ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ κρίσιν ποιεῖν', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the abstract nouns **authority** and **judgment** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “he authorized him to act as judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '27', 'g58f', 'figs-explicit', 'Υἱὸς Ἀνθρώπου', '1', 'Son of Man', 'See how you translated this phrase in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '28', 'sr8j', 'writing-pronouns', 'μὴ θαυμάζετε τοῦτο', '1', 'Do not be amazed at this', 'Here, **this** refers to the the Son of Mans authority to give eternal life and to carry out judgment, as stated in the previous two verses. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Do not be amazed that the Father has given the Son this authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '28', 'yax7', 'figs-explicit', 'ἔρχεται ὥρα', '1', '', 'Here, **hour** refers to a point in time when something happens. It does not refer to a 60-minute length of time. See the discussion of this in the General Notes to chapter four and see how you translated it in verse [25](../05/25.md). Alternate translation: “a point in time is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '28', 'h9l7', 'figs-123person', 'ἀκούσουσιν τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ', '1', 'hear his voice', 'As in the previous verses in this paragraph, Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “will hear my voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '29', 'qnik', 'figs-possession', 'ἀνάστασιν ζωῆς', '1', '', 'In this phrase, John records Jesus using the possessive form to describe a **resurrection** that results in eternal **life**. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. For further discussion of this phrase, see the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “a resurrection that results in life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '29', 'vwuo', 'figs-possession', 'ἀνάστασιν κρίσεως', '1', '', 'In this phrase, John records Jesus using the possessive form to describe a **resurrection** that results in eternal **judgment**. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. For further discussion of this phrase, see the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “a resurrection that results in judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '30', 'bzmq', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, **from** is used to indicate the source of Jesus’ teaching and ability to do miracles. His teaching and miracles could only have authority if they came from God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “on my own authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '30', 'f3za', 'figs-ellipsis', 'καθὼς ἀκούω, κρίνω', '1', '', 'Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “Just as I hear from the Father, I judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '30', 'n8o9', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμὴ δικαία ἐστίν', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the abstract nouns **judgment** and **righteous** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “I judge rightly” or “I judge justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '30', 'ayn1', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῦ πέμψαντός με', '1', '', 'Here, **the one who sent me** refers to God. See how you translated it in [4:34](../04/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '31', 'f9vc', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐὰν ἐγὼ μαρτυρῶ περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ, ἡ μαρτυρία μου οὐκ ἔστιν ἀληθής.', '1', '', 'Here Jesus is referring to a rule in the law of Moses. According to Deuteronomy 19:15, a statement had to be confirmed by at least two witnesses in order to be considered true in legal decisions. If your audience is not familiar with the law of Moses in the Old Testament, then you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “You know that the law of Moses states that if I testify about myself, my testimony is not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '31', 'qu3o', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐὰν ἐγὼ μαρτυρῶ περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ', '1', '', 'Jesus assumed that his listeners understood that he was referring to testifying about himself without any other witnesses. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “If I testify about myself without any other witnesses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '32', 'nr3l', 'figs-explicit', 'ἄλλος ἐστὶν ὁ μαρτυρῶν περὶ ἐμοῦ', '1', 'another', 'Here, **another** refers to God the Father. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “There is another who is testifying about me, the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '33', 'uxh5', 'figs-you', 'ὑμεῖς ἀπεστάλκατε πρὸς Ἰωάννην', '1', 'the testimony that he gives about me is true', 'Here and through [5:47](../05/47.md), **You** is plural and refers to the Jewish leaders whom Jesus is speaking to. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “You Jewish authorities sent to John” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '33', 'athw', 'figs-ellipsis', 'ὑμεῖς ἀπεστάλκατε πρὸς Ἰωάννην', '1', '', 'Jesus is leaving out a word that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “You have sent messengers to John” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '33', 'qrdg', 'figs-explicit', 'πρὸς Ἰωάννην', '1', '', 'Here, **John** refers to Jesus’ cousin, often referred to as “John the Baptist.” (See: rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/johnthebaptist) It does not refer to the Apostle John who wrote this Gospel. If it would be misunderstood to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to John the Baptist” or “to John the Immerser” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '34', 'rvc5', 'figs-genericnoun', 'παρὰ ἀνθρώπου', '1', 'the testimony that I receive is not from man', 'Here, **man** does not refer to any specific man, but to any human being. Alternate translation: “from mankind” or “from anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '34', 'dseu', 'writing-pronouns', 'ταῦτα λέγω', '1', '', 'Here, **these things** could refer to: (1) what Jesus said about John the Baptist in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “I say this about John” (2) all that Jesus has said in verses [17–33](../05/17.md). Alternate translation: “I say these things about myself and John” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '34', 'a4je', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἵνα ὑμεῖς σωθῆτε', '1', 'that you might be saved', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this with an active form and say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “so that God might save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '35', 'qczd', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἐκεῖνος', '1', '', '**That one** here refers to Jesus’ cousin, often referred to as “John the Baptist.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/johnthebaptist]]) If it would be misunderstood to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “John the Baptist” or “John the Immerser” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '35', 'w4w3', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐκεῖνος ἦν ὁ λύχνος ὁ καιόμενος καὶ φαίνων', '1', 'John was a lamp that was burning and shining, and you were willing to rejoice in his light for a while', 'Here, John records Jesus using the word **lamp** figuratively to refer to John the Baptist. In the way that lamps in those days burned oil and shined light, so John’s teaching helped people understand God’s truth and prepared them to receive Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “That one taught you the truth about God” or “That one was like a lamp that was burning and shining” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '35', 'o2j5', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐν τῷ φωτὶ αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, John records Jesus using the word **light** figuratively to refer to John the Baptist’s teaching. In the way that light enables people to see in the dark, so John’s teaching helped people understand God’s truth and prepared them to receive Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “in his teaching” or “in his teaching that was like a light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '35', 'i0l5', 'figs-explicit', 'πρὸς ὥραν', '1', '', 'Here, **hour** refers to a short amount of time. It does not mean a 60-minute period of time or a specific point in time. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for a moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '36', 'll75', '', 'γὰρ', '1', '', 'Here, **for** indicates that what follows is an explanation of the “testimony” Jesus has mentioned in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “that testimony is”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '36', 'rt6j', '', 'τὰ…ἔργα', '1', 'the works that the Father has given me to accomplish … that the Father has sent me', 'Here, **works** could refer to: (1) the miracles that Jesus did. Alternate translation: “the miracles” (2) Jesus’ miracles and teaching. Alternate translation: “the miracles and teaching”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '36', 'dvr9', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ Πατὴρ…ὅτι ὁ Πατήρ', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '36', 'yz3u', 'figs-personification', 'αὐτὰ τὰ ἔργα ἃ ποιῶ, μαρτυρεῖ περὶ ἐμοῦ', '1', 'the very works that I do, testify about me', 'Here, John records Jesus speaking of **works** figuratively as though they were a person who could **testify** about who he is. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “the very works that I do—are evidence for who I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '37', 'p157', 'figs-rpronouns', 'ὁ πέμψας με Πατὴρ, ἐκεῖνος μεμαρτύρηκεν', '1', 'The Father who sent me has himself testified', 'The reflexive pronoun **himself** emphasizes that it is the Father, not someone less important, who has testified about who Jesus is. Alternate translation: “none other than the Father himself who sent me has testified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '37', 'qjg1', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ πέμψας με Πατὴρ', '1', '', 'Here, this phrase refers to God. See how you translated it in [5:23](../05/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '38', 'rc2n', 'figs-metonymy', 'τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ', '1', 'his word', 'Here, **word** refers to the teachings that God gave to his people in the Scriptures. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “his teachings” or “the Scriptures he gave us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '38', 'dfn1', 'figs-metaphor', 'τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔχετε ἐν ὑμῖν μένοντα', '1', 'You do not have his word remaining in you', 'Here, John records Jesus speaking of God’s **word** as if it was an object that could remain inside people. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “you do not live according to his word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '38', 'uj90', 'figs-123person', 'ὃν ἀπέστειλεν ἐκεῖνος, τούτῳ', '1', '', 'This phrase refers to Jesus. He is referring to himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “me, the one whom he has sent … me whom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '39', 'xi22', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐν αὐταῖς ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔχειν', '1', 'in them you have eternal life', 'Some Jews in Jesus’ time believed that a person could earn their way to heaven by studying the Scriptures and doing good deeds. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you will get eternal life if you study them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '39', 'bmc3', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἐν αὐταῖς…ἐκεῖναί εἰσιν αἱ', '1', '', 'In this verse **them**, **these**, and **the ones** all refer to the Scriptures. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say some of these words explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the Scriptures … these Scriptures are the ones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '39', 'fzbf', 'figs-personification', 'ἐκεῖναί εἰσιν αἱ μαρτυροῦσαι περὶ ἐμοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, John records Jesus speaking of the Scriptures figuratively as though they were a person who are **testifying** about who he is. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “these indicate who I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '40', 'dzm2', 'figs-explicit', 'οὐ θέλετε ἐλθεῖν πρός με', '1', 'you are not willing to come to me', 'Here, **come** does not mean to merely come near Jesus, but it means to follow him and be his disciple. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you are not willing to come and by my disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '40', 'xuxj', 'figs-explicit', 'ζωὴν ἔχητε', '1', '', 'Here, **life** refers to eternal life. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you might have eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '41', 'c1rx', 'figs-gendernotations', 'παρὰ ἀνθρώπων', '1', 'receive', 'Here, **men** is used in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '42', 'b1j4', 'figs-possession', 'τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', 'you do not have the love of God in yourselves', 'This could mean: (1) they did not **love** **God**. Alternate translation: “love for God” (2) they had not received God’s love. Alternate translation: “love from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '43', 'zw65', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Πατρός μου', '1', 'in my Father’s name', 'Here, John records Jesus using the word **name** figuratively to refer to God’s power and authority. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “with the authority of my Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '43', 'rtb9', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τοῦ Πατρός', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '43', 'ue9f', '', 'οὐ λαμβάνετέ με', '1', 'receive', 'Here, **receive** means to accept a person into one’s presence with friendliness. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1:11](../01/11.md). Alternate translation: “you do not welcome me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '43', 'p7jg', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐὰν ἄλλος ἔλθῃ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τῷ ἰδίῳ', '1', 'If another should come in his own name', 'Here, John records Jesus using the word **name** figuratively to refer to authority. Alternate translation: “If another comes in his own authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '44', 'e999', 'figs-rquestion', 'πῶς δύνασθε ὑμεῖς πιστεῦσαι, δόξαν παρὰ ἀλλήλων λαμβάνοντες, καὶ τὴν δόξαν τὴν παρὰ τοῦ μόνου Θεοῦ, οὐ ζητεῖτε?', '1', '', 'John records Jesus using the question form for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “There is no way you are able to believe, receiving glory from one another, and are not seeking the glory that is from the only God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '44', 'g7qd', 'figs-ellipsis', 'πιστεῦσαι', '1', 'believe', 'John records Jesus leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “to believe me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '44', 'rn78', '', 'δόξαν παρὰ ἀλλήλων λαμβάνοντες', '1', '', 'Here, **receiving** could refer to: (1) the time they are receiving glory. Alternate translation: “while receiving glory from one another” (2) a causal statement. Alternate translation: “since receiving glory from one another”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '45', 'kk5q', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἔστιν ὁ κατηγορῶν ὑμῶν Μωϋσῆς, εἰς ὃν ὑμεῖς ἠλπίκατε', '1', '', '**Moses** here could refer to: (1) the person named Moses who gave the Israelites the law of Moses. (2) the law of Moses itself. Alternate translation: “Moses accuses you in the Law, the very Law in which you have hoped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '46', 'm9sq', 'grammar-connect-condition-contrary', 'εἰ', '1', '', 'John records Jesus making a conditional statement that sounds hypothetical, but he is already convinced that the condition is not true. Jesus knows that the Jewish leaders do not truly believe Moses. Alternate translation: “you must not believe Moses since you do not believe me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '47', 'kxa6', 'grammar-connect-condition-fact', 'εἰ…οὐ πιστεύετε', '1', '', 'John records Jesus speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might misunderstand and think that what Jesus is saying is not certain, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Since you do not believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '47', 'b8dd', 'figs-rquestion', 'πῶς τοῖς ἐμοῖς ῥήμασιν πιστεύσετε?', '1', 'If you do not believe his writings, how are you going to believe my words?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to provide emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “you will certainly never believe my words!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '5', '47', 'x7h9', 'figs-metonymy', 'τοῖς ἐμοῖς ῥήμασιν', '1', 'my words', 'Here, **words** refers to what Jesus said to these Jewish leaders. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “what I have told you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', 'intro', 'xe4t', '', '', '0', '', '# John 6 General Notes

## Structure and formatting

1. Jesus’ fourth sign: Jesus feeds a large crowd (6:1–14)
2. Jesus’ fifth sign: Jesus walks on the Sea of Galilee (6:15–21)
3. Jesus says he is the bread of life (6:22–71)

## Special concepts in this chapter

### King

The king of any nation was the richest and most powerful person in that nation. The people wanted Jesus to be their king because he gave them food so they thought he would make the Jews into the richest and most powerful nation in the world. They did not understand that Jesus came to die so God could forgive his people’s sins and that the world would persecute his people.

## Important metaphors in this chapter

### Bread

Bread was the most common and important food in Jesus’ day, so the word “bread” was their general word for “food.” It is often difficult to translate the word “bread” into the languages of people who do not eat bread because the general word for food in some languages refers to food that did not exist in Jesus’ culture. Jesus used the word “bread” to refer to himself. He wanted them to understand that they need him so they can have eternal life, just as people need food to sustain physical life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

### Eating the flesh and drinking the blood

When Jesus said, “unless you would eat the flesh of the Son of Man and would drink his blood, you do not have life in yourselves,” he was speaking figuratively of believing in his sacrificial death on the cross for the forgiveness of sins. He also knew that before he died he would tell his followers to commemorate this sacrifice by eating bread and drinking wine. In the event this chapter describes, he expected that his hearers would understand that he was using a metaphor but would not understand what the metaphor referred to. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### Parenthetical Ideas

Several times in this passage, John explains something or gives the reader some background information to better understand the story. These explanations are intended to give the reader some additional knowledge without interrupting the flow of the narrative. This information is placed inside parentheses.

### “Son of Man”

Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” several times in this chapter. Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. See the discussion of this concept in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '1', 'qhj7', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jesus had traveled from Jerusalem to Galilee. A crowd has followed him up a mountainside. Verses [1–4](../06/01.md) tell the setting of this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '1', 'el4l', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'μετὰ ταῦτα', '1', 'After these things', 'This phrase indicates that what follows occurred after Jesus fed the crowd and talked to the Jewish leaders, as described in the previous chapter. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “After Jesus fed the crowd and spoke with the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '1', 'z345', 'figs-explicit', 'θαλάσσης τῆς Γαλιλαίας τῆς Τιβεριάδος', '1', '', 'The **Sea of Galilee** was called by several names, one of which was Sea **of Tiberias**. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/seaofgalilee]]) If having two different names for the same place would be confusing in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “of the Sea of Galilee (also known as the Sea of Tiberias)” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '2', 'ebel', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'ὄχλος πολύς', '1', '', 'See how you translated **crowd** in [5:13](../05/13.md). Alternate translation: “a large group of people” or “very many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '2', 'g6zm', '', 'σημεῖα', '1', 'signs', 'See how you translated this term in [2:11](../02/11.md). See also the discussion of **signs** in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. Alternate translation: “significant miracles”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '4', 'ri55', 'writing-background', 'ἦν δὲ ἐγγὺς τὸ Πάσχα, ἡ ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἰουδαίων', '1', 'Now the Passover, the Jewish festival, was near', 'In this verse, John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to give background information about when the events happened. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “This event took place near the time of the Passover, the festival of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '5', 'thts', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'οὖν', '1', '', '**Then** here could mean: (1) what follows is the next event in the story. Alternate translation: “Next” (2) what follows is the result of what happened in the previous verses. Alternate translation: “Therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '5', 'cxta', 'figs-idiom', 'ἐπάρας…τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς', '1', '', 'Here, “lifted up his eyes” is an idiom that means to look upward. Alternate translation: “looking up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '5', 'v4hi', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'πολὺς ὄχλος', '1', '', 'See how you translated **crowd** in [5:13](../05/13.md). Alternate translation: “a large group of people” or “very many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '5', 'pzhc', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '5', 'v0mp', 'translate-names', 'Φίλιππον', '1', '', '**Philip** is the name of a man who was one of Jesus’ disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '6', 'cj58', 'writing-background', 'τοῦτο δὲ ἔλεγεν πειράζων αὐτόν; αὐτὸς γὰρ ᾔδει τί ἔμελλεν ποιεῖν', '1', 'But Jesus said this to test Philip, for he himself knew what he was going to do', 'In this verse, John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to explain why Jesus asked Philip where to buy bread. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “Now he said this at that time to test him, for he himself knew what he was going to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '6', 'sr0p', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'πειράζων αὐτόν', '1', '', 'John is stating the purpose for which Jesus asked Philip the question in the previous verse. In your translation, follow the conventions of your language for purpose clauses. Alternate translation (without a comma preceding): “so that he could test Philip” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '6', 'rrco', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτόν', '1', '', 'Here, **him** refers to Philip. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “Philip” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '6', 'uk6t', 'figs-rpronouns', 'αὐτὸς…ᾔδει', '1', 'for he himself knew', 'Here, John uses the reflexive pronoun **himself** to make clear that the word **he** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus himself knew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '7', 'z3gj', 'translate-bmoney', 'διακοσίων δηναρίων ἄρτοι', '1', 'Two hundred denarii worth of bread', 'The word **denarii** is the plural form of “denarius,” which was a denomination of money in the Roman Empire that was equivalent to one days’ wages. Alternate translation: “The amount of bread that cost two hundred days’ wages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '8', 'ih44', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτῷ…αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, **his** and **him** refer to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus’ … to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '8', 'gzei', 'translate-names', 'Ἀνδρέας…Σίμωνος Πέτρου', '1', '', '**Andrew** and **Simon Peter** are names of men who were Jesus’ disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '8', 'diq0', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '9', 'k3k6', 'translate-unknown', 'πέντε ἄρτους κριθίνους', '1', 'five bread loaves of barley', 'The grain **barley** was a common grain eaten by the poor in Israel because it was cheaper than wheat. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/barley]]) They would bake the barley into **bread loaves**, which are lumps of flour dough that a person has shaped and baked. Alternate translation: “five loaves of barley bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '9', 'xwu8', 'figs-rquestion', 'ταῦτα τί ἐστιν εἰς τοσούτους?', '1', 'what are these among so many?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that they do not have enough food to feed everyone. Alternate translation: “these are not enough to feed so many!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '10', 'hnaw', 'figs-quotations', 'εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ποιήσατε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἀναπεσεῖν.', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Jesus said to make the men sit down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '10', 'n9ft', 'figs-gendernotations', 'τοὺς ἀνθρώπους', '1', '', 'Although the term **men** is masculine, John records Jesus using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '10', 'v4h0', 'figs-infostructure', 'ἦν δὲ χόρτος πολὺς ἐν τῷ τόπῳ. ἀνέπεσαν οὖν οἱ ἄνδρες, τὸν ἀριθμὸν ὡς πεντακισχίλιοι.', '1', '', 'If it would be natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “So the men sat down, about 5,000 in number. (Now there was a lot of grass in the place.)” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '10', 'pf33', 'writing-background', 'ἦν δὲ χόρτος πολὺς ἐν τῷ τόπῳ', '1', 'Now there was a lot of grass in the place', 'John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to give background information about the place where this event happened. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “The place where the people were all coming together had a lot of grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '10', 'iz32', '', 'ἀνέπεσαν οὖν οἱ ἄνδρες, τὸν ἀριθμὸν ὡς πεντακισχίλιοι', '1', 'So the men sat down, about five thousand in number', 'Here, **men** refers specifically to adult males. Although the term for “men” used earlier in this verse refers to a group that included men, women, and children, here John is counting only the **men**.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '11', 'l6pm', 'translate-unknown', 'τοὺς ἄρτους', '1', '', 'This means **loaves** of bread, which are lumps of flour dough that a person has shaped and baked. These **loaves** are those five barley **loaves** mentioned in verse [9](../06/09.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the five loaves of barley bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '11', 'mnw3', 'figs-ellipsis', 'εὐχαριστήσας', '1', '', 'John leaves out some words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “having given thanks to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '11', 'wi9d', 'figs-synecdoche', 'διέδωκεν', '1', 'he gave it', 'Here, **he** refers to “Jesus and his disciples.” Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples gave them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '11', 'ib37', 'figs-explicit', 'τῶν ὀψαρίων', '1', '', 'These **fish** are the two **fish** mentioned in verse [9](../06/09.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “the two fish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '12', 'leym', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἐνεπλήσθησαν', '1', '', 'If your language does not use passive voice, you could say this in an active or reflexive form. Alternate translation: “they had finished eating” or “they had filled themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '12', 'z5o3', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '12', 'qp1n', 'figs-quotations', 'λέγει τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ, συναγάγετε', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “he says to his disciples to gather up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '13', 'h64z', 'translate-unknown', 'κοφίνους', '1', '', 'Here, **baskets** refers to large baskets that were used for carrying food and goods while traveling. If your language has a word for this kind of basket, you could use it here. Alternate translation: “large traveling baskets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '14', 'd7lp', 'figs-gendernotations', 'οἱ…ἄνθρωποι', '1', '', 'Although the term **men** is masculine, John uses the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '14', 'gmat', '', 'ἰδόντες ὃ ἐποίησεν σημεῖον', '1', '', 'This clause could refer to: (1) the time that they said what follows in the verse. Alternate translation: “at the time they saw the sign he did” (2) the reason that they said what follows in the verse. Alternate translation: “because they saw the sign he did”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '14', 'nlw1', 'figs-explicit', 'ὃ…σημεῖον', '1', 'this sign', 'Here, **sign** refers to the Jesus miraculously feeding the large crowd that was described in verses [5–13](../06/05.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the sign of miraculously feeding the large crowd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '14', 'g8zb', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ προφήτης ὁ ἐρχόμενος εἰς τὸν κόσμον', '1', 'the prophet', "Here, **the prophet** refers to a prophet the Jews were waiting for, based on God's promise to send a prophet like Moses, which is recorded in Deuteronomy 18:15. If your readers will not be familiar with this Old Testament reference, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the prophet whom God said he would send into the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])"]

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '15', 'rfbr', '', 'γνοὺς ὅτι μέλλουσιν ἔρχεσθαι', '1', '', 'This clause could refer to: (1) the time that Jesus decided to withdraw. Alternate translation: “at the time he realized that they were about to come” (2) the reason that Jesus decided to withdraw. Alternate translation: “because he realized that they were about to come”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '15', 'hg4f', 'figs-rpronouns', 'αὐτὸς μόνος', '1', '', 'Here, John uses the reflexive pronoun **himself** to emphasize that Jesus was completely alone. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “completely alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '16', 'qb23', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'This is the next event in the story. Jesus’ disciples go out onto the Sea of Galilee in a boat.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '16', 'tmzf', 'figs-explicit', 'τὴν θάλασσαν', '1', '', 'Here and throughout this chapter, **sea** refers to the Sea of Galilee. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “the Sea of Galilee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '17', 'zu3v', 'translate-names', 'εἰς Καφαρναούμ', '1', '', 'Capernaum is the name of a town in the region of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '17', 'fkj2', 'writing-background', 'καὶ σκοτία ἤδη ἐγεγόνει, καὶ οὔπω ἐληλύθει πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς', '1', 'It was dark by this time, and Jesus had not yet come to them', 'In these clauses, John provides background information about the situation in order to help readers understand what happens in this story. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '18', 'q5f7', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'ἀνέμου μεγάλου πνέοντος', '1', '', 'This clause indicates the reason for what happens in the next clause. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Because a strong wind was blowing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '18', 'pms3', 'figs-metaphor', 'διηγείρετο', '1', '', 'John uses **aroused** figuratively to refer to the wind causing the sea to become turbulent. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this with a non-figurative expression. Alternate translation: “was being stirred up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '18', 'z381', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἥ…θάλασσα…διηγείρετο', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the wind was causing the sea to be aroused” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '19', 'xx7d', 'translate-unknown', 'ἐληλακότες', '1', 'they had rowed', 'The boats used on the Sea of Galilee usually had two, four, or six people who **rowed** with oars together on each side side of the boat. If your readers would not be familiar with rowed boats, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “having pushed the boat through the water by using oars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '19', 'sgf4', 'translate-bdistance', 'ὡς σταδίους εἴκοσι πέντε ἢ τριάκοντα', '1', 'about twenty-five or thirty stadia', 'The word **stadia** is the plural of “stadium,” which is a Roman measurement of distance equivalent to about 185 meters or a little over 600 feet. Alternate translation: “about four and one half or five and one half kilometers” or “about thee or three and one half miles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '19', 'diko', '', 'θεωροῦσιν', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “they saw”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '20', 'tjg9', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '21', 'qtw5', 'figs-explicit', 'ἤθελον…λαβεῖν αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ πλοῖον', '1', 'they were willing to receive him into the boat', 'It is implied that Jesus got **into the boat**. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “they gladly received him into the boat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '22', 'v8cn', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'ὁ ὄχλος', '1', '', 'See how you translated **crowd** in [5:13](../05/13.md). Alternate translation: “the group of people” or “many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '22', 'ho60', 'figs-explicit', 'πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης', '1', '', 'Here, **the other side of the sea** refers to the side of the Sea of Galilee where Jesus had fed the crowd. It does not refer to the side of the Sea of Galilee that he and his disciples arrived at in the previous verse. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “on the side of the sea where Jesus performed the miracle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '22', 'mhjh', 'figs-explicit', 'πλοιάριον ἄλλο οὐκ ἦν ἐκεῖ, εἰ μὴ ἕν', '1', '', 'Here, **one** refers to the boat that the disciples had taken to cross the Sea of Galilee. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “there was no other boat there except the one that the disciples had taken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '23', 'w7qu', 'writing-background', 'ἄλλα ἦλθεν πλοῖα ἐκ Τιβεριάδος, ἐγγὺς τοῦ τόπου ὅπου ἔφαγον τὸν ἄρτον', '1', '', 'In this verse, John provides background information about the story. The day after Jesus miraculously fed the crowd, some **boats** with people from **Tiberias** came to see Jesus. However, Jesus and his disciples had left that place the night before. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “Other boats came with people from Tiberias close to the place where the crowd had eaten the bread loaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '23', 'hwtc', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῦ Κυρίου', '1', '', 'Here, **the Lord** refers to Jesus. It does not refer to God the Father. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '23', 'sqke', 'figs-ellipsis', 'εὐχαριστήσαντος τοῦ Κυρίου', '1', '', 'John leaves out some words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “after the Lord had given thanks to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '24', 'vad6', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'οὖν', '1', '', '**Therefore** indicates that this verse is the result of what happened in verse [22](../06/22.md). This verse resumes the narrative that was interrupted by the background information in the previous verse. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Because Jesus and his disciples had gone to the other side of the Sea of Galilee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '24', 'f7t2', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'ὁ ὄχλος', '1', '', 'See how you translated **crowd** in [5:13](../05/13.md). Alternate translation: “the group of people” or “many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '24', 'cql6', '', 'ἔστιν ἐκεῖ', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “were there”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '24', 'fecq', 'figs-explicit', 'εἰς τὰ πλοιάρια', '1', '', 'These **boats** are the **boats** mentioned in the previous verse. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “into the boats that had come from Tiberias” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '24', 'o7vs', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'ζητοῦντες τὸν Ἰησοῦν', '1', '', 'John is stating the purpose for which the crowd went to Capernaum. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation (without a comma preceding): “so that they could seek Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '25', 'tnms', 'figs-explicit', 'πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης', '1', '', 'Here, **on the other side** refers to the side of the Sea of Galilee that is opposite the side where Jesus had miraculously fed the crowd. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “on the opposite side of the sea from where Jesus had fed the crowd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '26', 'f8j4', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this is in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '26', 'l9ws', '', 'σημεῖα', '1', '', 'See how you translated this term in [2:11](../02/11.md). See also the discussion of **signs** in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. Alternate translation: “significant miracles”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '26', 'yef5', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἐχορτάσθητε', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this in an active or reflexive form. Alternate translation: “filled yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '27', 'hmfw', 'figs-extrainfo', 'τὴν βρῶσιν τὴν μένουσαν εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον', '1', '', 'Here, John records Jesus using the word **food** figuratively to refer to himself because he is the source of salvation who gives **eternal life** to all who trust him. Jesus lasts forever and so does the **eternal life** that he gives. However, the crowd does not understand this and Jesus does not tell them this plainly at this time. Therefore, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '27', 'plfi', 'figs-ellipsis', 'τὴν βρῶσιν τὴν μένουσαν εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον', '1', '', 'John records Jesus leaving out a word that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could supply this word from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “work for the food that endures to eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '27', 'w74i', 'figs-123person', 'ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου…δώσει; τοῦτον', '1', '', 'These two expressions are all refer to Jesus. He is referring to himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, will give … me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '27', 'czb3', 'figs-distinguish', 'ἣν ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ὑμῖν δώσει', '1', 'eternal life which the Son of Man will give you', 'This phrase could give further information about: (1) “the food that endures to eternal life.” Alternate translation: “that is, the food the Son of Man will give you” (2) “eternal life.” Alternate translation: “that is, the life the Son of Man will give you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '27', 'b94w', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου…ὁ Πατὴρ…ὁ Θεός', '1', 'Son of Man … God the Father', '** Son of Man** and **God the Father** are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '27', 'bric', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', '', 'See how you translated this phrase in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '27', 'gf9q', 'figs-idiom', 'τοῦτον…ἐσφράγισεν', '1', '', 'To “**set** a **seal**” on something means to place a mark on it in order to show to whom it belongs or to certify its authenticity. Here, the phrase is used as an idiom and could mean: (1) that the Father approves of the Son in every way. Alternate translation: “has affirmed his approval of him” (2) that the Son belongs to the Father. Alternate translation: “has affirmed that the Son belongs to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '29', 'he3q', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ ἔργον τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἵνα πιστεύητε εἰς ὃν ἀπέστειλεν ἐκεῖνος', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus says which **work** one must do in order to receive “the food that endures to eternal life” that was mentioned in verse [27](../06/27.md). This **work** is not any kind of labor or deed that can be done, but faith in Jesus, which is a gift from God ([Ephesians 2:8–9](../eph/02/08.md)). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “This is the work of God that is required to receive the food that endures to eternal life: that you believe in the one whom that one has sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '29', 'aevl', 'figs-123person', 'ὃν ἀπέστειλεν ἐκεῖνος', '1', '', 'This phrase refers to Jesus. He is referring to himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “me, the one whom he has sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '29', 'z1u9', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἀπέστειλεν ἐκεῖνος', '1', '', 'Here, **that one** refers to God the Father. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “God has sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '31', 't3jt', 'figs-explicit', 'οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν τὸ μάννα ἔφαγον ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ', '1', '', 'In this verse, John assumes that his readers will know that the crowd is referring to a story recorded in the Old Testament book of Exodus. In that story, the Israelites complained against Moses and Aaron because they were hungry. God responded by providing a flake-like food that fell from the sky and could be baked into bread. The people called this flake-like food “manna.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/manna]]) You could indicate this explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers, particularly if they would not know the story. Alternate translation: “Our fathers ate the manna when they were wandering in the wilderness after leaving Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '31', 'gye7', 'figs-metaphor', 'οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν', '1', 'Our fathers', 'Here, the word **fathers** figuratively means “ancestors.” If that use of **fathers** would be confusing in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Our ancestors” or “Our forefathers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '31', 'jz9p', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἐστιν γεγραμμένον', '1', 'heaven', 'If your language does not use the passive voice, you could say this in an active form and say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the prophets wrote in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '31', 'gzqv', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'ἐστιν γεγραμμένον, ἄρτον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς φαγεῖν', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “it is written that he gave them bread from heaven to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '31', 'fjoo', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἄρτον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς φαγεῖν', '1', '', '**He** here could refer to: (1) Moses, in which case the crowd was mistakenly quoting a scripture about God and applying it to Moses. This is possible because Jesus says in the next verse, “Moses has not given you the bread from heaven.” Alternate translation: “Moses gave them bread from heaven to eat” (2) God, which is who it referred to in the scripture the crowd is quoting. Alternate translation: “God gave them bread from heaven to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '31', 'iiaz', 'figs-synecdoche', 'ἄρτον', '1', '', 'Here, John records the crowd using the word **bread** figuratively to represent food in general that is needed to sustain life. The manna that God gave the Israelites from heaven was not **bread**, but a food that could be baked into **bread**. Alternate translation: “food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '32', 'e6s1', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this is in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '32', 'qgs7', '', 'οὐ Μωϋσῆς δέδωκεν ὑμῖν', '1', '', 'Here, John records Jesus speaking in a way that emphasizes that **Moses** was not the source of manna in the wilderness. He seems to be correcting the crowd’s incorrect understanding of the scripture they quoted in the previous verse. Use whatever form best communicates this kind of negative emphasis in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses was not the one who has given you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '32', 'qwcf', 'figs-synecdoche', 'τὸν ἄρτον', '1', '', 'Here, John records Jesus using the word **bread** figuratively to represent food in general that is needed to sustain life. The manna that God gave the Israelites from heaven was not **bread**, but a food that could be baked into **bread**. See how you translated this word in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '32', 'xwqx', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀλλ’ ὁ Πατήρ μου δίδωσιν', '1', '', 'This phrase serves two purposes. First, it implies that the **Father** was the source of the bread from heaven mentioned by the crowd in the previous verse, not Moses. Second, it indicates that the **Father** is still giving bread from heaven, although not the kind of bread the crowd is expecting. If it would be confusing in your language, you could say this explicitly and you may also want to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Rather, my Father has given that bread and now gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '32', 'ega4', 'figs-extrainfo', 'ὁ Πατήρ μου δίδωσιν ὑμῖν τὸν ἄρτον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τὸν ἀληθινόν', '1', 'it is my Father who is giving you the true bread from heaven', 'Here, John records Jesus using **true bread** figuratively to refer to himself. However, the crowd does not understand this and Jesus does not tell them this plainly until verse [35](../06/35.md). Therefore, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '32', 'c73l', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ Πατήρ μου', '1', 'my Father', '**Father** an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '32', 'an7w', 'figs-synecdoche', 'ἄρτον', '2', '', 'See how you translated this word earlier in this verse and in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '33', 'ri0m', 'figs-extrainfo', 'ὁ…ἄρτος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν', '1', '', 'Here, John records Jesus using **bread** figuratively to refer to himself. However, the crowd does not understand this and Jesus does not tell them this plainly until verse [35](../06/35.md). Therefore, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '33', 'sajx', 'figs-possession', 'ὁ…ἄρτος τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'This phrase could mean: (1) the bread came from God. Alternate translation: “the bread that God gives” (2) the bread belongs to God. Alternate translation: “God’s bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '33', 'sfbk', 'figs-extrainfo', 'ὁ καταβαίνων ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ', '1', '', 'This phrase refers to Jesus. However, the crowd does not understand this and Jesus does not tell them this plainly at this time. Therefore, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '33', 'rrf5', 'figs-explicit', 'ζωὴν', '1', 'gives life to the world', 'Here, **life** refers to eternal life. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '33', 'k897', 'figs-metonymy', 'τῷ κόσμῳ', '1', 'the world', 'Here, **the world** refers to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “the people living in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '34', 'j26s', '', 'κύριε', '1', '', 'The crowd calls Jesus **Sir** in order to show respect or politeness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lord]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '34', 'z9zv', 'figs-synecdoche', 'τὸν ἄρτον', '1', '', 'Here, **bread** could refer to: (1) food in general, as the word was used by the crowd in verse [31](../06/31.md). This would mean that the crowd did not understand that Jesus was calling himself the bread from heaven. Alternate translation: “food” (2) some gift from God that the crowd was uncertain of. This would mean that the crowd recognized that Jesus was talking about something more spiritual than mere food, but did not understand that he was talking about himself. Alternate translation: “heavenly food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '35', 'cr2m', 'figs-exmetaphor', 'ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς', '1', 'I am the bread of life', 'John records Jesus continuing the **bread** metaphor to refer figuratively to himself. In Jesus’ culture, **bread** was the primary food people ate to stay alive. Just as **bread** is necessary for sustaining physical life, Jesus is necessary for giving spiritual life. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly or with a simile. Alternate translation: “Just as food keeps you physically alive, I can give you spiritual life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '35', 'yq25', 'figs-possession', 'ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς', '1', '', 'John records Jesus using the possessive form to describe what produces **life**. If this is not clear in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the bread that produces life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '35', 'hvpi', 'figs-explicit', 'τῆς ζωῆς', '1', '', 'Here, **life** refers to eternal life. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “of eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '35', 'lgpu', 'figs-exmetaphor', 'ὁ ἐρχόμενος πρὸς ἐμὲ, οὐ μὴ πεινάσῃ; καὶ ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ, οὐ μὴ διψήσει πώποτε', '1', '', 'Jesus speaks about the person who trusts in him by continuing the metaphor of food that he began in verse [32](../06/32.md). You could express this metaphor as a simile if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The one coming to me will be like a person who never gets hungry, and the one believing in me will be like a person who never gets thirsty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '35', 'fpgo', 'figs-doublet', 'ὁ ἐρχόμενος πρὸς ἐμὲ, οὐ μὴ πεινάσῃ; καὶ ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ, οὐ μὴ διψήσει πώποτε', '1', '', 'These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize that anyone who trusts in Jesus will never lack spiritual satisfaction. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “The one who trusts me will certainly never lack spiritual satisfaction again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '35', 'a7my', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ ἐρχόμενος πρὸς ἐμὲ', '1', '', 'Here, **coming** does not mean to merely come near Jesus. It means to believe in him and be his disciple. If this use of **coming** would be confusing in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The one coming to be my disciple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '35', 'kh35', 'figs-litotes', 'οὐ μὴ πεινάσῃ…οὐ μὴ διψήσει πώποτε', '1', '', 'John records Jesus using a figure of speech twice in the same verse to expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If this is confusing in your language, you can express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “will always be full … will always have his thirst quenched” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '37', 'vpz8', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατὴρ', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '37', 'n6bk', 'figs-explicit', 'πρὸς ἐμὲ ἥξει…τὸν ἐρχόμενον πρός ἐμὲ', '1', '', 'In this verse, **come** and **coming** do not mean to merely come near Jesus, but they mean to believe in him and be his disciple. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will come to be my disciples … the one coming to be my disciple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '37', 'i92s', 'figs-litotes', 'τὸν ἐρχόμενον πρός ἐμὲ, οὐ μὴ ἐκβάλω ἔξω', '1', 'he who comes to me I will certainly not throw out', 'John records Jesus using a figure of speech here to expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If this is confusing in your language, you can express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “I will keep everyone who comes to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '38', 'z84i', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'ὅτι', '1', 'Connecting Statement:', '**For** introduces the reason why Jesus will not throw out anyone who comes to him. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “This is true because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '38', 'cpi9', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῦ πέμψαντός με', '1', 'him who sent me', 'Here, **the one who sent me** refers to God. See how you translated it in [4:34](../04/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '39', 'uqjy', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῦ πέμψαντός με', '1', '', 'Here, **the one who sent me** refers to God. See how you translated it in [4:34](../04/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '39', 'x5c1', 'figs-litotes', 'πᾶν ὃ…μὴ ἀπολέσω ἐξ αὐτοῦ', '1', 'I would lose not one of all those', 'John records Jesus using a figure of speech here to expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If this is confusing in your language, you can express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “I should keep all of them whom he has given” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '39', 'p8s0', 'writing-pronouns', 'μὴ ἀπολέσω ἐξ αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ ἀναστήσω αὐτὸ', '1', '', 'Here, **it** refers to the whole group of believers as a whole. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly or use a plural pronoun. Alternate translation: “I would not lose from the group of believers … but will raise that group up” or “I would not lose from them … but will raise them up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '39', 'j7q6', 'figs-idiom', 'ἀναστήσω αὐτὸ', '1', 'will raise them up', 'Here, to **raise** up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will cause them to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '39', 'npma', 'figs-explicit', 'τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ', '1', '', 'Here, **the last day** refers to “the day of the Lord,” which is the time when God judges everyone, Jesus returns to earth, and the bodies of those who are dead are raised from their graves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “on the day when I return and judge everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '40', 'wnou', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Πατρός μου, ἵνα πᾶς', '1', '', '**For** introduces the reason for the Father’s will that Jesus stated in the previous verse. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “What I have just said is my Father’s will because his will is also that everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '40', 'b84t', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τοῦ Πατρός μου', '1', '', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '40', 'cb1a', 'figs-metaphor', 'πᾶς ὁ θεωρῶν τὸν Υἱὸν', '1', '', 'Here, **sees** is used figuratively to refer to understanding something. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “everyone who understands who the Son is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '40', 'mpm2', 'figs-idiom', 'ἀναστήσω αὐτὸν ἐγὼ', '1', '', 'Here, to **raise** up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. See how you translated this in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “will cause them to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '40', 'r8rr', 'figs-explicit', 'τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ', '1', '', 'Here, **the last day** refers to “the day of the Lord,” which is the time when God judges everyone, Jesus returns to earth, and the bodies of those who are dead are raised from their graves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) See how you translated this in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “on the day when I return and judge everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '41', 't91b', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'The Jewish leaders interrupt Jesus as he is speaking to the crowd. His conversation with these Jewish leaders is in verses [41–58](../06/41.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '41', 'e216', 'figs-synecdoche', 'οὖν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', '', 'Here and to the end of this chapter, **the Jews** refers to the Jewish leaders. It does not refer to the Jewish people in general. See how you translated this term in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “Then the Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '41', 'wwa5', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος', '1', 'I am the bread', 'Here, the Jewish leaders paraphrase what Jesus said in verse [33](../06/33.md). See how you translated **bread** and **come down from heaven** in verse [33](../06/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '42', 'bm3w', 'figs-rquestion', 'οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν Ἰησοῦς ὁ υἱὸς Ἰωσήφ, οὗ ἡμεῖς οἴδαμεν τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα?', '1', 'Is not this Jesus … whose father and mother we know?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders believe that Jesus is just a normal person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “This is just Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '42', 'i81r', 'figs-rquestion', 'πῶς νῦν λέγει, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβέβηκα?', '1', 'How then does he now say, ‘I have come down from heaven’?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders do not believe that Jesus came from heaven. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “He is lying when he says that he came from heaven!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '42', 'z0zh', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'πῶς νῦν λέγει, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβέβηκα?', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “How then does he now say that he has come down from heaven?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '44', 'zis9', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐλθεῖν πρός με', '1', '', 'Here, **come** does not mean to merely come near Jesus. It means to believe in him and be his disciple. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to come to be my disciple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '44', 'jb73', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ Πατὴρ', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '44', 'k7ld', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ πέμψας με', '1', '', 'Here, this phrase refers to God. See how you translated it in [5:23](../05/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '44', 'rr2m', '', 'ἑλκύσῃ αὐτόν', '1', 'draws', 'Alternate translation: “would pull him” or “would drag him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '44', 'um43', 'figs-gendernotations', 'αὐτόν…αὐτὸν', '1', '', 'Although the pronoun **him** is masculine, John records Jesus using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “the person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '44', 's6b5', 'figs-idiom', 'ἀναστήσω αὐτὸν', '1', 'raise him up', 'Here, to **raise** up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. See how you translated this in verse [40](../06/40.md). Alternate translation: “will cause them to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '44', 'g2ia', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ', '1', '', 'Here, **the last day** refers to “the day of the Lord,” which is the time when God judges everyone, Jesus returns to earth, and the bodies of those who are dead are raised from their graves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) See how you translated this in verse [40](../06/40.md). Alternate translation: “on the day when I return and judge everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '45', 'j1af', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἔστιν γεγραμμένον ἐν τοῖς προφήταις', '1', 'It is written in the prophets', 'If your language does not use passive voice, you could translate this in an active form. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “The prophets wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '45', 'wnjr', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'ἐν τοῖς προφήταις, καὶ ἔσονται πάντες διδακτοὶ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “in the prophets that all will be taught by God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '45', 'fken', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἔσονται πάντες διδακτοὶ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'If your language does not use passive voice, you could translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “God will teach all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '45', 'orme', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τοῦ Πατρὸς', '1', '', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '45', 'xmzr', 'figs-explicit', 'ἔρχεται πρὸς ἐμέ', '1', '', 'Here, **comes** does not mean to merely come near Jesus. It means to believe in him and be his disciple. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “comes to be my disciple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '46', 'i9mp', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τὸν Πατέρα…ἑώρακεν τὸν Πατέρα', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '46', 'lcz8', 'figs-123person', 'ὁ ὢν παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ; οὗτος ἑώρακεν τὸν Πατέρα', '1', '', 'John records Jesus referring to himself in the third person. If this is confusing in your language, you can use the first person. Alternate translation: “me, the who is from God—I have seen the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '47', 'de5y', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this is in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '47', 't8lk', 'figs-ellipsis', 'ὁ πιστεύων', '1', 'he who believes', 'John records Jesus leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “the one believing in me” or “the one believing that I am the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '48', 'iih2', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς', '1', 'I am the bread of life', 'See how you translated this in [John 6:35](../06/35.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '49', 'uh76', 'figs-metaphor', 'οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν', '1', 'Your fathers', 'Here, the word **fathers** figuratively means “ancestors.” If this use of **fathers** would be confusing in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Your forefathers” or “Your ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '49', 'mr3u', 'figs-explicit', 'ἔφαγον ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τὸ μάννα', '1', 'died', 'See how you translated this expression in verse [31](../06/31.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '50', 'sa53', 'figs-exmetaphor', 'οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβαίνων, ἵνα τις ἐξ αὐτοῦ φάγῃ, καὶ μὴ ἀποθάνῃ', '1', 'This is the bread', 'Jesus continues using the **bread** metaphor to say that one must believe in him in order to have eternal life just as one must **eat** **bread** to sustain physical life. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this as a simile. Alternate translation: “I am this bread that comes down from heaven, just as one must eat bread to live, so must one believe in me in order to not die spiritually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '50', 'y1x9', 'figs-123person', 'οὗτός ἐστιν…αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'John records Jesus referring to himself in the third person. If this is confusing in your language, you can use the first person. Alternate translation: “I am … me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '50', 'gse5', 'figs-metaphor', 'ὁ ἄρτος', '1', '', 'See how you translated this in verse [48](../06/48.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '50', 'lfwm', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐξ αὐτοῦ φάγῃ', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus uses **eat** figuratively to refer to believing in him for salvation. What Jesus said plainly in verse [47](../06/47.md) he says figuratively here. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with a simile. Alternate translation: “might believe in me as one eats bread to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '50', 'v212', 'figs-metaphor', 'μὴ ἀποθάνῃ', '1', 'not die', 'Here, the word **die** refers to spiritual death, which is eternal punishment in hell that occurs after physical death. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “might not die spiritually” or “might not experience spiritual death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '51', 'e9g3', 'figs-exmetaphor', 'ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ζῶν ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς; ἐάν τις φάγῃ ἐκ τούτου τοῦ ἄρτου, ζήσεται εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα', '1', '', 'As in the previous verse, Jesus continues using the **bread** metaphor to say that one must believe in him in order to have eternal life just as one **eats** **bread** to sustain physical life. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this as a simile. Alternate translation: “I am the living bread that comes down from heaven. Just as one lives if they eat bread, so does one who believes in me live forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '51', 'ztqs', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐγώ εἰμι', '1', '', 'Jesus uses this phrase emphatically to make a strong statement about who he is. Use the most natural way to express emphasis in your language. Alternate translation: “I myself am” or “I am indeed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '51', 'px99', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ζῶν', '1', 'living bread', 'Here, **living** refers to being the source of life or having the ability to produce life, which is synonymous with “life” in the phrase “the bread of life” that Jesus used in verse [35](../06/35.md). See how you translated “the bread of life” in verse [35](../06/35.md). Alternate translation: “the bread that causes life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '51', 'gs06', 'figs-metaphor', 'φάγῃ ἐκ τούτου τοῦ ἄρτου', '1', '', 'Here and in the previous verse, John records Jesus using **eats** figuratively to refer to believing in Jesus for salvation. Jesus gives eternal life to those who believe in him. See how your translated “eat” in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “Just as food keeps you physically alive, I can give you spiritual life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '51', 'k4bo', 'figs-metonymy', 'σάρξ μού', '1', '', 'Here, John records Jesus using **flesh** figuratively to refer to his whole physical body. If this might be misunderstood in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “my body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '51', 'ee9d', 'figs-extrainfo', 'ὁ ἄρτος', '2', '', 'Here, John records Jesus using the **bread** metaphor slightly different from how he has used it previously. Here it refers specifically to his physical body, which he would sacrifice on the cross to pay for the sins of those who believe in him. Since Jesus says this explicitly at the end of the verse, you do not need to explain its meaning further. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '51', 'c5z3', 'figs-explicit', 'ὑπὲρ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου ζωῆς', '1', '', 'Here, **life** refers to eternal life. If this might be confusing in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for the eternal life of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '51', 'nb41', 'figs-metonymy', 'ὑπὲρ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου ζωῆς', '1', 'for the life of the world', 'Here, **the world** is used figuratively to refer to the people in the world. Alternate translation: “for the life of the people in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '52', 'v6g7', 'figs-synecdoche', 'οὖν…οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', '', 'Here, **the Jews** refers to the Jewish leaders. It does not refer to the Jewish people in general. See how you translated this term in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “Then the Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '52', 'fj5p', 'figs-rquestion', 'πῶς δύναται οὗτος ἡμῖν δοῦναι τὴν σάρκα φαγεῖν?', '1', 'How can this man give us his flesh to eat?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders are reacting negatively to what Jesus has said about **his flesh**. If this might be misunderstood in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “There is no way that this one is able to give us his flesh to eat!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '52', 'llc0', 'figs-metonymy', 'τὴν σάρκα', '1', '', 'Here, John records the Jews using **flesh** figuratively to refer to Jesus’ whole physical body. If this might be misunderstood in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “his body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '52', 'mims', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'φαγεῖν', '1', '', 'The Jews are stating the purpose for which the flesh would be given to them. In your translation, follow the conventions of your language for purpose clauses. Alternate translation (without a comma preceding): “so that we would eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '53', 'q8jl', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this is in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '53', 'r7hh', 'figs-extrainfo', 'φάγητε τὴν σάρκα τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου, καὶ πίητε αὐτοῦ τὸ αἷμα', '1', 'eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood', 'Here, John records Jesus using the phrases **eat the flesh** and **drink his blood** figuratively. Just as people need to **eat** and **drink** in order to live, people need to trust Jesus in order to have eternal life. However, the Jews did not understand this. Therefore, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '53', 'e2w9', 'figs-doublet', 'φάγητε τὴν σάρκα τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου, καὶ πίητε αὐτοῦ τὸ αἷμα', '1', '', 'These two phrases **eat the flesh** and **drink his blood** mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize that trusting in Jesus is the only way to have eternal life. Because Jesus’ **flesh** and **blood** are important concepts, do not combine them. Instead, you could communicate the emphasis in a way that is most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you would indeed eat the flesh of the Son of Man and would indeed drink his blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '53', 'hkr8', 'figs-123person', 'τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου, καὶ πίητε αὐτοῦ τὸ αἷμα', '1', '', 'Jesus is speaking of himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “of me, the Son of Man, and would drink my blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '53', 'quje', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', '', 'See how you translated this phrase in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '53', 'j1ga', 'figs-explicit', 'οὐκ ἔχετε ζωὴν', '1', 'you will not have life in yourselves', 'Here, **life** refers to eternal life. If this use of **life** would be confusing in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you do not have eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '54', 'hc5d', 'figs-extrainfo', 'ὁ τρώγων μου τὴν σάρκα, καὶ πίνων μου τὸ αἷμα, ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον', '1', 'Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has everlasting life', 'The phrases “eating my flesh” and “drinking my blood” are a metaphor for trusting Jesus. Just as people need food and drink in order to live, people need to trust Jesus in order to have eternal life. However, the Jews did not understand this. Therefore, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '54', 'etdh', 'figs-doublet', 'ὁ τρώγων μου τὴν σάρκα, καὶ πίνων μου τὸ αἷμα, ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον', '1', '', 'As in the previous verse, these two phrases **eat the flesh** and **drink his blood** mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used for emphasis. See how you translated the similar expressions in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “Indeed, the one eating my flesh and drinking my blood surely has eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '54', 'ym6w', 'figs-idiom', 'ἀναστήσω αὐτὸν', '1', 'raise him up', 'Here,**raise him up** is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. If this would be confusing in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will cause him to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '54', 'qia5', 'figs-explicit', 'τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ', '1', 'at the last day', 'Here, **the last day** refers to “the day of the Lord,” which is the time when God judges everyone, Jesus returns to earth, and the bodies of those who are dead are raised from their graves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) See how you translated this phrase in verse [39](../06/39.md). Alternate translation: “on the day when I return and judge everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '55', 'tw5g', 'figs-extrainfo', 'σάρξ μου…αἷμά μου', '1', '', 'Here, John records Jesus using the phrases **my flesh** and **my blood** figuratively to refer to believing in him. However, the Jews did not understand this. Therefore, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '55', 'cik2', 'figs-extrainfo', 'ἡ…σάρξ μου ἀληθής ἐστι βρῶσις, καὶ τὸ αἷμά μου ἀληθής ἐστι πόσις', '1', 'my flesh is true food … my blood is true drink', 'Here, John records Jesus using the phrases **true food** and **true drink** figuratively to say that Jesus gives life to those who trust in him. However, the Jews did not understand this. Therefore, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '55', 'j4ud', 'figs-doublet', 'ἡ…σάρξ μου ἀληθής ἐστι βρῶσις, καὶ τὸ αἷμά μου ἀληθής ἐστι πόσις', '1', '', 'As in the previous two verses, these two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used for emphasis. See how you translated the similar expressions in the previous two verses. Alternate translation: “my flesh is indeed true food, and my blood is indeed true blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '56', 'eaoy', 'figs-extrainfo', 'ὁ τρώγων μου τὴν σάρκα, καὶ πίνων μου τὸ αἷμα', '1', '', 'See how you translated this in verse [54](../06/54.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '56', 'u3w4', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐν ἐμοὶ μένει', '1', 'remains in me', 'Here and frequently in John’s Gospel, **remains in** indicates having a continuous personal relationship with someone. If this would be confusing in your language, you could say this explicitly. See the discussion of this expression in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. Alternate translation: “has a personal relationship with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '56', 'rjpa', 'figs-ellipsis', 'κἀγὼ ἐν αὐτῷ', '1', '', 'Here, John records Jesus leaving out a word that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If this would be confusing in your language, you could supply the word from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “and I remain in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '57', 'y334', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ ζῶν Πατὴρ', '1', '', 'Here, **living** refers to being the source of life or having the ability to create life. This is also how Jesus used **living** in verse [51](../06/51). See how you translated **living** in verse [51](../06/51). Alternate translation: “the Father who causes life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '57', 'krma', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατὴρ…Πατέρα', '1', '', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '57', 'oczm', 'figs-explicit', 'κἀγὼ ζῶ διὰ τὸν Πατέρα', '1', '', 'Here, **live** refers to being the source of life or having the ability to create life. It does not mean to merely be alive. If it is confusing in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and I cause life because of the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '57', 'nhp9', 'figs-explicit', 'κἀγὼ ζῶ διὰ τὸν Πατέρα', '1', '', 'Here, **because of the Father** indicates the reason why Jesus has the ability to cause life. God the Father gave Jesus the ability to cause others to live. Jesus explained this concept in [5:25–26](../05/25.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and I cause life because the Father has enabled me to do so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '57', 'dba2', 'figs-extrainfo', 'καὶ ὁ τρώγων με', '1', 'so he who eats me', 'The phrase **eating me** is a metaphor for trusting Jesus. However, the Jews did not understand this. Therefore, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. See how you translated similar expressions in verses [53–56](../06/53.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '57', 'e6op', 'figs-explicit', 'κἀκεῖνος ζήσει δι’ ἐμέ', '1', '', 'Here, **live** refers to having eternal life. It does not refer to being the source of life, as **living** and **live** are used previously in this verse. If this shift in meaning might be confusing in your language, you could state the difference explicitly. Alternate translation: “he will also have eternal life because of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '58', 'm2nz', 'figs-123person', 'οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς', '1', 'This is the bread that has come down from heaven', 'John records Jesus referring to himself in the third person. If this is confusing in your language, you can use the first person. Alternate translation: “I am the bread that has come down from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '58', 'kv16', 'figs-extrainfo', 'οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος…τοῦτον τὸν ἄρτον', '1', '', 'John records Jesus continuing the **bread** metaphor to refer figuratively to himself. Just as **bread** is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. However, the Jews did not understand this. Therefore, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '58', 'i9ih', 'figs-metaphor', 'οἱ πατέρες', '1', 'the fathers', 'Here, the word **fathers** figuratively means “ancestors.” If this would be confusing in your language, you could say it explicitly. Alternate translation: “the ancestors” or “the forefathers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '58', 'r174', 'figs-ellipsis', 'οὐ καθὼς ἔφαγον οἱ πατέρες καὶ ἀπέθανον', '1', '', 'John records Jesus leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “this bread is not just as the bread that the fathers ate and died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '58', 'lb07', 'figs-explicit', 'ἔφαγον οἱ πατέρες καὶ ἀπέθανον', '1', '', 'The phrase **ate and died** does not mean that the people died immediately after eating the bread. If this wording would be confusing in your language, you could translate it in a way that shows a time gap between eating and drinking. Alternate translation: “the fathers ate and still died at a later time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '58', 'j2hx', 'figs-123person', 'ὁ τρώγων τοῦτον τὸν ἄρτον', '1', 'He who eats this bread', 'Jesus spoke about himself as **this bread**. Alternate translation: “He who eats me, the bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '58', 'jv4c', 'figs-extrainfo', 'ὁ τρώγων τοῦτον τὸν ἄρτον', '1', 'He who eats this bread', 'Here, **eating this bread** is a metaphor for trusting Jesus. However, the Jews did not understand this. Therefore, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '59', 'ph39', 'writing-background', 'ταῦτα εἶπεν ἐν συναγωγῇ, διδάσκων ἐν Καφαρναούμ', '1', 'Jesus said these things in the synagogue … in Capernaum', 'Here John gives background information about when this event happened. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '59', 'qt4h', 'writing-pronouns', 'εἶπεν', '1', '', 'Here, **he** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “Jesus said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '59', 'ukxi', 'writing-pronouns', 'ταῦτα', '1', '', 'Here, **these things** refers to what Jesus said to the crowd and Jewish leaders in verses [26–58](../06/26.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “these teachings about being the bread of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '60', 't1me', 'figs-ellipsis', 'ἀκούσαντες', '1', '', 'Here, John leaves out a word that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “having heard this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '60', 'wf67', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐστιν ὁ λόγος οὗτος', '1', '', 'Here, **word** stands for what Jesus had just spoken to the crowd in verses [26–58](../06/26.md). If this would be confusing in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “What he has just said is” or “These words are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '60', 'lmcv', 'figs-explicit', 'σκληρός', '1', '', 'Here, **hard** refers to something that causes a negative reaction because it is harsh or unpleasant. It does not refer to something that is difficult to understand, but something that is difficult to accept. If this use of **hard** would be confusing in your language, you could say this with a different expression. Alternate translation: “hard to accept” or “offensive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '60', 'cp3k', 'figs-rquestion', 'τίς δύναται αὐτοῦ ἀκούειν?', '1', '', 'Here, the disciples use the question form for emphasis. If this would be confusing in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “no one is able to listen to it!” or “it is too hard to listen to!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '61', 'rn8i', 'figs-explicit', 'εἰδὼς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐν ἑαυτῷ', '1', 'Does this offend you?', 'This phrase implies that Jesus had supernatural knowledge. It indicates that Jesus knew what his disciples were saying even though he did not hear what they said. If it would be helpful to your readers, your could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Even though no one told Jesus, he knew” or “Even though Jesus had not heard them, he was fully aware”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '61', 'g3z7', 'writing-pronouns', 'περὶ τούτου…τοῦτο', '1', '', 'In this verse, **this** refers to what Jesus had just spoken to the crowd in verses [26–58](../06/26.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “about these teachings … what I teach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '61', 'j2gj', 'figs-you', 'ὑμᾶς', '1', '', 'Here and throughout verses [61–71](../06/61.md) **you** is plural and refers to Jesus’ disciples. If your language distinguishes between singular and plural second person pronouns, you should use the plural form of **you**. Alternate translation: “you disciples of mine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '62', 'r33r', 'figs-ellipsis', 'ἐὰν…θεωρῆτε τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου, ἀναβαίνοντα ὅπου ἦν τὸ πρότερον?', '1', '', 'Here, John records Jesus using only one part of a conditional sentence. He leaves out the second part of the conditional sentence for emphasis. Many languages need to have both parts of a conditional sentence in order to make the sentence complete. If this is true for your language, you could supply the second clause from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “if you would see the Son of Man going up to where he was before, would it offend you?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '62', 'v4tr', 'figs-123person', 'τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου, ἀναβαίνοντα ὅπου ἦν τὸ πρότερον', '1', '', 'Jesus is speaking of himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “me, the Son of Man, going up to where I was before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '62', 'ibnq', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', '', 'See how you translated this phrase in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '62', 'uxe0', 'figs-explicit', 'ὅπου ἦν τὸ πρότερον', '1', '', 'This phrase refers to heaven, where Jesus was **before** he came down to earth. If this would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to heaven, where I used to be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '63', 'nx51', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸ Πνεῦμά ἐστιν τὸ ζῳοποιοῦν', '1', '', 'Here, **making alive** refers to giving eternal life, not physical life. If this use of **alive** might be confusing in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The Spirit is the one giving eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '63', 'ygqi', 'figs-explicit', 'ἡ σὰρξ', '1', '', 'Here, **the flesh** could refer to: (1) human nature. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “human nature” (2) Jesus’ body. Alternate translation: “my flesh” (3) both human nature and Jesus’ body. “your nature and my flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '63', 'y558', 'figs-explicit', 'οὐκ ὠφελεῖ οὐδέν', '1', 'profits', 'Here, **profit** means to be beneficial or useful. It does not mean to earn money. If this use of **profit** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “has no benefit” or “is no help at all”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '63', 'fy9p', 'figs-metonymy', 'τὰ ῥήματα…ζωή ἐστιν', '1', '', 'Here, **words** stands for the teachings that Jesus had just spoken to the crowd in verses [26–58](../06/26.md). If this would be confusing in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The teachings … these teachings are life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '63', 'plw8', '', 'πνεῦμά ἐστιν', '1', '', 'This could mean: (1) from the Spirit. Alternate translation: “are from the Spirit” (2) about the Spirit. Alternate translation: “are about the Spirit”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '63', 'gb29', '', 'καὶ ζωή ἐστιν', '1', '', 'This could mean: (1) give life. Alternate translation: “and they give life” (2) about life. Alternate translation: “and they are about life”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '63', 'dz25', 'figs-explicit', 'ζωή', '1', '', 'Here, **life** refers to eternal life. If this use of **life** would be confusing in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '64', 'ey1e', 'writing-background', 'ᾔδει γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, τίνες εἰσὶν οἱ μὴ πιστεύοντες, καὶ τίς ἐστιν ὁ παραδώσων αὐτόν', '1', 'For Jesus knew from the beginning who were the ones … who it was who would betray him', 'Here, John gives background information to explain why Jesus said the earlier part of this verse. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “Jesus said this because he knew from the start who did not believe and who would later betray him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '64', 'rlhr', 'figs-explicit', 'οἳ οὐ πιστεύουσιν…οἱ μὴ πιστεύοντες', '1', '', 'The implied object of **believe** and **believing** is Jesus or Jesus’ teaching. If your language requires an object for these words, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “who do not believe in me … the ones not believing in me” or “who do not believe what I say … the ones not believing what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '65', 'e9ex', 'writing-pronouns', 'διὰ τοῦτο', '1', '', 'Here, **this** refers the information Jesus said in the previous verse. If it would be misunderstood for your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Because of the disbelief I have just told you about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '65', 'c3cl', 'figs-explicit', 'οὐδεὶς δύναται ἐλθεῖν πρός με', '1', 'no one can come to me unless it is granted to him by the Father', 'See how you translated the identical phrase in verse [44](../06/44.md). Alternate translation: “no one is able to come to be my disciple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '65', 'ckfz', 'writing-pronouns', 'ᾖ δεδομένον αὐτῷ', '1', '', 'Here, the pronoun **it** refers to the ability to come to Jesus and be his disciple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the ability to come to me would be have been granted to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '65', 'uvxb', 'figs-activepassive', 'ᾖ δεδομένον αὐτῷ ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός', '1', '', 'If your language does not use the passive voice, you could say this in an active form. Alternate translation: “the Father would give it to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '65', 'g4za', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατρός', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '66', 'o1pd', 'figs-idiom', 'ἀπῆλθον εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω', '1', '', 'This phrase is an idiom that refers to going back to living the way one lived previously. Here, these people left Jesus to go back to living the way they had lived before they met him. If this phrase would be confusing in your language, you could say its meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “returned to their former manner of living” or “went back to their previous way of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '66', 'h8j9', 'figs-metaphor', 'οὐκέτι μετ’ αὐτοῦ περιεπάτουν', '1', 'no longer walked with him', 'Although Jesus did walk from one place to another, here **walking** is used figuratively to refer to how a person lives and behaves. These people we **no longer** living according to Jesus’ teaching and thus were no longer his disciples. If this meaning for **walking** would be confusing in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “no longer obeyed his teachings” or “no longer were his disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '67', 'bg2f', 'figs-nominaladj', 'τοῖς δώδεκα', '1', 'the twelve', 'John is using the adjective **Twelve** as a noun in order to indicate a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the 12 apostles” or “the 12 men whom he had appointed to be apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '67', 'hoye', 'translate-names', 'τοῖς δώδεκα', '1', '', 'Alternatively, even if your language does not ordinarily use adjectives as nouns, you may be able to do that in this case, since this is a title by which the apostles were known. Even though it is a number, if you translate it as a title, as the ULT does, follow the conventions for titles in your language. For example, capitalize main words and write out numbers rather than use digits. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '67', 'ezer', 'figs-explicit', 'μὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς θέλετε ὑπάγειν?', '1', '', 'John records Jesus asking this question in a way that expects a negative response. He does this to contrast **the Twelve** from the many other disciples who had just abandoned him. If your language has a question form that assumes a negative response, you should use it here. Alternate translation: “You probably do not want to go away also, am I right?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '68', 'n5ty', 'translate-names', 'Σίμων Πέτρος', '1', '', '**Simon Peter** is the name of a man who was Jesus’ disciple. He is sometimes referred to as **Simon** or **Peter**. See how you translated this name in verse [8](../06/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '68', 'g9l4', 'figs-rquestion', 'Κύριε, πρὸς τίνα ἀπελευσόμεθα?', '1', 'Lord, to whom shall we go?', '**Simon Peter** uses the form of a question to emphasize that he desires to follow only Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Lord, we could never follow anyone but you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '68', 'tiwh', 'figs-possession', 'ῥήματα ζωῆς αἰωνίου ἔχεις', '1', '', 'John records **Peter** using the possessive form to describe a **word** that gives **eternal life**. If this is not clear in your language, you could use say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “You have words that give eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '68', 'v12o', 'figs-metonymy', 'ῥήματα', '1', '', 'John records Peter using the term **words** figuratively to describe the things that Jesus taught by using words. Alternate translation: “teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '69', 'o3w6', 'figs-exclusive', 'ἡμεῖς', '1', '', 'When Peter says **we**, he is speaking of himself and the rest of the twelve disciples, so **we** would be exclusive. Your language may require you to mark this form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '69', 'qu0n', 'figs-possession', 'ὁ Ἅγιος τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'John records **Peter** using the possessive form to describe a **the Holy One** who comes from **God**. If this is not clear in your language, you could use say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Holy One from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '70', 'm9ys', 'figs-rquestion', 'οὐκ ἐγὼ ὑμᾶς τοὺς δώδεκα ἐξελεξάμην, καὶ ἐξ ὑμῶν εἷς διάβολός ἐστιν?', '1', 'Did not I choose you, the twelve, and one of you is a devil?', 'Jesus gives this remark in the form of a question in order to emphasize that one of the twelve disciples will betray him. Alternate translation: “I chose you, the Twelve, myself, and one of you is a devil!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '70', 'k335', 'figs-nominaladj', 'τοὺς δώδεκα', '1', '', 'See how you translated **the Twelve** in verse [67](../06/67.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '70', 'jl5i', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐξ ὑμῶν εἷς διάβολός ἐστιν', '1', '', 'The word **devil** could mean: (1) one of Jesus’ twelve disciples was a wicked person whose thoughts and actions resembled those of the **devil** or was being influenced or controlled by the **devil**. It does not mean that this person actually was the devil in human form. It also does not imply that there is more than one devil. Alternate translation: “one of you is wicked like the devil” or “one of you is controlled by the devil” (2) one of Jesus’ twelve disciples was speaking harmful and untrue things about Jesus to others. This meaning is possible because the word translated **devil** can also mean “slanderer.” Alternate translation: “one of you is a slanderer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '71', 'z9yc', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'In this verse, John provides background information about what Jesus said in the previous verse. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '71', 'joha', 'translate-names', 'Ἰούδαν Σίμωνος', '1', '', '**Judas** and **Simon** are names of two men. This **Simon** is not the same as Simon Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '6', '71', 'lttr', 'figs-nominaladj', 'τῶν δώδεκα', '1', '', 'See how you translated **the Twelve** in verse [67](../06/67.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', 'intro', 'l712', '', '', '0', '', '# John 7 General Notes

