Ezekiel

Ezekiel front

Ezekiel front:intro

Introduction to Ezekiel

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of Ezekiel

Yahweh calls Ezekiel to speak his words (1:1–3:27)
Yahweh judges Judah and Jerusalem (4:1-24:27)
Ezekiel prophesies against nearby nations (25:1–32:32)
Yahweh explains the fall of Jerusalem (33:1–33)
Ezekiel brings messages of hope (34:1–48:35)
- A new shepherd (34:1–31)
- Edom destroyed (35:1–15)
- Israel restored (36:1–37:28)
- Gog and Magog (38:1–39:29)
- Jerusalem and the temple restored (40:1–48:35)

What is Ezekiel about?

The Book of Ezekiel contains words that Ezekiel prophesied between 592 B.C. and 573 B.C. The Jewish people were exiled in Babylonia. Ezekiel told them that God had punished them because they sinned against him. However, Ezekiel assured them that God would restore them. God was using Babylon to punish them. But eventually another nation would defeat the Babylonians. Ezekiel also prophesied about how God will restore Jerusalem and the temple so that the people can worship and sacrifice to him again. Ezekiel then described how the land will be divided again among the tribes of Israel.

How should the title of this book be translated?

"Ezekiel" or "The Book of Ezekiel" is the traditional name for this book. Translators may also call it "The Messages from God Brought by Ezekiel." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Who wrote the Book of Ezekiel?

Ezekiel wrote the prophecies in the Book of Ezekiel. He was a prophet and priest who lived near Babylon in the time of the exile.

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

What was Ezekiel's temple?

Several chapters of the Book of Ezekiel give instructions about building a new temple. However, this temple is not the same as the temple the people would build after going back to Jerusalem. Because Ezekiel's temple has never been built, some scholars think that this temple is to be built in the future. Other scholars think that Ezekiel's temple is symbolic of the Church.

Do the sacrifices in Ezekiel follow the law of Moses?

The sacrifices in Ezekiel 46 are somewhat different than the required sacrifices in Numbers 28. This may be because Ezekiel prophesied about a new temple with new sacrifices.

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

How should one represent Ezekiel's visions in translation?

The Book of Ezekiel has many complicated visions. Some are similar to passages in other Scripture books that describe future events. Some of these visions are about God rescuing Israel in the distant future. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting/01.md]])

It is unclear whether Ezekiel actually traveled to the particular places named in the visions, or whether what he described were mental ideas. For this reason, Ezekiel's viewpoint is sometimes difficult to understand, even though the meanings of the visions may be clear.

Translators should avoid trying to explain these visions in their translations. Instead, they should present the visions just as they are in the source text.

What does "and you will know that I am Yahweh" mean?

This is a common phrase in the Book of Ezekiel. It is meant to assure the reader that these messages truly came from God, and that he will do what he has promised. The translator may also use the phrase "and you will understand that I am Yahweh and what I say will happen." The UDB translates it as "then you will know that I, Yahweh, have the power to do what I say that I will do."

Ezekiel 1

Ezekiel 1:intro-0

Ezekiel 01 General Notes

Structure and formatting

# Ezekiel's call

Ezekiel had a vision of God calling him to prophetic ministry. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/call.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/prophet.md]])

Ezekiel 1:1

In the thirtieth year

This is the thirtieth year of Ezekiel's life. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

the fourth month, and the fifth day of the month

"the fifth day of the fourth month." This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is around the end of June on Western calendars. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-hebrewmonths/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

it came about that

This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.

I was living among the captives

The word "I" refers to Ezekiel. "I was one of the captives"

I saw visions of God

"God showed me unusual things"

the Kebar Canal

This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. "the Kebar River"

Ezekiel 1:2

General Information:

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Ezekiel 1:3

to Ezekiel ... upon him there

Ezekiel speaks of himself as if he were another person. Alternate translation: "to me, Ezekiel ... upon me there" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-pronouns/01.md]])

the word of Yahweh came to Ezekiel

The idiom "the word of Yahweh came to" is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message to Ezekiel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Buzi

This is a man's name. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

the hand of Yahweh was upon him

The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. A person with his hand on another person has power over that other person. Alternate translation: "Yahweh was controlling him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Yahweh

This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.

Ezekiel 1:4

Connecting Statement:

Ezekiel continues to describe his vision.

a windstorm

This is a storm that has a lot of wind.

coming from the north

North is the direction to your left when you look toward the sun while it is rising.

a great cloud with fire flashing within it

This can be translated as a new sentence: "The storm had a very large cloud with fire flashing in it"

fire flashing

Possible meanings are 1) "flashing lightning" or 2) "constant lightning."

brightness surrounding it and inside of it

"a very bright light was around the cloud and inside of it"

the color of amber

"bright yellow like amber" or "bright yellow" or "glowing yellow"

amber

a hard yellow resin that is used as a beautiful decoration on jewelry

Ezekiel 1:5

In the middle

"Inside the storm"

the likeness of four living creatures

Here the abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "what looked like four living creatures" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

This was their appearance

The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "This is what they looked like" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

They had the likeness of a man

The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "The four creatures looked like people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 1:6

but they had four faces each, and each of the creatures had four wings

"but each of them had four different faces and four wings." Each creature had a face on the front, a face on the back, and a face on each side of its head.

Ezekiel 1:7

Connecting Statement:

Ezekiel continues to describe his vision.

but the soles of their feet were like the hooves of a calf

"but their feet looked like calf hooves" or "but their feet looked like the feet of calves"

hooves of a calf

the hard part of a calf's foot

that shone like polished bronze

"that were shiny like bronze that has been polished." This describes the feet of the creatures. Alternate translation: "and they shone like polished bronze" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Ezekiel 1:8

on all four sides

"on all four sides of their bodies"

For all four, their faces and wings were like this

"For all four of the creatures, their wings and their faces were like this"

Ezekiel 1:9

they did not turn as they went

"the creatures did not turn as they moved"

Ezekiel 1:10

Connecting Statement:

Ezekiel continues to describe his vision.

The likeness of their faces was like the face of a man

Ezekiel is describing the faces of the creatures on their front side. The abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man's face. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "The face of each creature looked like the face of a man" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

The four of them had the face of a lion to the right side

"The face on the right side of each one's head looked like the face of a lion"

the four of them had the face of an ox on the left side

"the face on the left side of the head of each one looked like the face of an ox"

They four had also the face of an eagle

"The face on the back of the head of each one looked like the face of an eagle"

Ezekiel 1:11

their wings were spread out above, so that each creature had a pair of wings that touched another creature's wing

"each creature held up two of his wings so that one wing touched the wing of the creature on one side of him, and the other wing touched the wing of the creature on the other side of him"

and also a pair of wings that covered their bodies

This can be translated as a new sentence: "The other two wings of each creature covered its body"

Ezekiel 1:12

Each went straight forward

"Each creature moved with a face looking forward"

Ezekiel 1:13

Connecting Statement:

Ezekiel continues to describe his vision.

As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like burning coals

Here the abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. Both "likeness" and "appearance" are abstract nouns that can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: "As for what the living creatures looked like, they were similar to burning coals" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

there were flashes of lightning

"lightning came out from the fire."

Ezekiel 1:14

The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they had the appearance of lightning

Lightning flashes and then disappears quickly, and the creatures moved from one place to another quickly. The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they looked like lightning" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 1:15

Connecting Statement:

Ezekiel continues to tell about his vision.

Ezekiel 1:16

This was the appearance and structure of the wheels

"This is what the wheels looked like and how they were made"

like beryl

Beryl is a kind of clear, valuable stone, often of yellow or golden color. "clear and yellow like a beryl stone" or "clear and yellow like a precious stone"

the four had the same likeness

Here the abstract noun "likeness" refers to what the four wheels looked like. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "all four of the wheels looked the same" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

their appearance and structure was like a wheel intersecting another wheel

The abstract nouns "appearance" and "structure" can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: "they appeared to be made with one wheel going through another wheel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 1:17

Connecting Statement:

Ezekiel continues to describe his vision.

they went in any of their four directions

Possible meanings are 1) "their" refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: "they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards" or 2) "their" refers to the wheels.

Ezekiel 1:18

As for their rims

"This is what the rims of the wheels looked like"

they were high and fearsome

"the rims were very tall and awe-inspiring" or "the rims where tall and frightening"

for the rims were full of eyes round about

"because the rims had very many eyes around all four of the wheels"

Ezekiel 1:19

When the living creatures rose up from the earth

The creatures were flying in the air after they left the ground. Alternate translation: "So when the creatures left the ground and went up into the air" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the wheels also rose up

"the wheels also left the ground and went into the air"

Ezekiel 1:20

Wherever the Spirit would go, they went

The word "they" refers to the creatures.

the wheels rose up beside them

"the wheels went up into the air with the living creatures"

the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels

Possible meanings are 1) Ezekiel is speaking of the "creatures" of verse 19 as if they were one creature. Alternate translation: "the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels" or 2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. Alternate translation: "the spirit of life was in the wheels" or "the living spirit was in the wheels" or 3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. Alternate translation: "the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 1:21

General Information:

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Ezekiel 1:22

the likeness of an expansive dome

Here the abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like "an expansive dome." The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "what looked like an expansive dome" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

an expansive dome

A dome looks like a hollow ball that is cut in half. "Expansive" means very large. "a huge upside-down bowl"

awe-inspiring crystal

"awe-inspiring ice" or "crystal that makes people marvel when they look at it"

stretched out over their heads above

"and the expansive dome was spread out above the heads of the creatures" or "and the expansive dome took up a lot of space over the heads of the creatures"

Ezekiel 1:23

Beneath the dome

"under the dome"

Each of the living creatures also had a pair to cover themselves; each had a pair to cover his own body

"Each of the living creatures also had two other wings, which they used to cover their bodies"

Ezekiel 1:24

General Information:

Ezekiel continues to tell about his vision of the living creatures.

Then I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of many waters. Like the voice of the Almighty whenever they moved. Like

Other possible meanings are that the words "whenever they moved" refer to 1) all the words before them in this verse, "Whenever they moved, I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Like" or 2) to the words that follow, "wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Whenever they moved, it sounded like."

Like ... waters. Like ... moved. Like ... rainstorm. Like ... army.

These sentences are not complete because Ezekiel was showing that he was excited about what he saw. They can be translated as complete sentences: "The wings sounded like ... water. They sounded like ... moved. They sounded like ... rainstorm. They sounded like ... army." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

many waters

This simply means "a lot of water." It could refer to a loud river or a large waterfall or the waves crashing at the ocean. All of these are very loud.

Like the voice of the Almighty

The Bible sometimes refers to thunder as "the voice of the Almighty." Alternate translation: "It sounded like the voice of the Almighty God" or "It sounded like the thunder of the Almighty" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Like the sound of a rainstorm

Possible meanings are: 1) "Like the sound of very big storm" or 2) "Like the sound of a very large crowd of people" Alternate translation: "There was a sound that was loud like a big storm" or "There was a sound that was loud like a very large crowd of people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Whenever they stood still

"Whenever the creatures stopped moving"

they lowered their wings

"the creatures let their wings hang down by their sides." They did this when they were not using their wings to fly.

Ezekiel 1:25

A voice came from above the dome

"Someone who was above the dome spoke." If you need to tell whose voice this is, you should probably identify it as the voice of Yahweh (Ezekiel 1:3).

the dome over their heads

"the dome that was over the heads of the creatures"

the dome

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 1:23.

Ezekiel 1:26

over their heads

"over the heads of the living creatures"

was the likeness of a throne

Here the abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a throne. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "was something that looked like a throne" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

sapphire

a very valuable stone that is clear blue and very shiny

on the likeness of the throne was

The abstract noun "likeness" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "on what looked like a throne there was" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

a likeness like the appearance of a man

The abstract nouns "likeness" and "appearance" can be translated with verbal phrases. If you need to tell who this is, you should probably identify him as Yahweh (Ezekiel 1:3). Alternate translation: "something that looked similar to what appeared to be a man" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 1:27

General Information:

Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision.

from the appearance of his hips up

The person's body above the hips looked like glowing metal that had fire in it. The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "from what appeared to be his hips up" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

from the appearance of his hips downward the appearance of fire and brightness all around

The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "all around him below what appeared to be his hips, I saw what looked like fire and a bright light" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 1:28

Like the appearance of a rainbow in the clouds on a rainy day was the appearance of the bright light surrounding it

The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "The brightness surrounding it appeared to be like the way a rainbow appears in the clouds on a rainy day" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

rainbow

the colorful strip of light that appears in the rain when the sun shines from behind the viewer

It was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of Yahweh

The abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like the glory of Yahweh. Both "appearance" and "likeness" can be translated as with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "It appeared to be what looked like the glory of Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

I fell on my face

"I bowed down to the ground" or "I lay on the ground." Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

I heard a voice speaking

The word "voice" is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: "I heard someone speaking" or "Someone spoke, and I heard his voice" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 2

Ezekiel 2:intro-0

Ezekiel 02 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Ezekiel's call continues in this chapter. God appointed Ezekiel to be a prophet but warned him that the people were very rebellious and would not listen to him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/call.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/appoint.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/prophet.md]])

Ezekiel 2:1

General Information:

Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw.

He said to me

If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the "one who looked like a man" (Ezekiel 1:26). It was not "the Spirit."

Son of man

"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human"

Ezekiel 2:2

the Spirit

Other possible meanings are 1) "a spirit" or 2) "a wind."

Ezekiel 2:3

up to this very day

"even now" or "even today." This means that the people of Israel were continuing to disobey God.

Ezekiel 2:4

General Information:

God continues to speak to Ezekiel.

Their descendants

the descendants of the past generations of Israel who had rebelled against God, referring to the people living in Israel at the time Ezekiel writes

have stubborn faces

"have expression on their faces that show that they are stubborn"

stubborn faces and hard hearts

The words "stubborn faces" refer to the way they act on the outside, and the words "hard hearts" refer to the way they think and feel. Together they emphasize that the people of Israel would not change how they lived in order to obey God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

stubborn

This describes a person who refuses to change what he thinks or what he is doing.

hard hearts

Rocks never change and become soft, and these people never change and become sorry when they do evil things. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 2:5

house

This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. Alternate translation: "people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

a prophet has been among them

"the one whom they have refused to listen to was a prophet"

Ezekiel 2:6

General Information:

God continues to speak to Ezekiel

son of man

"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:1. Alternate translation: "mortal person" or "human"

briers and thorns and ... scorpions

These words describe the people of Israel who will not treat Ezekiel kindly when he tells them what God says. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

briers and thorns

Briers are bushes with sharp points on the branches. The sharp points on the branches are called thorns.

scorpions

A scorpion is a small animal with two front claws, six legs, and a large tail with a poisonous stinger. Its sting is very painful.

Do not fear their words

"Do not be afraid of what they say."

be dismayed by their faces

The words "their faces" are a metonym for the message the people express with their faces. Alternate translation: "lose your desire to serve me because of the way they look at you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 2:7

General Information:

God continues to speak to Ezekiel.

are most rebellious

"are very rebellious" or "totally rebel against me"

Ezekiel 2:8

house

This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:5. Alternate translation: "people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 2:9

a hand was extended out to me

It was as if 1) a person in the heavens had extended his hand out toward Ezekiel and all Ezekiel could see was from the hand to the elbow or shoulder or 2) the "one who looked like a man" (Ezekiel 1:26) extended his hand.

a written scroll

"a scroll that had writing on it"

Ezekiel 2:10

He spread it out

The word "He" refers to the "one who looked like a man" (Ezekiel 1:26).

it had been written on both its front and back

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "someone had written on both its front and its back" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

written on it were lamentations, mourning, and woe

This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "lamentations," "mourning," and "woe." Alternate translation: "someone had written on it that these people would lament, be sad the way they would be if someone they loved had died, and have bad things happen to them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 3

Ezekiel 3:intro-0

Ezekiel 03 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Ezekiel's call concludes in this chapter. God told Ezekiel more about what he should say to the people and how he should say it. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/call.md]])

Ezekiel 3:1

General Information:

Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw.

He said to me

The word "He" refers to the "one who looked like a man" (Ezekiel 1:26).

Son of man

"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:1. Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human"

what you have found

This refers to the scroll that God was giving him (Ezekiel 2:9).

the house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. Alternate translation: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 3:2

that scroll

Many versions have "the scroll" or "this scroll."

Ezekiel 3:3

feed your belly and fill your stomach with this scroll

The word "belly" refers to the part of the body people can see from the outside. The word "stomach" refers to the internal organs inside the belly.

it was as sweet as honey

Honey tastes sweet, and the scroll tasted sweet.

Ezekiel 3:4

General Information:

Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw.

he said to me

If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the "one who looked like a man" (Ezekiel 1:26). It was not "the Spirit."

the house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 3:5

General Information:

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Ezekiel 3:6

of strange speech or a difficult language

"who speak a strange or difficult language"

not to many peoples of strange speech

"I am not sending you to a mighty nation whose people speak a strange language"

if I sent you to them, they would have listened to you

This is a situation that could have happened, but it did not. Yahweh did not send Ezekiel to people who did not understand his language. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md]])

if I sent you to them

The word "them" refers to a mighty nation other than Israel.

Ezekiel 3:7

strong browed and hard hearted

These mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "very rebellious" or "very stubborn" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

strong browed

This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "unwilling to change" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

hard hearted

This phrase suggests that the people resist God and are unwilling to obey him. The heart is used to describe the place in the body where a person decides what they want to do. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:4. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 3:8

General Information:

The Spirit of God continues speaking to Ezekiel.

Behold!

The word "Behold" here alerts Ezekiel to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.

I have made your face as hard as their faces

A hard face is a metaphor for being stubborn. Alternate translation: "I have made you as stubborn as they are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I have made ... your brow as hard as their brows

The "brow" is the forehead or eyebrow and is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: "I have made ... you strong so you will not stop doing what you are doing" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 3:9

I have made your brow like a diamond, harder than flint

"I have made your brow like the hardest stone, harder than flint"

flint

a stone that is hard enough to start a fire by hitting it with metal or another stone

house

Ezekiel 3:10

take them into your heart and hear them with your ears

Here "heart" represents a person's mind. Alternate translation: "remember them and listen carefully" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 3:11

Then go to the captives

The word "captives" refers to the people of Israel who were living in Babylon.

your people

"your people group." Ezekiel had lived in Judah before the Babylonians took him to Babylon.

Lord Yahweh

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:4.

Ezekiel 3:12

General Information:

Ezekiel continues telling about the vision he saw.

I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake: "Blessed be the glory of Yahweh from his place!"

Some versions take "Blessed ... place!" as a words that the "great earthquake" spoke: "I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake, which said, 'Blessed be the glory of Yahweh from his place!'" Others understand the sound of the earthquake as the sound of the glory of Yahweh leaving his place, "as the glory of Yahweh left its place, I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake."

the sound of a great earthquake

It is not clear if the sound came from an earthquake, from a voice that was loud like an earthquake, or from the wings and wheels. Alternate translation: "a sound like the sound of a great earthquake" or "a voice speaking; the voice sounded like a great earthquake" or "a loud rumbling noise"

the glory of Yahweh

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 1:28.

the sound of a great earthquake

"a loud, deep and powerful rumbling sound like the sound of an earthquake"

Ezekiel 3:13

General Information:

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Ezekiel 3:14

General Information:

Ezekiel seems to have been angry because Yahweh had sent him to speak to the Israelite exiles, thus rebelling against Yahweh himself. Though he was supposed to speak to them, he sat in silence for seven days, even though he could feel the anger of Yahweh "powerfully pressing on" him.

away, and I went with bitterness in my spirit's rage

The words "bitterness" and "rage" are types of anger. This can be stated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: "away. I was bitter and my spirit was full of anger" or "away. I was very bitter and angry"

bitterness

Ezekiel speaks of his anger at Yahweh as if there were a bad taste in his mouth because Yahweh had forced him to eat something that tasted bad. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

for the hand of Yahweh was powerfully pressing on me

Ezekiel speaks of being sad and tired because Yahweh had commanded him to do things he did not want to do as if Yahweh were pushing him down into the ground. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the hand of Yahweh

Possible meanings are 1) the word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. Alternate translation: "the power of Yahweh" or 2) Ezekiel knew that Yahweh was angry with him because he was not obeying Yahweh by speaking to the Israelite exiles. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 3:15

Tel Abib

A town in Babylon, about 80 kilometers southeast of the main city, which was also called Babylon. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

the Kebar Canal

This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 1:1.

overwhelmed in amazement

"unable to do anything because I was so amazed"

Ezekiel 3:16

General Information:

Ezekiel tells about his experience at Tel Abib.

the word of Yahweh came

This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 3:17

watchman

God told Ezekiel to warn the people of Israel just as a watchman would warn the people of a city if enemies were coming, so that they could prepare and be safe. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the house of Israel

Ezekiel 3:18

the wicked

"wicked people"

require his blood from your hand

This is an idiom for holding someone responsible or guilty of murder. Alternate translation: "treat you as if you had murdered him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 3:19

he does not turn from his wickedness or from his wicked deeds

The phrase "wicked deeds" means the same thing as "wickedness." Alternate translation: "he does not stop doing wicked things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Ezekiel 3:20

set a stumbling block before him

Possible meanings are 1) "make something bad happen to him" or 2) "cause him to sin openly." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he will die in his sin

"he will die as a sinner" or "he will die as a guilty person because he has disobeyed me"

I will require his blood from your hand

This is an idiom for holding someone responsible or guilty of murder. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:18. Alternate translation: "I will treat you as if you had murdered him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 3:21

since he was warned

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "since you warned him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 3:22

the hand of Yahweh

The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. Alternate translation: "the power of Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 3:23

the glory of Yahweh

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 1:28.

the Kebar Canal

This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 1:1.

I fell on my face

"I bowed down to the ground" or "I lay on the ground." Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 1:28. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 3:24

he spoke with me

If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the "one who looked like a man" (Ezekiel 1:26). It was not "the Spirit."

Ezekiel 3:25

they will place ropes upon you and tie you so you cannot go out among them

This is best translated literally.

Ezekiel 3:26

General Information:

The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel.

the roof of your mouth

"the top of your mouth"

you will be mute

"you will not be able to speak"

house

Ezekiel 3:27

I will open your mouth

"I will make you able to speak"

the one who will not listen will not listen

"the one who refuses to listen will not listen"

Lord Yahweh

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:4.

Ezekiel 4

Ezekiel 4:intro-0

Ezekiel 04 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Destruction of Jerusalem

The destruction of Jerusalem is pictured in this chapter. Ezekiel showed the lack of food and water that would occur during the siege of Jerusalem.

Ezekiel 4:1

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. He tells Ezekiel to take a brick and dirt and pieces of wood and act as if he were Yahweh destroying the city of Jerusalem.

son of man

carve the city of Jerusalem

You may need to make explicit that Ezekiel is to carve a picture. Alternate translation: "carve a picture of the city of Jerusalem" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 4:2

lay siege against it

"surround the city in order to capture it"

build forts against it

"build strong walls against it." The walls would keep people from leaving the city.

Raise up an assault ramp against it

"Build a ramp outside of it for the enemies to get inside." Jerusalem had a wall around it to protect the people inside. The enemies could only get inside if they had a ramp to climb up over the wall.

Place battering rams all around it

"Set around it huge poles people would use to break down the gates and get inside." "Battering rams" are large trees or poles that many men in an army would pick up and hit against a wall or door so they could break it down and get inside.

Ezekiel 4:3

set your face against it

This is a command to stare at the model of the city as a symbol of punishing the city. Alternate translation: "stare angrily at the city" or "stare at the city so that it will be harmed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

set your face

Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze, and "set your face" refers to literally staring at something. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the house of Israel

Ezekiel 4:4

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel.

put the sin of the house of Israel on it

Possible meanings are 1) "symbolically bear the punishment for the sins of the Israelites" or 2) "suffer by lying on your side because of their sin."

the house of Israel

you will carry their sin

Possible meanings are 1) "you will be guilty of their sin" or 2) "you will be punished for their sin." Either of these meanings will be demonstrated "symbolically" by Ezekiel as noted in the UDB.

lie down against the house of Israel

"lie facing the kingdom of Israel in a hostile manner"

Ezekiel 4:5

I myself am assigning to you one day to represent each year of their punishment

"I myself command you to lie on your side for the same number of days as the number of years that I will punish them"

each year of their punishment

Possible meanings are 1) each year that they will be punished for their sins or 2) each year that they have sinned.

390 days

"three hundred and ninety days" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

Ezekiel 4:6

General Information:

The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel.

these days

the days Ezekiel lies down on his left side to illustrate the siege of the kingdom of Israel

you will carry the sin

Possible meanings are 1) "you will be guilty of the sin" or 2) "you will be punished for the sin." Either of these meanings will be demonstrated symbolically by Ezekiel as noted in the UDB. See how you translated these words in Ezekiel 4:4.

the house of Judah

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Judah people group" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I am assigning to you one day for each year

"I will make you do this one day for each year that I will punish them"

Ezekiel 4:7

Set your face toward Jerusalem that is under siege

This is a command to stare at the model of Jerusalem as a symbol of punishing Jerusalem. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 4:3. Alternate translation: "Stare at Jerusalem that is under siege" or "Stare at Jerusalem that is under siege, so that it will be harmed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

Set your face

Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze. "Set your face" refers to literally staring at something. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

prophesy against it

"prophesy about the bad things that will happen to Jerusalem"

Ezekiel 4:8

For behold

"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

I am placing bonds on you

Bonds are ropes or chains that keep a person from moving. It is not clear whether the word "bonds" is a metaphor for something Yahweh does that is as if he had bound Ezekiel or if he is using literal, physical ropes. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 4:9

General Information:

The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel.

wheat, barley ... millet, and spelt

These are different kinds of grains.

beans

vines whose seeds, which grow in a single row inside its otherwise empty fruit, can be eaten

lentils

These are like beans, but their seeds are very small, round, and somewhat flat. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]])

390 days

"three hundred and ninety days" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

Ezekiel 4:10

twenty shekels per day

"20 shekels per day." A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. Alternate translation: 200 grams of bread each day" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bweight/01.md]])

Ezekiel 4:11

a sixth of a hin

"1/6 hin" or "a sixth part of a hin" or "about one-half liter" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bvolume/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-fraction/01.md]])

a hin

A hin is 3.7 liters. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bvolume/01.md]])

Ezekiel 4:12

General Information:

The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel.

You will eat it

The word "it" refers to the bread (Ezekiel 4:9).

barley cakes

flat bread made of barley (Ezekiel 4:9) (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]])

you will bake it on excrement of human dung

"you will cook it over a fire made with pieces of human solid waste." Your language may have a way of expressing this politely.

Ezekiel 4:13

will banish

will send away by force

Ezekiel 4:14

Alas, Lord Yahweh

"Lord Yahweh, it would be wrong for me to do that." Ezekiel is very troubled by what the Lord has told him to do.

Lord Yahweh

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:4. Here Ezekiel is speaking to the Lord.

foul meat has never entered my mouth

"I have never eaten foul meat"

foul meat

"disgusting, unclean meat." This refers to meat that is unclean because it has come from an animal that has died of sickness or old age or was killed by another animal. The word "foul" shows his disgust over meat like this.

Ezekiel 4:15

Look

"Listen" or "Pay attention to the important thing I will tell you now"

I have given you

"I will allow you to use"

cow manure

solid waste from cows. Your language may have a polite way of expressing this.

human dung

solid waste from humans. Your language may have a polite way of expressing this. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 4:12.

Ezekiel 4:16

Behold

"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

I am breaking the staff of bread in Jerusalem

"I will stop the supply of food to Jerusalem"

the staff of bread

The supply is called a staff because some people need a staff to walk and do their work, and people need bread to live. Bread represents all kinds of food. Alternate translation: "the supply of food" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

they will eat bread while rationing it in anxiety

You may need to make explicit why they will ration the bread. "they will carefully divide their bread because they fear that there will not be enough" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

rationing

giving small amounts of something of which there is not enough to many people

rationing it in trembling

The word "shaking" is a metaphor for being afraid and "trembling" represents fear. Alternate translation: "rationing it while shaking" or "rationing it in fear" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 4:17

every man will be dismayed at his brother and waste away

Possible meanings are 1) "everyone will look at his brother and worry about how much food his brother eats and waste away" or 2) "every one of them will be dismayed and waste away" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

waste away

The phrase "waste away" is usually used of flesh or wood rotting. Here it is a metaphor for wicked people becoming thin and dying because they have no food. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 5

Ezekiel 5:intro-0

Ezekiel 05 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# The destruction of Jerusalem

The destruction of Jerusalem is continued to be pictured in this chapter. Ezekiel showed the destruction of Jerusalem by fire and war.

Ezekiel 5:1

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. All instances of "the city" refer to the "city" that Ezekiel carved onto the brick (Ezekiel 4:1).

son of man

barber's razor

"blade for cutting hair"

pass the razor over your head and your beard

"shave your head and your face" or "remove the hair from your head and the beard from your face"

Ezekiel 5:2

Burn a third of it

"Burn a third of your hair" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-fraction/01.md]])

midst

middle

when the days of the siege are completed

"when the days of Jerusalem's siege have ended" or "when the days have ended that you show how Jerusalem will put under siege"

take a third of the hair

"take one of the three piles of hair" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-fraction/01.md]])

strike it with the sword all around the city

"hit it with your sword all over the city"

scatter a third of it to the wind

"let the wind blow the last third of your hair in different directions" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-fraction/01.md]])

I will draw out a sword to chase after the people

The word "sword" is a metonym for enemy soldiers who will attack with their swords, and to "draw out a sword" is to send the soldiers into battle. Alternate translation: "I will cause their enemies to pursue them and attack them with swords" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I will draw out a sword

"I will pull a sword out of its container"

Ezekiel 5:3

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak to Ezekiel.

a small number of hairs from them

"a few hairs from the piles"

tie them

The word "them" refers to the hairs. Possible meanings are 1) the hairs were long enough so Ezekiel could tie them or 2) Ezekiel was to sew the hairs or otherwise attach them 3) Ezekiel was to place the hairs loosely in a fold of the garment.

the folds of your robe

Possible meanings are 1) "the cloth on your arms" ("your sleeves") or 2) "the end of the cloth on your robe" ("your hem") or 3) the fold in the garment where it is tucked into the belt.

Ezekiel 5:4

Then take

This continues the instructions Yahweh gives to Ezekiel beginning with the words "But take" in verse 3. Ezekiel was to "take a small number of hairs" and "take more of the hair and throw it" when he shaved his hair and beard (Ezekiel 5:1) and before he burned the hair (Ezekiel 5:2). You may need to place these verses before those verses. "But when you shave off your hair and beard, and before you burn them, take ... After you have scattered the hair to the wind, then take" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-events/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-versebridge/01.md]])

from there a fire will go out to all the house of Israel

"from there a fire will spread out and burn up all the people of Israel." Yahweh speaks of how he will punish Israel as if he were going to set fire to a house and of the people of Israel as if they were the family that lives in that house but were at that time outside the house. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the house of Israel

Ezekiel 5:5

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak.

Lord Yahweh

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:4.

This is Jerusalem

"This carving represents Jerusalem" (Ezekiel 4:1)

in the midst of the nations

Possible meanings are 1) other nations were on all sides of Jerusalem or 2) "more important than all other nations."

I have placed her

Jerusalem is referred to as "her" and "she." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

other lands

"the neighboring countries" or "the countries around her"

Ezekiel 5:6

The people have rejected my judgments

"The people of Israel and Jerusalem have refused to obey my judgments."

Ezekiel 5:7

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah.

Lord Yahweh

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:4.

Because you are more troublesome than

"because your sinfulness is worse than" or "because you are more unruly than"

that surround you

"that are all around you."

have not walked in my statutes

Walking is a metaphor for the way a person lives. Alternate translation: "have not lived according to my statutes" or "have not obeyed my statutes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

or acted according to my decrees

"or obeyed my decrees"

Ezekiel 5:8

Behold!

"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!"

I will execute judgments within your midst

"I will judge you in various ways" or "I will punish you" .

Ezekiel 5:9

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel and Jerusalem.

what I have not done and the like of which I will not do again

"as I have not done before and will not do in a similar way again" or "like I have never done before and will never do again" .

because of all your disgusting actions

"because of all the disgusting things you do." God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods.

Ezekiel 5:10

fathers will eat the children in your midst, and sons will eat their fathers

Ezekiel is probably telling what will really happen when the people have no food.

I will execute judgment on you

"I will judge you" or "I will punish you severely"

scatter to every direction all of you who are left

"I will force all of you who are left to go to different places."

Ezekiel 5:11

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah.

Lord Yahweh

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:4.

defiled ... sanctuary

ruined the place that Yahweh had set aside to be only for his use

with all your hateful things

"with all of those things of yours that I hate." You may need to make explicit that this refers to idols: "with all your idols, which I hate" or "with all your disgusting idols." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

with all your disgusting deeds

"with all the disgusting things that you do"

my eye will not have pity on you

The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: "I will not pity you" (See: and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

I will not spare you

"I will surely punish you"

Ezekiel 5:12

they will be consumed by famine in your midst

"many of them will die because of famine"

Ezekiel 5:13

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah.

my wrath will be completed

"I will no longer be angry because I will have done everything I wanted to do because I was angry"

I will cause my fury toward them to rest

The word "fury" means violent anger, and here it is a metonym for punishment. "I will stop punishing them because I will have punished them fully." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I will be satisfied

You may need to make explicit why Yahweh will be satisfied. Alternate translation: "I will be satisfied that I have punished them enough" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

when I have completed my fury against them

"when I have finished punishing them"

Ezekiel 5:14

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 5:15

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah.

in wrath and fury

The words "wrath" and "fury" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is very angry. Alternate translation: "because I will be very angry with you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Ezekiel 5:16

will send out harsh arrows of famine against you

The word "arrows" is a metonym for the sharp pains that people feel when they have had no food for a long time. Alternate translation: "will make you feel the pain of intense hunger" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

increase the famine on you

"make the famine more severe for you" or "make the famine last longer for you" or "make sure that there is less and less for you to eat"

break your staff of bread

A "staff" was something that people leaned upon to support them. This phrase is a metaphor that means removing the supply of food that the people were depending upon. See how "staff of bread" is translated in Ezekiel 4:16. Alternate translation: "cut off your food supply" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 5:17

Plague and blood will pass through you

Sickness and violent death are spoken of as if they were soldiers going through the city killing everyone they could. Alternate translation: "Many people will die of disease, and many others will die in war" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Ezekiel 6

Ezekiel 6:intro-0

Ezekiel 06 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Shrines on the hill tops

God will destroy all those who have been worshiping idols at the hill top shrines.

Ezekiel 6:1

General Information:

Yahweh is telling Ezekiel to speak to the mountains as if they were people so that the people of Israel would hear the words and know that Ezekiel's words were for them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]])

The word of Yahweh came

This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:16. Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 6:2

Son of man

set your face against the mountains of Israel

This is a command to stare at the mountains as a symbol of punishing the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 4:3. Alternate translation: "stare angrily at the mountains of Israel" or "stare at the mountains of Israel so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

set your face against the mountains of Israel

The mountains of Israel were far away, so Ezekiel could not see them, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming it. Alternate translation: "turn toward the mountains of Israel and stare angrily" or "stare toward the mountains of Israel so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

set your face

Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the mountains of Israel

"the mountains in the land of Israel"

Ezekiel 6:3

Behold!

"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!"

Lord Yahweh

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:4.

I am bringing a sword against you

The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: "I am bringing soldiers to come and kill you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 6:4

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel.

Then your altars will become desolate and your pillars will be destroyed

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "People will no longer worship at your altars and your enemy will destroy your pillars" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

I will throw down

Yahweh was speaking of sending soldiers (Ezekiel 6:3) to do these things. Alternate translation: "I will send soldiers to throw down" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

your dead

"your people who have died"

Ezekiel 6:5

I will lay ... and scatter

Yahweh was speaking of sending soldiers (Ezekiel 6:3) to do these things. Alternate translation: "I will send soldiers to lay ... and scatter" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 6:6

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel.

cities will be laid waste

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Enemy armies will lay waste your cities" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

they will be broken

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "enemy armies will break your altars" or "enemy armies will break them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

your pillars will be cut down

This can be translated in active form. See how you translated "pillars" in Ezekiel 6:4. Alternate translation: "they will cut down your pillars" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

your works will be wiped away

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "no one will remember what you have done" or "they will destroy everything you have made" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 6:7

The dead will fall down in your midst

"You will see the enemy kill many people"

know that I am Yahweh

When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. Alternate translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 6:8

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel.

some who escape the sword

The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: "some whom the soldiers do not kill" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

when you are scattered throughout the countries

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "when I scatter you in different countries" or "when I force you to live in other countries" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 6:9

I was grieved by their promiscuous heart that turned away from me

Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a woman who sleeps with many people. Alternate translation: "I was sad because they were like a wife who has left me to sleep with other men" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

by their eyes that whored after their idols

Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a married woman who looks at other men and desires to sleep with them. Alternate translation: "by the way they desired strongly to worship idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

they will show loathing on their face for the wickedness which they have committed

Possible meanings are 1) "their faces will show that they hate themselves because of the wicked things they have done" or 2) "their faces will show that they hate the wicked things that they have done."

Ezekiel 6:10

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 6:11

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak to Ezekiel.

The Lord Yahweh says this

Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. Alternate translation: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

Lord Yahweh

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:4.

Clap your hands and stomp your foot

Ezekiel was to do this symbolic action to get the people's attention. This was not applause. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-symlanguage/01.md]])

Alas

This word is spoken by those who see people doing bad things and realize that bad things will happen to the evildoers as a result. If your language has a similar word, you might want to use it here.

the house of Israel

they will fall by sword, famine, and plague.

To "fall" is a euphemism for to "die." The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation:

Ezekiel 6:12

I will accomplish my fury against them

"I will satisfy my anger against them" or "I will punish them until I am no longer angry"

Ezekiel 6:13

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel.

hill—on all the mountain peaks, and under every flourishing tree and thick oak

Another possible meaning is "hill, on all the mountain peaks, under every flourishing tree, and under every thick oak."

flourishing

healthy and growing

oak

a large tree with strong wood that provided shade for worshipers

Ezekiel 6:14

Diblah

This is the name of a city. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Ezekiel 7

Ezekiel 7:intro-0

Ezekiel 07 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Now is the time for punishment

The people will be punished severely for their idol worship and the temple will be destroyed. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/temple.md]])

Ezekiel 7:1

General Information:

This starts God's prophecy of judgment on Israel.

The word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 7:2

the Lord Yahweh says this

Lord Yahweh

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:4.

to the land of Israel

The word "land" is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Alternate translation: "to the people of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

An end!

"The end has come!"

the four borders of the land

"the entire land" The "four borders" are to the north, east, south, and west.

Ezekiel 7:3

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel.

the end is upon you

The "end" is spoken of as if it were a robber attacking the people. Alternate translation: "your life is finished" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

I am sending out my wrath on you

"Wrath" is spoken of as if it were an arrow that Yahweh was shooting at the people. Alternate translation: "I am angry, and I will punish you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

according to your ways

"according to the things you do" or "because of the wicked things you do"

I will bring all your abominations upon you

"I will punish you for doing those things that I hate so much"

Ezekiel 7:4

For my eyes will not pity you

The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: "For I will not pity you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

I will bring your ways upon you

The way a person lives is spoken of as a path on which one walks. Alternate translation: "I will punish you for the things you have done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

your abominations will be in your midst

Possible meanings are 1) "I will punish all of you because of your abominations" or 2) "this will happen as long as you continue to worship idols."

know that I am Yahweh

When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 6:7. Alternate translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 7:5

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel.

The Lord Yahweh says this

Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 6:11. Alternate translation: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

Lord Yahweh

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:4.

Disaster! A unique disaster! Behold, it is coming.

These exclamations are meant to make the passage very strong. Alternate translation: "Behold, a terrible disaster is coming, one that no one has ever experienced before"

Behold, it

"You can be absolutely sure that it"

Ezekiel 7:6

The end has woken up against you

The judgment that is coming is treated as if it were an enemy waking up from sleep. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Ezekiel 7:7

the mountains will no longer be joyful

The word "mountains" is a metonym for the people who live on the mountains. Alternate translation: "the people on the mountains will not have any more joy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 7:8

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words to the people of Israel.

Now before long

"Very soon now"

I will pour out my fury against you and fill up my wrath upon you

Yahweh uses the terms "pour out" and "fill up" to speak of his anger as if it were water that he poured out into a jar. These phrases emphasize that Yahweh will punish the people severely. Alternate translation: "I will punish you severely because I am very angry" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

fury

"wrath" or "great anger"

Ezekiel 7:9

For my eye will not look compassionately

The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: "I will not look on them with compassion" or "I will not be compassionate to them" (See: and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

I will not spare you

"I will not leave you without punishment" or "I will punish you"

your abominations will be in your midst so you will know that I am Yahweh

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 7:4.

Ezekiel 7:10

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words about Israel.

Behold, the day! Behold, it is coming!

"Behold! The day is coming!" You may need to make explicit which day is coming. Alternate translation: "Behold! The day when I will punish you is coming!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Behold

"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

Doom has gone out

"Disaster has begun to come to Israel" or "Terrible things have begun to happen"

The rod has blossomed, arrogance has budded

Possible meanings are 1) "The people of Israel have grown very proud" or "The people of Israel have become very violent and very proud." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 7:11

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 7:12

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words about Israel.

The time is coming; the day has come close

Both "The time" and "the day" refer to the time when God will punish the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "Israel's punishment will happen very soon" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

my anger is on the entire multitude

"I am angry with the whole multitude"

multitude

a very large number of people. Here it refers to the people of Israel.

Ezekiel 7:13

as long as they both live

as long as "the buyer" and "the seller" (7:12) both live

the vision concerning the entire multitude will not be reversed

"God will surely do to the multitude what he has shown me"

none of them will be strengthened

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will not strengthen any of them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 7:14

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words about Israel.

They have blown the trumpet

"They have blown the trumpet to call people to fight against the enemy"

my anger is on the entire multitude

"I am angry with the whole multitude." See how you translated this in Ezekiel 7:12.

Ezekiel 7:15

The sword is on the outside

The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation:

the building

the city

while famine and plague will consume those in the city

The word "consume" is a metaphor for "totally destroy." Alternate translation: "and most of the people in the city will die from hunger and sickness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 7:16

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 7:17

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words about Israel.

Every hand will falter and every knee will be weak as water

The hands and knees are synecdoches for the people themselves. Alternate translation: "Everyone will be so terrified that they will be unable to work and their knees will become weak so that they cannot stand" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

falter

fail to do what it is supposed to do

every knee will be weak as water

Another possible translation is, "every knee will flow with water," a euphemism for all the people losing control of their bladders because they are so frightened. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

knee ... weak as water

Water cannot stand up, and the people's knees will be so weak that the people are unable to stand on their legs. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Ezekiel 7:18

terror will cover them

Terror is spoken of as if it were clothing. Alternate translation: "everyone will see how terrified they are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

baldness on all of their heads

Shaving the head was a sign of sadness. Alternate translation: "all of them will shave their heads" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 7:19

in the day of Yahweh's rage

"in the day when Yahweh acts on his anger" or "when Yahweh punishes them"

the day

This can be a time period of more or less than one 24-hour day.

their hunger will not be satisfied

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "they will not be able to satisfy their hunger" or "they will still be hungry even after they eat all they have" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

their iniquity has become a stumbling block

Possible meanings are 1) "because having a lot of gold and silver has led them to sin" or 2) "because they are evil, they are committing sins that show how evil they are."

Ezekiel 7:20

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words about Israel.

with them

with the jeweled ornaments

Ezekiel 7:21

I will give those things into the hand of strangers

The word "hand" is used to refer to control. "I will give those idols into the control of people they do not know" or "I will give those idols to people they do not know" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

plunder

things that are stolen or taken by force

they will defile them

The strangers and wicked people will defile the idols that the people of Israel had made.

Ezekiel 7:22

I will turn my face away

"I will not pay attention" or "I will look away" or "I will not notice"

my cherished place

"the place I love." This refers to God's temple.

bandits

violent people who steal and destroy

Ezekiel 7:23

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words to Ezekiel about Israel.

Make a chain

Chains are used to hold slaves or prisoners. God says this to show the people that they will become slaves or prisoners.

the land is filled with the judgment of blood

Possible meanings are 1) "everywhere in the country God is judging people because they violently killed others" or 2) "the courts everywhere in the country are murdering people." The word "blood" here represents murder and death. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the city is full of violence

The city is spoken of as if it were a container, and violence is spoken of as an object that can be put in a container. The abstract noun "violence" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "violence is everywhere in the city" or "many people in the city are doing violent things to others" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 7:24

they will possess their houses

the wicked will take the Israelites' houses

I will bring an end to the pride of the mighty

"I will cause the powerful people in Israel to stop being proud of themselves"

their holy places will be defiled!

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "enemies will defile the places where they worship" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

their holy places

the places in which they worshiped idols

Ezekiel 7:25

Fear will come

"The people will be afraid"

They will seek peace

"They will try to make peace with their enemies"

but there will be none

"but they will be unable to make peace with their enemies"

Ezekiel 7:26

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words about Israel.

Disaster upon disaster will come

Disaster is spoken of as if it could move by itself. Alternate translation: "One disaster after another will happen" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

they will seek a vision from the prophet

"they will ask the prophets what visions they have seen"

the law will perish from the priest and advice from the elders

"The priests will not teach the law, and the elders will not be able to give good advice." This is because God will not give them wisdom.

Ezekiel 7:27

the prince

Possible meanings are 1) "the king's son" or 2) every male member of the royal family except the king.

will dress in despair

Possible meanings are 1) clothing is a metonym for what a person feels, "will have no hope," or 2) "will dress in clothes that show he is mourning." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the hands of the people of the land will tremble in fear

The word "hands" is a synecdoche for the people. Alternate translation: "the people of the land will be so afraid that their hands will tremble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Ezekiel 8

Ezekiel 8:intro-0

Ezekiel 08 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Judah's sin

The people have contaminated the temple with their worship of other gods and through their sin. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/temple.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/falsegod.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]])

Ezekiel 8:1

General Information:

Ezekiel tells about another vision he saw.

So it came about

This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.

in the sixth year

You may need to make explicit the time period of which this is the sixth year. Alternate translation: "in the sixth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the sixth month, in the fifth day of the month

This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is near the beginning of September on Western calendars. Alternate translation: "the fifth day of the sixth month" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-hebrewmonths/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

the hand of the Lord Yahweh again fell upon me

This should be translated literally, as Ezekiel later sees something like a hand. Others may choose to consider the hand a metaphor for Yahweh's presence or power. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Lord Yahweh

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:4.

fell upon

"took hold of"

Ezekiel 8:2

a likeness with the appearance of a man

Here the abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man. Both "likeness" and "appearance" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "there was someone who appeared to be a man" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

glowing metal

When metal is very hot, it glows with a yellow or orange light.

the appearance of his hips ... the appearance of something shining

The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "what appeared to be his hips ... what appeared to be something shining" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 8:3

General Information:

Ezekiel continues telling about the vision from God.

he reached out

The word "he" probably refers to the "figure like a man" (Ezekiel 8:2).

between earth and heaven

"between the ground and the sky"

in visions from God, he brought me to Jerusalem

The words "in visions" mean that this experience is happening in Ezekiel's thoughts. His body would still be in his home while God shows him these things.

the inner northern gate

"the inner northern gate of the temple." The temple was surrounded by two walls, one inside the other. This gate was on the north side of the inner wall. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the idol that provokes great jealousy

"the idol that causes God to be very jealous"

Ezekiel 8:4

according to the vision I had seen on the plain

Possible meanings are 1) "who looked the same as what I had seen in the vision that I saw when I was on the plain" or 2) "who looked the same as what I saw when I was on the plain."

the plain

a large area of flat land that has few trees.

Ezekiel 8:5

General Information:

The "figure like a man" (Ezekiel 8:2) speaks to Ezekiel.

Son of man

lift up your eyes ... lifted up my eyes

This idiom means that he should look towards something. Alternate translation: "look up ... looked up" or "turn your head and look ... turned my head and looked" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

gate leading to the altar

"gate through which people would walk so they could go to the altar"

Ezekiel 8:6

do you see what they are doing?

God uses this question to bring Ezekiel's attention to what the people were doing. Alternate translation: "I want you to understand why I hate what the people here are doing." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

the house of Israel

Ezekiel 8:7

the courtyard

You may need to make explicit which courtyard. "the temple courtyard" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 8:8

General Information:

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Ezekiel 8:9

General Information:

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Ezekiel 8:10

behold

This word shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. Your language may have a different word to show this.

every form of creeping things and detestable animals

"carvings in the wall of all kinds of creeping animals and detestable beasts." The phrase "creeping thing" refer to insects and other small animals.

the house of Israel

Ezekiel 8:11

Jaazaniah ... Shaphan

men's names (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

censer

a pan that people burn incense in when they worship God or false gods

Ezekiel 8:12

do you see what the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the dark?

God is commanding Ezekiel to look at what the elders are doing. Alternate translation: "look at what the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the dark." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

the house of Israel

the hidden chamber of his idol

"the room where no one can see him worship his idol"

Ezekiel 8:13

General Information:

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Ezekiel 8:14

the entrance of the gate of the house of Yahweh that was on the north side

This was the outer north gate—not the same one as in Ezekiel 8:3.

behold!

This word shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw.

mourning for Tammuz

grieving because the false god Tammuz had died (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Ezekiel 8:15

Do you see this ... man?

Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. Alternate translation: "Think about this ... man." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Ezekiel 8:16

behold!

This word shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw.

portico

covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support

their faces toward the east

"they were looking toward the east"

Ezekiel 8:17

Do you see this ... man?

Is it a little thing for the house of Judah to do these abominations that they are doing here?

God uses this question to show that he is right to be angry at the people of Judah. Alternate translation: "I am right to be angry at the house of Judah because of these abominations that they are doing here." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

house of Judah

they have filled the land with violence

"throughout the country they are doing violent things or "all over the country they are attacking one another"

to provoke me to anger

"to make me angry"

putting the branch to their noses

Possible meanings are 1) the people were using the branches in false worship or 2) the people were using the branches to show rebellion against Yahweh. The words "branch to ... noses" may be a literal tree branch and literal noses, or they could be the term for a hand gesture. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 8:18

my eye will not have compassion

I will not spare them

"I will still punish them"

Though they cry in my ears with a loud voice

"Though they yell their prayers to me with a loud voice"

I will not hear them

"I will not listen to them"

Ezekiel 9

Ezekiel 9:intro-0

Ezekiel 09 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Sorrow over sin

God was looking for people who were sad that there was so much evil being done. Yahweh would keep these faithful people from being killed with the rest of the people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/faithful.md]])

Ezekiel 9:1

General Information:

Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision God gave him. It started in Ezekiel 8:1.

he cried in my hearing

"I heard him call out"

he cried

the "figure like a man" (Ezekiel 8:2) cried

weapon of destruction

weapon for destroying people or things

Ezekiel 9:2

weapon of slaughter

weapon for killing many people

behold

"look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

the upper gate that faces north

"the upper northern gate" or "the north gate of the inner court"

linen

a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. Alternate translation: "smooth cloth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]])

scribe's equipment

tools that scribes write with

bronze

A dark gold-colored metal. It is made from mostly copper with tin added for strength. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]])

Ezekiel 9:3

from the cherubim where it had been

Possible meanings are 1) "from above the four winged creatures" (Ezekiel 1:5) or 2) from between the two cherubim in the most holy place in the temple. Try to translate this literally. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

threshold of the house

The "house" refers to God's temple.

linen

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 9:2.

scribe's equipment

tools that scribes write with. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 9:2.

Ezekiel 9:4

groan and sigh

These are sounds people make when they feel very sad or grieved about something. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

the abominations being performed in the midst of the city

"the horrible things being done in the city" or "the detestable things that people are doing in the city

Ezekiel 9:5

he spoke to the others within my hearing

The word "others" refers to the guards (Ezekiel 9:1).

Do not let your eyes have compassion

The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: "Do not have compassion" (See: and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

do not spare

"do not refrain from killing"

Ezekiel 9:6

mark on his head

These were the people who groaned about the abominations happening in Jerusalem. See how you translated "mark" in Ezekiel 9:4.

Begin at my sanctuary

You may need to make explicit what the people are to begin to do at the sanctuary. Alternate translation: "Begin to kill the ones who do not have the mark at my sanctuary" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the elders

Possible meanings are 1) the "seventy elders of the house of Israel" (Ezekiel 8:11) or 2) any "old man" (see the beginning of the verse).

Ezekiel 9:7

General Information:

God continuing to speak to the guards judging the people of Israel.

the house

the temple

attacked the city

The word "city" is a metonym for the people in the city. Alternate translation: "attacked the people in the city" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 9:8

I fell on my face

Ah, Lord Yahweh

Ezekiel says this because he is very troubled by what the Lord told the men to do to Jerusalem. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 4:14.

will you destroy all the remnant of Israel in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem?

Ezekiel is pleading with Yahweh not to destroy the remnant. Alternate translation: "please do not destroy all the remnant of Israel in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem

Wrath is spoken of as if it were a liquid that Yahweh could pour out of a container. The word "Jerusalem" is a metonym for the people in the city. The abstract noun "outpouring" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "when you pour out your wrath on Jerusalem" or "when you punish the people of Jerusalem because you are very angry with them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 9:9

the house of Israel

exceedingly great

"very great"

The land is full of blood and the city full of perversions

Here "land" is spoken of as if it were a container filled with blood. Here "blood" is metonym for murder. And "city" is spoken of as if it were a container and "perversions" were the contents inside of it. Alternate translation: "All over the land people are killing innocent people, and all over the city people are doing wicked things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 9:10

my eye will not look with compassion

bring it all on their heads

To bring someone's conduct on him represents punishing him for his bad conduct. Alternate translation: "punishing them as they deserve"

Ezekiel 9:11

Behold

"Pay attention to what I am about to say"

linen

a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 9:2. Alternate translation: "smooth cloth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]])

He reported and said

"He reported to Yahweh and told him"

Ezekiel 10

Ezekiel 10:intro-0

Ezekiel 10 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# The throne

Ezekiel once again saw and described the throne, its wheels, and the cherubim. See also his description in Ezekiel 1.

# Symbolism

God told the man dressed in lenin to take coals from between the wheels of the throne and scatter them over the city of Jerusalem. This was a symbolic action that showed God's judgment against the city and that it would be destroyed. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

# God left the temple

God now abandoned Jerusalem and left the temple. This was devastating to the religious life of Judah. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/temple.md]])

Ezekiel 10:1

General Information:

Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that started in Ezekiel 8:1.

toward the dome

"toward the curved roof"

cherubim

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 9:3.

like a sapphire

a valuable blue or green gemstone

with the appearance of the likeness of a throne

"that looked like something that looked like a throne." Ezekiel is not willing to say for sure that it looked like a throne.

Ezekiel 10:2

linen

Go between the wheels

Translate the word "wheels" as in Ezekiel 1:15.

fiery coals

Coals are the burned pieces of wood left over after a fire. They are black, but they glow red and orange when they are very hot. They are also called charcoal.

scatter them over the city

"sprinkle them over the city" or "spread them over the city"

Ezekiel 10:3

Connecting Statement:

Ezekiel interrupts his description of what was happening and describes what he saw.

The cherubim stood ... inner courtyard

This is background information for the events that follow. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-background/01.md]])

cherubim

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 9:3.

on the right side

As one faces east, "the right side" is toward the south. Alternate translation: "on the south side" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the house

the temple

Ezekiel 10:4

The glory of Yahweh

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 1:28.

It filled

the glory of Yahweh filled

Ezekiel 10:5

General Information:

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Ezekiel 10:6

It came about

This phrase is used here to mark when the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.

when God commanded the man dressed in linen and said

This is a repeat of the information that was given in Ezekiel 10:2. After talking about the cherubim and God's glory in 10:3-5, Ezekiel returns to telling about the man who was wearing linen.

the man dressed in linen

Translate "linen" as in Ezekiel 9:1.

beside a wheel

Translate "wheel" as in Ezekiel 1:15.

Ezekiel 10:7

General Information:

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Ezekiel 10:8

I saw on the cherubim something like a man's hand under their wings

"I saw that the cherubim had something like a man's hand under their wings"

Ezekiel 10:9

behold

Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw

wheels

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 1:15.

the appearance of the wheels was like a beryl stone

The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "the wheels appeared to be like a beryl stone" or "what appeared to be wheels were like a beryl stone" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

beryl stone

"Beryl" here is a very hard, valuable stone. This beryl was probably green or blue. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]])

Ezekiel 10:10

Their appearance was the same likeness for all four of them

The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. The abstract noun "likeness" can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: "All four of them appeared to be similar" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

a wheel intersecting another wheel

The word "intersecting" means "crossing" or "passing through."

Ezekiel 10:11

they went in any of their four directions

whatever direction the head faced, they followed

Possible meanings for "the head" are 1) this refers to the winged creatures. Alternate translation: "they went in whatever direction the winged creatures were looking" or 2) this refers to the front wheel. Alternate translation: "they followed in whatever direction the front wheel went"

Ezekiel 10:12

wheels

Translate the word "wheels" as in Ezekiel 1:15.

Ezekiel 10:13

the wheels were called, "Whirling."

The word "Whirling" means "Spinning." Here it is the name of the wheels. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "someone called the wheels, 'Whirling.'" or "the name of the wheels was 'Whirling.'" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 10:14

They had four faces each

"Each cherub had four faces" or "Each of the cherubim had four faces." Each creature had a face on the front, a face on the back, and a face on each side of its head. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 1:6.

Ezekiel 10:15

living creatures

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 1:13.

rose up

"went up into the air"

Ezekiel 10:16

They still stayed beside them

"The wheels stayed with the cherubim." Alternate translation: "The wheels moved with the cherubim"

Ezekiel 10:17

stood still

"stayed still" or "did not move"

the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels

Possible meanings are 1) Ezekiel is speaking of the "creatures" of verse 15 as if they were one creature. Alternate translation: "the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels" or 2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. Alternate translation: "the spirit of life was in the wheels" or "the living spirit was in the wheels" or 3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 1:20. Alternate translation: "the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 10:18

the glory of Yahweh

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 1:28.

the house

the temple

stood over

"stayed over" or "waited over"

Ezekiel 10:19

came upon them from above

"went above the cherubim"

Ezekiel 10:20

the living creatures

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 1:13.

the Kebar Canal

This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 1:1.

Ezekiel 10:21

the likeness of human hands

Here the abstract noun "likeness" means that what Ezekiel saw looked like human hands. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "something that looked like human hands" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 10:22

the likeness of their faces was like the faces that I had seen

The abstract noun "likeness" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "their faces looked like the faces that I had seen" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

went straight ahead

"faced forward" or "looked directly ahead"

Ezekiel 11

Ezekiel 11:intro-0

Ezekiel 11 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Safety

The people were trusting Jerusalem to keep them safe. But God was going to pull them out of Jerusalem. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/trust.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphor

The people in Jerusalem used the metaphor "this city is the pot and we are the meat in the pot" meaning they were safe in Jerusalem. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 11:1

General Information:

Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that started in Ezekiel 8:1.

to the eastern gate of the house of Yahweh, facing east

This gate was part of the wall that surrounded the temple area. Alternate translation: "the gate on the eastern side of the wall surrounding the house of Yahweh" or "the gate on the eastern wall of the temple courtyard"

the house of Yahweh

See how you translated this phrase in Ezekiel 8:16.

behold

The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.

twenty-five men

"25 men" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

Jaazaniah son of Azzur and Pelatiah son of Benaiah

These are the names of men. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

among them

"among the twenty-five men"

Ezekiel 11:2

General Information:

Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision.

Son of man

Ezekiel 11:3

The time to build houses is not now

This shows the people feel so secure they are not worried about building houses now. Other versions of the Bible read, "Now is the time to build our houses." This would mean that the people want to build houses because they feel secure.

this city is the pot, and we are the meat

The people speak of themselves as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. The metaphor suggests that they are important and safe within the city. Alternate translation: "This city is like a pot that will protect us as a pot protects meat" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the pot

Possible meanings are 1) a pot for storing meat or 2) a pot for cooking meat.

Ezekiel 11:4

General Information:

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Ezekiel 11:5

General Information:

Yahweh continues to talk to the prophet Ezekiel.

the Spirit of Yahweh fell on me

Ezekiel speaks of the Spirit of Yahweh inspiring and empowering him to prophesy as if the Spirit of Yahweh fell upon him. Alternate translation: "the Spirit of Yahweh empowered me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

That is what you are saying

"You are saying these things." This refers to what the people were saying in Ezekiel 11:3.

house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "Israelites" or "Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 11:6

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 11:7

The people you have killed ... are the meat, and this city is the pot

Yahweh speaks of the people whom they have killed as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. See how you translated this metaphor in Ezekiel 11:3. Alternate translation: "The people you have killed ... are like the meat in the pot, and this city is like the pot. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

But you are going to be brought out

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "But I am going to bring you out" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 11:8

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel.

this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh

Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 5:11. Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

Ezekiel 11:9

put you into the hands of foreigners

Here the metonym "hands" represents power or control. Alternate translation: "put you into the power of foreigners" or "enable foreigners to capture you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 11:10

You will fall by the sword

The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: "They will kill you with their swords" or "You will die in battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

know that I am Yahweh

Ezekiel 11:11

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel.

This city will not be your cooking pot, nor will you be the meat

The people had spoken of themselves as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. Yahweh says that this is not true. See how you translated this metaphor in Ezekiel 11:3. Alternate translation: "This city is not like a pot that will protect you as a pot protects meat" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

within the borders of Israel

"in the land of Israel"

Ezekiel 11:12

the one whose statutes you have not walked in

Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if it were walking in them, like person would walk along a road. Alternate translation: "the one whose statutes you have not obeyed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 11:13

It came about

This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.

Pelatiah son of Benaiah

This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 11:1. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

I fell on my face

Alas, Lord Yahweh

The word "Alas" is an exclamation that expresses fear and sadness. Alternate translation: "Oh no, Lord Yahweh" or "Ah, Lord Yahweh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclamations/01.md]])

Ezekiel 11:14

The word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 11:15

your brothers! Your brothers!

This is stated twice for emphasis.

the house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family, in this case the Israelites who are the descendants of Jacob. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

All of them are those of whom it is said by those living in Jerusalem

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The people living in Jerusalem say about all of them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

All of them are those of whom

Some versions have "All of them are those to whom"

This land was given to us as our possession

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has given this land to us as our possession" or "This land has become our possession" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 11:16

General Information:

Yahweh gives this message to Ezekiel about the Israelites who were in exile.

I have been a sanctuary for them

Yahweh speaks of dwelling among the people who are in exile as if he were a sanctuary for them. Alternate translation: "I have been with them" or "I have been like their place of worship" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 11:17

I will gather you from the peoples, and assemble you from the lands

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition emphasizes the surety of Yahweh's promise to bring the exiles back to the land of Israel. Alternate translation: "I will bring you back from all of the nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

where you were scattered

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "where I scattered you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 11:18

every detestable thing and every abomination

These words have similar meanings and emphasize that God will remove all the idols from Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

every detestable thing

This means things that cause hatred or disgust. Here it refers to idols.

Ezekiel 11:19

General Information:

God continues the prophecy of what will happen to the scattered Israelites.

I will give them one heart ... give them a heart of flesh

Yahweh speaks of all of the Israelites who are in exile as if they are one person, with one heart and one spirit. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will give them one heart

Here the metonym "heart" represents the will and emotions. Yahweh speaks of causing all of the people to share the same new emotions as if he were giving them one heart. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will put a new spirit within them

Here the metonym "spirit" represents the thoughts and disposition. Yahweh speaks of causing the people to think new thoughts as if he were giving them a new spirit. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will take out the heart of stone from their flesh and give them a heart of flesh

Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had a stone heart and of their being willingly obedient as if they had a heart of flesh. He speaks of causing them to become willingly obedient as if he were exchanging those two hearts. Alternate translation: "I will cause them to stop being stubborn and instead cause them to obey me willingly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 11:20

they will walk in my statutes, they will carry out my decrees and do them

Each of these phrases have similar meanings and describes the people as obeying what Yahweh has commanded them to do. They are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

they will walk in my statutes

Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if it were walking in them, like a person would walk along a road. Alternate translation: "they will obey my statutes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 11:21

those who walk with affection toward their detestable things

Yahweh speaks of a person's conduct as if it were the person walking. Alternate translation: "those who conduct their lives out of devotion to their detestable things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

detestable things

This means things that cause hatred or disgust. Here it refers to idols. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 11:18.

I will bring their conduct on their own heads

Here the metonym "conduct" represents the consequences of their actions. The idiom "bring ... on their own heads" means they will experience these consequences. Alternate translation: "I will cause them to suffer the consequences of their actions" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 11:22

General Information:

The cherubim and the glory of God leave the temple and city.

cherubim

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 9:3.

Ezekiel 11:23

General Information:

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Ezekiel 11:24

the vision that I had seen went up from upon me

Ezekiel speaks of the vision ending as if the vision was an object that had been upon him and then left him. Alternate translation: "the vision that I had seen ended" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 11:25

General Information:

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Ezekiel 12

Ezekiel 12:intro-0

Ezekiel 12 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Exile

God warned that very soon the people in Jerusalem would be exiled to Babylon.

Ezekiel 12:1

The word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 12:2

Son of man

a rebellious house

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:5. Alternate translation: "a rebellious people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

they have eyes to see but they do not see ... they have ears to hear but do not listen

People being unable to understand Yahweh's message and what he is doing is spoken of as if the people were unable physically to see and hear. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 12:3

General Information:

Yahweh is telling Ezekiel to act out another parable.

Therefore as for you

"So then, this is what I say to you"

in their sight

"as they watch"

Perhaps they will begin to see

People being able to understand Yahweh's message and what he is doing is spoken of as if the people were able physically to see. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

a rebellious house

Ezekiel 12:4

General Information:

God is speaking to Ezekiel and describing how he should act out the parable.

in their sight

"as they watch"

Ezekiel 12:5

General Information:

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Ezekiel 12:6

have set you as a sign

Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of Ezekiel and his actions as being this warning. Alternate translation: "have made you to be a warning" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 12:7

General Information:

Ezekiel shows the people of Israel they will soon be forced into exile.

just as I was commanded

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "just as Yahweh commanded me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

dug a hole through the wall by hand

"dug a hole through the wall with my hands"

in the dark

"at night"

Ezekiel 12:8

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 12:9

Son of man, is the house of Israel, that rebellious house, not asking, 'What are you doing?'

God asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knew—that the people had asked him this question. Alternate translation: "Son of man, the house of Israel, that rebellious house, is asking, 'What are you doing?'" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

the house of Israel, that rebellious house

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. Translate "rebellious house" as in Ezekiel 2:5. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel, that rebellious people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

What are you doing

Since the people had seen what Ezekiel was doing, their question implies their desire to know the reason why he was doing it. Alternate translation: "What is the meaning of the things you are doing" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 12:10

in whose midst they are

The phrase "in whose midst" refers to Jerusalem, while "they" refers to the "house of Israel." Alternate translation: "who are in Jerusalem" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 12:11

I am a sign to you

Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Ezekiel speaks of himself and his actions as being this warning. Alternate translation: "I am a warning to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

so it will be done to them

The word "them" refers to the people living in Jerusalem. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so others will do to them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 12:12

in the dark

"at night"

They will dig through the wall

The word "They" refers to the people living in Jerusalem.

He will cover his face

"The prince will cover his face"

Ezekiel 12:13

I will spread out my net over him and he will be caught in my snare

Yahweh speaks of enabling the Chaldeans to capture the prince as if he himself were catching the prince in a trap that he had set. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will bring him to Babylon

Yahweh speaks of enabling the Chaldeans to bring the prince to Babylon as if he himself were bringing the prince there. Alternate translation: "I will cause the Chaldeans to bring him to Babylon" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 12:14

I will send out a sword after them

The word "sword" is a metonym for enemy armies who will attack with their swords. Alternate translation: "I will send armies to pursue them with swords" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 12:15

know that I am Yahweh

when I scatter them among the nations and disperse them throughout the lands

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "when I cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Ezekiel 12:16

I will spare ... from the sword, famine, and plague

The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. You may need to make explicit that they will not die from famine or plague. Alternate translation: "I will keep ... from dying in battle, from starving to death, and from dying of disease" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 12:17

The word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 12:18

General Information:

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Ezekiel 12:19

the land will be despoiled of its fullness

The word "fullness" refers to everything in the land. The word "despoiled" means that people will empty the land of everything in it. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "others will empty the land of everything in it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 12:20

the cities that were inhabited will be desolate

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the cities where people lived will be desolate" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 12:21

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 12:22

what is this proverb that you have in the land of Israel that says, 'The days are prolonged, and every vision fails'?

Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel something he already knows. The question is a mild rebuke for the people who use the proverb. Alternate translation: "the people in the land of Israel have this proverb that says, 'The days are prolonged, and every vision fails.' (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

The days are prolonged

This idiom means that many days have passed. Alternate translation: "Many days have passed" or "Time has gone by" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

every vision fails

This means that the visions that the prophets receive and communicate to the people fail to happen. Alternate translation: "every prophetic vision fails to happen" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 12:23

The days have drawn near

This phrase refers to the days in which Israel will be judged. Alternate translation: "The days of judgment are coming soon" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

every vision will be fulfilled

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will fulfill every vision" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 12:24

General Information:

Yahweh continues to tell Ezekiel what to say to the people of Israel.

house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 12:25

I carry out the words that I speak

This idiom means that Yahweh does what he says. Alternate translation: "I do the things that I say" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

The matter will no longer be delayed

The "matter" refers to the things that Yahweh says will happen. Alternate translation: "What I say will no longer be delayed" or "What I say will happen soon" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

I will speak this word

"I will speak this message" or "I will speak this prophecy"

in your days

This idiom refers to the period of time in which a person lives. Alternate translation: "while you are alive" or "during you lifetime" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

rebellious house

This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:5. Alternate translation: "rebellious people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 12:26

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 12:27

Behold

The word "Behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.

house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

The vision that he sees is for many days from now, and he prophesies of far off times

These phrases are both ways the people of Israel are saying Ezekiel's warnings will not happen in their lifetime but will happen far in the future. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Ezekiel 12:28

My words will not be delayed any longer

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will no longer delay the word I have spoken" or "I will no longer delay doing what I said I would do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 13

Ezekiel 13:intro-0

Ezekiel 13 General Notes

Structure and formatting

# False prophets

God spoke against people who said they were prophesying but had not received any message from God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/prophet.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphor

God said of people who encourage others to feel safe even when they continue to sin were not strengthening a wall but just putting whitewash on it to hide the imperfections. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 13:1

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 13:2

Son of man

prophesying out of their own imaginations

"prophesying only the things that they imagine"

Ezekiel 13:3

who follow their own spirit

Here the word "spirit" represents the thoughts and ideas of the person. To "follow" here is an idiom that means to do what their own ideas suggest for them to do. Alternate translation: "who act according to their own ideas" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 13:4

like jackals in the wastelands

Like jackals that scavenge for food and shelter among the abandoned ruins of cities, the prophets are using the destruction of Jerusalem for their own benefit. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

jackals

wild animals that are related to dogs and that scavenge for food in abandoned places.

Ezekiel 13:5

the wall around the house of Israel

This refers to the wall surrounding the city of Jerusalem.

the house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

resist in battle

You can supply the implicit information here. Alternate translation: "resist the enemy armies" or "defend the city" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the day of Yahweh

This refers to the time when Yahweh will judge his people by means of an enemy army. Alternate translation: "the day of Yahweh's judgment" or "the day when Yahweh judges you by sending enemy armies to attack you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 13:6

Such and such

This is a phrase used to refer to anything the prophet may have said. Your language may have another way to say this. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Yahweh's declaration

"is what Yahweh has declared"

Ezekiel 13:7

Have you not had false visions ... when I myself have not spoken?

Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the false prophets. Alternate translation: "You have had false visions ... because I myself have not spoken." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

had false visions and made false predictions

Since the false prophets have not really received a message from Yahweh, what they predict about the future is not true.

Ezekiel 13:8

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 13:9

My hand will be against the prophets

Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh's power. That his hand will be against them is a metaphor that means that he will punish them with his power. Alternate translation: "I will punish the prophets" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

They will not be in the assembly of my people

This means that Yahweh will not consider these false prophets to be part of the people of Israel.

or enrolled in the record of the house of Israel

This probably refers to an official record of the citizens of Israel. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "nor will anyone enroll their names in the record of the house of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

know that I am the Lord Yahweh

When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 6:7. Alternate translation: "understand that I am the Lord Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, the Lord Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 13:10

General Information:

In these verses, Yahweh speaks of the false security that the prophets have given to the people by speaking of peace as if the prophets had built a poorly-constructed wall and covered it over with white paint in order to make it look good. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Because of this

The word "this" refers to the prophets reporting false visions to the people and telling them lies.

they led my people astray

Yahweh speaks of the prophets deceiving the people and getting them to believe lies as if the prophets had led the people away from the path upon which they should have been walking. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they are building a wall that they will paint with whitewash

Here "a wall" stands for peace and security that the false prophets told the people that Yahweh was promising to give them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

whitewash

The word "whitewash" refers to a white liquid mixture or paint used to cover up impurities and make surfaces white.

Ezekiel 13:11

whitewashing

The word "whitewashing" refers to covering a surface with a white liquid mixture to cover up impurities and make the surface white.

I will send hailstones to make it fall down, and a windstorm wind to break it down

Yahweh refers to the judgment that he will send upon the people as if it were a severe storm that breaks down the wall. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

hailstones

balls of ice that sometimes falls from the sky during a rainstorm.

Ezekiel 13:12

Have others not said to you, "Where is the whitewash that you put on it?"

Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that others will ask the prophets what happened to their whitewash. Alternate translation: "Others will certainly say to you, 'Where is the whitewash that you put on it?'" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Where is the whitewash that you put on it?

Possible meanings are 1) that this is an honest question for which the people expect and answer or 2) this is a rhetorical question that the people ask out of sarcasm. Alternate translation: "The whitewash that you put on it did no good." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Ezekiel 13:13

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak of the false security that the prophets have given to the people by speaking of peace as if the prophets had built a poorly-constructed wall and covered it over with white paint in order to make it look good. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will bring a windstorm ... completely destroy it.

in my rage ... in my wrath ... in my rage

"because of my rage ... because of my wrath ... because my rage."

Ezekiel 13:14

lay bare

"uncover"

you will be annihilated in the middle of it all

The phrase "in the middle of it all" refers to the stones of the wall that Yahweh will break down. He speaks of destroying the people in his judgment as if the wall would crush them to death when he breaks it down. Alternate translation: "all of its stones will crush you to death" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

annihilated

"destroyed"

know that I am Yahweh

Ezekiel 13:15

General Information:

I will annihilate in my fury

"Because I am very angry, I will annihilate"

whitewashed it

The word "whitewash" refers to a white liquid mixture or paint used to cover up impurities and make surfaces white. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 13:10.

Ezekiel 13:16

the prophets of Israel who prophesied about Jerusalem and who had visions of peace for her

This phrase defines who "the people who whitewashed it" are.

visions of peace for her

The word "her" refers to Jerusalem.

Ezekiel 13:17

set your face against the daughters

This is a command to stare at the women as a symbol of punishing them. Translate "set your face against" as you did in Ezekiel 4:3. Alternate translation: "stare angrily at the daughters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

set your face against

Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze, and "set your face" represents staring. Alternate translation: "stare at" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

daughters of your people

This idiom refers to women who belong to the same people group as Ezekiel does. Alternate translation: "women of Israel" or "your countrywomen" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

prophesy out of their own minds

"prophesying only the things that they think in their own minds." See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 13:2.

prophesy against

"prophesy about the bad things that will happen to them." See how you translated this in Ezekiel 4:7.

Ezekiel 13:18

sew magic charms onto every part of their hand

This means that they sew magic charms together and then attach them to their hands, not that they sew them directly onto their hands.

charms

objects believed to have magical powers.

used to hunt down people

Yahweh speaks of these women using beauty, mystery, and lies to deceive people as if the people were animals that the women hunted down and trapped with their charms. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that they use to hunt down people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

make veils for their heads of every size

This means that they make veils to put on the heads of people of different height. Alternate translation: "make veils for the heads of women of every stature" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Will you hunt down my people but save your own lives?

Yahweh asks this as a leading question to rebuke the women who do these things. The implicit answer is, "no." Alternate translation: "Do not think that you will be able to save your own lives after you have hunted down my people!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Ezekiel 13:19

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak against the false prophetesses in Israel.

handfuls of barley and crumbs of bread

Barley is a grain used to make bread and the word "crumb" is a small amount of bread. Both phrases are small amounts of food and are used to emphasize how small the payment was to the prophetesses. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Ezekiel 13:20

the magic charms that you have used to ensnare the people's lives as if they were birds

Yahweh speaks of these women using their magic charms to deceive people as if the people were birds that the women trapped with those charms. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

charms

objects believed to have magical powers

to ensnare

"to trap" "to catch in a snare"

tear them from your arms

"tear the charms from your arms"

Ezekiel 13:21

rescue my people from your hand

Here the word "hand" represents power or control. Alternate translation: "rescue my people from your power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

they will no longer be trapped in your hands

Here the word "hand" represents power or control. Yahweh speaks of the people being in the control of these women as if the women had trapped them with their hands. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you will no longer trap them like prey in your hands" or "you will no longer control them with your power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 13:22

discourage the heart of the righteous person

Here the word "heart" represents the person and his emotions. Alternate translation: "discourage the righteous person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

turn from his way

To stop doing something is referred to as turning in a different direction. Alternate translation: "stop what he is doing" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 13:23

have false visions or continue to make predictions

Both of these phrases refer to talking about what will happen in the future. Alternate translation: "continue to make false predictions" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

I will rescue my people out of your hand

Here the word "hand" represents power or control. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 13:21. Alternate translation: "I will rescue my people from your power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 14

Ezekiel 14:intro-0

Ezekiel 14 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Jerusalem deserves punishment

When the captives from Jerusalem arrive in Babylon, it will be obvious why God has punished them.

Ezekiel 14:1

Some of the elders of Israel came to me and sat before me

The elders sat before Ezekiel in order to inquire of the Lord through Ezekiel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 14:2

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 14:3

Son of man

have taken their idols into their hearts

Yahweh speaks of the elders committing themselves to worshiping idols as if the elders had "taken their idols into their hearts." Alternate translation: "have devoted themselves to idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

have put the stumbling block of their iniquity before their own faces

Yahweh speaks of the idols that the elders worship as if they were blocks over which the elders stumble, and of being determined to worship those idols as if they had placed those stumbling blocks in front of their faces. Alternate translation: "have resolutely determined to worship the things that lead to iniquity" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

stumbling block of their iniquity

Possible meanings are 1) the idols are a stumbling block that leads to the elders' iniquity or 2) worshiping idols is an iniquity that causes the elders to stumble.

Should I be inquired of at all by them?

Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the elders should not be inquiring of him. This question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Should I permit them to inquire of me at all?" or "They should not be inquiring of me at all." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 14:4

Therefore announce this to them

The word "them" refers to the "men from the elders of Israel."

the house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

who takes his idols into his heart

Yahweh speaks of the people committing themselves to worshiping idols as if they had taken their idols into their hearts. See how you translated this metaphor in Ezekiel 14:3. Alternate translation: "who devotes himself to idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

who puts the stumbling block of his iniquity before his face

Yahweh speaks of the idols that people worship as if they were blocks over which the people stumble, and of being determined to worship those idols as if they had placed those stumbling blocks in front of their faces. See how you translated this metaphor in Ezekiel 14:3. Alternate translation: "who resolutely determines to worship the things that lead to iniquity" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I, Yahweh, will answer him according to the number of his idols

This phrase refers to the many idols that the people worship. It is implied that the severity of Yahweh's answer will as great as the number of idols that they worship. Alternate translation: "I, Yahweh, will give him the answer that he deserves because he worships so many idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 14:5

I may take back the house of Israel in their hearts

Here the word "hearts" represents the minds and affections of the people. Yahweh speaks of causing them to be devoted to him once again as if he were to capture their hearts. Alternate translation: "I will cause the people of Israel to be devoted to me again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

their hearts that have been driven far from me through their idols

Here the word "hearts" represents the minds and affections of the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "who have all left me to worship their idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 14:6

the house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Repent and turn away from your idols! Turn back your faces from all your abominations

Both of these phrases are ways to tell the people of Israel to stop worshiping idols. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Repent and turn away

The words "repent" and "turn way" mean basically the same thing. Together they strengthen the command to stop worshiping idols. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Turn back your faces

Here the word "faces" represents the people. Alternate translation: "Turn back" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Ezekiel 14:7

the house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

who takes his idols into his heart

puts the stumbling block of his iniquity before his own face

Ezekiel 14:8

I will set my face against that man

Yahweh speaks of being opposed to a person as if he were to set his face against that person. Alternate translation: "I will be against that man" or "I will oppose that man" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

set my face against

Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze, and "set my face" refers to staring. Alternate translation: "stare angrily at" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

make him a sign and a proverb

Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. The word proverb refers to what people will say about that sign when they see it. Alternate translation: "I will make that man to be a warning and a proverb" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will cut him off from the midst of my people

Yahweh speaks of causing a person no longer to belong to his people as if he were cutting that person off from the people, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: "I will cause him no longer to belong to my people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

know that I am Yahweh

Ezekiel 14:9

I will reach out with my hand against him

God's "hand" refers to what he does. Alternate translation: "I will work against him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 14:10

They will carry their own iniquity

Here the word "iniquity" represents the guilt that people incur for committing iniquity. Yahweh speaks of people suffering the consequences of their iniquity as if they were carrying the iniquity. Alternate translation: "They will suffer the consequences of their own iniquity" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 14:11

house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

will no longer wander away from following me

Yahweh speaks of the people no longer worshiping him as if they were to wander away from him and no longer follow him. Alternate translation: "will no longer stop worshiping me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 14:12

General Information:

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Ezekiel 14:13

when a land sins against me

Here the word "land" represents the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: "when the people who live in a land sin against me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

break the staff of its bread

Yahweh speaks of the supply of bread as if it were a staff. The word "bread" represents all kinds of food. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 4:16. Alternate translation: "end the supply of its food" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

cut off both men and animals from the land

Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: "kill both men and animals in the land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 14:14

General Information:

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Ezekiel 14:15

General Information:

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Ezekiel 14:16

these same three men

Noah, Daniel, and Job

as I live

"as surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 5:11. Alternate translation: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

only their own lives would be rescued

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they could only rescue their own lives" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 14:17

if I bring a sword against that land

The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation:

Sword, go through the land

Here the word "sword" represents the soldiers of an enemy army who attack with swords. Alternate translation: "Army, go through the land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

cut off both men and animals from it

Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if it were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: "kill both men and animals in the land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 14:18

these three men

Noah, Daniel, and Job

only their own lives would be rescued

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they would only rescue their own lives" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 14:19

pour out my fury

Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury as if his fury were a liquid that he pours out from a container. Alternate translation: "I will express my fury" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

cut off both men and animals

Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: "kill both men and animals" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 14:20

only their own lives would be rescued

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they would only rescue their own lives" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 14:21

to cut off both men and animals from her

Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if it were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "to kill both men and animals in Jerusalem" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 14:22

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak with Ezekiel about the punishment of the people of Israel.