## Structure and formatting

1. Jesus goes to Jerusalem for the Festival of Shelters (7:1–13)
2. Jesus says his authority is from God (7:14–24)
3. Jesus says he came from God (7:25–31)
4. Jesus says he will return to God (7:32–36)
5. Jesus says he is the living water (7:37–39)
6. The people disagree about who Jesus is (7:40–44)
7. The Jewish leaders disagree about who Jesus is (7:45–53)

Translators may wish to include a note at verse [53](../07/53.md) to explain to the reader why they have chosen or chosen not to translate verses [7:53–8:11](../07/53.md). These verses are not in the best and oldest ancient manuscripts. If the translators have chosen to translate these verses, then they will want to either put them in a footnote outside of the main text or mark them in some way, such as square brackets ([ ]), to indicate that the passage may not have originally been in John’s Gospel.
(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])

## Special concepts in this chapter

### “Believing in him”

A recurring theme in this chapter is the concept of believing Jesus to be the Messiah. Some people believed he was the Messiah while others did not. Some were willing to recognize his power and even the possibility that he was a prophet, but most were unwilling to believe that he was the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])

### “My time has not yet come”

This phrase and “his hour had not yet come” are used in this chapter to indicate that Jesus is in control of the events that are happening in his life.

### “Living water”

This is an important metaphor used in the New Testament to refer to the Holy Spirit. See the discussion of this metaphor in the note about “living water” for [4:10](../04/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Prophecy

In verses [33–34](../07/33.md) Jesus gives a prophecy about his return to heaven without explicitly indicating his statement as prophecy.

### Irony

Nicodemus explains to the other Pharisees that the Law requires them to hear directly from a person before making a judgment about that person. The Pharisees in turn made a judgment about Jesus without speaking to Jesus.

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “Did not believe in him”

Jesus’ brothers did not believe that Jesus was the Messiah at the time the events in this chapter took place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])

### “The Jews”

This term is used in two different ways in this passage. It is used specifically to refer to the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus and were trying to kill him ([7:1](../07/01.md), [11](../07/11.md), [13](../07/13.md), [15](../07/15.md), [35](../07/35.md)). It is also used in verse [2](../07/02.md) to refer to Jewish people in general. The translator may wish to use the terms “Jewish leaders” and “Jewish people” to clarify this distinction.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '1', 'b99m', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'μετὰ ταῦτα', '1', 'After these things', 'This phrase indicates that what follows occurred after the events that John had recorded in the previous chapter. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could show this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: “After Jesus spoke with his disciples in Capernaum” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '1', 'r94g', 'figs-synecdoche', 'οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', 'the Jews', 'Here and throughout this chapter, **the Jews** refers to the Jewish leaders. Apart from one exception in verse [2](../07/02.md), it does not refer to the Jewish people in general. See how you translated this term in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “the Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '2', 'n2ud', 'writing-background', 'ἦν δὲ ἐγγὺς ἡ ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἡ σκηνοπηγία', '1', '', 'In this verse, John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to give background information about when the events happened. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “This event took place near the time of the Shelters Festival, the festival of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '2', 'm4ch', 'figs-explicit', 'τῶν Ἰουδαίων', '1', '', 'Unlike in the previous verse and throughout this chapter, **the Jews** here refers to the Jewish people in general. It does not refer to the Jewish leaders. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “of the Jewish people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '3', 'x8ce', 'translate-kinship', 'οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ', '1', 'brothers', 'These were Jesus’ younger **brothers**, the other sons of Mary and Joseph who were born after Jesus. Since the Father of Jesus was God and their father was Joseph, they were actually his half-brothers. That detail is not normally translated, but if your language has a specific word for a man’s younger brother, it would be appropriate to use it here. Alternate translation: “his younger brothers” or “his half-brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '3', 'id2z', 'figs-explicit', 'σοῦ τὰ ἔργα ἃ ποιεῖς', '1', 'the works that you do', 'Here, **works** refers to the powerful miracles that Jesus was performing. If this use of **works** could be misunderstood in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “your miracles that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '4', 'by1h', 'figs-rpronouns', 'ζητεῖ αὐτὸς', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus’ brothers use the reflexive pronoun **himself** in order to emphasize their belief that Jesus wants to make **himself** famous. If this use of **himself** would be confusing in your language, you could use another way to show emphasis in your language. Alternate translation: “seeks for his own benefit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '4', 'uj59', '', 'ζητεῖ αὐτὸς ἐν παρρησίᾳ εἶναι', '1', '', 'Alternate translation: “seeks publicity for himself” or “seeks public attention”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '4', 'mc8r', 'grammar-connect-condition-fact', 'εἰ ταῦτα ποιεῖς', '1', '', 'John records Jesus’ brothers speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but they mean that it is actually true. Although they didn’t believe that Jesus was the Messiah at this time, they did not deny that he was doing miracles. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might misunderstand and think that what the brothers are saying is not certain, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Since you do these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '4', 'f33j', 'figs-metonymy', 'τῷ κόσμῳ', '1', 'the world', 'Here, **the world** is used figurative to refer to all of the people in the world. If this use of **world** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '5', 'mz2b', 'writing-background', 'οὐδὲ γὰρ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ ἐπίστευον εἰς αὐτὸν', '1', 'For even his brothers did not believe in him', 'This sentence is a break from the main story line as John provides some background information about the brothers of Jesus. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “Jesus’ brothers said this because even they didn’t believe in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '5', 'bs7f', 'translate-kinship', 'οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ', '1', 'his brothers', 'See how you translated this in verse [3](../07/03.md). Alternate translation: “his younger brothers” or “his half-brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '6', 'bcul', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '6', 'n5bj', 'figs-metonymy', 'ὁ καιρὸς ὁ ἐμὸς οὔπω πάρεστιν', '1', 'My time has not yet come', 'This could mean: (1) It was not the right **time** for Jesus to go to Jerusalem for the festival because God had not yet told him to go. This meaning explains why he eventually went to the festival in verse [10](../07/10.md). Alternate translation: “Now is not the right time for me to go to Jerusalem” (2) It was not the right **time** for Jesus to publicly reveal himself as the Messiah, which is what his brothers wanted him to do. Alternate translation: “Now is not the right time for me to publicly reveal myself as the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '6', 'z9gv', 'figs-yousingular', 'ὁ ὑμέτερος', '1', '', 'All instances of “you” and **your** in verses [6–8](../07/06.md) are plural. They only refer to Jesus’ brothers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '6', 'shs9', '', 'ὁ δὲ καιρὸς ὁ ὑμέτερος πάντοτέ ἐστιν ἕτοιμος', '1', 'your time is always ready', 'Alternate translation: “but any time is good for you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '7', 'h7kv', 'figs-metonymy', 'οὐ δύναται ὁ κόσμος μισεῖν ὑμᾶς', '1', 'The world cannot hate you', '**The world** here refers figuratively to the people who live in the world. If this use of **world** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “All the people in the world are not able to hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '7', 's92r', 'writing-pronouns', 'μισεῖ…περὶ αὐτοῦ…τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'In this verse, **it** refers to the people in **the world**. If you translated **the world** with a plural noun, then you should change these pronouns to plural form as well. Alternate translation: “they hate…about them…their works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '7', 'e5hq', '', 'ἐγὼ μαρτυρῶ περὶ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ πονηρά ἐστιν', '1', 'I testify about it that its works are evil', 'Alternate translation: “I tell them that what they are doing is evil”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '8', 'ax6v', 'figs-explicit', 'ὑμεῖς ἀνάβητε', '1', '', 'John records Jesus saying **go up** to refer to going to Jerusalem because that city is at a higher elevation than Galilee, which is where Jesus and his brothers were at this time. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate where they would go. Alternate translation: “You go up to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '8', 'evk6', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ ἐμὸς καιρὸς οὔπω πεπλήρωται', '1', 'my time has not yet been fulfilled', 'This phrase means the same as “My time is not yet come” in verse [6](../07/06.md). See how you translated it there. Alternate translation: “Now is not the right time for me to go to Jerusalem” or “Now is not the right time for me to publicly reveal myself as the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '10', 'jz6l', 'translate-kinship', 'οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ', '1', 'when his brothers had gone up to the festival', 'See how you translated this phrase in verse [3](../07/03.md). Alternate translation: “his younger brothers” or “his half-brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '10', 'z4ym', 'figs-explicit', 'καὶ αὐτὸς ἀνέβη', '1', 'he also went up', 'See how you translated “go up” in verse [8](../07/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '10', 'rw5v', 'figs-doublet', 'οὐ φανερῶς, ἀλλὰ ὡς ἐν κρυπτῷ', '1', 'not publicly but in secret', 'These two phrases mean the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize that Jesus did not want to attract public attention in Jerusalem. If your language does not use repetition in this way, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “very secretly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '11', 'i6cl', 'figs-synecdoche', 'οἱ…Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', '', 'See how you translated this term in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “the Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '11', 'er5u', 'figs-explicit', 'ποῦ ἐστιν ἐκεῖνος', '1', '', 'Here, John records the Jewish leaders saying **that one** as a disrespectful way to refer to Jesus without saying his name. If your language has a similar way to refer to someone in an indirect but derogatory manner, you may use it here. Alternate translation: “Where is that so-and-so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '12', 'qc8f', 'figs-explicit', 'γογγυσμὸς', '1', '', "Although the word translated **murmuring** usually refers to grumbling or complaining, here it refers to speaking quietly without a negative meaning. Some people in **the crowd** were discussing who Jesus was and didn't want the religious leaders to hear them. If your word for **murmuring** only has a negative connotation in your language, use a different neutral expression. Alternate translation: “quietly discussing” or “whispering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])"]

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '12', 'glq8', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'τοῖς ὄχλοις…τὸν ὄχλον', '1', '', 'Here, **crowds** refers to several different groups of people, while **crowd** refers to a group of people in general. See how you translated **crowd** in [5:13](../05/13.md). Alternate translation: “the groups of people … the group of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '12', 'me4d', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'ἀγαθός ἐστιν', '1', '', 'If your language does not use an abstract noun for this idea, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **good** in another way. Alternate translation: “He is a good person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '12', 'c27a', 'figs-metaphor', 'πλανᾷ τὸν ὄχλον', '1', 'he leads the crowds astray', 'Here, **leads** **astray** refers figuratively to persuading someone to believe something that is not true. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he misleads the crowd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '13', 'yyiv', 'figs-possession', 'διὰ τὸν φόβον τῶν Ἰουδαίων', '1', '', 'John is using the possessive form to describe the **fear** that the people had for the Jewish leaders. If this use of the possessive form would be confusing in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “because of their fear for the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '13', 'n8bb', 'figs-synecdoche', 'τῶν Ἰουδαίων', '1', 'the Jews', 'See how you translated this term in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “the Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '14', 'yut8', '', 'τῆς ἑορτῆς', '1', '', 'Here, **the festival** refers to the Jewish Festival of Shelters mentioned in verse [1](../07/01.md). See how you translated the word **festival** there. Alternate translation: “the Shelters Festival”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '14', 'jqnk', 'figs-synecdoche', 'εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν', '1', '', 'Since only priests could enter **the temple** building, this refers to **the temple** courtyard. John is using the word for the entire building to refer to one part of it. Alternate translation: “into the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '15', 'u12l', 'figs-synecdoche', 'οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', '', 'See how you translated this term in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “the Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '15', 'obtt', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐθαύμαζον', '1', '', 'The word translated **marveled** refers to being amazed or in wonder of something in either a negative or positive way. Since the Jewish leaders despised Jesus, their amazement was unfavorable toward him. Alternate translation: “surprised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '15', 'e7ve', 'figs-rquestion', 'πῶς οὗτος γράμματα οἶδεν, μὴ μεμαθηκώς?', '1', '', 'John records the Jewish leaders using the form of a question to emphasize that they were surprised and annoyed by how much knowledge Jesus had about Scripture. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “He certainly cannot know so much about the scriptures, not being educated!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '15', 'k8wh', 'figs-explicit', 'οὗτος', '1', '', 'Here, John records the Jewish leaders saying **this one** as a disrespectful way to refer to Jesus and to avoid saying his name. If your language has a similar way to refer to someone in an indirect but derogatory manner, you may use it here. Alternate translation: “this so-and-so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '15', 'oqzy', 'figs-explicit', 'μὴ μεμαθηκώς', '1', '', "Here, the Jewish leaders use **educated** to refer to receiving a Jewish religious education, which would include studying the Hebrew scriptures and Jewish religious traditions. This does not mean that they thought Jesus didn't know how to read or write. If this use of **educated** might be misunderstood in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “not being trained in our scriptures and doctrines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])"]

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '16', 'h7mr', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῦ πέμψαντός με', '1', 'of him who sent me', 'Here, **the one who sent me** refers to God. See how you translated it in [4:34](../04/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '17', 'vlcd', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν…ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, **from** is used to indicate the source of Jesus’ teaching. A teaching could only have authority if God was its source. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “it is with God’s authority … only with my own authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '18', 'u5h6', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀφ’ ἑαυτοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, **from** is used to indicate the source of what the person is speaking. A teaching could only have authority if God was its source. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “by his own authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '18', 'xf9j', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'ἀδικία ἐν αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστιν', '1', '', 'If your language does not use an abstract noun for this idea, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **unrighteousness** in another way. Alternate translation: “he is not wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '19', 'c7xq', 'figs-rquestion', 'οὐ Μωϋσῆς δέδωκεν ὑμῖν τὸν νόμον, καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐξ ὑμῶν ποιεῖ τὸν νόμον?', '1', 'Did not Moses give you the law?', 'John records Jesus using the form of a question to add emphasis. If your language does not use this type of question, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “It was Moses who gave you the law, but none of you obeys the law!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '19', 'c85j', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'τὸν νόμον…ποιεῖ τὸν νόμον', '1', '', 'See how you translated **the law** in [1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '19', 'iwv8', '', 'ποιεῖ τὸν νόμον', '1', 'keeps the law', 'Here, **does** means to keep, follow, or obey. If this use of **does** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “obeys the law”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '19', 'bfd2', 'figs-rquestion', 'τί με ζητεῖτε ἀποκτεῖναι?', '1', 'Why do you seek to kill me?', 'Jesus makes a statement in the form of a question in order to emphasize that the Jewish leaders who want to **kill** him for breaking the law of Moses are themselves breaking that law. If your language does not use this type of question, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You break the law yourselves and yet you want to kill me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '20', 'hdud', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'ὁ ὄχλος', '1', '', 'See how you translated **crowd** in [5:13](../05/13.md). Alternate translation: “The crowd of people” or “Someone in the crowd of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '20', 'l1rq', '', 'δαιμόνιον ἔχεις', '1', 'You have a demon', 'Alternate translation: “A demon is inside of you!” or “You must be under the control of a demon!”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '20', 'r9wi', 'figs-rquestion', 'τίς σε ζητεῖ ἀποκτεῖναι?', '1', 'Who seeks to kill you?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. If your language does not use this type of question, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “No one wants to kill you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '21', 'b63z', 'figs-explicit', 'ἓν ἔργον', '1', 'one work', 'Here, **work** refers to the time when Jesus miraculously healed a paralyzed man on the Jewish day of rest called the Sabbath, as recorded in [5:5–9](../05/05.md). If your readers would misunderstand this use of **work**, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “one miracle on the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '21', 'l1zf', 'figs-explicit', 'πάντες θαυμάζετε', '1', 'you all marvel', 'The word translated **marveled** refers to being amazed or in wonder of something in either a negative or positive way. Since some people in this crowd despised Jesus, their amazement was unfavorable toward him. Alternate translation: “you are all surprised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '22', 'o9n9', 'figs-explicit', 'διὰ τοῦτο', '1', '', 'Here, **this** refers to someone doing something on the Sabbath to help someone else. More specifically, Jesus is referring to the time he offended the Jews by healing a paralyzed man on the Sabbath. This event was indirectly mentioned in the previous verse. If your readers might misunderstand what **this** refers to, you could say it explicitly. Alternate translation: “On account of activities like healing taking place on the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '22', 'd8sw', 'writing-background', 'οὐχ ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ Μωϋσέως ἐστὶν, ἀλλ’ ἐκ τῶν πατέρων', '1', 'not that it is from Moses, but from the ancestors', 'Here, John records Jesus providing additional information about where the Jewish practice of circumcision came from. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '22', 'w22v', 'figs-explicit', 'τῶν πατέρων', '1', '', 'Here, **fathers** refers specifically to the first ancestors of the Jewish people, who are often called “the Patriarchs.” Those people are Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. It does not refer to the ancestors of the Jewish people in general. If this use of **fathers** might be misunderstood by your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Patriarchs” or “the men who founded the Jewish people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '22', 'cs9z', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐν Σαββάτῳ περιτέμνετε ἄνθρωπον', '1', 'on the Sabbath you circumcise a man', 'Jesus implies that the act of **circumcision** was a kind of work. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “you circumcise a male baby on the Sabbath. That is working too” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '22', 'dl6z', 'figs-genericnoun', 'ἄνθρωπον', '1', '', 'Jesus is speaking of any Jewish **man** in general, not of one particular **man**. If this use of **man** would be misunderstood in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '23', 't21u', 'grammar-connect-condition-fact', 'εἰ περιτομὴν λαμβάνει ἄνθρωπος ἐν Σαββάτῳ', '1', 'If a man receives circumcision on the Sabbath', 'John records Jesus speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might misunderstand and think that what Jesus is saying is not certain, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Since a man receive circumcision on the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '23', 'k04n', 'figs-genericnoun', 'λαμβάνει ἄνθρωπος', '1', '', 'See how you translated **man** in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “men receive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '23', 'owuc', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'ὁ νόμος', '1', '', 'See how you translated **the law** in [1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '23', 'ltsk', 'figs-activepassive', 'μὴ λυθῇ ὁ νόμος Μωϋσέως', '1', '', 'If your language does not use the passive voice, you could say this phrase in an active form and say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “you might not break the law of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '23', 'fbk2', 'figs-idiom', 'μὴ λυθῇ ὁ νόμος Μωϋσέως', '1', '', 'Here, **broken** is used figuratively to refer to disobeying the regulations that God gave in **the law of Moses**. If your readers would misunderstand this use of **broken**, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the regulations of the law of Moses might not be disobeyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '23', 'w9wn', 'figs-rquestion', 'ἐμοὶ χολᾶτε ὅτι ὅλον ἄνθρωπον ὑγιῆ ἐποίησα ἐν Σαββάτῳ?', '1', 'why are you angry with me because I made a man completely healthy on the Sabbath?', 'John records Jesus using the question form for emphasis. If your language does not use this type of question, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “you should not be angry with me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '24', 'x4fl', 'figs-explicit', 'μὴ κρίνετε κατ’ ὄψιν, ἀλλὰ τὴν δικαίαν κρίσιν κρίνετε', '1', 'Do not judge according to appearance, but judge righteously', 'Jesus implies that the people should not decide what is right based only on what they can see. A person does something for a reason and that reason cannot be seen. If it would be more natural in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Do not judge people according to appearance! Instead, decide what is right according to what God says is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '24', 'mrll', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'κατ’ ὄψιν', '1', '', 'If your language does not use an abstract noun for this idea, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **appearance** in another way. Alternate translation: “according to what you see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '24', 'b7zy', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'τὴν δικαίαν κρίσιν κρίνετε', '1', '', 'If your language does not use an abstract noun for this idea, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **judgment** in another way. Alternate translation: “judge righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '25', 'ts7d', 'figs-rquestion', 'οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὃν ζητοῦσιν ἀποκτεῖναι?', '1', 'Is not this the one they seek to kill?', 'Here, **the Jerusalemites** are using the question form for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “This is the one they are seeking to kill!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '26', 'n5pi', 'figs-explicit', 'οὐδὲν αὐτῷ λέγουσιν', '1', 'they say nothing to him', 'They Jerusalemites use this phrase in order to imply that the Jewish leaders are not opposing Jesus. Alternate translation: “they say nothing to oppose him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '26', 's2un', 'figs-explicit', 'μήποτε ἀληθῶς ἔγνωσαν οἱ ἄρχοντες, ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός?', '1', 'It cannot be that the rulers indeed know that this is the Christ, can it?', 'Here, the Jerusalemites ask this question in a way that expects a negative response, but also expresses uncertainty about that response. If your language has a question form that assumes a negative response with uncertainty, you should use it here. Alternate translation: “Could it be possible that the rulers really know this is the Christ?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '26', 'f1jp', 'figs-explicit', 'οἱ ἄρχοντες', '1', '', 'This phrase refers to the Jewish religious leadership, specifically the Jewish council called the Sanhedrin which made decisions about Jewish law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/council]]) If this information would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The members of the Jewish ruling council” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '27', 'rqq8', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῦτον', '1', '', 'Here, John records the Jerusalemites saying **this one** as a disrespectful way to refer to Jesus without saying his name. If your language has a similar way to refer to someone in an indirect but derogatory manner, you may use it here. Alternate translation: “this so-and-so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '28', 'zxh7', '', 'ἔκραξεν', '1', 'cried out', 'Alternate translation: “spoke in a loud voice”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '28', 'ah7u', 'figs-synecdoche', 'ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ', '1', 'in the temple', 'Jesus and the people were actually in the courtyard of the **temple**. See how you translated **temple** in verse [14](../07/14.md). Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '28', 'w35k', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ', '1', 'of myself', 'See how you translated this phrase in verse [17](../07/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '28', 'a2h9', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ πέμψας με', '1', 'he who sent me is true', 'Here, **the one who sent me** refers to God. See how you translated it in verse [16](../07/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '28', 'rc3g', 'figs-explicit', 'ἔστιν ἀληθινὸς ὁ πέμψας με', '1', '', 'Here, **true** could mean: (1) real. In this case, Jesus would be saying that he the God who is real sent him. Alternate translation: “the one who sent me is the real God” (2) truthful. In this case, Jesus would be saying that God is truly the one who sent him. Alternate translation: “the one who sent me is the true sender” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '30', 'kci1', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'οὖν', '1', '', '**Therefore** indicates that this verse states the result of what had happened in the previous verses. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “As a result of Jesus saying these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '30', 'e0ce', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἐζήτουν', '1', '', 'Here, **they** could refer to: (1) the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “the Jewish authorities were seeking” (2) the Jerusalemites. Alternate translation: “the people dwelling in Jerusalem were seeking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '30', 'pamg', 'figs-idiom', 'οὐδεὶς ἐπέβαλεν ἐπ’ αὐτὸν τὴν χεῖρα', '1', '', 'To lay **a hand on** someone is an idiom which means to grab someone or hold onto someone. If this idiom would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “no one grabbed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '30', 'pxr4', 'figs-metonymy', 'οὔπω ἐληλύθει ἡ ὥρα αὐτοῦ', '1', 'his hour had not yet come', 'Here, the word **hour** is used figuratively to refer to the time God had planned for Jesus to be arrested and killed. If your readers would misunderstand this use of **hour**, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the right time to arrest him had not yet come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '31', 'uuzq', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'ἐκ τοῦ ὄχλου', '1', '', 'See how you translated **crowd** in [5:13](../05/13.md). Alternate translation: “from among the group of people” or “from among the many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '31', 'y5m8', 'figs-rquestion', 'ὁ Χριστὸς, ὅταν ἔλθῃ, μὴ πλείονα σημεῖα ποιήσει ὧν οὗτος ἐποίησεν?', '1', 'When the Christ comes, will he do more signs than what this one has done?', 'The **crowd** uses the form of a question to add emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this type of question, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “When the Christ may come, surely he will not do more signs than this one has done!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '31', 'x8e4', '', 'σημεῖα', '1', 'signs', 'See how you translated this term in [2:11](../02/11.md). See also the discussion of **signs** in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. Alternate translation: “significant miracles”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '32', 're08', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'τοῦ ὄχλου', '1', '', 'See how you translated **crowd** in [5:13](../05/13.md). Alternate translation: “the group of people” or “many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '32', 'efsz', '', 'γογγύζοντος', '1', '', "Although the word translated **murmuring** usually refers to grumbling or complaining, here it refers to speaking quietly without a negative meaning. Some people in **the crowd** were discussing whether or not Jesus was the Messiah and didn't want the religious leaders to hear them. See how you translated this word in verse [12](../07/12.md)."]

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '33', 'xm7p', '', 'ἔτι χρόνον μικρὸν μεθ’ ὑμῶν εἰμι', '1', 'I am still with you for a short amount of time', 'Alternate translation: “I will remain with you for only a short period of time”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '33', 'd666', 'figs-extrainfo', 'ὑπάγω', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus uses **go away** figuratively to refer to his death and return to heaven. However, the Jews did not understand this. Therefore, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '33', 'b4m8', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸν πέμψαντά με', '1', 'then I go to him who sent me', 'This phrase refers to God. See how you translated this in verse [16](../07/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '34', 'p7w6', 'figs-infostructure', 'ὅπου εἰμὶ ἐγὼ ὑμεῖς, οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν', '1', 'where I go, you will not be able to come', 'If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to come to the place where I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '35', 'zn29', 'figs-synecdoche', 'εἶπον οὖν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι πρὸς ἑαυτούς', '1', 'The Jews therefore said among themselves', '**The Jews** here refers to the Jewish leaders. See how you translated this term in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “the Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '35', 'ojvy', 'figs-explicit', 'οὗτος', '1', '', 'Here, John records the Jewish leaders saying **this one** as a disrespectful way to refer to Jesus and to avoid saying his name. See how you translated this phrase in verse [15](../07/15.md). Alternate translation: “this so-and-so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '35', 'tc23', 'figs-rquestion', 'μὴ εἰς τὴν διασπορὰν τῶν Ἑλλήνων μέλλει πορεύεσθαι, καὶ διδάσκειν τοὺς Ἕλληνας?', '1', '', 'John records the Jewish leaders using the form of a question to add emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this type of question, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Surely he is not about to go to the dispersion of the Greeks and to teach the Greeks!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '35', 'ef1y', 'figs-explicit', 'τὴν διασπορὰν', '1', '', 'Here, **dispersion** refers to the Jewish people who were spread across the Greek-speaking world that was outside of the land of Israel. If this phrase would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Jews who are dispersed” or “the Jews who are scattered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '35', 'g64h', 'figs-possession', 'τὴν διασπορὰν τῶν Ἑλλήνων', '1', '', 'John records the **Jews** using the possessive form to describe the Jewish people who were dispersed among **the Greeks**. If this use of the possessive form would be confusing in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the dispersion among the Greeks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '36', 'ib6p', 'figs-metonymy', 'τίς ἐστιν ὁ λόγος οὗτος ὃν εἶπε', '1', 'What is this word that he said', 'Here, **word** is used figuratively to refer to the meaning of the message that Jesus had shared. The Jewish leaders had failed to understand that message. If this use of **word** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “What was he talking about when he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '36', 'h18z', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'εἶπε, ζητήσετέ με, καὶ οὐχ εὑρήσετέ; καὶ ὅπου εἰμὶ ἐγὼ, ὑμεῖς οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '36', 'dyy1', '', 'ζητήσετέ με, καὶ οὐχ εὑρήσετέ; καὶ ὅπου εἰμὶ ἐγὼ, ὑμεῖς οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν', '1', '', 'See how you translated this in verse [34](../07/34.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '37', 'elc6', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'About three or four days has passed since the events described in verses [14–36](../07/14.md). It is now the last day of the Festival of Shelters and Jesus speaks to the crowd.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '37', 'ipem', '', 'ἔκραξεν', '1', '', 'See how you translated this in verse [28](../07/28.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '37', 'iy9e', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐάν τις διψᾷ', '1', 'If anyone is thirsty', 'Here, John records Jesus using **thirst** figuratively to refer to a person’s need for God, just as someone would **thirst** for water. If this use of **thirst** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly or with a simile. Alternate translation: “If anyone may recognize your need for God like a thirsty person desires water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '37', 'ayn6', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐρχέσθω πρός με καὶ πινέτω', '1', 'let him come to me and drink', 'Here, John records Jesus using **come** and **drink** figuratively to refer together to believing in Jesus. If this use of **come** and **drink** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly or with similes. Alternate translation: “let him believe in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '38', 'u9cx', 'figs-infostructure', 'ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ, καθὼς εἶπεν ἡ Γραφή', '1', 'He who believes in me, just as the scripture says', 'If it would be natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. You will also need to adjust some words to fit the new order. Alternate translation: “As the scripture says about anyone who believes in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '38', 'wtl7', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'εἶπεν ἡ Γραφή, ποταμοὶ ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας αὐτοῦ ῥεύσουσιν ὕδατος ζῶντος', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “the scriptures say that rivers of living water will flow from his stomach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '38', 'q926', 'figs-personification', 'εἶπεν ἡ Γραφή', '1', '', 'Here, **scripture** is referred to as though it were a person who could speak. If this use of **says** might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “the prophets spoke in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '38', 'uw2q', 'figs-metaphor', 'ποταμοὶ…ῥεύσουσιν ὕδατος ζῶντος', '1', 'rivers of living water will flow', 'Here, **rivers** is used figuratively to refer to a constant and abundant flow of **living water**. If this meaning for **rivers** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “an abundance of living water will flow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '38', 'yt75', 'figs-extrainfo', 'ὕδατος ζῶντος', '1', 'living water', 'Jesus uses **living water** here figuratively to refer to the Holy Spirit who works in a person to save and transform them. However, since John explains this meaning in the next verse, you do not need to explain it further here. See how you translated **living water** in [4:10](../04/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '38', 'y1zb', 'figs-explicit', 'ὕδατος ζῶντος', '1', '', 'Here, **living** is used figuratively to mean “giving eternal life” or “causing people to live forever.” If this use of **living** would be confusing to your readers, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “water that gives eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '38', 'ebk7', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'The pronoun **his** could refer to: (1) the person who believes in Jesus. This meaning is used in most Bible translations and assumes that a new sentence begins at the beginning of this verse. Alternate translation, as in the ULT: “his” (2) Jesus. This meaning is used in some ancient church writings and assumes that the sentence at the end of the previous verse continues into through **the one believing in me** in this verse. Alternate translation: “my” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '38', 'cx1q', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας αὐτοῦ', '1', 'from his stomach', 'Here the **stomach** is used figuratively to refer to the non-physical part of a person. If your language does not use **stomach** in this way, then you can say the meaning with a different expression. Alternate translation: “from inside of him” or “from his heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '39', 'i8wx', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'In this verse John gives information to clarify what Jesus was talking about in the previous verse. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '39', 'qbr1', 'figs-explicit', 'οὔπω…ἦν Πνεῦμα', '1', 'the Spirit had not yet been given', 'John implies here that **the Spirit** would later come to dwell in those who trusted in Jesus. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Spirit had not yet come to dwell in the believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '39', 'n599', 'figs-explicit', 'οὐδέπω ἐδοξάσθη', '1', '', 'Here the word **glorified** could refer to: (1) the time when Jesus would die on the cross and rise from the dead (see John [12:23](../12/23.md)). Alternate translation: “had not yet been crucified and resurrected” (2) the time when Jesus would ascend to his Father in heaven. [Acts 1–2](../act/01/01.md) records the Holy Spirit coming after Jesus went up to heaven. Alternate translation: “had not yet returned to God in glory” (3) both the crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus. Alternate translation: “had not yet been glorified by his death, resurrection, and return to heaven” See the discussion of double meaning in Part 3 of the Introduction to the Gospel of John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '40', 'xvts', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'οὖν', '1', '', '**Then** here indicates that what follows is the continuation of the narrative from verse [38](../07/38.md), which John had interrupted with background information in verse [39](../07/39.md). If your readers would misunderstand this reference to earlier events, you could show this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: “After Jesus had said this about the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '40', 'schi', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'ἐκ τοῦ ὄχλου', '1', '', 'See how you translated **crowd** in [5:13](../05/13.md). Alternate translation: “some from the group of people” or “some from the many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '40', 'ifli', 'figs-metonymy', 'τῶν λόγων τούτων', '1', '', 'John uses the term **words** figuratively to describe the content of what Jesus had said by referring to something associated with it, the **words** he used to communicate it. if this use of **words** might confuse your readers, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “these things he was saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '40', 'shq8', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ προφήτης', '1', 'This is indeed the prophet', 'See how you translated **the prophet** in [1:21](01/21.md). Alternate translation: “the prophet whom God promised to send to us” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '41', 'alq3', 'figs-rquestion', 'μὴ γὰρ ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ὁ Χριστὸς ἔρχεται', '1', 'Does the Christ come from Galilee?', 'John records these people using the form of a question to add emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this type of question, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Indeed, the Christ surely does not come from Galilee!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '42', 'n8nb', 'figs-rquestion', 'οὐχ ἡ Γραφὴ εἶπεν, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ σπέρματος Δαυεὶδ, καὶ ἀπὸ Βηθλέεμ, τῆς κώμης ὅπου ἦν Δαυεὶδ, ἔρχεται ὁ Χριστός?', '1', 'Have the scriptures not said that the Christ will come from the descendants of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David was?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. This group of people does not believe Jesus is the Messiah because they do not think he came from Bethlehem. If your readers would misunderstand this type of question, you could translate the words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “The scriptures surely say that the Christ will come from the seed of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David was!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '42', 'ep4z', 'figs-personification', 'οὐχ ἡ Γραφὴ εἶπεν', '1', 'Have the scriptures not said', 'The **Scripture** is referred to as though it were a person who could speak. If this use of **said** might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “Have the prophets not said in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '43', 'h7d3', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'σχίσμα…ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ', '1', '', 'If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **division**, you could translate it with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the crowd was divided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '43', 'lf5r', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ', '1', '', 'See how you translated **crowd** in [5:13](../05/13.md). Alternate translation: “in the group of people” or “among the many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '44', 'yv80', 'writing-pronouns', 'τινὲς…ἐξ αὐτῶν', '1', '', 'Here, **them** refers to the people in the crowd whom Jesus had just spoken with, particularly those who were opposed to him. If it would be more natural in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “some of his opponents in the crowd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '44', 'rc64', 'figs-idiom', 'οὐδεὶς ἐπέβαλεν ἐπ’ αὐτὸν τὰς χεῖρας', '1', '', 'See how you translated this phrase in verse [30](../07/30.md). Alternate translation: “no one grabbed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '47', 'z95z', 'figs-explicit', 'μὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς πεπλάνησθε?', '1', 'Have you also been deceived?', '**The Pharisees** ask this question in a way that expects a negative response but also expresses uncertainty about that response. If your language has a question form that assumes a negative response with uncertainty, you should use it here. Alternate translation: “Could it be possible that you have also been deceived?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '47', 'i47o', 'figs-activepassive', 'μὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς πεπλάνησθε', '1', '', 'If your language does not use the passive voice, you could say this with an active form and say who did the action. Alternate translation: “He has not also deceived you, has he?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '48', 'e8vu', 'figs-rquestion', 'μή τις ἐκ τῶν ἀρχόντων ἐπίστευσεν εἰς αὐτὸν, ἢ ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων?', '1', 'Have any of the rulers believed in him, or any of the Pharisees?', 'Here, **the Pharisees** use the form of a question to add emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this type of question, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Surely none from the rulers have believed in him, or from the Pharisees!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '48', 'zkmd', 'figs-explicit', 'τῶν ἀρχόντων', '1', '', 'Here, **rulers** refers to the Jewish religious leadership, specifically the Jewish council called the Sanhedrin which made decisions about Jewish law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/council]]) See how you translated this in [3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “a member of the Jewish ruling council” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '49', 'n0am', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'ὁ ὄχλος', '1', '', 'See how you translated **crowd** in [5:13](../05/13.md). Alternate translation: “this group of people” or “these many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '49', 'y4wf', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'τὸν νόμον', '1', '', 'See how you translated **the law** in [1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '49', 'jk8j', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἐπάρατοί εἰσιν', '1', '', 'If your language does not use the passive voice, you could say this with an active form and say who did the action. Alternate translation: “God has cursed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '50', 'u5ha', 'writing-background', 'ὁ ἐλθὼν πρὸς αὐτὸν πρότερον, εἷς ὢν ἐξ αὐτῶν', '1', 'one of the Pharisees, who came to him earlier', 'John provides this information to remind us of who Nicodemus is and the conversation he had with Jesus that is recorded in [chapter 3](../03/01.md). Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “this man was a Pharisee who had spoken with Jesus at an earlier time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '50', 'yw8i', '', 'εἷς ὢν ἐξ αὐτῶν', '1', '', 'Alternate translation: “although he was one of them” or “despite being one of them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '50', 'hj1u', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '51', 'ia3j', 'figs-rquestion', 'μὴ ὁ νόμος ἡμῶν κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ πρῶτον παρ’ αὐτοῦ, καὶ γνῷ τί ποιεῖ?', '1', 'Does our law judge a man … what he does?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this type of question, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Our law certainly does not judge a man unless it might first hear from him and might know what he does!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '51', 'y8df', 'figs-personification', 'μὴ ὁ νόμος ἡμῶν κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ πρῶτον παρ’ αὐτοῦ, καὶ γνῷ', '1', 'Does our law judge a man', 'Here, Nicodemus speaks of the **law** as if it were a person. If this use of **law** is not natural in your language, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “It is not written in our law that we may judge a man unless we might first hear from him and might know … is it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '51', 'c2h5', 'figs-genericnoun', 'τὸν ἄνθρωπον', '1', '', 'Here, **a man** does not refer to a specific man. It refers to any man in general. Alternate translation: “any man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '52', 'pt91', 'figs-rquestion', 'μὴ καὶ σὺ ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας εἶ?', '1', 'Are you also from Galilee?', 'The Jewish leaders know that Nicodemus is not **from Galilee**. They ask this question as a way of scoffing at him. If your language does not use questions in this way, use another way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “You must also be one of those people from Galilee!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '52', 'k6pg', 'figs-ellipsis', 'ἐραύνησον καὶ ἴδε', '1', 'Search and see', 'Here, John records the Jewish leaders leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this sentence, you could supply the missing words from the context. Alternate translation: “Search carefully and read what is written in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '52', 'jm59', 'figs-explicit', 'προφήτης ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας οὐκ ἐγείρεται', '1', 'no prophet comes from Galilee', 'The Jewish leaders believed that Jesus came **from Galilee** and that no **prophet** in the scriptures came **from Galilee**. Therefore, based on their reasoning Jesus could not be a **prophet**. However, what they believed was incorrect. Jesus did not originally come from Galilee, but Bethlehem in Judea. Also, the prophet Jonah came **from Galilee** ([2 Kings 14:25](../2KI/14/25.md)) and [Isaiah 9:1–7](../ISA/09/01.md) said that the Messiah would be a great light rising from Galilee. If your readers might not understand what the Jewish leaders are implying, you could say it explicitly. Alternate translation: “no prophet rises up from Galilee, so this man cannot be a true prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '52', 'i0im', '', 'ἐγείρεται', '1', '', 'Here, **rises up** means to appear. Alternate translation: “appears”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '7', '53', 's5fi', 'translate-textvariants', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The best early texts do not have [7:53–8:11](../07/53.md). The ULT has set them apart in square brackets ([ ]) to show that John probably did not include them in his original text. Translators are encouraged to translate them, to set them apart with square brackets, and to include a footnote like the one written on [John 7:53](../07/53.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', 'intro', 'e667', '', '', '0', '', '# John 8 General Notes

## Structure and formatting

1. Jesus forgives the adulterous woman [8:1–11](../08/01.md)
2. Jesus says he is the light of the world (8:12–20)
3. Jesus says he came from above (8:21–30)
4. Jesus says he frees people from sin (8:31–36)
5. Jesus describes the true children of Abraham and the children of Satan (8:37–47)
6. Jesus is greater than Abraham (8:48–59)

Translators may wish to include a note at verse [1](../08/01.md) to explain to the reader why they have chosen to translate or to not translate verses [8:1–11](../08/01.md). Verses [7:53–8:11](../07/53.md) are not in the best and oldest ancient manuscripts. Those ancient texts which do have these verses also have many differences between them, which are additional evidence that these verses were not originally in the Gospel of John. If the translators have chosen to translate these verses, then they will want to either put them in a footnote outside of the main text or mark them in some way, such as square brackets ([ ]), to indicate that the passage may not have originally been in John’s Gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Light and darkness

Generally in John’s Gospel, light represents what is true and good and darkness represents what is false and evil. Similar to the discussion of light in [1:4–9](../01/04.md), in [8:12](../08/12.md) Jesus applies the light metaphor to himself in order to show that he is the embodiment of God’s truth and goodness. Jesus calls himself the Light of the World because he is the one who enables people to know God’s truth and goodness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]])

### I AM

John records Jesus saying these words as an independent phrase three times in this chapter ([8:24](../08/24.md), [28](../08/28.md), [58](../08/58.md)). They stand alone as a complete sentence, and they literally translate the Hebrew expression “I AM,” by which Yahweh identified himself to Moses in Exodus [3:14](../EXO/03/14.md). For these reasons, many people believe that when Jesus said these words he was claiming to be Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]]).

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “Son of Man”

Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([8:28](../08/28.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. See the discussion of this concept in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '1', 'mkz2', 'translate-textvariants', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'While some texts have [7:53–8:11](../07/53.md), the best and earliest texts do not include them. See the discussion of this textual issue in the General Notes to this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '12', 'm4ma', 'writing-newevent', '', '0', '', 'Jesus is speaking to a crowd near the treasury in the temple some time after the events of [John 7:1–52](../07/01.md). John does not mark the beginning of this new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '12', 'k5ib', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου…ἀλλ’ ἕξει τὸ φῶς', '1', 'I am the light of the world', "Here, John records Jesus using **light** figuratively to refer to God's truth and goodness that are revealed to the world by Jesus. He is the embodiment of God's truth and goodness. See the discussion of **light** and **darkness** in the General Notes to this chapter. If your readers would misunderstand this use of **light**, you could use a simile. Alternate translation: “I am the one who reveals God’s truth and goodness to the world that is like a light … but will have that truth and goodness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])"]

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '12', 'yc5p', 'figs-metonymy', 'τοῦ κόσμου', '1', 'the world', 'Here, **world** refers figuratively to all the people in the world. If this use of **world** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '12', 'zf41', 'figs-idiom', 'ὁ ἀκολουθῶν ἐμοὶ', '1', 'he who follows me', 'Here, John records Jesus using an idiom that refers to becoming Jesus’ disciple and obeying his teachings. If this use of **following** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the one who becomes my disciple” or “the one who obeys me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '12', 'tse3', 'figs-metaphor', 'οὐ μὴ περιπατήσῃ ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ', '1', 'will not walk in the darkness', 'Here, Jesus uses the phrase **walk in the darkness** figuratively to refer to living a sinful life. If this use of **darkness** would be confusing in your language, you could use a simile. Alternate translation: “may certainly not live as if he were living in the darkness of sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '12', 'vw7r', 'figs-possession', 'φῶς τῆς ζωῆς', '1', 'light of life', 'Here, John records Jesus using the the possessive form to describe **light** that gives **life**. If this use of the possessive form is not clear in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “light that brings life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '12', 'lvdg', 'figs-explicit', 'τῆς ζωῆς', '1', '', 'Here, **life** refers to eternal **life**. If your readers would misunderstand this use of **life**, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “of eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '13', 'ih9h', 'figs-explicit', 'σὺ περὶ σεαυτοῦ μαρτυρεῖς', '1', 'You bear witness about yourself', 'The Pharisees assumed that their listeners understood that they were referring to Jesus testifying about himself without there being any other witnesses to confirm his **testimony**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “You are testifying about yourself without any other witnesses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '13', 'mrj6', 'figs-explicit', 'ἡ μαρτυρία σου οὐκ ἔστιν ἀληθής', '1', 'your witness is not true', 'The Pharisees are implying that the **testimony** of only one person **is not true** because of a rule in the law of Moses. According to Deuteronomy [19:15](../DEU/19/15.md), a statement had to be confirmed by at least two witnesses in order to be considered true in legal decisions. If your audience is not familiar with the law of Moses in the Old Testament, then you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “your testimony about yourself cannot be true because the law of Moses requires at least two witnesses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '14', 'bh68', 'figs-you', 'ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐκ οἴδατε', '1', '', 'In verses [14–20](../08/14.md) Jesus uses the plural form of **you** to indicate that he is speaking to the Pharisees. He is not speaking directly to those who believe in him. If it would be misunderstood to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but you Pharisees do not know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '15', 'k92s', 'figs-metaphor', 'τὴν σάρκα', '1', 'the flesh', 'Here, John records Jesus using **the flesh** figuratively to refer to human standards. Such standards are superficial and based on the limitations of sinful human nature. If this use of **flesh** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “standards limited by human nature” or “superficial human standards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '15', 'j79i', 'figs-ellipsis', 'ἐγὼ οὐ κρίνω οὐδένα', '1', 'I judge no one', 'This could mean: (1) Jesus does not judge anyone in the same manner as the Pharisees, that is, **according to the flesh**. Alternate translation: “I do not judge anyone according to the flesh” (2) Jesus is not judging anyone at that time. Alternate translation: “I do not judge anyone at this time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '16', 'ys2e', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμὴ', '1', '', 'If your language does not use an abstract noun for this idea, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **judgment** in another way. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “I judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '16', 'jb2f', '', 'ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμὴ ἀληθινή ἐστιν', '1', 'my judgment is true', 'Here, Jesus is contrasting the nature of the Pharisees’ **judgment** with the nature of his own **judgment**. Alternate translation: “my judgment is right” or “my judgment is according to what is true”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '16', 'ev1r', 'figs-explicit', 'μόνος οὐκ εἰμί', '1', 'I am not alone', 'Here, Jesus implies that he is **not alone** when he judges people. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I am not alone in how I judge” or “I do not judge alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '16', 'cbrc', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ πέμψας με Πατήρ', '1', '', 'Here, this phrase refers to God. See how you translated it in [5:23](../05/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '16', 'r7dx', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ…Πατήρ', '1', 'the Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '17', 'r2r8', 'figs-activepassive', 'γέγραπται', '1', 'it is written', 'If you language does not use the passive voice, you could this in an active form and say who did the action. Alternate translation: “Moses wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '17', 'l6ln', 'figs-explicit', 'δύο ἀνθρώπων ἡ μαρτυρία ἀληθής ἐστιν', '1', 'the testimony of two men is true', 'Here, Jesus is referring to a rule in the law of Moses. According to Deuteronomy [19:15](../DEU/19/15.md), a statement had to be confirmed by at least two witnesses in order to be considered true in legal decisions. If it would be helpful to your readers, then you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “if the testimony of two men agrees, then it is valid” or “if two men say something that agrees, then it should be considered to be true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '18', 'gfd3', 'figs-explicit', 'μαρτυρεῖ περὶ ἐμοῦ ὁ πέμψας με Πατήρ', '1', 'the Father who sent me bears witness about me', 'In addition to Jesus himself, God the **the Father** also **testifies about** Jesus. Jesus thus implies that his testimony is true because there are two witnesses. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “my Father who sent me also brings evidence about me. So you should believe that what we tell you is true” or “my Father who sent me also testifies about me. Therefore, my testimony is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '18', 'ayl5', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ πέμψας με Πατήρ', '1', '', 'Here, this phrase refers to God. See how you translated it in verse [16](../08/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '18', 'ycc8', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ…Πατήρ', '2', 'the Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '19', 'o66t', 'figs-explicit', 'οὔτε ἐμὲ οἴδατε, οὔτε τὸν Πατέρα μου. εἰ ἐμὲ ᾔδειτε, καὶ τὸν Πατέρα μου ἂν ᾔδειτε', '1', '', 'In this verse, **know** refers to knowing who Jesus and God actually are, not just knowing information about them. If your readers might misunderstand this use of **know**, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “You know neither who I am nor who my Father is; if you had known who I am, you would have known who my Father is also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '19', 'b26z', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τὸν Πατέρα', '1', 'my Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '19', 'wcd1', 'grammar-connect-condition-contrary', 'εἰ ἐμὲ ᾔδειτε, καὶ τὸν Πατέρα μου ἂν ᾔδειτε.', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus is making a conditional statement that sounds hypothetical, but he is already convinced that the condition is not true. He knows that the Pharisees do not know who he really is and do not really know God. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a condition that the speaker believes is not true. Alternate translation: “you do not know me, because if you did, you would also know my Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '20', 'p01r', 'writing-background', '', '0', '', 'In this verse, John finishes telling about the events in the story by giving background information about where these events happened. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Some languages may require the information about the setting to be placed at the beginning of this part of the story in [8:12](../08/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '20', 'xa7h', 'figs-metonymy', 'ταῦτα τὰ ῥήματα', '1', '', 'Here, **these words** refers to what Jesus had just spoken in verses [12–19](../08/12.md). If this would be confusing in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “these things about himself” or “these things to the Pharisees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '20', 'witr', 'translate-unknown', 'τῷ γαζοφυλακίῳ', '1', '', 'A **treasury** is the place where treasures are stored. In Jesus’ time, the temple **treasury** referred to a place in the courtyard that had containers for receiving money offerings. If your readers would not be familiar with this use of **treasury**, you could give a fuller description. Alternate translation: “the place where people gave money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '20', 'b11j', 'figs-metonymy', 'οὔπω ἐληλύθει ἡ ὥρα αὐτοῦ', '1', 'his hour had not yet come', 'Here, the word **hour** is used figuratively to refer to the time God had planned for Jesus to be arrested and killed. See how you translated this phrase in [7:30](../07/30.md). Alternate translation: “the right time to arrest him had not yet come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '21', 'ls93', 'writing-newevent', 'εἶπεν οὖν πάλιν αὐτοῖς', '1', '', '**Then again** introduces a new event that happened some time after the events the story has just related. The story does not say how long after those events this new event happened. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “At another time he said to them again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '21', 'lxox', 'figs-extrainfo', 'ἐγὼ ὑπάγω…ὅπου ἐγὼ ὑπάγω', '1', '', 'Two times in this verse Jesus uses **go away** figuratively to refer to his death and return to God in heaven. However, the Jews did not understand this. Therefore, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '21', 'd70v', 'figs-genericnoun', 'ἐν τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ ὑμῶν', '1', '', 'Here, **sin** is singular. This could refer to one: (1) the specific sin of rejecting Jesus as the Messiah. Alternate translation: “in your sin of unbelief” (2) sinfulness in general. Alternate translation: “in your state of sinfulness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '21', 'm0w8', 'figs-infostructure', 'ὅπου ἐγὼ ὑπάγω, ὑμεῖς οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν', '1', '', 'If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “you are not able to come to where I go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '22', 'a4p4', 'figs-synecdoche', 'οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', 'The Jews said', 'Here, **the Jews** refers to the Jewish leaders. It does not refer to the Jewish people in general. See how you translated this term in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “the Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '22', 'upxp', 'figs-explicit', 'μήτι ἀποκτενεῖ ἑαυτὸν', '1', '', 'John records the Jewish leaders using the form of a question in a way that expects a negative response, but also expresses uncertainty about that response. If your language has a question form that assumes a negative response with uncertainty, you should use it here. Alternate translation: “Could it be possible that he will kill himself?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '22', 'vskt', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'ὅτι λέγει, ὅπου ἐγὼ ὑπάγω ὑμεῖς, οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν', '1', '', 'If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Is that why he says that where he goes, we will not be able to come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '22', 'mi1t', '', 'ὅπου ἐγὼ ὑπάγω ὑμεῖς, οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν', '1', '', 'See how you translated this clause in the previous verse.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '23', 'oc6i', 'figs-you', 'ὑμεῖς ἐκ τῶν κάτω ἐστέ', '1', '', 'In verses [23–30](../08/23.md) Jesus uses the plural form of **you** to indicate that he is speaking to the Jewish leaders. He is not speaking directly to those who believe in him. If it would be misunderstood to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “You Jewish authorities are from below” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '23', 'zug9', 'figs-explicit', 'ὑμεῖς ἐκ τῶν κάτω ἐστέ', '1', 'You are from below', 'The phrase **from below** could refer to: (1) the origin of the subject. Alternate translation: “You came from the things below” (2) the place where the subject belongs. Alternate translation: “You belong to the things below” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '23', 'tg9d', 'figs-explicit', 'τῶν κάτω', '1', '', 'Here, John records Jesus using **the things below** figuratively to refer to **this world**. It does not refer to hell. If this meaning for **below** might be misunderstood by your readers, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “You are from this lower world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '23', 'a7ny', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐγὼ ἐκ τῶν ἄνω εἰμί', '1', 'I am from above', 'The phrase **from the things above** could refer to: (1) the origin of the subject. Alternate translation: “I came from the things above” (2) the place where the subject belongs, which is heaven. Alternate translation: “I belong to the things above” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '23', 'qlv4', 'figs-explicit', 'τῶν ἄνω', '1', '', 'Here, John records Jesus using **the things above** figuratively to refer to heaven. If this meaning for **above** might be misunderstood by your readers, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “I am from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '23', 'svn1', 'figs-explicit', 'ὑμεῖς ἐκ τούτου τοῦ κόσμου ἐστέ, ἐγὼ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου', '1', '', 'The phrase **from this world** could refer to: (1) the origin of the subject. Alternate translation: “You come from this world; I do not come from this world” (2) the place where the subject belongs. Alternate translation: “You belong to this world; I do not belong to this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '23', 'w3vx', 'figs-metonymy', 'τούτου τοῦ κόσμου…τοῦ κόσμου τούτου', '1', '', 'Here, **this world** refers to everything in the universe that has been corrupted by sin and is hostile to God. If this use of **world** might be misunderstood by your readers, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “this sinful world … this sinful world” or “this world that opposes God … this world that opposes God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '24', 'jgw4', '', 'ἀποθανεῖσθε ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν…ἐγώ εἰμι, ἀποθανεῖσθε ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν', '1', 'you will die in your sins', 'This phrase **you will die in your sins** is different from the similar statement in verse [21](../08/21.md) because **sins** is plural in this verse but singular in that verse. Therefore, make sure that you translate **sins** differently than how you translated “sin” in verse [21](../08/21.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '24', 'he1k', 'figs-explicit', 'ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι', '1', 'that I AM', 'This could mean: (1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM” in Exodus [3:14](../EXO/03/14.md). Alternate translation: “that I am the I AM” (2) Jesus expects the people to understand that he is referring to what he already has already said about himself in the previous verse: “that I am from above” See the discussion of this phrase in the General Notes for this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '25', 't7tv', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἔλεγον', '1', 'They said', 'Here, **they** refers to the Jewish leaders. If it would be more natural in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Jewish authorities said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '25', 'c106', 'figs-rquestion', 'τὴν ἀρχὴν ὅ τι καὶ λαλῶ ὑμῖν', '1', '', 'John records Jesus using a rhetorical question here to emphasize that he has already told the Jewish leaders who he is. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “I am who I have been telling you I am since the beginning!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '26', 'f9pp', 'figs-infostructure', 'ἀλλ’ ὁ πέμψας με ἀληθής ἐστιν, κἀγὼ ἃ ἤκουσα παρ’ αὐτοῦ, ταῦτα λαλῶ εἰς τὸν κόσμον', '1', '', 'If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases and make a new sentence. Alternate translation: “But I will say to the world the things that I heard from him who sent me. He is true.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '26', 'n3gf', 'figs-extrainfo', 'ὁ πέμψας με…παρ’ αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'These phrases refer to God. However, since the Jewish leaders did not understand what Jesus meant when he used these phrases, you do not need to explain their meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '26', 'ivk5', '', 'ὁ πέμψας με ἀληθής ἐστιν', '1', '', 'Here, **true** means to be truthful or to speak only the truth. If this use of **true** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the one who sent me is truthful” or “the one who sent me tells the truth”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '26', 'xj8y', 'figs-explicit', 'κἀγὼ ἃ ἤκουσα παρ’ αὐτοῦ, ταῦτα', '1', '', 'Jesus says that **the one who sent** him **is true** in order to imply that **these things** he **heard** and spoke are **true**. If it would be more natural in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and the true things that I heard from him, these true things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '26', 'lsc7', 'figs-metonymy', 'ταῦτα λαλῶ εἰς τὸν κόσμον', '1', 'these things I say to the world', 'Here, John records Jesus using **the world** figuratively to refer to the people who live in **the world**. Alternate translation: “these things I say to everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '27', 'i7gq', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'In this verse John gives information about the Jewish leaders to explain their reaction to Jesus’ teaching. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '27', 'hh1s', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τὸν Πατέρα', '1', 'the Father', '**Father** is a special title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '28', 'x6ca', 'figs-explicit', 'ὅταν ὑψώσητε', '1', 'When you have lifted up', 'Here, John records Jesus referring to when he would be **lifted up** on the cross to be killed. If this use of **lifted up** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “When you have lifted me up on a cross to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '28', 'qsch', 'figs-123person', 'ὅταν ὑψώσητε τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', '', 'Jesus is speaking of himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this clause in the first person. Alternate translation: “When you have lifted me, the Son of Man, up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '28', 'er3s', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', 'Son of Man', 'See how you translated this phrase in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '28', 'tcs5', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐγώ εἰμι', '1', 'I AM', 'See how you translated this in verse [24](../08/24.md) and also see the discussion of this phrase in the General Notes for this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '28', 'zysh', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ', '1', '', 'See how you translated this phrase in [5:30](../05/30.md). Alternate translation: “on my own authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '28', 'vq9k', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'καθὼς ἐδίδαξέν με ὁ Πατὴρ, ταῦτα λαλῶ', '1', 'As the Father taught me, I speak these things', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '29', 'w9cl', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ πέμψας με', '1', 'He who sent me', 'Here, this phrase refers to God. See how you translated it in [4:34](../04/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '29', 'vai4', 'figs-metaphor', 'μετ’ ἐμοῦ', '1', '', "Here, Jesus uses **with me** figuratively to refer to God's help. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “helping me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])"]

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '30', 'ld9x', 'grammar-connect-time-simultaneous', 'ταῦτα αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος', '1', 'As Jesus was saying these things', 'Here, John is describing something that happened at the same time as the other clause in the sentence. You can make this clear in your translation with an appropriate connecting word or phrase. Alternate translation: “At the time Jesus was saying these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '31', 'tgat', 'figs-synecdoche', 'τοὺς…Ἰουδαίους', '1', '', 'In verses [31–59](../08/31.md) **those Jews** could refer to: (1) some Jewish people from Judea who were in the temple courtyard with Jesus. Alternate translation: “those Judeans” (2) some of the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “those Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '31', 'f79h', 'figs-you', 'ὑμεῖς', '1', '', 'In verses [31–59](../08/31.md) Jesus uses the plural form of **you** to indicate that he could be speaking to: (1) some Jewish people from Judea who were in the temple courtyard with Jesus. Alternate translation: “you Judeans” (2) some of the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “you Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '31', 'g752', 'figs-idiom', 'μείνητε ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τῷ ἐμῷ', '1', 'remain in my word', 'This is an idiom that means to obey **Jesus**. If this idiom would be confusing in your language, then you can say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “obey what I have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '32', 'esz8', 'figs-personification', 'ἡ ἀλήθεια ἐλευθερώσει ὑμᾶς', '1', 'the truth will set you free', 'Here, Jesus speaks of **truth** figuratively as though it were a person who could **free** someone. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “knowing the truth will cause you to be free” or “if you obey the truth, God will set you free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '32', 'xf9m', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'τὴν ἀλήθειαν…ἡ ἀλήθεια', '1', 'the truth', 'Here, **the truth** refers to what Jesus reveals about God, which would include his plan for forgiving sinful people through Jesus’ death on the cross. If your language does not use an abstract noun for **truth**, you could express the idea behind it in another way. Alternate translation: “what is true about God … those true things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '33', 'n34n', 'figs-rquestion', 'πῶς σὺ λέγεις, ὅτι ἐλεύθεροι γενήσεσθε', '1', 'how can you say, ‘You will be set free’?', 'John records the Jews using the question form here to emphasize their shock at what Jesus has said. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “We do not need to be set free!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '33', 's6jz', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'πῶς σὺ λέγεις, ὅτι ἐλεύθεροι γενήσεσθε', '1', '', 'If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “how can you say that we will be free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '34', 'i2pn', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this is in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '34', 'jg3z', 'figs-metaphor', 'δοῦλός ἐστιν τῆς ἁμαρτίας', '1', 'is the slave of sin', 'Here, John records Jesus using the word **slave** figuratively to refer to someone who cannot stop sinning. This implies that **sin** is like a master for the person who sins. If this use of **slave** would be confusing in your language, you could use a simile instead. Alternate translation: “is like a slave to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '35', 'nfyp', 'figs-genericnoun', 'ὁ…δοῦλος οὐ μένει…ὁ Υἱὸς μένει', '1', '', 'Jesus is speaking of slaves and sons in general, not of one particular **slave** and **son**. If this would be misunderstood in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “slaves do not remain … sons remain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '35', 'sg4a', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ', '1', 'in the house', 'Here, Jesus uses **house** figuratively to refer to the family that lives inside the **house**. If this use of **house** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as a permanent member of a family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '35', 'mknn', 'grammar-connect-logic-contrast', 'ὁ Υἱὸς μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα', '1', '', 'This clause is in contrast to the previous clause. Although slaves do not remain permanent members of the family who owns them, sons are permanent family members. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “but the son remains into eternity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '35', 'j73t', 'figs-ellipsis', 'ὁ Υἱὸς μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα', '1', '', 'Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “the son remains in the house into eternity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '36', 'n6fp', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐὰν…ὁ Υἱὸς ὑμᾶς ἐλευθερώσῃ, ὄντως ἐλεύθεροι ἔσεσθε', '1', 'if the Son sets you free, you will be truly free', 'It is implied that Jesus is talking about freedom from sin. Alternate translation: “if the Son sets you free from sin, you will truly be free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '36', 'w3q1', 'figs-123person', 'ἐὰν…ὁ Υἱὸς ὑμᾶς ἐλευθερώσῃ', '1', 'if the Son sets you free', 'Unlike the generic use of **son** in the previous verse, here Jesus uses **the Son** to refer to himself in the third person. If this is confusing in your language, you can use the first person. Alternate translation: “if I, the Son, free you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '36', 'mapu', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐὰν…ὁ Υἱὸς ὑμᾶς ἐλευθερώσῃ', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus uses **frees** figuratively to refer to stopping people from being controlled by their sinful desires. If this use of **frees** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly or with a simile. Alternate translation: “if the Son frees you from being controlled by sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '36', 'nqcr', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ Υἱὸς', '1', '', '**Son** is an important title for Jesus, **the Son** of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '36', 'ak0s', 'figs-metaphor', 'ὄντως ἐλεύθεροι ἔσεσθε', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus uses **free** figuratively to refer to people no longer being controlled by their sinful desires and thus able to avoid sinning. If this use of **free** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly or with a simile. Alternate translation: “you will truly no longer be controlled by sin” “you will truly be able to refrain from sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '37', 'p4xm', 'translate-names', 'Ἀβραάμ', '1', '', '**Abraham** is the name of a man, the most important ancestor of the Jewish people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '37', 'orw8', 'figs-idiom', 'ὁ λόγος ὁ ἐμὸς οὐ χωρεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν', '1', '', 'This phrase **has no place in you** is an idiom that means to truly accept or believe something. If your readers might understand this idiom, you could use a similar idiom in your language or say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you do not receive my words in your hearts” or “you reject my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '37', 'ph1q', 'figs-metonymy', 'ὁ λόγος ὁ ἐμὸς', '1', 'my word', 'Here, **word** refers to the message or teachings of Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this use of **word**, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '38', 'm62y', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τῷ Πατρὶ', '1', 'I say what I have seen with my Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '38', 'f9yu', 'figs-extrainfo', 'καὶ ὑμεῖς…ἃ ἠκούσατε παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς, ποιεῖτε', '1', 'you also do what you heard from your father', 'In this clause, Jesus uses the phrase **the father** to refer to the devil. Despite using the same words as in the previous clause, here Jesus is not referring to God. However, since Jesus did not yet reveal what he meant when he used this phrase, but was speaking ambiguously, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '39', 'qp2r', 'figs-metaphor', 'ὁ πατὴρ', '1', 'father', 'Here, the word **father** figuratively means “ancestor.” If that use of **father** would be confusing in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Our forefather” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '39', 'wg9n', '', 'λέγει', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '39', 'v7og', 'figs-metaphor', 'τέκνα τοῦ Ἀβραάμ', '1', '', 'Here, the word **children** figuratively means “descendants.” Alternate translation: “descendants of Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '39', 'xcnx', 'figs-possession', 'τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ', '1', '', 'Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **works** that were done by **Abraham**. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the works done by Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '40', 's615', 'writing-pronouns', 'τοῦτο Ἀβραὰμ οὐκ ἐποίησεν', '1', 'Abraham did not do this', 'Here, **this** refers to what Jesus said earlier in the verse about what the Jews were trying to do to him. If it would be more natural in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Abraham did not seek to kill someone who told him the truth from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '41', 'i87r', 'figs-extrainfo', 'ὑμεῖς ποιεῖτε τὰ ἔργα τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν', '1', 'You do the works of your father', 'Jesus uses the phrase **your father** to refer to the devil. However, since the Jews did not understand what Jesus meant when he used this phrase, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '41', 'y82e', 'figs-explicit', 'ἡμεῖς ἐκ πορνείας οὐ γεγεννήμεθα', '1', 'We were not born in sexual immorality', 'Here, the Jews imply that Jesus does not know who his real father is and that he is the result of an immoral sexual relationship. Alternate translation: “We do not know about you, but we are not illegitimate children” or “We were all born from proper marriages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '42', 'nh4m', 'grammar-connect-condition-contrary', 'εἰ ὁ Θεὸς Πατὴρ ὑμῶν ἦν, ἠγαπᾶτε ἂν ἐμέ', '1', '', 'Jesus is making a conditional statement that sounds hypothetical, but he already knows that the condition is not true. Jesus knows that the Jews speaking to him here do not love him and are not true followers of God. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a condition that the speaker believes is not true. Alternate translation: “God is surely not your father, because if he were, you would love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '42', 'mk2w', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ ἐλήλυθα', '1', '', 'Here, **from** is used to indicate Jesus’ origin. He could only have authority if he came from God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “have I come on my own authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '42', 'p7iv', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἐκεῖνός', '1', '', 'Here, **that one** refers to God the Father. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '43', 'ig11', 'figs-rquestion', 'διὰ τί τὴν λαλιὰν τὴν ἐμὴν οὐ γινώσκετε?', '1', 'Why do you not understand my words?', 'Jesus is using a rhetorical question here to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “I will tell you why you do not understand what I say!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '43', 'yham', 'figs-metaphor', 'οὐ δύνασθε ἀκούειν τὸν λόγον τὸν ἐμόν', '1', '', 'Here, **hear** means to listen to something with the intent to heed it and respond appropriately. It does not mean simply to hear what someone says. If this meaning for **hear** would be misunderstood in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are not able to heed my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '43', 'cf8v', 'figs-metonymy', 'τὸν λόγον τὸν ἐμόν', '1', 'It is because you cannot hear my words', 'Here, Jesus uses **words** figuratively to refer to his teachings. See how you translated this phrase in [5:47](../05/47.md). Alternate translation: “my teachings.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '44', 'vgy1', 'figs-explicit', 'ὑμεῖς ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ διαβόλου ἐστὲ', '1', 'You are of your father, the devil', 'The phrase **from your father** could refer to: (1) the person to whom the subject belongs, as in the UST. (2) the origin of the subject. Alternate translation: “You came from your father, the devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '44', 'csgm', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἐκεῖνος', '1', '', 'Here, **that one** refers to **the devil**. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '44', 'pmda', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀνθρωποκτόνος ἦν ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς', '1', '', 'Here, **the beginning** refers to the time when the first humans, Adam and Eve, sinned. It does not refer to the very beginning of time. The devil tempted Eve to sin and Adam sinned as well. Because they sinned, all living things die as part of the punishment for sin. Therefore, Jesus calls **the devil** a **murderer** for starting the process that brought death to the world. You could indicate this explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers, particularly if they would not know the story. Alternate translation: “was a murderer from the time when he tempted the first people to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '44', 'i1e4', 'figs-idiom', 'ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ οὐκ ἔστηκεν', '1', '', 'The phrase **does not stand in the truth** is an idiom that means to not accept or approve of what is true. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “does not approve of the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '44', 'j6rz', 'figs-metaphor', 'οὐκ ἔστιν ἀλήθεια ἐν αὐτῷ', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus speaks figuratively of **truth** as if it were an object that could exist inside someone. If this use of **truth** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “he never speaks the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '44', 'hqmo', '', 'ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων λαλεῖ', '1', '', 'Alternate translation: “he speaks according to his character” or “he speaks what is most natural for him to speak”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '44', 'k1qu', 'figs-metaphor', 'ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ', '1', 'the father of lies', 'Here, Jesus uses **father** figuratively to refer to the one who originated the act of lying. Since **the devil** is the first being to tell a lie, he is called the **father** of lying. Alternate translation: “the one who created it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '44', 'x11i', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, **it** refers to the act of lying. If this use of **it** would be misunderstood by your readers, you can state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the father of lying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '46', 'y3gz', 'figs-rquestion', 'τίς ἐξ ὑμῶν ἐλέγχει με περὶ ἁμαρτίας?', '1', 'Which one of you convicts me of sin?', 'John records Jesus using a rhetorical question here to emphasize that he has never sinned. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “None of you can convict me concerning sin!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '46', 'kh6a', 'grammar-connect-condition-fact', 'εἰ ἀλήθειαν λέγω', '1', 'If I speak the truth', 'John records Jesus speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might misunderstand and think that what John is saying is not certain, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Since I speak the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '46', 'ibp1', 'figs-rquestion', 'διὰ τί ὑμεῖς οὐ πιστεύετέ μοι?', '1', 'why do you not believe me?', 'John records Jesus using a rhetorical question here to scold the Jews for their unbelief. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “you have no reason for not believing me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '47', 'lien', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ ὢν ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ…ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐκ ἐστέ', '1', '', 'The phrase **from God** could refer to: (1) the person to whom the subject belongs, as in the UST. (2) the origin of the subject. Alternate translation: “He who came from God … you did not come from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '47', 'nmmq', 'figs-gendernotations', 'ὁ ὢν ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'Although **He** is masculine, Jesus is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “A person who is from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '47', 'njo6', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἀκούει…ὑμεῖς οὐκ ἀκούετε', '1', '', 'Here, **hear** means to listen to something with the intent to heed it and respond appropriately. See how you translated **hear** in verse [43](../08/43.md). Alternate translation: “heed … you do not heed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '47', 'l7gy', 'figs-metonymy', 'τὰ ῥήματα τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', 'the words of God', 'Here, Jesus uses **words** figuratively to refer what God has said. See how you translated **words** in [5:47](../05/47.md). Alternate translation: “the things that God has said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '48', 'vu1h', 'figs-synecdoche', 'οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', 'The Jews', 'See how you translated **the Jews** in verse [31](../08/31.md). Alternate translation: “the Judeans” or “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '48', 'cic5', 'figs-rquestion', 'οὐ καλῶς λέγομεν ἡμεῖς ὅτι Σαμαρείτης εἶ σὺ, καὶ δαιμόνιον ἔχεις?', '1', 'Do we not truly say that you are a Samaritan and have a demon?', '**The Jews** use a rhetorical question here to accuse Jesus and to dishonor him. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “We certainly say rightly that you are a Samaritan and have a demon!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '48', 'ovbe', 'figs-explicit', 'Σαμαρείτης εἶ σὺ', '1', '', 'Most Jewish people in Jesus’ time hated and despised Samaritans, so his Jewish opponents here called Jesus a **Samaritan** in order to insult him. Use the natural form in your language to indicate that this is an insult. Alternate translation: “you are one of those accursed Samaritans” or “you are an enemy Samaritan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '48', 'fk8t', '', 'δαιμόνιον ἔχεις', '1', '', 'See how you translated this phrase in [7:20](../07/20.md). Alternate translation: “a demon is inside of you!” or “you must be under the control of a demon!”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '49', 'pgts', '', 'ἐγὼ δαιμόνιον οὐκ ἔχω', '1', '', 'See how you translated the similar phrase in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “a demon is not inside of me” or “I am not under the control of a demon”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '50', 'fg43', 'figs-explicit', 'ἔστιν ὁ ζητῶν καὶ κρίνων', '1', 'there is one seeking and judging', 'Here, **one** refers to God. If this use of **one** might be misunderstood by your readers, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “God is the one seeking and judging” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '50', 'd00s', 'figs-ellipsis', 'ὁ ζητῶν', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “one seeking my glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '50', 'cs55', 'figs-ellipsis', 'κρίνων', '1', '', 'Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. Here, **judging** could refer to: (1) God **judging** between what Jesus said about himself and what his Jewish opponents were saying about him. Alternate translation: “judging between your testimony and mine” (2) God condemning those who dishonor Jesus. Alternate translation: “judging those who dishonor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '51', 'fb52', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '51', 'm46r', 'figs-metonymy', 'τὸν ἐμὸν λόγον', '1', 'keeps my word', 'Here, **word** refers to the message or teachings of Jesus. See how you translated this phrase in [5:24](../05/24.md). Alternate translation: “my message” or “what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '51', 'bgrt', 'figs-metaphor', 'θάνατον οὐ μὴ θεωρήσῃ', '1', 'see death', 'Here, Jesus uses **see** figuratively to refer to experiencing or participating in something. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will certainly not experience death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '51', 'gx7l', 'figs-extrainfo', 'θάνατον οὐ μὴ θεωρήσῃ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα', '1', 'see death', 'Here, Jesus uses **death** to refer to spiritual **death**, which is eternal punishment in hell that occurs after physical **death**. However, the Jews did not understand this. Therefore, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. Alternate translation: “he will certainly not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '52', 'e9xz', 'figs-synecdoche', 'οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', 'Jews', 'See how you translated **the Jews** in verse [31](../08/31.md). Alternate translation: “the Judeans” or “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '52', 'bwhv', '', 'δαιμόνιον ἔχεις', '1', '', 'Alternate translation: “a demon is inside of you” or “you must be under the control of a demon”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '52', 'dxll', 'translate-names', 'Ἀβραὰμ', '1', '', '**Abraham** is the name of a man, the most important ancestor of the Jewish people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '52', 'wzq3', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'σὺ λέγεις, ἐάν τις τὸν λόγον μου τηρήσῃ', '1', '', 'If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “you say that if anyone keeps your word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '52', 'zah1', '', 'ἐάν τις τὸν λόγον μου τηρήσῃ', '1', 'If anyone keeps my word', 'See how you translated this in the previous verse.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '52', 'a1ls', 'figs-metaphor', 'οὐ μὴ γεύσηται θανάτου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα', '1', 'taste death', '**The Jews** say here that Jesus used **taste** figuratively to refer to experiencing or participating in something. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will certainly not experience death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '52', 'il4r', 'figs-metaphor', 'θανάτου', '1', '', 'See how you translated **death** in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '53', 'shp3', 'figs-rquestion', 'μὴ σὺ μείζων εἶ τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἀβραάμ, ὅστις ἀπέθανεν?', '1', 'You are not greater than our father Abraham who died, are you?', 'The Jews use this question to emphasize that they do not think that Jesus is **greater than Abraham**. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You are certainly not greater than our father Abraham who died!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '53', 'p38s', 'figs-metaphor', 'τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν', '1', 'father', 'Here, the word **father** figuratively means “ancestor.” See how you translated this phrase in verse [39](../08/39.md). Alternate translation: “Our forefather” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '53', 'cei7', 'figs-rquestion', 'τίνα σεαυτὸν ποιεῖς?', '1', 'Who do you make yourself out to be?', 'The Jews use this question to rebuke Jesus for thinking that he is more important than Abraham. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You should not think that you are so important!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '54', 'ab13', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ Πατήρ', '1', '', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '54', 'lomt', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'ὃν ὑμεῖς λέγετε, ὅτι Θεὸς ἡμῶν ἐστιν', '1', '', 'If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “about whom you say that he is your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '55', 'c3bm', 'figs-metonymy', 'τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus uses **word** figuratively to refer what God has said. If this use of **word** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what God says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '56', 'wofu', 'figs-metaphor', 'ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν', '1', '', 'Here, the word **father** figuratively means “ancestor.” See how you translated this phrase in verse [39](../08/39.md). Alternate translation: “Your forefather” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '56', 'vb1v', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἴδῃ…εἶδεν', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus uses **see** figuratively to refer to experiencing or participating in something. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he might experience … he experienced it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '56', 'tyu5', 'figs-metonymy', 'τὴν ἡμέραν τὴν ἐμήν', '1', 'my day', 'Here, Jesus uses **my day** to refer to the time when Jesus came to earth. If this use of **day** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my coming” or “the time when I would come to earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '56', 'hv5g', 'figs-metaphor', 'εἶδεν καὶ ἐχάρη', '1', 'he saw it and was glad', 'This phrase could mean: (1) Abraham literally **saw** a prophetic vision of Jesus coming to earth. Alternate translation: “he foresaw my coming through revelation from God and was glad” (2) when his son Isaac was born, Abraham metaphorically **saw** that God was beginning to fulfill the covenant that would culminate in Jesus coming to earth. Alternate translation: “he perceived my coming when God gave him a son, and he was glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '57', 'yzf9', 'figs-synecdoche', 'οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', 'The Jews said to him', 'See how you translated **the Jews** in verse [31](../08/31.md). Alternate translation: “the Judeans” or “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '57', 'r1ek', 'figs-rquestion', 'πεντήκοντα ἔτη οὔπω ἔχεις, καὶ Ἀβραὰμ ἑώρακας?', '1', 'You are not yet fifty years old, and you have seen Abraham?', 'Here, **the Jews** opposing Jesus use this question to express their shock that Jesus claims to have seen Abraham. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You are less than fifty years old! You could not possibly have seen Abraham!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '58', 'rnw4', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '58', 'k4tp', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐγὼ εἰμί', '1', 'I AM', 'See how you translated this in verse [24](../08/24.md) and also see the discussion of this phrase in the General Notes for this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '59', 'bxs5', 'figs-explicit', 'ἦραν…λίθους, ἵνα βάλωσιν ἐπ’ αὐτόν', '1', 'Then they picked up stones to throw at him', 'The Jews opposing **Jesus** are outraged at what **Jesus** said in the previous verse. Here, John implies that they **picked up stones** in order to kill him by stoning because he had made himself equal to God (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/stone]]). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “they picked up stones in order to kill him because he claimed to be equal with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '8', '59', 'qwe6', 'figs-synecdoche', 'τοῦ ἱεροῦ', '1', '', '**Jesus** and his Jewish opponents were in the courtyard of **the temple**. See how you translated **temple** in verse [14](../08/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', 'intro', 'hq31', '', '', '0', '', '# John 9 General Notes