Behold

The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the information that follows.

left in her

The word "her" refers to Jerusalem.

be comforted concerning the punishment

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they will comfort you concerning the punishment" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 14:23

done against her

The word "her" refers to Jerusalem.

their ways and their actions

Both of these phrases refer to what the people of Israel have done. Alternate translation: "the way they live" or "the things they do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Ezekiel 15

Ezekiel 15:intro-0

Ezekiel 15 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Useless

God said that the people of Jerusalem were useless to him. He uses a simile to show just how useless they were. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Ezekiel 15:1

General Information:

Yahweh is talking to Ezekiel in this section.

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 15:2

Son of man

how is a vine better than any tree with branches that is among the trees in a forest?

Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "a vine is not better than any tree with branches that is among the trees in a forest." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Ezekiel 15:3

Do people take wood from a vine to make anything?

Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "People do not take wood from a vine to make anything." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

do they make a peg from it to hang anything on it?

Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "they do not make a peg from it to hang things on it." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Ezekiel 15:4

If it is thrown into a fire as fuel ... is it good for anything?

Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "If it is thrown into a fire as fuel ... it is not good for anything." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

If it is thrown into a fire as fuel

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "If a person throws it into a fire as fuel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 15:5

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking about the vine.

See!

The word "see" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.

When it was complete

"When it was whole" or "Before the fire burned it"

it could not make anything

"no one could make anything from it"

Ezekiel 15:6

General Information:

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Ezekiel 15:7

General Information:

Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel about the people of Israel.

I will set my face against them

Yahweh speaks of being opposed to them as if he were to set his face against them. Alternate translation: "I will be against them" or "I will oppose them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

set my face against them

Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze, and "set my face" refers to staring. Alternate translation: "stare angrily at them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

know that I am Yahweh

Though they come out from the fire, yet the fire will consume them

Yahweh speaks of the punishment that he will afflict upon the people as if it were a fire that burns them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the fire will consume them

Yahweh speaks of fire burning things as if the fire consumed them. Alternate translation: "the fire will destroy them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 15:8

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 16

Ezekiel 16:intro-0

Ezekiel 16 General Notes

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphor

God compared Judah to an adulteress because she worshiped idols instead of God who had done so much to help her. Adultery is a common image used to describe the worship of idols by Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:1

General Information:

In this chapter, Yahweh speaks about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful bride. He describes her growth from infancy to adulthood. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 16:2

Son of man

Ezekiel 16:3

Your beginning and your birth

These two phrases share similar meanings. Yahweh speaks of when people founded the city as if it were the city's birth. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

your father was an Amorite, and your mother was a Hittite

The Amorites and Hittites were both pagan people groups who lived in the land before the people of Israel conquered it. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem's father and mother belonging to these people groups to express that she was born into idolatry. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:4

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were an infant. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

your mother did not cut your navel

Here "navel" refers to the umbilical cord that is attached to the navel. Alternate translation: "you mother did not cut your umbilical cord" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:5

No eye had compassion for you

Here the word "eye" represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: "Nobody who saw you had compassion for you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

with loathing for your life

"because your parents hated you"

you were thrown out into the open field

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "your parents threw you out into the open field" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:6

General Information:

But I passed by you

Yahweh is walking near the newborn baby.

I said to you in your blood

The implicit information can be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "I said to you as you were lying in your blood" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:7

I made you grow like a plant in a field

Here Yahweh compares growing quickly with the way a plant grows quickly. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

You multiplied and became great

These two phrases share similar meanings. They both refer to her growing and becoming taller. Alternate translation: "You matured and grew taller" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

you became the jewel of jewels

Here the woman, who represents Jerusalem, is spoken of as if she had become the finest of all jewels, that is, as if she had become the most beautiful of all women. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you became the jewel of jewels

Some modern versions translate "You became old enough to wear jewels."

naked and bare

These two words mean the same thing. Alternate translation: "completely naked" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:8

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a young woman. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

See!

The word "see" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.

the time of love came for you

This is to say that Yahweh sees the young woman is old enough to be married.

Ezekiel 16:9

General Information:

Ezekiel 16:10

embroidered clothes

"beautiful clothes." To embroider is to sew a design into a piece of cloth.

Ezekiel 16:11

I adorned you with jewelry

"I put jewelry on you"

Ezekiel 16:12

General Information:

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Ezekiel 16:13

General Information:

you were adorned with gold and silver, and you were dressed in fine linen

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I adorned you with gold and silver, and dressed you in fine linen" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:14

Your fame went out among the nations

"Many people in many nations knew who you were"

it was perfect

"your beauty was perfect"

Ezekiel 16:15

General Information:

you trusted in your own beauty

"you placed your confidence in your own beauty"

acted like a prostitute

Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as if the city were an unfaithful wife who sleeps with other men in exchange for payment. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you poured out your acts of prostitution

Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem's immoral actions as if they were liquids and of committing those actions repeatedly as if it were pouring those liquids from a container. Alternate translation: "you repeatedly committed your acts of prostitution" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

so that your beauty became his

This Hebrew phrase is translated in many different ways by various modern versions. For example, some Bibles read "so that you gave yourself to him" or "his it was"

Ezekiel 16:16

General Information:

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Ezekiel 16:17

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

male figures

"statues of men" or "idols that look like men"

you did with them as a prostitute would do

Possible meanings are 1) this is a polite way to say the young woman was sleeping with the male figures. Alternate translation: "you slept with them" or 2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of her worshiping the figures as if she were sleeping with them. Alternate translation: "you worshiped them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:18

General Information:

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Ezekiel 16:19

set before them

"placed as an offering in front of them"

Ezekiel 16:20

General Information:

whom you bore for me

"who were my children"

you sacrificed them to the images to be devoured as food

Here Yahweh speaks of something that the people of Israel had actually done. They sacrificed their children to pagan idols. In these ancient pagan sacrifices, the people believed that the gods would eat the food that they offered to them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you sacrificed them to the images so that those images could devour them as food" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Are your acts of prostitution a small matter?

Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the woman is acting as if her prostitution was not bad enough and so she decided to sacrifice her children as well. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You must think that your acts of prostitution are a small matter." or "I do not think your acts of prostitution are a small matter." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:21

made them pass through the fire

Here Yahweh speaks of something that the people of Israel had actually done. They sacrificed their children to pagan idols. It is implicit that she put them into the fire in order to offer them as burnt offerings to her images. Alternate translation: "sacrificed them as burnt offerings" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:22

naked and bare

These two words mean the same thing. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 16:7. Alternate translation: "completely naked" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:23

General Information:

Ezekiel 16:24

you built yourself a mound and made yourself a lofty shrine in every public place

Possible meanings are that she built a place where 1) she could worship her idols or 2) she could practice her prostitution.

Ezekiel 16:25

General Information:

at the head of every road

Yahweh speaks of the beginning of a road as if it were its head. Alternate translation: "at the beginning of every road" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:26

General Information:

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Ezekiel 16:27

General Information:

See!

The word "see" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.

I will strike you with my hand

Here "hand" represents power. Alternate translation: "I will use my power to strike you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

cut off your food

Yahweh speaks of stopping the supply of food as if it were cutting off the food. Alternate translation: "stop your food supply" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will hand your life over

Here "life" represents the person. Alternate translation: "I will hand you over" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

the daughters of the Philistines

Here Yahweh speaks of the cities of Philistia as if they were the daughters of the Philistines. The cities represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: "the Philistine people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:28

General Information:

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Ezekiel 16:29

General Information:

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Ezekiel 16:30

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife.

How sick is your heart ... that you would do all these things, deeds of a shameless prostitute?

Yahweh asks the rhetorical question in order to rebuke Jerusalem. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Your heart must be very sick ... that you would do all these things, deeds of a shameless prostitute!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

How sick is your heart

Here the word "heart" represents the will and emotions. Yahweh speaks of her inability to control her desires as if her heart were sick. Alternate translation: "How weak-willed are you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:31

built your mounds ... made your lofty shrines

Possible meanings are that she built a place where 1) she could worship her idols or 2) she could practice her prostitution. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 16:24.

at the head of every street

Yahweh speaks of the beginning of a street as if it were its head. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 16:25. Alternate translation: "at the beginning of every street" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:32

General Information:

you accept strangers instead of your husband

This refers to accepting someone to sleep with her. Alternate translation: "you accept strangers into your bed instead of your husband" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:33

General Information:

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Ezekiel 16:34

General Information:

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Ezekiel 16:35

General Information:

Ezekiel 16:36

you have poured out your lust

Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem's lust as if it were liquid and of committing actions repeatedly to gratify that lust as if it were pouring that liquid from a container. Alternate translation: "you repeatedly committed actions to gratify your lust" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

poured out your lust

Some modern versions translate "poured your wealth out."

you gave them your children's blood

This refers to killing children as a sacrifice to idols.

Ezekiel 16:37

behold

The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.

so they see all your nakedness

Stripping a person naked in front of others was an action intended to humiliate the person. The word "nakedness" can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: "so they can see you completely naked" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:38

General Information:

the shedding of blood

This phrase represents murder in any form. Alternate translation: "murder" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I will bring on you the bloodshed of my anger and passion

Here "bloodshed" represents murder in any form. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh speaks of punishing her for murder as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. Alternate translation: "In my anger and passion, I will punish you for committing murder" or 2) Yahweh speaks of putting her to death as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. Alternate translation: "In my anger and passion, I will shed your blood" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:39

I will give you into their hands

Here "hands" represents power or control. Alternate translation: "I will place you in their control" or "I will allow them to have power over you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

throw down your vaulted chamber

Possible meanings are that they will destroy 1) the place where she worshiped her idols or 2) the place where she practiced her prostitution. See how you translated "vaulted chamber" in Ezekiel 16:24.

naked and bare

Ezekiel 16:40

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. He speaks about enemy soldiers as her lovers. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:41

will perform many acts of punishment on you

The word "punishment" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "will punish you in many different ways" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

in the sight of many women

"where many women can see" or "while many women watch"

Ezekiel 16:42

I will calm my fury against you; my anger will leave you

The words "fury" and "anger" refer to the punishment that Yahweh inflicts because he is angry. The two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "I will stop punishing you because I will no longer be angry with you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:43

General Information:

call to mind

This idiom means to remember. Alternate translation: "remember" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

have made me shake with anger because of all these things

Here "shake" refers to a physical response that a person has when he is extremely angry. As Jerusalem was doing these things, she did not think about what Yahweh had done when she was young.

behold!

The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.

Ezekiel 16:44

General Information:

Behold!

The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.

Ezekiel 16:45

who detested her husband

"who hated her husband"

Your mother was a Hittite, and your father was an Amorite

The Amorites and Hittites were both pagan people groups who lived in the land before the people of Israel conquered it. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem's father and mother belonging to these people groups to express that she was born into idolatry. See how you translated these phrases in Ezekiel 16:3. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:46

General Information:

Your older sister was Samaria ... your younger sister was the one living south of you, that is, Sodom

Samaria and Sodom were both cities that Yahweh had judged for their idolatry and wickedness. Yahweh speaks of these cities being Jerusalem's sisters to express that she belonged to a family that practiced idolatry and wickedness. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:47

General Information:

You not only walked in their ways

The way a person lives is spoken of as if the person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: "You not only acted like them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

copied their behavior and practices

Here the words "behavior" and "practices" mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "copied the things that they did" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:48

General Information:

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Ezekiel 16:49

General Information:

arrogant in her leisure, careless and unconcerned about anything

Yahweh describes Sodom as a rich woman who has more than enough food and lives in security. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

She did not strengthen the hands of the poor and needy people

Here the word "hands" represents the people who work with their hands. The words "poor" and "needy" emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. Alternate translation: "She did not help the people who could not help themselves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:50

General Information:

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Ezekiel 16:51

General Information:

you have shown that your sisters were better than you

Yahweh uses this phrase three times to emphasize that the wicked cities of Samaria and Sodom were more righteous than Jerusalem.

Ezekiel 16:52

Especially you, show your own shame

Yahweh uses this phrase twice to emphasize how shamefully the people of Jerusalem have acted.

show your own shame

"be ashamed" or "bear your disgrace"

Ezekiel 16:53

General Information:

Ezekiel 16:54

you will show your shame

"you will be ashamed" or "you will bear your disgrace"

you will be humiliated

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will humiliate you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

you will be a comfort to them

The noun "comfort" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "you will comfort Sodom and Samaria" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:55

your sister Sodom and her daughters will be restored to their former condition

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will restore your sister Sodom and her daughters to their former condition" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Samaria and her daughters will be restored to their former estate

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will restore your sister Samaria and her daughters to their former estate" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

estate

"condition"

you and your daughters will be restored to your former condition

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will restore you and your daughters to your former condition" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:56

General Information:

Sodom your sister was not even mentioned by your mouth

Here the word "mouth" represents the person who speaks. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "You did not even mention your sister Sodom" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:57

before your wickedness was revealed

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "before you revealed your wickedness" or "before I revealed your wickedness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

you are an object of scorn

This refers to Jerusalem as something people talk badly about.

the daughters of Edom and to all the daughters of the Philistines

Here Yahweh speaks of the cities of Edom and Philistia as if they were the daughters of Edom and of the Philistines. The cities represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: "the Edomite people and to all the Philistine people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

despise

hate very much

Ezekiel 16:58

this is Yahweh's declaration

Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 5:11. Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:59

General Information:

despised your oath by breaking the covenant

Jerusalem broke her marriage covenant with Yahweh, thereby showing that she did not care about the oaths that she had made to him. Alternate translation: "despised your oath to me by breaking the covenant that you made with me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:60

General Information:

call to mind

This idiom means to remember. Alternate translation: "remember" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

made in the days of your youth

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that I made with you when you were young" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 16:61

General Information:

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Ezekiel 16:62

know that I am Yahweh

Ezekiel 16:63

call everything to mind

This idiom means to remember. Alternate translation: "remember everything" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

you will no longer open your mouth to speak because of your shame

This means that Jerusalem will be too ashamed to speak.

Ezekiel 17

Ezekiel 17:intro-0

Ezekiel 17 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Breaking allegiance

The king of Judah had vowed to obey Babylon but instead he followed Egypt. Therefore, God said he would not prosper. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/vow.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphor

Judah is compared to a vine that grows one direction and then another. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 17:1

General Information:

Ezekiel reports a message that God gives him.

The word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 17:2

Son of man

present a riddle and speak a parable

"give them a puzzle to think about" or "tell this story as an illustration"

the house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 17:3

long pinions, full of feathers

"the ends of its wings were long and full of feathers." The word "pinion" means the outer end of the wings.

that was multicolored

The eagle's feathers were many different colors.

Ezekiel 17:4

It broke off the tips of the branches

"It broke off the highest part of the tree"

took them

"took the top of the tree" or "took the branches"

he planted it in a city of merchants

"he planted it in a city that had many merchants." A merchant is a person who sells things.

Ezekiel 17:5

General Information:

This is a continuation of the parable about the eagle.

He also took

The word "he" is the eagle in the parable.

fertile soil

"good ground"

He placed it beside a large body of water

"the eagle planted the seed in a place where there was a lot of water"

planted it ... like a willow

Willow trees grow in places where there is a lot of water. If the eagle planted the seed like a willow, it means that he planted it in a place with a lot of water. Alternate translation: "and planted the seed like one would plant a willow tree by water" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 17:6

Then it sprouted

"Then the seed began to grow into a plant"

a spreading vine low to the ground

"a vine that spreads out on the ground"

Its branches turned toward him

The branches of the vine turned toward the eagle. This means that they began to grow upward towards the sky.

its roots grew under it

Possible meanings are 1) "its roots grew under itself into the ground" or "the roots of the vine grew under the eagle."

So it became a vine

"That is how the vine grew"

produced branches and sent out shoots

"grew branches and spread its shoots"

Ezekiel 17:7

General Information:

The introductory "but" shows that a different eagle is being described other than the one before.

another great eagle

"another large eagle"

Behold!

The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.

This vine turned its roots toward the eagle

Yahweh speaks of the vine as if it were able to behave like a person and intentionally turned its roots toward the other eagle to receive nourishment from it. Alternate translation: "The roots of the vine grew toward the eagle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

from the place it had been planted so it would be watered

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "from the place that the first eagle had planted it so that it would have water" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 17:8

It had been planted

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The first eagle had planted the vine" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 17:9

Will it prosper?

Yahweh asks this as a leading question to emphasize the negative answer. This can be translated as as statement. Alternate translation: "It will not prosper." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Will it not be uprooted and stripped of its fruit so that it withers, and all its fresh growth will wither?

Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the vine will certainly be judged. The question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone will pull up its roots and pluck out its fruit so all of its growth of leaves will wither away." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

No strong arm or many people will be needed to pull it out

The phrase "strong arm" represents a strong person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "There will be no need for a strong person or many people to pull it out" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 17:10

behold

"look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

will it grow?

Yahweh asks this as a leading question to emphasize the negative answer. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "It will not grow." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Will it not wither when the eastern wind touches it?

Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that this will certainly happen. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "It will wither when the eastern wind touches it." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

when the eastern wind touches it

"when the eastern wind blows on it"

Ezekiel 17:11

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 17:12

the rebellious house

This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:5. Alternate translation: "the rebellious people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Do you not know what these things mean?

Yahweh asks this as a leading question in order to provide the answer. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "This is what these things mean." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Behold

"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

her king and her princes

The word "her" refers to Jerusalem.

Ezekiel 17:13

brought him under an oath

"made him swear an oath"

Ezekiel 17:14

so the kingdom might become lowly and not lift itself up

The kingdom being small and weak is spoken of as if it were lowly and being large and powerful as if it lifted itself up. Alternate translation: "so the kingdom might remain small and not become great" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the land will survive

Here the word "land" represents the kingdom of Judah and the people in it. Alternate translation: "the kingdom will continue to exist" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 17:15

General Information:

Yahweh speaks about the king of Jerusalem rebelling against the king of Babylon.

Will he succeed?

Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the negative answer. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "He will certainly not succeed." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Will the one doing these things escape?

Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the negative answer. This may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "The one doing these things will not escape." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

If he breaks the covenant, will he escape?

Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the negative answer. This question can be translated as as statement. Alternate translation: "If he breaks the covenant, he will certainly not escape." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Ezekiel 17:16

the land of the king who made him king, the king whose oath he despised

"the land of the king of Babylon who made him King of Judah, the king of Babylon whose oath he despised"

Ezekiel 17:17

General Information:

Yahweh speaking about the king of Jerusalem.

his mighty army and a great company of men

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how large and strong Pharaoh's army is. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

will not help him

Here the word "him" refers to the king of Judah.

siege walls

this refers to a tower with ladders that can be placed next to a wall and allow soldiers to get over the wall and into the city.

to cut off many lives

"to kill many people"

Ezekiel 17:18

Behold, he reached out

"He did something even worse than that: he reached out"

reached out with his hand to make a promise

This refers to taking hold of another person's hand as a sign of friendship and agreement. Here it represents the covenant oath that he made with the king of Babylon. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

Ezekiel 17:19

was it not my oath that he despised and my covenant that he broke?

Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the affirmative answer. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "it was my oath that the king of Jerusalem despised and my covenant that he broke." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

I will bring his punishment on his head

The idiom "bring ... on his head" means that he will experience this punishment. See how you translated this idiom in Ezekiel 11:21. Alternate translation: "I will cause him to suffer his punishment" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 17:20

I will spread my net out over him, and he will be caught in my hunting net

Yahweh speaks of enabling the enemy army to capture the king as if he were trapping the king in a net. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

he will be caught in my hunting net

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will catch him in my hunting net" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 17:21

All of his refugees ... armies will fall by the sword

The word "fall" is a euphemism for "die." Here the word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people with swords. Alternate translation: "Soldiers will kill all his refugees ... armies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the ones who remain will be scattered in every direction

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the ones who remain alive will flee in every direction" or "the enemy soldiers will scatter in every directions the ones who remain alive" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

know that I am Yahweh

Ezekiel 17:22

General Information:

Yahweh resumes the parable that he had told in Ezekiel 17:1 and speaks about Jerusalem as if it were a branch that he plants on the mountains of Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 17:23

bear branches

"grow new branches"

Ezekiel 17:24

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a branch that he plants on the mountains of Israel and of other nations as if they were other trees. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Then all the trees of the field will know that I am Yahweh

Yahweh speaks of trees as if they are people who can know about him. The trees represent the nations and the people who live in them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I bring down the high trees and I raise up the low trees

"I cut down the tall trees and I cause the little trees to grow"

wither

when a plant dries up and dies.

Ezekiel 18

Ezekiel 18:intro-0

Ezekiel 18 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Inherited Guilt

God does not punish children for the sins of their parents, but only punishes them for their own sins. Despite this, the parents' sins may still have consequences for their children. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]])

Ezekiel 18:1

The word of Yahweh came to me again

The phrase "the word of Yahweh came" is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke to me again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:2

What do you mean, you who use this proverb ... 'Fathers eat sour grapes, and the children's teeth are made blunt'?

Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel something he already knows. The question is a rebuke for the people who use the proverb. Alternate translation: "The people in the land of Israel have this proverb ... 'Fathers eat sour grapes, and the children's teeth are made blunt'." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

What do you mean, you who use this proverb

Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

land of Israel

This refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Fathers eat sour grapes, and the children's teeth are made blunt

This proverbs means that children experience the consequences of their parents' actions. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-proverbs/01.md]])

the children's teeth are made blunt

The idiom "teeth are made blunt" refers to the sour taste in one's mouth that is a result of eating unripe or sour fruit. Alternate translation: "the children get a sour taste in their mouths" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:3

General Information:

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Ezekiel 18:4

Behold!

The word "Behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.

The soul who sins

Here the word "soul" represents the person. Alternate translation: "The person who sins" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:5

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 18:6

he does not eat upon the mountains

People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has not participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. Alternate translation: "he does not eat meat sacrificed to idols on the mountains" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

lift up his eyes to the idols

The idiom "lift up his eyes" refers to looking toward something. With reference to idols, this gesture represents worshiping or praying to idols. Alternate translation: "worship the idols" or "pray to the idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

the house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

approach a woman during her monthly period

It is implicit that he has not approached a woman in order to sleep with her. Alternate translation: "tried to sleep with a woman during her monthly period" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:7

gives back to the debtor what was put up as security for a loan

"returns to the debtor the item that the debtor gave him as security for the loan"

Ezekiel 18:8

General Information:

Yahweh continues to describe the actions of the righteous man.

interest

This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret "any interest" in this passage as "too much interest."

establishes faithfulness between people

This means that he judges fairly the disputes that may arise between people.

Ezekiel 18:9

that man walks in my statutes

Yahweh speaks of a person obeying his statutes as if the statutes were a path in which the person walks. Alternate translation: "that man obeys my statutes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:10

who sheds blood

This phrase represents murder in any form. Alternate translation: "who murders" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

any one of these things

This refers to the sinful actions that Yahweh had mentioned beginning in Ezekiel 18:5.

Ezekiel 18:11

eats upon the mountains

People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 18:5. Alternate translation: "eats meat sacrificed to idols upon the mountains" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:12

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak about the violent son.

the poor and needy

The words "poor" and "needy" share similar meanings and emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

he lifts up his eyes to the idols

The idiom "lifts up his eyes" refers to looking toward something. With reference to idols, this gesture represents worshiping or praying to idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 18:6. Alternate translation: "he worships the idols" or "he prays to the idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:13

interest

This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret "any interest" in this passage as "too much interest."

should that man live? Surely he will not!

Yahweh asks this as a leading question in order to emphasize the negative answer. Alternate translation: "he will certainly not live!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

his blood will be on him

Here the word "blood" represents death. For blood to be on a person is an idiom that means the person is responsible for that death. Alternate translation: "he will be responsible for his own death" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:14

behold!

The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows.

Ezekiel 18:15

That son does not eat upon the mountains

People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has not participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 18:6. Alternate translation: "That son does not eat meat sacrificed to idols upon the mountains" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

he does not lift up his eyes to the idols

The idiom "lifted up his eyes" refers to looking toward something. With reference to idols, this gesture represents worshiping or praying to idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 18:6. Alternate translation: "he does not worship the idols" or "he does not pray to the idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

the house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:16

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak about the son who does not commit the same sins as his father.

Ezekiel 18:17

interest

This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret "interest" in this passage as "too much interest."

walks according to my statutes

Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if his statutes were a path in which the person walks. Alternate translation: "obeys my statutes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:18

General Information:

Yahweh speaks about the son's father who has not obeyed God's law.

extortion

to take something from someone else by using threats or force.

robbed his brother

"robbed his fellow Israelite"

behold, he

"pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: he"

in his iniquity

"because of his iniquity"

Ezekiel 18:19

Why does the son not bear the iniquity of his father?

Yahweh speaks of a person being responsible for or guilty of iniquity as if the iniquity were an object that the person carries. Alternate translation: "Why is the son not responsible for the iniquity of his father?" or "Why is the son not guilty of the iniquity of his father?" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:20

The righteousness of the one who acts rightly will be on himself

For righteousness to be on a person is an idiom that means the person is responsible for that righteousness. Alternate translation: "The one who acts rightly will be responsible for his own righteousness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

the wickedness of the wicked will be on himself

For wickedness to be on a person is an idiom that means the person is responsible for that wickedness. Alternate translation: "the wicked person will be responsible for his own wickedness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:21

General Information:

Yahweh speaking of the wicked person who changes and does what is righteous.

Ezekiel 18:22

All the transgressions that he has committed will not be called to mind against him

The idiom "call to mind" means to remember. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will not remember all the transgressions that he has committed and will not hold them against him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

by the righteousness that he practices

"because of the righteous things he has done"

Ezekiel 18:23

General Information:

Yahweh speaks about his desire for wicked people.

Do I greatly rejoice over the death of the wicked ... and not in his turning away from his way so that he may live?

Yahweh asks this rhetorical question in order to emphasize the opposite. Alternate translation: "I do not greatly rejoice over the death of the wicked ... but I do greatly rejoice if he turns away from his way so that he may live." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

not in his turning away from his way

Yahweh speaks of a person's lifestyle or behavior as if it were a way on which the person walks. The idiom "to turn away" from something means to stop doing that thing. Alternate translation: "not in his ceasing to live the way that he lives" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:24

General Information:

Yahweh gives an example of a man who turns from righteousness to wickedness.

then will he live?

Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer. Alternate translation: "then he will surely not live." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

All the righteousness that he had done will not be called to mind

The idiom "call to mind" means to remember. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will not remember all the righteousness that he had done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

treason

crime done against a country or against God, by someone who is expected to be loyal

he will die in the sins

"he will die because of the sins"

Ezekiel 18:25

house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Are my ways unfair?

Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer. Alternate translation: "My ways are not unfair." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Is it not your ways that are unfair?

Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer. Alternate translation: "It is your ways that are unfair." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:26

dies because of them ... die in the iniquity that he has done

These phrases repeat the thought of a man dying because of his sin to express that it was his fault and the fault of no one else. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:27

General Information:

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Ezekiel 18:28

he has seen

Yahweh speaks of the person thinking about and understanding something as if the person were seeing it. Alternate translation: "he has considered" or "he has understood" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:29

General Information:

Yahweh continues to teach the people of Israel why his way is fair.

house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

The way of the Lord is not fair ... How is my way not fair ... It is your ways that are not fair

Actions or behaviors are spoken of as if they were a way or path that a person travels. Alternate translation: "The Lord does not act fairly ... How do I not act fairly ... It is you who do not act fairly" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:30

according to his ways

Yahweh speaks of a person's actions as if the person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: "according to his actions" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

turn away from all your transgressions so that they will not be stumbling blocks of iniquity against you

Yahweh speaks of "transgressions" causing people to rebel against him as if they were blocks over which the people stumble. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

stumbling blocks of iniquity against you

Possible meanings are 1) the stumbling blocks cause the person to commit more iniquity. Alternate translation: "stumbling blocks that cause you to commit more iniquity" or 2) The word "iniquity" is a metonym for the punishment that a person receives for his iniquity. Alternate translation: "stumbling blocks that lead to your punishment" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:31

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.

Throw away from yourselves all of the transgressions that you have committed

Yahweh speaks of the people determining to stop committing transgressions as if the transgressions were objects, such as clothing, that they removed and threw away. Alternate translation: "Get rid of all of the transgressions that you have committed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

make for yourselves a new heart and a new spirit

Here the word "heart" represents the will and emotions and the word "spirit" represents the thoughts and disposition. Yahweh speaks of the people having new emotions and thoughts as if they were making a new heart and spirit for themselves. Alternate translation: "get for yourselves new emotions and a new way of thinking" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Why should you die, house of Israel?

Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to comfort the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "There is no reason for you to die, house of Israel." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 18:32

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 19

Ezekiel 19:intro-0

Ezekiel 19 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Judah destroyed

The first king was taken as a captive to Egypt, the next was taken as a captive to Babylon. Now Judah is not prospering.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphor

The kings of Judah are compared to man-eating lions. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 19:1

General Information:

Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to the people of Israel. He tells a story where the nation of Israel is a lioness and some of the past kings in the kingdom of Judah are her cubs. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

take up a lamentation

This idiom means to sing a lamentation. Alternate translation: "sing a lamentation" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 19:2

Who was your mother?

Yahweh asks this ask a leading question in order to introduce the answer. Alternate translation: "This is who your mother is." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

lioness

a female lion

Ezekiel 19:3

General Information:

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Ezekiel 19:4

He was caught in their trap

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They caught him in their trap" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 19:5

General Information:

Yahweh continues to describe the nation of Israel as a lioness and the kings of the kingdom of Judah as her cubs. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 19:6

General Information:

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Ezekiel 19:7

He seized their widows

"He seized the widows of the men whom he devoured"

The land and its fullness were abandoned

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "People abandoned the land and its fullness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

its fullness

"everything in it"

Ezekiel 19:8

General Information:

from the surrounding provinces

"from the provinces surrounding the land of Israel"

He was caught in their trap

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They caught him in their trap" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 19:9

his voice would no longer be heard

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "people would no longer hear his voice" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 19:10

General Information:

Yahweh speaks of the nation of Israel as though it was the mother of the leaders of Israel. Here he begins to tell a story where she is a prosperous vine. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

a vine planted in your blood

Possible meanings are that "blood" represents 1) the violence of the kings of Judah who had murdered people. Alternate translation: "a vine planted by means of violence" or 2) The plentiful wine of Judah which had become a symbol of prosperity. Alternate translation: "a vine planted in your prosperity" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-symlanguage/01.md]])

Ezekiel 19:11

strong branches that were used for rulers' scepters

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "branches strong enough that people used them for rulers' scepters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

its height was seen by the greatness of its foliage

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "people could see how tall it was by the greatness of its foliage" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 19:12

General Information:

Yahweh continues to tell a story in which the nation of Israel is a vine. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the vine was uprooted in fury and thrown down

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh uprooted the vine in fury and threw it down" or "people uprooted the vine in fury and threw it down" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Its strong branches were broken off and withered

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh broke off its strong branches and they withered" or "People broke off its strong branches and they withered" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 19:13

in a land of drought and thirst

The very dry land is spoken of as if it were thirsty. Alternate translation: "in a very dry land of drought" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 19:14

General Information:

Yahweh continues to tell a story in which the nation of Israel is a vine. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

no scepter to rule

The implicit information may be supplied from Ezekiel 19:11. Alternate translation: "no branch strong enough for a ruler's scepter" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

will be sung as a lamentation

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you must sing it as a lamentation" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20

Ezekiel 20:intro-0

Ezekiel 20 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Rebels cannot ask for help

The people of Israel have rebelled against God again and again. Now they cannot come to God for help in their troubles.

Ezekiel 20:1

It came about

This phrase is used to mark the beginning of a new part of the story.

in the seventh year

The implicit information may be supplied. Alternate translation: "in the seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the tenth day of the fifth month

This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of August on Western calendars. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-hebrewmonths/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

before me

"in front of me"

Ezekiel 20:2

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 20:3

Son of man

As I live

"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 5:11. Alternate translation: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Have you come to inquire of me?

Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the elders should not be inquiring of him. Alternate translation: "You should not come to inquire of me." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 20:4

Will you judge them? Will you judge, son of man?

Yahweh asks Ezekiel the same question twice in order to secure Ezekiel's commitment to pronounce the judgement. Alternate translation: "Are you ready to pronounce judgment on them, son of man?" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:5

I ... raised my hand to swear an oath

Here "raised my hand" is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. Alternate translation: "I ... solemnly swore an oath" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

the house of Jacob

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Jacob over many years. Translate "the house of" as in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:6

It was flowing with milk and honey

"It was a land where plenty of milk and honey flowed." Yahweh speaks of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: "It was land that was excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the most beautiful ornament among all the lands

The lands in which people live are spoken of as if they are jewelry or other things that are pleasant to look at. Alternate translation: "the most beautiful of all lands" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:7

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel.

to them

"to the descendants of the house of Jacob"

the detestable things from before his eyes

Yahweh speaks of the people worshiping the detestable things as if they had placed those idols in front of their eyes. Alternate translation: "the detestable things that he worships" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the idols of Egypt

"throw away the idols of Egypt"

Do not make yourselves unclean

A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:8

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel.

they rebelled against me

The word "they" refers to "the descendants of the house of Jacob."

were unwilling to listen to me

"would not obey me"

the detestable things from before his eyes

Yahweh speaks of the people worshiping the detestable things as if they had placed those idols in front of their eyes. Alternate translation: "the detestable things that he worshiped" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

to pour out my fury upon them

Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury by punishing them as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out on them. Alternate translation: "to act against them in my fury" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:9

for my name's sake

Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. Alternate translation: "for the sake of my reputation" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so that the people would not profane it in the eyes of the nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

in the eyes

The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "in the opinion" or "in the judgment" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the nations

The word "nations" is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. Alternate translation: "the people who live in other nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

they were staying

"they were living"

I made myself known to them, in their eyes

Here the word "them" refers to the nations. The idiom "in their eyes" refers to being in a position where people can see. Alternate translation: "I revealed myself to them, in their presence" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

bringing them

"bringing the people of Israel"

Ezekiel 20:10

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel.

I sent them

The word "them" refers to "the descendants of the house of Jacob."

Ezekiel 20:11

General Information:

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Ezekiel 20:12

know that I am Yahweh

Ezekiel 20:13

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel.

They did not walk in my statutes

Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if the statutes were a path along which a person walks. Alternate translation: "They did not obey my statutes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I would pour out my fury upon them

Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury by punishing them as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out on them. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 20:8. Alternate translation: "I would act against them in my fury" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in order to end them

The euphemism "to end them" refers to killing them. Alternate translation: "in order to kill them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:14

I acted for my name's sake

Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 20:9. Alternate translation: "I acted for the sake of my reputation" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations

This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 20:9. Alternate translation: "so that the people would not profane it in the eyes of the nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

in the eyes of the nations

Here the "nations" refer to the people who live in those places. The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 20:9. Alternate translation: "in the thoughts of the people in other nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in whose sight I had brought them out of Egypt

"in whose presence I brought my people out of Egypt"

Ezekiel 20:15

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel.

I myself also raised my hand to swear an oath

Here "raised my hand" is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 20:5. Alternate translation: "I myself also solemnly swore an oath" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

to them

"to the house of Israel"

a land flowing with milk and honey

"a land where plenty of milk and honey flowed." Yahweh speaks of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 20:6. Alternate translation: "a land that was excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the most beautiful ornament among all the lands

The lands in which people live are spoken of as if they are jewelry or other things that are pleasant to look at. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 20:6. Alternate translation: "the most beautiful of all lands" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:16

did not walk in my statutes

Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if they were a path along which a person walks. Alternate translation: "did not obey my statutes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

their hearts walked after their idols

Here the word "heart" represents the person's thoughts and emotions. Yahweh speaks of being dedicated to idols as if a person's heart walked after them. Alternate translation: "they were dedicated to worshiping their idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:17

my eye spared them

Here the word "eye" represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: "I spared them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:18

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel.

Do not walk in the statutes of your fathers

Yahweh speaks of a person obeying statutes as if the statutes were paths along with a person walks. Alternate translation: "Do not obey the statutes of your parents" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:19

walk in my statutes

Yahweh speaks of a person obeying statutes as if the statutes were paths along with a person walks. Alternate translation: "Do not obey the statutes of your parents ... obey my statutes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

keep my decrees and obey them

To "keep" Yahweh's decrees is the same as to "obey them." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:20

General Information:

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Ezekiel 20:21

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel.

They did not walk in my statutes

Yahweh speaks of a person obeying his statutes as if the statutes were a path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: "They did not obey my statutes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

to pour out my fury upon them

Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury by punishing them as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out on them. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 20:8. Alternate translation: "to act against them in my fury" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:22

I turned my hand away

Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh and turning his hand away means that he does not do what he was going to do. Alternate translation: "But I did not do that" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

for my name's sake

Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. Alternate translation: "for the sake of my reputation" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations

in the eyes of the nations

Here the "nations" refer to the people who live in those places. The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "in the thoughts of the people in other nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:23

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel.

I myself also lifted up my hand to swear

Here "lifted up my hand" is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. Alternate translation: "I myself also solemnly swore" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

scatter them among the nations and disperse them among the lands

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 12:15. Alternate translation: "cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:24

Their eyes were longing after their fathers' idols

Here the word "eyes" represents the person who looks to the idols to worship them. Alternate translation: "They were longing after their fathers' idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:25

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel.

Then I also gave them statutes that were not good, and decrees by which they could not live

The words statutes in this phrase do not refer to God's law. God permitted them to live by human laws and judgments that were not good.

gave them

The word "them" refers to the children of those whom Yahweh brought out of Egypt.

Ezekiel 20:26

they made a sacrifice of every firstborn of the womb

The phrase "firstborn of the womb" refers to the firstborn child of a woman. The phrase "made a sacrifice" can be translated with the verb "sacrifice." Alternate translation: "they sacrificed every woman's firstborn child" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:27

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Ezekiel 20:28

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Ezekiel 20:29

What is this high place where you bring offerings there?

Yahweh asks this question in order to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: "This is not a high place where you are to bring offerings!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

the name is called Bamah

The name "Bamah" means "high place," a place for worshiping idols. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "people have called that place Bamah" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:30

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.

Why do you make yourselves unclean with the ways of your fathers?

Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: "You should not make yourselves unclean by doing the things that your fathers did." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Why do you make yourselves unclean

A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

So why do you act like prostitutes, searching for disgusting things?

Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: "You should not act like prostitutes, searching for disgusting things." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

why do you act like prostitutes

Yahweh speaks of the people being unfaithful to him as if they were acting like women who sleep with men to whom they are not married. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:31

So why should I let you seek me, house of Israel?

Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: "I will not let you come close to me, house of Israel." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:32

General Information:

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Ezekiel 20:33

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.

with a mighty hand, a raised arm

The words "hand" and "arm" both represent power. Alternate translation: "with very great power" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

fury that will be poured out on you

Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury as if the fury were a liquid that he pours on on the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "fury that I will pour out on you" or "I will express my fury towards you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:34

among whom you have been scattered

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "among whom I have scattered you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:35

General Information:

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Ezekiel 20:36

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.

Ezekiel 20:37

I will cause you to pass under my rod

This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his staff. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will count his people whom he gathers from the nations to ensure that they are all present. Alternate translation: "I will count you carefully as a shepherd counts his sheep" or 2) Yahweh will inspect each person as they pass under his staff in order to separate the faithful from the unfaithful. Alternate translation: "I will inspect you carefully as a shepherd inspects his sheep" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:38

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Ezekiel 20:39

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.

house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

to listen to me

"to obey me" or "to pay attention to me"

profane my holy name

Here the word "name" represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: "dishonor me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:40

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.

to require your offerings

"to require you to bring your offerings"

the firstfruits of your tribute

Yahweh speaks of the best things among all that they give to him as if they were "firstfruits." Alternate translation: "the best of your contributions" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

your holy things

"the offerings that you set aside to give to me"

Ezekiel 20:41

I will accept you like fragrant incense

Yahweh speaks of his people worshiping him as they should as if the people themselves were the incense offering. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

bring you out from the peoples and gather you out of the countries

These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will bring his people back from all of the nations to which he had scattered them. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 20:34. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

where you have been scattered

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "where I have scattered you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:42

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.

I have lifted up my hand to swear

Here "lifted up my hand" is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. Alternate translation: "I have solemnly sworn" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:43

you will call to mind

This idiom means to remember. Alternate translation: "you will remember" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

you defiled yourselves

A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were defiled. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you will despise yourselves in your own eyes

Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "you will hate yourselves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:44

because of my name's sake

Here the word "name" represents Yahweh's reputation. Alternate translation: "because of my reputation" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:45

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 20:46

set your face toward the southern lands

This is a command to stare at the southern lands as a symbol of punishing the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 4:3. Alternate translation: "Stare at the southern lands" or "Stare at the southern lands so that they will be harmed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

set your face

Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze, and "set your face" represents staring. Alternate translation: "stare" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:47

The fiery flame will not be quenched

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The fiery flame will not go out" or "No one will be able to quench the fiery flame" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

every face from the south to the north will be burned

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the fire will burn every face from the south to the north" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

every face from the south to the north

Here the word "face" represents the person. By mentioning the opposite directions, Yahweh refers to everyone who lives in the north, in the south, and everywhere in between. Alternate translation: "every person who lives in that area" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:48

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the forest of the Negev.

all flesh will see

Here the word "flesh" represents all humans. The idiom to "see" means to understand. Alternate translation: "all people will understand" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

it will not be quenched

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "it will not go out" or "no one will quench it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 20:49

Alas

a word that expresses distress or grief

Is he not a mere teller of parables?

The people use this question to insult Ezekiel and dismiss what he is telling them. Alternate translation: "He is merely telling parables" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21

Ezekiel 21:intro-0

Ezekiel 21 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Refusing to learn

Judah has refused to learn from their punishment, so God is about to destroy the nation in war.

Ezekiel 21:1

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 21:2

Son of man

"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity or "Mortal person" or "Human." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:1.

set your face toward Jerusalem

This is a command to stare at Jerusalem as a symbol of punishing the people there. Alternate translation: "stare at Jerusalem" or "stare at Jerusalem so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

set your face toward Jerusalem

Jerusalem was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming it. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 6:2 Alternate translation: "Turn toward Jerusalem and stare" or "stare toward Jerusalem so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:3

I will draw my sword from its sheath and cut off both the righteous person and the wicked person from you

This speaks of Yahweh causing these people to die as if he actually killed them with his own sword. Alternate translation: "I am opposed to you, and it will be as though I pull my sword from its sheath to kill both the righteous and the wicked people among you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the righteous person and the wicked person

"righteous people and wicked people." This refers to multiple people, not just one righteous person and one wicked person.

sheath

something that holds and covers a sword when no one is using it

cut off

This is a euphemism that means to kill. Alternate translation: "kill" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:4

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the land of Israel.

cut off

This is a euphemism that means to kill. Alternate translation: "kill" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

the righteous ... the wicked

This refers to righteous and wicked people. Alternate translation: "those who are righteous ... those who are wicked" or "the righteous people ... the wicked people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

from you

"among you"

my sword will go out from its sheath against

This speaks of Yahweh causing these people to die as if he actually killed them with his own sword. Alternate translation: "it will be as though I pull my sword from its sheath and strike" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

all flesh

Here "flesh" is a metonym for "people." Alternate translation: "all people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

from the south to the north

This is a merism that refers to the area to the north, and to the south, and all places in between. Alternate translation: "in every direction" or "everywhere" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:5

that I, Yahweh, have drawn my sword from its sheath

This speaks of Yahweh causing people to die as if he actually killed them with his own sword. Alternate translation: "it is as though I, Yahweh, have struck people with my sword" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

It will no longer hold back

This speaks of Yahweh not holding back his sword from attacking people as if his sword were a person that was no longer holding itself back from attacking. Alternate translation: "and I will not put it back in its sheath again" or "I will not hold back from attacking people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:6

General Information:

Yahweh is speaking to Ezekiel.

groan as your loins break

Yahweh tells Ezekiel to groan as a sign to accompany his message. He tells him to groan deeply as if his abdomen was in great pain. "groan deeply as if your loins were in great pain" or "groan deeply with great sorrow" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

In bitterness groan

"With great grief" or "With great sorrow"

before their eyes

Here the Israelites are referred to by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: "before them" or "before the Israelite people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:7

the news that is coming

This speaks of the "news" as if it were a person that was soon coming to them. Alternate translation: "the news that they will soon hear" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

for every heart will faint away

This speaks of people becoming afraid, as if their hearts were fainting. Also, this speaks of the people fainting as a result of fear. Alternate translation: "for everyone will become fearful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

will falter

"will be weak"

Every spirit will grow faint

This speaks of people becoming fearful in their spirits as if their spirits were about to faint. Alternate translation: "Everyone will be fearful in their inner being" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

every knee will flow like water

"every knee will be as weak as water." This is a euphemism for people being so afraid that they lose their bladder control and urinate on themselves. Alternate translation: "every leg will be wet with urine" or "everyone will lose control of their urine" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 21:8

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 21:9

A sword! A sword! It will be sharpened and polished!

This passage describes the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for an enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. This metaphor begins here and continues through Ezekiel 21:17. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

It will be sharpened and polished

This phrase indicates that the sword is ready for someone to use it. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "It is sharp and polished" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

polished

Someone made the sword smooth, shiny, and clean by rubbing it with a rough material.

Ezekiel 21:10

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

It will be sharpened ... It will be polished in order to

These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will sharpen it ... I will polish it so that it will" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

in order to be like lightning

This means that the sword will be so shiny that light reflects off of it easily and brightly. Alternate translation: "so that it flashes like lightning" or "so that light reflects off of it as brightly as lightning" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Should we rejoice in my son's scepter?

This rhetorical question emphasizes that the people of Israel will not celebrate their king's power, because it cannot resist the "sword." Alternate translation: "The people of Judah will not celebrate about their king's scepter." or "we should not celebrate the power of our king's scepter." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Should we

The word "we" refers to Ezekiel and the people of Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])

in my son's scepter

Here Yahweh refers to the king of Judah as his son. The king's scepter represents his rule as king. It is important to maintain the image of the king's scepter here, as the words "every such rod" refer to the scepter. Alternate translation: "in the king's scepter" or "in the power that the king's scepter represents" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

The coming sword hates every such rod

Here the "sword" is personified as coming to attack the people. This speaks of the king not being able to resist the "sword", as if the "sword" were hating the king's scepter. Alternate translation: "the sword will overpower his scepter like that of any other ruler" or "for the king will not be able to resist when the sword is brought against him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

such rod

This phrase is used to mock the king's scepter by calling it a "rod." Alternate translation: "such scepter" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:11

the sword will be given to be polished

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will polish the sword" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

then to be grasped by the hand

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "then the right person will hold it in his hand" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

it is to be given into the hand of the one who kills

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "it is ready for the killer to use" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:12

Connecting Statement:

that sword has come against my people! It is against all

This speaks of Yahweh's sword attacking his people as if the sword itself were the attacker. Alternate translation: "I will use my sword to kill my people! I will bring it against all" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

They are thrown against the sword with my people

This speaks of the leaders of Israel being killed with a sword as if they are thrown against the sword. Alternate translation: "They are killed with the sword along with my people" or "The sword will kill them along with my people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

slap your thigh

In Ezekiel's culture, slapping one's thigh was a sign of grief. Some other translation use the gesture of beating one's breast which is a sign of grief in many cultures. Alternate translation: "beat your chests" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:13

the scepter

Here the king of Judah is represented by his scepter. Alternate translation: "the king" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

does not last

This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "cannot resist" or "is destroyed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:14

Connecting Statement:

hit your two hands together

This means for him to clap his hands as a sign of his grief. Alternate translation: "clap your hands to show that you are very sad" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

even a third time

This is an idiom that means multiple times. Alternate translation: "again and again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

A sword for the ones to be slaughtered

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "It is a sword for slaughtering people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

It is a sword for the many to be slaughtered

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "It is a sword for slaughtering many people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

piercing them everywhere

"attacking them from every side." Some Bibles translate this as "which enters into their rooms." This means no matter where they hide, the sword will kill them.

piercing them

The word "them" refers to the people of Jerusalem and of the land of Israel.

Ezekiel 21:15

Connecting Statement:

to melt their hearts

This speaks of causing the people to be so terrified that it is as if their hearts were melting. Alternate translation: "to fill them with terror" or "to cause them to be terrified" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

to multiply their fallen

Here "fallen" refers to the people killed in battle. This means there will be a greater number of people killed. Alternate translation: "to kill many people among them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

set the sword for slaughter

Here the sword of Yahweh represents men with swords that are to attack Jerusalem. Also, the word "slaughter" can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: "placed soldiers armed with swords at their gates, ready to slaughter the people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

their gates

The word "their" refers to the people of Jerusalem.

It is made like lightning

This compares how the sword is well polished and how it reflects light to appear like lightning. Alternate translation: "My sword is polished and flashes like lightning" or "It is polished and reflects light as being like lightning" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

it is grasped for slaughter

The sword of Yahweh represents the men with swords that are to attack Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "released to slaughter the people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:16

You, sword! Strike to the right! ... Go wherever your face is turned.

Here Yahweh speaks to those who will attack his people as if they could hear him and as if they were a sword that they would use in the attack. He does this to emphasize that he is in control of what is happening during the attack. The phrase "wherever your face is turned" is an idiom for "wherever you desire to go." Alternate translation: "I tell those attacking with swords, 'Strike to the right! ... Attack in every direction.'" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:17

hit my two hands together

"clap my hands." Here clapping hands is a sign of triumph. Alternate translation: "clap my hands in triumph" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:18

The word of Yahweh came to me again

The phrase "the word of Yahweh came" is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 18:1. Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke to me again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:19

the sword of the king of Babylon

The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: "the soldiers of the king of Babylon" or "the Babylonian army" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

a signpost will mark one of them as leading to a city

This is a sign posted where the road divides into two roads. Alternate translation: "a sign will be posted where the road divides into two roads" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:20

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 21:21

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message.

at the crossroads, at the junction

Both of these phrases refer to the place where the two roads meet. Alternate translation: "at the crossroads" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

He will shake some arrows and ask direction from some idols and he will examine a liver

These are divination practices.

Ezekiel 21:22

In his right hand will be an omen about Jerusalem

This means the he will hold one of the articles of his divination that was read as an omen against Jerusalem in his right hand. Alternate translation: "In his right hand will be an article of divination with an omen against Jerusalem" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

battering rams

A battering ram was a cut tree or large log with a sharpened end or an end covered in metal. It was held by several men who would pound the end against a wall.

to build a ramp

These were large dirt ramps that the Babylonian soldiers built so that they could get onto the walls of Jerusalem.

siege towers

These were wooden towers that the Babylonian soldiers built around Jerusalem to enable them to shoot arrows over the walls of Jerusalem.

Ezekiel 21:23

in the eyes of the ones in Jerusalem

The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "in the thoughts of the people in Jerusalem" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:24

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Jerusalem.

Because you have made your guilt to be remembered

"Because you remind me of your iniquity"

you will be taken in hand

This can be stated in active form. The "enemy's hand" represents the enemy's control. Alternate translation: "your enemy will take you in his hand" or "your enemies will capture you and take you into captivity" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:25

General Information:

Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Israel.

whose day of punishment has come

This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "whom Yahweh will now punish" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

whose time of committing iniquity has ended

"at the time when Yahweh ends iniquity"

Ezekiel 21:26

the turban

"the king's turban." A turban is a beautiful piece of cloth that kings wore wrapped on their heads as a symbol of their authority.

the lowly ... the exalted

This refers to people with low status and people who are exalted. Alternate translation: "those who are lowly ... those who are exalted" or "those with low status ... those with high status" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:27

It will not be restored

Here the crown represents the position of king. The kingship will not be restored until the Messiah comes. Alternate translation: "There will no longer be a king" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the one comes who is assigned

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the one comes who I assign" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:28

concerning their coming disgrace

The word "disgrace" can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: "about how he will disgrace them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

A sword, a sword is drawn! It is sharpened for the slaughter

This refers to the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the soldiers that Yahweh uses to kill a large number of people who have been disobedient to him. Alternate translation: "Swords! My soldiers have drawn their swords! They are sharpened for the slaughter" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

is drawn

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "is out of its sheath"

It is sharpened for the slaughter in order to devour

This speaks of the soldiers killing people as if they were animals devouring their prey. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "It is sharp in order to slaughter and to kill people"

so it will be like lightning

This means that the sword is so shiny that light reflects off of it easily and brightly. Alternate translation: "and light reflects off of it as brightly as lightning" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:29

empty visions for you ... with lies for you

"empty visions for you Ammonites ... with lies for you Ammonites." The word "you" refers to the people of Ammon. In the original Biblical language, the word "your" is feminine singular and refers to the nation of Ammon. Nations were often thought of as a woman. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-gendernotations/01.md]])

empty visions

This speaks of visions being false and meaningless as if they were empty containers. Alternate translation: "visions that are not true" or "false visions" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the wicked

This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: "those who are wicked" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

who are about to be killed

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "who are about to die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

whose day of punishment has come and whose time of iniquity is about to end

The phrases "day of" and "time of" are idioms. Alternate translation: "for the time has come for them to be punished and for their iniquity to end" or "for the time has come for me to punish them and for them to no longer be able to commit wickedness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:30

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Ammon.

Return the sword to its sheath

"Later the sword will be put back in its sheath." This speaks of the soldiers withdrawing from attacking Jerusalem, by saying that Yahweh's sword is put back in its sheath. Alternate translation: "But later the soldiers will return their swords to their sheaths, for the time of slaughter will be over" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

sheath

This is something that holds and covers a sword when no one is using it. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 21:3.

In the place of your creation

The word "creation" may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: "In the place that I created you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 21:31

I will pour out my indignation on you

This speaks of Yahweh punishing the Babylonians because of his indignation against them as if his indignation were a liquid that he poured out of a container upon them. Alternate translation: "I will punish you because of indignation against you" or "Out of my anger I will punish you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will fan the fire of my rage against you

This compares Yahweh's rage to a consuming fire. Alternate translation: "I will bring my rage upon you like a blazing fire" or "I will punish you in my fierce anger" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the hand of cruel men

The "hand" of the men refers to their control. Alternate translation: "the control of cruel men" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

craftsmen of destruction

"men who cause great destruction"

Ezekiel 21:32

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Ammon.

You will become fuel for the fire

"The fire will burn up your bodies"

Your blood will be in the midst of the land

"Your blood will soak into the ground of your land"

You will not be remembered

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "No one will remember you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22

Ezekiel 22:intro-0

Ezekiel 22 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Continuous evil

Murder, idolatry and all sorts of evil have been done in Jerusalem; so God will destroy the city and scatter the people among the nations. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])

Ezekiel 22:1

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 22:2

Now you, son of man, will you judge? Will you judge the city of blood?

This rhetorical question functions as a command. Alternate translation: "Son of man, go and judge. Go and judge the city of blood." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

son of man

the city of blood

The word "blood" is a metonym for murder. Alternate translation: "the city where many people murder their neighbors" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

her

The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. Cities were often thought of as a woman. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-gendernotations/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22:3

her ... herself

The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. Cities were often thought of as a woman. This continues through verse 32. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-gendernotations/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

This is a city that pours ... her midst

Here the "city" represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: "The people who live in this city pour ... its midst" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

that pours out blood in her midst

The word "blood" is a metonym for murder. Alternate translation: "where many people murder their neighbors" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

so that her time may come

This refers to the time when Yahweh will destroy them. Alternate translation: "so that the time of her destruction may come" or "so that the time may come for her to be destroyed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

unclean

A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22:4

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak through Ezekiel to the people of Jerusalem.

by the blood that you have poured out

This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. Alternate translation: "because you murdered innocent people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

unclean

A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

You have drawn your days to a close, and the end of your years has come

The images of days being brought to a close and years coming to an end are both idioms representing ending by death or by destruction. By saying that Jerusalem has brough her days to a close, Yahweh implies that Jerusalem would soon be destroyed because of the people's sin. Alternate translation: "Because of these things you have done, you are approaching the end of your time" or "You are bringing your existence to an end" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] )

have drawn your days to a close

"have brought your days to an end" or "have ended your life"

I will make you a reproach to the nations and a laughingstock to all the lands

This can be reworded so that the nouns "reproach" and "laughingstock" are expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: "I will make the nations reproach you and all the lands ridicule you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

a reproach

someone whom people disapprove of or rebuke

a laughingstock

a person whom people ridicule or mock

to all the lands

This generalization refers to the places who are familiar with Jerusalem and represents the people who live in these places. Alternate translation: "of the people of every nearby land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22:5

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 22:6

General Information:

Yahweh speaking about the ruler of Israel in Jerusalem.

Behold

"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

each one by his own power, have come

"have each used their authority to come to you."

come to you

Yahweh speaks to the city of Jerusalem itself as if it were a woman who could hear him speak. Alternate translation: "come to Jerusalem" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]])

to pour out blood

This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. Alternate translation: "to murder people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22:7

They have dishonored fathers

"The rules of Israel have dishonored their fathers"

within you ... in your midst ... within you

Yahweh speaks to the city of Jerusalem itself as if it were a woman who could hear him speak. Alternate translation: "within Jerusalem ... in the midst of Jerusalem ... within Jerusalem." The words "you" and "your" refer to Jerusalem.

performed oppression on

"oppressed"

Ezekiel 22:8

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 22:9

they eat on the mountains

Here "the mountains" refer to the altars on the mountains that are dedicated to idols. They men eat meat that has been sacrificed to the idols in order to be have the blessing of false gods. Alternate translation: "they eat the meat that has been sacrificed to idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

perform wickedness in your midst

"do evil things among you"

Ezekiel 22:10

General Information:

God continues to speak through Ezekiel about the terrible things that the people of Jerusalem have done. He speaks to the people of Jerusalem as if they were the city itself, and of the city of Jerusalem as if it were a woman. The word "you" is always feminine singular. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Within you

In all instances of this phrase, the writer refers to the people of Jerusalem as if they were the city itself, and of the city of Jerusalem as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: "within this city" or "among you people of Jerusalem" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

men uncover the nakedness of their father

This means that a son sleeps with his father's wife. Alternate translation: "there are men who sleep with their father's wife" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

they have violated unclean women during their menstrual period

These are all ways to express that the men have had slept with women they should not have and how sinful their actions are. Alternate translation: "They have raped unclean women during their menstrual period" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

unclean

A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. Women were considered to be unclean during their menstrual period. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22:11

commit abominations with their neighbors' wives ... make their own daughters-in-law shamefully unclean ... abuse their own sisters

These are all ways to express that the men have had slept with women they should not have and how sinful their actions are. Alternate translation: "commit abominations by sleeping with their neighbors' wives... make their own daughters-in-law shamefully unclean by sleeping with them ... rape their own sisters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22:12

to pour out blood

This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. Alternate translation: "to murder people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

interest

This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret "interest" in this passage as "too much interest."

you have damaged your neighbors through oppression

This means that they have oppressed their neighbors by charging them too much interest. Alternate translation: "you have oppressed your neighbors and made them poor" or "you have made your neighbors poor by charging too much interest" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

you have forgotten me

Refusing to obey Yahweh is like forgetting that he exists. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 22:13

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem by speaking directly to the city of Jerusalem as if it were a woman. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-apostrophe/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

With my hand I have struck

"I have shaken my fist against" or "I have clapped my hands against." This is a symbolic action that shows anger and disapproval. Alternate translation: "I have shown my anger and disapproval against" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

the bloodshed that is done in the midst of you

"the murder that people commit in you"

Ezekiel 22:14

Will your heart stand, will your hands be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you?

Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize how hurt they will be when he punishes them. This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Your heart will not stand and your hands will not be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Will your heart stand

Here the whole person is referred to by his "heart" to emphasize his emotions and will. Here the idea of "standing" is an idiom that means to be courageous. Alternate translation: "Will you stand" or "Will you be courageous" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

will your hands be strong

Here the whole person is referred to by his "hands." Alternate translation: "will you be strong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22:15

So I will scatter you among the nations and disperse you through the lands

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 12:15. Alternate translation: "So I will cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations"(See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

purge

remove something unwanted

uncleanness

the nations

Here the "nations" refer to the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: "the people in other nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22:16

So you will become unclean in the eyes of the nations

Here the "nations" refer to the people who live in those places. The "eyes" represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "So the nations will consider you unclean" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

know that I am Yahweh

Ezekiel 22:17

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 22:18

the house of Israel has

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelites have" or "the Israelite people group has" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

has become dross to me

Dross is the impurities that are left over after silver or gold has been purified in a furnace. Here Yahweh speaks of the people being worthless to him as if they were dross. Alternate translation: "has become as worthless to me as dross" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

All of them are the leftovers of bronze and tin ... like the dross of silver in your furnace

Yahweh continues to speaks about how the people have become worthless to him as if they were dross. Alternate translation: "All of them are as worthless as the leftover of bronze and tin, and iron and lead that remain after you melt silver in the furnace" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22:19

behold

"look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

Ezekiel 22:20

General Information:

God continues to describe his punishment of the people of Israel in Jerusalem as if they were metals that he was melting and purifying in a furnace. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will gather you in my anger and my wrath

The phrases with "anger" and "wrath" are used together to emphasize that he was extremely angry. Alternate translation: "Because of my great anger and wrath, I will gather you" or "I will be furiously angry with you, and I will gather you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22:21

I will gather you and blow on you the fire of my wrath

This is the image of a person gathering the metals in the furnace and blowing the fire to make it hotter. Yahweh speaks of the greatness of his wrath as if it were a fire that he was blowing to make it hotter. Alternate translation: "I will gather you, and my wrath will be like a fire that I will blow on you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22:22

you will be melted in it

The word "it" refers to Jerusalem.

have poured out my wrath on you

God speaks of punishing the people as if his wrath were a liquid that he would pour on them. Alternate translation: "have punished you in my anger" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22:23

General Information:

Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Jerusalem.

The word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 22:24

You are a land that has not been cleansed

This can be stated in active form. The word "land" here refers to Israel and to the people who live there. Alternate translation: "You are a land and a people that is unclean" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

not been cleansed

There is no rain on the day of wrath

Rain is used as an example of God's blessing. Alternate translation: "There is no blessing on the day of wrath" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22:25

There is a conspiracy of her prophets in her midst

The word "her" refers to Israel. Alternate translation: "The prophets within Israel plot conspiracies"

conspiracy

a secret plan made by two or more people to do something harmful or illegal

like a roaring lion tearing apart a victim. They consume life and take precious wealth

This compares the prophets of Israel to lions who attack and kill their victims. Alternate translation: "They kill people for they are like roaring lions who attack and kill their prey. They take peoples' precious wealth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

they make many widows within her

The word "her" refers to Israel. They "make many widows" by killing married men. Alternate translation: "they make many women into widows by killing their husbands" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22:26

do violence to my law

"disobey my laws"

the unclean and the clean

This refers to unclean and clean things. Something that God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: "things that are unclean and things that are clean" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

They hide their eyes from my Sabbaths

This speaks of the people ignoring and not observing the Sabbath and if they were hiding their eyes from the Sabbath" Alternate translation: "They ignore my Sabbaths" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

so that I am profaned in their midst

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "and profane me among themselves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22:27

her

This pronoun refers to Jerusalem.

Her princes within her are like wolves tearing apart their victims

This compares Israel's princes to wolves who attack and kill their victims. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

They pour out blood and destroy life

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the violence that the princes practice. Alternate translation: "They murder people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22:28

Her prophets have painted them over with whitewash

This speaks of the prophets trying to hide these sins as if they were something that they could paint over with whitewash. Alternate translation: "It is like her prophets have painted over their sins with whitewash" or "Their prophets try to hide these evil things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

whitewash

This is a solution that is painted on things to make them white that is similar to white paint.

predict falsehoods to them

"predict lies for the princes." The word "them" refers to the princes.

Ezekiel 22:29

have oppressed ... and plundered

The understood words may be supplied. Alternate translation: "have oppressed people ... and plundered others" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

extortion

This refers to when someone threatens or hurts another person in order to make them give him money.

the poor and needy

This refers to poor and needy people. Alternate translation: "those who are poor and needy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22:30

General Information:

Yahweh compares the leaders of Jerusalem to a wall and himself to an invading army. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

a man from them who would build up a wall

This speaks of a man who would take responsibility to pray for the people and to lead them to repentance as if that man were to build a wall to protect the people from Yahweh. Alternate translation: "a man from among them who would act like he built a wall" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

stand before me in its breach

Its "breach" refers to a gap in the wall. This speaks of the man defending the people before Yahweh as if he were a warrior standing in the breach to defend the city. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

for the land so I would not destroy it

Here the "land" represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: "for the people so that I would not destroy them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 22:31

pour out my indignation upon them

This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people as if his indignation were a liquid that he poured out on them. Alternate translation: "I will punish the people because of my indignation for them" or "I will punish the people because of my anger against them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

indignation

anger of a person who has suffered injustice

I will finish them with the fire of my indignation

This speaks of how harsh Yahweh's judgement is by comparing it to a fire. Here destroying the people is referred to as "finishing" them. Alternate translation: "I will destroy them with my wrath which is as intense as a blazing fire" or "I will destroy them with my wrath" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23

Ezekiel 23:intro-0

Ezekiel 23 General Notes

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphor

Israel and Judah have been unfaithful to God by worshiping idols. They are compared to two unfaithful wives who have repeatedly committed adultery. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/faithful.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:1

General Information:

Yahweh speaks of how the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria have been unfaithful to him in a metaphor in which he refers to them as two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through Ezekiel 23:34. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

The word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 23:2

Son of man

Ezekiel 23:3

Their breasts were squeezed

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Men squeezed their breasts" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

their virgin nipples were fondled there

This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase and emphasizes the immoral behavior of the two young women. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "there men fondled their virgin nipples" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

fondled

to be touched lovingly or softly

Ezekiel 23:4

they became mine

This means that he married them and they became his wives. Alternate translation: "they became my wives" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Their names mean this: Oholah means Samaria, and Oholibah means Jerusalem

"Oholah represents Samaria, and Oholibah represents Jerusalem." In this metaphor Samaria is spoken of as if it were Oholah and Jerusalem is spoken of as if it were Oholibah. This speaks of how these cities were unfaithful to Yahweh as if they were unfaithful wives. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Oholah

This is the name of a woman that means "her tent." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Oholibah

This is the name of a woman that means "my tent is in her." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:5

General Information:

Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through Ezekiel 23:34. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

when she was mine

This refers to when she was his wife. Alternate translation: "while she was still my wife" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

who were dominant

"who ruled over her"

Ezekiel 23:6

General Information:

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Ezekiel 23:7

all the best of Assyria's men

This identifies who the word "them" refers to.

she made herself unclean with everyone she lusted for—and with all their idols

This implies that she slept with all of these men and worshiped the idols they worshiped. Alternate translation: "she made herself unclean by sleeping with everyone she lusted for and by worshiping all their idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

unclean

Ezekiel 23:8

General Information:

poured out their lust upon her

This speaks of lust as if it were a large amount of water that they were pouring out on her. Alternate translation: "to act lustfully toward her" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:9

I gave her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the Assyrians

The word "hand" refers to power or control. The two phrases have the same meaning and the second phrase explains that "her lovers" were "the Assyrians." Alternate translation: "I gave her over to her lovers, the Assyrians" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:10

they executed judgment on her

This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "they talked about her disgrace" or "she had a bad reputation among them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:11

General Information:

Oholibah

This is the name of a woman that means "my tent is in her." See how you translated this name in Ezekiel 23:4. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:12

General Information:

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Ezekiel 23:13

unclean

A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 23:7. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

It was the same for both sisters

This refers to how they had both made themselves unclean. Alternate translation: "Both sisters became unclean through their acts of prostitution" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:14

General Information:

Ezekiel 23:15

turbans

hats made out of long cloth and wrapped around the top of a man's head

had the appearance of officers of chariot troops, the likeness of sons

The abstract nouns "likeness" and "appearance" can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: "appeared the way officers of chariot troops do, and they looked like sons" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

chariot troops

soldiers who drive chariots and who run ahead of and beside them

sons of Babylonia

"Babylonians"

Ezekiel 23:16

General Information:

Ezekiel 23:17

her bed of lust

This refers to her bed where she slept with men and acted lustfully. Alternate translation: "her bed where she acted lustfully" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

they made her unclean with their promiscuousness

This means that they slept with the woman. Alternate translation: "they slept with her and made her unclean" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

unclean

so she turned herself away from them

This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "so she rejected them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:18

General Information:

Ezekiel 23:19

General Information:

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Ezekiel 23:20

General Information:

whose private parts were like those of donkeys

This compares the size of the mens' private parts to those of a donkey to show how wicked Oholibah's desires were. This is an exaggeration as they could not be as large as those of a donkey. Alternate translation: "whose private parts were very long, like those of a donkey" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

whose reproductive emissions were like those of horses

This compares the volume of the mens' emissions to those of a horse to show how wicked Oholibah's desires were. This is an exaggeration as they could not be like those of a horse. Alternate translation: "whose reproductive emissions were huge, like those of a horse" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:21

General Information:

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Ezekiel 23:22

General Information:

Behold!

"Listen!" The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.

I will bring them against you from every side

"I will cause them to attack you from all directions"

Ezekiel 23:23

the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them

This does not refer to all of the people who live in these places, but rather to soldiers from there. Alternate translation: "soldiers from Babylon and all of Chaldea, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the soldiers of Assyria with them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

Pekod, Shoa, and Koa

These are the names places in Babylonia. These places represent the soldiers from these places. Alternate translation: "those from Pekod, Shoa, and Koa" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

strong, handsome men, governors and commanders ... all of them riding on horses

This is the description of the men of Assyria that Oholah had slept with who are now turning against her. This is similar to the description given in Ezekiel 23:6.

Ezekiel 23:24

General Information:

will come against you

This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "will attack you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

with weapons

The Hebrew word translated here as "weapons" is rare. Many modern versions translate it in this way, but some versions leave this phrase out.

They will set large shields, small shields, and helmets against you all around

These defensive items are used to refer to various types of soldiers. Alternate translation: "Soldiers will attack you on all sides carrying large shields, small shields, and wearing helmets" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:25

For I will set my jealous anger on you, and they will deal with you in fury

Here Yahweh speaks of causing the armies to attack them because he is angry with them as if his anger where something that he was placing upon them. Alternate translation: Because I am very jealous for you, I will cause them to act furiously towards you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

They will cut off your noses and your ears

This describes the punishment in Babylon for married women who slept with men that are not their husbands. Alternate translation: "They will punish you as an adulteress, by cutting of your noses and your ears" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

your survivors will fall by the sword

The word "fall" is a euphemism for "die." The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill with swords. Alternate translation: "men will kill your survivors with their swords" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

your survivors will be devoured by fire

This speaks of the survivors being burned by fire as if the fire were an animal attacking and eating them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "your survivors will be burned by fire" or "fire will burn your survivors" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:26

General Information:

Ezekiel 23:27

from the land of Egypt

This refers to her prostitution as beginning in Egypt. Alternate translation: "which you began in the land of Egypt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

You will not lift up your eyes toward them with longing

This is a way to refer to a person turning their head to look at something. Here looking represents desire. Alternate translation: "You will not look toward them with longing" or "You will not desire these things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you will think of Egypt no longer

Here "Egypt" represents the shameful things that she did in Egypt. Alternate translation: "you will think about the things you did in Egypt no longer" or "you will not think about what you did in Egypt any more" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:28

General Information:

Behold

"Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important"

give you into the hand of the ones you hate ... into the hand of the ones from whom you had turned away

These two phrases have the same meaning. It means that they will be captured by the men they used to prostitute themselves to. Alternate translation: "allow you to be captured by those you hate and had turned away from" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

into the hand

Here the word "hand" refers to control. Alternate translation: "into the control" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:29

naked and bare

These two words mean the same thing and emphasize that she will be completely uncovered. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

your nakedness will be uncovered

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They will reveal your nakedness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:30

General Information:

These things will be done to you in your acting

"These things will be done to you because you have acted." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "These things will happen to you because you have acted" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

acting like a prostitute, lusting after nations

Ezekiel speaks of Oholibah, who represents Judah (Ezekiel 23:4), as if she were a prostitute sleeping with the men of many nations for money. He wants the people of Judah to understand that Yahweh to punish them because they were worshiping the idols of other nations so they could get those nations' wealth and power. Alternate translation: "acting like a prostitute, lusting after men of other nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

became unclean with their idols

She became unclean by worshiping the idols. Alternate translation: "became unclean by worshiping their idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

unclean

Ezekiel 23:31

so I will put her cup of punishment into your hand

This refers to Oholibah's punishment that she will receive as if it were a cup of wine. Alternate translation: "so I will cause you to be punished in the same way as your sister" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:32

General Information:

You will drink your sister's cup

Here Yahweh speaks of punishment as if it were a cup of wine the woman drank. Alternate translation: "You will drink the same cup of punishment as your sister" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

your sister's cup that is

Here the "cup" represents what is in the cup. Alternate translation: "from your sister's cup that is" or "all that is in your sister's cup, and her cup is" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

a laughingstock ... a subject for derision

Both of these phrases refer to a person who is laughed at and criticized because of their foolish behavior. Derision is mocking or ridiculing something or someone. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

this cup contains a great amount

This sentence does not say what is in the cup because it is understood by reading Ezekiel 23:31. Alternate translation: "this cup contains a great amount of punishment" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:33

General Information:

Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

You will be filled with drunkenness and sorrow

This speaks of being very drunk and full of sorrow as if drunkenness and sorrow were things that filled her body. Alternate translation: "You will become very drunk and very sad" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the cup of horror and devastation

"the cup that causes horror and devastation." The words "horror" and "devastation" share similar meanings here and emphasize how terrible her punishment will be. Alternate translation: "for what is in that cup causes horror and devastation" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

the cup of your sister Samaria

Oholibah's sister Oholah represents Samaria. Samaria is called by it's name but still referred to as a sister. The cup is a symbol for the punishment that she received. Alternate translation: "for this is the same cup of punishment that your sister, who represents Samaria, drank" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:34

tear your breasts

"cut your beasts"

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 23:35

thrown me away behind your back

Yahweh speaks of Oholibah rejecting him as if he were an object that she had thrown behind her back and forgotten. Alternate translation: "rejected me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:36

Son of man, will you judge Oholah and Oholibah?

Yahweh uses this rhetorical question as a command for Ezekiel. This question can be written as a statement. The cities of Jerusalem and Samaria are represented by Oholah and Oholibah. Alternate translation: "Son of man, you will judge Oholah and Oholibah!" or "Son of man, judge the people of those two cities represented by Oholah and Oholibah." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Son of man

Ezekiel 23:37

there is blood on their hands

This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "they have murdered people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:38

General Information:

Yahweh speaks about how the people of Jerusalem and Samaria have been unfaithful to him.

unclean

A person or thing God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 23:7. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

on the same day they defile my Sabbaths

The phrase "same day" refers to the previous phrase "make my sanctuary unclean." Alternate translation: "on the same day on which they make my sanctuary unclean, they defile my Sabbaths" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:39

behold!

"pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important"

in the middle of my house

This refers to the house in general. The reference to the "middle" emphasizes that what was done happened openly in the temple and defiled the whole place. Alternate translation: "in my own house" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:40

General Information:

Yahweh again refers to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

behold

"look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

you bathed, painted your eyes, and adorned yourself with jewelry

These are things done by a woman to make her appear more beautiful to a man.

you bathed

Here the word "you" switches to singular and refers to only one sister, but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:41

you sat

my incense and my oil

These are items used in worship to Yahweh.

Ezekiel 23:42

General Information:

Yahweh continues to refer to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

So the sound of a noisy crowd was around her

The sound of the crowd is used to refer to the crowd of people. Alternate translation: "So there was a noisy crowd around her" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

was around her ... on their hands

"was around her ... on her and her sister's hands." This verse begins by referring to one of the sisters but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. In the second part of the verse it switches back to referring to both sisters with the word "their."

Sabeans were brought

This can be stated in active form. The word "Sabeans" refers to people from Sheba. Alternate translation: "Sabeans had come" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

they put bracelets

The word "they" refers to the men.

Ezekiel 23:43

General Information:

Yahweh continues to refer to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

her who was worn out ... with her, and she with them

This refers to one of the sisters but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here.

Ezekiel 23:44

They went in to her, as men go in to a prostitute

They had sexual relations with her in the same way that men have sexual relations with a prostitute.

They went in to her

"They went in to where she was" or "They went to her"

In this way they went in to Oholah and Oholibah

"This is how they had sexual relations with Oholah and Oholibah"

Ezekiel 23:45

pass judgment

This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "condemn" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

who shed blood ... blood is on their hands

This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "who murder people ... murderers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:46

raise up a company

The phrase "raise up" is an idiom. Alternate translation: "gather a large group of people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

against them and give them

"against Jerusalem and Samaria and give them"

give them up

Yahweh gives up the responsibility to take care of them and allows them to suffer.

to be terrorized and plundered

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "for the company to terrorize and plunder them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:47

cut them down

This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "kill them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 23:48

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 23:49

So they will set your

"So the company will set your." The word "they" refers to the "company" of people from Ezekiel 23:47.

set your shameful behavior against you

This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "cause you to accept responsibility for your shameful behavior" or "punish you for your shameful behavior" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

bear the guilt of your sins with your idols

"accept responsibility for the guilt of your sins with your idols." This implies that they will be punished for their sins. Alternate translation: "receive the punishment for sinning by worshiping your idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 24

Ezekiel 24:intro-0

Ezekiel 24 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Too many sins to be forgiven

The people of Jerusalem cannot be cleaned from their sin. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/clean.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphor

Jerusalem is compared to a pot, so rusted that it cannot be cleaned from its rust. They have been completely rotted by their sin. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 24:1

General Information:

Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel.

The word of Yahweh came

in the ninth year

"in year 9." This refers to how long they had been in exile under King Jehoiachin. Alternate translation: "in the ninth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month

"the tenth day of the tenth month" or "the 10th day of the 10th month." This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-hebrewmonths/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

Ezekiel 24:2

Son of man

the king of Babylon has besieged

The army of Babylon is referred to by its leader. Alternate translation: "the army of the king of Babylon has besieged" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 24:3

General Information:

Yahweh speaks a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through Ezekiel 24:14. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parables/01.md]])

this rebellious house

This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 2:5. Alternate translation: "this rebellious people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 24:4

Gather pieces of food

Here "food" refers specifically to meat. Alternate translation: "Place pieces of meat" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Ezekiel 24:5

the best of the flock

Here the "flock" refers to sheep, not birds.

pile up the bones under it

Some cultures add bones to a fire because they burn longer than wood. This refers to the bones that remained after the best bones were placed in the pot. Alternate translation: "place the rest of the bones under the pot to fuel the fire" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 24:6

General Information:

Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through Ezekiel 24:14. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parables/01.md]])

the city of blood

Here "blood" is a reference to "murder." Alternate translation: "the city of murderers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

a cooking pot

Yahweh continues to compare Jerusalem to a cooking pot. Alternate translation: "it is like a cooking pot" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

rust

the red material that forms on metal. Rust eats away at metal and eventually destroys it

Take piece after piece

Yahweh does not give this command to a specific person. This is a general command given to an unspecified person within this metaphor.

but do not cast lots for it

Casting lots was a way of choosing which pieces of meat to take out, but because Yahweh wants to take out all of the pieces of meat, there is no need to cast lots.

Ezekiel 24:7

General Information:

For her blood is in the midst of her

This means that the blood from those who were murdered in Jerusalem is still there. Alternate translation: "For the blood of those who were murdered among her is still there" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

her

The word "her" refers to Jerusalem, which is represented by the cooking pot.

She has set it on the smooth rock; she has not poured it out on the ground to cover it with dust

This personifies Jerusalem as a person who murdered the people and chose where to put their blood. Alternate translation: "They were murdered on the smooth rocks; not on the dirt where the dust would hide their blood" or "Their blood fell on the smooth rocks; it did not fall on the ground where the dust would cover it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

has set it on the smooth rock

"has put the blood on bare rocks"

Ezekiel 24:8

so it brings fury up to exact vengeance

Here Yahweh is speaking about himself taking revenge on those who murdered the people in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "in order that I could see it and then be angry and get revenge" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

so it could not be covered

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so that no one could cover it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 24:9

General Information:

the city of blood

Here "blood" is a reference to "murder." Alternate translation: "the city of murderers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I will also enlarge the pile of wood

It is implied that the pile of wood is under the cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. "I will make the pile of wood on the fire under you even bigger" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 24:10

kindle the fire

"light the fire"

let the bones be charred

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "burn the bones" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 24:11

General Information:

scorch

to burn the surface of something

so its uncleanness within it will be melted, its corrosion consumed

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "to melt the uncleanness within it and to consume its corrosion" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

uncleanness

corrosion

rust

consumed

burned away

Ezekiel 24:12

She has become weary

Here the word "she" refers to the cooking pot. This is the cooking pot that is metaphorical for Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "Jerusalem has become tired" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

toil

difficult labor

but her corrosion has not gone out of her by the fire

The phrase "has not gone out of her" is an idiom. Alternate translation: "but the fire did not burn away her corrosion" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 24:13

General Information:

until I have satisfied my fury upon you.

This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people in his anger as if it were his "fury" that were punishing them. Alternate translation: "until I am finished punishing you and am no longer furious with you" or "until I have punished you and I am longer angry with you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 24:14

General Information:

Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through the end of this verse. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parables/01.md]])

nor will I rest from it

"nor will I rest from punishing you." The word "it" refers to Yahweh punishing the people.

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 24:15

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 24:16

the desire of your eyes from

This refers to Ezekiel's wife. Yahweh refers to Ezekiel by the part of his body he uses to see his wife. Alternate translation: "your wife, whom you love very much, from" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

with a plague

"by a disease"

you must not mourn nor weep, and your tears must not flow

These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Ezekiel is not to cry about his wife dying. Alternate translation: "you must not mourn nor weep" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Ezekiel 24:17

the dead

This refers to his dead wife. Alternate translation: "your dead wife" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

turban

a head covering made of a long cloth wrapped around the head

sandals

a simple shoe held onto the foot with straps around the ankles

do not cover your facial hair

In Israel, men would shave their beards to express sorrow, then cover their faces until their facial hair grew back. Yahweh told Ezekiel not to cover his facial hair in order to show that he had not shaved his face to express his sorrow. Alternate translation: "do not mourn by veiling your facial hair" or "do not mourn by shaving and covering your beard" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

Ezekiel 24:18

In the morning

"The next morning"

Ezekiel 24:19

General Information:

The people of Israel question Ezekiel, and Ezekiel tells them what Yahweh has said to them.

Ezekiel 24:20

The word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 24:21

the house of Israel

Behold

The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.

I will desecrate my sanctuary—the pride of ... of your soul, and your sons

"I will desecrate my sanctuary which is the pride ... of your soul. Your sons"

the pride of your power

This describes the temple as the building that the people are proud of. This speaks of it as being their "pride" instead of the source of their pride. Alternate translation: "the building that you are proud of" or "the source of your strong pride" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the delight of your eyes

Here Yahweh refers to the people by their "eyes." Alternate translation: "the building that you delight to look at" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

the yearning of your soul

Here Yahweh refers to the people by their "soul" to emphasize their inner feelings. Alternate translation: "the building that you truly love" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

your sons and your daughters ... will fall by the sword

This refers to their enemies by their swords. Alternate translation: "your sons and daughters ... will be killed in war" or "your enemies will kill your sons and your daughters ... with their swords" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 24:22

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 24:23

you will melt away

Here "melt away" is a metaphor for wasting away and dying. Alternate translation: "you will become very thin and slowly die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in your iniquities

This implies that God will not forgive the sins of these people. Alternate translation: "and I will not forgive your sins" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

groan

This is the sound a person makes who wants help, but who has too much pain or sorrow to speak.