## Structure and formatting

1. Jesus’ sixth sign: he heals a blind man (9:1–12)
2. The Pharisees question the formerly blind man whom Jesus healed (9:13–34)
3. Jesus speaks with the formerly blind man and some Pharisees (9:35–41)

## Special concepts in this chapter

### “Who sinned?”

Many of the Jews in Jesus’ time believed that if a person was blind or deaf or crippled, it was because he, his parents, or someone else in his family had sinned. The rabbis even taught that it was possible for a baby to sin while still in the womb. This was not the teaching of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])

### “A sinner”

The Pharisees call some people in this chapter “sinners.” The Jewish leaders thought these people were sinful, but in reality the leaders were also sinful. This can be taken as irony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])

### “He does not keep the Sabbath”

The Pharisees thought that Jesus was working, and so breaking the Sabbath, by healing the blind man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])

## Important metaphors in this chapter

### Light and darkness

The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

### Seeing and being blind

Jesus uses the healing of the blind man as a metaphor for spiritual blindness. Just as a blind man cannot see the physical world, a man who is spiritually blind does not recognize God’s truth, which includes his sinfulness and need for salvation. The blind man in this story is first healed from his physical blindness ([John 9:6–7](../09/06.md)), then from his spiritual blindness ([John 9:38](../09/38.md)). By contrast, the Pharisees are not physically blind but are spiritually blind. Jesus calls the Pharisees blind because they have seen him do great miracles that only someone sent from God could do, but they still refuse to believe that God sent him or that they are sinners who need to repent ([John 9:39–40](../09/39.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “Son of Man”

Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([9:35](../09/35.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. See the discussion of this concept in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '1', 'un4h', 'grammar-connect-words-phrases', 'καὶ', '1', 'Now', '**And** here shows that John intended for the events in this chapter to be directly connected to what Jesus said in the previous chapter. In [chapter 8](../08/01.md), Jesus said that he is the Light of the World. In this chapter, Jesus demonstrates that he is the Light of the World by giving physical sight and spiritual light to a blind man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '2', 'w44c', 'figs-explicit', 'τίς ἥμαρτεν, οὗτος ἢ οἱ γονεῖς αὐτοῦ, ἵνα τυφλὸς γεννηθῇ?', '1', 'who sinned, this man or his parents … blind?', 'This question reflects the ancient Jewish belief that sin caused illnesses and other deformities. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “Teacher, we know that sin causes a person to be blind. Whose sin caused this man to be born blind? did this man himself sin, or was it his parents who sinned?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '2', 'zzh8', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἵνα τυφλὸς γεννηθῇ', '1', '', 'If your language does not use the passive voice, you could say this with an active form and say who did the action. Alternate translation: “so that he might be blind when his mother bore him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '3', 'q69k', 'figs-ellipsis', 'ἵνα φανερωθῇ τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ', '1', '', 'Here, John records Jesus leaving out some information that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “he was born blind so that the works of God might be revealed in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '3', 'agwa', 'figs-possession', 'τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **works** that are performed by **God**. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the works done by God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '3', 'omt9', 'figs-activepassive', 'φανερωθῇ τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'If your language does not use the passive voice, you could say this with an active form, and say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “I might reveal the works of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '3', 'j9re', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἐν αὐτῷ', '1', '', 'Here, **him** could refer to: (1) the man’s body, especially his blind eyes. Alternate translation: “in his body” (2) the man’s body and spirit. Alternate translation: “in his body and spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '4', 'h231', 'figs-exclusive', 'ἡμᾶς', '1', 'We', 'When Jesus says **us** here, he is including himself and the disciples who are with him. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '4', 'qs5q', 'figs-possession', 'τὰ ἔργα τοῦ πέμψαντός με', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **works** that God wants Jesus and his disciples to do. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the works that the one who sent me demands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '4', 'mv5u', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῦ πέμψαντός με', '1', '', 'Here, **the one who sent me** refers to God. See how you translated it in [4:34](../04/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '4', 'x8rx', 'figs-explicit', 'ἕως ἡμέρα ἐστίν; ἔρχεται νὺξ', '1', '', 'Here, **day** and **night** could mean: (1) the time when Jesus was on the earth with his disciples and the time when he was no longer on earth, respectively. Alternate translation: “while I am still with you. The time when I will leave you is coming” (2) a person’s lifetime and the time that person dies, respectively. Alternate translation: “while we are still alive. The time when we will die is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '4', 'g92d', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἕως ἡμέρα ἐστίν', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus uses **day** figuratively. He compares the time when he and his disciples can do God’s work to the daytime, which is the time when people normally work. If this use of **day** might be misunderstood in your language, you could say the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “while it is the time like the daylight hours when people usually work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '4', 'rloj', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἔρχεται νὺξ', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus uses **Night** figuratively. He compares the time when he and his disciples cannot do God’s work to the nighttime, which is the time when people normally cannot work because it is too dark to see. If this use of **Night** might be misunderstood in your language, you could say the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “The time like the night hours when people cannot work is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '5', 'f2xu', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ', '1', 'in the world', 'Here, Jesus uses **world** to refer to the earth on which people live. It does not refer only to the people in the world or to the entire universe. Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '5', 'dd8k', 'figs-metaphor', 'φῶς εἰμι τοῦ κόσμου', '1', 'light of the world', 'See how you translated this clause in [8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate translation: “I am the one who reveals God’s truth and goodness to the world that is like a light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '6', 'y3s4', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐποίησεν πηλὸν ἐκ τοῦ πτύσματος', '1', 'made mud with the saliva', 'Jesus used his fingers to mix the dirt and **saliva** into **mud**. If it would be more natural in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “used his fingers to mix the dirt and saliva to make mud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '7', 'ily8', 'figs-explicit', 'νίψαι…ἐνίψατο', '1', 'wash … washed', 'Here, Jesus wanted the blind man to **wash** the mud off of his eyes in the pool and that is what the man did. Jesus did not want him to bathe or **wash** his whole body. If this use of **wash** might be misunderstood by your readers, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “and wash your eyes … washed his eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '7', 'haum', 'figs-possession', 'τὴν κολυμβήθραν τοῦ Σιλωάμ', '1', '', 'Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **pool** that is called **Siloam**. If this is not clear in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “the pool named Siloam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '7', 'ror0', 'figs-activepassive', 'ὃ ἑρμηνεύεται, ἀπεσταλμένος', '1', '', 'If your language does not use the passive voice, you could express the meaning of the passive verbal form **is translated** with an active form. Alternate translation: “which means ‘Sent’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '7', 'ri9h', 'writing-background', 'ὃ ἑρμηνεύεται, ἀπεσταλμένος', '1', 'which is translated “Sent”', 'Here, John provides a brief break in the story line in order to explain to his readers what **Siloam** means. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “which means ‘Sent’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '7', 'p54y', 'figs-explicit', 'ὃ ἑρμηνεύεται, ἀπεσταλμένος', '1', 'which is translated “Sent”', 'John assumes that his readers will know that he is saying what the name **Siloam** means when translated from the Aramaic language into Greek. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “which is the Aramaic word for ‘Sent’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '7', 'q68b', 'figs-go', 'ἦλθεν', '1', 'which is translated “Sent”', 'As the next verse suggests, the man **came back** to his home, not to Jesus. Your language may say “went” rather than **came** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “went back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '7', 'rj0w', 'figs-explicit', 'βλέπων', '1', '', 'Here, **seeing** means that the man became able to see before coming back. If **seeing** might confuse your readers, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “after becoming able to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '8', 'd1vq', 'figs-ellipsis', 'ὅτι προσαίτης ἦν', '1', '', 'This clause is missing some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “those who had seen that he was a beggar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '8', 'r79x', 'figs-rquestion', 'οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ καθήμενος καὶ προσαιτῶν?', '1', 'Is not this the man that used to sit and beg?', 'The people here are using a rhetorical question to express their surprise at seeing the blind man who has been healed. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “This man is the one who used to sit and beg!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '10', 'm97n', 'figs-activepassive', 'πῶς ἠνεῴχθησάν σου οἱ ὀφθαλμοί?', '1', 'Then how were your eyes opened?', 'If your language does not use the passive voice, you could translate this sentence with an active form and say who the people thought might have done the action. Alternate translation: “How did you open your eyes?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '10', 'yy53', 'figs-metonymy', 'πῶς ἠνεῴχθησάν σου οἱ ὀφθαλμοί', '1', 'Then how were your eyes opened?', 'Here, **eyes** **opened** figuratively describes the ability to see by referring to something associated with vision coming into action, specifically, the **eyes**. If it would be more natural in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “How are you able to see?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '11', 'nii1', 'figs-activepassive', 'ὁ λεγόμενος Ἰησοῦς', '1', 'smeared it on my eyes', 'If your language does not use the passive voice, you could translate this clause with an active form. Alternate translation: “whom we call Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '11', 'a42y', 'figs-explicit', 'πηλὸν ἐποίησεν', '1', '', 'See how you translated a similar phrase in [verse 6](../09/06.md). Alternate translation: “used his fingers to mix the dirt with saliva to make mud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '11', 'b5zf', 'figs-explicit', 'νίψαι…καὶ νιψάμενος', '1', '', 'See how you translated **wash** in [verse 7](../09/07.md). Alternate translation: “wash your eyes … and having washed my eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '11', 'ajxb', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'ἀνέβλεψα', '1', '', 'If your language does not use an abstract noun for this idea, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **sight** in another way. Alternate translation: “I could see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '13', 'cu14', '', 'ἄγουσιν αὐτὸν', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “they brought him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '14', 'dl48', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'In this verse, John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to give background information about when Jesus healed the man. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '14', 'ef0w', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸν πηλὸν ἐποίησεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς, καὶ ἀνέῳξεν αὐτοῦ τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς', '1', '', 'The negative reaction of the Pharisees described in the following verses is based on their belief that Jesus’ actions were considered to be work according to their religious laws. Therefore, they believed that he was disobeying God’s command to rest and not work on the Sabbath. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]). If your readers might misunderstanding this, you could say it explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus made the mud and opened his eyes. These were two deeds the Pharisees considered to be work.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '14', 'qxy9', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἀνέῳξεν αὐτοῦ τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς', '1', '', 'Here, **opened** **eyes** figuratively describes the ability to see by referring to something associated with vision coming into action, specifically, the **eyes**. If it would be more natural in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “caused him to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '15', 'd6xd', 'figs-explicit', 'πάλιν οὖν ἠρώτων αὐτὸν καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι', '1', 'Then again the Pharisees asked him', 'Here, **again** means that this is the second time people questioned the blind man whom Jesus had healed. It does not mean that this is the second time **the Pharisees** questioned him. If this use of **again** might be misunderstood by your readers, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Then, in addition to his neighbors questioning him, the Pharisees also began asking him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '15', 'exy2', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'ἀνέβλεψεν', '1', '', 'See how you translated a similar phrase in [verse 11](../09/11.md). Alternate translation: “he could see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '15', 'g2vb', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐνιψάμην', '1', '', 'See how you translated **washed** in [verse 11](../09/11.md). Alternate translation: “I washed my eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '16', 'hdh9', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸ Σάββατον οὐ τηρεῖ', '1', 'he does not keep the Sabbath', 'The phrase **does not keep the Sabbath** means to disobey the regulations for the Sabbath that God gave in the law of Moses. The Pharisees added many regulations which they considered to be equal with those that God had given. It was these additional regulations that Jesus was disobeying, thereby making the Pharisees very angry with him. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he does not obeying our Sabbath regulations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '16', 'h0tt', 'figs-explicit', 'οὐκ ἔστιν οὗτος παρὰ Θεοῦ ὁ ἄνθρωπος', '1', '', 'Here, **from** is used to indicate Jesus’ origin. He could only have authority if he came **from God**. Since Jesus was not obeying the Pharisees’ rules, they refused to believe that God had given him authority. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “This man does not have God’s authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '16', 'k4sy', 'figs-rquestion', 'πῶς δύναται ἄνθρωπος ἁμαρτωλὸς τοιαῦτα σημεῖα ποιεῖν?', '1', 'How can a man who is a sinner do such signs?', 'Some people are using a rhetorical question here to emphasize that Jesus’ signs prove he is not a sinner. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “A sinner cannot possibly do such signs!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '16', 'qn73', '', 'σημεῖα', '1', 'signs', 'See how you translated this term in [2:11](../02/11.md). See also the discussion of **signs** in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. Alternate translation: “significant miracles”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '16', 'jeyz', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'σχίσμα ἦν ἐν αὐτοῖς', '1', '', 'If your language does not use an abstract noun for this idea, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **division** in another way. Alternate translation: “they divided themselves against each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '17', 'lxnf', '', 'λέγουσιν', '1', '', 'To call attention to a development in the story, John uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “they asked”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '17', 'glud', 'figs-explicit', 'ὅτι ἠνέῳξέν σου τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς', '1', '', 'Because the next verse indicates that the Pharisees did not believe that the man used to be blind, **since** here does not mean that they thought the man had really been healed. If this clause might be misunderstood by your readers, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “since you claim that he opened your eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '17', 'lcb3', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἠνέῳξέν σου τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς', '1', '', 'Here, **opened** **eyes** figuratively describes the ability to see by referring to something associated with vision coming into action, specifically, the **eyes**. See how you translated a similar phrase in [verse 14](../09/14.md). Alternate translation: “he caused you to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '18', 'y3wn', 'grammar-connect-logic-result', 'οὖν', '1', '', '**Therefore** here indicates that what follows is the result of what the man said about Jesus in the previous verse. Because the formerly blind man believed Jesus was a prophet, **the Jews** who opposed Jesus refused to believe that the man had really been blind. If it would be more natural in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Since the man said that Jesus was a prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '18', 'awp6', 'figs-synecdoche', 'οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', '', 'Here, **the Jews** refers to the Jewish leaders, which in this chapter may have been a group of leaders among the Pharisees. It does not refer to the Jewish people in general. See how you translated this term in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “the Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '19', 'npf9', 'figs-activepassive', 'τυφλὸς ἐγεννήθη', '1', '', 'If your language does not use the passive voice, you could say this with an active form and say who did the action. Alternate translation: “he was blind when you bore him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '20', 'pg6a', 'figs-activepassive', 'τυφλὸς ἐγεννήθη', '1', '', 'If your language does not use the passive voice, you could say this with an active form and say who did the action. Alternate translation: “he was blind when his mother bore him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '21', 'ahky', 'figs-explicit', 'ἡλικίαν ἔχει', '1', '', 'The phrase **full maturity** describes a person who is an adult and is legally responsible for himself. If **full maturity** might be misunderstood in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “is an adult” or “is a full-grown man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '22', 'yq73', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'In this verse, John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to give background information about the man’s parents being afraid of the Jewish leaders. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '22', 'k2iw', 'figs-synecdoche', 'τοὺς Ἰουδαίους…οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', 'they were afraid of the Jews', 'Here, **the Jews** refers to the Jewish leaders, which in this chapter may have been a group of leaders among the Pharisees. It does not refer to the Jewish people in general. See how you translated this term in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “the Jewish authorities … those authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '22', 'dgp7', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτὸν ὁμολογήσῃ Χριστόν', '1', 'would confess him to be the Christ', 'Here, **him** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “would confess Jesus as the Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '22', 'yjv9', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἀποσυνάγωγος γένηται', '1', 'he would be thrown out of the synagogue', 'Here, **put out of the synagogue** is a metaphor for no longer being allowed to go into the synagogue and no longer belonging to the group of people who attend services at the synagogue. When people were **put out of the synagogue**, they were shunned by their local community. Alternate translation: “he would not be allowed to enter the synagogue” or “he would no longer belong to the synagogue community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '23', 'go77', 'figs-explicit', 'ἡλικίαν ἔχει', '1', 'he would be thrown out of the synagogue', 'See how you translated this phrase in [verse 21](../09/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '24', 'h1tl', '', 'ἐφώνησαν…τὸν ἄνθρωπον', '1', 'they called the man', 'Here, **they** refers to the Jewish leaders introduced in ([verse 18](../09/18.md))']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '24', 'bkx6', 'figs-idiom', 'δὸς δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ', '1', 'Give glory to God', 'This is an idiom that Jewish people used when commanding someone to take an oath. It first appears in [Joshua 7:19](../JOS/07/19.md) when Joshua orders Achan to confess his sin. Alternate translation: “Speak the truth before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '24', 'ww3t', 'figs-explicit', 'οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος', '1', 'this man', 'Here, John records the Jewish leaders saying **this man** as a disrespectful way to refer to Jesus and to avoid saying his name. If your language has a similar way to refer to someone in an indirect but derogatory manner, you may use it here. Alternate translation: “this so-and-so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '25', 'sr93', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἐκεῖνος', '1', 'that man', 'Here, **that one** refers to the man who had been blind. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the man who had been blind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '26', 'z2l2', 'figs-metonymy', 'πῶς ἤνοιξέν σου τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς', '1', '', 'Here, **open** **eyes** figuratively describes the ability to see by referring to something associated with vision coming into action, specifically, the **eyes**. If it would be more natural in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “How did he cause you to see?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '27', 'cf2d', 'figs-rquestion', 'τί πάλιν θέλετε ἀκούειν?', '1', 'Why do you want to hear it again?', 'John records the man using a rhetorical question here to emphasize his amazement that the Jewish leaders have asked him to tell them again what happened. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “I am surprised that you want to listen again to what happened to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '27', 'rpav', 'figs-irony', 'μὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς θέλετε αὐτοῦ μαθηταὶ γενέσθαι?', '1', '', 'Here, the formerly blind man actually means to communicate the opposite of the literal meaning of his words. He knows that the Jewish leaders do not want to follow Jesus, but asks this question to ridicule them. If this use of irony would be misunderstood in your language, consider expressing the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “It sounds like you also want to become his disciples!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '28', 'h7hy', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐκείνου', '1', '', 'Here, John records the Jewish leaders saying **that one** as a disrespectful way to refer to Jesus and to avoid saying his name. If your language has a similar way to refer to someone in an indirect but derogatory manner, you may use it here. Alternate translation: “of that so-and-so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '28', 'z2tn', 'figs-exclusive', 'ἡμεῖς δὲ τοῦ Μωϋσέως ἐσμὲν μαθηταί', '1', 'but we are disciples of Moses', 'Here, the pronoun **we** is exclusive. The Jewish leaders are speaking only of themselves. Your language may require you to mark this form. Alternate translation: “but we true Jews are disciples of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '29', 'b8id', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῦτον', '1', '', 'Here, John records the Jewish leaders saying **this one** as a disrespectful way to refer to Jesus and to avoid saying his name. If your language has a similar way to refer to someone in an indirect but derogatory manner, you may use it here. Alternate translation: “this so-and-so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '29', 'vv43', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῦτον…πόθεν ἐστίν', '1', 'where this one is from', 'Here, the Jewish leaders use **from** to indicate Jesus’ origin. He could only have authority if he came **from** God, but they say that they do not know where he came **from**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “where this one gets his authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '30', 'd9uh', 'figs-exclamations', 'ἐν τούτῳ γὰρ τὸ θαυμαστόν ἐστιν, ὅτι ὑμεῖς οὐκ οἴδατε', '1', '', 'If the plain statement form for this seems unnatural, you could translate this as an exclamation and may need to make a new sentence. Alternate translation: “This is amazing! You do not know” or “How remarkable! You do not know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '30', 'i3gm', 'figs-explicit', 'πόθεν ἐστίν', '1', 'that you do not know where he is from', 'See how you translated **from** in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “where he gets his authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '30', 'lent', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἤνοιξέν μου τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς', '1', '', 'See how you translated a similar phrase in [verse 14](../09/14.md). Alternate translation: “caused me to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '31', 'e7ec', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἁμαρτωλῶν…οὐκ ἀκούει…τούτου ἀκούει', '1', 'does not listen to sinners … listens to him', 'Here, **hear** and **hears** mean paying attention to or listening to something with the intent to heed it and respond appropriately. It does not mean simply to **hear** what someone says. If this meaning for **hear** would be misunderstood in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “does not heed sinners … he heeds this one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '32', 'b2xt', 'figs-activepassive', 'οὐκ ἠκούσθη', '1', 'it has never been heard that anyone opened', 'If your language does not use the passive voice, you can use an active form. Alternate translation: “no one has ever heard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '32', 'hstv', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἠνέῳξέν…ὀφθαλμοὺς τυφλοῦ γεγεννημένου', '1', '', 'See how you translated a similar phrase in [verse 14](../09/14.md). Alternate translation: “caused one having been born blind to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '32', 'bzxd', 'figs-activepassive', 'τυφλοῦ γεγεννημένου', '1', '', 'If your language does not use the passive voice, you could say this with an active form and say who did the action. Alternate translation: “of one who was blind when his mother bore him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '33', 'tt5e', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'εἰ μὴ ἦν οὗτος παρὰ Θεοῦ, οὐκ ἠδύνατο ποιεῖν οὐδέν', '1', 'If this man were not from God, he could do nothing', 'Here, the formerly blind man uses a double negative sentence pattern to emphasize the positive fact that Jesus must be **from God**. If this double negative pattern would be misunderstood in your language, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “Only a man from God would be able to do anything like that!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '33', 'pyin', 'grammar-connect-condition-contrary', 'εἰ μὴ ἦν οὗτος παρὰ Θεοῦ', '1', 'If this man were not from God, he could do nothing', 'The formerly blind man is making a conditional statement that sounds hypothetical, but he is already convinced that the condition is not true. He has concluded that Jesus must have come **from God** because he healed him. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a condition that the speaker believes is not true. Alternate translation: “If this one were not from God, but he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '33', 'sd3s', 'figs-explicit', 'μὴ ἦν…παρὰ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'See how you translated **from God** in [verse 16](../09/16.md). Alternate translation: “did not have God’s authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '33', 'ry9j', 'figs-explicit', 'οὐδέν', '1', '', 'Here, **anything** does not mean “anything at all.” It means **anything** like the miraculous signs that Jesus was performing, particularly his healing this man who was born blind. If this use of **anything** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “anything like healing a man blind from birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '34', 'da3z', 'figs-rquestion', 'ἐν ἁμαρτίαις σὺ ἐγεννήθης ὅλος, καὶ σὺ διδάσκεις ἡμᾶς?', '1', 'You were completely born in sins, and you are teaching us?', 'The Jewish leaders used a question to emphasize their belief that this man was not qualified to question their opinion. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You were completely born in sins and not qualified to teach us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '34', 'wo1z', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἐν ἁμαρτίαις σὺ ἐγεννήθης ὅλος', '1', 'You were completely born in sins', 'If your language does not use the passive voice, you could say this with an active form and say who did the action. Alternate translation: “Your mother bore you completely in sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '34', 'mcm3', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐν ἁμαρτίαις σὺ ἐγεννήθης ὅλος', '1', 'You were completely born in sins', 'The Jewish leaders mention the formerly blind man being **born in sins** to imply that the **sins** of his parents had caused his blindness. If your readers might misunderstand this use of **born in sins**, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “You were born blind completely because of your parents’ sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '34', 'kl2x', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐξέβαλον αὐτὸν ἔξω', '1', 'they threw him out', 'Here, **threw him out** is a metaphor for no longer being allowed to go into the synagogue and no longer belonging to the group of people who attend services at the synagogue. When people were thrown out of the synagogue, they were shunned by their local community. Alternate translation: “he was forbidden to enter the synagogue” or “he was forbidden to belong to the synagogue community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '35', 'z6r9', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jesus finds the man whom he healed in ([verses 1–7](../09/01.md)) and begins to speak to him and the crowd.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '35', 'amfh', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐξέβαλον αὐτὸν ἔξω', '1', '', 'See how you translated a similar phrase in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “they had forbidden him from entering the synagogue” or “they had forbidden him from belonging to the synagogue community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '35', 'mxkw', 'figs-explicit', 'εὑρὼν αὐτὸν', '1', '', 'Here, **found** implies that **Jesus** had first searched for the man. It does not mean that Jesus unintentionally or accidentally met the man at another time. If it would be more natural in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “having looked for him and found him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '35', 'tw58', 'figs-extrainfo', 'τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', 'the Son of Man', 'Here, Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man”. However, the formerly blind man did not realize that Jesus was speaking of himself and Jesus does not explain the metaphor to him until verse [37](../09/37.md). Therefore, you do not need to explain that Jesus is speaking about himself here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '35', 'v3a0', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', '', 'See how you translated this phrase in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '36', 'gurg', '', 'κύριε', '1', '', 'The formerly blind man calls Jesus **Sir** in order to show respect or politeness. He does not yet know that Jesus is the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lord]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '37', 'z3rk', 'figs-123person', 'καὶ ὁ λαλῶν μετὰ σοῦ ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus is referring to himself in third person. If this is confusing in your language, you can use the first person form. Alternate translation: “and I, the one who is speaking with you, am that one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '38', 'emlm', '', 'Κύριε', '1', '', 'Now that the formerly blind man knows that Jesus is the **Lord,** he calls Jesus **Lord**. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lord]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '38', 'gf4d', 'figs-ellipsis', 'πιστεύω', '1', '', 'Here, the formerly blind man is leaving out some words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could supply these words from [verse 36](../09/36.md). Alternate translation: “I believe that you are the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '39', 'azp3', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'εἰς κρίμα', '1', '', 'If your language does not use an abstract noun for this idea, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **judgment** in another way. Alternate translation: “In order to judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '39', 'te5y', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἵνα οἱ μὴ βλέποντες, βλέπωσιν; καὶ οἱ βλέποντες, τυφλοὶ γένωνται', '1', 'so that those who do not see may see and so that those who see may become blind', 'Here, **not seeing**, **see**, **seeing**, and **become blind** are metaphors. See the discussion of these metaphors in the General Notes for this chapter. If your readers would not understand these uses of these words, you could use similes or say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “so that those who know they are spiritually blind might receive spiritual sight, and those who falsely think they have spiritual sight might remain spiritually blind” or “so that those who recognize that they don’t know God might know him, and those who falsely think they know God might continue not knowing him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '39', 't9vo', 'grammar-connect-logic-goal', 'ἵνα οἱ μὴ βλέποντες, βλέπωσιν; καὶ οἱ βλέποντες, τυφλοὶ γένωνται', '1', 'so that those who do not see may see and so that those who see may become blind', 'Here, **so that** could indicate that: (1) the rest of the verse is the result of Jesus’ **judgment**, which may require starting a new sentence. Alternate translation: “The result of my judgment will be that those not seeing might see and those seeing might become blind” (2) the rest of the verse is an explanation of the **judgment** Jesus mentioned at the beginning of the verse, which may also require starting a new sentence. Alternate translation: “That judgment is that those not seeing might see and those seeing might become blind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '40', 'd8mm', 'figs-rquestion', 'μὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς τυφλοί ἐσμεν', '1', 'Are we also blind?', 'John records several **Pharisees** using a rhetorical question here to emphasize that they do not think that they are spiritually blind. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “We surely are not also blind!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '40', 'c8zs', 'figs-metaphor', 'μὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς τυφλοί ἐσμεν', '1', 'Are we also blind?', 'Here to be **blind** is a metaphor for not knowing God’s truth. If your readers would not understand this use of **blind**, you could use a simile or say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “We are not also ignorant of God’s truth, are we?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '41', 'rh3l', 'figs-metaphor', 'εἰ τυφλοὶ ἦτε, οὐκ ἂν εἴχετε ἁμαρτίαν', '1', 'If you were blind, you would have no sin', 'See how you translated **blind** in [verses 39–40](../09/39.md). Alternate translation: “If you did not know God’s truth, you would have no sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '41', 'bj0s', 'figs-metaphor', 'οὐκ ἂν εἴχετε ἁμαρτίαν…ἡ ἁμαρτία ὑμῶν μένει', '1', 'If you were blind, you would have no sin', 'In these two phrases, Jesus speaks figuratively of **sin** as if it were an object that a person could possess or that could remain with a person. If this use of **sin** might be misunderstood in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you would not be sinful … you are still sinful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '41', 'jmq7', 'figs-metaphor', 'λέγετε, ὅτι βλέπομεν, ἡ ἁμαρτία ὑμῶν μένει', '1', '', 'See how you translated **see** in [verse 39](../09/39.md). Alternate translation: “you say, ‘We know God’s truth,’ your sin remains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '9', '41', 'ch0y', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'λέγετε, ὅτι βλέπομεν', '1', '', 'If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “you say that you see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', 'intro', 'e8mb', '', '', '0', '', '# John 10 General Notes

## Structure and formatting

1. Jesus tells the Parable of the Sheep Pen (10:1–6)
2. Jesus says he is the gate of the sheep pen (10:7–10)
3. Jesus says he is the Good Shepherd (10:11–18)
4. The Jewish leaders disagree about who Jesus is (10:19–21)
5. Jesus says he is God at the Festival of Dedication (10:22–42)

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Blasphemy

When a person claims that he is God or that God has told him to speak when God has not told him to speak, this is called blasphemy. The law of Moses commanded the Israelites to kill blasphemers by throwing stones at them until they died. When Jesus said, “I and the Father are one,” the Jews thought he was blaspheming, so they picked up stones to kill him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blasphemy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Parable

Parables were short stories that Jesus told so that people who wanted to believe in him could easily understand the lesson he was trying to teach them. But people who did not want to believe in him would not be able to understand the message ([John 10:1–6](../10/01.md)).

### Sheep

Jesus spoke metaphorically of people as sheep because sheep do not see well, do not think well, often walk away from those who care for them, and cannot defend themselves when other animals attack them. God’s people also rebel against him and do not know when they are doing wrong. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/sheep]])

### Sheep pen

A sheep pen was a space with a stone wall around it in which shepherds would keep their sheep. There were large sheep pens in which multiple flocks were kept, and also smaller sheep pens for a single flock. Once they were inside the sheep pen, the sheep could not run away, and animals and thieves could not easily get inside to kill or steal them. In [John 10:1–5](../10/01.md), Jesus uses the sheep pen as a metaphor for the people of Israel. Out of the “sheep pen” of the Jewish people, Jesus calls his first “sheep.”

### Laying down and taking up life

Jesus speaks of his life as if it were a physical object that he could: (1) lay down on the ground, which is a metaphor for dying, or (2) pick up again, which is a metaphor for becoming alive again.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '1', 'gzd8', 'figs-parables', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'In [verses 1–5](../10/01.md), Jesus speaks a parable, which he then uses for teaching purposes in [verses 7–18](../10/07.md). Here, the “shepherd” is a metaphor for Jesus and “sheep” is a metaphor for people. “His own sheep” are the people who follow Jesus, and the **thief**, **robber**, and “strangers” are the Jewish leaders, including the Pharisees, who try to deceive the people. Since Jesus does not explain the meaning of this parable here, you should not explain the metaphors within the parable itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '1', 'ab9x', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'In [verses 1–21](../10/01.md), Jesus continues to speak to the Pharisees whom he was speaking with at the end of the last chapter. This section continues the story which began in [9:35](../09/35.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '1', 'i3tj', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this is in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '1', 'xq1f', 'translate-unknown', 'αὐλὴν τῶν προβάτων', '1', 'sheep pen', 'A **sheep pen** is a fenced area where a shepherd keeps his sheep. See the discussion of this term in the General Notes for this chapter. If your readers would not be familiar with this way of protecting livestock, you could use a general expression for a roofless space surrounded by walls or a fence. Alternate translation: “the walled area for protecting the sheep” or “the place where sheep are kept” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '1', 'zz7x', 'figs-explicit', 'κλέπτης…καὶ λῃστής', '1', 'a thief and a robber', 'The words translated **thief** and **robber** describe two different kinds of criminals. A **thief** is a person who steals by stealth, but a **robber** is a person who steals by force or violence. For this reason, you may want to use “or” instead of **and** between these two terms. Alternate translation: “a thief or a robber” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '2', 'ib4y', 'figs-possession', 'ποιμήν…τῶν προβάτων', '1', '', 'Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **shepherd** who takes care of **the sheep**. If this is not clear in your language, you could use say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “the shepherd who cares for the sheep” or “the shepherd in charge of the sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '3', 'uy2v', 'translate-unknown', 'ὁ θυρωρὸς', '1', 'The gatekeeper opens for him', 'A **gatekeeper** is a person who guards the sheep pen and opens the gate for the shepherd. If your readers would not be familiar with this way of protecting livestock, you could use a general expression for a person who guards an entrance. Alternate translation: “the gate guard” or “the person guarding the gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '3', 'q48q', 'figs-ellipsis', 'ὁ θυρωρὸς ἀνοίγει', '1', 'The gatekeeper opens', 'Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could supply these words from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “The gatekeeper opens the gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '3', 'ploz', 'writing-pronouns', 'τούτῳ…τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ…τὰ ἴδια πρόβατα φωνεῖ ', '1', '', 'In this verse, **this one**, **his**, and **he** refer to the shepherd mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be more natural in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for this shepherd … the shepherd’s voice … the shepherd calls his own sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '3', 'db3c', 'figs-metaphor', 'τὰ πρόβατα τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούει', '1', 'The sheep hear his voice', 'Here, **hear** could mean: (1) all the sheep in the pen **hear** the shepherd’s **voice**, but not all of them respond to it, as in the ULT. This meaning implies that there are multiple flocks in the sheep pen. (2) the sheep that belong to the shepherd heed or obey his **voice**. This is implies that **the sheep** are identical with **his own sheep**. Alternate translation: “the sheep heed his voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '3', 'zxsd', 'figs-explicit', 'τὰ ἴδια πρόβατα φωνεῖ κατ’ ὄνομα', '1', '', 'Here, **his own sheep** are designated as a separate group among **the sheep** of the previous clause. If this might be confusing to your readers, you could say it explicitly. Alternate translation: “he calls his own sheep by name out from among all the sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '4', 'n1ta', 'figs-explicit', 'ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν πορεύεται', '1', 'he goes ahead of them', 'Shepherds in Jesus’ culture led their sheep by walking in front of them. If people who take care of livestock in your culture do not do this, you might need to say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he leads them to pasture by walking in front of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '5', 'z8dm', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'τῶν ἀλλοτρίων τὴν φωνήν', '1', '', 'Here, the word **voice** is singular in form, but it refers to all of the strangers’ voices as a group. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you can use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the voices of strangers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '6', 'u3nw', 'figs-parables', 'ταύτην τὴν παροιμίαν', '1', 'this parable', 'This **parable** is an illustration from the work of shepherds that uses metaphors. See the discussion of parables in the General Notes for this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '6', 'i3ot', 'writing-pronouns', 'αὐτοῖς', '1', 'this parable', 'In this verse, **them**, **those ones**, and **they** refer to the Pharisees, whom Jesus was speaking with in [9:40–41](../09/35.md). If it would be more natural in your language, you could say this explicitly, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '7', 'q3na', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'In [verses 7–18](../10/07.md), Jesus uses ideas from the parable he told in [verses 1–5](../10/01.md) in order to teach about himself, those who believe in him, and those who deceive the people.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '7', 'q4hs', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this is in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '7', 'nj4k', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ θύρα τῶν προβάτων', '1', 'I am the gate', 'Here, Jesus uses the word **gate** differently than he did in [verse 1–2](../10/01.md). Here, Jesus uses **gate** figuratively to say that he provides access into heaven, where God dwells. If this use of **gate** would be confusing in your language, you could use a simile. Alternate translation: “I am like the gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '7', 'wk8s', 'figs-possession', 'ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ θύρα τῶν προβάτων', '1', '', 'Jesus is using the possessive form to describe himself as a **gate** that is for **the sheep** to use. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “I am the gate for the sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '7', 'posn', 'figs-metaphor', 'τῶν προβάτων', '1', 'I am the gate of the sheep', 'Here, Jesus uses **sheep** figuratively to refer to people who believe in him. If this use of **sheep** might be misunderstood in your language, you could use a simile. Alternate translation: “of those who follow me like sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '8', 'k4z6', 'figs-hyperbole', 'πάντες ὅσοι ἦλθον πρὸ ἐμοῦ', '1', 'Everyone who came before me', '**Everyone** here is an exaggeration that refers to the majority of Israel’s leaders, including the Pharisees and other Jewish leaders. Not every leader of Israel throughout history was wicked, but most were. If this use of **Everyone** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “Most leaders who came before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '8', 'hqq3', 'figs-metaphor', 'κλέπται…καὶ λῃσταί', '1', 'a thief and a robber', 'Here, Jesus uses **thief** and **robber** figuratively to refer to the Jewish leaders who were deceiving the people. If this use of **thief** and **robber** might be misunderstood by your readers, you could use a simile. Alternate translation: “like a thief and a robber” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '8', 'o7ou', 'figs-explicit', 'κλέπται…καὶ λῃσταί', '1', 'a thief and a robber', 'The words translated **thief** and **robber** describe two different kinds of criminals. See how you translated this expression in [verse 1](../10/01.md). Alternate translation: “a thief or a robber” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '8', 'z4hb', 'figs-metaphor', 'τὰ πρόβατα', '1', '', 'In this verse, Jesus uses **sheep** figuratively to refer specifically to the Jewish people who believed in him. If this use of **sheep** might be misunderstood by your readers, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the sheep who follow me” or “the sheep, my disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '8', 'xa5u', 'figs-metaphor', 'οὐκ ἤκουσαν αὐτῶν', '1', '', 'Here, **hear** means listening to something with the intent to heed it and respond appropriately. It does not mean simply to **hear** what someone says. If this meaning for hearing would be misunderstood in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “did not heed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '9', 'yp3g', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ θύρα', '1', 'I am the gate', 'Here, Jesus uses the word **gate** figuratively to say that he provides access into heaven, where God dwells. See how you translated this phrase in [verse 7](../10/07.md). Alternate translation: “I am like the gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '9', 'gda6', 'figs-metaphor', 'δι’ ἐμοῦ ἐάν τις εἰσέλθῃ', '1', 'I am the gate', 'Here, Jesus uses **enters through me** figuratively to refer to trusting in him for salvation. If this might be confusing to your readers, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “If anyone believes in me for salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '9', 'xl78', 'figs-metaphor', 'σωθήσεται', '1', 'I am the gate', 'Here, **saved** refers to being **saved** from the eternal punishment in hell that all people deserve because of their sins. If this use of **saved** might be misunderstood by your readers, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “he will be saved from hell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '9', 'nmvk', 'figs-activepassive', 'σωθήσεται', '1', 'I am the gate', 'If it would be more natural in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will save him” or “I will save him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '9', 'n70e', 'figs-idiom', 'εἰσελεύσεται, καὶ ἐξελεύσεται', '1', 'I am the gate', 'The phrase **go in and go out** is a common Old Testament idiom meaning to travel and move around freely in a safe environment. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “he will move about freely” or “he will go around in a safe environment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '9', 'in9p', 'figs-metaphor', 'νομὴν εὑρήσει', '1', 'pasture', 'Here, Jesus uses the phrase ** find pasture** to refer to having one’s needs provided for. If this might be misunderstood in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will find sustenance” or “will receive everything that he needs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '10', 'ymc7', 'figs-genericnoun', 'ὁ κλέπτης', '1', 'does not come if he would not steal', 'Jesus is speaking of thieves in general, not of one particular **thief**. If this would be misunderstood in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “A thief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '10', 'nicf', 'figs-metaphor', 'ὁ κλέπτης', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus uses **thief** figuratively to refer to the Jewish leaders who were deceiving the people. See how you translated the similar use of this word in [verse 8](../10/08.md). Alternate translation: “Every leader is like a thief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '10', 'h2gf', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'οὐκ ἔρχεται εἰ μὴ ἵνα κλέψῃ', '1', 'does not come if he would not steal', 'If this double negative would be misunderstood in your language, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “comes only in order that he might steal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '10', 'h56c', 'figs-ellipsis', 'κλέψῃ, καὶ θύσῃ, καὶ ἀπολέσῃ', '1', 'steal and kill and destroy', 'Here, Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “he might steal and kill and destroy the sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '10', 'zho7', 'writing-pronouns', 'ἔχωσιν', '1', '', 'Here, **they** refers to the sheep, which is a metaphor for God’s people. If it would be clearer in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “the sheep might have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '10', 'j2k6', 'figs-explicit', 'ἵνα ζωὴν ἔχωσιν', '1', 'so that they will have life', 'Here, **life** refers to eternal **life**. If this use of **life** might be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “so that they might have eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '10', 'fnu5', 'figs-explicit', 'καὶ περισσὸν ἔχωσιν', '1', '', "Here, **abundantly** implies that the eternal **life** Jesus' followers will receive has more blessings than anyone could expect. If this use of **abundantly** might be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “and might have it with abundant blessings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])"]