Ezekiel 24:24

So Ezekiel will be a sign for you

Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of Ezekiel and his actions as being this warning. See how you translated this metaphor in Ezekiel 12:6. Alternate translation: "So Ezekiel will be a warning for you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 24:25

that I capture their temple

Here Yahweh speaks of destroying the temple as if it were someone that he was capturing. Alternate translation: "that I destroy their temple"

which is their joy, their pride

The abstract nouns "joy" and "pride" can be translated as noun phrases. Alternate translation: "which is what they are joyful about and what they are proud of" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 24:26

refugee

someone who has been forced to leave his country because of war or another disaster

Ezekiel 24:27

your mouth will be opened up

This can be stated in active form. Ezekiel being given understanding and the ability to speak is represented by his mouth being opened. Alternate translation: "I will open your mouth" or "you will know what to say" or "I will cause you to know what to say" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

you will speak—you will no longer be silent

Both of these phrases mean that Ezekiel will speak. In the second phrase it is stated in negative form to emphasize that he will speak. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-litotes/01.md]])

You will be a sign for them

Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of Ezekiel and his actions as being this warning. See how you translated this metaphor in Ezekiel 12:6. Alternate translation: "You will be a warning for them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

know that I am Yahweh

Ezekiel 25

Ezekiel 25:intro-0

Ezekiel 25 General Notes

Structure and formatting

# Prophecy against other nations

This chapter includes prophecies against some Gentile nations. Ammon, Moab, Edom and Philistia will all be destroyed. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/prophet.md]])

Ezekiel 25:1

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 25:2

Son of man

set your face against the people of Ammon

This is a command to stare at the people of Ammon as a symbol of punishing them. Alternate translation: "stare angrily at the people of Ammon" or "stare at the people of Ammon so that they will be harmed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

set your face against the people of Ammon

Ammon was far away, so Ezekiel could not see the people there, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming the people. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 6:2. Alternate translation: "Turn toward the people of Ammon and stare angrily" or "stare toward Ammon so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

the people of Ammon

"the descendants of Ammon" or "those who live in the land of Ammon"

prophesy against them

"prophesy about the bad things that will happen to them." This means to prophesy about the horrible things that will happen to the people of Ammon. See how you translated a similar phrase in in Ezekiel 4:7.

Ezekiel 25:3

General Information:

Yahweh tells Ezekiel what to say to the people of Ammon.

Hear the word of the Lord Yahweh

"Listen to this message from the Lord Yahweh"

you said, "Aha!"

"you cheered." The word "Aha" is a sound people make when they are happy about something. In this case the people were happy because bad things happened to Israel and Judah.

over my sanctuary when it was profaned

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "against my sanctuary when the enemy army profaned it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

against the land ... against the house

"over the land ... over the house"

the house of Judah

Ezekiel 25:4

behold

"look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

I am giving you to a people in the east as their possession

This speaks of the enemy army conquering the land of Ammon and taking possession of the land and everything in it as if the enemy were taking the people of Ammon as their possession. It is not implied here that the enemy took the people of Ammon as slaves. Alternate translation: "I will cause an army from a land that is east of you to come and conquer you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

They will set up camp against you and set up their tents among you

"They will set up tents and live in your country"

They will eat your fruit and they will drink your milk

It may be helpful to specify the source of the fruit and milk. Alternate translation: "They will eat the fruit from your trees and drink the milk from your cattle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 25:5

the people of Ammon a field for flocks

Here the phrase "the people of Ammon" refers to the land that belonged to the people of Ammon. Also, the understood information at the beginning of this phrase may be supplied. Alternate translation: "I will make the rest of the land of Ammon a field for flocks" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

know that I am Yahweh

Ezekiel 25:6

You have clapped your hands and stamped your feet

These actions are ways to show strong emotions. In this case the people are cheering and showing their contempt against Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

all the contempt within you against the land of Israel

Here the phrase "the land of Israel" represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: "all of the hatred you feel towards the people who live in Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 25:7

behold

"look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what i am about to tell you"

I will strike you with my hand

"I will hit you with my powerful hand." Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were literally hitting them with his hand. Alternate translation: "I will punish you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

give you as plunder to the nations

The word "you" refers to the people of Ammon but is also a metonym for their land and their possessions. Alternate translation: "I will allow enemies to defeat you and take you, your land, and your possessions as plunder" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I will cut you off from the peoples ... make you perish from among the countries

These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will completely destroy the people of Ammon so that they are no longer a nation. Alternate translation: "I will completely destroy you so that you are no longer a nation" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Ezekiel 25:8

Moab and Seir

These places refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: "the people of Moab and Seir" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Behold! The house of Judah is like

"Look at the house of Judah. It is like"

The house of Judah is

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "The Judah people group are" or "The people of Judah are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 25:9

behold! I will open

"look! I will open" or "listen! I will open" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you! I will open"

starting at his cities

Here the city of Moab is spoken of with the masculine pronoun "his." Alternate translation: "starting at its cities" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Ezekiel 25:10

to the people of the east who have been against the people of Ammon

"I will send the same army from the people in the east who attacked Ammon"

I will give them up as a possession

Here Yahweh speaks of allowing the armies from the east to conquer Ammon as if Ammon were a possession that he was giving them. Alternate translation: "I will allow the armies to conquer them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

so that the people of Ammon will not be remembered among the nations

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so that the nations will not remember the people of Ammon" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 25:11

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 25:12

Edom has taken

Here "Edom" refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: "The people of Edom have taken" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the house of Judah

Ezekiel 25:13

I will strike Edom with my hand

Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were literally hitting them with his hand. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 25:7. Alternate translation: "I will punish Edom" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will make them ... from Teman to Dedan

"I will make all of Edom ... from Teman to Dedan." These are two cities at opposite ends of Edom. This means that Yahweh will destroy all of Edom. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

They will fall by the sword

The word "fall" represents being killed and the word "sword" refers to their enemies who will kill them in battle. Alternate translation: "Their enemies will kill them with their swords" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 25:14

I will lay my vengeance upon Edom by the hand of my people Israel

Here the "hand" of Israel is a metonym for Israel's army. Yahweh speaks of taking revenge on the people of Edom as if his vengeance were like a sheet that he covered them with. The abstract noun "vengeance" can be translated with the verb "to punish." Alternate translation: "I will use my people Israel to punish the people of Edom" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they will do to Edom according to my anger and my fury

"they will show Edom my anger and fury" or "they will punish Edom according to my anger and fury against the people of Edom"

my anger and my fury

The word "fury" means basically the same thing as and intensifies the word "anger." Alternate translation: "my furious anger" or "my extreme anger" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 25:15

The Philistines have taken vengeance with malice and from within themselves they tried to destroy Judah again and again

The phrase "from within themselves" is an idiom. Alternate translation: "The Philistines hate Judah and have tried to take revenge against it by their own strength again and again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

to destroy Judah

Here "Judah" refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: "to destroy the people of Judah" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 25:16

Behold

This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

I will reach out with my hand against the Philistines

Here Yahweh's power is represented by his "hand." Alternate translation: "I will turn my powerful hand against the Philistines" or "I will turn my great power against the Philistines" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I will cut off

This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "I will destroy" or "I will get rid of" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Kerethites

people who lived in the city of Kereth in Philistia (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Ezekiel 25:17

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 26

Ezekiel 26:intro-0

Ezekiel 26 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter begins a section of prophecy against Tyre. The Babylonians will destroy Tyre. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/prophet.md]])

Ezekiel 26:1

in the eleventh year

"in year 11." This means the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. Alternate translation: "in the eleventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

on the first day of the month

"on day 1 of the month." It is uncertain which month of the Hebrew calendar Ezekiel meant. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 26:2

Son of man

Tyre has said against Jerusalem

Here the city names "Tyre" and "Jerusalem" represent the people of those cities. Alternate translation: "the people of Tyre have said against the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Aha!

The word "Aha" is a sound people make when they discover something. Alternate translation: "Yes!" or "This is great!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclamations/01.md]])

The gates of the people are broken

The people of Tyre use these words to refer to Jerusalem as if it were a city gate through which traders from the surrounding nations pass. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Armies have broken down the gates of the people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

She has turned to me

Here the word "she" refers to the word "gates" which have "turned" on their hinges to open to Tyre. This phrase means that Tyre has now replaced Jerusalem as the city through which the traders from many nations pass. Alternate translation: "The gateway has opened to me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

I will be filled up

Here to be "filled up" represents being prosperous. Alternate translation: "I will become prosperous" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

she is ruined

"Jerusalem is ruined"

Ezekiel 26:3

Behold!

"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!"

I will raise up many nations against you like the sea raises its waves

Here the word "nations" refers to their armies. Alternate translation: "I will gather armies from many nations that will beat against you like the waves in the raging sea" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Ezekiel 26:4

I will sweep her dust away and make her like a bare rock

Yahweh speaks of how he will cause Tyre to be completely destroyed. Alternate translation: "I will cause the armies to completely destroy the city, and they will leave nothing there" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Ezekiel 26:5

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel his message to Tyre.

She will become

The city of Tyre is spoken of here as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: "Tyre will become" or "It will become" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

a place for nets to dry out in the midst of the sea

Part of Tyre was an island. This expression is a metonym for the results of Tyre's destruction. Alternate translation: "an empty island used for drying fishing nets" or "a deserted island where people dry out their fishing nets" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

she will become plunder for the nations

"Plunder" means things that people steal or take by force. Here Tyre becoming plunder represents its wealth being carried off by other nations. Alternate translation: "the armies of the nations will take away every valuable thing from Tyre" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 26:6

Her daughters who are in the fields will be slaughtered by the swords

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The enemy armies will slaughter with swords her daughters who are in the fields" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Her daughters who are in the fields

Possible meanings are 1) "Her daughters" were the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or 2) "Her daughters" is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. Alternate translation: "Her daughter communities who are on the mainland" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

know that I am Yahweh

Ezekiel 26:7

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.

Behold

"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, king of kings

The phrase "king of kings" was a title, meaning that he was the greatest of kings, the king that other kings obeyed. Alternate translation: "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the greatest king" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

a great many people

This emphasizes the great size of Nebuchadnezzar's army.

Ezekiel 26:8

He will kill

Here the word "He" refers to Nebuchadnezzar and is a metonym for his army. Alternate translation: "His army will kill" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

your daughters in the field

Possible meanings are 1) "your daughters" refers to the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or 2) "your daughters" is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 26:6. Alternate translation: "your daughter communities who are on the mainland" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 26:9

General Information:

The words "he" and "his" in these verses refer to Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, and represent the soldiers in Nebuchadnezzar's army doing these actions. The word "your" refers to the city of Tyre. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.

He will place his battering rams to hit against your walls, and his tools will tear down your towers

Although the battering rams and tools are spoken of as acting against the walls and towers of Tyre, they would have been used by the soldiers in Nebuchadnezzar's army against the walls and towers. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

battering rams

"Battering rams" are large trees or poles that many men in an army would pick up and hit against a wall or door so they could break it down and get inside. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 4:2.

tools

Weapons or instruments made of iron used to tear down the towers

Ezekiel 26:10

When he enters your gates, he will enter as men come into a city whose walls have been broken down

Here Yahweh uses a simile to describe how Nebuchadnezzar's army will enter into the city of Tyre. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

whose walls have been broken down

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "after breaking down its walls" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 26:11

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 26:12

General Information:

The word "They" in these verses refers to the soldiers in the armies of Nebuchadnezzar. The words "your" and "you" refer to the city of Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.

They will plunder your riches and loot your merchandise

The phrases "plunder your riches" and "loot your merchandise" mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

luxurious

expensive and comfortable

Your stones, your timber, and the rubble

These refer to what is left after the walls and homes are torn down.

into the waters

"into the sea"

Ezekiel 26:13

The sound of your harps will be heard no more

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "No one will hear the sound of your harps anymore" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 26:14

I will make you a bare rock

This metaphor describes the results after Yahweh completely destroys Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 26:4. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you will become a place where nets are spread out to dry

This metaphor also describes the results after Yahweh destroys Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 26:5. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you will become a place where nets

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will make you a place where nets" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 26:15

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.

Will not the islands quake ... in your midst?

This question expects a positive answer and emphasizes the results of Tyre's destruction. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "The islands will quake ... in your midst." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Will not the islands quake

Here "the islands" represents the people living on the islands. Alternate translation: "Will not the people of the islands quake with fear" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 26:16

princes of the sea

"princes of the coastlands"

They will clothe themselves with trembling

This metaphor represents the princes trembling enough to seem like it was their clothing. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

be appalled because of you

"be unable to speak because what has happened to you is so bad"

Ezekiel 26:17

General Information:

In these verses, "They" refers to the "princes of the sea" in the previous verse, and "you" refers to Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.

lift up

"sing"

How you, who were inhabited by sailors, have been destroyed

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "How your enemies have destroyed you—you who were inhabited by sailors" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

spread a terror about themselves upon everyone who lived near them

The abstract noun "terror" can be translated using the adjective "terrified." Alternate translation: "caused all the people around them to be terrified" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 26:18

Now the coasts tremble on the day of your downfall. The islands in the sea are terrified, because you are no longer in your place

These two lines are similar in meaning and emphasize the response of the surrounding people to the destruction of Tyre. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Now the coasts tremble

Here "the coasts" represents the people living there. Alternate translation: "Now the people of the coastlands tremble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

The islands in the sea are terrified

Here "the islands in the sea" represents the people living there. Alternate translation: "The people of the islands are terrified" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

you are no longer in your place

The destruction of Tyre is spoken of as if it was a person who had died. Alternate translation: "you have departed" or "you exist no more" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Ezekiel 26:19

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.

When I make you

The word "you" here refers to the city of Tyre. In the original language "you" here is feminine singular.

When I make you a desolate city, like the other cities that are not inhabited

Here Tyre is compared to other cities that no longer had people living in them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

the deeps

Here "the deeps" means the deep waters of the sea. Alternate translation: "the deep waters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

Ezekiel 26:20

then I will bring you down to the people of ancient times, like the others who have gone down into the pit; for I will make you live in the lowest realms of the earth as in ruins of ancient times

What Yahweh would do to Tyre is compared to people going to the grave and cities falling into ruin. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

the pit

This refers to the grave. Because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

stand in the land of the living

This represents being restored to the city's former existence. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 26:21

I will place disaster on you

The abstract noun "disaster" can be translated using the adjective "terrible" or the verb "destroy." Alternate translation: "I will bring you to a terrible end" or "I will destroy you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 27

Ezekiel 27:intro-0

Ezekiel 27 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The prophecy against Tyre continues in this chapter. Tyre has become wealthy from trade as far as Spain, but Tyre will be destroyed. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/prophet.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphor

Tyre is compared to a ship built with the very best materials. Despite its strength and power, Yahweh will destroy it. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 27:1

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 27:2

son of man

"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: "mortal person" or "human"

begin a lamentation

The abstract noun "lamentation" can be translated using the verb "lament." Alternate translation: "begin to lament" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 27:3

say to Tyre

Here the word "Tyre" represents the people living in Tyre. Alternate translation: "say to the people of Tyre" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

who lives within the gates of the sea

"who lives at the gates of the sea" or "who lives at the entry to the sea"

Tyre, you have said

Here the word "Tyre" represents the people living in Tyre. Alternate translation: "People of Tyre, you have said" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I am perfect in beauty

The abstract noun "beauty" can be translated using the adjective "beautiful." Alternate translation: "I am perfectly beautiful" or "I am entirely beautiful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 27:4

General Information:

"Your" and "you" in these verses refer to Tyre. The city of Tyre is described here and in the following verses as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.

Your borders

"Your boundaries"

heart of the seas

"middle of the seas"

Ezekiel 27:5

planks

long, flat pieces of wood; thick boards

a mast

a large pole on a ship that holds up the sails of the ship

Ezekiel 27:6

General Information:

"They" in these verses refers to the builders of Tyre. "Your" refers to Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

oars

long pieces of wood with flat blades at one end that people use to make a boat move

decks

the parts of the boat that people can walk on

overlaid them

"covered them"

ivory

a white, beautiful, and hard material that is made from the long teeth of some animals

Ezekiel 27:7

sails

large pieces of cloth that move a ship when the wind blows on them

Your sails were made from colorful linen from Egypt that served as your banner

The sails of the ship are compared to the banners or flags of Tyre. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Ezekiel 27:8

General Information:

The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

Arvad

This is the name of a small island off the coast of Syria. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

sages of Tyre

"wise men of Tyre"

pilots

A pilot is a person who controls where a ship goes by steering the ship.

Ezekiel 27:9

Byblos

This is the name of a city on the Syrian coast. Other versions call it by the name "Gebal." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-textvariants/01.md]])

filled your seams

"repaired your cracks" or "repaired your leaks"

sailors

A sailor is one of the team of workers on a ship.

Ezekiel 27:10

General Information:

The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.

Persia, Lydia ... Libya

These are the names of places. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

your men of war

"men who fought in your wars" or "serving as your warriors"

your splendor

The abstract noun "splendor" can be translated using the adjective "splendid." Alternate translation: "how splendid you were" or "how majestic you were" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 27:11

Arvad ... Helek ... Gammad

These are the names of places. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

They completed your beauty

The abstract noun "beauty" can be translated using the adjective "beautiful." Alternate translation: "They finished making you beautiful" or "They made you perfectly beautiful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 27:12

General Information:

The word "your" in these verses refers to Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.

Silver, iron, tin, and lead

metals that were used during that time period

your wares

"the things you offered for sale"

Ezekiel 27:13

Javan

This is the name of a coastal region also known as Ionia. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

They handled your merchandise

"They traded for your merchandise"

Ezekiel 27:14

General Information:

The word "your" in these verses refers to Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.

Beth Togarmah

the name of a place (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

stallions

adult male horses

Ezekiel 27:15

Rhodes

This is the name of a place. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Merchandise was in your hand

Having things in the hands here is probably a metaphor for carrying those things or having them in their possession. Alternate translation: "You owned things that you sold to them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

horn

This refers to the tusks or elongated teeth of certain animals.

ebony

a dark brown to black hardwood that is very dense or heavy

Ezekiel 27:16

General Information:

The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.

Aram was a dealer

Here "Aram" refers to the people of Aram. Alternate translation: "The people of Aram were dealers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

dealer

"trader"

emeralds

An emerald is a type of green precious stone.

purple

Here purple cloth or yarn is referred to by just its color. Alternate translation: "purple cloth" or "purple yarn" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

pearls

beautiful beads of hard white material that come from creatures in the sea

rubies

A ruby is a type of red precious stone.

Ezekiel 27:17

Judah and the land of Israel were trading with you

Here "Judah and the land of Israel" refers to the people of those places. Alternate translation: "The people of Judah and Israel were trading with you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Minnith

This is the name of a place. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

cakes

The meaning of the Hebrew word translated here as "cakes" is uncertain. Other versions may translate it as another type of food.

balsam

a sweet-smelling gum or resin that comes from a tree

Ezekiel 27:18

Helbon ... Zahar

names of places (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

enormous wealth

"abundant wealth" or "great wealth"

Ezekiel 27:19

General Information:

The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.

Dan ... Javan ... Izal

These are names of places. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Dan and Javan

This is a metonym for the people of Dan and Javan. Alternate translation: "The people of Dan and Javan" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

wrought iron

a form of iron that can be shaped with a hammer

cinnamon

This is a type of spice that comes from the bark of a tree. "Cassia" is another name for this spice. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]])

calamus

a type of grass that people used as perfume and for medicine (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]])

Ezekiel 27:20

Dedan was

This is a metonym for the people of Dedan. Alternate translation: "The people of Dedan were" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

saddle blankets

A saddle blanket is a piece of cloth that people place on a horse beneath a saddle or seat.

Ezekiel 27:21

Arabia ... Kedar

These are names of places. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Arabia

This is a metonym for the people of Arabia. Alternate translation: "The people of Arabia" or "The Arabians" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 27:22

General Information:

The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.

Sheba ... Raamah

These are the names of places. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

precious gems

"valuable stones"

Ezekiel 27:23

Haran, Kanneh, and Eden were traders with you, along with Sheba, Ashur, and Kilmad

This refers to the people from these places. Alternate translation: "The people of Haran, Kanneh, and Eden were traders with you, along with the people of Sheba, Ashur, and Kilmad" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Haran ... Kanneh ... Eden ... Sheba ... Ashur ... Kilmad

These are the names of places. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Ezekiel 27:24

General Information:

The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.

These were your dealers

"They traded with you"

ornate robes of violet cloths with woven colors

"purple robes with many different colors"

blankets of multicolored, embroidered, and well-woven cloth

"blankets with many colors that had designs and were of high quality"

Ezekiel 27:25

The ships of Tarshish were the transporters of your merchandise

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The ships of Tarshish carried your merchandise" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

you were filled up, heavily laden with cargo

Tyre's abundance is spoken of as if it was a ship that was full of cargo. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

heart of the seas

"middle of the seas." See how you translated this in Ezekiel 27:4.

Ezekiel 27:26

General Information:

The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. The city of Tyre is described here and in the following verses as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.

Your rowers

"The people that row you"

vast seas

"great waters"

the eastern wind

"the strong wind from the east"

middle of them

"heart of the seas" or "middle of the seas." See how you translated this in Ezekiel 27:4.

Ezekiel 27:27

sailors

men who sail boats

depths of the sea

"heart of the seas" or "middle of the seas." See how you translated this in Ezekiel 27:4.

on the day of your destruction

The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated using the verb "destroy." Alternate translation: "at the time you are destroyed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 27:28

General Information:

The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Cities at the sea will tremble

Here "Cities at the sea" represents the people in those cities. Alternate translation: "The people of the cities by the sea will tremble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 27:29

All those who handle oars

"All the rowers"

Ezekiel 27:30

wail bitterly

"cry out sadly"

they will cast dust up on their heads. They will roll about in ashes

These are expressions of grieving and mourning. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

Ezekiel 27:31

General Information:

The word "they" in these verses refer to the people mentioned in verses 28 and 29. The words "you" and "your" refer to Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

They will shave their heads bald for you and bind themselves with sackcloth

These are expressions of grieving and mourning. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

bald

having no hair on the head

Ezekiel 27:32

They will lift up their wails of lamentation

The abstract noun "lamentation" can be translated using the verb "lament." Alternate translation: "They will cry out and lament" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

sing dirges

"sing funeral songs"

Who is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea?

This question expects a negative answer and emphasizes Tyre being different from all other cities. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "No other city is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

who has now been brought to silence

This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "who its enemies have now silenced" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 27:33

When your merchandise went ashore

This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "When people brought your merchandise ashore" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

ashore

"onto the land"

you enriched the kings of the earth

"you made the kings of the earth rich"

Ezekiel 27:34

General Information:

The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

when you were shattered by the seas, by deep waters

This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "when the seas, the deep waters, shattered you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

shattered

To "shatter" is to break up into pieces.

crew

team of workers

Ezekiel 27:35

were appalled at you

"were shocked and terrified by what happened to you"

their kings shuddered in horror

The abstract noun "horror" can be translated using the adverb "fearfully." Alternate translation: "their kings shuddered fearfully" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

shuddered

"shook, trembled with fear"

Their faces trembled

Here "faces" represents the whole person. Alternate translation: "They appear to be trembling" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 27:36

hiss at you

Hissing was making a whistling sound through the teeth. It may have been out of dismay, grief, or surprise. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

you have become a horror

The abstract noun "horror" can be translated using the adjective "dreadful." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you have become dreadful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 28

Ezekiel 28:intro-0

Ezekiel 28 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The prophecy against Tyre concludes in this chapter. Tyre will be destroyed because of its pride and unfair business practices. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/prophet.md]])

Ezekiel 28:1

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 28:2

Son of man

Your heart is arrogant

Here "heart" represents the will or thoughts of the ruler of Tyre. Alternate translation: "You are arrogant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

arrogant

falsely believing oneself to be importantbelieving oneself to be important

I will sit in the seat of the gods

"I will sit on the throne of the gods." Here sitting in the seat of the gods represents claiming to be in the same exalted position as if he were one of the gods. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

heart of the seas

"middle of the seas." See how you translated this in Ezekiel 27:4.

you make your heart like the heart of a god

Here "heart" represents the mind or thinking. A god thinks of himself as better than people. Alternate translation: "you think that you have the mind of a god" or "you have allowed yourself to think that you are better than other people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Ezekiel 28:3

you think that you are wiser than Daniel

Here the ruler of Tyre compares himself to Daniel the prophet in how wise he thought he was. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Ezekiel 28:4

General Information:

The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the ruler of Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre.

You have made yourself wealthy with wisdom and skill

The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "skill" can be translated using the adjectives "wise" and "skillful." Alternate translation: "You have become wealthy by your own wisdom and skill" or "You have become wealthy by being wise and skillful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rpronouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

obtained gold and silver

"stored up gold and silver"

treasuries

places to store valuable objects and keep them safe

Ezekiel 28:5

By great wisdom and by your trading, you have multiplied your wealth, so your heart is arrogant because of your wealth

The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "wealth" can be translated using the adjectives "wise" and "wealthy." Alternate translation: "By being very wise and by your trading, you have become more and more wealthy, so your heart is arrogant because of how wealthy you are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

your heart is arrogant

Here "heart" represents the will or thoughts of the ruler of Tyre. Alternate translation: "you are arrogant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 28:6

General Information:

The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the ruler of Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre.

you have made your heart like the heart of a god

Here "heart" represents the mind or thinking. A god thinks of himself as better than people. See how you translated the similar phrase in Ezekiel 28:2. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Ezekiel 28:7

the beauty of your wisdom

The abstract nouns "beauty" and "wisdom" can be translated using the adjective "beautiful" and the adverb "wisely." Alternate translation: "the beautiful things that you have so wisely made" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

profane your splendor

The abstract noun "splendor" can be translated using the adjective "splendid." Alternate translation: "profane how splendid you are" or "defile how majestic you are" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 28:8

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. The word "They" refers to foreign armies. The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the king of Tyre.

down to the pit

Here "the pit" refers to the grave or to hell. Alternate translation: "down to the grave" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

in the heart of the seas

"in the middle of the seas"

Ezekiel 28:9

Will you truly say, "I am a god" to the face of one who kills you?

This question expects a negative answer to emphasize the irony when one who claims to be a god is destroyed by men. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You will not say 'I am a god' to the face of one who kills you!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

to the face of

Here the face represents being in the presence of another person. Alternate translation: "in the presence of" or "before" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

in the hand of

Here being in the hand of someone represents being under their control. Alternate translation: "under the control of" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 28:10

by the hand of foreigners

Here "hand" is a metonym for the actions of the foreigners' army. Alternate translation: "by an army of foreigners" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 28:11

The word of Yahweh came again to me, saying,

The idiom "The word of Yahweh came again to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in Ezekiel 18:1. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message to me a second time. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this second message to me:" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 28:12

Son of man

lift up

"sing"

You were the model of perfection

The abstract nouns "model" an d "perfection" can be translated using the words "completely" and "perfect." Alternate translation: "You were completely perfect" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

full of wisdom and perfect in beauty

The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "beauty" can be translated using the adjectives "wise" and "beautiful." Alternate translation: "fully wise and perfectly beautiful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 28:13

Every precious stone covered you

"You wore every kind of precious stone"

ruby, topaz, emerald, chrysolite, onyx, jasper, sapphire, turquoise, and beryl

These are all precious stones of different colors. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]])

settings and mountings

pieces of metal that hold the precious stones

It was on the day you were created that they were prepared

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I prepared them on the day that I created you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

prepared

"made ready"

Ezekiel 28:14

General Information:

The word "you" in these verses refers to the king of Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre.

cherub

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 10:9.

the fiery stones

"the stones of fire." Possible meanings are 1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in Ezekiel 28:13 or 2) other fiery stones on the "holy mountain of God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 28:15

from the day you were created until injustice was found within you

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "since the day that I created you until I found injustice within you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 28:16

General Information:

The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the king of Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre.

great trade

"large volume of trade"

you were filled with violence

Yahweh speaks of the king of Tyre as if he were a container that was filled up with violence. The king is a synecdoche for himself and his people The abstract noun "violence" can be translated using the adjective "violent." Alternate translation: "you and your people became completely violent" or "you and your peoplewere completely violent" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

guardian cherub

"guarding cherub"

the fiery stones

"the stones of fire." See how you translated this in Ezekiel 28:14. Possible meanings are 1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in Ezekiel 28:13 or 2) other fiery stones on the "holy mountain of God." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 28:17

Your heart was arrogant

Here the "heart" represents the whole person, emphasizing the person's thoughts. Alternate translation: "You were arrogant" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

arrogant

falsely believing oneself to be importantbelieving oneself to be important

Your heart was arrogant with your beauty; you ruined your wisdom because of your splendor

The abstract nouns "beauty," wisdom" and "splendor" can be translated using the adjectives "beautiful," "wise" and "splendid." Alternate translation: "Your heart was arrogant because you were beautiful; you became unwise because you were so splendid" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

before kings

"in front of kings "

so they may see you

"so they may look at you"

Ezekiel 28:18

General Information:

The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the king of Tyre.

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre.

it will consume you

"it will devour you." The fire is spoken of here as if it was eating him up. Alternate translation: "it will burn you up" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

turn you into ashes

This idiom means burning up until only ashes are left. Alternate translation: "burn you up to ashes" or "burn you up completely" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 28:19

shudder

shake or tremble with fear

you will be no more forever

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 27:36.

Ezekiel 28:20

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 28:21

Son of man

set your face against Sidon

Sidon was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 6:2. Alternate translation: "Turn toward Sidon and stare angrily" or "stare toward Sidon so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

prophesy against

"prophesy about the bad things that will happen to." See how you translated this in Ezekiel 4:7.

Ezekiel 28:22

Behold!

"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!"

I will be glorified in your midst

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will reveal my glory among you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

know that I am Yahweh

when I execute justice within you

The abstract noun "justice" can be translated using the verb "judge." Alternate translation: "when I judge you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

I will be shown to be holy in you

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will use you to show you that I am holy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 28:23

General Information:

The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Sidon.

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Sidon.

blood in your streets

Here "blood" refers to the blood of the people of Sidon and represents those whom their enemies would kill. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the slain will fall

Here "the slain" means the people of Sidon whom their enemies would kill. Alternate translation: "the slain people will fall" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

When the sword comes against you

Here "sword" is a metonym for an attacking enemy army. Alternate translation: "When enemy armies attack you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 28:24

pricking briars and painful thorns for the house of Israel from all those around her who despise her people

Here the briars and thorns represent what would cause suffering and pain. Alternate translation: "people anywhere around the house of Israel who wound them like briars, hurt them like thorns, and despise them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 28:25

the house of Israel

among whom they were scattered

This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "among whom I scattered them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

so the nations may see

"in such a way as the nations will see it"

my servant Jacob

Here "Jacob" represents the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: "the descendants of my servant Jacob" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 28:26

within her

"in the land"

when I execute justice on all

The abstract noun "justice" can be translated using the verb "judge." Alternate translation: "when I judge all" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 29

Ezekiel 29:intro-0

Ezekiel 29 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter begins a prophecy against Egypt and its king, Pharaoh. Because Egypt did not fulfill its promise of protecting Judah, it will be conquered by Babylon. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/prophet.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/fulfill.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/promise.md]])

Ezekiel 29:1

In the tenth year

It can be stated clearly that this was the tenth year of Jehoiachin's exile. Alternate translation: "In the tenth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

in the tenth month on the twelfth day of the month

"on the twelfth day of the tenth month." This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twelfth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-hebrewmonths/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 29:2

Son of man

set your face against Pharaoh

This is a command to stare at Pharaoh as a symbol of punishing him and his people. Pharaoh was far away, so Ezekiel could not see him, but staring in his direction would be a symbol of harming him and his people. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 6:2. Alternate translation: "turn toward Pharaoh and stare" or "stare toward Pharaoh so that he and his people will be harmed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

prophesy against him and against all of Egypt

"tell the terrible things that will happen to him and everyone in Egypt"

Ezekiel 29:3

the great sea monster

"the huge creature that lives in the water." Yahweh calls Pharaoh a monster that lives in the water. The monster is probably a crocodile. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-symlanguage/01.md]])

Ezekiel 29:4

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh, speaking of him as though he were a monster in the water and the people of Egypt were fish. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-symlanguage/01.md]])

hooks

sharp and bent pieces of metal or wood that people use to catch fish and other animals in the water

scales

hard pieces of skin that are on fish, crocodiles, and other animals

Ezekiel 29:5

you will not be gathered nor lifted up

This can be stated in active form. The implication is that they would die in the wilderness. Alternate translation: "no one will gather you or pick you up" or "no one will gather your bodies and bury you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 29:6

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh.

know that I am Yahweh

they have been a reed stalk

The word "they" refers to the inhabitants of Egypt. A reed stalk is unreliable because it is easily broken. Yahweh speaks of them as a reed stalk because the people of Israel relied on the Egyptians to help them in war, but the Egyptians did not help them. Alternate translation: "they have been as unreliable as a reed stalk" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

reed

a plant that grows near water and looks like very large grass

stalk

the part of a reed that is long and like a thick stick. People can use them like sticks, but the stalks of reeds are not as strong as wood and can break suddenly.

Ezekiel 29:7

When they took hold of you in their hand

God speaks of Israel relying on Egypt as if they were taking hold of a reed stalk in order to use it as a crutch. Alternate translation: "When they relied on you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

When they took hold of you

The word "they" refers to the Israelites and the word "you" refers to Pharaoh or Pharaoh and Egypt.

you caused their legs to be unsteady

Because Egypt did not help the Israelites, the Israelites could not defend themselves against their enemy, the Babylonians. God speaks of the Israelites being unable to defend themselves as if their legs were unsteady. Alternate translation: "you caused them to be like people whose legs are unsteady" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 29:8

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh.

Behold!

"Look!" or "Listen!" This word adds emphasis to what is said next. This is the Lord's message to Pharaoh. Alternate translation: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!"

I will bring a sword against you

Here "sword" is a metonym for battle, and "bring a sword against you" is a metaphor for causing an enemy army to come fight against Egypt. Alternate translation: "I will cause your enemies to come fight against you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

a sword against you

The word "you" refers to the nation of Egypt. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

I will cut off both men and animals from you

Here "cut off" is a metaphor for destroying. God would do this by causing the enemy army to do it. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 29:9

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 29:10

I am against you and against your river

The word "you" refers to Pharaoh. God speaks to Pharaoh as if Pharaoh were a monster in the river.

I will give the land of Egypt over to desolation and waste

"I will put Egypt into the power of desolation and waste." Desolation and waste are spoken of as if they were people who could be given power over Egypt. Alternate translation: "I will cause Egypt to become a desolate waste" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

you will become a wasteland

Here "you" refers to Pharaoh and represents Egypt, the country he rules over. Alternate translation: "your country will become a wasteland" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

from the Migdol to Syene and the borders of Cush

This refers to all of Egypt. Where these places are can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "throughout all of Egypt, from Migdol in the north to Syene in the south and the borders of Cush further south" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Migdol

This is the name of a place in the far northern part of Egypt. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Syene

This the name of a town in southern Egypt. It is now called Aswan. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

the borders of Cush

These borders of Cush were south of Syene. Some versions say Sudan or Ethiopia, the modern names of countries south of Egypt. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Ezekiel 29:11

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh.

No man's foot will pass through it

Here "man's foot" represents people. Alternate translation: "No man will walk through the land of Egypt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

no wild animal's foot will pass through it

Here "animal's foot" represents animals. Alternate translation: "not even a wild animal will walk through it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Ezekiel 29:12

For I will make the land of Egypt a desolation

The abstract noun "desolation" can be expressed with the adjective "desolate." Alternate translation: "For I will make the land of Egypt desolate" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

I will scatter Egypt among the nations

Here "Egypt" represents the people of Egypt, and "scatter" represents causing them to move to other places. Alternate translation: "I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations" or "I will make the people of Egypt go and live among the nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 29:13

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh.

I will gather Egypt

Here "Egypt" is a metonym for the people of Egypt, and "gather" is a metaphor for causing them to return to Egypt. Alternate translation: "I will cause the people of Egypt to return to Egypt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

among whom they were scattered

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "among whom I scattered them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 29:14

I will restore the fortunes of Egypt

The phrase "fortunes of Egypt" is a metaphor for the people of Egypt who had been taken away to other countries. Alternate translation: "I will bring back the people of Egypt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the region of Pathros

the southern part of Egypt between the Delta and the land of Cush. This is also called Upper Egypt. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

a lowly kingdom

Here "lowly" represents unimportant. Alternate translation: "an unimportant kingdom" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 29:15

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh.

the lowliest of the kingdoms

Here "lowliest" represents least important. Alternate translation: "the least important of the kingdoms" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

it will not be lifted up any more among the nations

Here "be lifted up" represents becoming important. Alternate translation: "it will not become important again among the nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will diminish them

"I will make them small." Here "diminish them" represents making Egypt weak or unimportant. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 29:16

The Egyptians will no longer be a reason for confidence for the house of Israel

The abstract noun "confidence" can be translated with the verbs "trust" or "rely on." Alternate translation: "The house of Israel will no longer trust in the Egyptians" or "The house of Israel will no longer rely on the Egyptians" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the house of Israel

Here "house" represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" or "the nation of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

they will be a reminder of the iniquity that Israel committed

How Egypt would be a reminder can be stated clearly. The abstract nouns "reminder" and "iniquity" can be expressed with the verbs "remember" and "sin." Alternate translation: "when Israel sees what I do to Egypt, Israel will remember how Israel sinned" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

when they turned to Egypt for help

Here "turn ... for help" is a metonym for "ask ... for help." Alternate translation: "whenever they asked Egypt to help them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 29:17

it came about

This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.

in the twenty-seventh year

This was after King Jehoiachin and the people of Judah were taken as exiles to Babylon. Alternate translation: "in the twenty-seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

on the first of the first month

"on the first day of the first month." This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the beginning of April. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-hebrewmonths/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 29:18

Son of man

to do hard work against Tyre

The kind of hard work they did can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "to work hard at attacking Tyre" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Every head ... every shoulder

This refers to the heads and shoulders of the Babylonian soldiers.

Every head was rubbed until it was made bald

Either their helmets or the heavy things they carried on their heads rubbed the hair off their heads.

every shoulder was made raw

Either their armor or the heavy things they carried on their shoulders rubbed the skin off their shoulders. Alternate translation: "every shoulder was rubbed raw" or "every shoulder was rubbed bare"

he and his army received no payment from Tyre

Here "payment" represents the valuable things that Nebuchadnezzar's army would steal from Tyre as a reward for defeating it. God speaks of these things as if they were what God would pay them for working for him. Alternate translation: "he and his army did not get any valuable things from Tyre as reward" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 29:19

Behold!

"Look!" or "Listen!" This word adds emphasis to what is said next. Alternate translation: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!"

I am giving the land of Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon

Yahweh speaks of causing the army of Babylon to defeat Egypt as if God were giving Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: "I will cause the army of Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, to defeat Egypt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

that will be his army's wages

God speaks of these things that Nebuchadnezzar's army would take as if they were what God would pay them for working for him. Alternate translation: "his army will receive those things as if they were payment" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 29:20

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 29:21

I will make a horn sprout up for the house of Israel

An animal horn represents the animal's strength, so horn is a metonym for strength. God speaks of making Israel strong as if Israel were an animal, and he were to cause its horn to grow. Alternate translation: "I will make the people of Israel strong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Here it refers to the people of Israel, the descendants of Jacob whom God called Israel. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" or "the nation of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

speak in their midst

"speak to them"

Ezekiel 30

Ezekiel 30:intro-0

Ezekiel 30 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The prophecy against Egypt and its king continues in this chapter. Babylon will destroy all the towns of Egypt and their allies will not be able to help them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/prophet.md]])

Ezekiel 30:1

General Information:

Ezekiel tells about a message that Yahweh gave him.

The word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 30:2

Son of man

Wail

cry out with grief

Woe is the coming day

This exclamation expresses the fear that people would feel about a certain day when terrible and frightening things will happen. Alternate translation: "Oh that day" or "Oh, what a frightening day is coming" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclamations/01.md]])

Ezekiel 30:3

The day is near

"That day is soon" or "It will soon be that day"

The day is near for Yahweh

It is implied that on that day, Yahweh will punish people. Alternate translation: "It will soon be the day when Yahweh will punish you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

a day of clouds

Dark storm clouds represent danger and fear. Alternate translation: "It will be like a day with dark clouds" or "It will be frightening like a day with dark clouds" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

a time of doom for nations

The abstract noun "doom" can be translated with the phrase "terrible things will happen." Alternate translation: "a time when terrible things will happen to the nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 30:4

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words about Egypt.

Then a sword will come against Egypt

The word "sword" here represents war or an army that attacks. Alternate translation: "There will be war against Egypt" or "An enemy army will attack Egypt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

there will be anguish in Cush

The abstract noun "anguish" can be expressed in terms of how the people feel. Alternate translation: "the people of Cush will be very sad" or "the people of Cush will suffer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

when they take her wealth

"when the attackers take away the wealth of Egypt"

when her foundations are ruined

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "when the attackers destroy the foundations of the buildings in Egypt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 30:5

Cush and Put, Lydia and all Arabia, and Libya

These names refer to the people of these countries. Alternate translation: "The people of Cush and Put, Libya, and all Arabia, and Lydia" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Libya

Libya is a country west of Egypt. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Lydia

This probably refers to the kingdom of Lydia which was in what is now Turkey.

will all fall by the sword

Here the sword represents battle. Alternate translation: "will all die in battle" or "will all die in the war" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

will all fall by the sword

The word "all" here is a generalization. It means that many people will die. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

Ezekiel 30:6

Yahweh says this

"This is what Yahweh says." This sentence introduces what the Lord would say.

So the ones

"In this way, the peoples" or "In this manner, the nations"

who support Egypt

"who help Egypt"

will fall

"will die" or "come to ruin"

the pride of her strength will go down

This represents Egypt no longer being proud of their strength. The reason that they will not be proud is that they will no longer be strong. Alternate translation: "Egypt will no longer be proud about being strong" or "Egypt will no longer have the strength that they were so proud of" (See:[[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

From Migdol to Syene

Ezekiel names towns on the borders of Egypt in order to refer to all of Egypt. Alternate translation: "In all of Egypt" or "From the northern border of Egypt to the southern border of Egypt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-merism/01.md]])

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 30:7

They will be appalled in the midst of the abandoned lands

"The soldiers of the allies of Egypt will be appalled when they are left surrounded by nothing but abandoned lands"

in the midst of

"among" or "surrounded by"

their cities will be among all the ruined cities

Being "among" the ruined cities represents being ruined like the ruined cities of other countries. Alternate translation: "their cities will be ruined like the cities of other countries" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 30:8

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words about Egypt.

Then they

Possible meanings are 1) "Then people" or 2) "Then the Egyptians."

they will know that I am Yahweh

Yahweh is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated as similar phrase in Ezekiel 6:7. Alternate translation: "they will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "they will realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

when I set fire in Egypt

Here "set fire in Egypt" represents sending an army to attack Egypt and set fires. Alternate translation: "when I send an army to burn Egypt with fire" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

all of her helpers are destroyed

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I destroy all of the allies of Egypt" or "when armies destroy all of those who help Egypt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 30:9

messengers will go out from before me in ships to terrorize a secure Cush

Messengers will bring the news of Egypt's destruction to Cush, who will be frightened by the news.

to terrorize a secure Cush

"in order to frighten Cush, who now feels safe from danger"

there will be anguish among them on the day of Egypt's doom

The abstract noun "anguish" and "doom" can be translated with the words "suffer" and "punish." Alternate translation: "the people of Cush will also suffer when I punish Egypt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

behold!

The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as "indeed!"

It is coming

"It" refers to the "great pain" or "great sorrow" that Cush will have when they are punished along with Egypt.

Ezekiel 30:10

The Lord Yahweh says this

The word "this" refers to what follows. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 5:5.

I will make an end of the multitudes of Egypt

"I will make it so that Egypt will no longer have many people."

by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar

Here "the hand" represents Nebuchadnezzar's military power. Nebuchadnezzar will be the one who brings this punishment about.

Ezekiel 30:11

He and his army with him ... will be brought to destroy the land

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will bring Nebuchadnezzar and his army ... to destroy the land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

He and his army ... will be brought to destroy the land

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will cause him and his army ... to go destroy the land of Egypt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

He and his army with him, the terror of nations

Yahweh calls Nebuchadnezzar "the terror of the nations" because all of the nations are greatly afraid of his army. Alternate translation: "He and his army with him, the one who terrifies many nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

they will draw out their swords against Egypt

Here "draw out their swords" represents fighting with their swords. Alternate translation: "they will use their swords and fight against Egypt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

fill the land with those who have been killed

This is an exaggeration to show that the Babylonians will kill very many Egyptians. There will be so many dead Egyptians that it will seem that their dead bodies cover all of the land of Egypt. Alternate translation: "kill so many people that it will seem like dead bodies are everywhere" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

Ezekiel 30:12

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words about Egypt.

I will make the rivers into dry ground

"I will dry up the rivers of Egypt"

I will sell the land into the hand of wicked men

Yahweh will give the Babylonians control over Egypt just as a person who sells something gives the one who buys it control over that thing. Alternate translation: "I will give control of the land to wicked men" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

its fullness

"everything in the land"

Ezekiel 30:13

The Lord Yahweh says this

The word "this" refers to what follows. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 5:5.

I will bring an end to the worthless idols

"I will destroy the worthless idols"

Memphis

Memphis was a very important city in Egypt. It was near modern-day Cairo. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

a prince in the land of Egypt

"an important ruler in the land of Egypt"

I will put terror on the land of Egypt

Here "put terror on the land" represents causing the people of the land to be very afraid. Alternate translation: "I will make the people of Egypt very afraid" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 30:14

Pathros

This was a region in southern Egypt.

set fire in Zoan

"I will burn Zoan with fire"

Zoan

Zoan was another important city in Egypt.

I will execute acts of judgment on Thebes

The phrase "acts of judgment" refers to punishment. Alternate translation: "I will punish Thebes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Thebes

This was the capital city of southern Egypt.

Ezekiel 30:15

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words about Egypt.

For I will pour out my fury on Pelusium

Here "pour out my fury" represents punishing the people because of his great anger. Alternate translation: "For I will act in great anger against Pelusium" or "Because I am so angry, I will punish Pelusium severely" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Pelusium

Pelusium is the name of a fortress in northern Egypt. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

cut off the multitude of Thebes

Here "cut off" represents killing the people. Alternate translation: "kill the very large number of people in Thebes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Thebes

This was the capital city of southern Egypt. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:14.

Ezekiel 30:16

Then I will set fire in Egypt

Here "set fire" is an idiom meaning "start a fire." Alternate translation: "I will start a fire in Egypt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Pelusium will be in great agony

Here "Pelusium" is a metonym for the people of the city near Pelusium, and "be in great agony" can be translated with the verb "suffer." Alternate translation: "The people of Pelusium will suffer terribly" or "The people of Pelusium will feel terrible pain" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Thebes will be broken up

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "enemies will break up the walls and buildings in Thebes" or "enemies will destroy the Thebes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Memphis will face enemies every day

Here "face enemies" represents seeing or having enemies. The name of the city is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: "The people of Memphis will have enemies every day" or "Enemies will fight against the people of Memphis every day" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Memphis

Memphis was a very important city in Egypt. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 30:13.

Ezekiel 30:17

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words about Egypt.

Heliopolis and Bubastis

These were cities in northern Egypt. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

will fall by the sword

The word "sword" is used here to refer to a battle or war. Alternate translation: "will die in battle" or "will die in the war" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

their cities will go into captivity

Here "cities" represents the people of the cities. The abstract noun "captivity" can be expressed with the more concrete noun "captive" or the verb "capture" Alternate translation: "the people of their cities will become captives" or "their enemies will capture their people and take them away" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 30:18

Tahpanhes

This was an important city in northern Egypt.

the day will hold back its light

The day is spoken of as if it were able to keep its own light from shining. Alternate translation: "the day will be dark" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

when I break the yoke of Egypt there

The word "yoke" here refers to Egypt's power to oppress people. Alternate translation: "when I stop Egypt from oppressing people" or "when I end Egypt's power to cruelly control other nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the pride of her strength will be finished

There will be a cloud covering her

Possible meanings are 1) the dark cloud represents how sad the people of Egypt will feel. Alternate translation: "It will be as if there is a cloud over Egypt" or 2) there will be a cloud of dust over Egypt from everything that is destroyed. Alternate translation: "A cloud of dust will be over Egypt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

her daughters

Possible meanings are 1) the people of the Egyptian towns or 2) the daughters of the Egyptian people

Ezekiel 30:19

I will execute acts of judgment in Egypt

The phrase "acts of judgment" refers to punishment. Alternate translation: "I will punish Egypt in many ways" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

so they

"so the Egyptians"

Ezekiel 30:20

General Information:

God speaks of making Pharaoh's army weak as if he were to break Pharaoh's arm, and of the army not being able to become strong again as if Pharaoh's arm could not be healed. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parables/01.md]])

Then it came about

This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-newevent/01.md]])

in the eleventh year

This is the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 26:1.

in the first month, in the seventh day of the month

"in the seventh day of the first month." This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The seventh day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-hebrewmonths/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 30:21

Son of man

I have broken the arm of Pharaoh

Here "arm" represents the powerful army of a king. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parables/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Behold

"Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important"

It has not been bound up

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "No one has bound up his arm" or "No one has wrapped up his arm" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

or set to heal with a bandage

Here "set to heal with a bandage" refers to the arm being wrapped tightly in a bandage so that the parts of the bone will stay together and heal.

Ezekiel 30:22

General Information:

God continues speaking of Pharaoh's army as if it were a broken arm. He also speaks of strengthening the army of Babylon as if it were the arms of the king of Babylon. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parables/01.md]])

the Lord Yahweh says this

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:11.

both the strong one and the broken one

"both the arm that is healthy and the arm that is already broken"

I will make the sword fall from his hand

"I will knock the sword out of Pharaoh's hand"

Ezekiel 30:23

scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them among the lands

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated similar phrases in Ezekiel 12:15. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

among the lands

"among the places in which people live"

Ezekiel 30:24

I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon

"I will make the arms of the king of Babylon strong"

He will groan before the king of Babylon

"When the king of Babylon comes to attack Egypt, Pharaoh will groan."

groan

A groan is a noise that people make when they have a lot of pain or are dying.

with the groans of a dying man

"as a man who is dying groans" or "like a man who is dying"

Ezekiel 30:25

General Information:

God continues speaking of the armies of Egypt and Babylon as if the armies were the arms of their kings. He also speaks of making the army of Babylon strong to attack others as if he had a sword and put it in the Babylonian king's hand. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parables/01.md]])

For I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon

Here "arms" are a metonym for the army. Alternate translation: "I will make the army of the king of Babylon strong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

while Pharaoh's arms will fall

Here "Pharaoh's arms" is a metonym for his army, and "will fall" represents being weak. Alternate translation: "but Pharaoh's army will be unable to defeat enemies" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Then they

The word "they" possibly refers to 1) "the Egyptians" or 2) "all people who hear what Yahweh has done."

for he will attack the land of Egypt with it

"and the king of Babylon will attack the land of Egypt with my sword"

Ezekiel 30:26

scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them through the lands

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated similar phrases in Ezekiel 12:15. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

Ezekiel 31

Ezekiel 31:intro-0

Ezekiel 31 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The prophecy against Egypt and its king continues in this chapter. God told Egypt to remember what happened to Assyria when it became proud. This same things will now happen to Egypt. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/prophet.md]])

Ezekiel 31:1

it came about

This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.

in the eleventh year

"in year 11." This means the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 26:1. Alternate translation: "in the eleventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

in the third month, on the first day of the month

"on the first day of the third month." This is the third month of the Hebrew calendar. This first day is near the beginning of June on Western calendars. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-hebrewmonths/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 31:2

Son of man

In your greatness, who are you like?

"Who is as great as you are?" Yahweh uses this question to introduce a new topic. Pharaoh thought that his nation was the greatest, but God is about to talk about another great nation. Alternate translation: "You think that there is no country whose power is as great as the power of your country." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Ezekiel 31:3

General Information:

These are God's words to Pharaoh about Assyria. God gives his message in the form of a parable about a great cedar tree. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parables/01.md]])

Behold!

"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!"

Assyria was a cedar

In this parable, God speaks about Assyria as if it were a great tree to emphasize how great and powerful the Assyrians were. This parable continues until 31:9. Alternate translation: "Assyria was like a cedar" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parables/01.md]])

the branches formed its treetop

"its top was above the branches of the other trees." Some versions of the Bible translate this as "the top of the tree was in the clouds."

Ezekiel 31:4

Many waters made it tall

"Because the cedar had a lot of water, it grew very tall"

the deep waters made it huge

"the water deep in the ground made the cedar grow very big"

for their channels stretched out to all the trees in the field

"and streams flowed from the rivers to all the trees of the field"

Ezekiel 31:5

General Information:

Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues.

Its great height was more than any of the other trees in the field

"The cedar was taller than any of the other trees of the field"

its branches became very many

"it grew very many branches"

because of many waters as they grew

"because it had a lot of water"

Ezekiel 31:6

Every bird of the heavens nested in its branches

"All kinds of birds that fly in the sky made nests in its branches"

while every living thing of the field gave birth to its young under its foliage

"and all of the creatures that live in the field gave birth under the cedar's branches"

All of the many nations lived under its shade

"All of the great nations lived in the shade of that tree." Here "nations" represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: "The people from all the nations lived in the shade of that tree" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 31:7

it was beautiful in its greatness and the length of its branches

"It was beautiful because it was very big and its branches were very long"

Ezekiel 31:8

General Information:

Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues.

Cedars in the garden of God could not equal it

Since these were God's words to Pharaoh, it can also be translated with the first person. Alternate translation: "The cedar trees in my garden were not as great as that tree" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

the garden of God

This is another way of referring to "the garden of Eden."

None among the cypress trees matched its branches

Yahweh was comparing how many branches the trees had. Alternate translation: "None of the cypress trees had as many branches as the cedar" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

cypress trees

Cypress trees have very many branches. They can grow very tall. See how you translated "cypress" in Ezekiel 27:5.

the plane tree could not equal its boughs

It was implied Yahweh was comparing the long branches of the cedar tree with the long branches of the plane tree. Alternate translation: "the plane tree did not have branches like the cedar tree" or "no plane tree had branches as long as the branches of the cedar tree" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

plane tree

A plane tree was a large, leafy tree with strong branches. It is similar to a sycamore tree. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-unknown/01.md]])

was like it in its beauty

"was as beautiful as the cedar tree"

Ezekiel 31:9

I made it beautiful with its many branches

"I made the cedar beautiful by giving it many long branches"

envied it

"were jealous of the cedar tree"

Ezekiel 31:10

General Information:

Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues.

Therefore the Lord Yahweh says this

Since Yahweh is speaking this can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: "Therefore, this is what I, Yahweh the Lord, say" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

it set its treetop between its branches

"its top was above the branches of the other trees." Some versions of the Bible translate this as "the top of the tree was in the clouds."

Ezekiel 31:11

I have given it into the hand of a mighty one of the nations

The word "hand" represents control. Alternate translation: "I put it in the power of the strongest nation" or "I gave the strongest nation power over it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I have thrown it out

"I sent the cedar away from the cedar's land because the cedar was wicked"

Ezekiel 31:12

General Information:

Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues.

who were the terror of all the nations

The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "afraid." And here "nations" represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: "who made the people of all the nations afraid" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

cut it off

"cut the cedar down"

its boughs lay broken

"the foreigners broke the boughs of the cedar"

boughs

Boughs are very large branches that grow on trees. Usually, many smaller branches grow on the boughs.

came out from under its shade

"left the shade of the cedar"

Ezekiel 31:13

General Information:

Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues.

All the birds of the sky

"All the birds that fly in the sky"

rested on the trunk of the fallen tree

"rested on the remains of the cedar"

trunk

The trunk is a very thick part of the tree that comes out of the ground and holds up the rest of the tree.

every animal of the field came to its branches

"the wild animals lived in the branches of the cedar"

Ezekiel 31:14

that no other trees that grow by the waters

"that no other trees that get a lot of water"

will lift up their foliage to the height of the tallest trees

"will grow taller than the branches of other trees." Some Bibles translate this as "will set their tops among the clouds."

that no other trees that grow beside the waters will reach up to that height

"that no other trees that get a lot of water will ever grow that tall again"

All of them have been assigned to death, to the earth below

This can be stated in active form. And the abstract noun "death" can be stated "die." Alternate translation: "For I made it so that they all will die and go deep under the ground" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

among the children of humanity, with those that go down to the pit

"to be with those people who have died and gone down to the grave"

the pit

This refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 26:20. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 31:15

General Information:

Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. Here, Yahweh speaks about the great sadness caused by the tree being cut down as if even the waters, Lebanon, and the wild trees all mourned for the cedar.

On the day when the cedar went down to Sheol

The phrase "went down to Sheol" means "died." Alternate translation: "On the day that the cedar died" or "On the day that the cedar was chopped down" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

I brought mourning to the earth

The abstract noun "mourning" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "I caused the earth to mourn" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

I covered the deep waters over it

The word "covered" possibly refers to putting on clothes for mourning. Alternate translation: "I made the water from the springs mourn for the cedar" or "it was as though the springs that watered it mourned for it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I held back the ocean waters

"I kept the water in the ocean from watering the earth"

I kept back the great waters

"I made it so that there would not be a lot of water anymore"

I brought mourning to Lebanon for him

The abstract noun "mourning" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "I made Lebanon mourn for the cedar" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 31:16

General Information:

Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues.

when I threw it down to Sheol with those who went down into the pit

Here "threw it down to Sheol" is an idiom that means to kill. "The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 31:14. Alternate translation: "when I killed the cedar and it went to Sheol with everyone else that is dead" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

in the lowest parts of the earth

"that were already deep down in the ground." This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "that had already died and are now in Sheol" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

the choicest and best trees of Lebanon; the trees that drank the waters

"the best trees of Lebanon that everyone would want; trees that got a lot of water." This is describing the trees of Eden that were in the lowest parts of the earth.

the choicest

This is something that everyone would want because it is very good.

Ezekiel 31:17

General Information:

Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues.

they also went down with it to Sheol

Here "went down ... to Sheol" is an idiom that means to die. Alternate translation: "those trees of Lebanon also died and went down to Sheol with the cedar" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

who had been killed by the sword

Here "sword" represents enemies who fought them in battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "whom enemies had killed with swords" or "who had died in battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

These were its strong arm

"These trees of Lebanon were its strong arm." The phrase "strong arm" represents "power." Alternate translation: "These trees of Lebanon were the power of the cedar" or "These trees strengthened the cedar" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 31:18

Which of the trees in Eden was your equal in glory and greatness?

"Which of these trees in Eden had as much glory as you and was as great as you?" God asks Pharaoh this question to show him that the parable applies to him and his country. It can start with "So Pharaoh" or "So Egypt." Alternate translation: "None of the trees in Eden was your equal in glory and greatness!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

For you will be brought down

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "For I will bring you down" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

with the trees of Eden

"like the other trees of Eden"

to the lowest parts of the earth

"to a place deep in the ground"

among the uncircumcised

"where you will be with people who are not circumcised"

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 32

Ezekiel 32:intro-0

Ezekiel 32 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The prophecy against Egypt and its king concludes in this chapter. Egypt will have its army destroyed, just as happened to so many other nations. Beginning in verse 1, the land of Egypt is addressed through Pharaoh, its king, so God refers to Egypt as "he" and "him." However, beginning in verse 12, Egypt is referred to as "she" and "her," as if she were a woman. It was common in Hebrew for lands and countries to be referred to as if they were women. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:1

Then it happened

This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.

in the twelfth month ... on the first of the month

This is the twelfth and final month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the end of February. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-hebrewmonths/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

of the twelfth year

This refers to the twelfth year of the reign of King Jehoiachin. Alternate translation: "of the twelfth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 32:2

Son of man

lift up

"sing"

You are like a young lion ... like a monster in the seas

Possible meanings are 1) he thought he was like a lion, but he was really only a monster, or 2) he was like a lion and a monster.

like a young lion among the nations

Egypt was stronger than other nations, like lions are stronger than other animals. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

like a monster in the seas

Pharaoh was powerful, but he only caused trouble for others, like this monster in the water. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

monster

A monster is an animal that is big and dangerous. This one might be a crocodile. See how you translated this word in Ezekiel 29:3.

Ezekiel 32:3

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh and to speak of him as if he were a monster, perhaps a crocodile, in the water.

The Lord Yahweh says this

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 5:5.

So I will spread my net over you in the assembly of many peoples

God's punishment of Pharaoh is spoken of as if the king were the river monster caught in a net. Alternate translation: "So I will gather many peoples and throw my net over you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:4

I will abandon you in the land

"I will leave you helpless on the land." The monster that was fearsome and powerful when it was in the water cannot do anything when it is left on dry land.

all the birds of the heavens

"all the birds that fly in the sky"

the hunger of all living animals on earth will be satisfied by you

This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: "I will let all the animals of the earth eat your body until they are hungry no longer" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:5

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh and to compare him to a monster that lives in the water.

your worm-filled corpse

The worms help the dead body to rot. Alternate translation: "your rotting body" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:6

the stream beds will be filled with your blood

This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: "I will fill the streams with your blood" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:7

General Information:

Yahweh continues telling Pharaoh what he will do to Egypt.

when I extinguish you

It was common to speak of a person's life as if it were a lamp that could be put out. Alternate translation: "When I destroy you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will cover the heavens

Yahweh speaks of making the stars dark as if he were putting a cover over the sky. Alternate translation: "I will make everything in the sky go dark" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:8

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 32:9

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh.

I will terrify the heart of many peoples

Here "heart" represents the people's emotions. Alternate translation: "I will make the hearts of many peoples afraid" or "I will cause many people to be terrified" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

in lands that you do not know

The way that Yahweh destroys Egypt will make afraid even people in lands that Pharaoh never knew about.

when I bring about your collapse among the nations

The nation of Egypt, symbolized by its king, is spoken of as if it were a building that was collapsing. Alternate translation: "when nations hear about the way I destroyed you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:10

when I swing my sword

Here swinging a sword represents using the sword. Alternate translation: "when I use my sword" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Every moment each one will tremble because of you

Here "tremble" is an action that people often do when they are very afraid. Alternate translation: "Every one of them will keep shaking because of their fear"

on the day of your downfall

The idea of falling down ("downfall") represents dying. Alternate translation: "when I destroy you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:11

General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh.

The sword of the king of Babylon will come against you

Here "sword" represents an army. Alternate translation: "The army of the king of Babylon will attack you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:12

each warrior a terror of nations

The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "terrifies" or "afraid." Alternate translation: "Each warrior terrifies the nations" or "each one of them makes the nations afraid" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

will devastate the pride of Egypt

The abstract noun "pride" can be stated as "proud." Alternate translation: "will cause the Egyptians to no longer be proud" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

destroy all of its multitudes

Here "all" is probably a generalization that refers to the killing of large numbers of soldiers, and perhaps other people also. Alternate translation: "kill a very large number of people who live in Egypt" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:13

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking.

from beside the plentiful waters

"in the places where there is a lot of water"

the foot of man will no longer stir the waters up

The foot here is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: "people will no longer stir the waters up with their feet" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

stir the waters

make clear water muddy

the hooves of cattle stir them

The hoof is a synecdoche for cattle. Alternate translation: "cattle stir them with their hooves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:14

Then I will calm their waters

Possible meanings are 1) "I will make the water calm" or 2) "I will make the water clear." When no one stirs up the water, the dirt settles down and the water becomes clear.

Ezekiel 32:15

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking.

When I make the land of Egypt an abandoned place

This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: "When I make the land of Egypt a place where no one is living" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

when the land is made bare of all its fullness

"when the country is made to lose all its wealth"

when I attack all the inhabitants in her

Here the idea of attacking represents destroying. Alternate translation: "when I destroy all who live in her" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

in her

It was normal in biblical language to represent countries and lands as if they were women. Alternate translation: "in it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

know that I am Yahweh

Ezekiel 32:16

over her

It was normal in biblical language to represent countries and lands as if they were women. Alternate translation: "over it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the daughters of the nations

Possible meanings are 1) "the women of other nations" or 2) "people of other nations"

over Egypt, over all her multitudes

"about Egypt, about all her multitudes" or "about the disaster that happened to Egypt, about the disaster that happened to all her multitudes"

Ezekiel 32:17

Then it happened

This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new message. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.

in the twelfth year

Possible meanings are 1) This happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took the Israelites to Babylon or 2) this happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took Jehoiachin to Babylon. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 32:18

Son of man

bring them down—her and the daughters of majestic nations

God is perhaps telling Ezekiel to cause this to happen by giving a prophetic command.

her

Once again, the land of Egypt is referred to as a woman.

the daughters of majestic nations

Possible meanings are 1) "the people of powerful nations" or 2) "other powerful nations."

the lowest earth

"to the places under the ground." When people died, they were put in the ground. So "bring them down ... to the lowest earth" means "make them die." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

with those who have gone down to the pit

"with everyone else who has died and gone into the ground"

the pit

"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 31:16. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:19

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. He speaks of the people of Egypt as if they were a woman. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Are you really more beautiful than anyone else? Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised.

This is a question and command that the prophet is to ask the Egyptians. Alternate translation: "Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised. Ask them all: 'Are you really more beautiful than anyone else?'" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Go down

It is implied that they must go down to Sheol. Alternate translation: "Go down to Sheol" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

lie down

as in death. If your language has a word for dead people lying down that is different from the word for live people lying down to sleep, use it here.

Are you really more beautiful than anyone else?

This question really makes a statement. Alternate translation: "You are not more beautiful than anyone else." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:20

They will fall

"Egypt and her people will fall"

who were killed by the sword

The word "sword" is a metonym for a soldier who kills people with a sword.This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: "whom enemy soldiers killed with swords" or "who died in battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

The sword has been drawn!

The word "sword" here is a metonym for war that people fight with swords. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "War has begun" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

She has been given to the sword

This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: "I have given Egypt to the sword" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

they will seize her and her multitudes

"her enemies will seize Egypt and her people"

Ezekiel 32:21

about Egypt and her allies

"about the Egyptians and those who join them"

Ezekiel 32:22

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol. Because what God is showing Ezekiel may be for future time, either the present tense or the future tense is suitable for these verses and the following verses.

Assyria is there with all her assembly

The land of Assyria is represented as a woman. Alternate translation: "The people of Assyria and all its army are there in Sheol" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

her assembly

"all her people together"

all of them were killed by the sword

The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: "Soldiers used swords to kill them all" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:23

are set in the recesses of the pit

"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 32:18. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

all of those who were killed, who fell by the sword

This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: "all those whom enemies killed in battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

fell by the sword

The word "fell" here is a euphemism for "died." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])

those who brought terror on the land of the living

The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "afraid." Alternate translation: "those who, when they were still alive, caused people to be extremely afraid" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the land of the living

This represents the people who were alive. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:24

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol.

Elam is there

Here "Elam" refers to the people of that country. Alternate translation: "The people of Elam are also there in Sheol" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

her multitudes

Possible meanings are 1) her many people or 2) her army.

Her graves surround her

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 32:22.

all of them were killed

This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: "Her enemies killed them all" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Those who fell by the sword

Translate "who fell by the sword" as in Ezekiel 32:23.

by the sword

Here "the sword" is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. Alternate translation: "in battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

who have gone down uncircumcised

"who were uncircumcised when they went down"

to the lowest parts of the earth

"to places deep down in the ground" or "to the land deep down in the ground." See how you translated "in the lowest realms of the earth" in Ezekiel 26:20.

who brought their terrors

The abstract noun "terrors" can be stated as "afraid." See how you translated "brought terror" in Ezekiel 32:23. Alternate translation: "those who, when they were still alive, caused people to be extremely afraid" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the land of the living

This represents the people who were alive. See how you translated "the land of the living" in Ezekiel 32:23. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

who carry their own shame

Shame is spoken of as if it were an object that one could carry where he goes. Alternate translation: "who feel ashamed" or "who are now disgraced" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the pit

"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 32:23. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:25

They set a bedroll for Elam and all her multitudes

Space being made in Sheol for the dead is spoken of as if the dead were given beds to lie on. Alternate translation: "They gave beds to Elam and all its people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in the midst of the slain

"with all the other people who were killed"

All of them are uncircumcised

The Israelites did not respect people who were not circumcised. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

pierced by the sword, because

The word "pierced" here is a metonym for "killed." This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "their enemies have killed them with swords because" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Elam is among all those who were killed

This is very similar to the first part of the verse. Alternate translation: "The dead people gave Elam a place to lie among themselves"

Ezekiel 32:26

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol.

Meshech ... Tubal

See how you translated these names in Ezekiel 27:13.

Their graves surround them

See how you translated "her graves surround her" in Ezekiel 32:22.

killed by the sword

Here "the sword" represents warfare. Alternate translation: "killed in battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

they had brought their terrors on the land of the living

Causing people to fear is spoken of as if it were the act of bringing an object to them. The abstract noun "terrors" can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: "they terrified everyone in the land of the living" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

All of them ... land of the living

See how you translated "All of them ... land of the living" in Ezekiel 32:25.

Ezekiel 32:27

their iniquities over their bones

The warriors' iniquities cover their bodies, although one would expect that their shields would cover them in death. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

they were the terror of warriors in the land of the living

"while they were still alive, they made other warriors very afraid"

in the land of the living

The time during which these warriors were living is spoken of as if it were a place. Alternate translation: "while they were alive" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:28

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking.

you ... will be broken

"Broken" here represents "destroyed." This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: "I will destroy you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

in the midst of

"in the middle of"

those who were pierced

The word "pierced" here is a metonym for "killed." This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 32:25. Alternate translation: "those whose enemies have killed them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

by the sword

This represents being in warfare. Alternate translation: "in battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:29

Edom is there with her kings and all her leaders

Here "Edom" represents all the people of Edom. Alternate translation: "the people of Edom are in Sheol with their kings and all their leaders" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the pit

"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 32:25. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:30

The princes of the north

"The princes who ruled nations in the north"

are there

"are in Sheol"

went down

"went down to Sheol"

had been pierced

The word "pierced" here is a metonym for "killed." This can be translated in active form. See how you translated similar words in Ezekiel 32:25. Alternate translation: "whom enemies had killed with swords" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

by the sword

This represents being in warfare. Alternate translation: "in battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

They carry their own shame

Shame is spoken of as if it were an object that one could carry where he goes. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 32:25. Alternate translation: "who feel ashamed" or "who are now disgraced" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the pit

"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 32:29.

Ezekiel 32:31

Pharaoh will look

It can be made explicit who Pharaoh will see. Alternate translation: "Pharaoh will see all the dead people from other nations" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

be comforted about all his multitudes

It is implied that Pharaoh will be comforted because the armies of other great kings also died. Alternate translation: "will comfort himself that he was not the only king whose entire army died" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 32:32

I put him as my terrifying one in the land of the living

"While Pharaoh was still alive, I made him to terrify people"

he will be laid down in the midst of the uncircumcised

This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: "Others will lay him in the midst of the uncircumcised" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33

Ezekiel 33:intro-0

Ezekiel 33 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Repentance

God does not want sinners to die. He wants them to repent and live. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/repent.md]])

Ezekiel 33:1

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 33:2

Son of man

a sword against any land

The word "sword" refers to an enemy army that attacks. Also, "land" refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: "an army to attack the people of any land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

make him a watchman

"appoint him as a guard" or "make him guard"

Ezekiel 33:3

He looks for the sword

Here "sword" represents an enemy army. Alternate translation: "He looks for an enemy army" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33:4

do not pay attention

"ignore the warning"

each one's blood is on his own head

Here "blood" represents death. The phrase "on his own head" is an idiom that means the person will be held responsible. Alternate translation: "it is their own fault if they die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33:5

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites.

his blood is on him

Here "blood" represents a person's death. The phrase "on him" is an idiom that means that person is considered responsible. Alternate translation: "it will be his own fault that he dies"

save his own life

"will keep himself from dying"

Ezekiel 33:6

the sword as it is coming

The word "sword" refers to an enemy army. Alternate translation: "the enemy army as it is coming" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

with the result that the people are not warned

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "and he does not warn the people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the sword comes and takes anyone's life

Here "sword" represents an enemy army. Alternate translation: "the enemy army comes and kills anyone" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

that person dies in his own sin

"that person dies because of his own sin"

I will require his blood from the watchman

Here "blood" represents a person's death. The phrase "I will require his blood from" is an idiom that means to consider someone responsible. Alternate translation: "I will consider that person's death to be the fault of the watchman" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33:7

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel.

the house of Israel

Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

you will hear the words from my mouth and warn them on my behalf

Here "mouth" represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: "you will hear the message that I speak and you will warn them on my behalf" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

warn them on my behalf

"warn them as my representative" or "give them the warning from me"

Ezekiel 33:8

do not announce this

"do not say this"

about his way

"the way he acts" or "the things he does." See how you translated "your ways" in Ezekiel 7:3.

I will require his blood from your hand

Here "blood" represents a person's death. The phrase "require ... from your hand" is an idiom that means to consider someone responsible. Alternate translation: "I will consider you responsible for his death" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33:9

he might turn back from it, and if he does not turn back from his way

A person no longer behaving in a certain way is spoken of as if he physically turns and goes back on a path. Alternate translation: "he might stop doing bad things, and if he does not stop doing bad things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

will have saved your own life

"will have kept yourself alive"

Ezekiel 33:10

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites.

the house of Israel

Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

You are saying this

"This is what you have said"

Our transgressions and our sins are on us

Possible meanings are 1) "on us" is a metaphor that means they feel guilty for their transgressions and sins or 2) "on us" is a metaphor that means they realize that Yahweh is punishing them for their transgressions and sins. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

we are decaying in them

"we are rotting away because of them." Being destroyed because of sin is spoken of as if the person's flesh were rotting. Alternate translation: "they are destroying us" or "they are killing us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in them

"because of them"

How can we live?

The people ask this question to emphasize that they have no hope of living. Alternate translation: "We have no hope of living." or "We will certainly die." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33:11

I do not delight in the death of the wicked

The abstract noun "death" can be stated as "die." And the nominal adjective "the wicked" can be stated as "wicked people." Alternate translation: "It does not make me happy when wicked people die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

if the wicked repents from his way

Here "way" represents how a person behaves. Alternate translation: "if the wicked person stops doing bad things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

For why should you die, house of Israel?

Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he does not want the people of Israel to die. Alternate translation: "Do not choose to die, house of Israel!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33:12

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites.

The righteousness of a righteous person will not save him if he sins!

The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as the adjective "right." It is implied that they will not be saved from God's punishment. Alternate translation: "If righteous people start to sin, the fact that they did what was right before will not stop me from punishing them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

The wickedness of a wicked person will not cause him to perish

The abstract noun "wickedness" can be stated as the adjective "wicked." Alternate translation: "A person who does what is wicked will not perish" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33:13

if he trusts in his righteousness

The person thinks that because he was righteous, Yahweh will not punish him, even if he sins. The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as the adjective "right." Alternate translation: "if he depends on the right things he has done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

commits injustice

"does what is evil" or "does wicked things"

I will not call to mind

This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "I will not think about" or "I will not recall" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

for the wickedness he committed

The abstract noun "wickedness" can be stated as the adjective "wicked" Alternate translation: "because of the wicked things he has done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33:14

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites.

to the wicked

The nominal adjective "the wicked" can be stated as "the wicked person." Alternate translation: "to the wicked person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-nominaladj/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33:15

if he restores the loan guarantee

"if he gives back the loan guarantee"

loan guarantee

something a person leaves with another person to show that he will keep his promise to pay back what he has borrowed

makes restitution for what he has stolen

"returns what he has stolen" or "pays back the value of what he stole"

walks in the statutes that give life

Acting or behaving in a certain way is spoken of as if it were walking. Alternate translation: "lives according to the laws that give life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33:16

will be called to mind for him

The phrase "call to mind" is an idiom that means to remember. The phrase "will be called" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "will I think about" or "will I recall" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33:17

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites.

your people

These are the people of Israel. The word "your" refers to Ezekiel.

The way of the Lord ... your ways that are not fair

Behaviors or actions is spoken of as if they were a way or road on which a person travels. Alternate translation: "What the Lord does ... the things you do that are not fair" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

but it is your ways

The word "your" refers to the people of Israel. This can be stated in third person. Alternate translation: "but it is their ways" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33:18

turns away from his righteousness

No longer doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: "stops doing what is right" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

die in it

"die because of his sins"

Ezekiel 33:19

turns away from his wickedness

No longer doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: "stops doing wicked things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

because of those things

"because he does what is just and righteous"

Ezekiel 33:20

you people

These are the people of Israel.

house of Israel

Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "people of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33:21

It happened

This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.

the twelfth year ... fifth day ... tenth month

"year 12 ... day 5 ... month 10" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

on the fifth day of the tenth month

This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-hebrewmonths/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

of our captivity

Here "our" refers to Ezekiel and the Israelites who have been in Babylon since the time the Babylonians forced King Jehoiachin to leave Jerusalem, but not to the reader. Alternate translation: "after we became captives" or "after the Babylonians took us as captives to Babylon" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

a fugitive came to me from Jerusalem

"someone escaped from Jerusalem and came to me" The Babylonians had destroyed Jerusalem and killed the people of Jerusalem, but a few people escaped.

The city has been captured

The phrase "the city" refers to "Jerusalem." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The Babylonians have destroyed Jerusalem" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33:22

The hand of Yahweh had been on me

The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. A person with his hand on another person has power over that person. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 1:3. Alternate translation: "Yahweh was controlling me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

my mouth was opened

This phrase is an idiom that means to be able to speak. It can be stated in active form. See how you translated "I will open your mouth" in Ezekiel 3:27. Alternate translation: "I was able to speak" or "Yahweh enabled me to speak" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

dawn

The word "dawn" refers to the time early in the morning when the light of the sun first appears.

I was no longer mute

"I was no longer forced to be silent" or "I was no longer unable to speak" Ezekiel had been unable to speak anything except prophetic words since Ezekiel 3:26.

Ezekiel 33:23

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 33:24

those ruins

Possible meanings are 1) "those ruined buildings" or 2) "those ruined cities"

he inherited the land

Yahweh giving the land to Abraham is spoken of as if Abraham inherited the land. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave him the land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the land

"the land of Israel"

The land has been given to us

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has given us the land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

as a possession

The abstract noun "possession" can be stated as "possess." Alternate translation: "so that we can possess it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33:25

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people who were living in the ruins of Israel.

You eat blood

It is implied that they eat blood by eating meat that still has blood in it. Yahweh had commanded them to drain out the blood. Alternate translation: "You eat meat with blood in it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

you lift up your eyes towards your idols

"you look to your idols" This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "you worship your idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

you pour out people's blood

Here "blood" represents a person's life. To pour out blood is an idiom that means to murder. Alternate translation: "you murder people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Should you really possess the land?

Yahweh used this question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: "You should not possess this land!" or "You do not deserve this land!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33:26

You have depended on your swords

Here "swords" represent doing violent things. Alternate translation: "You have committed violent acts with your swords to get what you want" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

done disgusting things

"done things that I hate very much"

each man defiles his neighbor's wife

It is implied that they defile their neighbor's wives by sleeping with them. Alternate translation: "each man sleeps with his neighbor's wife" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33:27

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people who were living in the ruins of Israel.

As I live

the ones in the ruins will fall by the sword

The phrase "fall by the sword" is an idiom. Alternate translation: "enemies will kill the ones living in the ruins" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

those in fortresses and in caves will die of plagues

"plagues will kill the people who live in fortresses and caves"

fortresses

A fortress is a building that people build to protect themselves from enemies who attack them.

caves

Caves are natural holes in the side of a mountain or down in the ground. They are usually made of rock.

Ezekiel 33:28

the pride of its might will end

The word "it" refers to the land, which refers to the people of the land. Alternate translation: "the people of the land will not be proud anymore that they are strong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the mountains of Israel will be deserted

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "no one will live in the mountains of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

there will be no one to pass through them

"there will be no one left to travel through the land or over the mountains"

Ezekiel 33:29

know that I am Yahweh

all the abominations that they have done

The abstract noun "abominations" can be stated as "things I hate." Alternate translation: "all the things they have done that I hate" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

they have done

"the people have done"

Ezekiel 33:30

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel.

that comes out from Yahweh

"that Yahweh tells him to speak" or "that Yahweh gives him"

Ezekiel 33:31

Right words are in their mouths, but their hearts are going after unjust profit

Here "mouths" represent speaking. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: "They speak about loving me, but their hearts are going after unjust profit" or 2) Alternate translation: "They speak about the things they lust after, and their hearts are going after unjust profit" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

their hearts are going after unjust profit

Here "hearts" represents desire. Alternate translation: "in their hearts they want to get their unjust profit" or "they desire to get things in ways that are not just" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 33:32

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people of Israel.

you are like a lovely song to them

Here "you" refers to Ezekiel, and here he represents the message he speaks. This compares Ezekiel's message to a lovely song, which means the people enjoy listening to him, but they do not think his message is important enough to obey. Alternate translation: "they think that your words are like a lovely song" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

a lovely song

Possible meanings are 1) "a beautiful song" or 2) "a love song" or "a song about love."

that is well played on a stringed instrument

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that someone plays very well on a stringed instrument" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

stringed instrument

something that has strings and people use to make music

Ezekiel 33:33

behold!

The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: "indeed!"

that a prophet has been among them

"that I really sent you as a prophet to them"

Ezekiel 34

Ezekiel 34:intro-0

Ezekiel 34 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# God protects the people

God is against those who exploit others. He will protect and take care of his people. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/peopleofgod.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphor

The people of Israel are compared to sheep and God and the son of David as good shepherds. This is a common metaphor in scripture. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 34:1

General Information:

In chapter 34, Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel were the shepherds that were supposed to care for the flock but have not. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 34:2

Son of man

the shepherds of Israel

The leaders of Israel are spoken as if they were shepherds. They were supposed to take care of their people like shepherds take care of their flock. Alternate translation: "the leaders of Israel who are like shepherds" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

are shepherding themselves

The leaders taking care of themselves instead of the people are spoken of as if they were shepherding themselves. Alternate translation: "are feeding and taking care of themselves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Should not shepherds guard the flock?