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '11', 'x196', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'In [verses 11–18](../10/11.md), Jesus uses ideas from the parable he told in [verses 1–5](../10/01.md) to proclaim that he is the good shepherd who leads his sheep to heaven and takes care of them.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '11', 'xs4m', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός', '1', 'I am the good shepherd', 'Here, Jesus uses the phrase **good shepherd** figuratively to refer to himself. Just as a **good shepherd** takes care of his **sheep**, Jesus takes care of his followers. If this use of **shepherd** might be misunderstood in your language, you could use a simile. Alternate translation: “I am like a good shepherd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '11', 'llr4', 'figs-euphemism', 'τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ τίθησιν', '1', 'lays down his life', 'Here, Jesus uses **lays down his life** to refer to voluntarily dying. This is a polite way of referring to something unpleasant. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could use a different polite way of referring to this or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “voluntarily dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '11', 'p4tv', 'figs-metaphor', 'τῶν προβάτων', '1', 'lays down his life', 'See how you translated **sheep** in the [verse 8](../10/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '12', 'ym8w', 'figs-metaphor', 'ὁ μισθωτὸς', '1', 'The hired servant', 'Here, Jesus uses the phrase **hired servant** figuratively to refer to the Jewish leaders and teachers. If this use of the phrase might confuse your readers, you could use a simile or say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Each of your leaders is like a hired servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '12', 'n6ci', 'figs-activepassive', 'ὁ μισθωτὸς', '1', 'The hired servant', 'If it would be more natural in your language, you could say this passive phrase with an active form. Alternate translation: “the man whom someone hired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '12', 'bbwn', 'translate-unknown', 'τὸν λύκον…ὁ λύκος', '1', 'The hired servant', 'A **wolf** is a fierce wild dog that is known for attacking and devouring livestock. If your readers would not be familiar with this animal, you could use the name of a fierce predator or wild dog in your area that commonly eats farmers’ livestock, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the fierce predator … that predator” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '12', 'ue4m', 'figs-metaphor', 'τὰ πρόβατα…τὰ πρόβατα', '2', 'abandons the sheep', 'See how you translated **sheep** in the [verse 8](../10/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '12', 'j3rc', 'grammar-connect-time-sequential', 'ὁ λύκος ἁρπάζει αὐτὰ καὶ σκορπίζει', '1', '', 'This clause describes two events. The first event causes the second event. When **the wolf** attacks and **seizes** a sheep, the other sheep scatter. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could show this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: “the wolf seizes a sheep and then the rest of the sheep scatter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '13', 'ra00', 'figs-activepassive', 'μισθωτός', '1', '', 'See how you translated a similar phrase in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '13', 'szr8', 'figs-metaphor', 'οὐ μέλει αὐτῷ περὶ τῶν προβάτων', '1', 'does not care for the sheep', 'Here, Jesus compares a **hired man** who abandons **the sheep** to the Jewish leaders and teachers who do not care for God’s people. See how you translated **sheep** in the [verse 8](../10/08.md). Alternate translation: “he is not concerned about the sheep, just like your leaders are not concerned about God’s people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '14', 'fg93', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός', '1', 'I am the good shepherd', 'See how you translated this in [verse 11](../10/11.md). Alternate translation: “I am like a good shepherd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '15', 'qr9g', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ Πατὴρ…τὸν Πατέρα', '1', 'The Father knows me, and I know the Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '15', 'pn9w', 'figs-euphemism', 'τὴν ψυχήν μου τίθημι', '1', 'I lay down my life for the sheep', 'See how you translated the similar phrase in [verse 11](../10/11.md). Alternate translation: “I voluntarily die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '15', 'mwpf', 'figs-metaphor', 'τῶν προβάτων', '1', 'I lay down my life for the sheep', 'See how you translated this phrase in the [verse 8](../10/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '16', 'y3g7', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἄλλα πρόβατα ἔχω', '1', 'I have other sheep', 'Here, Jesus uses **other sheep** figuratively to refer to his followers who are not Jews. If this use of **other sheep** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “I have disciples from a different group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '16', 'la1v', 'figs-metaphor', 'τῆς αὐλῆς ταύτης', '1', 'I have other sheep', 'Here, Jesus uses **sheep pen** figuratively to refer to the people of Israel. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. If this use of **sheep pen** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the Jewish people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '16', 'v95z', 'figs-ellipsis', 'κἀκεῖνα…ἀγαγεῖν', '1', 'I have other sheep', 'Jesus is leaving out some of the words that this phrase would need in many languages to be complete. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could supply these words from the context. This could mean: (1) Jesus will bring them to himself, as in the UST. (2) Jesus will bring them to God. Alternate translation: “to bring them also to God”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '16', 'kq11', 'figs-metaphor', 'τῆς φωνῆς μου ἀκούσουσιν', '1', 'I have other sheep', 'Here, **hear** means listening to something with the intent to heed it and respond appropriately. See how you translated this word in [verse 8](../10/08.md). Alternate translation: “they will heed my voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '16', 'w86n', 'figs-metaphor', 'μία ποίμνη', '1', 'one flock and one shepherd', 'Here, Jesus uses **flock** figuratively to refer to all of his followers, including Jews and non-Jews, as if they are one group like a **flock** of **sheep**. If this would be confusing in your language, you could use a simile or say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “one group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '16', 'bobi', 'figs-metaphor', 'εἷς ποιμήν', '1', 'one flock and one shepherd', 'Here, Jesus uses **shepherd** figuratively to refer to himself. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for the chapter. See also how you translated **shepherd** in [verse 11](../10/11.md). Alternate translation: “one group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '17', 'kd16', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Jesus finishes speaking to the crowd.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '17', 'i59j', 'figs-infostructure', 'διὰ τοῦτό, με ὁ Πατὴρ ἀγαπᾷ, ὅτι ἐγὼ τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν μου, ἵνα πάλιν λάβω αὐτήν', '1', '', 'Here, **this** refers to all the information in the second clause. If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “Because I lay down my life so that I might take it up again, the Father loves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '17', 'kpr5', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατὴρ', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '17', 'wc4l', 'figs-euphemism', 'ἐγὼ τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν μου', '1', 'I lay down my life so that I may take it again', 'See how you translated the similar phrase in [verse 11](../10/11.md). Alternate translation: “I voluntarily die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '17', 's9ck', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἵνα πάλιν λάβω αὐτήν', '1', 'so that I may take it again', 'Here, Jesus figuratively refers to becoming alive again as if life were an object that he could **take up**. If this use of **take up** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “so that I might cause myself to be alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '18', 'z4xh', 'figs-metaphor', 'οὐδεὶς ἦρεν αὐτὴν ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus figuratively refers to someone killing him as if life were an object that could be taken away. If this use of **takes away** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “No one is causing me to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '18', 'rnj4', 'figs-euphemism', 'ἐγὼ τίθημι αὐτὴν…θεῖναι αὐτήν', '1', 'I lay it down of myself', 'See how you translated the similar phrase in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “I voluntarily die … to voluntarily die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '18', 'j945', 'figs-rpronouns', 'ἐγὼ τίθημι αὐτὴν ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ', '1', 'I lay it down of myself', 'The reflexive pronoun **myself** is used here to emphasize that Jesus voluntarily lays down his own life. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this emphasis. Alternate translation: “I myself lay it down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '18', 'lo79', 'figs-metaphor', 'πάλιν λαβεῖν αὐτήν', '1', '', 'See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “to cause myself to be alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '18', 's13n', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τοῦ Πατρός μου', '1', '', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '19', 'wft1', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'σχίσμα πάλιν ἐγένετο ἐν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις', '1', '', 'If your language does not use an abstract noun for this idea, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **division** in another way. Alternate translation: “The Jews divided themselves against each other again” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '19', 'g4rs', 'figs-synecdoche', 'τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις', '1', '', 'Here, **the Jews** refers to the Jewish leaders, which in this chapter and the previous chapter may have been a group of leaders among the Pharisees. It does not refer to the Jewish people in general. See how you translated this term in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “the Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '19', 'nici', 'figs-metonymy', 'διὰ τοὺς λόγους τούτους', '1', '', 'Here, **these words** refers to what Jesus has just said to **the Jews** in the previous verses. It wasn’t the words themselves that caused division, but the meaning of what Jesus said. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “because of the things he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '20', 'uoce', '', 'δαιμόνιον ἔχει', '1', '', 'See how you translated a similar phrase in [7:20](../07/20.md). Alternate translation: “A demon is inside of him!” or “He must be under the control of a demon!”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '20', 'gm3r', 'figs-rquestion', 'τί αὐτοῦ ἀκούετε?', '1', 'Why do you listen to him?', 'Jesus’ opponents are using the form of a question to emphasize that the people should not listen to Jesus. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You should certainly not listen to him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '21', 'zrwb', 'figs-metonymy', 'ταῦτα τὰ ῥήματα οὐκ ἔστιν δαιμονιζομένου', '1', '', 'Here, **words** refers to what a **demon-possessed man** would say. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “These things are not what a demon-possessed man would say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '21', 'mj2b', 'figs-rquestion', 'μὴ δαιμόνιον δύναται τυφλῶν ὀφθαλμοὺς ἀνοῖξαι?', '1', 'Can a demon open the eyes of the blind?', 'The people are using the form of a question to emphasize that they do not believe that a **demon** could heal a **blind** person. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Certainly a demon cannot cause a blind man to see!” or “Certainly a demon cannot give sight to blind people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '21', 'dcau', 'figs-metonymy', 'τυφλῶν ὀφθαλμοὺς ἀνοῖξαι', '1', 'Can a demon open the eyes of the blind?', 'Here, **open the eyes** figuratively describes the ability to see by referring to something associated with vision coming into action, specifically, **the eyes**. If it would be more natural in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to caused the blind to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '22', 'f9cm', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Some Jews begin to question Jesus during **the Festival of Dedication**. This verse gives background information about the time when the events of [verses 24–39](../10/24.md) took place. The next verse gives background information about the place where those events too place. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '22', 'w25f', 'translate-unknown', 'τὰ ἐνκαίνια', '1', 'Festival of Dedication', 'The **Festival of Dedication** is an eight-day holiday that Jews celebrate in the **winter** to remember when they dedicated the Jewish temple to God after it had been defiled by the Syrians. If your readers would not be familiar with this holiday, you could use a general expression to explain it. Alternate translation: “the Jewish temple dedication festival” or “the Jewish festival for remembering the dedication of their temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '23', 'v6wn', 'figs-synecdoche', 'περιεπάτει ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ', '1', 'Jesus was walking in the temple', '**Jesus was walking** in the courtyard of **the temple*. See how you translated** temple** in [8:14](../08/14.md). Alternate translation: “Jesus was walking in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '23', 'henb', 'figs-possession', 'τῇ στοᾷ τοῦ Σολομῶνος', '1', 'porch', 'Here, the possessive form describes **the porch** that was associated with King **Solomon** in some way. It may have been the only remaining part of the temple built during the time of **Solomon**. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the porch associated with Solomon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '23', 'hw7y', 'translate-names', 'Σολομῶνος', '1', 'porch', '**Solomon is the name of a man, the king who oversaw the building of the first Jewish temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '23', 'cs2b', 'translate-unknown', 'στοᾷ', '1', 'porch', 'A **porch** was a structure with a roof, had at least one wall missing, and was attached to the side of a building. See how you translated this word in [5:2](../05/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '24', 'm8ja', 'figs-synecdoche', 'οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', 'Then the Jews surrounded him', 'Here, **the Jews** refers to the Jewish leaders. It does not refer to the Jewish people in general. See how you translated this term in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “the Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '24', 'nk9t', 'figs-idiom', 'τὴν ψυχὴν ἡμῶν αἴρεις', '1', 'hold us doubting', 'This is an idiom which means to keep people in suspense by not telling them something. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “keep us from knowing for sure?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '25', 'cb95', 'figs-explicit', 'τὰ ἔργα', '1', '', 'Here, **works** could refer to: (1) the miracles that Jesus did. Alternate translation: “The miracles” (2) Jesus’ miracles and teaching. Alternate translation: “The miracles and teaching” See how you translated this in [5:36](../05/36.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '25', 'e7zh', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Πατρός μου', '1', 'in the name of my Father', 'Here, **name** could mean: (1) Jesus performed miracles by means of God’s authority. Alternate translation: “through my Father’s authority” (2) Jesus performed miracles as God’s representative. Alternate translation: “as my Father’s representative” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '25', 'bqz1', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τοῦ Πατρός μου', '1', '', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '25', 'n34x', 'figs-personification', 'ταῦτα μαρτυρεῖ περὶ ἐμοῦ', '1', 'these testify concerning me', 'Here, Jesus speaks figuratively of his **works** as though they were a person who could testify and offer proof in a court of law. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “these offer proof concerning me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '26', 'als6', 'figs-metaphor', 'οὐκ…ἐκ τῶν προβάτων τῶν ἐμῶν', '1', 'not my sheep', 'Here, the word **sheep** is a metaphor for the followers of Jesus. If this use of **sheep** might be misunderstood in your language, you could use a simile or say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “not my followers” or “not my disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '27', 'rdw7', 'figs-metaphor', 'τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἐμὰ', '1', 'My sheep hear my voice', 'See how you translated **My sheep** in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “My followers” or “My disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '27', 'xakd', 'figs-metaphor', 'τῆς φωνῆς μου ἀκούουσιν', '1', '', 'Here, **hear** means listening to something with the intent to heed it and respond appropriately. See how you translated this word in [verse 16](../10/16.md). Alternate translation: “heed my voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '27', 'f7y8', 'figs-idiom', 'ἀκολουθοῦσίν μοι', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus uses an idiom that refers to becoming Jesus’ disciple and obeying his teachings. See how you translated a similar phrase in [8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate translation: “they have become my disciples” or “they obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '28', 'bpx3', 'figs-metonymy', 'οὐχ ἁρπάσει τις αὐτὰ ἐκ τῆς χειρός μου', '1', 'no one will snatch them out of my hand', 'Here, Jesus uses the word **hand** figuratively to refer to his protective care and **snatch** to refer to removing someone from that care. If this use of **hand** and **snatch** would be confusing in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “no one will steal any of them away from me” or “they all will remain secure forever in my care” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '29', 'g82a', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ Πατήρ μου ὃς δέδωκέν μοι', '1', 'My Father, who has given them to me', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '29', 'k1ya', 'figs-metonymy', 'οὐδεὶς δύναται ἁρπάζειν ἐκ τῆς χειρὸς τοῦ Πατρός', '1', 'the hand of the Father', 'Here, Jesus uses the word **hand** figuratively to refer to God’s protective care and **snatch** to refer to removing someone from that care. See how you translated **hand** and **snatch** in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “no one will steal any of them away from my Father” or “they all will remain secure forever in my Father’s care” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '30', 'xok8', 'figs-explicit', 'ἕν ἐσμεν', '1', 'I and the Father are one', 'Here, the word translated **one** means to be completely united. It does not mean to be the same identical person. Although this expression implies that Jesus is God, he is not identical to God **the Father**. If this use of **one** might be confusing in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “are united in purpose and character” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '30', 'rs4j', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ Πατὴρ', '1', 'I and the Father are one', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '31', 'fl8i', 'figs-synecdoche', 'οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', 'Then the Jews took up stones', 'Here, **the Jews** refers to the Jewish leaders. It does not refer to the Jewish people in general. See how you translated this term in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “The Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '31', 'a42t', 'figs-explicit', 'ἵνα λιθάσωσιν αὐτόν', '1', '', '**The Jews** opposing Jesus are outraged at what Jesus said in the previous verse. Here, John implies that they wanted to kill him with stones because he had made himself equal to God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “so that they might stone him because he claimed to be equal with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '32', 'uvdo', '', 'πολλὰ ἔργα καλὰ…αὐτῶν ἔργον', '1', '', 'See how you translated **works** in [verse 25](../10/25.md). Alternate translation: “many good miracles … of those miracles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '32', 'kttb', '', 'ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός', '1', '', 'This phrase could refer to: (1) the source of the **good works**. Alternate translation: “originating from the Father” (2) the one who enabled the **good works**. Alternate translation: “given to me by the Father”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '32', 't5q8', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τοῦ Πατρός', '1', 'Jesus answered them, “I have shown you many good works from the Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '32', 'tx8h', 'figs-irony', 'διὰ ποῖον αὐτῶν ἔργον, ἐμὲ λιθάζετε', '1', 'For which of those works are you stoning me?', 'Here, Jesus is using irony. Jesus knows the Jewish leaders do not want to stone him because he has done **good works**. If this would be misunderstood in your language, consider expressing the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Your certainly are not stoning me because of those works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '33', 'bq1l', 'figs-synecdoche', 'ἀπεκρίθησαν αὐτῷ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', 'The Jews answered him', 'See how you translated this in [verse 31](../10/31.md). Alternate translation: “The Jewish authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '33', 'khfg', 'figs-abstractnouns', 'περὶ βλασφημίας', '1', '', 'If your language does not use an abstract noun for this idea, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **blasphemy** in another way. Alternate translation: “because you blaspheme” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '33', 'w0v8', 'figs-explicit', 'βλασφημίας', '1', '', 'Here, the **Jews** use the word **blasphemy** with its technical sense, which refers to a human being claiming to be God. This is what the Jewish leaders felt Jesus was doing in [verse 30](../10/30.md). Here, **blasphemy** does not have a general sense of “insult.” See the discussion of this term in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “committing the crime of blasphemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '33', 'h4kp', '', 'ποιεῖς σεαυτὸν Θεόν', '1', 'making yourself God', 'This phrase means to claim to be God. It does not mean to try to make oneself into God or become God. Alternate translation: “claiming to be God”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '34', 'qi82', 'figs-rquestion', 'οὐκ ἔστιν γεγραμμένον ἐν τῷ νόμῳ ὑμῶν, ὅτι ἐγὼ εἶπα, θεοί ἐστε?', '1', 'Is it not written … gods”’?', 'Here, Jesus uses the form of a question to add emphasis. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “It is certainly written in your law, ‘I said, “You are gods”’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '34', 'tb1l', 'figs-activepassive', 'οὐκ ἔστιν γεγραμμένον', '1', 'Is it not written … gods”’?', 'If your language does not use the passive voice, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “Did not a prophet write” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '34', 'rycn', 'figs-synecdoche', 'ἐν τῷ νόμῳ ὑμῶν', '1', '', 'Jesus is using the name of the first part of the Hebrew Scriptures, the **law**, to represent the entire Hebrew Scriptures in general. If this use of **law** might be misunderstood by your readers, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in your Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '34', 'b3gp', 'figs-123person', 'ἐγὼ εἶπα, θεοί ἐστε', '1', 'You are gods', 'Here, Jesus quotes [Psalm 82:6](../PSA/82/06.md) where God calls some humans **gods**. Jesus does this in order to show that God also used the word “god” to refer to people other than himself. In the verse that Jesus quotes, the first person **I** refers to God. If this might be misunderstood by your readers, you could say it explicitly. Alternate translation: “I, God, said, ‘You are gods’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '34', 'h189', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'ἐγὼ εἶπα, θεοί ἐστε', '1', 'You are gods', 'If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “I said that you are gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '35', 'nfly', '', '', '', '', 'Verses 35 and 36 are one sentence. In this sentence, Jesus argues by moving from a weaker reason to a stronger reason (an argument from the lesser to the greater). Based on the scripture he quoted in verse 34, Jesus argues that, since God calls humans **gods** in that verse, it is even more appropriate to call him God because he is the Son of God. You may need to change the order of the clauses in order for this idea to be clearer in your language.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '35', 'ieot', 'grammar-connect-condition-fact', 'εἰ ἐκείνους εἶπεν θεοὺς', '1', 'the word of God came', '**If** indicates a conditional sentence that extends until the end of the next verse. Jesus is speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might misunderstand and think that what John is saying is not certain, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Since he called them gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '35', 'gtb4', 'figs-metonymy', 'ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐγένετο', '1', 'the word of God came', 'Here, Jesus used the term **word** figuratively to describe the message that God said by using words. Alternate translation: “God’s message came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '35', 'm8ji', 'figs-personification', 'ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐγένετο', '1', 'the word of God came', 'Here, Jesus speaks of **the word of God** figuratively as though it were a person who moved toward those who heard it. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “God spoke his word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '35', 'g0kv', 'figs-activepassive', 'οὐ δύναται λυθῆναι ἡ Γραφή', '1', 'the scripture cannot be broken', 'If your language does not use the passive voice, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “no one can break the Scripture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '35', 'u9j2', 'figs-metaphor', 'οὐ δύναται λυθῆναι ἡ Γραφή', '1', 'the scripture cannot be broken', 'This phrase could mean: (1) no one can prove that the Scriptures are false or contain errors. Alternate translation: “the Scriptures are not able to be proven false” (2) the authority of Scripture cannot be ignored. Alternate translation: “the Scriptures are not able to be ignored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '36', 'dvp5', 'figs-rquestion', 'ὃν ὁ Πατὴρ ἡγίασεν καὶ ἀπέστειλεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, ὑμεῖς λέγετε, ὅτι βλασφημεῖς, ὅτι εἶπον, Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰμι?', '1', 'do you say to him whom the Father set apart and sent into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ because I said, ‘I am the Son of God’?', 'Here, Jesus uses the form of a question to rebuke his opponents for accusing him of blasphemy. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “you should not say to the one the Father sanctified and sent into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ because I said, ‘I am the Son of God!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '36', 'fj9f', 'figs-quotesinquotes', 'ὑμεῖς λέγετε, ὅτι βλασφημεῖς, ὅτι εἶπον, Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰμι', '1', 'You are blaspheming', 'If the direct quotations inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the two instance of second direct quotations as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “do you say … that he is blaspheming because I said that I am the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '36', 'wzhd', 'figs-123person', 'ὃν ὁ Πατὴρ ἡγίασεν καὶ ἀπέστειλεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “to me whom the Father sanctified and sent into the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '36', 'rax1', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατὴρ', '1', 'Father … Son of God', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '36', 'r7ex', 'figs-ellipsis', 'βλασφημεῖς', '1', '', 'Jesus is leaving a word that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could supply this word from the context. See how you translated “blasphemy” in [verse 33](../10/33.md) and also the discussion of this term in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “You have committed the crime of blaspheming God” or “You are guilty of blaspheming God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '36', 'bkl5', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', '', 'This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '37', 'wyd2', 'figs-possession', 'τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Πατρός μου', '1', '', 'Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **works** that God wants him to do. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a different expression. See how you translated a similar phrase in [9:4](../09/04.md). Alternate translation: “the works that my Father demands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '37', 'us7v', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατρός', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '38', 'finz', 'grammar-connect-condition-fact', 'εἰ δὲ ποιῶ', '1', 'believe in the works', 'Here, Jesus is speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might misunderstand and think that what Jesus is saying is not certain, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “But since I am doing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '38', 'k2zf', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῖς ἔργοις πιστεύετε', '1', 'believe in the works', 'Here, **believe in** means to acknowledge that the **works** Jesus does are done with the authority of the Father and prove that he is God. Alternate translation: “believe that the works I do are from God” or “believe that the works I do are done with God’s power”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '38', 't8uf', 'figs-idiom', 'ἐν ἐμοὶ ὁ Πατὴρ, κἀγὼ ἐν τῷ Πατρί', '1', 'the Father is in me and that I am in the Father', 'Here, Jesus uses the word **in** to express the close personal relationship between him and God. If this use of **in** might be misunderstood in your language, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my Father has a close relationship with me, and I have a close relationship with my Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '38', 'n8ue', 'figs-doublet', 'ἐν ἐμοὶ ὁ Πατὴρ, κἀγὼ ἐν τῷ Πατρί', '1', 'the Father is in me and that I am in the Father', 'These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize that the truth of what Jesus is saying. If your language does not use repetition in this way, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “my Father and I are completely joined together as one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '39', 'eqh1', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τῆς χειρὸς αὐτῶν', '1', 'went away out of their hand', 'Here, John used the word **hand** figuratively to refer to the custody or possession of the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “he escaped from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '40', 'b41s', 'figs-explicit', 'πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου', '1', 'beyond the Jordan', 'Here,** beyond the Jordan** refers to the region of Judea that is on the east side of the **Jordan** River, which is the side opposite from Jerusalem. See how you translated this expression in [1:28](../01/28.md). Alternate translation: “on the side of the Jordan River opposite from Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '40', 't8mj', 'figs-explicit', 'Ἰωάννης', '1', '', 'Here, **John** refers to Jesus’ cousin, often referred to as “John the Baptist.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/johnthebaptist]]) It does not refer to the Apostle John who wrote this Gospel. See how you translated this in [1:26](../01/26.md). Alternate translation: “John the Baptist” or “John the Immerser” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '40', 'wztl', 'figs-explicit', 'ἦν Ἰωάννης τὸ πρῶτον βαπτίζων', '1', '', 'Here, **first** refers to the beginning of John’s ministry. It does not mean that **John** was the **first** person to baptize people in that location. If this use of **first** might be misunderstood by your readers, you could say the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “John was baptizing during the first days of his ministry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '40', 'f5dx', 'figs-explicit', 'ἔμεινεν ἐκεῖ', '1', 'he stayed there', 'Jesus remained on the east side of **Jordan** for a short period of time. If your language requires a length of time for **stay**, you can use a general expression. Alternate translation: “Jesus stayed there for several days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '41', 'yfin', '', 'σημεῖον', '1', '', 'See how you translated this term in [2:11](../02/11.md). See also the discussion of signs in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. Alternate translation: “significant miracle”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '10', '41', 'gd31', 'writing-pronouns', 'τούτου', '1', '', 'Here, **this one** refers to Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “this man, Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', 'intro', 'tks5', '', '', '0', '', '# John 11 General Notes

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Light and darkness

The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

### Passover

After Jesus made Lazarus become alive again, the Jewish leaders were trying hard to kill him, so he started traveling from place to place in secret. Now the Pharisees knew that he would probably come to Jerusalem for the Passover because God had commanded all Jewish men to celebrate the Passover in Jerusalem, so they planned to catch him and kill him then. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### “One man dies for the people”

The law of Moses commanded the priests to kill animals so that God would forgive the people’s sins. The high priest Caiaphas said, “It is better for you that one man dies for the people than that the whole nation perishes” ([John 11:50](../../jhn/11/50.md)). He said this because he loved his “place” and “nation” ([John 11:48](../../jhn/11/48.md)) more than he loved the God who had made Lazarus become alive again. He wanted Jesus to die so that the Romans would not destroy the temple and Jerusalem, but God wanted Jesus to die so that he could forgive all of his people’s sins.

### Hypothetical situation

When Martha said, “If you had been here, my brother would not have died,” she was speaking of a situation that could have happened but did not happen. Jesus had not come, and her brother had died.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '1', 'fsf7', 'writing-participants', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'These verses introduce the story of Lazarus and give background information about him and his sister Mary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '2', 'c6r9', 'writing-background', 'ἦν δὲ Μαρία ἡ ἀλείψασα τὸν Κύριον μύρῳ, καὶ ἐκμάξασα τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ ταῖς θριξὶν αὐτῆς', '1', 'It was Mary who anointed the Lord … her hair', 'As John introduces **Mary**, the sister of Martha, he also shares information concerning what would later happen in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '3', 'i2ar', '', 'ἀπέστειλαν…πρὸς αὐτὸν', '1', 'sent for Jesus', '“asked Jesus to come”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '3', 'czm1', '', 'φιλεῖς', '1', 'love', 'Here, **love** refers to brotherly love, a natural, human love between friends or relatives.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '4', 'nk3g', 'figs-explicit', 'αὕτη ἡ ἀσθένεια οὐκ ἔστιν πρὸς θάνατον', '1', 'This sickness is not to death', 'Jesus implies that he knows what will happen related to Lazarus and his **sickness**. Alternate translation: “Death will not be the final result of this sickness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '4', 'k8d3', '', 'θάνατον', '1', 'death', 'This refers to physical **death**.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '4', 'q343', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀλλ’ ὑπὲρ τῆς δόξης τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἵνα δοξασθῇ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ δι’ αὐτῆς', '1', 'instead it is for the glory of God so that the Son of God may be glorified by it', 'Jesus implies that he knows what the outcome will be. Alternate translation: “but the purpose is that the people might see how great God is because of what his power will allow me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '4', 'ad99', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', 'Son of God', 'This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '5', 'j6r4', 'writing-background', 'ἠγάπα δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὴν Μάρθαν, καὶ τὴν ἀδελφὴν αὐτῆς, καὶ τὸν Λάζαρον', '1', 'Now Jesus loved Martha and her sister and Lazarus', 'This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '8', 'y4jm', 'figs-rquestion', 'Ῥαββεί, νῦν ἐζήτουν σε λιθάσαι οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, καὶ πάλιν ὑπάγεις ἐκεῖ?', '1', 'Rabbi, right now the Jews are trying to stone you, and you are going back there again?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the disciples do not want Jesus to go to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Teacher, you surely do not want to go back there! The Jews were trying to stone you the last time you were there!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '8', 'p4x9', 'figs-synecdoche', 'οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', 'the Jews', 'Here, **the Jews** is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '9', 'uv34', 'figs-rquestion', 'οὐχὶ δώδεκα ὧραί εἰσιν τῆς ἡμέρας?', '1', 'Are there not twelve hours of light in a day?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “You know that the day has twelve hours of light!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '9', 'ln4r', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐάν τις περιπατῇ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, οὐ προσκόπτει, ὅτι τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου τούτου βλέπει', '1', 'If someone walks in the daytime, he will not stumble, because he sees by the light of this world', 'People who walk in the light of the day can see well and do not stumble. Here, **light** is a metaphor for “truth.” Jesus is implying that people who live according to truth will be able to successfully do the things that God wants them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '10', 'hel4', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '10', 'vm6h', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐὰν…τις περιπατῇ ἐν τῇ νυκτί', '1', 'if he walks at night', 'Here, **night** is a metaphor that refers to one’s walking without God’s light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '10', 'c3im', '', 'τὸ φῶς οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτῷ', '1', 'the light is not in him', 'This could mean: (1) he cannot see. (2) he does not have God’s light.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '11', 'bev5', 'figs-idiom', 'Λάζαρος ὁ φίλος ἡμῶν κεκοίμηται', '1', 'Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep', 'Here, **fallen asleep** is an idiom that means Lazarus has died. If you have a way of saying this in your language, you may use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '11', 'ze1z', 'figs-idiom', 'ἀλλὰ πορεύομαι ἵνα ἐξυπνίσω αὐτόν', '1', 'but I am going so that I may wake him out of sleep', 'The phrase **wake him out of sleep** is an idiom. Jesus is revealing his plan to bring Lazurus back to life. If you have an idiom for this in your language, you may use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '12', 'e5k2', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'In verse 13 there is a break in the story line as John comments on the disciples’ misunderstanding about what Jesus meant when he said Lazarus was asleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '12', 'hn2j', '', 'εἰ κεκοίμηται', '1', 'if he has fallen asleep', 'The disciples misunderstand Jesus to mean that Lazarus is resting and will recover.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '14', 'azy3', '', 'τότε…εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς παρρησίᾳ', '1', 'Then Jesus said to them plainly', '“Jesus told them in words that they could understand”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '15', 'c2wh', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '15', 'c4wj', '', 'δι’ ὑμᾶς', '1', 'for your sakes', '“for your benefit”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '15', 'ar2j', '', 'ἵνα πιστεύσητε, ὅτι οὐκ ἤμην ἐκεῖ', '1', 'that I was not there so that you may believe', '“that I was not there. Because of this you will learn to trust me more.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '16', 'dzc3', 'figs-activepassive', 'ὁ λεγόμενος Δίδυμος', '1', 'who was called Didymus', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “whom they called Didymus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '16', 'ymy6', 'translate-names', 'Δίδυμος', '1', 'Didymus', 'This is a male name that means “twin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '17', 'p5ya', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jesus is now in Bethany. These verses give background information about the setting and about what has happened before Jesus arrived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '17', 'we1k', 'figs-activepassive', 'εὗρεν αὐτὸν, τέσσαρας ἤδη ἡμέρας ἔχοντα ἐν τῷ μνημείῳ', '1', 'he found that Lazarus had already been in the tomb for four days', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “he learned that people had put Lazarus in a tomb four days before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '18', 'd35v', 'translate-bdistance', 'ἀπὸ σταδίων δεκαπέντε', '1', 'fifteen stadia away', '“about three kilometers away.” A “stadium” is 185 meters. The plural form of “stadium” is **stadia**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '19', 'm26v', 'figs-explicit', 'περὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ', '1', 'about their brother', 'Lazarus was their **brother**. Alternate translation: “about their brother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '21', 'ef5h', 'figs-explicit', 'οὐκ ἂν ἀπέθανεν ὁ ἀδελφός μου', '1', 'my brother would not have died', 'Lazarus was the brother. Alternate translation: “my brother would still be alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '23', 'j8p2', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀναστήσεται ὁ ἀδελφός σου', '1', 'Your brother will rise again', 'Lazarus was the brother. Alternate translation: “Your brother will become alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '24', 'z7el', '', 'ἀναστήσεται', '1', 'he will rise again', '“he will become alive again”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '25', 'chs2', '', 'κἂν ἀποθάνῃ', '1', 'even if he dies', 'Here, **dies** refers to physical death.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '25', 'ef7a', '', 'ζήσεται', '1', 'will live', 'Here, **will live** refers to spiritual life.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '26', 'a6gs', '', 'πᾶς ὁ ζῶν καὶ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ, οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνῃ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα', '1', 'whoever lives and believes in me will never die', '“those who live and trust in me will never be separated eternally from God” or “those who live and trust in me will be spiritually alive with God forever”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '26', 'fue3', '', 'οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνῃ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα', '1', 'will never die', 'Here, **die** refers to spiritual death.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '27', 'mk4e', '', 'λέγει αὐτῷ', '1', 'She said to him', '“Martha said to Jesus”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '27', 'zd3n', '', 'ναί, Κύριε; ἐγὼ πεπίστευκα ὅτι σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστὸς, ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὁ εἰς τὸν κόσμον ἐρχόμενος', '1', 'Yes, Lord, I believe that you are the Christ, the Son of God … coming into the world', 'Martha believes that Jesus is Lord, the **Christ** (the Messiah), the **Son of God**.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '27', 'y83q', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', 'Son of God', 'This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '28', 'yd61', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀπῆλθεν, καὶ ἐφώνησεν Μαριὰμ, τὴν ἀδελφὴν αὐτῆς', '1', 'she went away and called her sister Mary', 'Mary is the younger sister of Martha. Alternate translation: “she went away and called her younger sister Mary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '28', 'zs2t', '', 'διδάσκαλος', '1', 'Teacher', '**Teacher** is a title referring to Jesus.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '28', 'fv8f', '', 'φωνεῖ σε', '1', 'is calling for you', '“is asking that you come”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '30', 'k5hy', 'writing-background', 'οὔπω δὲ ἐληλύθει ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἰς τὴν κώμην', '1', 'Now Jesus had not yet come into the village', 'Here John provides a brief break in the story to give background information regarding the location of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '32', 'zmp7', '', 'ἔπεσεν αὐτοῦ πρὸς τοὺς πόδας', '1', 'fell down at his feet', 'Mary bowed down or knelt at the feet of Jesus to show respect.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '32', 'j2wr', 'figs-explicit', 'οὐκ ἄν μου ἀπέθανεν ὁ ἀδελφός', '1', 'my brother would not have died', 'Lazarus was Mary’s brother. See how you translated this in [John 11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: “my brother would still be alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '33', 'qef6', 'figs-doublet', 'ἐνεβριμήσατο τῷ πνεύματι καὶ ἐτάραξεν ἑαυτόν', '1', 'he was deeply moved in his spirit and was troubled', 'John combines these phrases that have similar meanings to express the intense emotional distress and possible anger that Jesus experienced. Alternate translation: “he was greatly upset” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '34', 'xl9p', 'figs-euphemism', 'ποῦ τεθείκατε αὐτόν', '1', 'Where have you laid him', 'This is a milder way of asking, “Where have you buried him?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '35', 'bj6b', '', 'ἐδάκρυσεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς', '1', 'Jesus wept', '“Jesus began to cry” or “Jesus started crying”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '36', 'b6ee', '', 'ἐφίλει', '1', 'loved', 'This refers to brotherly love or human love for a friend or family member.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '37', 'b3at', 'figs-rquestion', 'οὐκ ἐδύνατο οὗτος, ὁ ἀνοίξας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ τυφλοῦ, ποιῆσαι ἵνα καὶ οὗτος μὴ ἀποθάνῃ?', '1', 'Could not this man, who opened the eyes of a blind man, also have made this man not die?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to express the Jews’ surprise that Jesus did not heal Lazarus. Alternate translation: “He could heal a man who was blind, so he should have been able to heal this man so he would not have died!” or “Since he did not keep this man from dying, maybe he did not really heal the man who was born blind, as they say he did!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '37', 'a76u', 'figs-idiom', 'ὁ ἀνοίξας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς', '1', 'opened the eyes', 'This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “who healed the eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '38', 'xu7k', 'writing-background', 'ἦν δὲ σπήλαιον, καὶ λίθος ἐπέκειτο ἐπ’ αὐτῷ', '1', 'Now it was a cave, and a stone lay against it', 'John pauses the story briefly to describe the tomb where the people had buried Lazarus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '39', 'l2pd', 'figs-explicit', 'ἡ ἀδελφὴ τοῦ τετελευτηκότος Μάρθα', '1', 'Martha, the sister of Lazarus', 'Martha and Mary were sisters of Lazarus. Alternate translation: “Martha, the sister of Lazarus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '39', 'lt1d', '', 'ἤδη ὄζει', '1', 'by this time the body will be decaying', '“by this time there will be a bad smell” or “the body is already stinking”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '40', 'q5mw', 'figs-rquestion', 'οὐκ εἶπόν σοι, ὅτι ἐὰν πιστεύσῃς, ὄψῃ τὴν δόξαν τοῦ Θεοῦ?', '1', 'Did I not say to you that, if you believed, you would see the glory of God?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to the point that God is about to do something wonderful. Alternate translation: “I told you that if you trusted me, you would see what God can do!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '41', 'lj5j', 'figs-idiom', 'Ἰησοῦς ἦρεν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἄνω', '1', 'Jesus lifted up his eyes', 'This is an idiom that means to look up. Alternate translation: “Jesus looked up toward heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '41', 's2dh', '', 'Πάτερ, εὐχαριστῶ σοι ὅτι ἤκουσάς μου', '1', 'Father, I thank you that you listened to me', 'Jesus prays directly to the **Father** so that others around him will hear his prayer. Alternate translation: “Father, I thank you that you have heard me” or “Father, I thank you that you have heard my prayer”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '41', 'j54b', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πάτερ', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '42', 'gw6t', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'τὸν ὄχλον τὸν περιεστῶτα', '1', '', 'See how you translated **crowd** in [5:13](../05/13.md). Alternate translation: “the group of people that is standing around” or “the many people who are standing around” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '43', 'ev4z', '', 'ταῦτα εἰπὼν', '1', 'After he had said this', '“after Jesus had prayed”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '43', 'cz9f', '', 'φωνῇ μεγάλῃ ἐκραύγασεν', '1', 'he cried out with a loud voice', '“he shouted”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '44', 'x4cb', 'figs-activepassive', 'δεδεμένος τοὺς πόδας καὶ τὰς χεῖρας κειρίαις, καὶ ἡ ὄψις αὐτοῦ σουδαρίῳ περιεδέδετο', '1', 'his feet and hands were bound with cloths, and his face was bound about with a cloth', 'A burial custom of this time was to wrap the dead body with long strips of linen **cloth**. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “someone having wrapped strips of cloth around his hands and feet. They had also tied a cloth around his face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '44', 'd8xf', '', 'λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς', '1', 'Jesus said to them', 'The word **them** refers to the people who were there and saw the miracle.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '45', 'rlf4', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'These verses tell us what happened after Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '47', 'ib61', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Because so many people have told them that Lazarus is alive again, the chief priests and Pharisees gather the Jewish council for a meeting.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '47', 'gz8c', '', 'οὖν', '1', 'Then', 'The author uses this word to tell the reader that the events that begin in this verse are a result of the events of [John 11:45-46](./45.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '47', 'nhw4', '', 'οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς', '1', 'Then the chief priests', '“the leaders among the priests”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '47', 'z5e9', 'figs-explicit', 'τί ποιοῦμεν', '1', 'What will we do?', 'It is implied here that the council members are talking about Jesus. Alternate translation: “What are we going to do about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '48', 'kq4z', 'figs-explicit', 'πάντες πιστεύσουσιν εἰς αὐτὸν', '1', 'all will believe in him', 'The Jewish leaders were afraid that the people would try to make Jesus their king. Alternate translation: “everyone will trust in him and rebel against Rome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '48', 'hr3p', 'figs-synecdoche', 'ἐλεύσονται οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι', '1', 'the Romans will come', 'Here, **the Romans** is a synecdoche for the Roman army. Alternate translation: “the Roman army will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '48', 'ah4r', '', 'ἀροῦσιν ἡμῶν καὶ τὸν τόπον καὶ τὸ ἔθνος', '1', 'take away both our place and our nation', '“will destroy both our temple and our nation”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '49', 'efq8', 'writing-participants', 'εἷς…τις ἐξ αὐτῶν', '1', 'a certain man among them', 'This is a way to introduce Caiaphas as a new character to the story. If you have a way to do this in your language, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '49', 'lj6b', 'figs-hyperbole', 'ὑμεῖς οὐκ οἴδατε οὐδέν', '1', 'You know nothing', 'This is an exaggeration that Caiaphas uses to insult his hearers. Alternate translation: “You do not understand what is happening” or “You speak as though you know nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '50', 'zh9n', 'figs-synecdoche', 'καὶ μὴ ὅλον τὸ ἔθνος ἀπόληται', '1', 'than that the whole nation perishes', 'The word **nation** here is a synecdoche that represents all of the Jewish people. Alternate translation: “than that all the people of our nation would perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '50', 'fvry', 'figs-explicit', 'καὶ μὴ ὅλον τὸ ἔθνος ἀπόληται', '1', '', 'Caiaphas implies that the Roman army would kill all of the people of the Jewish nation if Jesus is allowed to live and cause a rebellion. Alternate translation: “than that the Romans kill all the people of our nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '51', 'qww5', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'In verses 51 and 52 John explains that Caiaphus was prophesying even though he did not realize it at the time. This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '51', 'kw41', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀφ’ ἑαυτοῦ', '1', '', 'See how you translated this phrase in [5:19](../05/19.md). Alternate translation: “on his own authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '51', 'eh17', 'figs-synecdoche', 'ἀποθνῄσκειν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἔθνους', '1', 'die for the nation', 'The word **nation** is a synecdoche and refers to the people of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '52', 'd85p', 'figs-ellipsis', 'συναγάγῃ εἰς ἕν', '1', 'would be gathered together into one', 'This is an ellipsis. The word **people** is implied by the context. Alternate translation: “would be gathered into one people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '52', 'mle1', '', 'τέκνα τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', 'children of God', 'This refers to people who belong to **God** through faith in Jesus and are spiritually God’s **children**.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '54', 'gp4h', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jesus leaves Bethany and goes to Ephraim. In verse 55 the story shifts to telling about what many of the Jews are doing now that Passover is near.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '54', 'bnd8', 'figs-synecdoche', 'παρρησίᾳ περιεπάτει ἐν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις', '1', 'walk openly among the Jews', 'Here, **the Jews** is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “walk openly among the Jewish leaders who opposed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '54', 's9km', 'figs-metaphor', 'παρρησίᾳ περιεπάτει ἐν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις', '1', '', 'Here, **walked openly** is a metaphor for “lived where everyone could see him.” Alternate translation: “lived where all the Jews could see him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '54', 'cg66', '', 'τὴν χώραν', '1', 'the country', 'the rural area outside cities where fewer people live']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '54', 'h5jk', 'figs-explicit', 'κἀκεῖ ἔμεινεν μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν', '1', 'There he stayed with the disciples', 'Jesus and his disciples **stayed** in Ephraim for a while. Alternate translation: “He stayed with his disciples for a short period of time in Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '55', 'qd5y', '', 'ἀνέβησαν…εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα', '1', 'went up to Jerusalem', 'The phrase **went up** is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than the surrounding areas.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '56', 'a5kt', 'figs-events', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'The content of verse 57 occurs before that of verse 56. If this order might confuse your readers, you can combine these verses and put the text of verse 57 before the text of verse 56. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '56', 'kc75', '', 'ἐζήτουν…τὸν Ἰησοῦν', '1', 'They were looking for Jesus', 'The word **they** refers to the Jewish people who had traveled to Jerusalem.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '56', 'p2wz', 'figs-rquestion', 'τί δοκεῖ ὑμῖν? ὅτι οὐ μὴ ἔλθῃ εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν?', '1', 'What do you think? That he will not come to the festival?', 'These are rhetorical questions that express a strong element of doubt that Jesus will come to the Passover Festival. The speakers here were wondering if Jesus would come to the festival since there was the danger of his being arrested. Alternate translation: “Jesus will probably not come to the festival. He might be afraid of getting arrested!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '56', 'x6im', 'figs-ellipsis', 'ὅτι οὐ μὴ ἔλθῃ εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν?', '1', '', 'This question is an ellipsis that leaves out the words “do you think.” Alternate translation: “Do you think that he will come to the festival?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '11', '57', 'glb6', 'writing-background', 'δὲ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς', '1', 'Now the chief priests', 'This is background information that explains why the Jewish worshipers were wondering if Jesus would come to the festival or not. If your language has a way to mark background information, use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', 'intro', 'qzv4', '', '', '0', '', '# John 12 General Notes

## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:38 and 40, which are words from the Old Testament.