Yahweh uses this question to scold the leaders for not taking care of the people. Alternate translation: "Shepherds should feed the flock and take care of it." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Ezekiel 34:3

You eat the fatty portions ... dress in wool

This continues speaking of the leaders of Israel as if they were bad shepherds that kill the best animals in their flock for food and clothing. Alternate translation: "You are like shepherds who eat the fatty portions ... dress in wool" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

You eat the fatty portions

The fatty portions come from the sheep and the goats. Alternate translation: "You eat the fatty parts of the sheep and goats" or "You eat the best parts of the sheep and goats" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

dress in wool

"wear the wool from the sheep"

the fatlings

"the youngest and fattest sheep and goats"

do not shepherd at all

"do not feed and take care of the flock"

Ezekiel 34:4

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who have not cared for the flock. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

have diseases

Possible meanings are 1) "are sick" or 2) "are weak"

You do not bind up the ones who are broken

"You do not wrap cloth around the broken bones of those who are wounded"

the ones who are broken

"the sheep that have broken bones" or "the sheep that are injured"

you do not restore

"you do not bring back"

the outcasts

"the sheep that have been chased away" or "those that others have chased away"

the lost

The words "the sheep or goats" are left out of this phrase, but they are intended to be understood. Alternate translation: "the sheep or goats that are lost" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

through strength and violence

"forcefully and cruelly"

Ezekiel 34:5

Then they were scattered without a shepherd

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Then they scattered because they did not have a shepherd" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

they became food for all the living beasts in the fields

"all of the wild animals could attack and eat them"

Ezekiel 34:6

it is dispersed over the entire surface of the earth

"my flock is spread out all over the earth"

Ezekiel 34:7

General Information:

hear the word of Yahweh

This is an idiom that is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "listen to Yahweh's message" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 34:8

because my flock has become plunder and food for all the beasts in the fields

This can be stated in the active form. Alternate translation: "because all the beasts in the fields steal my flock and eat them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

plunder

things that are stolen

all the beasts in the fields

Here "all" is a generalization that refers to all the wild animals that eat sheep. Alternate translation: "all the wild animals in the fields" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

because there was no shepherd

"because they did not have a shepherd"

none of my shepherds sought my flock

"none of my shepherds tried to find my flock"

guarded themselves

"shepherded themselves" or "fed and cared for themselves"

did not shepherd my flock

"did not feed and care for my flock"

Ezekiel 34:9

General Information:

hear the word of Yahweh

"listen to Yahweh's message." This is an idiom that is used to introduce a special message from God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 34:10

The Lord Yahweh says this

This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

Behold!

The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: "Indeed!"

I am against the shepherds

"I am opposed to the shepherds"

I will require my flock from their hand

The phrase "require ... from their hand" is an idiom that means to hold or consider someone responsible for something. Alternate translation: "I will hold them responsible for all the bad things that happen to my flock" or "I will punish them for all the bad things they let happen to my flock" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

I will dismiss them from shepherding the flock

"I will not let them shepherd the flock any longer" or "I will not let them be the shepherds of the flock any longer"

shepherd themselves

"feed and take care of themselves"

from their mouths

Here "mouths" represent eating. Alternate translation: "so they cannot eat them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

my flock will no longer be food for them

"the shepherds will no longer eat the sheep and the goats of my flock"

Ezekiel 34:11

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. Here he speaks of himself as if he were their shepherd and will take care of them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

For the Lord Yahweh says this

This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: "For this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

Behold!

The word "Behold" here alerts the shepherds to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.

will seek out

"will look for"

Ezekiel 34:12

within the midst of his scattered flock

"with his scattered flock"

they were scattered

It is is implied that the animals in the flock scattered because they did not have a shepherd to care for them or protect them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they scattered because they did not have a shepherd to care for them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

on the day of clouds and darkness

"on the cloudy and dark day." Disasters are spoken of as if they were a day of darkness. Alternate translation: "when terrible disasters happened to them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 34:13

bring them

"bring my sheep and my goats" or "bring my flock"

from among the peoples

"from the places where they lived with other peoples"

I will put them in pastures ... every settlement in the land

Yahweh bringing his people back from exile to their land so that he can care for them and keep them safe is spoken of as if he were their shepherd who puts his flock in a place where there is plenty of land, food, and water. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

pastures

land that has grass and small plants that sheep and goats can eat

settlement

This is a place where people live. Usually they live in houses in a settlement.

Ezekiel 34:14

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. Here he speaks of himself as their shepherd who will take care of them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

their grazing places

"places where they can eat"

abundant pastures

"lands that have a lot of grass and plants to eat"

graze

eat grass and other plants

Ezekiel 34:15

I myself

The word "myself" adds emphasis. God would do this because the shepherds were not doing it. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rpronouns/01.md]])

will shepherd

"will feed and take care of"

Ezekiel 34:16

the lost

restore the outcast

"bring back those that others have chased away"

bind up the broken sheep

"wrap a cloth around any sheep's broken bone" or "wrap a cloth around any sheep's wound"

the fat and the strong

The word "sheep" is understood. Alternate translation: "the fat sheep and the strong sheep" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 34:17

General Information:

Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel his message. Now it is to the people of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

behold, I

"pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important, I"

I will be a judge between sheep and sheep

"I will judge between one sheep and another"

rams and male goats

The male sheep and goats are usually the strongest in the flock and can get whatever they want from the other animals in the flock.

Ezekiel 34:18

Is it not enough ... feet

God uses these questions to scold Israel's leaders, who are spoken of as if they were the stronger animals in the flock that were unkind to the weaker ones. You can translate this as a statement as in the UDB. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 34:19

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 34:20

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the Lord Yahweh says this

This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

to them

"to my flock"

Behold!

The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: "Indeed!"

I myself

The word "myself" emphasizes that it is Yahweh who will judge. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rpronouns/01.md]])

will judge between the fat sheep and the thin ones

"will make sure that the fat sheep and goats and the skinny sheep and goats are treating each other fairly"

the fat sheep and the thin ones

The leaders and strong people in Israel are spoken of as if they were fat and strong animals in the flock. The poor and weak people in Israel are spoken of as if they were the thin and weak animals in the flock. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 34:21

for you

The word "you" refers to the sheep and goats that were not treating other sheep and goats well.

with your sides

"with the sides of your body"

have gored

Possible meanings are 1) "have pushed" or "have shoved" 2) "have stabbed" or "have pierced"

scattered them

"made them go in many different directions"

away from the land

"away from the land of Israel"

Ezekiel 34:22

General Information:

they will no longer be plunder

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will not allow anyone to plunder them" or "I will not allow anyone to steal them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

will no longer be plunder

"will no longer be things that are stolen." The shepherds and wild animals have been stealing the sheep and the goats from Yahweh's flock.

Ezekiel 34:23

I will set over them one shepherd

The phrase "set over" is an idiom that means to cause a person to rule someone else. Alternate translation: "I will assign one shepherd to be in charge of my sheep and the goats" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

my servant David

Here "David" refers to a descendant of David. Alternate translation: "a descendant of my servant David" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

He will shepherd them

The descendant of David who will be king over the people of Israel is spoken of as if he would be their shepherd. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 34:24

General Information:

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Ezekiel 34:25

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

a covenant of peace

"a covenant that brings peace"

the evil wild animals

These are wild animals that could kill the sheep and the goats.

Ezekiel 34:26

I will also bring blessings on them and on the places around my hill

Some versions of the Bible translate this as "I will also turn them and the places around my hill into a blessing."

my hill

This refers to Mount Zion. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

I will send out showers

"I will cause it to rain"

in due season

"at the right time"

These will be showers of blessing

"This rain will be a blessing"

Ezekiel 34:27

the earth will yield its produce

"the earth will grow food" or "food will grow on the earth"

will be secure

"will be safe"

know that I am Yahweh

when I break the bars of their yoke

Slavery is spoken of as if it were a yoke that people wear like some animals. Alternate translation: "when I free them from being slaves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

from the hand of those who enslaved them

Here "hand" represents power or control. Alternate translation: "from the control of those who made them slaves" or "from those who made them slaves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 34:28

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel.

They will no longer be plunder for the nations

Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: "The people of the nations will no longer steal from them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

plunder

These are things that are stolen or taken by force. See how you translated "plunder" in Ezekiel 7:21.

Ezekiel 34:29

be victims of famine

"be starved" or "be starving because of lack of food"

they will not bear the scorn of the nations

Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. The abstract noun "scorn" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "they will no longer hear the people of the nations insult them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 34:30

I, Yahweh their God, am with them

Here "I ... am with them" is an idiom that means Yahweh helps them. Alternate translation: "I, Yahweh their God, am helping them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

with them. They are my people

This can be stated as one sentence. Alternate translation: "with them, and that they are my people"

Ezekiel 34:31

For you are my sheep, the flock of my pasture

This speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and Yahweh is their shepherd. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 35

Ezekiel 35:intro-0

Ezekiel 35 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Edom

Because the people of Edom rejoiced at the destruction of Israel, they too will be destroyed.

Ezekiel 35:1

General Information:

Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak a prophecy. Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir, but the message is for all of the people of Edom.

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 35:2

Son of man

set your face against Mount Seir

Mount Seir was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but Yahweh commands him to stare in that direction as a symbol of harming the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 6:2. Alternate translation: "turn toward Mount Seir and stare angrily" or "stare toward Mount Seir so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

Mount Seir and prophesy against it

"the mountain of Seir." Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Mount Seir as if it could hear him. The message is for all of the people of Edom. Alternate translation: "Mount Seir and prophesy against it because of what the people of Edom have done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Ezekiel 35:3

to it

"to the mountain" or "to the people of Edom"

Behold! I am against you, Mount Seir, and I will strike you with my hand and make you a desolation and a waste

Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Mount Seir as if it could hear him. The message is for all of the people of Edom. Alternate translation: "Listen, Mount Seir, I will strike you with my hand and make you a desolation and a waste because of what your people did" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Behold!

The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: "Listen!" or "Indeed!"

I am against you

"I am your enemy" or "I oppose you"

I will strike you with my hand

Here "hand" represents power. Alternate translation: "I will use my power to strike you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

make you a desolation

The abstract noun "desolation" can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: "make you desolate" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 35:4

General Information:

This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom.

know that I am Yahweh

Ezekiel 35:5

you poured them out into the hands of the sword

Possible meanings of this metaphor are 1) "you gave them over to their enemies who killed them with swords" or 2) "you killed them with swords." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

at the time of their distress

"at a time of disaster"

Ezekiel 35:6

I will prepare you for bloodshed

Here "bloodshed" is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: "I will make it easy for your enemies to kill many of you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

bloodshed will pursue you

Here "bloodshed" is a metonym for killing. Yahweh speaks of bloodshed as if it were a person who could chase them. Alternate translation: "your enemies will chase you down and kill you you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Since you did not hate bloodshed

Here "bloodshed" is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: "Since you did not hate it when enemies brutally killed the people of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 35:7

General Information:

This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom.

when I cut off from it anyone who passes through and returns again

Possible meanings are 1) "cut off" is a metaphor that means to destroy. Alternate translation: "I will destroy anyone who enters it or leaves it" or 2) "cut off" is a metaphor that means to stop someone from doing something. Alternate translation: "I will make it so that people do not travel back and forth through it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 35:8

those who were killed by the sword

Here "sword" represents enemies who fought them in battle. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 31:17. Alternate translation: "those whom enemies have killed with swords" or "those who have died in battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 35:9

a perpetual desolation

"desolate forever." This may be an exaggeration to emphasize the destruction. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

Your cities will not be inhabited

This can be stated in active form. This may be an exaggeration for emphasis. Alternate translation: "People will not live in your cities" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])

but you will know

Here "you" is plural. God is speaking to the people of Mount Seir, rather than to a single mountain. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

Ezekiel 35:10

General Information:

This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom.

You have said

The word "You" refers to the mountain of Seir. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountain as if it can hear him. The message is for the people of Edom. Alternate translation: "Your people said" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

these two lands

"the lands of Israel and Judah"

will become mine

The word "mine" can be stated in plural form. Alternate translation: "will become ours"

we

The word "we" refers to the people of Edom.

even when Yahweh was present with them

It is implied that Yahweh was protecting Israel and Judah. Alternate translation: "but Yahweh was there protecting Israel and Judah" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 35:11

I will do according to your anger and according to your jealousy

Possible meanings are 1) "I will punish you because of your anger and jealousy" or 2) "just as you acted against the people of Israel with anger and jealousy, I will act against you with anger and jealousy."

Ezekiel 35:12

General Information:

This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom.

against the mountains of Israel

Here "mountains" represents the whole land of Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

They have been destroyed

This phrase can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They are in ruins" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

they have been given over to us to devour

The people of Mount Seir taking the land of Israel and using it for themselves is spoken of as if they were wild animals that would devour the mountains of Israel. Alternate translation: "they are here for us to devour" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 35:13

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 35:14

General Information:

This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom.

The Lord Yahweh says this

This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: "This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

I will make you a desolation

Here "you" refers to Mount Seir, but the message is for the people of Edom. The abstract noun "desolation" can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: "Because of what your people did I will make you desolate" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the entire earth rejoices

Here "earth" represents the people of the earth. The word "entire" is a generalization that refers only to people near Mount Seir. Alternate translation: "people who know that I have destroyed you rejoice" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 35:15

As you rejoiced over the inheritance of the people of Israel because of its desolation

This speaks of the land that Yahweh gave to the Israelites as their inheritance. Alternate translation: "As you rejoiced when I made the land of the Israelites desolate" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will do the same to you

Possible meanings are 1) I will make your land desolate" or 2) "I will rejoice when your land is desolate" or 3) "I will make other people rejoice because of your desolation."

Then they will know

The word "they" possibly refers to 1) "the people of the earth" or 2) "the people of Israel and Judah."

Ezekiel 36

Ezekiel 36:intro-0

Ezekiel 36 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Israel restored

Israel is promised to be restored by Yahweh. Because of his honor, God will bring Israel back to their land. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/promise.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/restore.md]])

# New hearts

God will forgive Israel's sin and give them the desire to obey him. This is expressed by the metonym "heart." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/forgive.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]])

Ezekiel 36:1

General Information:

Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak a prophecy. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountains of Israel, but the message is for all of the people of Israel.

son of man

prophesy to the mountains of Israel

God wants Ezekiel to speak to the mountains as if they were people. The message is for the people of Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:2

Aha

This is an expression of joy. It can be translated as "I am very happy" or "This is great."

The ancient high places

"The very old mountains." This refers to the high mountains of Israel.

have become our possession

"now belong to us"

Ezekiel 36:3

Because of your desolation

The abstract noun "desolation" can be stated as "desolate." Alternate translation: "Because you, mountains of Israel, have become desolate" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

because of the attacks that came on you from all sides

"because you were attacked from every direction" or "because your enemies attacked you from every direction"

you have been the subject of slanderous lips and tongues, and of people's stories

Here, "lips" and "tongues" represent people speaking. Alternate translation: "people are saying bad things about you, and the nations are telling bad stories about you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:4

General Information:

This continues the message that Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to the mountains of Israel. The message is for all of the people of Israel. It may be helpful to use a verse bridge here, as the UDB does, to arrange the text in a more logical order. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-versebridge/01.md]])

listen to the word of the Lord Yahweh

"listen to the message of the Lord Yahweh"

the uninhabited desolations

The abstract noun "desolations" can be stated as "desolate cities." Alternate translation: "the desolate cities which have no people living in them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

the forsaken cities

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the cities that people have left behind" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

that have become plunder

"that enemies have stolen from"

Ezekiel 36:5

in the fire of my fury

This speaks of Yahweh's fury as if it were a fire. Yahweh loves Israel very much, so he becomes jealous and angry when other nations mock it. Alternate translation: "because of my intense jealousy" or "because of my very strong anger" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

against Edom and all

"and against all of Edom"

had both joy in their heart and disdain in their spirit, as they seized my land

Here "heart" and "spirit" represent a person's inner being. The ideas of having joy and disdain can be expressed with the verbs "rejoiced" and "despised." Alternate translation: "who despised the people of Israel and rejoiced while they took my land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:6

Behold!

The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: "Indeed!"

In my fury and in my anger

The words "fury" and "anger" mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: "Because I am extremely angry" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

you have borne the insults of nations

"other nations have insulted you" or "other nations have mocked you"

Ezekiel 36:7

General Information:

This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. The message is intended for the people of Israel.

I myself will lift up my hand to swear

Here "lift up my hand" is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. Alternate translation: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

that the nations that surround you will certainly carry their own shame

The people experiencing shame are spoken of as if they will carry their shame. Alternate translation: "that people will certainly mock the nations that surround you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

surround you

The word "you" refers to the mountains of Israel.

Ezekiel 36:8

General Information:

This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. The message is intended for the people of Israel.

you will grow branches and bear fruit

Here "you" refers to the mountain of Israel which here represents the trees on the mountain that will grow fruit. Alternate translation: "your trees will grow branches and bear fruit" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:9

behold, I

"pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I"

I am for you

"I want to do good things to you." The word "you" refers to the mountains of Israel.

I treat you with favor

"I will be kind to you"

you will be plowed and sown with seed

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "my people, Israel, will plow your ground and sow it with seed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:10

General Information:

This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. The message is intended for the people of Israel.

So I will multiply upon you

Yahweh is speaking to the mountains. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "So, mountains of Israel, I will multiply upon you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

even the whole house of Israel

Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "all of the people of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

The cities will be inhabited and the ruins rebuilt

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Then people will live in the cities and will rebuild the ruins" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:11

they will multiply and be fruitful

Here "be fruitful" is an idiom that means to have many children and descendants. Alternate translation: "they will become very many people and have very many children" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

you to be inhabited as you previously were

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "people to live on you mountains as they did before" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

know that I am Yahweh

Ezekiel 36:12

They will possess you, and you will be their inheritance

The people living in the mountains and land of Israel permanently is spoke of as if the people would inherit them. Alternate translation: "They will possess you permanently" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

you will no longer cause their children to die

It is implied that in the past children died because there was not enough food in the land. Now the land would produce enough food. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:13

General Information:

This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. The message is meant for the people of Israel.

they are saying to you

"other nations are saying to you mountains"

You devour men

Not enough food growing in Israel so that people die is spoken of as if the mountains of Israel were devouring the people. Alternate translation: "You cause many people to die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

bereaving your nation of children

"you cause your people's children to die"

Ezekiel 36:14

you will not consume people any longer

Not enough food growing in Israel so that people die is spoken of as if the mountains of Israel were consuming the people. Alternate translation: "you will no longer cause the people to die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 5:11. Alternate translation: "This is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-123person/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:15

Nor will I allow you to hear the insults of the nations any longer

This speaks of the mountains as if they were able to hear when people insult them. Alternate translation: "I will no longer allow the other nations to insult you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

you will no longer have to bear the shame of the peoples

Experiencing shame is spoken of as if the mountains could bear shame. Alternate translation: "the peoples will no longer cause you to feel ashamed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:16

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 36:17

Son of man

the house of Israel

Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

with their ways and their deeds

"by the way they lived and the things they did"

Their ways were like the unclean menstruation of a woman before me

This compares how the people behaved to a woman's unclean menstruation rags. This emphasizes how disgusting their behaviors were to Yahweh. Alternate translation: "Their ways were as disgusting to me as the unclean menstruation of a woman" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

menstruation of a woman

the time every month when a woman bleeds from her womb

Ezekiel 36:18

I poured out my fury against them

Yahweh punishing people because he is angry is spoken of as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out. Alternate translation: "I did things to them that showed how angry I was" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

for the blood that they poured out on the land

This is an idiom that refers to killing someone. Alternate translation: "because they made the blood of many people spill onto the land" or "because they murdered many people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

for their pollution of it by their idols

The people worshiping idols is spoken of as if the idols made the land physically dirty. Alternate translation: "because they defiled the land with their idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:19

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about Israel.

I scattered them among the nations; they were dispersed through the lands

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 12:15. Alternate translation: "I caused them to separate and live in separate lands" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])

they were dispersed through the lands

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I dispersed them through the lands" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

their ways and their deeds

Here "ways" and "deeds" mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "the things that they have done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:20

they profaned my holy name

Here "name" represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: "they mocked me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

when people

"because other people said"

Are these really the people of Yahweh?

The people use a question to express their surprise at what they saw. Alternate translation: "I cannot believe these are really the people of Yahweh!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

For they have been thrown out of his land

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "For Yahweh has forced them out of his land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

his land

This refers to the land of Israel.

Ezekiel 36:21

But I had compassion for my holy name that the house of Israel had defiled among the nations, when they went there

Here "name" represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: "When the house of Israel went among the nations, they caused me disgrace, but I wanted people to know that I am holy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

I had compassion for my holy name

"I cared about my holy name"

the house of Israel

Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:22

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel, and he gives him a message to Israel.

the house of Israel

Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

for your sake

"because of you" or "in order to help you"

but for my holy name, which you have profaned among the nations everywhere you have gone

Here "name" represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: "but so that the people of the nations, who mock me because of you, will know that I am holy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

you have profaned among the nations everywhere you have gone

"you have caused the people of the nations to mock everywhere you have gone"

Ezekiel 36:23

General Information:

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Ezekiel 36:24

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel.

Ezekiel 36:25

I will sprinkle pure water on you so you will be purified from all of your impurities, and I will purify you from all of your idols

Yahweh forgiving the people and causing them to no longer sin is spoken of as if he would cleanse them with water. The phrase "you will be purified" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will purify you as if I were sprinkling you with pure water, and I will cause you to stop worshiping idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

all of your impurities

"all the things that made you unclean"

Ezekiel 36:26

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel.

I will give you a new heart and a new spirit in your innermost parts, and I will take away the heart of stone from your flesh. For I will give you a heart of flesh

Yahweh causing the people to no longer be stubborn but to love and serve Yahweh is spoken of as if he will take away their old heart and give them a new heart and spirit. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

a new heart and a new spirit

Here "heart" and "spirit" represent a person's thoughts, attitudes, and emotions. See how you translated "heart" and "spirit" in Ezekiel 11:19.

in your innermost parts

"within you" or "inside of you"

the heart of stone

This speaks of people being stubborn as if their hearts were made of stone. See how you translated "stone heart" in Ezekiel 11:19. Alternate translation: "the heart that is as hard as stone" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

your flesh

"your body"

a heart of flesh

People being willing to serve Yahweh is spoken of as if their hearts were soft like flesh. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 11:19. Alternate translation: "a heart that is soft like flesh" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:27

enable you to walk in my statutes

A person acting or behaving in a certain way is spoken of is if it were a person walking. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 11:20. Alternate translation: "enable you to obey my statutes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:28

General Information:

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Ezekiel 36:29

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel.

For I will save you from all of your uncleanness

Something that is unacceptable to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: "For I will save you from everything that made me reject you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will summon the grain

"I will call the grain to come." This phrase presents the grain as a servant of Yahweh. Alternate translation: "I will cause there to be grain in the land of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]])

I will no longer put famine upon you

Yahweh causing a famine in the land is spoken of as if he put famine on the people. Alternate translation: "I will no longer cause there to be a famine" or "I will no longer cause there to be no food" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:30

you will no longer bear the shame of famine among the nations

Experiencing shame is spoken of as if the people had to carry the shame. Alternate translation: "the nations will no longer make you feel ashamed because you suffer from famine" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:31

General Information:

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Ezekiel 36:32

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel.

let this be known to you

"know this" or "you can be sure of this." Yahweh says this to emphasize that it is not because the people are good that he will restore them. This phrase can be moved to the beginning of the verse. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

So be ashamed and disgraced

The words "ashamed" and "disgraced" share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the intensity of the shame. Alternate translation: "So be very ashamed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

because of your ways

"because of what you do"

house of Israel

Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "people of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:33

General Information:

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Ezekiel 36:34

you will plow the ruined land

"you will farm the ruined land"

before the eyes of all who pass by

The eyes represent sight. Alternate translation: "to those who pass by and see it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:35

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel.

Then they

The word "they" refers to the people who walk through the land of Israel.

the uninhabited ruins

"the ruins that no one lived in"

that were torn down

This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: "that enemies had torn down" or 2) Alternate translation: "that people could not get into" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

are now fortified and inhabited

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the people have now rebuilt them and have started living there again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:36

that I built up the ruins

"and that I built up the cities that enemies had torn down"

replanted the abandoned places

"planted crops in the desolate land"

Ezekiel 36:37

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel.

I will be asked by the house of Israel

Here "house" represents people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The people of Israel will ask me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

to increase them like a flock of people

Yahweh causing the people to multiply greatly and quickly is spoken of as if they were a flock of sheep. Sheep multiply very quickly. Alternate translation: "to make them multiply like a flock of sheep" or "to make the people multiply quickly like sheep" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 36:38

Like the flock is set apart for sacrifices, like the flock in Jerusalem at her appointed feasts

The phrase "is set apart" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Like the great number of sheep that the people set apart for sacrifices or bring to Jerusalem for the appointed feasts" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

so will the ruined cities be filled with flocks of people

This speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so will the great number of people be who will be living in the cities that are now ruined but the people will rebuild" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 37

Ezekiel 37:intro-0

Ezekiel 37 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

# Israel restored

God will unite the two kingdoms of Israel and Judah and the Messiah will rule over them. This will come in a prophesied day of restoration. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/christ.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/restore.md]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

# Metaphor

The people are discouraged and compare themselves to skeletons, but God will cause them to become a nation again. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 37:1

General Information:

Ezekiel is speaking.

The hand of Yahweh was upon me

The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. A person with his hand on another person has power over that other person. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 1:3. Alternate translation: "Yahweh was controlling me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

in the midst

"in the middle"

Ezekiel 37:2

round and round

"in every direction"

Behold!

The word "Behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.

Ezekiel 37:3

Son of man

Ezekiel 37:4

General Information:

Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel.

Listen to the word of Yahweh

"Listen to Yahweh's message"

Ezekiel 37:5

Behold

"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"

to put breath into you

The noun "breath" can be stated as the verb "breathe." Alternate translation: "I will cause you to breathe"

breath

The Hebrew word translated as "breath" in these verses is translated as "spirit" by a few modern versions. It is also translated as "wind" in Ezekiel 37:9.

Ezekiel 37:6

sinews

the tissue that connects muscles to bones

know that I am Yahweh

Ezekiel 37:7

General Information:

Ezekiel is speaking.

as I was commanded

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "as Yahweh had commanded me to speak" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

behold

The word "behold" here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw.

Ezekiel 37:8

sinews

This refers to the parts of human bodies that are like hard strings and hold the bones and muscles together. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 37:6.

But there was still no breath in them

The noun "breath" can be stated as the verb "breathing." Alternate translation: "But they were not breathing" or "But they were not alive"

Ezekiel 37:9

the breath

Possible meanings are: 1) "breath" or 2) "spirit" or 3) "wind."

from the four winds

"from the four directions that the wind can blow in." This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "from every direction" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

these who have been killed

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "these people that enemies and disasters have killed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 37:10

as I was commanded

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "as Yahweh had commanded me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 37:11

the entire house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Behold!

The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: "Indeed!"

We have been cut off

The people being destroyed and removed from their land is spoken of as if they had been cut off like a person would cut off a branch or piece of cloth. Alternate translation: "Our nation is destroyed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 37:12

I will open your graves and lift you out from them

Yahweh restoring the people and bringing them back to their land is spoken of as if he will bring them back to life again. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 37:13

General Information:

These are Yahweh's words to the house of Israel.

Ezekiel 37:14

to rest in your land

"to live peacefully in your own land"

this is Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 37:15

the word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 37:16

For Judah

Here "For" means "representing." Alternate translation: "Representing Judah" or "Belonging to Judah"

Judah

The tribe of Judah lived in the southern kingdom of Israel which was called Judah. Here the name is used to refer to the whole southern kingdom. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

the people of Israel, his companions

This refers to the Israelites who lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: "all the tribes of Judah" or "the tribes of Israel who are part of the kingdom of Judah"

For Joseph, the branch of Ephraim

Joseph was Ephraim's father. The tribe of Ephraim lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Here the names are used to represent the whole northern kingdom. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

all the people of Israel, their companions

This refers to the Israelites who lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: "all the tribes of Israel" or "the Israelites who were part of the kingdom of Israel"

Ezekiel 37:17

into one stick

"so that they become one stick"

Ezekiel 37:18

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel.

what these things of yours mean

"what your sticks mean" or "why you have these sticks"

Ezekiel 37:19

Behold!

This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: "Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!"

the branch of Joseph

"the stick of Joseph." This represents the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

that is in the hand of Ephraim

The word "hand" refers to power. Alternate translation: "that is in the power of Ephraim" or "that the tribe of Ephraim rules over" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

the tribes of Israel his companions

"the other tribes of Israel who are his companions" or "the other tribes of Israel who are part of that kingdom"

the branch of Judah

"the stick of Judah." This represents the kingdom of Judah. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 37:20

before their eyes

Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: "while they watched you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Ezekiel 37:21

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel.

Behold!

"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!"

Ezekiel 37:22

General Information:

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Ezekiel 37:23

they will be my people and I will be their God

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 11:20.

Ezekiel 37:24

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel.

David my servant

Yahweh said "David" to refer to a descendant of David. See how you translated "my servant David" in Ezekiel 34:23. Alternate translation: "A descendant of my servant David" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

one shepherd over them

This speaks of a king ruling a people as if he were a shepherd leading sheep. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 34:23. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

over them

"over the people of Israel"

will walk according to my decrees

This speaks of acting or behaving in a certain way as if it were a person walking. Alternate translation: "will live as I have commanded" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 37:25

had stayed

"had lived"

Ezekiel 37:26

General Information:

Yahweh is speaking about the people of Israel.

I will establish

"I will set up" or "I will create"

a covenant of peace

"a covenant that brings peace." See how you translated this in Ezekiel 34:25.

I will establish them

It was implied that Yahweh would establish them in the land of Israel. Alternate translation: "I will set them in the land of Israel" or "I will cause them to live securely in the land of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

multiply them

"cause their people to increase in number"

my holy place

"my holy sanctuary" or "my holy temple"

in their midst

"among them"

Ezekiel 37:27

My dwelling place

"The place where I live"

I will be their God, and they will be my people

See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 11:20.

Ezekiel 37:28

General Information:

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Ezekiel 38

Ezekiel 38:intro-0

Ezekiel 38 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter begins a section prophesying against Gog. Later Gog will try to conquer Israel.

Ezekiel 38:1

The word of Yahweh came

Ezekiel 38:2

set your face toward Gog, the land of Magog, the chief prince ... Tubal

This is a command to stare at Gog and Magog as a symbol of punishing the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 4:3. Alternate translation: "Stare at the land of Magog and at Gog, the chief prince ... Tubal" or "Stare at Gog, the chief prince ... Tubal, and at the land of Magog so that they will be harmed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

set your face

Gog, the land of Magog

It is implied that Magog is the land over which Gog rules. Alternate translation: "Gog who rules over the land of Magog" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Gog

This is the name of a leader or king who ruled in the land of Magog. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Magog

This is the name of an ancient nation that was probably located in the land that is now Turkey. Magog might be the ancient nation of Lydia.

the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal

This expression occurs twice in these verses. Some modern versions, however, interpret the Hebrew expression as "the chief of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal." This is another title for Gog. Alternate translation: "who is the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Meshech ... Tubal

See how you translated these names in Ezekiel 32:26.

Ezekiel 38:3

Behold!

This emphasizes the importance of the statement that follows. It can be translated as "Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!"

I am against you

This idiom means "I am your enemy." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 38:4

General Information:

These verses list the various nations who will join Gog's army.

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues speaking to Gog.

set hooks in your jaw

Here "hooks in your jaw" represents God's control over Gog. People put hooks in the mouths of animals so that they could lead the animals wherever they wanted. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

in full armor ... holding swords

These phrases describe an army that is ready for battle.

Ezekiel 38:5

with shields and helmets

This phrase describes an army that is ready for battle.

Ezekiel 38:6

Gomer

a nation that lived north of the Black Sea

Beth Togarmah

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 27:14.

Ezekiel 38:7

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues speaking to Gog.

your troops assembled with you

"all of your troops that you have gathered to yourself" or "all of your army that you have brought together for yourself"

Ezekiel 38:8

You will be called

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will call you to come for war" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

recovered from the sword

Here the "sword" represents war. Alternate translation: "recovered from war" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

that has been gathered

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that I have gathered together" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

from many peoples

"from many nations"

a continuous ruin

"destroyed for a long time"

the land's people will be brought out

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will bring the Israelites out" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 38:9

you will go up as a storm goes

This simile means Gog will bring destruction like a large storm does. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

a cloud covering the land

This simile means the army will be so large that it will cover the entire land. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

Ezekiel 38:10

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues speaking to Gog.

on that day that

"at that time"

plans will form in your heart ... you will devise wicked schemes

These phrases mean the same thing and can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: "you will plan to do something very evil" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

plans will form in your heart

Here "heart" refers to his thinking. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you will think of plans" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 38:11

I will

Gog will not do these things alone. His army will do most of them. Alternate translation: "My army and I will" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

the open land

The following phrases explain that this refers to a land without walls or bars or gates.

Ezekiel 38:12

capture booty and steal plunder

These phrases mean the same thing and can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: "take away all their valuable possessions" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

bring my hand

Here "hand" refers to Gog's military power. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

against the ruins

Here "ruins" refers to the people who live in the destroyed cities. Alternate translation: "against the people who live in the ruins" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

at the center of the earth

"in the middle of the most important countries in the world"

Ezekiel 38:13

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues speaking to Gog.

Sheba

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 27:22.

Dedan

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 25:13.

Have you come to plunder? Have you assembled your armies ... to haul away much plunder?

These two questions are used to accuse Gog of attacking Israel without cause. These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: "It is not right for you to assemble your army to plunder, to carry off silver and gold, to take their livestock and property, and to haul away much plunder!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

to take their livestock and property ... to haul away much plunder

These phrases have similar meaning and can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: "to take away their livestock and all their valuable possessions" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Ezekiel 38:14

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh tells Ezekiel what he is to say to Gog.

son of man

On that day ... learn about them?

Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Gog will indeed hear about the people living in Israel. Alternate translation: "On that day, when my people Israel are living securely, you will hear about them." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Ezekiel 38:15

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 38:16

like a cloud that covers the land

This simile means the army will be so large that it will cover the entire land. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 38:9. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])

In the latter days

This refers to the distant future before the world ends. Alternate translation: "In the last days" or "At the end of time" or "In the distant future"

In the latter days ... to be holy before their eyes

All the nations will understand that Yahweh is holy when they see what he does to Gog.

might know me

"might know who I am"

Ezekiel 38:17

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues telling Ezekiel what he is to say to Gog.

Are you not the one ... bring you against them?

Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he was the one who brought Gog to the land of Israel. Alternate translation: "You are the one ... bring you against them." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

of whom I spoke

"that I spoke about"

in former days

"in the past" or "a long time ago"

by the hand of my servants

Here "hand" refers to the fact that these prophets wrote down Yahweh's message. Alternate translation: "by means of my servants" or "through my servants" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

against them

"against the people of Israel"

Ezekiel 38:18

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

my wrath will mount up in my anger

Here "mount up" means "rise up" and expresses that his wrath will increase. The words "wrath" and "anger" mean the same thing and emphasize how intense his anger will be. Alternate translation: "my anger will greatly increase" or "I will be very angry with you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Ezekiel 38:19

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog.

In my zeal

Here "zeal" refers to Yahweh's desire to defend his honor against Gog's attacks.

in the fire of my anger

The intensity of Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were as hot as fire. Alternate translation: "because my anger was intense" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 38:20

The mountains will be thrown down

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will make mountains fall down" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 38:21

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. He speaks of the people of Gog as if they were one man. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

I will summon a sword against him

The word "sword" here is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. Alternate translation: "I will cause soldiers to attack him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

each man's sword will be against his brother

Here "sword" is a metonym for the person who uses the sword to fight. Alternate translation: "all of his soldiers will fight each other" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

his brother

"his fellow soldier"

Ezekiel 38:22

I will judge him by plague and blood

Here "blood" is a metonym for injury and death. Alternate translation: "I will judge him by causing him to be sick and by sending soldiers to kill him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

overflowing rain and hailstones and burning sulfur I will rain down upon him

It may be helpful to change the order of this sentence. Alternate translation: "I will rain down overflowing rain and hailstones and burning sulfur upon him"

hailstones

ice that falls out of the sky

Ezekiel 38:23

show my greatness and my holiness

The abstract nouns "greatness" and "holiness" can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "show that I am great and holy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

I will make myself known in the eyes of the many nations

Here "eyes" refers to sight, which is a metonym for understanding. Alternate translation: "I will cause many nations to understand who I am" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

know that I am Yahweh

Ezekiel 39

Ezekiel 39:intro-0

Ezekiel 39 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter concludes the prophecy against Gog. God will destroy Gog and his army.

Ezekiel 39:1

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to Gog.

son of man

Behold!

This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: "Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!"

I am against you

"I am your enemy"

chief of Meshech and Tubal

Some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression as "prince of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal." This is another title for Gog. See how you translated these names in Ezekiel 38:2. Alternate translation: "who is the prince of Meshech and Tubal" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 39:2

I will turn you and lead you on

God speaks of leading Gog as if Gog was an animal. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

bring you up

God speaks of bringing Gog "up" to Israel because it was located in the mountains.

Ezekiel 39:3

I will knock your bow out of your left hand and make the arrows fall from your right hand.

Knocking Gog's bow and arrows out of his hands is spoken of as if God is destroying Gog's military power. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 39:4

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog.

your troops and the soldiers

These refer to the same people. It can be stated as a single phrase. Alternate translation: "all your soldiers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

I will give you to the birds of prey and the wild beasts of the fields for food

The scavengers eating the corpses is spoken of as if Yahweh was giving food to them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 39:5

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 39:6

I will send out fire on Magog

Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will send literal fire down on Gog and his army or 2) "fire" is a metonym for the destruction that it causes. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Magog

This is the name of an ancient nation that probably lived in the land that is now Turkey. Magog might be the ancient nation of Lydia. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 38:2.

know that I am Yahweh

Ezekiel 39:7

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog.

I will make my holy name known in the midst of my people Israel

Here the metonym "my holy name" refers to Yahweh's character. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will make my people, Israel, know that I am holy" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 39:8

Behold!

This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: "Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!"

is coming ... will take place

These two phrases have similar meaning and emphasize the fact that this will really happen. Alternate translation: "is surely going to happen" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Ezekiel 39:9

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog.

to kindle and make fires

These two phrases mean the same thing. The Israelites will use the wood from the weapons as kindling for fires. Alternate translation: "to start fires" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

small shields, large shields, bows, arrows, the clubs and spears

This list includes all the typical weapons of war of that day. It may represent weapons in general.

clubs

wooden sticks used as a weapon

Ezekiel 39:10

wanted to take ... wanted to plunder

Here "to take" and "to plunder" mean the same thing. Gog intended to take Israel's possessions, but Yahweh prevented him so that he was not able to do that. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

will plunder ... wanted to plunder

Translate "plunder" as in Ezekiel 23:46.

Ezekiel 39:11

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh begins to tell Ezekiel what will happen to Gog.

it will happen on that day that

This signals an important event. If your language has a way for doing this, you could use it here.

to the east of the sea

A few modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression here as "to the east toward the sea."

It will block

Possible meanings are 1) "The grave will block" or 2) "The dead army will block."

There they

"There the house of Israel"

They will call it

"People will call it"

Valley of Hamon Gog

"Valley of the Great Army of Gog"

Ezekiel 39:12

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to tell Ezekiel what will happen to Gog.

seven months

"7 months." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

the house of Israel

will bury them in order to purify the land

In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it "unclean." Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

bury them

"bury the soldiers of Gog's army"

Ezekiel 39:13

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 39:14

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to tell Ezekiel what will happen to Gog.

through the land

"through the land of Israel"

those who were traveling through, but who died and their bodies remained on the surface of the land

This refers to the dead bodies of Gog's soldiers whom Yahweh killed as they entered the land.

so that they may bury them

"so that the designated men may bury the dead bodies"

to cleanse the land

seventh month

This "seventh" is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

Ezekiel 39:15

any human bone

Bones would be all that remained of the corpses after a period of time.

they will put a marker by it, until gravediggers come and bury it

There are apparently two groups of men. The first will mark the location of corpses, and the second group will bury them.

Ezekiel 39:16

purify the land

Hamonah

This name means "Great Army." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Ezekiel 39:17

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh gives Ezekiel a message for the birds and the wild animals about what they will do to Gog.

son of man

to the sacrifice

"to the feast" or "to the slaughter." Yahweh means that he will give the birds and animals a very good meal and not that he is worshiping them.

Ezekiel 39:18

they will be rams, lambs, goats, and bulls

Yahweh is speaking with irony. Normally people sacrificed animals to God. Here, God is sacrificing people to animals. Alternate translation: "as if they were male sheep, lambs, goats, and bulls" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])

they were all fattened in Bashan

That can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they all became fat while grazing in Bashan" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 39:19

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message for the birds and the wild animals about what they will do to Gog.

to your satisfaction

The abstract noun "satisfaction" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "until you are satisfied" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

until drunkenness

The abstract noun "drunkenness" can be stated as a adjective. Alternate translation: "until you become drunk" or "until you are intoxicated" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 39:20

chariot

The metonym "chariot" refers to the men in the chariots. Alternate translation: "chariot driver" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 39:21

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh gives Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel.

I will set my glory among the nations

Yahweh speaks of his glory as if he will place it in the middle of the nations where they can see it. Alternate translation: "I will make the nations see my glory" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

my judgment that I perform and my hand that I have set against them

Both of these phrases refer to the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon Israel and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: "the way that I will judge them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

my hand

Here the metonym "hand" refers to Yahweh's power that he uses to bring punishment. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

against them

"against Gog and his great army"

Ezekiel 39:22

The house of Israel

Ezekiel 39:23

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel.

the house of Israel

because of their iniquity by which they betrayed me

The abstract noun "iniquity" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "because they sinned and betrayed me" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

I hid my face from them

Here "face" refers to Yahweh's help and protection. Alternate translation: "I stopped protecting them and taking care of them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

gave them into the hand of their adversaries

Here the metonym "hand" refers to power. Alternate translation: "gave their enemies power over them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

all of them fell by the sword

Here falling represents being killed, and the sword represents battle. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 32:23. Alternate translation: "their enemies killed them all in battle" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 39:24

their uncleanness and their sins

This speaks of the people's disgusting behavior as if they were physically unclean. Here "uncleanness" means basically the same as "sins." Alternate translation: "their disgusting behavior and their sins" or "their sins" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])

Ezekiel 39:25

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel.

will restore the fortunes of Jacob

Translate "will restore the fortunes" as in Ezekiel 16:53. However, some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression here as "will bring Jacob back from captivity."

the house of Israel

act with zeal for my holy name

"make sure that they honor me"

Ezekiel 39:26

they will bear their shame and all the treason

Experts do not agree on the meaning of this phrase. Possible meanings are 1) "they will regret their shame and all the treason" or 2) "they will forget their shame and all the treason."

the treason

"the unfaithfulness"

Ezekiel 39:27

I will show myself to be holy in the sight of many nations

Here "sight" is a metonym for understanding. Alternate translation: "many nations will understand that I am holy because of what I did for the house of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 39:28

Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel.