Verse 16 is a commentary on these events. It is possible to put this entire verse in parentheses in order to set it apart from the narrative of the story.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Mary anointed Jesus’ feet

The Jews would put oil on a person’s head to make that person feel welcome and comfortable. They would also put oil on a person’s body after the person had died but before they buried the body. But they would never think to put oil on a person’s feet, because they thought that feet were dirty.

### The donkey and the colt

Jesus rode into Jerusalem on an animal. In this way he was like a king who came into a city after he had won an important battle. Also, the kings of Israel in the Old Testament rode on a donkeys. Other kings rode on horses. So Jesus was showing that he was the king of Israel and that he was not like other kings.

Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about this event. Matthew and Mark wrote that the disciples brought Jesus a donkey. John wrote that Jesus found a donkey. Luke wrote that they brought him a colt. Only Matthew wrote that there were both a donkey had a colt. No one knows for sure whether Jesus rode the donkey or the colt. It is best to translate each of these accounts as it appears in the ULT without trying to make them all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 21:1-7](../../mat/21/01.md) and [Mark 11:1-7](../../mrk/11/01.md) and [Luke 19:29-36](../../luk/19/29.md) and [John 12:14-15](../../jhn/12/14.md))

### Glory

Scripture often speaks of God’s glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. In this chapter John says that the glory of Jesus is his resurrection ([John 12:16](../../jhn/12/16.md)).

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### The metaphors of light and darkness

The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### Paradox

A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. A paradox occurs in 12:25: “He who loves his life will lose it; but he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life.” But in 12:26 Jesus explains what it means to keep one’s life for eternal life. ([John 12:25-26](./25.md)).

### “Son of Man”

Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” several times in this chapter. Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. See the discussion of this concept in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '1', 'elj4', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jesus is at dinner in Bethany when Mary anoints his feet with oil.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '1', 's1v2', 'writing-newevent', 'πρὸ ἓξ ἡμερῶν τοῦ Πάσχα', '1', 'Six days before the Passover', 'The author uses these words to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '1', 'z1jp', 'figs-idiom', 'ἤγειρεν ἐκ νεκρῶν', '1', 'had raised from the dead', 'This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “had made alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '3', 'c8kf', 'translate-bweight', 'λίτραν μύρου', '1', 'a litra of perfume', 'You may convert this to a modern measure. A “litra” is about one third of a kilogram. Or you may refer to a container that could hold that amount. Alternate translation: “a third of a kilogram of perfume” or “a bottle of perfume” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '3', 'ki9d', '', 'μύρου', '1', 'perfume', 'This is a good-smelling liquid made by using the oils of pleasant smelling plants and flowers.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '3', 'b3sa', 'translate-unknown', 'νάρδου', '1', 'nard', 'This is a perfume made from a pink, bell-shaped flower in the mountains of Nepal, China, and India. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '3', 'pq7c', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἡ δὲ οἰκία ἐπληρώθη ἐκ τῆς ὀσμῆς τοῦ μύρου', '1', 'The house was filled with the fragrance of the perfume', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “Now the scent of her perfume filled the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '4', 'e1xj', '', 'ὁ μέλλων αὐτὸν παραδιδόναι', '1', 'the one who would betray him', '“the one who later enabled Jesus’ enemies to seize him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '5', 'e8d7', 'figs-rquestion', 'διὰ τί τοῦτο τὸ μύρον οὐκ ἐπράθη τριακοσίων δηναρίων, καὶ ἐδόθη πτωχοῖς?', '1', 'Why was this perfume not sold for three hundred denarii and given to the poor?', 'This is a rhetorical question. You can translate it as a strong statement. Alternate translation: “This perfume could have been sold for three hundred denarii and the money could have been given to the poor!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '5', 'dx9e', 'translate-bmoney', 'δηναρίων', '1', 'denarii', 'A denarius was the amount of silver that a common laborer could earn in one day of work. The plural of denarius is **denarii**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '6', 'ri5l', 'writing-background', 'εἶπεν δὲ τοῦτο, οὐχ ὅτι περὶ τῶν πτωχῶν ἔμελεν αὐτῷ, ἀλλ’ ὅτι κλέπτης ἦν, καὶ τὸ γλωσσόκομον ἔχων τὰ βαλλόμενα ἐβάσταζεν', '1', 'Now he said this … would steal from what was put in it', 'John explains why Judas asked the question about the poor. If your language has a way of indicating background information, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '6', 'sl8u', '', 'εἶπεν…τοῦτο, οὐχ ὅτι περὶ τῶν πτωχῶν ἔμελεν αὐτῷ, ἀλλ’ ὅτι κλέπτης ἦν', '1', 'he said this, not because he cared about the poor, but because he was a thief', '“he said this because he was a thief. He did not care about the poor”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '7', 'dcn3', 'figs-explicit', 'ἄφες αὐτήν, ἵνα εἰς τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ ἐνταφιασμοῦ μου, τηρήσῃ αὐτό', '1', 'Allow her to keep what she has for the day of my burial', 'Jesus implies that the woman’s actions can be understood as anticipating his death and **burial**. Alternate translation: “Allow her to show how much she appreciates me! In this way she has prepared my body for burial” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '8', 'r82p', 'figs-explicit', 'τοὺς πτωχοὺς…πάντοτε ἔχετε μεθ’ ἑαυτῶν', '1', 'You will always have the poor with you', 'Jesus implies that there will always be opportunities to help **the poor** people. Alternate translation: “there will always be poor people among you, and you can help them whenever you want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '8', 'kn28', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐμὲ δὲ οὐ πάντοτε ἔχετε', '1', 'But you will not always have me', 'In this way, Jesus implies that he will die. Alternate translation: “but I will not always be here with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '9', 'qm36', 'writing-background', 'οὖν', '1', 'Now', '**Then** is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here John tells about a new group of people that has come to Bethany from Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '9', 'i6mn', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'ὁ ὄχλος πολὺς', '1', '', 'See how you translated **crowd** in [5:13](../05/13.md). Alternate translation: “a large group of people” or “very many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '11', 'kjk7', '', 'δι’ αὐτὸν', '1', 'because of him', 'The fact that Lazarus was alive again caused many Jews to believe in Jesus.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '11', 'f6mg', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐπίστευον εἰς τὸν Ἰησοῦν', '1', 'believed in Jesus', 'This implies that many of the Jewish people were trusting **in Jesus** as the Son of God. Alternate translation: “were putting their trust in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '12', 'f1im', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jesus enters Jerusalem and the people honor him as a king.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '12', 'w1c2', 'writing-newevent', 'τῇ ἐπαύριον', '1', 'On the next day', 'The author uses these words to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '12', 'sy8h', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'ὁ ὄχλος πολὺς', '1', 'a great crowd', 'See how you translated **crowd** in [5:13](../05/13.md). Alternate translation: “a large group of people” or “very many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '13', 'lzn9', '', 'ὡσαννά', '1', 'Hosanna', 'This means “May God save us now!”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '13', 'i5ul', '', 'εὐλογημένος', '1', 'Blessed', 'This expresses a desire for God to cause good things to happen to a person.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '13', 'w7ty', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου', '1', 'comes in the name of the Lord', 'Here the word **name** is a metonym for the person’s authority and power. Alternate translation: “as the representative of the Lord” or “in the power of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '14', 'dbc5', 'writing-background', 'εὑρὼν…ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὀνάριον, ἐκάθισεν ἐπ’ αὐτό', '1', 'Jesus found a young donkey and sat on it', 'Here John gives background information that Jesus secures a **donkey**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '14', 'b9ry', 'figs-explicit', 'εὑρὼν…ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὀνάριον, ἐκάθισεν ἐπ’ αὐτό', '1', '', 'John implies that Jesus will ride the donkey into Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “he found a young donkey and sat on it, riding it into the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '14', 'h6xz', 'figs-activepassive', 'καθώς ἐστιν γεγραμμένον', '1', 'as it was written', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “as the prophets wrote in the Scripture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '15', 'vra1', 'figs-metonymy', 'θυγάτηρ Σιών', '1', 'daughter of Zion', 'Here, **daughter of Zion** here is a metonym that refers to the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “you people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '16', 'a74d', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'John, the writer, interrupts here to give the reader some background information about what the disciples later understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '16', 'rq52', '', 'ταῦτα οὐκ ἔγνωσαν αὐτοῦ οἱ μαθηταὶ', '1', 'His disciples did not understand these things', 'Here the words **these things** refer to the words that the prophet had written about Jesus.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '16', 'xdm7', 'figs-activepassive', 'ὅτε ἐδοξάσθη Ἰησοῦς', '1', 'when Jesus was glorified', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “when God glorified Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '16', 'lvz1', '', 'ταῦτα ἐποίησαν αὐτῷ', '1', 'they had done these things to him', 'The words **these things** refer to what the people did when Jesus rode into Jerusalem on a donkey (praising him and waving the palm branches).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '17', 'i6ag', 'writing-background', 'οὖν', '1', 'Now', 'The word **Then** is used here to mark a break in the main narrative. Here John explains that many of the people came to meet Jesus because they heard others say that he had raised Lazarus from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '17', 'nr1j', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'ὁ ὄχλος', '1', '', 'See how you translated **crowd** in [5:13](../05/13.md). Alternate translation: “a group of people” or “many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '18', 'eel6', '', 'ἤκουσαν τοῦτο αὐτὸν πεποιηκέναι τὸ σημεῖον', '1', 'they heard that he had done this sign', '“they heard others say that he had done this sign”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '18', 'v2nx', '', 'τὸ σημεῖον', '1', 'this sign', 'See how you translated this term in [2:11](../02/11.md). See also the discussion of signs in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. Alternate translation: “significant miracle”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '19', 'c43j', 'figs-explicit', 'θεωρεῖτε ὅτι οὐκ ὠφελεῖτε οὐδέν', '1', 'Look, you can do nothing', 'The Pharisees imply here that it might be impossible to stop Jesus. Alternate translation: “It seems like we can do nothing to stop him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '19', 'i5uq', 'figs-hyperbole', 'ἴδε, ὁ κόσμος ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ ἀπῆλθεν', '1', 'see, the world has gone after him', 'The Pharisees use this exaggeration to express their shock that so many people have come out to meet Jesus. Alternate translation: “it looks like everyone is becoming his disciple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '19', 'ev6e', 'figs-metonymy', 'ὁ κόσμος', '1', 'the world', 'Here, **the world** is a metonym that represents (in exaggeration) all of the people in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '19', 'oraj', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ κόσμος', '1', '', 'You may need to make explicit that the hearers would have understood that the Pharisees were speaking only of the people in Judea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '20', 'k8v2', 'writing-participants', 'δὲ Ἕλληνές τινες', '1', 'Now certain Greeks', 'This phrase marks the introduction of the Greeks as new characters to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '20', 'i6nd', 'figs-explicit', 'ἵνα προσκυνήσωσιν ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ', '1', 'to worship at the festival', 'John implies that these “Greeks” were going to **worship** God during the Passover. Alternate translation: “to worship God at the Passover festival” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '21', 'lr8c', '', 'Βηθσαϊδὰ', '1', 'Bethsaida', 'This was a town in the province of Galilee.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '22', 'b9re', 'figs-ellipsis', 'λέγουσιν τῷ Ἰησοῦ', '1', 'they told Jesus', 'Philip and Andrew tell Jesus about the Greeks’ request to see him. You can translate this by adding the implied words. Alternate translation: “tell Jesus what the Greeks had said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '23', 'p96d', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jesus begins to respond to Philip and Andrew.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '23', 'jl9u', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐλήλυθεν ἡ ὥρα ἵνα δοξασθῇ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', 'The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified', 'Jesus implies that it is now the right time for God to honor the **Son of Man** through his upcoming suffering, death and resurrection. Alternate translation: “God will soon honor me when I die and rise again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '23', 'pfmt', 'figs-123person', 'ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', '', 'Jesus is speaking of himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '23', 'ekcc', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', '', 'See how you translated this phrase in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '24', 'm255', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly, I say to you', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this is in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '24', 'gq2y', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐὰν μὴ ὁ κόκκος τοῦ σίτου πεσὼν εἰς τὴν γῆν ἀποθάνῃ, αὐτὸς μόνος μένει; ἐὰν δὲ ἀποθάνῃ, πολὺν καρπὸν φέρει', '1', 'unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies … it will bear much fruit', 'Here, **a grain of wheat** or “seed” is a metaphor for Jesus’ death, burial and resurrection. Just as a seed is planted and grows again into a plant that will bear much fruit, so will many people trust in Jesus after he is killed, buried, and raised back to life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '25', 'sk6e', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ φιλῶν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ, ἀπολλύει αὐτήν', '1', 'He who loves his life will lose it', 'Here, **loving his life** means considering one’s own physical life to be more valuable than the lives of others. Alternate translation: “Whoever values his own life more than others will not receive eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '25', 'mp7b', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ μισῶν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ τούτῳ, εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον φυλάξει αὐτήν', '1', 'he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life', 'Here the one who **hating his life** refers to one who loves his own life less than he loves the lives of others. Alternate translation: “whoever considers the lives of others as more important than his own life will live with God forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '26', 'i8ky', 'figs-explicit', 'ὅπου εἰμὶ ἐγὼ, ἐκεῖ καὶ ὁ διάκονος ὁ ἐμὸς ἔσται', '1', 'where I am, there will my servant also be', 'Jesus implies that those who serve him will be with him in heaven. Alternate translation: “when I am in heaven, my servant will also be there with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '26', 'wx3m', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ Πατήρ', '1', 'the Father will honor him', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '27', 'ytv9', 'figs-rquestion', 'τί εἴπω, Πάτερ, σῶσόν με ἐκ τῆς ὥρας ταύτης?', '1', 'what should I say? ‘Father, save me from this hour’?', 'This remark appears in the form of a rhetorical question. Although Jesus desires to avoid crucifixion, he chooses to be obedient to God and to be killed. Alternate translation: “I will not pray, ‘Father, save me from this hour!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '27', 'bx1j', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πάτερ', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '27', 'hmv9', 'figs-metonymy', 'τῆς ὥρας ταύτης', '1', 'this hour', 'Here, **this hour** is a metonym that represents when Jesus would suffer and die on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '28', 'v2fk', 'figs-metonymy', 'δόξασόν σου τὸ ὄνομα', '1', 'glorify your name', 'Here the word **name** is a metonym that refers to God. Alternate translation: “make your glory known” or “reveal your glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '28', 'r6qk', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἦλθεν…φωνὴ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ', '1', 'a voice came from heaven', 'This represents God speaking. Alternate translation: “God spoke from the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '28', 'i2mv', 'figs-euphemism', 'ἦλθεν…φωνὴ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ', '1', '', 'Sometimes people avoid referring directly to God because they respect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '29', 'dnsk', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'ὁ…ὄχλος', '1', '', 'See how you translated **crowd** in [5:13](../05/13.md). Alternate translation: “a group of people” or “many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '30', 'kd86', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jesus explains why the voice spoke from heaven.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '31', 'fc6r', 'figs-metonymy', 'νῦν κρίσις ἐστὶν τοῦ κόσμου τούτου', '1', 'Now is the judgment of this world', 'Here, **this world** is a metonym that refers to all the people in the world. Alternate translation: “Now is the time for God to judge all of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '31', 'pv51', 'figs-activepassive', 'νῦν ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου ἐκβληθήσεται ἔξω', '1', 'Now will the ruler of this world be thrown out', 'Here, **ruler** refers to Satan. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “Now is the time when I will destroy the power of Satan who rules this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '32', 'b1zu', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'In verse 33 John tells us background information about what Jesus said about being “lifted up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '32', 'a7tc', 'figs-activepassive', 'κἀγὼ ἐὰν ὑψωθῶ ἐκ τῆς γῆς', '1', 'When I am lifted up from the earth', 'Here Jesus refers to his crucifixion. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “When people raise me high on a cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '32', 'n7i6', '', 'πάντας ἑλκύσω πρὸς ἐμαυτόν', '1', 'will draw everyone to myself', 'Through his crucifixion, Jesus will provide a way for everyone to trust in him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '33', 'v7f3', 'writing-background', 'τοῦτο…ἔλεγεν, σημαίνων ποίῳ θανάτῳ ἤμελλεν ἀποθνῄσκειν', '1', 'He said this to indicate what kind of death he would die', 'John interprets Jesus’ words to mean that people will crucify him. Alternate translation: “he said this to let the people know how he would die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '34', 'swpp', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'ὁ ὄχλος', '1', '', 'See how you translated **crowd** in [5:13](../05/13.md). Alternate translation: “the group of people” or “many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '34', 'su0r', 'grammar-collectivenouns', 'τοῦ νόμου', '1', '', 'See how you translated **the law** in [1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '34', 'mx1k', 'figs-ellipsis', 'δεῖ ὑψωθῆναι τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', 'The Son of Man must be lifted up', 'The phrase **lifted up** means crucified. You may translate this in a way that includes the implied words “on a cross.” Alternate translation: “The Son of Man must be lifted up on a cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '34', 'jzfm', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου…ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', '', 'See how you translated this phrase in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '34', 't386', '', 'τίς ἐστιν οὗτος ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', 'Who is this Son of Man?', 'This could mean: (1) they are asking, “What is the identity of this Son of Man?” (2) they are asking, “What kind of Son of Man are you talking about?”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '35', 'l2w4', 'figs-metaphor', 'εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ἔτι μικρὸν χρόνον, τὸ φῶς ἐν ὑμῖν ἐστιν. περιπατεῖτε ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε, ἵνα μὴ σκοτία ὑμᾶς καταλάβῃ; καὶ ὁ περιπατῶν ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ, οὐκ οἶδεν ποῦ ὑπάγει', '1', 'The light will still be with you for a short amount of time. Walk while you have the light, so that darkness does not overtake you. He who walks in the darkness does not know where he is going', 'Here, **light** is a metaphor for Jesus’ teachings which reveal the truth of God, and **walking in darkness** is a metaphor that means to live without God’s truth. Alternate translation: “Jesus said to them ‘My words are like a light to you, to help you understand how to live as God wants you to. I will not be with you much longer. You need to follow my instructions while I am still with you. If you reject my words, it will be like walking in darkness and you cannot see where you are going’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '36', 'j1rs', 'figs-metaphor', 'ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε, πιστεύετε εἰς τὸ φῶς, ἵνα υἱοὶ φωτὸς γένησθε', '1', 'While you have the light, believe in the light so that you may be sons of light', 'Here, **light** is a metaphor for the teachings of Jesus which reveal the truth of God, and **sons of light** is a metaphor for those who accept the message of Jesus and live according to God’s truth. Alternate translation: “While I am with you, believe what I teach so that God’s truth will be in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '37', 's1wh', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'This is a break in the main story line as the John begins to explain about the fulfillment of prophesies that had been spoken by the prophet Isaiah.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '38', 'k15e', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἵνα ὁ λόγος Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου πληρωθῇ', '1', 'so that the word of Isaiah the prophet would be fulfilled', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “in order to fulfill the message of Isaiah the prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '38', 'gx5x', 'figs-rquestion', 'Κύριε, τίς ἐπίστευσεν τῇ ἀκοῇ ἡμῶν? καὶ ὁ βραχίων Κυρίου τίνι ἀπεκαλύφθη?', '1', 'Lord, who has believed our report, and to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?', 'This appears in the form of two rhetorical questions to express the prophet’s dismay that the people do not believe his message. You can state these as a single rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “Lord, hardly anyone has believed our message, even though they have seen that you are powerfully able to save them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '38', 'dh6s', 'figs-metonymy', 'ὁ βραχίων Κυρίου', '1', 'the arm of the Lord', 'This is a metonym that refers to the Lord’s ability to rescue with power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '40', 'z323', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐπώρωσεν αὐτῶν τὴν καρδίαν…νοήσωσιν τῇ καρδίᾳ', '1', 'he has hardened their hearts … understand with their hearts', 'Here, **hearts** is a metonym for a person’s mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '40', 'wac6', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐπώρωσεν αὐτῶν τὴν καρδίαν…νοήσωσιν τῇ καρδίᾳ', '1', '', 'The phrase **hardened their hearts** is a metaphor for making someone become stubborn. Also, to **understand with their hearts** means to “truly understand.” Alternate translation: “he has made them stubborn … truly understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '40', 'h99a', 'figs-metaphor', 'καὶ στραφῶσιν', '1', 'and turn', 'Here, **turn** is a metaphor for “repent.” Alternate translation: “and they would repent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '42', 'hdh1', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἵνα μὴ ἀποσυνάγωγοι γένωνται', '1', 'so that they would not be banned from the synagogue', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “so people would not stop them from going to the synagogue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '43', 'fx72', '', 'ἠγάπησαν…τὴν δόξαν τῶν ἀνθρώπων μᾶλλον ἤπερ τὴν δόξαν τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', 'They loved the praise that comes from people more than the praise that comes from God', '“they wanted people to praise them more than they wanted God to praise them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '44', 't7cq', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Now John returns to the main story line. This is another time when Jesus begins to speak to the crowd.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '44', 'd27w', 'figs-explicit', 'Ἰησοῦς…ἔκραξεν καὶ εἶπεν', '1', 'Jesus cried out and said', 'Here John implies that a crowd of people had gathered to hear Jesus speak. Alternate translation: “Jesus shouted out to the crowd that had gathered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '44', 'kcnd', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸν πέμψαντά με', '1', '', 'Here, **the one who sent me** refers to God. See how you translated it in [4:34](../04/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '45', 's6xx', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸν πέμψαντά με', '1', '', 'Here, **the one who sent me** refers to God. See how you translated it in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '46', 'db76', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Jesus continues speaking to the crowd.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '46', 'wib3', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐγὼ φῶς…ἐλήλυθα', '1', 'I have come as a light', 'Here the **light** is a metaphor for Jesus’ example. Alternate translation: “I have come to show the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '46', 'i31g', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ μὴ μείνῃ', '1', 'may not remain in the darkness', 'Here, **darkness** is a metaphor for living in ignorance of God’s truth. Alternate translation: “may not continue to be spiritually blind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '46', 'uxb8', 'figs-metonymy', 'τὸν κόσμον', '1', 'the world', 'Here, **the world** is a metonym that represents all of the people in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '47', 'xvq6', 'figs-explicit', 'καὶ ἐάν τίς μου ἀκούσῃ τῶν ῥημάτων, καὶ μὴ φυλάξῃ, ἐγὼ οὐ κρίνω αὐτόν, οὐ γὰρ ἦλθον, ἵνα κρίνω τὸν κόσμον, ἀλλ’ ἵνα σώσω τὸν κόσμον', '1', 'If anyone hears my words but does not keep them, I do not judge him; for I have not come to judge the world, but to save the world', 'Here, **judge the world** implies condemnation. Jesus did not come to condemn people. Alternate translation: “And if anyone hears my teaching and rejects it, I do not condemn him. I have not come to condemn people. Instead, I have come to save those who trust in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '48', 'b1ds', '', 'ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ', '1', 'on the last day', '“at the time when God judges people’s sins”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '49', 'ovmm', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ πέμψας με Πατὴρ', '1', '', 'Here, this phrase refers to God. See how you translated it in [5:23](../05/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '49', 'ybm5', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατὴρ', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '12', '50', 'tar2', '', 'οἶδα, ὅτι ἡ ἐντολὴ αὐτοῦ ζωὴ αἰώνιός ἐστιν', '1', 'I know that his command is eternal life', '“I know that the words that he commanded me to speak are the words that give life forever”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', 'intro', 'zk68', '', '', '0', '', '# John 13 General Notes

## Structure and formatting

The events of this chapter are commonly referred to as the last supper or the Lord’s supper. This Passover feast in many ways parallels Jesus’ sacrifice as the lamb of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])

## Special concepts in this chapter

### The washing of feet

People in the ancient Near East thought that feet were very dirty. Only servants would wash people’s feet. The disciples did not want Jesus to wash their feet because they considered him their master and themselves his servants, but he wanted to show them that they needed to serve each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

### I AM

John records Jesus as saying these words four times in this book, once in this chapter. They stand alone as a complete sentence, and they literally translate the Hebrew word for “I AM,” by which Yahweh identified himself to Moses. For these reasons, many people believe that when Jesus said these words he was claiming to be Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]]).

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “Son of Man”

Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([13:31](../13/31.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. See the discussion of this concept in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '1', 'wk2k', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'It is not yet Passover and Jesus is together with his disciples for supper. These verses explain the setting of the story and give background information about Jesus and Judas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '1', 'w7w3', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατέρα', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '1', 'a1w4', '', 'ἀγαπήσας', '1', 'loved', 'This is the kind of love that comes from God, which is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '2', 'xn6r', 'figs-idiom', 'τοῦ διαβόλου ἤδη βεβληκότος εἰς τὴν καρδίαν, ἵνα παραδοῖ αὐτὸν Ἰούδας, Σίμωνος Ἰσκαριώτης', '1', 'the devil had already put it into the heart of Judas Iscariot son of Simon, to betray Jesus', 'The phrase **put into the heart** is an idiom that means to cause someone to think about something. Alternate translation: “the devil had already caused Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon, to think about betraying Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '3', 'u3vn', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Verse 3 continues to tell us background information about what Jesus knew. The action in the story begins in verse 4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '3', 'fd2t', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατὴρ', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '3', 'x8hc', 'figs-metonymy', 'πάντα δέδωκεν αὐτῷ…εἰς τὰς χεῖρας', '1', 'had given everything over into his hands', 'Here, **his hands** is a metonym for power and authority. Alternate translation: “had given him complete power and authority over everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '3', 'a6qj', '', 'ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ἐξῆλθεν καὶ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ὑπάγει', '1', 'he had come from God and was going back to God', 'Jesus had always been with the Father, and would return there after his work on earth was finished.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '4', 't7cu', '', 'ἐγείρεται ἐκ τοῦ δείπνου καὶ τίθησιν τὰ ἱμάτια', '1', 'He got up from dinner and took off his outer clothing', 'Because the region was very dusty, it was customary for the host of a dinner to provide a servant to wash the feet of the guests. Jesus took off his **outer clothing** so he would look like a servant.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '5', 's1pc', '', 'ἤρξατο νίπτειν τοὺς πόδας τῶν μαθητῶν', '1', 'began to wash the feet of the disciples', 'Because the region was very dusty, it was customary for the host of a dinner to provide a servant **to wash the feet** of the guests. Jesus did the work of the servant by washing the disciples’ feet.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '6', 'bz27', 'figs-rquestion', 'Κύριε, σύ μου νίπτεις τοὺς πόδας?', '1', 'Lord, are you going to wash my feet?', 'Peter’s question shows that he is not willing for Jesus to wash his feet. Alternate translation: “Lord, it is not right for you to wash the feet of me, a sinner!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '8', 'f6dg', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'ἐὰν μὴ νίψω σε, οὐκ ἔχεις μέρος μετ’ ἐμοῦ', '1', 'If I do not wash you, you have no share with me', 'Jesus states two negatives to convince Peter to allow him to wash his feet. Alternate translation: “I must wash your feet so that you can have fellowship with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '8', 'm90p', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐὰν μὴ νίψω σε, οὐκ ἔχεις μέρος μετ’ ἐμοῦ', '1', '', 'Jesus implies that Peter must let him wash his feet if he wants to continue being a disciple. Alternate translation: “If I wash you, you will always belong with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '10', 'tv57', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jesus uses the word **you** to refer to all of his disciples.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '10', 'm7vj', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Jesus continues to speak to Simon Peter.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '10', 'is57', 'figs-metaphor', 'ὁ λελουμένος οὐκ ἔχει χρείαν, εἰ μὴ τοὺς πόδας νίψασθαι', '1', 'He who is bathed has no need, except to wash his feet', 'Here, **been washed** is a metaphor that means that God has cleansed a person spiritually. Alternate translation: “If anyone has already received God’s forgiveness, he now only needs to receive cleansing from his daily sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '11', 'ccz4', 'figs-explicit', 'οὐχὶ πάντες καθαροί ἐστε', '1', 'Not all of you are clean', 'Jesus implies that the one who will betray him, Judas, has not trusted in him. Therefore God has not forgiven him of his sins. Alternate translation: “Not all of you have received God’s forgiveness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '12', 'p45l', 'figs-rquestion', 'γινώσκετε τί πεποίηκα ὑμῖν?', '1', 'Do you know what I have done for you?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question so Jesus can emphasize the importance of what he is teaching his disciples. Alternate translation: “You need to understand what I have done for you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '13', 'm9z8', 'figs-explicit', 'ὑμεῖς φωνεῖτέ με ὁ Διδάσκαλος καὶ, ὁ Κύριος', '1', 'You call me ‘teacher’ and ‘Lord,’', 'Here Jesus implies that his disciples have great respect for him. Alternate translation: “You show me great respect when you call me ‘teacher’ and ‘Lord.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '15', 'pk3l', 'figs-explicit', 'καθὼς ἐγὼ ἐποίησα ὑμῖν, καὶ ὑμεῖς ποιῆτε', '1', 'you should also do just as I did for you', 'Jesus implies that his disciples should be willing to follow his example and serve one another. Alternate translation: “you should also humbly serve each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '16', 'n5cb', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Jesus continues to speak to his disciples.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '16', 'h6gt', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this is in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '16', 'tpl8', '', 'μείζων', '1', 'greater', 'one who is more important or more powerful, or one who should have an easier life or a more pleasant life']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '17', 'an8u', 'figs-activepassive', 'μακάριοί ἐστε', '1', 'you are blessed', 'Here, **are blessed** means good, beneficial things will happen to them. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '18', 'u5fl', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἵνα ἡ Γραφὴ πληρωθῇ', '1', 'this so that the scripture will be fulfilled', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “this is in order to fulfill the scripture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '18', 'v5pv', 'figs-idiom', 'ὁ τρώγων μετ’ ἐμοῦ τὸν ἄρτον, ἐπῆρεν ἐπ’ ἐμὲ τὴν πτέρναν αὐτοῦ', '1', 'He who eats my bread lifted up his heel against me', 'Here the phrase **eating bread with me** is an idiom for someone who pretends to be a friend. The phrase **lifted up his heel** is also an idiom, which means someone who has become an enemy. If you have idioms in your language that carry these meanings, you can use them here. Alternate translation: “The one who has pretended to be my friend has turned out to be an enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '19', 'qd39', '', 'ἀπ’ ἄρτι λέγω ὑμῖν πρὸ τοῦ γενέσθαι', '1', 'I tell you this now before it happens', '“I am telling you now what is going to happen before it happens”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '19', 'gg19', '', 'ἐγώ εἰμι', '1', 'I AM', 'This could mean: (1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM.” (2) Jesus is saying, “I am the one I claim to be.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '20', 'di3t', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this is in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '20', 'ksfj', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸν πέμψαντά με', '1', '', 'Here, **the one who sent me** refers to God. See how you translated it in [4:34](../04/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '21', 'bq84', '', 'ἐταράχθη', '1', 'troubled', 'was concerned, upset']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '21', 'j7x1', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this is in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '22', 'dhs3', '', 'ἔβλεπον εἰς ἀλλήλους οἱ μαθηταὶ, ἀπορούμενοι περὶ τίνος λέγει', '1', 'The disciples looked at each other, wondering of whom he was speaking', 'The disciples looked at each other and wondered: “Who will betray Jesus?”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '23', 'xvi8', '', 'εἷς ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ…ὃν ἠγάπα ὁ Ἰησοῦς', '1', 'One of his disciples, whom Jesus loved', 'This refers to John.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '23', 'z8ze', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀνακείμενος', '1', 'lying down at the table', 'During the time of Christ, Jews would often dine together in the Greek style, in which they lay on their sides on low couches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '23', 'p2ee', '', 'τῷ κόλπῳ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ', '1', 'Jesus’ side', 'Lying with one’s head against the side of another diner in the Greek style was considered to be the place of greatest friendship with him.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '23', 'a58j', '', 'ἠγάπα', '1', 'loved', 'This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '26', 'qpj8', 'writing-background', 'Ἰσκαριώτη', '1', 'Iscariot', 'This may indicate that Judas was from the village of Kerioth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '27', 'r8lk', 'figs-ellipsis', 'καὶ μετὰ τὸ ψωμίον', '1', 'Then after the bread', 'The words “Judas took” are understood from the context. Alternate translation: “Then after Judas took the bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '27', 'xk39', 'figs-idiom', 'τότε εἰσῆλθεν εἰς ἐκεῖνον ὁ Σατανᾶς', '1', 'Satan entered into him', 'This is an idiom that means **Satan** took complete control of Judas. Alternate translation: “Satan then took control of him” or “Satan then started to command Judas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '27', 'rz21', '', 'λέγει οὖν αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς', '1', 'so Jesus said to him', 'Here Jesus is speaking to Judas.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '27', 'agd7', '', 'ὃ ποιεῖς, ποίησον τάχειον', '1', 'What you are doing, do it quickly', '“Do quickly what you are planning to do!”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '29', 'rv4z', '', 'τοῖς πτωχοῖς ἵνα τι δῷ', '1', 'that he should give something to the poor', 'You can translate this as a direct quote: “Go and give some money to the poor.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '30', 'dw7m', 'writing-background', 'ἐκεῖνος ἐξῆλθεν εὐθύς; ἦν δὲ νύξ', '1', 'he went out immediately. It was night', 'John seems to draw attention here to the fact that Judas will do his evil or “dark” deed in the darkness of the **night**. Alternate translation: “he went out immediately into the dark night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '31', 'd6l8', 'figs-activepassive', 'νῦν ἐδοξάσθη ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἐδοξάσθη ἐν αὐτῷ', '1', 'Now the Son of Man is glorified, and God is glorified in him', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “Now people are about to see how the Son of Man will receive honor and how God will receive honor through what the Son of Man is doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '31', 'gd4y', 'figs-123person', 'ἐδοξάσθη ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', '', 'Jesus is speaking of himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, have been glorified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '31', 'o91a', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου', '1', '', 'See how you translated it in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '32', 'uaj7', 'figs-rpronouns', 'ὁ Θεὸς δοξάσει αὐτὸν ἐν αὐτῷ, καὶ εὐθὺς δοξάσει αὐτόν', '1', 'God will glorify him in himself, and he will glorify him immediately', 'The word **him** refers to the Son of Man. The word **himself** is a reflexive pronoun that refers to God. Alternate translation: “God himself will immediately give honor to the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '33', 'zki6', '', 'τεκνία', '1', 'Little children', 'Jesus uses the term **Little children** to communicate that he loves the disciples as though they were his children.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '33', 'lp65', 'figs-synecdoche', 'καθὼς εἶπον τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις', '1', 'as I said to the Jews', 'Here, **Jews** is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “just as I said to the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '34', 'fkc7', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '34', 'nmf5', '', 'ἀγαπᾶτε', '1', 'love', 'This is the kind of **love** that comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '35', 'kyd9', 'figs-hyperbole', 'πάντες', '1', 'everyone', 'You may need to make explicit that this exaggeration refers only to those people who see how the disciples love each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '37', 'ye6m', '', 'τὴν ψυχήν μου…θήσω', '1', 'lay down my life', '“I will give up my life” or “I will die”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '38', 'qp88', 'figs-rquestion', 'τὴν ψυχήν σου ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ θήσεις?', '1', 'Will you lay down your life for me?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus’ statement. Alternate translation: “You say that you will die for me, but the truth is that you will not!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '38', 'juha', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω σοι', '1', '', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this is in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '13', '38', 'sp7p', '', 'οὐ μὴ ἀλέκτωρ φωνήσῃ, ἕως οὗ ἀρνήσῃ με τρίς', '1', 'the rooster will not crow before you have denied me three times', '“you will say that you do not know me three times before the rooster crows”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', 'intro', 'kv6m', '', '', '0', '', '# John 14 General Notes

## Special concepts in this chapter

### “My Father’s house”

Jesus used these words to speak of heaven, where God lives, not of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])

### The Holy Spirit

Jesus told his disciples that he would send the Holy Spirit to them. The Holy Spirit is the Comforter ([John 14:16](../../jhn/14/16.md)) who is always with God’s people to help them and to speak to God for them, He is also the Spirit of truth ([John 14:17](../../jhn/14/17.md)) who tells God’s people what is true about God so they know him better and serve him well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '1', 'a2xv', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus reclines at the table with his disciples and continues to speak to them.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '1', 'w3dn', 'figs-metonymy', 'μὴ ταρασσέσθω ὑμῶν ἡ καρδία', '1', 'Do not let your heart be troubled', 'Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “Stop being so anxious and worried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '2', 'cp9z', '', 'ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ τοῦ Πατρός μου, μοναὶ πολλαί εἰσιν', '1', 'In my Father’s house are many rooms', '“There are many places to live in my Father’s house”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '2', 'eca3', '', 'ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ τοῦ Πατρός μου', '1', 'In my Father’s house', 'This refers to heaven, where God lives.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '2', 'v9px', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατρός', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '2', 'fp9r', '', 'μοναὶ πολλαί', '1', 'many rooms', 'Here, **rooms** can refer to single rooms, or to larger dwellings.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '2', 'xb2y', 'figs-you', 'πορεύομαι ἑτοιμάσαι τόπον ὑμῖν', '1', 'I am going to prepare a place for you', 'Jesus is **going to prepare a place** in heaven for every person who trusts in him. The **you** is plural and refers to all his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '4', 'ir1d', 'figs-metaphor', 'τὴν ὁδόν', '1', 'the way', 'This could be: (1) a metaphor that refers to “the way to God.” (2) a metaphor that refers to “the one who takes people to God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '5', 'e1dl', '', 'πῶς δυνάμεθα τὴν ὁδὸν εἰδέναι', '1', 'how can we know the way?', '“how can we know how to get there?”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '6', 'i8le', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἡ ἀλήθεια', '1', 'the truth', 'This could be: (1) a metaphor that means “the true person.” (2) a metaphor that means “the one who speaks true words about God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '6', 'z9tr', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἡ ζωή', '1', 'the life', 'This is a metaphor that means Jesus can give life to people. Alternate translation: “the one who can make people alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '6', 'g5hn', 'figs-explicit', 'οὐδεὶς ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα, εἰ μὴ δι’ ἐμοῦ', '1', 'no one comes to the Father except through me', 'People can come to God and live with him only by trusting Jesus. Alternate translation: “No one can come to the Father and live with him unless he comes through me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '6', 'f95q', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατέρα', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '8', 'kum1', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Κύριε, δεῖξον ἡμῖν τὸν Πατέρα', '1', 'Lord, show us the Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '9', 'mr1a', 'figs-rquestion', 'τοσοῦτον χρόνον μεθ’ ὑμῶν εἰμι, καὶ οὐκ ἔγνωκάς με, Φίλιππε?', '1', 'I have been with you for so long and you still do not know me, Philip?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus’ words. Alternate translation: “Philip, I have been with you disciples already for a very long time. You should know me by now!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '9', 'l3s8', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ ἑωρακὼς ἐμὲ, ἑώρακεν τὸν Πατέρα', '1', 'Whoever has seen me has seen the Father', 'To see Jesus, who is God the Son, is to see God **the Father**. **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '9', 'x1uh', 'figs-rquestion', 'πῶς σὺ λέγεις, δεῖξον ἡμῖν τὸν Πατέρα?', '1', 'How can you say, ‘Show us the Father’?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize Jesus’ words to Philip. Alternate translation: “So you really should not be saying, ‘Show us the Father!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '10', 'v2jb', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Jesus asks Philip a question and then he continues to speak to all of his disciples.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '10', 'hc1z', 'figs-rquestion', 'οὐ πιστεύεις ὅτι ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν ἐμοί ἐστιν?', '1', 'Do you not believe … in me?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize Jesus’ words to Philip. Alternate translation: “You really should believe that I am in the Father and the Father is in me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '10', 'e4se', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατρὶ', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '10', 'pgk6', '', 'τὰ ῥήματα ἃ ἐγὼ λαλῶ ὑμῖν, ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ οὐ λαλῶ', '1', 'The words that I say to you I do not speak from my own authority', '“What I am telling you is not from me” or “The words I tell you are not from me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '10', 'wh9w', '', 'τὰ ῥήματα ἃ ἐγὼ λαλῶ ὑμῖν', '1', 'The words that I say to you', 'Here, **you** is plural. Jesus is now speaking to all of his disciples.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '10', 'seon', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ', '1', '', 'See how you translated this phrase in [5:30](../05/30.md). Alternate translation: “on my own authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '11', 'ew6g', 'figs-idiom', 'ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν ἐμοί', '1', 'I am in the Father, and the Father is in me', 'This is an idiom that means God the Father and Jesus have a unique relationship. Alternate translation: “I am one with the Father, and the Father is one with me” or “my Father and I are just as though we were one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '12', 'gh64', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν,', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this is in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '12', 'h2rh', '', 'ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ', '1', 'believes in me', 'This means to believe that Jesus is the Son of God.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '12', 'cn14', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατέρα', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '13', 'n2id', 'figs-metonymy', 'ὅ τι ἂν αἰτήσητε ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου', '1', 'Whatever you ask in my name', 'Here, **name** is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: “Whatever you ask, using my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '13', 'i138', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἵνα δοξασθῇ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν τῷ Υἱῷ', '1', 'so that the Father will be glorified in the Son', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “so I can show everyone how great my Father is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '13', 'j6nh', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατὴρ…Υἱῷ', '1', 'Father … Son', '**Father** and **Son** are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '14', 'sgk6', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐάν τι αἰτήσητέ με ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου, ἐγὼ ποιήσω', '1', 'If you ask me anything in my name, I will do it', 'Here, **name** is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: “If you ask me anything as one of my followers, I will do it” or “Whatever you ask of me, I will do it because you belong to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '16', 'tu1e', '', 'Παράκλητον', '1', 'Comforter', 'This refers to the Holy Spirit.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '17', 'sc6r', '', 'Πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας', '1', 'Spirit of truth', 'This refers to the Holy Spirit who teaches people what is true about God.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '17', 'i2v7', 'figs-metonymy', 'ὃ ὁ κόσμος οὐ δύναται λαβεῖν', '1', 'The world cannot receive him', 'Here the **world** is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. Alternate translation: “whom the unbelieving people in this world will never welcome” or “whom those who oppose God will not accept” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '18', 'hy8v', 'figs-explicit', 'οὐκ ἀφήσω ὑμᾶς ὀρφανούς', '1', 'leave you alone', 'Here Jesus implies that he **will not leave** his disciples with no one to care for them. Alternate translation: “I will not leave you with no one to care for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '19', 'r5q8', 'figs-metonymy', 'ὁ κόσμος', '1', 'the world', 'Here the **world** is a metonym that represents the people who do not belong to God. Alternate translation: “the unbelievers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '20', 'b87j', '', 'γνώσεσθε ὑμεῖς ὅτι ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ Πατρί μου', '1', 'you will know that I am in my Father', 'God the **Father** and Jesus live as one person. Alternate translation: “you will know that my Father and I are just like one person”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '20', 'he2a', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατρί μου', '1', 'my Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '20', 'ht8z', '', 'ὑμεῖς ἐν ἐμοὶ, κἀγὼ ἐν ὑμῖν', '1', 'you are in me, and that I am in you', '“you and I are just like one person”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '21', 'rw8n', '', 'ἀγαπῶν', '1', 'loves', 'This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '21', 'gjl8', 'figs-activepassive', 'ὁ δὲ ἀγαπῶν με, ἀγαπηθήσεται ὑπὸ τοῦ Πατρός μου', '1', 'he who loves me will be loved by my Father', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “and my Father will love everyone who loves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '21', 'qsu7', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατρός μου', '1', 'my Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '22', 'r22b', 'translate-names', 'Ἰούδας, οὐχ ὁ Ἰσκαριώτης', '1', 'Judas (not Iscariot)', 'This refers to another disciple whose name was Judas, not to the disciple who was from the village of Kerioth who betrayed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '22', 'a7aa', '', 'τί γέγονεν, ὅτι ἡμῖν μέλλεις ἐμφανίζειν σεαυτὸν', '1', 'why is it that you will show yourself to us', 'Here the word **show** refers to revealing how wonderful Jesus is. Alternate translation: “why will you reveal yourself only to us” or “why will you only let us see how wonderful you are”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '22', 'gv3a', 'figs-metonymy', 'οὐχὶ τῷ κόσμῳ', '1', 'not to the world', 'Here, **world** is a metonym that represents the people who oppose God. Alternate translation: “not to those who do not belong to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '23', 'a9av', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Jesus responds to Judas (not Iscariot).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '23', 'xez7', '', 'ἐάν τις ἀγαπᾷ με, τὸν λόγον μου τηρήσει', '1', 'If anyone loves me, he will keep my word', '“The one who loves me will do what I have told him to do”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '23', 'ai8y', '', 'ἀγαπᾷ', '1', 'loves', 'This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '23', 'xk31', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ Πατήρ μου', '1', 'My Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '23', 'h9tl', 'figs-explicit', 'πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐλευσόμεθα, καὶ μονὴν παρ’ αὐτῷ ποιησόμεθα', '1', 'we will come to him and we will make our home with him', 'The Father and the Son will share life with those who obey what Jesus commands. Alternate translation: “we will come to live with him, and will have a personal relationship with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '24', 'b7di', '', 'ὁ λόγος ὃν ἀκούετε, οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸς, ἀλλὰ τοῦ πέμψαντός με Πατρός', '1', 'The word that you hear is not from me but from the Father who sent me', '“the things I have told you are not things that I have decided to say on my own”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '24', 'c3ju', '', 'ὁ λόγος', '1', 'The word', '“the message”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '24', 'd7ay', '', 'ὃν ἀκούετε', '1', 'that you hear', 'Here when Jesus says **you** he is speaking to all of his disciples.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '24', 'az71', 'figs-explicit', 'τοῦ πέμψαντός με Πατρός', '1', '', 'Here, this phrase refers to God. See how you translated it in [5:23](../05/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '24', 'jhdc', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τοῦ…Πατρός', '1', '', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '26', 'hk8n', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατὴρ', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '27', 'nx8a', 'figs-metonymy', 'κόσμος', '1', 'world', 'Here, the **world** is a metonym that represents those people who do not love God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '27', 'm6qq', 'figs-metonymy', 'μὴ ταρασσέσθω ὑμῶν ἡ καρδία, μηδὲ δειλιάτω', '1', 'Do not let your heart be troubled, and do not be afraid', 'Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “So stop being anxious, and do not be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '28', 's8bx', '', 'ἠγαπᾶτέ', '1', 'loved', 'This kind of love comes from God and desires the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '28', 's3t3', 'figs-explicit', 'πορεύομαι πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα', '1', 'I am going to the Father', 'Here Jesus implies that he will return to his **Father**. Alternate translation: “I am going back to the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '28', 'gtk5', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ Πατὴρ μείζων μού ἐστιν', '1', 'the Father is greater than I', 'Here Jesus implies that the Father has greater authority than the Son while the Son is on the earth. Alternate translation: “the Father has greater authority than I have here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '28', 'ymq4', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατέρα', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '30', 'ah3s', '', 'τοῦ κόσμου ἄρχων', '1', 'ruler of this world', 'Here, the **ruler** refers to Satan. See how you translated this in [John 12:31](../12/31.md). Alternate translation: “Satan who rules this world”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '30', 'ea6m', 'figs-explicit', 'ἔρχεται…ὁ τοῦ κόσμου ἄρχων', '1', 'ruler … is coming', 'Here Jesus implies that Satan **is coming** to attack him. Alternate translation: “Satan is coming to attack me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '31', 'jhq1', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἵνα γνῷ ὁ κόσμος', '1', 'in order that the world will know', 'Here the **world** is a metonym for the people who do not belong to God. Alternate translation: “in order that the ones who do not belong to God may know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '14', '31', 'r9ub', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τὸν Πατέρα', '1', 'the Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', 'intro', 'k9jd', '', '', '0', '', '# John 15 General Notes