I sent them into captivity ... I will gather them back to their land

At the time when Ezekiel wrote, Israel was still in captivity in Babylon.

Ezekiel 39:29

I will no longer hide my face from them

Here "no longer hide my face" is an idiom that means Yahweh will not continue to abandon Israel to exile in Babylon. Alternate translation: "I will no longer abandon them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

when I pour out my Spirit on the house of Israel

Here to give the Spirit abundantly is spoken of as to "pour out" the Spirit. Alternate translation: "when I generously give my Spirit to the house of Israel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the house of Israel

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 40

Ezekiel 40:intro-0

Ezekiel 40 General Notes

Structure and formatting

# The new temple and city

In a vision, Ezekiel saw a man measuring the wall of a new temple. The next chapters will give precise measurements for the construction of a temple to be built. This was not the temple of Ezra's day. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/temple.md]])

Ezekiel 40:1

twenty-fifth ... tenth ... fourteenth

These words are the ordinal forms of 25, 10, and 14. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

of our captivity

Here "our" refers to Ezekiel and the Israelites who have been in Babylon since the Babylonians forced King Jehoiachin to leave Jerusalem, but not to the reader. Alternate translation: "after we became captives" or "after the Babylonians took us as captives to Babylon" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])

the beginning of the year on the tenth day of the month

This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is in April on Western calendars. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-hebrewmonths/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

the city was captured

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "the Babylonians captured the city of Jerusalem" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the hand of Yahweh

Here "hand" refers to Yahweh's power to show Ezekiel supernatural visions. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 1:3.

Ezekiel 40:2

He brought me to rest

"He put me down"

Ezekiel 40:3

he brought me there

"Yahweh brought me to the place that had the buildings"

Behold

Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw.

His appearance was like the appearance of bronze

The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "The way he appeared was like the way bronze appears" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

linen cord

"a rope made of linen." This is a tool for measuring very long distances.

linen

This is a type of cloth. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 9:2.

measuring stick

This is a tool for measuring shorter distances.

Ezekiel 40:4

Son of man

fix your mind on

This idiom means "pay attention to" or "think about." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

the house of Israel

The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 3:1. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 40:5

surrounding the temple area

"entirely around the temple area"

Each long cubit was a cubit and a handbreadth in length

Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. Alternate translation: "These were the long cubits, which were the length of a regular cubit plus a handbreadth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

a handbreadth

"the width of a hand." This was about 8 centimeters. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 40:6

one stick

"it was one stick wide." This was about 3.2 meters.

the temple gate that faced east

This gate was part of the wall that surrounded the temple area. It was not part of the temple building itself. Alternate translation: "the gate on the eastern side of the wall surrounding the temple" or "the gate on the eastern wall of the temple courtyard"

up its steps

"up the steps of the gate"

in depth

"from the front edge of the threshold to its back edge"

Ezekiel 40:7

The guard chambers

These were rooms that were built inside of the gate where guards stayed to protect the gate.

five cubits

about 2.7 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

there were five cubits between any two of the chambers

"the chambers next to each other were five cubits apart" or "there were five cubits between a chamber and the one next to it"

the chambers

"the rooms"

portico

This was a covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16.

Ezekiel 40:8

portico

This was a covering in front of a doorway or gateway with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16.

one stick

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5.

Ezekiel 40:9

the portico of the gate facing the temple

Here "facing the temple" means that the portico was attached to the gate in the temple courtyard. Alternate translation: "the portico of the gate on the inner side of the wall that surrounded the temple"

two cubits

about one meter (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

cubits

See how you translated these "long" cubits in Ezekiel 40:5.

Ezekiel 40:10

had the same measurement

"were the same size"

Ezekiel 40:11

ten cubits

about 5.4 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

cubits

See how you translated these "long" cubits in Ezekiel 40:5.

thirteen cubits

about 7 meters

Ezekiel 40:12

The chambers measured six cubits

"The chambers were 6 cubits long"

six cubits

about 3.2 meters

one cubit

"54 centimeters" or "about one-half meter"

Ezekiel 40:13

twenty-five cubits

about 13.5 meters

that of the second

"the entrance of the second chamber"

Ezekiel 40:14

sixty cubits

about 32 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

cubits

See how you translated these "long" cubits in Ezekiel 40:5.

portico

This was a covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16.

Ezekiel 40:15

fifty cubits

about 27 meters

Ezekiel 40:16

closed windows

Possible meanings are 1) "closed windows" or 2) "windows with shutters" or 3) "narrow windows."

it was the same for the porches

"the porches also had closed windows all around"

each jamb

jambs are the sides of a wooden frame of a door

Ezekiel 40:17

General Information:

There were two walls surrounding the temple. The outer wall surrounded the outer courtyard, and within that, the inner wall surrounded the inner courtyard. The inner courtyard was higher than the outer courtyard. Each wall had gates on the east, north, and south sides.

the man brought me to the outer courtyard of the temple

"The man brought me from outside the temple area into the outer courtyard of the temple"

outer courtyard

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 10:5.

Behold

The word "Behold" here indicates that Ezekiel saw something interesting.

pavement

a flat floor that is made out of rocks

with thirty rooms next to the pavement

"and there were 30 rooms all around the pavement" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]])

Ezekiel 40:18

went up to

"went all the way to"

Ezekiel 40:19

the front of the lower gate to the front of the inner gate

The lower gate was on the wall of the outer courtyard, and the inner gate was on the wall of the inner courtyard. Alternate translation: "the front of the outer gate to the front of the inner gate"

one hundred cubits

about 54 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

cubits

See how you translated these "long" cubits in Ezekiel 40:5.

the same on the north side

"it was the same on the north side" or "on the north side, the distance from the outer gate to the inner gate was also one hundred cubits"

Ezekiel 40:20

General Information:

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Ezekiel 40:21

chambers

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:7.

portico

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16.

measured the same

"had the same measurement"

fifty cubits

about 27 meters. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

cubits

See how you translated these "long" cubits in Ezekiel 40:5.

twenty-five cubits

about 13.5 meters

Ezekiel 40:22

General Information:

Ezekiel continues to describe the vision of the temple and of the man who looked like bronze.

Its windows

The word "Its" refers to the gate that was on the north side of the outer courtyard. Alternate translation: "The northern gate's windows"

chambers

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:7.

corresponded to the gate that faced east

"were like those of the eastern gate" or "were like those of the eastern gate of the outer courtyard"

Ezekiel 40:23

inner courtyard

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16.

in front of the gate facing north

"directly across from the northern gate" or "across the outer courtyard from the northern gate"

the gate facing north

"the gate on the northern side of the outer courtyard"

just as also there was a gate to the east

"just as there was a eastern gate to the inner courtyard" or "just as there was a gate to the inner courtyard in front of the eastern gate"

cubits

See how you translated these "long" cubits in Ezekiel 40:5.

one hundred cubits

about 54 meters

Ezekiel 40:24

measured the same as the other outer gates

"had the same measurements as the northern and eastern gates"

Ezekiel 40:25

cubits

See how you translated these "long" cubits in Ezekiel 40:5.

fifty cubits

about 27 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

twenty-five cubits

about 13.5 meters

Ezekiel 40:26

portico

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16

on either side

"on both sides"

Ezekiel 40:27

cubits

See how you translated these "long" cubits in Ezekiel 40:5.

one hundred cubits

about 54 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 40:28

inner courtyard

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16.

by way of its southern gate

"through its southern gate"

Ezekiel 40:29

chambers

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:7.

porticos

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16.

measured the same

"had the same measurements"

cubits

See how you translated these "long" cubits in Ezekiel 40:5.

fifty cubits

about 27 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

twenty-five cubits

about 13.5 meters

five cubits

about 2.7 meters

Ezekiel 40:30

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Ezekiel 40:31

This portico faced the outer courtyard

"The portico's entrance was towards the outer courtyard"

with carved palm trees

"and it had carvings of palm trees"

Ezekiel 40:32

to the inner courtyard by the eastern way

"to the east side of the inner courtyard"

Ezekiel 40:33

cubits

See how you translated these "long" cubits in Ezekiel 40:5.

fifty cubits

about 27 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

twenty-five cubits

about 13.5 meters

Ezekiel 40:34

Its portico faced the outer courtyard

The entrance of its portico was towards the outer courtyard

Ezekiel 40:35

measured the same

"had the same measurements"

Ezekiel 40:36

cubits

See how you translated these "long" cubits in Ezekiel 40:5.

fifty cubits

about 27 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

twenty-five cubits

about 13.5 meters

Ezekiel 40:37

Its portico faced the outer courtyard

"The entrance of its portico was toward the outer courtyard"

on either side of it

"on both sides of it"

Ezekiel 40:38

by each of the inner gateways

"in each of the inner gates"

they rinsed the burnt offerings

Possible meanings for "they" are 1) the people who were bringing offerings or 2) the priests who killed the animals.

the burnt offerings

the animals that would be killed and burned as offerings

Ezekiel 40:39

There were two tables on each side of each portico

there were four tables—two on each side of each portico

the burnt offering was slaughtered

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they killed the burnt offering" or "they killed the animals that they would burn as an offering" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 40:40

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Ezekiel 40:41

General Information:

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Ezekiel 40:42

There were four tables of cut stone

These were apparently different tables than the eight tables on which the sacrifices were killed. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "There were also four tables of cut stone" or "There were four other tables made of cut stone" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

of cut stone

"that were made out of stone that had been cut"

cubits

See how you translated these "long" cubits in Ezekiel 40:5.

one and a half cubits

about 0.8 meter (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

one cubit

about one-half meter

Ezekiel 40:43

Two-pronged hooks a handbreadth in length were fastened in the portico all around

"All around the portico, people had attached hooks that were a handbreadth long and had two prongs each"

Two-pronged hooks

something that has two long curved points, which people can hang things on

a handbreadth in length

about 8 centimeters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

the flesh of the offerings would be put on the tables

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they would put the flesh of the offerings on the tables" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 40:44

the inner gate

This is the inner gate on the north.

singers' chambers

"rooms for singers." However, some ancient and modern versions read only "chambers" without the reference to singers.

one on the north side facing south, and the other on the south side facing north

The word "chamber" or "room" is understood from the previous phrase. The phrase "facing south" means that its door is on its south side, and "facing north" means that its door is on its north side. Alternate translation: "one room on the north side facing south, and the other room on the south side facing north" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-ellipsis/01.md]])

Ezekiel 40:45

This room facing south

This refers to the chamber on the north side of the inner courtyard. Alternate translation: "This room whose door is on its south side" or "This room on the north side of the inner courtyard"

who are on duty in the temple

"who are working in the temple" or "who are responsible for guarding the temple"

Ezekiel 40:46

General Information:

The man continues speaking to Ezekiel in the vision.

The room facing north

This refers to the room on the south side of the inner courtyard. The door of the room was on the north side of the room. Alternate translation: "This room whose door is on its north side" or "This room on the south side of the inner courtyard"

the priests on duty at the altar

"the priests who were offering sacrifices on the altar"

come near to Yahweh to serve him

"approach Yahweh in his temple in order to serve him"

Ezekiel 40:47

he measured

"the man measured"

cubits

See how you translated these "long" cubits in Ezekiel 40:5.

one hundred cubits

about 54 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

with the altar

"and the altar was"

the house

This refers to the temple.

Ezekiel 40:48

portico

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16.

the house

this refers to the temple

cubits

See how you translated these "long" cubits in Ezekiel 40:5.

five cubits

about 2.7 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

fourteen cubits

about 7.5 meters

three cubits

about 1.6 meters

Ezekiel 40:49

twenty cubits

about 11 meters

eleven cubits

about 6 meters

columns

pieces of stone that were tall and narrow and supported the roof of the building

Ezekiel 41

Ezekiel 41:intro-0

Ezekiel 41 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focuses on the measurements for the construction of the temple to be built. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/temple.md]])

Ezekiel 41:1

General Information:

The man in Ezekiel's vision (Ezekiel 40:3) continues to show Ezekiel around the temple.

the temple's holy place

the room in the temple in front of the "most holy place"

six cubits in width on either side

These cubits were the "long" cubits (Ezekiel 40:5), 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. "they were six cubits in width on both sides"

six cubits

about 3.2 meters. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

cubits

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 41:2

ten cubits

about 5.4 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

five cubits

about 2.7 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

the dimensions

"the size"

forty cubits

about 22 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

twenty cubits

about 11 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 41:3

Ezekiel 41:4

twenty cubits

about 11 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 41:5

the house

the temple

six cubits

about 3.2 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

cubits

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

four cubits

about 2 meters

Ezekiel 41:6

three levels

"three stories"

There were ledges around the wall of the house

"The house had ledges all around for the side rooms all around." This way the side rooms could rest on the ledge of the wall.

to support

"so that the ledges could support"

for there was no support put in the wall of the house

"for there were no supports in the wall of the house." The people who built the temple did not want stones or wood that would support the side rooms to be sticking out from the wall of the sanctuary.

Ezekiel 41:7

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Ezekiel 41:8

a raised part

a platform

chambers

small rooms

a full stick

Translate "stick" as in Ezekiel 40:5.

cubits

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

six cubits

about 3.2 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 41:9

five cubits

about 2.7 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 41:10

the priests' outer side rooms

"the side rooms of the priests that were further out from the sanctuary"

twenty cubits

about 11 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

cubits

See how you translated these "long" cubits in Ezekiel 40:5. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 41:11

five cubits

about 2.7 meters (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

The width of this open area was five cubits all around

"The entire space between the chambers and the temple was five cubits wide, all around the temple"

Ezekiel 41:12

The building that faced the courtyard on the west side was seventy cubits in width

This can be stated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: "There was a building on the west side of the temple area, and its entrance was towards the courtyard. It was seventy cubits in width"

seventy cubits ... five cubits ... ninety cubits

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. "70 cubits ... 5 cubits ... 90 cubits" or "about 38 meters ... about 2.7 meters ... about 49 meters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 41:13

one hundred cubits

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. "100 cubits" or "about 54 meters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 41:14

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Ezekiel 41:15

the galleries

"the balconies." The balconies were places that were built higher up than the rest of the building. People could go into balconies and look down on the main floor of the building.

one hundred cubits

the portico

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16.

Ezekiel 41:16

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Ezekiel 41:17

General Information:

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Ezekiel 41:18

was decorated

"was made beautiful"

cherubim

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 9:3.

cherub

This is the singular form of "cherubim." See how you translated this in Ezekiel 10:9.

Ezekiel 41:19

General Information:

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Ezekiel 41:20

the house

"the temple"

Ezekiel 41:21

General Information:

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Ezekiel 41:22

the wooden altar in front of the holy place, which was

These words are the end of the sentence that begins with the words "Their appearance was like the appearance of" in verse 21. Possible meanings of the sentence are 1) as it is translated in the ULB or 2) "The appearance of one was like the appearance of the other. The wooden altar in front of the holy place was." The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "They appeared the same way the wooden altar in front of the holy place appeared. They were" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

three cubits ... two cubits

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "about 1.6 meters ... about 1.1 meters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 41:23

There were double doors for the holy place and the most holy place

"The holy place and the most holy place both had two doors"

Ezekiel 41:24

These doors had two hinged door panels each

"Each door had two parts that were on hinges." Hinges connect doors to the wall and allow the doors to swing.

two panels for one door and two panels for the other

"both of the doors for both the holy place and the most holy place had two parts"

Ezekiel 41:25

just as the walls were decorated

"just as the walls also had carvings of cherubim and palm trees"

portico

covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16.

Ezekiel 41:26

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Ezekiel 42

Ezekiel 42:intro-0

Ezekiel 42 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focused on the storerooms for keeping the holy things of the temple. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/temple.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/holy.md]])

Ezekiel 42:1

the outer courtyard

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 10:5.

Ezekiel 42:2

one hundred cubits ... fifty cubits

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "100 cubits ... 50 cubits" or "about 54 meters ... about 27 meters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 42:3

twenty cubits

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "20 cubits" or "about 11 meters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Some of those rooms faced the inner courtyard

"Some of those rooms were toward the inner courtyard" or "The entrance of some of those rooms was toward the inner courtyard"

inner courtyard

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16.

were open to them

"looked out onto the inner courtyard"

having a walkway

"because there was a place where one could walk along the rooms"

Some of the rooms looked out onto the outer courtyard

"Some of the rooms were toward the outer courtyard" or "The entrance of some of the rooms was toward the outer courtyard"

Ezekiel 42:4

ten cubits ... one hundred cubits

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "10 cubits ... 100 cubits" or "about 5.4 meters ... about 54 meters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 42:5

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Ezekiel 42:6

smaller in size compared to the rooms

"smaller than the rooms"

Ezekiel 42:7

fifty cubits

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "50 cubits" or "about 27 meters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 42:8

fifty cubits ... one hundred cubits

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "50 cubits ... 100 cubits" or "about 27 meters ... about 54 meters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 42:9

General Information:

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Ezekiel 42:10

General Information:

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Ezekiel 42:11

They were as the appearance of the rooms on the northern side

The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "The way the rooms on the northern side appeared was the way these rooms appeared" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 42:12

at its head

"at its beginning"

Ezekiel 42:13

the food offering

the grain or flour that the people offered to show that they were thankful to God

Ezekiel 42:14

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Ezekiel 42:15

to the gate that faced the east

"out to the east gate" or "out through the east gate"

Ezekiel 42:16

He measured

The word "he" refers to the man who looked like bronze (Ezekiel 40:3).

measuring stick

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5.

five hundred cubits

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "500 cubits" or "about 270 meters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 42:17

General Information:

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Ezekiel 42:18

General Information:

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Ezekiel 42:19

General Information:

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Ezekiel 42:20

It had a wall around it

"The house had a wall all around it"

five hundred cubits

common

not holy

Ezekiel 43

Ezekiel 43:intro-0

Ezekiel 43 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. God entered the temple. He told the people not to defile the temple by being idol worshipers or by having the funerals of their kings in the temple courtyard. He also told them what offerings to make each day. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/temple.md]])

Ezekiel 43:1

General Information:

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Ezekiel 43:2

Behold!

The word "Behold" here alerts the reader to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.

many waters

This simply means "a lot of water." It could refer to a loud river or a large waterfall or the waves crashing at the ocean. All of these are very loud. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 1:24.

the earth shone with his glory

"the earth was full of bright light from his glory"

Ezekiel 43:3

It was

"The glory of God coming from the east was"

It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw, according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city

Possible meanings are 1) the second phrase beginning with "according to" explains the meaning of the first phrase beginning with "according to." Alternate translation: "It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city" or 2) the first phrase refers to the vision that Ezekiel had just seen of God's glory. Alternate translation: "The appearance of this vision that I saw was according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city"

according to the appearance of the vision

The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "just like what appeared in the vision" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

according to the vision

"like the vision"

when he had come to destroy the city

"when the God of Israel had come to destroy the city." If the earlier Hebrew reading "when I had come to destroy the city" is used, then "destroy the city" is a synecdoche for "prophesy that the city will be destroyed." Alternate translation: "when I had come to prophesy that the city will be destroyed" or "when I had come to prophesy that the God of Israel will destroy the city" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

Ezekiel 43:4

General Information:

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Ezekiel 43:5

Behold

Your language may have a different word to show that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw.

Ezekiel 43:6

General Information:

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Ezekiel 43:7

the corpses of their kings

The idols that the people's kings worshiped are spoken of as if they are corpses because the idols are not alive. Alternate translation: "the lifeless idols that their kings worshiped" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 43:8

They profaned

"The Israelites profaned"

disgusting actions

"the disgusting things they did." God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 5:9.

consumed them with my anger

The phrase "consumed" here means "completely destroyed." Alternate translation: "completely destroyed them because I was angry" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 43:9

the corpses of their kings

The idols that the people's kings worshiped are spoken of as if they are corpses because the idols are not alive. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 43:7. Alternate translation: "the lifeless idols that their kings worshiped" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 43:10

this description

"this pattern" or "this plan"

Ezekiel 43:11

before their eyes

Here the Israelites are referred to by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 21:6. Alternate translation: "before them" or "before the Israelite people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])

will keep to all its design

"will keep its pattern"

Ezekiel 43:12

the regulation

"the instruction" or "the rule"

the surrounding border

The word "border" probably refers to the wall that goes all the way around the temple.

most holy

"absolutely holy"

Behold!

"This is important!" Your language may have a way of indicating that the words that follow are important.

Ezekiel 43:13

a cubit

Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "about 54 centimeters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

The border around its surrounding edge

"The border going around its edge"

one span

A span was 23 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. Alternate translation: "about 23 centimeters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

This will be the base of the altar

"These will be the measurements of the base of the altar"

the base of the altar

"the bottom supporting the altar" or "the foundation of the altar"

Ezekiel 43:14

two cubits ... four cubits

Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "about 1.1 meters ... about 2.2 meters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

ledge

a narrow and flat surface that sticks out from a wall

Ezekiel 43:15

The hearth

the place where sacrifices were either cooked or burnt up with fire

four cubits

Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "about 2.2 meters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

horns

The horns were the parts of the altar at the four corners of the altar that stuck up above the rest of the altar.

Ezekiel 43:16

twelve cubits

Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "about 2.2 meters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 43:17

fourteen cubits ... a half cubit ... a cubit

Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "about 7.6 meters ... about 27 centimeters ... about 54 centimeters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

with its steps facing east

"with steps on the east side of the altar" or "and the altar's steps are on its east side"

Ezekiel 43:18

he said

"Yahweh said"

Son of man

the regulations

"the rules" or "the instructions"

Ezekiel 43:19

You will

The word "you" is singular. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 43:20

Then you will take

The word "you" is singular. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 43:19. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

four horns

The horns were the parts of the altar at the four corners of the altar that stuck up above the rest of the altar. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 43:15.

Ezekiel 43:21

General Information:

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Ezekiel 43:22

you will offer

The word "you" and the command refer to Ezekiel and so are singular. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 43:19. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-pronouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

Ezekiel 43:23

you finish ... offer

All instances of "you" and the commands refer to Ezekiel and so are singular. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 43:19. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-pronouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

Ezekiel 43:24

Offer them before Yahweh

The altar on which they will sacrifice the bull and ram is in front of the temple, where the presence of Yahweh dwells.

Ezekiel 43:25

You must prepare

This is spoken to Ezekiel and so the word "You" is singular. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 43:19. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-pronouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

Ezekiel 43:26

General Information:

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Ezekiel 43:27

it will come about that

This phrase is used here to mark an important part of the instructions. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.

your burnt offerings ... your peace offerings ... accept you

The words "your" and "you" are second person plural and refer to the people of Israel in general. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-pronouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

will accept you

"will gladly receive you"

Ezekiel 44

Ezekiel 44:intro-0

Ezekiel 44 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. Foreigners and the Levites who have worshiped idols are not allowed in the temple. The priests alone will do the temple work. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/temple.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/priest.md]])

Ezekiel 44:1

to the outer sanctuary gate that faced east

"to the outer sanctuary gate on the east side of the temple"

Ezekiel 44:2

it will not be opened

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "no one will open it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the God of Israel

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:4.

Ezekiel 44:3

He will enter by way of the gate's portico and go out the same way

He will enter the courtyard through another gate and then sit in the portico of the east gate and eat.

portico

covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. In this case, the portico opens into the courtyard and is between the entrance to the temple and the inside of the gate. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16.

before Yahweh

"in front of Yahweh" or "in the presence of Yahweh"

Ezekiel 44:4

Then he

Possible meanings are 1) "Then the man" or 2) "Then Yahweh."

behold

The word "behold" here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw.

the glory of Yahweh

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 1:28.

I fell to my face

Ezekiel 44:5

set your heart

"pay attention to" or "think about." Translate as you translated "fix your mind on" in Ezekiel 40:4. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

all its regulations

"all the instructions about the house of Yahweh"

Ezekiel 44:6

the house of Israel

Let all of your disgusting actions be enough for you

"Your disgusting actions have been more than enough for you" or "You have done far too many disgusting deeds"

disgusting actions

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 5:9.

Ezekiel 44:7

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 44:8

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.

Ezekiel 44:9

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 44:10

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.

went far from me ... wandered away from me, going after their idols

The way a person lives is spoken of as walking on a path. Alternate translation: "stopped worshiping me ... stopped doing what I wanted them to do. Instead, they worshiped their idols" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 44:11

are servants in my sanctuary

"will be the servants in my temple"

watching the gates of the house

"performing guard duty at the gates of the house"

they will stand before the people and serve them

"these Levites will stand before the people, so that they can serve the people"

Ezekiel 44:12

became stumbling blocks for sin for the house of Israel

A person who causes another person to sin is spoken of as if he were something on a path over which people stumble. Alternate translation: "became people who caused the house of Israel to sin" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

the house of Israel

I will lift up my hand to swear an oath

In those days a person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that God would punish him if he did not do what he swore to do. See how you translated these words in Ezekiel 20:6. Alternate translation: "I will solemnly swear" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

against them

"that I will punish them"

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

they will bear their punishment

The abstract noun "punishment" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "I will certainly punish them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])

Ezekiel 44:13

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.

They

the Levites (Ezekiel 44:10)

They will not come near

"I will not permit them to come near." Yahweh does not want them to come to him the way a servant comes to a king to receive commands, as the descendants of Zadok will do (Ezekiel 40:46).

will bear their reproach and their guilt

"will be ashamed and suffer when I punish them"

disgusting actions

"the disgusting things you do." God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 5:9.

Ezekiel 44:14

keepers

people who guard or take care of something

that is done in it

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "that they need to do in it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 44:15

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.

and the descendants of Zadok who fulfilled

"who are descendants of Zadok and who fulfilled"

Ezekiel 44:16

General Information:

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Ezekiel 44:17

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests.

So it will be that

"So"

the inner courtyard

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16.

linen

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 9:2.

wool

cloth or clothing made of the soft hair of sheep

Ezekiel 44:18

turbans

A turban is a head covering that is that is made of a long cloth wrapped around the head.

Ezekiel 44:19

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about how the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests are to do their duties.

outer courtyard

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 10:5.

Ezekiel 44:20

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests.

must trim the hair of their heads

must keep their hair neat

Ezekiel 44:21

General Information:

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Ezekiel 44:22

widow

a woman whose husband has died

from the line of the house of Israel

"who is a descendant of the people of Israel"

the house of Israel

Ezekiel 44:23

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests.

Ezekiel 44:24

In a dispute they will stand to judge with my decrees

"When people are arguing, they will be the ones who decide who is right by applying my laws"

Ezekiel 44:25

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests.

Ezekiel 44:26

General Information:

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Ezekiel 44:27

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 44:28

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests.

you

The word "you" refers to the people of Israel and so is plural. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-pronouns/01.md]])

property

land that a person owns and uses to provide for the needs of his family

in Israel

"in the land of Israel"

Ezekiel 44:29

General Information:

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Ezekiel 44:30

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests.

every contribution, anything from all of your contributions

"every gift of whatever kind from all your gifts" or "all gifts of every sort of all of your gifts"

so that blessing may rest on your house

This phrase means "so that I will bless your family and everything that belongs to you." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])

Ezekiel 44:31

or animal torn by a wild animal, whether bird or beast

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "or any creature that a bird or a wild animal has torn apart" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 45

Ezekiel 45:intro-0

Ezekiel 45 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There should be an area around the temple complex for the homes of the priests and Levites who work at the temple. People should celebrate the festivals. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/temple.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/priest.md]])

Ezekiel 45:1

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.

twenty-five thousand cubits in length ... ten thousand cubits in width

Each cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "25,000 cubits long ... 10,000 cubits wide" or "about 13.5 kilometers long ... about 5.4 kilometers wide" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

all its area round about

"all of the area inside of the borders around it"

Ezekiel 45:2

five hundred cubits ... fifty cubits in width

Each cubit was about 54 centimeters. Alternate translation: "500 cubits ... 50 cubits wide" or "about 270 meters ... about 27 meters wide" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 45:3

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.

this area

the temple and the border surrounding it

a portion

"a portion of land"

twenty-five thousand cubits ... ten thousand

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "25,000 cubits ... 10,000 cubits" or "about 13.5 kilometers ... about 5.4 kilometers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 45:4

General Information:

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Ezekiel 45:5

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 45:6

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.

five thousand cubits ... twenty-five thousand

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "5,000 cubits ... 25,000 cubits" or "about 2.7 kilometers ... about 13.5 kilometers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

reserved for the holy place

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "that you gave for the holy place" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 45:7

The length will correspond to the length of one of those portions

It is implied that Ezekiel is comparing the prince's land with the size of the land given to each of the tribes. Alternate translation: "The length will be the same as the length of one of the portions given to the tribes" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

from the west to the east

It is implied that these are the western and eastern borders of the land of Israel. "from the western border of Israel at the sea to the eastern border at the Jordan River"

Ezekiel 45:8

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.

This land will be property for the prince in Israel

"This portion of the land will be the property of the prince among the people of Israel"

Ezekiel 45:9

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

It is enough for you

"You have done too many bad things" or "You have been acting badly for far too long"

Ezekiel 45:10

scales

an instrument that was used to weigh things that people sold or bought

Ezekiel 45:11

The ephah and the bath

An ephah and a bath are measurments that are equal to about 22 liters. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bvolume/01.md]])

so that a bath will be a tenth of a homer

"so that ten baths will be the same amount as a homer"

homer

A homer is equal to about 220 liters. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bvolume/01.md]])

Ezekiel 45:12

shekel

about 11 grams (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bweight/01.md]])

gerahs

about 0.55 grams (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bweight/01.md]])

mina

about 660 grams (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bweight/01.md]])

Ezekiel 45:13

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.

for every homer of wheat

It is implied that this is the amount of wheat that the people harvest. Alternate translation: "for every homer of wheat from the harvest" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])

Ezekiel 45:14

The regulation offering of oil will be a tenth of a bath

"You must offer one tenth of a bath of oil"

bath

This equals about 22 liters. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bvolume/01.md]])

cor

This equals about 220 liters. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bvolume/01.md]])

homer

This equals about 220 liters. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bvolume/01.md]])

Ezekiel 45:15

the watered regions of Israel

"the parts of Israel that get a good amount of water"

will be used for

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "you will use for" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 45:16

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.

Ezekiel 45:17

the fixed festivals

the festivals that happen at the same time every year or month or week

the house of Israel

Ezekiel 45:18

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.

The Lord Yahweh says this

In the first month, on the first day of the month

This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-hebrewmonths/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

you will take

The word "you" is singular and refers to whoever is the prince in Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

Ezekiel 45:19

General Information:

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Ezekiel 45:20

on the seventh of the month

"on the seventh day of the first month" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

for each person's sin by accident or ignorance

"for each person who had sinned without meaning to or because he did not know he was sinning" or "for each person who had sinned by accident or because he did not now what was right"

Ezekiel 45:21

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.

In the first month on the fourteenth day of the month

This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-hebrewmonths/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

for you

The word "you" is plural and refers to the prince and the rest of the people of the house of Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

Ezekiel 45:22

General Information:

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Ezekiel 45:23

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.

Seven bulls and seven unblemished rams

"Seven bulls and seven rams that are completely healthy"

Ezekiel 45:24

food offering

This is also called a "grain offering."

an ephah

You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: "twenty-two liters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bvolume/01.md]])

a hin

You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: "four liters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bvolume/01.md]])

each ephah

You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: "each twenty-two liters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bvolume/01.md]])

Ezekiel 45:25

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.

In the seventh month on the fifteenth day of the month

This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-hebrewmonths/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-ordinal/01.md]])

at the festival

This is a different festival from the festival Ezekiel was describing before.

Ezekiel 46

Ezekiel 46:intro-0

Ezekiel 46 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focuses on many of the temple's rules. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/temple.md]])

Ezekiel 46:1

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.

The Lord Yahweh says this

The gate of the inner courtyard, facing east

"the gate on the east side of the inner courtyard" or "the eastern gate of the inner courtyard"

inner courtyard

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16.

Ezekiel 46:2

inner gate

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:19.

Ezekiel 46:3

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.

before Yahweh

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 43:24.

Ezekiel 46:4

General Information:

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Ezekiel 46:5

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 46:6

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.

unblemished

perfectly healthy and normal

Ezekiel 46:7

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 46:8

portico

covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16.

Ezekiel 46:9

before Yahweh

"in front of Yahweh" or "in the presence of Yahweh." See how you translated this in Ezekiel 44:3.

appointed festivals

Translate as you translated "appointed feasts" in Ezekiel 36:37.

Ezekiel 46:10

General Information:

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Ezekiel 46:11

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 46:12

the gate facing east will be opened for him

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the Levites will open the gate facing east for him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

the gate facing east

"the eastern gate" or "the gate on the east side of the courtyard"

Ezekiel 46:13

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.

Ezekiel 46:14

to moisten

"which will soak"

Ezekiel 46:15

General Information:

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Ezekiel 46:16

The Lord Yahweh says this

Ezekiel 46:17

year of liberty

This is the year that a servant gains freedom. This is also called the "Year of Jubilee."

Ezekiel 46:18

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 46:19

which faced north

"which had their main entrances to the north"

behold!

Ezekiel saw something interesting.

Ezekiel 46:20

outer courtyard

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 10:5.

Ezekiel 46:21

outer courtyard

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 10:5.

Ezekiel 46:22

forty cubits ... thirty

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "40 cubits ... 30 cubits" or "about 21.6 meters ... about 16.2 meters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 46:23

cooking hearths

places where people can build fire and cook food

Ezekiel 46:24

General Information:

This page has intentionally been left blank.

Ezekiel 47

Ezekiel 47:intro-0

Ezekiel 47 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There was a river flowing from the temple. The land was to be divided among the tribes. The landscape of Jerusalem will have changed in a significant way. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/temple.md]])

Ezekiel 47:1

to the right of the altar

This is the right side of the altar when a person looks at it while they are facing east, so it is on the south side of the altar. Alternate translation: "on the south side of the altar"

Ezekiel 47:2

the gate facing east

"the eastern gate" or "the eastern gate of the outer wall"

Ezekiel 47:3

measuring line

a string or a rope that people use to measure longer distances

one thousand cubits

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. Alternate translation: "1,000 cubits" or "about 540 meters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 47:4

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Ezekiel 47:5

a river that could not be crossed

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "a river that no one could cross on foot" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

Ezekiel 47:6

Son of man

do you see this?

Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:15. Alternate translation: "think about this." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])

Ezekiel 47:7

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Ezekiel 47:8

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Ezekiel 47:9

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Ezekiel 47:10

Then it will happen

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 21:7.

En Gedi

This is the name of a very large spring on the western side of the Salt Sea. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

a place to dry out the fishing nets

"a place for people to dry out their fishing nets"

En Eglaim

This is the name of a large spring on the eastern side of the Salt Sea. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Ezekiel 47:11

swamps

places with shallow water and trees growing in deep mud

marshes

places with shallow water and grasses growing in deep mud

Ezekiel 47:12

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Ezekiel 47:13

Joseph will have two portions

The person is a metonym for his descendants. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Joseph will receive two areas of land" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])

Ezekiel 47:14

I lifted up my hand and swore

In those days a person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that God would punish him if he did not do what he swore to do. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])

Ezekiel 47:15

boundary

the end of an area of land

Hethlon ... Zedad

These are the names of towns. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Ezekiel 47:16

Berothah ... Sibraim ... Hazer Hattikon ... Hauran

These are the names of towns. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Ezekiel 47:17

Hazar Enan

the name of a town (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

border

where two areas of land meet

Ezekiel 47:18

Hauran

This is the name of a town. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Ezekiel 47:19

Tamar ... Meribah Kadesh

These are the names of towns. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

the brook of Egypt

a very large ravine in the northeast part of the Sinai

Ezekiel 47:20

Hamath

This is the name of a town. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Ezekiel 47:21

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Ezekiel 47:22

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Ezekiel 47:23

Then it will happen that

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 21:7.

this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 48

Ezekiel 48:intro-0

Ezekiel 48 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There is more dividing of the land between the tribes in this chapter as well.

Ezekiel 48:1

one portion of land

"one piece of the land that you will distribute"

boundary will run ... boundary will go

"boundary will be ... boundary will be"

Hethlon

This is the name of a town. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 47:15.

Lebo Hamath

This is the name of a town. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 47:15 or Ezekiel 47:20

Hazar Enan

This is the name of a town. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 47:17.

Ezekiel 48:2

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Ezekiel 48:3

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Ezekiel 48:4

one portion

Translate as you translated "one portion of land" in Ezekiel 48:1.

from the east side to the west

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 48:3.

Ezekiel 48:5

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Ezekiel 48:6

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Ezekiel 48:7

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Ezekiel 48:8

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel.

twenty-five thousand cubits

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "25,000 cubits" or "13.5 kilometers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 48:9

twenty-five thousand cubits ... ten thousand cubits

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "25,000 cubits ... 10,000 cubits" or "13.5 kilometers ... 5.4 kilometers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 48:10

The priests will have land assigned to them

This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "The leaders of the Israelites will assign land to the priests" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])

twenty-five thousand cubits ... ten thousand cubits

Ezekiel 48:11

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Ezekiel 48:12

The offering for them will be a portion of this most holy land

"This smaller portion within the holy portion of the land will belong to these priests, a portion that is more holy than the rest of the holy portion of the land"

Ezekiel 48:13

twenty-five thousand cubits ... ten thousand cubits

Ezekiel 48:14

this firstfruits

"this land which is the firstfruits." Here "firstfruits" probably means the best things among all the offerings set aside to give to God. This land is spoken of in that way, as land set aside for Yahweh's use. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])

Ezekiel 48:15

five thousand cubits ... twenty-five thousand cubits

"5000 cubits ... 25,000 cubits." Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "almost 2.3 kilometers ... about 13.5 kilometers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

will be for the collective use of the city

"will be an area that all the people of the city will share and use"

the houses, and the pastureland

"as a place for houses and for an open space"

Ezekiel 48:16

4,500 cubits

"four thousand five hundred cubits." Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "about 2.4 kilometers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 48:17

250 cubits

"two hundred and fifty cubits." A cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "about 135 meters" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

Ezekiel 48:18

ten thousand cubits

"10,000 cubits." A cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "about 5.4 kilometers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

its produce

"the food that grows there"

Ezekiel 48:19

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel.

Ezekiel 48:20

twenty-five thousand cubits

Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. Alternate translation: "25,000 cubits" or "about 13.5 kilometers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

In this way you will make the holy offering of land, together with the land for the city.

"You will offer the holy offering and also the property of the city"

you

This is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

the holy offering

the land that the people of Israel gave to Yahweh for the Levites, the priests, and the temple

Ezekiel 48:21

the holy offering

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 48:18.

twenty-five thousand cubits

Ezekiel 48:22

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Ezekiel 48:23

one portion

Translate as you translated "one portion of land" in Ezekiel 48:1.

Ezekiel 48:24

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Ezekiel 48:25

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Ezekiel 48:26

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Ezekiel 48:27

General Information:

Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel.

Ezekiel 48:28

Tamar ... Meribah Kadesh

names of towns. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 47:19. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

the brook of Egypt

a very large ravine in the northeast part of the Sinai. See how you translated this in Ezekiel 47:19. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])

Ezekiel 48:29

you

This is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])

cast lots

See how you translated this in Ezekiel 45:1.

This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration

Ezekiel 48:30

4,500 cubits

Ezekiel 48:31

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Ezekiel 48:32

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Ezekiel 48:33

4,500 cubits

"four thousand five hunded cubits." This is about 2.4 kilometers. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-numbers/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-bdistance/01.md]])

open-licensed biblical content

Ezekiel

Ezekiel front

Ezekiel front:intro

Introduction to Ezekiel

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of Ezekiel

What is Ezekiel about?

How should the title of this book be translated?

Who wrote the Book of Ezekiel?

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

What was Ezekiel's temple?

Do the sacrifices in Ezekiel follow the law of Moses?

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

How should one represent Ezekiel's visions in translation?

What does "and you will know that I am Yahweh" mean?

Ezekiel 1

Ezekiel 1:intro-0

Ezekiel 01 General Notes

Structure and formatting

# Ezekiel's call

Links:

Ezekiel 1:1

In the thirtieth year

the fourth month, and the fifth day of the month

it came about that

I was living among the captives

I saw visions of God

the Kebar Canal

Ezekiel 1:2

General Information:

Ezekiel 1:3

to Ezekiel ... upon him there

the word of Yahweh came to Ezekiel

Buzi

the hand of Yahweh was upon him

Yahweh

Ezekiel 1:4

Connecting Statement:

a windstorm

coming from the north

a great cloud with fire flashing within it

fire flashing

brightness surrounding it and inside of it

the color of amber

amber

Ezekiel 1:5

In the middle

the likeness of four living creatures

This was their appearance

They had the likeness of a man

Ezekiel 1:6

but they had four faces each, and each of the creatures had four wings

Ezekiel 1:7

Connecting Statement:

but the soles of their feet were like the hooves of a calf

hooves of a calf

that shone like polished bronze

Ezekiel 1:8

on all four sides

For all four, their faces and wings were like this

Ezekiel 1:9

they did not turn as they went

Ezekiel 1:10

Connecting Statement:

The likeness of their faces was like the face of a man

The four of them had the face of a lion to the right side

the four of them had the face of an ox on the left side

They four had also the face of an eagle

Ezekiel 1:11

their wings were spread out above, so that each creature had a pair of wings that touched another creature's wing

and also a pair of wings that covered their bodies

Ezekiel 1:12

Each went straight forward

Ezekiel 1:13

Connecting Statement:

As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like burning coals

there were flashes of lightning

Ezekiel 1:14

The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they had the appearance of lightning