## Structure and formatting

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Vine

Jesus used the vine as a metaphor for himself. This is because the vine of the grape plant is what takes water and minerals from the ground to the leaves and grapes. Without the vine, the grapes and leaves die. He wanted his followers to know that unless they loved and obeyed him, they would be unable to do anything that pleased God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '1', 'aws2', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus reclines at the table with his disciples and continues to speak to them.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '1', 'fen5', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἄμπελος ἡ ἀληθινή', '1', 'I am the true vine', 'Here the **true vine** is a metaphor. Jesus compares himself to a vine or a vine stem. He is the source of life that causes people to live in a way that pleases God. Alternate translation: “I am like a vine that produces good fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '1', 'w2d4', 'figs-metaphor', 'ὁ Πατήρ μου ὁ γεωργός ἐστιν', '1', 'my Father is the gardener', 'Here, the **gardener** is a metaphor. A “gardener” is a person who takes care of the vine to ensure it is as fruitful as possible. Alternate translation: “my Father is like a gardener” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '1', 'hqj7', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ Πατήρ μου', '1', 'my Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '2', 'p311', 'figs-metaphor', 'πᾶν κλῆμα ἐν ἐμοὶ μὴ φέρον καρπὸν, αἴρει', '1', 'He takes away every branch in me that does not bear fruit', 'Here, **Every branch** represents people, and **bearing fruit** represents living in a way that pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '2', 'wt8w', '', 'αἴρει αὐτό', '1', 'takes away', '“he cuts it off and takes it away”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '2', 'xej7', '', 'πᾶν τὸ καρπὸν φέρον, καθαίρει αὐτὸ', '1', 'prunes every branch', '“he trims every branch that bears fruit”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '3', 'xn3j', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἤδη ὑμεῖς καθαροί ἐστε, διὰ τὸν λόγον ὃν λελάληκα ὑμῖν', '1', 'You are already clean because of the message that I have spoken to you', 'The implied metaphor here is the **clean** branches that have already been “pruned.” Alternate translation: “It is as if you have already been pruned and are clean branches because you have obeyed what I have taught you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '3', 'l5zz', 'figs-you', 'ὑμεῖς…ὑμῖν', '1', 'you', 'The words **You** and **you** in this verse are plural and refer to the disciples of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '4', 'qvv9', '', 'μείνατε ἐν ἐμοί, κἀγὼ ἐν ὑμῖν', '1', 'Remain in me, and I in you', '“If you remain joined to me, I will remain joined to you” or “Remain joined to me, and I will remain joined to you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '4', 'hn7q', '', 'ἐὰν μὴ ἐν ἐμοὶ μένητε', '1', 'unless you remain in me', 'By remaining in Christ, those who belong to him depend on him for everything. Alternate translation: “unless you stay joined to me and depend upon me for everything”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '5', 'mw4t', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἄμπελος; ὑμεῖς τὰ κλήματα', '1', 'I am the vine, you are the branches', 'Here, the **vine** is a metaphor that represents Jesus, and the **branches** is a metaphor that represent those who trust in Jesus and belong to him. Alternate translation: “I am like a vine, and you are like branches that are attached to the vine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '5', 'r4di', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ μένων ἐν ἐμοὶ κἀγὼ ἐν αὐτῷ', '1', 'He who remains in me and I in him', 'Here Jesus implies that his followers are joined to him as he is joined to God. Alternate translation: “The person who stays joined to me, as I stay joined to my Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '5', 'hzh4', 'figs-metaphor', 'οὗτος φέρει καρπὸν πολύν', '1', 'he bears much fruit', 'The implied metaphor here is the fruitful branch that represents the believer who pleases God. Just as a branch that is attached to the vine will bear **much fruit**, those who stay joined to Jesus will do many things that please God. Alternate translation: “that person will bear much fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '6', 'k1tm', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἐβλήθη ἔξω ὡς τὸ κλῆμα καὶ ἐξηράνθη', '1', 'he is thrown away like a branch and dries up', 'Here the implied metaphor is the unfruitful branch that represents those who do not stay joined to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '6', 'h6cu', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἐβλήθη ἔξω ὡς τὸ κλῆμα καὶ ἐξηράνθη', '1', '', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “the vinedresser throws him away like a branch and he dries up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '6', 'e789', 'figs-activepassive', 'καίεται', '1', 'they are burned up', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “the fire burns them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '7', 'm38f', 'figs-explicit', 'ὃ ἐὰν θέλητε, αἰτήσασθε', '1', 'ask whatever you wish', 'Jesus implies that believers must ask God to answer their prayers. Alternate translation: “ask God whatever you wish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '7', 'mcz5', 'figs-activepassive', 'γενήσεται ὑμῖν', '1', 'it will be done for you', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “he will do it for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '8', 'yq67', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἐν τούτῳ ἐδοξάσθη ὁ Πατήρ μου', '1', 'My Father is glorified in this', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “It causes people to honor my Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '8', 'z1ww', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ Πατήρ μου', '1', 'My Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '8', 'wpa6', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἵνα καρπὸν πολὺν φέρητε', '1', 'that you bear much fruit', 'Here, **fruit** is a metaphor for living to please God. Alternate translation: “that you live in a way that pleases him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '8', 'vtg5', '', 'γένησθε ἐμοὶ μαθηταί', '1', 'are my disciples', '“show you are my disciples” or “demonstrate you are my disciples”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '9', 'nf5v', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'καθὼς ἠγάπησέν με ὁ Πατήρ, κἀγὼ ὑμᾶς ἠγάπησα', '1', 'As the Father has loved me, I have also loved you', 'Jesus shares the love that God the Father has for him with those who trust in him. **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '9', 'd32z', '', 'μείνατε ἐν τῇ ἀγάπῃ τῇ ἐμῇ', '1', 'Remain in my love', '“Continue to accept my love”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '10', 'cu4e', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐὰν τὰς ἐντολάς μου τηρήσητε, μενεῖτε ἐν τῇ ἀγάπῃ μου, καθὼς ἐγὼ τοῦ Πατρός τὰς ἐντολὰς τετήρηκα, καὶ μένω αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ ἀγάπῃ', '1', 'If you keep my commandments, you will remain in my love, as I have kept the commandments of my Father and remain in his love', 'When Jesus’ followers obey him, they show their love for him. Alternate translation: “When you do the things I have told you to do, you are living in my love, just as I obey my Father and live in his love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '10', 'k1nm', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τοῦ Πατρός', '1', 'my Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '11', 'rcv8', '', 'ταῦτα λελάληκα ὑμῖν, ἵνα ἡ χαρὰ ἡ ἐμὴ ἐν ὑμῖν ᾖ', '1', 'I have spoken these things to you so that my joy will be in you', '“I have told you these things so that you will have the same kind of joy that I have”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '11', 'r1p1', 'figs-activepassive', 'καὶ ἡ χαρὰ ὑμῶν πληρωθῇ', '1', 'so that your joy will be complete', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “so that you will be completely joyful” or “so that your joy may have nothing missing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '13', 'bu8j', '', 'τὴν ψυχὴν', '1', 'life', 'This refers to physical life.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '15', 'h2wv', '', 'πάντα ἃ ἤκουσα παρὰ τοῦ Πατρός μου, ἐγνώρισα ὑμῖν', '1', 'everything that I heard from my Father, I have made known to you', '“I have told you everything my Father told me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '15', 'b56f', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τοῦ Πατρός μου', '1', 'my Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '16', 'yu3e', 'figs-explicit', 'οὐχ ὑμεῖς με ἐξελέξασθε', '1', 'You did not choose me', 'Jesus implies that his followers did not decide on their own to become his disciples. Alternate translation: “You did not decide to become my disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '16', 'qj98', 'figs-metaphor', 'ὑπάγητε καὶ καρπὸν φέρητε', '1', 'go and bear fruit', 'Here, **fruit** is a metaphor that represents a life that is pleasing to God. Alternate translation: “live lives that please God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '16', 'v3je', '', 'καὶ ὁ καρπὸς ὑμῶν μένῃ', '1', 'that your fruit should remain', '“that the results of what you do should last forever”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '16', 'z431', 'figs-metonymy', 'ὅ τι ἂν αἰτήσητε τὸν Πατέρα ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου, δῷ ὑμῖν', '1', 'whatever you ask of the Father in my name, he will give it to you', 'Here, **name** is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: “because you ask with my authority, whatever you ask of the Father, he will give it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '16', 'bcy1', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τὸν Πατέρα', '1', 'the Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '18', 'd5ff', 'figs-metonymy', 'ὁ κόσμος', '1', 'the world', 'Here, the **world** refers to the people who do not belong to God and are opposed to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '19', 'x6q8', 'figs-metonymy', 'τοῦ κόσμου', '1', 'the world', 'Here, the **world** refers to the people who do not belong to God and are opposed to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '19', 'xas7', '', 'ἐφίλει', '1', 'love', 'This refers to human, brotherly **love** or love for a friend or family member.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '20', 'v53s', 'figs-metonymy', 'μνημονεύετε τοῦ λόγου οὗ ἐγὼ εἶπον ὑμῖν', '1', 'Remember the word that I said to you', 'Here, **word** is a metonym for the message of Jesus. Alternate translation: “Remember the message that I spoke to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '21', 'z35m', 'figs-metonymy', 'διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου', '1', 'because of my name', 'Here, **because of my name** is a metonym that represents Jesus. People will make his followers suffer because they belong to him. Alternate translation: “because you belong to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '21', 'hs9x', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸν πέμψαντά με', '1', '', 'Here, **the one who sent me** refers to God. See how you translated it in [4:34](../04/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '22', 'm75h', 'figs-explicit', 'εἰ μὴ ἦλθον καὶ ἐλάλησα αὐτοῖς, ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ εἴχοσαν; νῦν δὲ πρόφασιν οὐκ ἔχουσιν περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν', '1', 'If I had not come and spoken to them, they would not have sin, but now they have no excuse for their sin', 'Jesus implies here that he has shared God’s message with those who do not trust him. Alternate translation: “Because I have come and told them God’s message, they have no excuse when God judges them for their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '23', 'sw4l', '', 'ὁ ἐμὲ μισῶν, καὶ τὸν Πατέρα μου μισεῖ', '1', 'He who hates me also hates my Father', 'To hate God the Son is to hate God the Father.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '23', 'u9u7', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τὸν Πατέρα', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '24', 'bd47', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'εἰ τὰ ἔργα μὴ ἐποίησα ἐν αὐτοῖς ἃ οὐδεὶς ἄλλος ἐποίησεν, ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ εἴχοσαν…δὲ', '1', 'If I had not done the works that no one else did among them, they would have no sin, but', 'You can translate this double negative in a positive form. Alternate translation: “Because I have done among them the works that no one else did, they have had sin, and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '24', 'v23s', '', 'ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ εἴχοσαν', '1', 'they would have no sin', '“they would not have any sin.” See how you translated this in [John 15:22](../15/22.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '24', 'v6pt', '', 'καὶ ἑωράκασιν καὶ μεμισήκασιν, καὶ ἐμὲ καὶ τὸν Πατέρα μου', '1', 'they have seen and hated both me and my Father', 'To hate God the Son is to hate God the Father.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '25', 'x7g9', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἵνα πληρωθῇ ὁ λόγος ὁ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ αὐτῶν γεγραμμένος', '1', 'to fulfill the word that is written in their law', 'Here, **word** is a metonym for the entire message of God. Alternate translation: “in order that the prophecy in their law might be fulfilled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '25', 'rod8', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἵνα πληρωθῇ ὁ λόγος ὁ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ αὐτῶν γεγραμμένος', '1', '', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “this happened in order to fulfill the prophecy in their law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '25', 'j2m2', '', 'τῷ νόμῳ', '1', 'law', 'Here, **law** refers generally to the entire Old Testament, which contained all of God’s instructions for his people.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '26', 'mwq6', '', 'πέμψω ὑμῖν παρὰ τοῦ Πατρός, τὸ Πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας…ἐκεῖνος μαρτυρήσει περὶ ἐμοῦ', '1', 'will send … from the Father … the Spirit of truth … he will testify about me', 'God the Father sent God the Spirit to show the world that Jesus is God the Son.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '26', 'tpw6', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατρός', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '26', 'tzi9', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸ Πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας', '1', 'the Spirit of truth', 'This is a title for the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “the Spirit who tells the truth about God and me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '27', 'r47f', 'figs-explicit', 'καὶ ὑμεῖς…μαρτυρεῖτε', '1', 'You are also testifying', 'Here, **testifying** means they are telling others about Jesus. Alternate translation: “you also must tell everyone what you know about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '15', '27', 'ew2v', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἀρχῆς', '1', 'the beginning', 'Here the **beginning** is a metonym that means the first days of Jesus’ ministry. Alternate translation: “the very first days when I began teaching the people and doing miracles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', 'intro', 'wb8v', '', '', '0', '', '# John 16 General Notes

## Special concepts in this chapter

### The Holy Spirit

Jesus told his disciples that he would send the Holy Spirit to them. The Holy Spirit is the Comforter ([John 14:16](../../jhn/14/16.md)) who is always with God’s people to help them and to speak to God for them, He is also the Spirit of truth ([John 14:17](../../jhn/14/17.md)) who tells God’s people what is true about God so they know him better and serve him well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]])

### “The hour is coming”

Jesus used these words to begin prophecies about times that could be shorter or longer than sixty minutes. “The hour” in which people would persecute his followers ([John 16:2](../../jhn/16/02.md)) was days, weeks, and years long, but “the hour” in which his disciples would scatter and leave him alone ([John 16:32](../../jhn/16/32.md)) was less than sixty minutes long. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Simile

Jesus said that just as a woman is in pain as she gives birth to a baby and his followers would be sad when he died. But the woman is glad after the baby is born, and his followers would be happy when he became alive again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '1', 'pbc8', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus reclines at the table with his disciples and continues to speak to them.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '1', 'vui6', 'figs-explicit', 'μὴ σκανδαλισθῆτε', '1', 'you will not fall away', 'Here the phrase **fall away** implies to stop putting one’s trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: “you will not stop trusting in me because of the difficulties you must face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '2', 'i79b', '', 'ἔρχεται ὥρα, ἵνα πᾶς ὁ ἀποκτείνας ὑμᾶς, δόξῃ λατρείαν προσφέρειν τῷ Θεῷ', '1', 'the hour is coming when everyone who kills you will think that he is offering a service to God', '“it will someday happen that a person will kill you and think he is doing something good for God.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '3', 'k4r6', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατέρα', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '4', 'blb2', 'figs-metonymy', 'ὅταν ἔλθῃ ἡ ὥρα αὐτῶν', '1', 'when their hour comes', 'Here, **hour** is a metonym that refers to the time when people will persecute Jesus’ followers. Alternate translation: “when they cause you to suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '4', 'dh5i', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐξ ἀρχῆς', '1', 'in the beginning', 'Here, **the beginning** is a metonym that refers to the first days of Jesus’ ministry. Alternate translation: “when you first started following me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '5', 'gbpt', 'figs-explicit', 'τὸν πέμψαντά με', '1', '', 'Here, **the one who sent me** refers to God. See how you translated it in [4:34](../04/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '6', 'kr4d', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἡ λύπη πεπλήρωκεν ὑμῶν τὴν καρδίαν', '1', 'sadness has filled your heart', 'Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “you are now very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '7', 'g3ze', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'ἐὰν…μὴ ἀπέλθω, ὁ Παράκλητος οὐκ ἐλεύσεται πρὸς ὑμᾶς', '1', 'if I do not go away, the Comforter will not come to you', 'You can translate this in a positive form. Alternate translation: “the Comforter will come to you only if I go away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '7', 'd1zd', '', 'Παράκλητος', '1', 'Comforter', 'This is a title for the Holy Spirit who will be with the disciples after Jesus goes away. See how you translated this in [John 14:26](../14/26.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '8', 'e7di', '', 'ἐκεῖνος ἐλέγξει τὸν κόσμον περὶ ἁμαρτίας', '1', 'the Comforter will prove the world to be wrong about sin', 'When the Holy Spirit came, he began to show people that they are sinners.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '8', 'bpu5', '', 'ἐκεῖνος', '1', 'Comforter', 'This refers to the Holy Spirit. See how you translated this in [John 14:16](../14/16.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '8', 'i78r', 'figs-metonymy', 'κόσμον', '1', 'world', 'This is a metonym that refers to the people in the world.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '9', 'v4hk', '', 'περὶ ἁμαρτίας μέν, ὅτι οὐ πιστεύουσιν εἰς ἐμὲ', '1', 'about sin, because they do not believe in me', '“they are guilty of sin because they do not trust in me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '10', 't4qe', '', 'περὶ δικαιοσύνης…ὅτι πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα ὑπάγω, καὶ οὐκέτι θεωρεῖτέ με', '1', 'about righteousness, because I am going to the Father, and you will no longer see me', '“when I return to God, and they see me no more, they will know that I did the right things”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '10', 'r121', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατέρα', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '11', 'l71y', '', 'περὶ…κρίσεως, ὅτι ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου κέκριται', '1', 'about judgment, because the ruler of this world has been judged', '“God will hold them accountable and will punish them for their sins, just as he will punish Satan, the one who rules this world”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '11', 'x2z1', '', 'ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου', '1', 'the ruler of this world', 'Here, **the ruler** refers to Satan. See how you translated this in [John 12:31](../12/31.md). Alternate translation: “Satan who rules this world”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '12', 'g29n', '', 'ἔτι πολλὰ…ὑμῖν λέγειν', '1', 'things to say to you', '“additional messages for you” or “more words for you”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '13', 'j7gr', '', 'τὸ Πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας', '1', 'the Spirit of Truth', 'This is a name for the Holy **Spirit** who will tell the people the truth about God.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '13', 'pau7', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁδηγήσει ὑμᾶς ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ πάσῃ', '1', 'he will guide you into all the truth', 'Here, **truth** refers to spiritual truth. Alternate translation: “he will teach you all the spiritual truth you need to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '13', 'pter', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀφ’ ἑαυτοῦ', '1', '', 'See how you translated this phrase in [5:19](../05/19.md). Alternate translation: “on his own authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '13', 'v738', 'figs-explicit', 'ὅσα ἀκούσει, λαλήσει', '1', 'he will say whatever he hears', 'Jesus implies that God the Father will speak to the Spirit. Alternate translation: “he will say whatever God tells him to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '14', 'm9pb', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐκ τοῦ ἐμοῦ λήμψεται, καὶ ἀναγγελεῖ ὑμῖν', '1', 'he will take from what is mine and he will tell it to you', 'Here, **things of mine** refers to Jesus’ teaching and mighty works. Alternate translation: “he will reveal to you that what I have said and done are indeed true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '15', 's73e', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατὴρ', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '15', 'rmq9', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐκ τοῦ ἐμοῦ λαμβάνει, καὶ ἀναγγελεῖ ὑμῖν', '1', 'the Spirit will take from what is mine and he will tell it to you', 'The Holy Spirit will tell people that the words and works of Jesus are true. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit will tell everyone that my words and works are true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '16', 'nq4g', '', 'μικρὸν', '1', 'In a short amount of time', '“soon” or “before much time passes”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '16', 'en9b', '', 'καὶ πάλιν μικρὸν', '1', 'after another short amount of time', '“again, before much time passes”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '17', 'f2sj', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'There is a break in Jesus’ speaking as his disciples ask each other about what Jesus meant.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '17', 's9x3', '', 'μικρὸν καὶ οὐ θεωρεῖτέ με', '1', 'A short amount of time you will no longer see me', 'The disciples did not understand that this refers to Jesus’ death on the cross.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '17', 'zd1n', '', 'πάλιν μικρὸν καὶ ὄψεσθέ με', '1', 'after another short amount of time you will see me', 'This could refer to: (1) Jesus’ resurrection. (2) Jesus’ coming at the end of time.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '17', 'sz1v', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τὸν Πατέρα', '1', 'the Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '19', 'j7dv', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '19', 'j7wv', 'figs-rquestion', 'περὶ τούτου ζητεῖτε μετ’ ἀλλήλων, ὅτι εἶπον, μικρὸν καὶ οὐ θεωρεῖτέ με; καὶ πάλιν μικρὸν καὶ ὄψεσθέ με?', '1', 'Are you seeking among yourselves concerning this because I said, ‘A little while and you do not see me, and again a little while and you will see me’?', 'Jesus uses this question so his disciples will focus on what he has just told them, so he can explain further. Alternate translation: “You are asking yourselves what I meant when I said, ‘A little while and you do not see me, and again a little while and you will see me.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '20', 'jx6s', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly, I say to you', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this is in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '20', 'p9x1', 'figs-metonymy', 'ὁ δὲ κόσμος χαρήσεται', '1', 'but the world will be glad', 'Here the **world** is a metonym for the people who oppose God. Alternate translation: “but the people who oppose God will be glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '20', 'p6v5', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἀλλ’ ἡ λύπη ὑμῶν εἰς χαρὰν γενήσεται', '1', 'but your sorrow will be turned into joy', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “but your sadness will become joy” or “but afterwards instead of being sad you will be very happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '22', 'j7ge', 'figs-metonymy', 'χαρήσεται ὑμῶν ἡ καρδία', '1', 'your heart will be glad', 'Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “you will be very happy” or “you will be very joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '23', 'g4qt', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν', '1', 'Truly, truly, I say to you', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this is in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '23', 'v91r', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἄν τι αἰτήσητε τὸν Πατέρα, δώσει ὑμῖν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου', '1', 'if you ask anything of the Father in my name, he will give it to you', 'Here the word **name** is a metonym that refers to the person and authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: “if you ask anything of the Father, he will give it to you because you belong to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '23', 'w5jj', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατέρα', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '23', 'q75v', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου', '1', 'in my name', 'Here, **name** is a metonym that refers to the person and authority of Jesus. The Father will honor the requests of the believers because of their relationship with Jesus. Alternate translation: “because you are my followers” or “on my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '24', 'p83u', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἡ χαρὰ ὑμῶν ᾖ πεπληρωμένη', '1', 'your joy will be fulfilled', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “God will give you great joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '25', 'm4wc', '', 'ἐν παροιμίαις', '1', 'in figures of speech', '“in language that is not clear”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '25', 'n93q', '', 'ἔρχεται ὥρα', '1', 'the hour is coming', '“it will soon happen”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '25', 'r73l', '', 'παρρησίᾳ περὶ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἀπαγγελῶ ὑμῖν', '1', 'tell you plainly about the Father', '“I will tell you about the Father in a way that you will clearly understand.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '25', 'bq3q', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατρὸς', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '26', 'vf63', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου αἰτήσεσθε', '1', 'you will ask in my name', 'Here, **name** is a metonym for the person and authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: “you will ask because you belong to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '26', 'cy76', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατέρα', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '27', 'scs2', '', 'αὐτὸς…ὁ Πατὴρ φιλεῖ ὑμᾶς, ὅτι ὑμεῖς ἐμὲ πεφιλήκατε', '1', 'the Father himself loves you because you have loved me', 'When a person **loves** Jesus, the Son, they also love the Father, because the Father and Son are one.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '27', 'b49q', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ Πατὴρ', '1', 'I came from the Father', 'Here, **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '28', 'xn2v', '', 'ἐξῆλθον παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς, καὶ ἐλήλυθα εἰς τὸν κόσμον; πάλιν ἀφίημι τὸν κόσμον, καὶ πορεύομαι πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα', '1', 'I came from the Father … I am leaving the world and I am going to the Father', 'After his death and resurrection, Jesus will return to God the Father.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '28', 'wyz7', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τοῦ Πατρὸς…τὸν Πατέρα', '1', 'I came from the Father … going to the Father', 'Here, **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '28', 'l3zb', 'figs-metonymy', 'κόσμον', '1', 'world', 'Here, **world** is a metonym that refers to the people who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '31', 'c8cu', 'figs-rquestion', 'ἄρτι πιστεύετε?', '1', 'Do you believe now?', 'This remarks appears in the form of a question to show that Jesus is puzzled that his disciples are only now ready to trust him. Alternate translation: “So, now you finally place your trust in me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '32', 'yza2', 'figs-activepassive', 'σκορπισθῆτε', '1', 'you will be scattered', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “others will scatter you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '32', 'k3br', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'ὁ Πατὴρ', '1', 'the Father is with me', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '33', 'k6d6', 'figs-explicit', 'ἵνα ἐν ἐμοὶ εἰρήνην ἔχητε', '1', 'so that you will have peace in me', 'Here, **peace** refers to inner peace. Alternate translation: “so that you may have inner peace because of your relationship with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '16', '33', 'z7wj', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐγὼ νενίκηκα τὸν κόσμον', '1', 'I have conquered the world', 'Here, **the world** refers to the troubles and persecution that believers will endure from those who oppose God. Alternate translation: “I have conquered the troubles of this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', 'intro', 'nb2a', '', '', '0', '', '# John 17 General Notes

## Structure and formatting

This chapter forms one long prayer.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Glory

Scripture often speaks of God’s glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. In this chapter Jesus asks God to show his followers his true glory ([John 17:1](../../jhn/17/01.md)).

### Jesus is eternal

Jesus existed before God created the world ([John 17:5](../../jhn/17/05.md)). John wrote about this in [John 1:1](../../jhn/01/01.md).

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### Prayer

Jesus is God’s one and only Son ([John 3:16](../../jhn/03/16.md)), so he could pray differently from the way other people pray. He used many words that sounded like commands. Your translation should make Jesus sound like a son speaking with love and respect to his father and telling him what the father needs to do so that the father will be happy.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '1', 'uf8z', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus had been speaking to his disciples, but now he begins to pray to God.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '1', 'b4pj', 'figs-idiom', 'ἐπάρας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν', '1', 'he lifted up his eyes to the heavens', 'To “lift up the eyes” is an idiom that means to look upward. Alternate translation: “he looked up to the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '1', 'k7tb', '', 'οὐρανὸν', '1', 'heavens', 'This refers to the sky.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '1', 'l8sa', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πάτερ…Υἱὸς', '1', 'Father … Son', '**Father** and **Son** are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '1', 'jup7', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐλήλυθεν ἡ ὥρα', '1', 'the hour has come', 'Here the word **hour** is a metonym that refers to the time for Jesus to suffer and die. Alternate translation: “it is time for me to suffer and die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '2', 'vbt4', '', 'πάσης σαρκός', '1', 'all flesh', 'This refers to all people.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '4', 'h4hu', 'figs-metonymy', 'τὸ ἔργον…ὃ δέδωκάς μοι ἵνα ποιήσω', '1', 'the work that you have given me to do', 'Here, **work** is a metonym that refers to Jesus’ entire earthly ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '5', 'k9ra', 'figs-explicit', 'δόξασόν με σύ, Πάτερ, παρὰ σεαυτῷ, τῇ δόξῃ ᾗ εἶχον πρὸ τοῦ τὸν κόσμον, εἶναι παρὰ σοί', '1', 'Father, glorify me … with the glory that I had with you before the world was made', 'Jesus had glory with God the Father “before the world was made” because Jesus is God the Son. Alternate translation: “Father, give me and you honor by bringing me into your presence as we were before we made the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '5', 'g8at', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πάτερ', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '6', 's4p3', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Jesus begins to pray for his disciples.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '6', 'vbn8', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐφανέρωσά σου τὸ ὄνομα', '1', 'I revealed your name', 'Here, **name** is a metonym that refers to the person of God. Alternate translation: “I taught them who you really are and what you are like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '6', 'hn8z', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου', '1', 'from the world', 'Here, **world** is a metonym that refers to the people of the world that oppose God. This means that God has separated the believers spiritually from the people who do not believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '6', 'u8lc', 'figs-idiom', 'τὸν λόγον σου τετήρηκαν', '1', 'kept your word', 'This is an idiom that means to obey. Alternate translation: “they have obeyed your teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '9', 'ndb1', 'figs-metonymy', 'οὐ περὶ τοῦ κόσμου ἐρωτῶ', '1', 'I do not pray for the world', 'Here, **world** is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. Alternate translation: “I am not praying for those who do not belong to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '11', 'bk2h', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ', '1', 'in the world', 'Here, **world** is a metonym that refers to being on earth and being among the people who oppose God. Alternate translation: “among the people who do not belong to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '11', 'a7un', '', 'Πάτερ Ἅγιε, τήρησον αὐτοὺς…ἵνα ὦσιν ἓν, καθὼς ἡμεῖς', '1', 'Holy Father, keep them … that they will be one … as we are one', 'Jesus asks the Father to keep those who trust in him so they can have a close relationship with God.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '11', 'kp1d', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πάτερ', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '11', 'yq9z', 'figs-metonymy', 'τήρησον αὐτοὺς ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου, ᾧ δέδωκάς μοι', '1', 'keep them in your name that you have given me', 'Here, **name** is a metonym for God’s power and authority. Alternate translation: “keep them safe by your power and authority, which you have given me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '12', 's5kw', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐγὼ ἐτήρουν αὐτοὺς ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου', '1', 'I kept them in your name', 'Here, **name** is a metonym that refers to the power and protection of God. Alternate translation: “I kept them with your protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '12', 'a4s8', '', 'οὐδεὶς ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀπώλετο, εἰ μὴ ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας', '1', 'not one of them was destroyed, except for the son of destruction', '“the only one among them who was destroyed is the son of destruction”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '12', 'az2m', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας', '1', 'the son of destruction', 'This refers to Judas, who betrayed Jesus. Alternate translation: “the one whom you long ago decided you would destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '12', 'blz4', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἵνα ἡ Γραφὴ πληρωθῇ', '1', 'so that the scriptures would be fulfilled', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “to fulfill the prophecy about him in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '13', 'p71q', 'figs-metonymy', 'τῷ κόσμῳ', '1', 'the world', 'Here, **the world** is a metonym for the people who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '13', 'jp4v', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἵνα ἔχωσιν τὴν χαρὰν τὴν ἐμὴν, πεπληρωμένην ἐν ἑαυτοῖς', '1', 'so that they will have my joy fulfilled in themselves', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “so that you might give them great joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '14', 'bc1y', '', 'ἐγὼ δέδωκα αὐτοῖς τὸν λόγον σου', '1', 'I have given them your word', '“I have spoken your message to them”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '14', 'qf43', 'figs-metonymy', 'ὁ κόσμος ἐμίσησεν αὐτούς, ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου, καθὼς ἐγὼ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου', '1', 'the world … because they are not of the world … I am not of the world', 'Here, **the world** is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. Alternate translation: “the people who oppose you have hated my followers because they do not belong to those who do not believe, just as I do not belong to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '15', 'hg22', 'figs-metonymy', 'τοῦ κόσμου', '1', 'the world', 'Here, **the world** is a metonym for the people who oppose God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '15', 's3vp', 'figs-explicit', 'τηρήσῃς αὐτοὺς ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ', '1', 'keep them from the evil one', 'Here, **the evil one** refers to Satan. Alternate translation: “you would protect them from Satan, the evil one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '17', 'y53e', 'figs-explicit', 'ἁγίασον αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ', '1', 'Set them apart by the truth', 'You can state clearly the purpose for setting them apart. The phrase **by the truth** here represents by teaching the truth. Alternate translation: “Make them your own people by teaching them the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '17', 'y5qx', '', 'ὁ λόγος ὁ σὸς ἀλήθειά ἐστιν', '1', 'Your word is truth', '“Your message is true” or “What you say is true”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '18', 'bh1a', 'figs-metonymy', 'εἰς τὸν κόσμον', '1', 'into the world', 'Here, **the world** is a metonym that means the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: “to the people of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '19', 'z4z8', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἵνα ὦσιν καὶ αὐτοὶ ἡγιασμένοι ἐν ἀληθείᾳ', '1', 'so that they themselves may also be set apart in truth', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “so that they may also set apart themselves truly to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '20', 'n7mp', '', 'τῶν πιστευόντων διὰ τοῦ λόγου αὐτῶν εἰς ἐμὲ', '1', 'those who will believe in me through their word', '“those who will believe in me because they teach about me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '21', 's8a1', '', 'πάντες ἓν ὦσιν, καθὼς σύ, Πάτερ, ἐν ἐμοὶ, κἀγὼ ἐν σοί, ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐν ἡμῖν ὦσιν', '1', 'they will all be one, just as you, Father, are in me, and I am in you. May they also be in us', 'Those who trust in Jesus become united with the Father and the Son when they believe.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '21', 'yt2w', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πάτερ', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '21', 'nef9', 'figs-metonymy', 'ὁ κόσμος', '1', 'the world', 'Here, **the world** is a metonym that refers to the people who do not yet know God. Alternate translation: “the people who do not know God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '22', 'p4mj', '', 'κἀγὼ τὴν, δόξαν ἣν δέδωκάς μοι, δέδωκα αὐτοῖς', '1', 'The glory that you gave me, I have given to them', '“I have honored my followers just as you have honored me”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '22', 'wwu9', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἵνα ὦσιν ἓν, καθὼς ἡμεῖς ἕν', '1', 'so that they will be one, just as we are one', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “so that you can unite them just as you have united us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '23', 'fld5', '', 'ἵνα ὦσιν τετελειωμένοι εἰς ἕν', '1', 'that they may be brought to complete unity', '“that they may be completely united”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '23', 's7ph', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἵνα γινώσκῃ ὁ κόσμος', '1', 'that the world will know', 'Here, **the world** is a metonym that refers to the people who do not know God. Alternate translation: “that all the people will know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '23', 'rw4u', '', 'ἠγάπησας', '1', 'loved', 'This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '24', 'da83', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πάτερ', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '24', 'xh1a', 'figs-explicit', 'ὅπου εἰμὶ ἐγὼ', '1', 'where I am', 'Here, **where I am** refers to heaven. Alternate translation: “with me in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '24', 'hz83', '', 'θεωρῶσιν τὴν δόξαν τὴν ἐμὴν', '1', 'to see my glory', '“to see my greatness”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '24', 'fiv7', 'figs-explicit', 'πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου', '1', 'before the creation of the world', 'Here Jesus refers to the time before creation. Alternate translation: “before we created the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '25', 'cj69', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Jesus finishes his prayer.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '25', 'ur9j', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πάτερ δίκαιε', '1', 'Righteous Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '25', 'xpf5', 'figs-metonymy', 'ὁ κόσμος σε οὐκ ἔγνω', '1', 'the world did not know you', 'Here, **the world** is a metonym for the people who do not belong to God. Alternate translation: “those who do not belong to you do not know what you are like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '26', 'xpi3', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐγνώρισα αὐτοῖς τὸ ὄνομά σου', '1', 'I made your name known to them', 'The word **name** refers to God. Alternate translation: “I have revealed to them what you are like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '17', '26', 'gk2j', '', 'ἀγάπη…ἠγάπησάς', '1', 'love … loved', 'This kind of **love** comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', 'intro', 'ltl2', '', '', '0', '', '# John 18 General Notes

## Structure and formatting

Verse 14 says, “Now Caiaphas was the one who had given the advice to the Jews that it would be better that one man die for the people.” The author says this to help the reader understand why it was to Caiaphas that they took Jesus. You might want to put these words in parentheses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

## Special concepts in this chapter

### “It is not lawful for us to put any man to death”

The Roman government did not allow the Jews to kill criminals, so the Jews needed to ask Pilate, the governor, to kill him ([John 18:31](../../jhn/18/31.md)).

### Jesus’ kingdom

No one knows for sure what Jesus meant when he told Pilate that his kingdom was not “of this world” ([John 18:36](../../jhn/18/36.md)). Some people think that Jesus means that his kingdom is only spiritual and that he has no visible kingdom on this earth, Other people think that Jesus meant that he would not build and rule his kingdom by force, the way other kings build theirs. It is possible to translate the words “is not of this world” as “is not from this place” or “comes from another place.”

### King of the Jews

When Pilate asked if Jesus were the King of the Jews ([John 18:33](../../jhn/18/33.md)), he was asking if Jesus were claiming to be like King Herod, whom the Romans were permitting to rule Judea. When he asked the crowd if he should release the King of the Jews ([John 18:39](../../jhn/18/39.md)), he is mocking the Jews, because the Romans and Jews hated each other. He was also mocking Jesus, because he did not think that Jesus was a king at all. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '1', 'sq3t', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Verses 1-2 give background information for the events that follow. Verse 1 tells where they took place, and verse 2 gives background information about Judas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '1', 'cxz8', 'writing-newevent', 'ταῦτα εἰπὼν, Ἰησοῦς', '1', 'After Jesus spoke these words', 'The author uses these words to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '1', 'z9bw', 'translate-names', 'Κεδρὼν', '1', 'Kidron Valley', 'This is a valley in Jerusalem separating the Temple Mount from the Mount of Olives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '1', 'w3zx', 'figs-explicit', 'ὅπου ἦν κῆπος', '1', 'where there was a garden', 'This **garden** was a grove of olive trees. Alternate translation: “where there was a grove of olive trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '4', 'k71q', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jesus begins to speak with the soldiers, officers, and Pharisees.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '4', 'sh2u', '', 'Ἰησοῦς οὖν εἰδὼς πάντα τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἐπ’ αὐτὸν', '1', 'Then Jesus, who knew all the things that were happening to him', '“Then Jesus, who knew everything that was about to happen to him”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '5', 'vg2d', '', 'Ἰησοῦν τὸν Ναζωραῖον', '1', 'Jesus of Nazareth', '“Jesus, the man from Nazareth”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '5', 'fd9y', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐγώ εἰμι', '1', 'I am', 'The word **he** is implied in the text. Alternate translation: “I am he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '5', 'g4hx', '', 'ὁ παραδιδοὺς αὐτὸν', '1', 'who betrayed him', '“the one who was going to hand him over”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '6', 'b8tl', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐγώ εἰμι', '1', 'I am', 'Here the word **he** is not present in the original text, but it is implied. Alternate translation: “I am he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '6', 'w38n', 'figs-explicit', 'ἔπεσαν χαμαί', '1', 'fell to the ground', 'The men fell to the ground because of Jesus’ power. Alternate translation: “fell down because of Jesus’ power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '7', 'uf85', '', 'Ἰησοῦν τὸν Ναζωραῖον', '1', 'Jesus of Nazareth', '“Jesus, the man from Nazareth”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '8', 'l8as', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'In verse 9 there is a break from the main story line as John tells us background information about Jesus fulfilling Scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '8', 'ui8z', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐγώ εἰμι', '1', 'I am', 'Here the word **he** is not present in the original text, but it is implied. Alternate translation: “I am he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '9', 'bjp9', 'figs-explicit', 'ἵνα πληρωθῇ ὁ λόγος ὃν εἶπεν', '1', 'This was in order to fulfill the word that he said', 'Here, **the word** refers to the words Jesus had prayed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '9', 'zpbq', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἵνα πληρωθῇ ὁ λόγος ὃν εἶπεν', '1', '', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “This happened in order to fulfill the words that he had said when he was praying to his Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '10', 'fe37', 'translate-names', 'Μάλχος', '1', 'Malchus', 'Malchus is a male servant of the high priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '11', 'u2s9', '', 'θήκην', '1', 'sheath', 'the cover for a sharp knife or sword, so the knife will not cut the owner']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '11', 'ghz6', 'figs-rquestion', 'τὸ ποτήριον ὃ δέδωκέν μοι ὁ Πατὴρ, οὐ μὴ πίω αὐτό?', '1', 'Should I not drink the cup that the Father has given me?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus’ statement. Alternate translation: “I must surely drink the cup that the Father has given to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '11', 'm4f3', 'figs-metaphor', 'τὸ ποτήριον', '1', 'the cup', 'Here, **cup** is a metaphor that refers to the suffering that Jesus must endure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '11', 'cjx7', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατὴρ', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '12', 'wxb6', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Verse 14 tells us background information about Caiaphas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '12', 'cl3f', 'figs-synecdoche', 'τῶν Ἰουδαίων', '1', 'the Jews', 'Here, **the Jews** is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '12', 'i6bz', 'figs-explicit', 'συνέλαβον τὸν Ἰησοῦν καὶ ἔδησαν αὐτὸν', '1', 'seized Jesus and tied him up', 'The soldiers tied Jesus’ hands to prevent him from escaping. Alternate translation: “captured Jesus and tied him up to prevent him from escaping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '15', 'hch7', 'figs-activepassive', 'ὁ δὲ μαθητὴς ἐκεῖνος ἦν γνωστὸς τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ, καὶ συνεισῆλθεν τῷ Ἰησοῦ', '1', 'Now that disciple was known to the high priest, and he entered with Jesus', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “Now the high priest knew that disciple so he was able to enter with Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '16', 'utf4', 'figs-activepassive', 'οὖν ὁ μαθητὴς ὁ ἄλλος ὅς ἦν γνωστὸς τοῦ ἀρχιερέως', '1', 'So the other disciple, who was known to the high priest', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “So the other disciple, whom the high priest knew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '17', 'r82l', 'figs-rquestion', 'μὴ καὶ σὺ ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν εἶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τούτου?', '1', 'Are you not also one of the disciples of this man?', 'This appears in the form of a question to enable the servant to express her remark somewhat cautiously. Alternate translation: “You are also one of the arrested man’s disciples! Are you not?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '18', 'bbe9', 'figs-explicit', 'ἵστήκεισαν δὲ οἱ δοῦλοι καὶ οἱ ὑπηρέται, ἀνθρακιὰν πεποιηκότες, ὅτι ψῦχος ἦν, καὶ ἐθερμαίνοντο', '1', 'Now the servants and the officers were standing there, and they had made a charcoal fire, for it was cold, and they were warming themselves', 'These were the high priest’s servants and the temple guards. Alternate translation: “It was cold, so the high priest’s servants and temple guards made a charcoal fire and were standing and warming themselves around it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '18', 'hbw6', 'writing-background', 'δὲ', '1', 'Now', 'This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line so John can add the information about the people who were warming themselves around the fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '19', 'ppt2', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Here the story line shifts back to Jesus.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '19', 'e8h3', '', 'ὁ…ἀρχιερεὺς', '1', 'The high priest', 'This was Caiphas ([John 18:13](../18/13.md)).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '19', 'y6gn', 'figs-explicit', 'περὶ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ, καὶ περὶ τῆς διδαχῆς αὐτοῦ', '1', 'about his disciples and his teaching', 'Here, **his teaching** refers to what Jesus had been teaching the people. Alternate translation: “about his disciples and what he had been teaching the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '20', 'h2kj', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἐγὼ παρρησίᾳ λελάληκα τῷ κόσμῳ', '1', 'I have spoken openly to the world', 'Here, **the world** is a metonym for those people who had heard Jesus teach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '20', 'ltlp', 'figs-hyperbole', 'ἐγὼ παρρησίᾳ λελάληκα τῷ κόσμῳ', '1', '', 'Here the exaggeration **the world** emphasizes that Jesus has spoken openly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '20', 'vcv3', 'figs-hyperbole', 'ὅπου πάντες οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι συνέρχονται', '1', 'where all the Jews come together', 'Here, **all the Jews** is an exaggeration that emphasizes that Jesus spoke where anyone who wanted to hear him could hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '21', 'dlu6', 'figs-rquestion', 'τί με ἐρωτᾷς?', '1', 'Why did you ask me?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to what Jesus is saying. Alternate translation: “You should not be asking me these questions!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '22', 'szv3', 'figs-rquestion', 'οὕτως ἀποκρίνῃ τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ?', '1', 'Is that how you answer the high priest?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “That is not how you should answer the high priest!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '23', 'd76y', '', 'μαρτύρησον περὶ τοῦ κακοῦ', '1', 'testify about the wrong', '“tell me what I said that was wrong”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '23', 'r8dy', 'figs-rquestion', 'εἰ δὲ καλῶς, τί με δέρεις?', '1', 'if rightly, why do you hit me?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to what Jesus is saying. Alternate translation: “but if I said only what was right, you should not be hitting me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '25', 'jr1c', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Here the story line shifts back to Peter.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '25', 'ki76', 'writing-background', 'δὲ', '1', 'Now', 'This word is used to mark a break in the story line so John can provide information about Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '25', 'l2bj', 'figs-rquestion', 'μὴ καὶ σὺ ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ εἶ?', '1', 'Are you not also one of his disciples?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “You are also one of his disciples!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '26', 'oka8', 'figs-rquestion', 'οὐκ ἐγώ σε εἶδον ἐν τῷ κήπῳ μετ’ αὐτοῦ?', '1', '', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “I saw you in the olive tree grove with the man they arrested! Did I not?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '26', 'x6s3', 'figs-explicit', 'μετ’ αὐτοῦ', '1', 'Did I not see you in the garden with him?', 'Here the word **him** refers to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '27', 'msy6', 'figs-explicit', 'πάλιν οὖν ἠρνήσατο Πέτρος', '1', 'Peter then denied again', 'Here it is implied that **Peter** **denied** knowing and being with Jesus. Alternate translation: “Peter then denied again that he knew Jesus or that he had been with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '27', 'jww8', 'figs-explicit', 'εὐθέως ἀλέκτωρ ἐφώνησεν', '1', 'immediately the rooster crowed', 'Here it is assumed the reader will remember that Jesus had said Peter would deny him before the **rooster crowed**. Alternate translation: “immediately the rooster crowed, just as Jesus had said would happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '28', 'a6e7', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Here the story line shifts back to Jesus. The soldiers and Jesus’ accusers bring him to Caiaphas. Verse 28 gives us background information about why they did not enter the Praetorium. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '28', 'ija7', 'figs-explicit', 'ἄγουσιν οὖν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ Καϊάφα', '1', 'Then they led Jesus from Caiaphas', 'Here it is implied that they are leading Jesus from Caiaphas’ house. Alternate translation: “Then they led Jesus from Caiaphas’ house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '28', 'h3vx', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'αὐτοὶ οὐκ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον, ἵνα μὴ μιανθῶσιν', '1', 'they did not enter the government headquarters so that they would not be defiled', 'You can translate the double negative in a positive form. Alternate translation: “they themselves remained the governor’s palace to they would remain ceremonially clean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '28', 'f47s', 'figs-explicit', 'αὐτοὶ οὐκ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον, ἵνα μὴ μιανθῶσιν', '1', '', 'Pilate was not a Jew, so if the Jewish leaders entered his headquarters, they would be defiled. This would have prevented them from celebrating the Passover. Alternate translation: “they themselves remained outside Pilate’s headquarters because Pilate was a Gentile. They did not want to become defiled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '30', 'gj5s', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'εἰ μὴ ἦν οὗτος κακὸν ποιῶν, οὐκ ἄν σοι παρεδώκαμεν αὐτόν', '1', 'If this man was not an evildoer, we would not have given him over to you', 'You can translate this double negative in a positive form. Alternate translation: “This man is an evil doer, so we had to bring him to you for punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '30', 'j9w3', '', 'παρεδώκαμεν αὐτόν', '1', 'given him over', 'This phrase here means to hand over to an enemy.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '31', 's3l4', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'In verse 32 there is a break from the main story line as the author tells us background information about how Jesus’ predicted how he would die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '31', 'ln9s', 'figs-synecdoche', 'εἶπον αὐτῷ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', 'The Jews said to him', 'Here, **Jews** is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus and arrested him. Alternate translation: “The Jewish leaders said to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '31', 'ph54', 'figs-explicit', 'ἡμῖν οὐκ ἔξεστιν ἀποκτεῖναι οὐδένα', '1', 'It is not lawful for us to put any man to death', 'According to Roman law, the Jews could not put a man **to death**. Alternate translation: “According to Roman law, we cannot put a person to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '32', 'ta7m', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἵνα ὁ λόγος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ πληρωθῇ', '1', 'so that the word of Jesus would be fulfilled', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “This happened in order to fulfill what Jesus had said earlier,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '32', 'tu3c', '', 'σημαίνων ποίῳ θανάτῳ ἤμελλεν ἀποθνῄσκειν', '1', 'to indicate by what kind of death he would die', '“regarding how he would die”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '35', 'kfq5', 'figs-rquestion', 'μήτι ἐγὼ Ἰουδαῖός εἰμι?', '1', 'I am not a Jew, am I?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question so Pilate can emphasize his complete lack of interest in the cultural affairs of the Jewish people. Alternate translation: “Well I am certainly not a Jew, and I have no interest in these matters!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '35', 'en38', '', 'τὸ ἔθνος τὸ σὸν', '1', 'Your own people', '“Your fellow Jews”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '36', 'gq19', 'figs-metonymy', 'ἡ βασιλεία ἡ ἐμὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου', '1', 'My kingdom is not of this world', 'Here, **world** is a metonym for the people who oppose Jesus. This could mean: (1) his kingdom is not part of this world. (2) he does not need this world’s permission to rule as their king. (3) it is not from this world that Jesus has authority to be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '36', 's2lq', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἄν, ἵνα μὴ παραδοθῶ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις', '1', 'so that I would not be given over to the Jews', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “would prevent the Jewish leaders from arresting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '36', 'pu8j', 'figs-synecdoche', 'τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις', '1', 'the Jews', 'Here, **the Jews** is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '37', 'ug7i', 'figs-synecdoche', 'ἐλήλυθα εἰς τὸν κόσμον', '1', 'I have come into the world', 'Here, **the world** is a synecdoche that refers to the people who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '37', 'gl3k', 'figs-explicit', 'μαρτυρήσω τῇ ἀληθείᾳ', '1', 'bear witness to the truth', 'Here, **the truth** refers to the truth about God. Alternate translation: “I would tell people the truth about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '37', 'ltn9', 'figs-idiom', 'ὁ ὢν ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας', '1', 'who belongs to the truth', 'This is an idiom that refers to anyone who loves the truth about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '37', 'fa97', 'figs-synecdoche', 'μου τῆς φωνῆς', '1', 'my voice', 'Here, **voice** is a synecdoche that refers to words Jesus says. Alternate translation: “to the things I say” or “to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '38', 'zbm5', 'figs-rquestion', 'τί ἐστιν ἀλήθεια?', '1', 'What is truth?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to reflect Pilate’s belief that no one really knows what truth is. Alternate translation: “No one can know what is true!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '38', 'rma7', 'figs-synecdoche', 'τοὺς Ἰουδαίους', '1', 'the Jews', 'Here, **the Jews** is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '40', 'a7pl', 'figs-ellipsis', 'μὴ τοῦτον, ἀλλὰ τὸν Βαραββᾶν', '1', 'Not this man, but Barabbas', 'This is an ellipsis. You can add the implied words. Alternate translation: “No! Do not release this man! Release Barabbas instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '18', '40', 'h11k', 'writing-background', 'ἦν δὲ ὁ Βαραββᾶς λῃστής', '1', 'Now Barabbas was a robber', 'Here John provides background information about **Barabbas**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', 'intro', 'u96u', '', '', '0', '', '# John 19 General Notes

## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 19:24, which are words from the Old Testament.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### “Purple garment”

Purple is a color like red or blue. The people were mocking Jesus, so they put him in a purple garment. This was because kings wore purple garments. They spoke and acted like they were giving honor to a king, but everyone knew that they were doing it because they hated Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])

### “You are not Caesar’s friend”

Pilate knew that Jesus was not a criminal, so he did not want to have his soldiers kill him. But the Jews told him that Jesus was claiming to be a king, and anyone who did that was breaking Caesar’s laws ([John 19:12](../../jhn/19/12.md)).

### The tomb

The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([John 19:41](../../jhn/19/41.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Sarcasm

The soldiers were insulting Jesus when they said, “Hail, King of the Jews.” Pilate was insulting the Jews when he asked, “Should I crucify your king?” He was probably also insulting both Jesus and the Jews when he wrote, “Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### Gabbatha, Golgotha

These are two Hebrew words. After translating the meanings of these words (“The Pavement” and “The Place of a Skull”), the author transliterates their sounds by writing them with Greek letters.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '1', 'u3gi', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus is standing before Pilate as he is being accused by the Jews.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '1', 'yay2', 'figs-synecdoche', 'τότε οὖν ἔλαβεν ὁ Πειλᾶτος τὸν Ἰησοῦν καὶ ἐμαστίγωσεν', '1', 'Then Pilate took Jesus and whipped him', 'Pilate himself did not whip Jesus. Here, **Pilate** is a synecdoche for the soldiers that Pilate ordered to whip Jesus. Alternate translation: “Then Pilate ordered his soldiers to whip Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '3', 'u4vw', 'figs-irony', 'χαῖρε, ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων', '1', 'Hail, King of the Jews', 'The greeting **Hail** with a raised hand was only used to greet Caesar. As the soldiers use the crown of thorns and the purple robe to mock Jesus, it is ironic that they do not recognize that he is indeed a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '4', 'c6v2', 'figs-explicit', 'αἰτίαν ἐν αὐτῷ οὐχ εὑρίσκω', '1', 'I find no guilt in him', 'Pilate states this twice to say he does not believe Jesus is not guilty of any crime. He does not want to punish him. Alternate translation: “I see no reason to punish him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '5', 't9wn', '', 'τὸν ἀκάνθινον στέφανον καὶ τὸ πορφυροῦν ἱμάτιον', '1', 'crown of thorns … purple garment', 'The **crown** and the **purple** robe are things only kings wear. The soldiers dressed Jesus in this manner to mock him. See [John 19:2](../19/02.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '7', 'x7bg', 'figs-synecdoche', 'ἀπεκρίθησαν αὐτῷ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', 'The Jews answered him', 'Here, **the Jews** is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “The Jewish leaders answered Pilate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '7', 'vr7p', '', 'ὀφείλει ἀποθανεῖν, ὅτι Υἱὸν Θεοῦ ἑαυτὸν ἐποίησεν', '1', 'he has to die because he claimed to be the Son of God', 'Jesus was condemned to death by crucifixion because he claimed he was “the Son of God.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '7', 'xt93', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Υἱὸν Θεοῦ', '1', 'Son of God', '**Son of God** is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '10', 'wcm8', 'figs-rquestion', 'ἐμοὶ οὐ λαλεῖς?', '1', 'Are you not speaking to me?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question. Here Pilate expresses his surprise that Jesus does not take the opportunity to defend himself. Alternate translation: “I cannot believe you are refusing to speak to me!” or “Answer me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '10', 'iap3', 'figs-rquestion', 'οὐκ οἶδας ὅτι ἐξουσίαν ἔχω ἀπολῦσαί σε, καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἔχω σταυρῶσαί σε?', '1', 'Do you not know that I have power to release you, and power to crucify you?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “You should know that I am able to release you or to order my soldiers to crucify you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '11', 'x2as', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'οὐκ εἶχες ἐξουσίαν κατ’ ἐμοῦ οὐδεμίαν, εἰ μὴ ἦν δεδομένον σοι ἄνωθεν', '1', 'You do not have any power over me except for what has been given to you from above', 'You can translate this double negative in a positive form. Alternate translation: “You are able to act against me only because you have been given that authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '11', 'i7nu', 'figs-activepassive', 'οὐκ εἶχες ἐξουσίαν κατ’ ἐμοῦ οὐδεμίαν, εἰ μὴ ἦν δεδομένον σοι ἄνωθεν', '1', '', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “You are able to act against me only because God has made you able” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '11', 'arc9', '', 'ἄνωθεν', '1', 'from above', 'This is a respectful way of referring to God.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '11', 'vc79', '', 'παραδούς μέ', '1', 'gave me over', 'This phrase here means to hand over to an enemy.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '12', 'a39p', 'figs-explicit', 'ἐκ τούτου', '1', 'At this answer', 'Here, **at this** refers to Jesus’ answer. Alternate translation: “When Pilate heard Jesus’ answer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '12', 'r8va', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ Πειλᾶτος ἐζήτει ἀπολῦσαι αὐτόν', '1', 'Pilate tried to release him', 'The form of “was seeking” in the original indicates that Pilate tried “hard” or “repeatedly” to release Jesus. Alternate translation: “he tried hard to release Jesus” or “he tried again and again to release Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '12', 'q1vq', 'figs-synecdoche', 'οἱ δὲ Ἰουδαῖοι ἐκραύγασαν', '1', 'but the Jews cried out', 'Here, **the Jews** is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders that opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “but the Jewish leaders cried out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '12', 'g9xj', '', 'οὐκ εἶ φίλος τοῦ Καίσαρος', '1', 'you are not a friend of Caesar', '“you are opposing Caesar” or “you are opposing the emperor”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '12', 'bhl3', '', 'βασιλέα ἑαυτὸν ποιῶν', '1', 'makes himself a king', '“who claims that he is a king”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '13', 'xr6b', 'figs-synecdoche', 'ὁ οὖν Πειλᾶτος, ἀκούσας τῶν λόγων τούτων, ἤγαγεν ἔξω τὸν Ἰησοῦν', '1', 'he brought Jesus out', 'Here, **Pilate** is a synecdoche for his soldiers, who brought Jesus out. Alternate translation: “he ordered the soldiers to bring Jesus out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '13', 'fk5k', '', 'ἐκάθισεν', '1', 'sat down', 'Important people like Pilate sat down when they performed an official duty, while people who were not so important stood up.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '13', 'qhu4', '', 'ἐπὶ βήματος', '1', 'in the judgment seat', 'The **judgment seat** was a special chair that an important person like Pilate sat in when he was making an official judgment. If your language has a special way to describe this action, you can use it here.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '13', 'g8h4', 'figs-activepassive', 'εἰς τόπον λεγόμενον Λιθόστρωτον', '1', 'in a place called “The Pavement,” but', '**The Pavement** was a special stone platform in Jerusalem where only the important people were allowed to go. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “in a place the people called ‘The Pavement’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '13', 'ev3i', '', 'Ἑβραϊστὶ', '1', 'Hebrew', '**Hebrew** was the language that the people of Israel spoke.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '14', 'cus1', '', '', '0', 'Connecting Statement:', 'Some time has passed and it is now the sixth hour, as Pilate orders his soldiers to crucify Jesus.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '14', 't5qt', 'writing-background', 'δὲ', '1', 'Now', '**Now** marks a break in the story line so that John can provide information about the upcoming Passover and the time of day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '14', 'en2i', '', 'ὥρα ἦν ὡς ἕκτη', '1', 'the sixth hour', '“It was about noon”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '14', 'lc5y', 'figs-synecdoche', 'λέγει τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις', '1', 'Pilate said to the Jews', 'Here, **the Jews** is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “Pilate said to the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '15', 'tlj2', 'figs-synecdoche', 'τὸν βασιλέα ὑμῶν σταυρώσω', '1', 'Should I crucify your King?', 'Here, **I** is a synecdoche that refers to Pilate’s soldiers who will actually perform the crucifixion. Alternate translation: “Do you really want me to tell my soldiers to nail your king to a cross?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '16', 't3yb', 'figs-explicit', 'τότε…παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν αὐτοῖς, ἵνα σταυρωθῇ', '1', 'Then Pilate gave Jesus over to them to be crucified', 'Here, **Pilate** gives the order for his soldiers to crucify Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '16', 'dw2m', 'figs-activepassive', 'τότε…παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν αὐτοῖς, ἵνα σταυρωθῇ', '1', '', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “Pilate then ordered his soldiers to crucify Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '17', 'qv6j', 'figs-activepassive', 'εἰς τὸν λεγόμενον, Κρανίου Τόπον', '1', 'to the place called “The Place of a Skull,”', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “to the place that the people called ‘The Place of a Skull,’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '17', 'd88m', '', 'ὃ λέγεται Ἑβραϊστὶ, Γολγοθᾶ', '1', 'which in Hebrew is called “Golgotha.”', 'Hebrew is the language of the people of Israel. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “which in Hebrew they call ‘Golgotha.’”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '18', 'fb84', 'figs-ellipsis', 'μετ’ αὐτοῦ ἄλλους δύο', '1', 'with him two other men', 'This is an ellipsis. You can translate this, adding the implied words. Alternate translation: “they also nailed two other criminals to their crosses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '19', 'cx5s', 'figs-synecdoche', 'ἔγραψεν…καὶ τίτλον ὁ Πειλᾶτος, καὶ ἔθηκεν ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ', '1', 'Pilate also wrote a sign and put it on the cross', 'Here, **Pilate** is a synecdoche for the person who wrote on the sign. Here, **on the cross** refers to Jesus’ cross. Alternate translation: “Pilate also commanded someone to write on a sign and to attach it to Jesus’ cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '19', 'gk8e', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἦν…γεγραμμένον, Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος, ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων.', '1', 'There it was written: JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “that person wrote on it the words: Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '20', 'ke3t', 'figs-activepassive', 'ὁ τόπος…ὅπου ἐσταυρώθη ὁ Ἰησοῦς', '1', 'the place where Jesus was crucified', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “the place where the soldiers crucified Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '20', 'mgb7', 'figs-activepassive', 'καὶ ἦν γεγραμμένον Ἑβραϊστί, Ῥωμαϊστί, Ἑλληνιστί', '1', 'The sign was written in Hebrew, in Latin, and in Greek', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “The one who prepared the sign wrote the words in three languages: Hebrew, Latin, and Greek” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '20', 'w41e', '', 'Ῥωμαϊστί', '1', 'Latin', '**Latin** was the language of the Roman government.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '21', 'qk7w', 'figs-explicit', 'ἔλεγον οὖν τῷ Πειλάτῳ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς τῶν Ἰουδαίων', '1', 'Then the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate', 'The chief priests had to go back to Pilate’s headquarters to protest to him about the words on the sign. Alternate translation: “Then the chief priests went back to Pilate and said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '22', 'sus9', 'figs-explicit', 'ὃ γέγραφα, γέγραφα', '1', 'What I have written I have written', 'Pilate implies that he will not change the words on the sign. Alternate translation: “I have written what I wanted to write, and I will not change it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '23', 'lis8', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'At the end of verse 24 there is a break from the main story line as the John tells us how this event fulfills Scriture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '23', 's74c', 'figs-explicit', 'καὶ τὸν χιτῶνα', '1', 'also the tunic', '“and they also took his tunic.” The soldiers kept the tunic separate and did not divide it. Alternate translation: “they kept his tunic separate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '24', 'ks7m', 'figs-explicit', 'λάχωμεν περὶ αὐτοῦ, τίνος ἔσται', '1', 'let us cast lots for it to decide whose it will be', 'The soldiers will gamble and the winner will receive the shirt. Alternate translation: “let us gamble for the tunic and the winner will get to keep it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '24', 'j1f9', '', 'ἵνα ἡ Γραφὴ πληρωθῇ ἡ λέγουσα', '1', 'so that the scripture would be fulfilled which said', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “This fulfilled the scripture that said” or “This happened to make the scripture come true which said”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '26', 'gkf1', '', 'τὸν μαθητὴν…ὃν ἠγάπα', '1', 'the disciple whom he loved', 'This refers to John, the writer of this Gospel.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '26', 't7tc', 'figs-metaphor', 'γύναι, ἰδοὺ, ὁ υἱός σου', '1', 'Woman, see, your son', 'Here the word **son** is a metaphor. Jesus wants his disciple, John, to be like a son to his mother. Alternate translation: “Woman, here is the man who will act like a son to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '27', 'qc7d', 'figs-metaphor', 'ἴδε, ἡ μήτηρ σου', '1', 'See, your mother', 'Here the word **mother** is a metaphor. Jesus wants his mother to be like a mother to his disciple, John. Alternate translation: “Think of this woman as if she were your own mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '27', 'q615', '', 'ἀπ’ ἐκείνης τῆς ὥρας', '1', 'From that hour', '“from that very moment”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '28', 'crd3', 'figs-activepassive', 'εἰδὼς…ὅτι ἤδη πάντα τετέλεσται', '1', 'knowing that everything was now completed', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “he knew that he had done everything that God had sent him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '29', 'x1cy', 'figs-activepassive', 'σκεῦος ἔκειτο ὄξους μεστόν', '1', 'A container full of sour wine was placed there', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “Someone had placed there a full container of sour wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '29', 'drr1', '', 'προσήνεγκαν', '1', 'they put', 'The Roman guards did this.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '29', 'y2eg', '', 'σπόγγον', '1', 'a sponge', 'a small object that can soak up and hold much liquid']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '29', 'mg3t', '', 'ὑσσώπῳ', '1', 'on a hyssop staff', '“a branch of a plant called hyssop”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '30', 'vz56', 'figs-explicit', 'κλίνας τὴν κεφαλὴν, παρέδωκεν τὸ πνεῦμα', '1', 'He bowed his head and gave up his spirit', 'John implies here that Jesus gave **his spirit** back to God. Alternate translation: “he bowed his head and gave God his spirit” or “he bowed his head and died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '31', 'zuk9', 'figs-synecdoche', 'οἱ…Ἰουδαῖοι', '1', 'the Jews', 'Here, **the Jews** is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '31', 'c49h', '', 'παρασκευὴ', '1', 'day of preparation', 'This is the time before the Passover when people prepared food for the Passover.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '31', 'f96h', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἵνα κατεαγῶσιν αὐτῶν τὰ σκέλη, καὶ ἀρθῶσιν', '1', 'to break their legs and to remove them', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “to have someone break the legs of the executed men and take their bodies down from the crosses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '32', 'q2yq', 'figs-activepassive', 'τοῦ ἄλλου τοῦ συνσταυρωθέντος αὐτῷ', '1', 'who had been crucified with Jesus', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “of the other man whom they had crucified near Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '35', 'p17b', 'writing-background', 'ὁ ἑωρακὼς', '1', 'The one who saw this', 'This sentence gives background information to the story. John is telling readers that he was there and that we can trust what he has written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '35', 'fl82', 'figs-explicit', 'μεμαρτύρηκεν, καὶ ἀληθινὴ αὐτοῦ ἐστιν ἡ μαρτυρία', '1', 'has testified, and his testimony is true', 'To “testify” means to tell about something that one has seen. Alternate translation: “has told the truth about what he has seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '35', 'c9q7', 'figs-explicit', 'ἵνα καὶ ὑμεῖς πιστεύητε', '1', 'so that you would also believe', 'Here, **believe** means to put one’s trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: “so that you will also put your trust in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '36', 'wid6', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'In these verses there is a break from the main story line as John tells us about how these events have made Scripture come true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '36', 'qwl5', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἵνα ἡ Γραφὴ πληρωθῇ', '1', 'in order to fulfill scripture', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “to fulfill the words that someone wrote in the scripture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '36', 'b1kx', 'figs-activepassive', 'ὀστοῦν οὐ συντριβήσεται αὐτοῦ', '1', 'Not one of his bones will be broken', 'This is a quotation from Psalm 34. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “No one will break any of his bones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '37', 'h4kq', '', 'ὄψονται εἰς ὃν ἐξεκέντησαν', '1', 'They will look at him whom they pierced', 'This is a quotation from Zechariah 12.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '38', 'd3hz', 'translate-names', 'Ἰωσὴφ ὁ ἀπὸ Ἁριμαθαίας', '1', 'Joseph of Arimathea', '**Arimathea** was a small town in Judea. Alternate translation: “Joseph from the town of Arimathea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '38', 'h7ra', 'figs-synecdoche', 'διὰ τὸν φόβον τῶν Ἰουδαίων', '1', 'for fear of the Jews', 'Here, **the Jews** is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “for fear of the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '38', 't22g', 'figs-explicit', 'ἵνα ἄρῃ τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ', '1', 'if he could take away the body of Jesus', 'John implies that Joseph of Arimathea wants to bury the body of Jesus. Alternate translation: “for permission to take the body of Jesus down from the cross to bury it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '39', 'mjy8', '', 'Νικόδημος', '1', 'Nicodemus', '**Nicodemus** was one of the Pharisees who believed in Jesus. See how you translated this name in [John 3:1](../03/01.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '39', 'd3d2', '', 'σμύρνης καὶ ἀλόης', '1', 'myrrh and aloes', 'These are spices that people use to prepare a body for burial.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '39', 'xks9', 'translate-bweight', 'ὡς λίτρας ἑκατόν', '1', 'about one hundred litras in weight', 'You may convert this to a modern measure. A “litra” is about one third of a kilogram. Alternate translation: “about 33 kilograms in weight” or “weighing about thirty-three kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '41', 'fb25', 'writing-background', 'ἦν δὲ ἐν τῷ τόπῳ ὅπου ἐσταυρώθη κῆπος, καὶ ἐν τῷ κήπῳ μνημεῖον καινόν, ἐν ᾧ οὐδέπω οὐδεὶς ἦν τεθειμένος', '1', 'Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden … had yet been buried', 'Here John marks a break in the story line in order to provide background information about the location of the tomb where they would bury Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '41', 'uib1', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἦν δὲ ἐν τῷ τόπῳ ὅπου ἐσταυρώθη κῆπος', '1', 'Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “Now in the place where they crucified Jesus there was a garden” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '41', 'qd1a', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἐν ᾧ οὐδέπω οὐδεὶς ἦν τεθειμένος', '1', 'in which no person had yet been buried', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “in which people had not yet buried anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '19', '42', 'nr4r', 'figs-explicit', 'διὰ τὴν παρασκευὴν τῶν Ἰουδαίων', '1', 'Because it was the day of preparation for the Jews', 'According to Jewish law, no one could work after sundown on Friday. It was the beginning of the Sabbath and Passover. Alternate translation: “since the Passover was about to begin that evening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', 'intro', 'nm1y', '', '', '0', '', '# John 20 General Notes

## Special concepts in this chapter

### The tomb

The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([John 20:1](../../jhn/20/01.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.

### “Receive the Holy Spirit”

If your language uses the same word for “breath” and “spirit,” be sure that the reader understands that Jesus was performing a symbolic action by breathing, and that what the disciples received was the Holy Spirit, not Jesus’ breath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### Rabboni

John used Greek letters to describe the sound of the word, and then he explained that it means “Teacher.” You should do the same, using the letters of your language.

### Jesus’ resurrection body

No one is sure what Jesus’ body looked like after he became alive again. His disciples knew it was Jesus because they could see his face and touch the places where the soldiers had put the nails through his hands and feet, But he could also walk through solid walls and doors. It is best not to try to say more than what the ULT says.

### Two angels in white

Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing with the women at Jesus’ tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels were in human form. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULT without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../../jhn/20/12.md))']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '1', 'k5pq', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'This is the third day after Jesus was buried.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '1', 'a8vl', '', 'τῇ…μιᾷ τῶν σαββάτων', '1', 'first day of the week', '“on Sunday”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '1', 'bdw5', 'figs-activepassive', 'βλέπει τὸν λίθον ἠρμένον', '1', 'she saw the stone rolled away', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “she saw that someone had rolled away the stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '2', 'g2rn', '', 'μαθητὴν ὃν ἐφίλει ὁ Ἰησοῦς', '1', 'disciple whom Jesus loved', 'This phrase appears to be the way that John refers to himself throughout his book. Here the word “love” refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '2', 'xd3w', 'figs-explicit', 'ἦραν τὸν Κύριον ἐκ τοῦ μνημείου', '1', 'They took away the Lord out from the tomb', 'Mary Magdalene thinks that someone has stolen the Lord’s body. Alternate translation: “Someone has taken the Lord’s body out of the tomb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '3', 'd6g3', '', 'ὁ ἄλλος μαθητής', '1', 'the other disciple', 'John apparently shows his humility by referring to himself here as **the other disciple**, rather than including his name.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '5', 'm9qn', '', 'ὀθόνια', '1', 'linen cloths', 'These were the burial cloths that people had used to wrap the body of Jesus.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '6', 'ys3b', '', 'ὀθόνια', '1', 'linen cloths', 'These were the burial cloths that people had used to wrap the body of Jesus. See how you translated this in [John 20:5](../20/05.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '7', 'qt5a', 'figs-activepassive', 'τὸ σουδάριον, ὃ ἦν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ', '1', 'cloth that had been on his head', 'Here, **his head** refers to “Jesus’ head.” You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “the cloth that someone had used to cover Jesus’ face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '7', 'yc78', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἀλλὰ χωρὶς ἐντετυλιγμένον εἰς ἕνα τόπον', '1', 'but was folded up in a place by itself', 'You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “but someone had folded it and put it aside, separate from the linen cloths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '8', 'vl84', '', 'ὁ ἄλλος μαθητὴς', '1', 'the other disciple', 'John apparently expresses his humility by referring to himself as “the other disciple,” rather than including his name in this book.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '8', 'ww3z', 'figs-explicit', 'εἶδεν καὶ ἐπίστευσεν', '1', 'he saw and believed', 'When John **saw** that the tomb was empty, he **believed** that Jesus had risen from the dead. Alternate translation: “he saw these things and began to believe that Jesus had risen from the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '9', 'ms3s', 'figs-explicit', 'οὐδέπω…ᾔδεισαν τὴν Γραφὴν', '1', 'they still did not know the scripture', 'Here the word **they** refers to the disciples who did not **understand the scripture** that said Jesus would rise again. Alternate translation: “the disciples still did not understand the scripture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '9', 'u5q9', '', 'ἀναστῆναι', '1', 'rise', 'become alive again']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '9', 'p651', '', 'ἐκ νεκρῶν', '1', 'from the dead', 'From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '10', 'p5um', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀπῆλθον…πάλιν πρὸς αὑτοὺς', '1', 'went back home again', 'The disciples continued to stay in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “went back to where they were staying in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '12', 'p9aw', 'figs-explicit', 'θεωρεῖ δύο ἀγγέλους ἐν λευκοῖς', '1', 'She saw two angels in white', 'The angels were wearing **white** clothing. Alternate translation: “she saw two angels dressed in white clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '13', 'v5uj', '', 'λέγουσιν αὐτῇ ἐκεῖνοι', '1', 'They said to her', '“they asked her”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '13', 'hmx8', '', 'ὅτι ἦραν τὸν Κύριόν μου', '1', 'Because they took away my Lord', '“Because they took away the body of my Lord”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '13', 'aq3x', '', 'οὐκ οἶδα ποῦ ἔθηκαν αὐτόν', '1', 'I do not know where they have put him', '“I do not know where they have put his body”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '15', 'le9x', '', 'λέγει αὐτῇ Ἰησοῦς', '1', 'Jesus said to her', '“Jesus asked her”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '15', 'ml7c', 'figs-explicit', 'κύριε, εἰ σὺ ἐβάστασας αὐτόν', '1', 'Sir, if you have taken him away', 'Here the word **him** refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “if you have taken away the body of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '15', 'z97i', '', 'εἰπέ μοι ποῦ ἔθηκας αὐτόν', '1', 'tell me where you have put him', '“tell me where you have put his body”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '15', 'a5z2', 'figs-explicit', 'κἀγὼ αὐτὸν ἀρῶ', '1', 'I will take him away', 'Mary Magdalene wants to get Jesus’ body and bury it again. Alternate translation: “I will get the body and bury it again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '16', 'k468', '', 'Ραββουνεί', '1', 'Rabboni', 'The word **Rabboni** means rabbi or teacher in Aramaic, the language that Jesus and his disciples spoke.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '17', 'whh9', '', 'τοὺς ἀδελφούς', '1', 'brothers', 'Jesus used the word **brothers** to refer to his disciples.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '17', 'xbr1', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀναβαίνω πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα μου, καὶ Πατέρα ὑμῶν, καὶ Θεόν μου, καὶ Θεὸν ὑμῶν', '1', 'I will go up to my Father and your Father, and my God and your God', 'Jesus rose from the dead and then predicted he would go up into heaven, back to his Father, who is God. Alternate translation: “I am about to return to heaven to be with my Father and your Father, to the one who is my God and your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '17', 'q3x5', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'τὸν Πατέρα μου, καὶ Πατέρα ὑμῶν', '1', 'my Father and your Father', 'These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God, and between believers and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '18', 'm6xn', 'figs-explicit', 'ἔρχεται Μαριὰμ ἡ Μαγδαληνὴ ἀγγέλλουσα τοῖς μαθηταῖς', '1', 'Mary Magdalene came and told the disciples', '**Mary Magdalene** went to where the disciples were staying and told them what she had seen and heard. Alternate translation: “Mary Magdalene went to where the disciples were and told them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '19', 'm5nt', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'It is now evening and Jesus appears to the disciples.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '19', 'qj6n', '', 'ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ τῇ μιᾷ σαββάτων', '1', 'that day, the first day of the week', 'This refers to Sunday.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '19', 'e7cb', 'figs-activepassive', 'τῶν θυρῶν κεκλεισμένων ὅπου ἦσαν οἱ μαθηταὶ', '1', 'the doors of where the disciples were, were closed', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “the disciples had locked the doors where they were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '19', 'g8bu', 'figs-explicit', 'διὰ τὸν φόβον τῶν Ἰουδαίων', '1', 'for fear of the Jews', 'Here, **the Jews** is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who might arrest the disciples. Alternate translation: “because they were afraid that the Jewish leaders might arrest them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '19', 'zj7j', '', 'εἰρήνη ὑμῖν', '1', 'Peace to you', 'This is a common greeting that means “May God give you peace.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '20', 'bk9f', 'figs-explicit', 'ἔδειξεν τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τὴν πλευρὰν αὐτοῖς', '1', 'he showed them his hands and his side', 'Jesus showed the disciples his wounds. Alternate translation: “he showed them the wounds in his hands and his side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '21', 'ylp8', '', 'εἰρήνη ὑμῖν', '1', 'Peace to you', 'This is a common greeting that means “May God give you peace.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '21', 'env3', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Πατήρ', '1', 'Father', '**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '23', 'a9j7', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἀφέωνται αὐτοῖς', '1', 'they are forgiven', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “God will forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '23', 'lb7g', '', 'ἄν τινων κρατῆτε', '1', 'whoever’s sins you keep back', '“if you do not forgive another’s sins”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '23', 'mw5s', 'figs-activepassive', 'κεκράτηνται', '1', 'they are kept back', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “God will not forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '24', 'x8jz', 'translate-names', 'Δίδυμος', '1', 'Didymus', '**Didymus** is a male name that means “twin.” See how this name is translated in [John 11:15](../11/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '25', 'n8vc', '', 'ἔλεγον…αὐτῷ οἱ ἄλλοι μαθηταί', '1', 'disciples later said to him', 'The word **him** refers to Thomas.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '25', 'i7ex', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'ἐὰν μὴ ἴδω ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτοῦ τὸν τύπον τῶν ἥλων, καὶ βάλω τὸν δάκτυλόν μου εἰς τὸν τύπον τῶν ἥλων, καὶ βάλω μου τὴν χεῖρα εἰς τὴν πλευρὰν αὐτοῦ, οὐ μὴ πιστεύσω', '1', 'Unless I see … his side, I will not believe', 'You can translate this double negative in a positive form. Alternate translation: “I will believe only if I see in his hands the mark of the nails, and put my finger into the mark of the nails, and put my hand into his side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '25', 'ss17', '', 'ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτοῦ…εἰς τὴν πλευρὰν αὐτοῦ', '1', 'in his hands … into his side', 'The word **his** refers to Jesus.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '26', 'vzm5', '', 'οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ', '1', 'his disciples', 'The word **his** refers to Jesus.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '26', 'r3iz', 'figs-activepassive', 'τῶν θυρῶν κεκλεισμένων', '1', 'while the doors were closed', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “when they had locked the doors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '26', 'm5tl', '', 'εἰρήνη ὑμῖν', '1', 'Peace to you', 'This is a common greeting that means “May God give you peace.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '27', 'ncc3', 'figs-doublenegatives', 'μὴ γίνου ἄπιστος, ἀλλὰ πιστός', '1', 'Do not be unbelieving, but believe', 'Jesus uses the double negative “Do not be unbelieving” to emphasize the words that follow, “but believe.” If your language does not allow double negatives or the reader would not understand that Jesus is emphasizing the words that follow, you can leave these words untranslated. Alternate translation: “this is what is most important for you to do: you must believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '27', 'n4pi', 'figs-explicit', 'πιστός', '1', 'believe', 'Here, “believe” means to trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: “put your trust in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '29', 'q81m', 'figs-explicit', 'πεπίστευκας', '1', 'you have believed', 'Thomas believes that Jesus is alive because he has seen him. Alternate translation: “you have believed that I am alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '29', 'zgv1', '', 'μακάριοι οἱ', '1', 'Blessed are those', 'This means “God gives great happiness to those.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '29', 'q9fb', 'figs-explicit', 'μὴ ἰδόντες', '1', 'who have not seen', 'This means those who have not seen Jesus. Alternate translation: “who have not seen me alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '30', 'yd1j', 'writing-endofstory', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'As the story is nearing the end, the author comments about the many things Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '30', 'azxu', '', 'σημεῖα', '1', '', 'See how you translated this term in [2:11](../02/11.md). See also the discussion of **signs** in Part 3 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of John. Alternate translation: “significant miracles”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '30', 'xz6j', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἃ οὐκ ἔστιν γεγραμμένα ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τούτῳ', '1', 'signs that have not been written in this book', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “signs that the author did not write about in this book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '31', 'am9l', 'figs-activepassive', 'ταῦτα δὲ γέγραπται', '1', 'but these have been written', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “but the author wrote about these signs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '31', 'p5k4', 'guidelines-sonofgodprinciples', 'Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ', '1', 'Son of God', '**Son of God** is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '31', 'uem2', 'figs-metonymy', 'ζωὴν…ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ', '1', 'life in his name', 'Here, **life** is a metonym that means Jesus gives life. Alternate translation: “you may have life because of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '20', '31', 'ip1i', '', 'ζωὴν', '1', 'life', 'This here refers to spiritual life.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', 'intro', 'e1bg', '', '', '0', '', '# John 21 General Notes

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### The metaphor of sheep

Before Jesus died, he spoke of himself taking care of his people as if he were a good shepherd taking care of sheep ([John 10:11](../../jhn/10/11.md)). After he became alive again, he told Peter that Peter would be the one who took care of Jesus’ sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '1', 'et5h', 'writing-background', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jesus shows himself again to the disciples at the Sea of Tiberias. Verses 2 and 3 tell us what happens in the story before Jesus appears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '1', 'yj6k', '', 'μετὰ ταῦτα', '1', 'After these things', '“Some time later”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '2', 'b421', 'figs-activepassive', 'καὶ Θωμᾶς ὁ λεγόμενος Δίδυμος', '1', 'with Thomas called Didymus', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “with Thomas whom we called Didymus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '2', 'm4gx', 'translate-names', 'Δίδυμος', '1', 'Didymus', '**Didymus** is a male name that means “twin.” See how this name is translated in [John 11:15](../11/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '5', 'wgd7', '', 'παιδία', '1', 'Young men', 'This is a term of endearment that means “My dear friends.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '6', 'l2jd', 'figs-explicit', 'εὑρήσετε', '1', 'you will find some', 'Here, **some** refers to fish. Alternate translation: “you will catch some fish in your net” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '6', 'p8he', '', 'αὐτὸ ἑλκύσαι', '1', 'draw it in', '“to pull the net in”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '7', 'u5c3', '', 'ἠγάπα', '1', 'loved', 'This is love that comes from God and is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '7', 'h3p4', '', 'τὸν ἐπενδύτην διεζώσατο', '1', 'he tied up his outer garment', '“he secured his outer garment around him” or “he put on his tunic”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '7', 'eve2', 'writing-background', 'ἦν γὰρ γυμνός', '1', 'for he was undressed', 'This is background information. Peter had taken off some of his clothes to make it easier to work, but now that he was about to greet the Lord, he wanted to wear more clothing. Alternate translation: “for he had taken off some of his clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '7', 'ab4d', 'figs-explicit', 'ἔβαλεν ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν', '1', 'threw himself into the sea', 'Peter jumped into the water and swam to shore. Alternate translation: “jumped into the sea and swam to shore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '7', 'k449', 'figs-idiom', 'ἔβαλεν ἑαυτὸν', '1', 'threw himself', 'This is a idiom that means Peter jumped into the water very quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '8', 'wrd3', 'writing-background', 'οὐ γὰρ ἦσαν μακρὰν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, ἀλλὰ ὡς ἀπὸ πηχῶν διακοσίων', '1', 'for they were not far from the land, about two hundred cubits off', 'This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '8', 'c1j8', 'translate-bdistance', 'πηχῶν διακοσίων', '1', 'two hundred cubits', '“90 meters.” A **cubit** was a little less than half a meter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '11', 'f7mi', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀνέβη οὖν Σίμων Πέτρος', '1', 'Simon Peter then went up', 'Here, **went up** means Simon Peter had to go back to the boat. Alternate translation: “So Simon Peter went back to the boat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '14', 'tp3i', 'translate-ordinal', 'τρίτον', '1', 'the third time', 'You can translate this ordinal term “third” as “time number 3.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '15', 'm1bh', '', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'Jesus begins to have a conversation with Simon Peter.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '15', 't1uj', '', 'ἀγαπᾷς με', '1', 'do you love me', 'Here, **love** refers the type of love that comes from God, which focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '15', 'l4h1', '', 'σὺ οἶδας ὅτι φιλῶ σε', '1', 'you know that I love you', 'When Peter answers, he uses the word for **love** that refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '15', 'qja3', 'figs-metaphor', 'βόσκε τὰ ἀρνία μου', '1', 'Feed my lambs', 'Here, **lambs** is a metaphor for those persons who love Jesus and follow him. Alternate translation: “Feed the people I care for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '16', 'szk8', '', 'ἀγαπᾷς με', '1', 'do you love me', 'Here, **love** refers the type of love that comes from God, which focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '16', 'vk16', 'figs-metaphor', 'ποίμαινε τὰ πρόβατά μου', '1', 'Take care of my sheep', 'Here, **sheep** is a metaphor for those who love and follow Jesus. Alternate translation: “Care for the people I care for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '17', 'fj84', 'translate-ordinal', 'λέγει αὐτῷ τὸ τρίτον', '1', 'He said to him a third time', 'The pronoun **He** refers to Jesus. Here, **the third time** means “time number 3.” Alternate translation: “Jesus said to him a third time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '17', 'kz3h', '', 'φιλεῖς με', '1', 'do you love me', 'This time when Jesus asks this question he uses the word for **love** that refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '17', 'p8aa', 'figs-metaphor', 'βόσκε τὰ προβάτια μου', '1', 'Feed my sheep', 'Here, **sheep** is a metaphor that represents those who belong to Jesus and follow him. Alternate translation: “Care for the people I care for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '18', 'sqb7', 'figs-doublet', 'ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω σοι', '1', 'Truly, truly', 'Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. See how you translated this is in [1:51](../01/51.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '19', 'ys3m', 'writing-background', 'δὲ', '1', 'Now', 'John uses this word to show he is giving background information before he continues the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '19', 'hf2r', 'figs-explicit', 'σημαίνων ποίῳ θανάτῳ δοξάσει τὸν Θεόν', '1', 'to indicate with what kind of death Peter would glorify God', 'Here John implies that Peter would die on a cross. Alternate translation: “to indicate that Peter would die on a cross to honor God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '19', 'k8z1', 'figs-explicit', 'ἀκολούθει μοι', '1', 'Follow me', 'Here the word **Follow** means “to be a disciple.” Alternate translation: “Keep on being my disciple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '20', 'wzm9', '', 'τὸν μαθητὴν ὃν ἠγάπα ὁ Ἰησοῦς', '1', 'the disciple whom Jesus loved', 'John refers to himself in this way throughout the book, rather than mentioning his name.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '20', 'ikd4', '', 'ἠγάπα', '1', 'loved', 'This is the kind of love that comes from God and always desires the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '20', 'ys31', '', 'ἐν τῷ δείπνῳ', '1', 'at the dinner', 'This is a reference to the Last Supper ([John 13](../13/01.md)).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '21', 'u5rr', '', 'τοῦτον…ἰδὼν, ὁ Πέτρος', '1', 'Peter saw him', 'Here, **him** refers to “the disciple whom Jesus loved.”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '21', 'cf5h', 'figs-explicit', 'Κύριε, οὗτος δὲ τί', '1', 'Lord, what will this man do?', 'Peter wants to know what will happen to John. Alternate translation: “Lord, what will happen to this man?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '22', 'yc52', '', 'λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς', '1', 'Jesus said to him', '“Jesus said to Peter”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '22', 'e3xi', '', 'ἐὰν αὐτὸν θέλω μένειν', '1', 'If I want him to stay', 'Here, **him** refers to John, the “disciple whom Jesus loved” in [John 21:20](../21/20.md).']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '22', 'tef8', '', 'ἔρχομαι', '1', 'I come', 'This refers to Jesus’ second coming, his return to earth from heaven.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '22', 'tf23', 'figs-rquestion', 'τί πρὸς σέ?', '1', 'what is that to you?', 'This remark appears in the form of a question to express a mild rebuke. Alternate translation: “that is not your concern.” or “you should not be concerned about that.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '23', 'c2cr', '', 'εἰς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς', '1', 'among the brothers', 'Here, **the brothers** refers to all the followers of Jesus.']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '24', 's5bp', 'writing-endofstory', '', '0', 'General Information:', 'This is the end of the Gospel of John. Here the author, the Apostle John, gives a closing comment about himself and what he has written in this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '24', 'd6t5', '', 'ὁ μαθητὴς', '1', 'the disciple', '“the disciple John”']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '24', 'f7ww', 'figs-explicit', 'ὁ μαρτυρῶν περὶ τούτων', '1', 'who testifies about these things', 'Here, **testifies** means that he personally sees something. Alternate translation: “who has seen all these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '24', 'h5i9', 'figs-explicit', 'οἴδαμεν', '1', 'we know', 'Here, **we** refers to those who trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: “we who trust in Jesus know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '25', 'l3hz', 'figs-activepassive', 'ἐὰν γράφηται καθ’ ἕν', '1', 'If each one were written down', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “if someone wrote down all of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '25', 'i9n8', 'figs-hyperbole', 'οὐδ’ αὐτὸν…τὸν κόσμον χωρήσειν τὰ…βιβλία', '1', 'even the world itself could not contain the books', 'John exaggerates to emphasize that Jesus did many more miracles than what people could write about in many books. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])']

BAD SOURCE LINE NOT CONVERTED: ['JHN', '21', '25', 'xn87', 'figs-activepassive', 'τὰ γραφόμενα βιβλία', '1', 'the books that would be written', 'You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “the books that people could write about what he did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])']