2 Peter
2 Peter front
2 Peter front:intro
Introduction to 2 Peter
Part 1: General Introduction
Outline of the Book of 2 Peter
- Introduction (1:1-2)
- Reminder to live good lives because God has enabled us to (1:3-21)
- Warning against false teachers (2:1-22)
- Encouragement to prepare for the second coming of Jesus (3:1-17)
Who wrote the Book of 2 Peter?
The author identified himself as Simon Peter. Simon Peter was an apostle. He also wrote 1 Peter. Peter probably wrote this letter while in a prison in Rome just before he died. Peter called this letter his second letter, so we can date it after 1 Peter. He addressed the letter to the same audience as his first letter. The audience probably was Christians scattered throughout Asia Minor.
What is the Book of 2 Peter about?
Peter wrote this letter to encourage believers to live good lives. He warned them about false teachers who were saying Jesus was taking too long to return. He told them that Jesus was not slow in returning. Instead, God was giving people time to repent so that they would be saved.
How should the title of this book be translated?
Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "2 Peter" or "Second Peter." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The Second Letter from Peter" or "The Second Letter Peter Wrote." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])
Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
Who were the people Peter spoke against?
It is possible that the people Peter spoke against were those who would become known as Gnostics. These teachers distorted the teachings of scripture for their own gain. They lived in immoral ways and taught others to do the same.
What does it mean that God inspired Scripture?
The doctrine of scripture is a very important one. 2 Peter helps readers to understand that while each writer of scripture had his own distinct way of writing, God is the true author of scripture (1:20-21).
Part 3: Important Translation Issues
# Singular and plural "you"
In this book, the word "I" refers to Peter. Also, the word "you" is always plural and refers to Peter's audience. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])
What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Peter?
For the following verses, some modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If translations of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the readings found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.
- "to be kept in chains of lower darkness until the judgment" (2:4). Some modern versions and older versions have, "to be kept in pits of lower darkness until the judgment."
- "They enjoy their deceitful actions while they are feasting with you" (2:13). Some versions have, "They enjoy their actions while they are feasting with you in love feasts."
- "Beor" (2:15). Some other versions read, "Bosor."
- "The elements will be burned with fire, and the earth and the deeds in it will be revealed" (3:10). Other versions have, "The elements will be burned with fire, and the earth and the deeds in it will be burned up."
(See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-textvariants/01.md]])
2 Peter 1
2 Peter 1:intro-0
2 Peter 01 General Notes
Structure and formatting
Peter formally introduces this letter in verses 1-2. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.
Special concepts in this chapter
# Knowledge of God
To have knowledge of God means to belong to him or to have a relationship with him. Here, "knowledge" is more than just mentally knowing about God. It is a knowledge that causes God to save a person and to give him grace and peace. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/know.md]])
# Living godly lives
Peter teaches that God has given believers all that they need for living godly lives. Therefore, believers should do everything they can to obey God more and more. If believers continue to do this, then they will be effective and productive through their relationship with Jesus. However, if believers do not continue living godly lives, then it is like they have forgotten what God did through Christ to save them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/godly.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/save.md]])
Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
# The truth of Scripture
Peter teaches that the prophecies in Scripture were not made up by men. The Holy Spirit revealed God's message to the men who spoke them or wrote them down. Also, Peter and the other apostles did not make up the stories they told people about Jesus. They witnessed what Jesus did and heard God call Jesus his son.
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2 Peter 1:1
General Information:
Peter identifies himself as the writer and identifies and greets the believers he is writing to.
slave and apostle of Jesus Christ
Peter speaks of being Jesus Christ's servant. He also was given the position and authority of being Christ's apostle.
to those who have received the same precious faith
That these people have received faith implies that God has given that faith to them. Alternate translation: "to those to whom God has given the same precious faith" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])
to those who have received
"to you who have received." Peter addresses all believers who may read this letter.
we have received
Here the word "we" refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to those to whom he is writing. Alternate translation: "we apostles have received" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])
2 Peter 1:2
May grace and peace increase in measure
God is the one who will give grace and peace to believers. Alternate translation: "May God increase your grace and your peace" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])
May grace and peace increase
Peter speaks of peace as if it were an object that could increase in size or numbers. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
in the knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord
You can translate "knowledge" using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "through your knowing God and Jesus our Lord" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])
2 Peter 1:3
General Information:
Peter begins to teach the believers about living godly lives.
for life and godliness
Here "godliness" describes the word "life." Alternate translation: "for a godly life" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hendiadys/01.md]])
through the knowledge of him who called us
You may need to make specific that it is Peter and his readers who know God. Alternate translation: "through our knowledge of God, who called us" or "because we know God, who has called us"
who called us
Here the word "us" refers to Peter and his audience. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])
through his own glory and excellence
Possible meanings are 1) "by showing us his own glory and greatness" or 2) "to share his own glory and excellence."
2 Peter 1:4
Through these
Here "these" refers to "his own glory and virtue."
you might be sharers
"you might share"
the divine nature
what God is like
having escaped the corruption in the world that is caused by evil desires
Peter speaks of people not suffering from the corruption that wicked desires cause as if they were escaping from that corruption. The word "corruption" is an abstract noun that can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "and so that the wicked desires in this world will no longer corrupt you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])
2 Peter 1:5
For this reason
This refers to what Peter has just said in the previous verses. Alternate translation: "Because of what God has done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])
2 Peter 1:6
General Information:
This page has intentionally been left blank.
2 Peter 1:7
brotherly affection
This refers to love for a friend or family member and likely means love for ones spiritual family.
2 Peter 1:8
these things
This refers to faith, virtue, knowledge, self-control, endurance, godliness, brotherly affection, and love, which Peter mentioned in the previous verses.
they will keep you from being barren or unfruitful
Peter speaks of these qualities as if they were people who could change his readers, and he speaks of his readers as if they were cattle or a food crop. This can be translated using the opposites of "barren" and "unfruitful." Alternate translation: "because you have them you will not be barren or unfruitful" or "they will enable you to do much valuable work" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublenegatives/01.md]])
barren or unfruitful
A "barren" animal is one that cannot bear offspring, and an "unfruitful" plant is one that cannot bear food. These are metaphors that describe people who do not do valuable work. If your language has only one word for these two ideas, you can treat them as a doublet and combine them. Alternate translation: "unproductive" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])
in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ
You can translate "knowledge" using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "through your knowing God and Jesus our Lord" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])
2 Peter 1:9
whoever lacks these things
any person who does not have these things
is so nearsighted that he is blind
Peter speaks of a person who does not possess these qualities as if he were a nearsighted or blind person because he does not understand their value. Alternate translation: "is like a shortsighted person who cannot see their importance" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
he has been cleansed from his past sins
You can use a verb to translate this. Alternate translation: "that God has cleansed him from his old sins" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])
2 Peter 1:10
make your calling and election sure
The words "calling" and "election" share similar meanings and refer to God's choosing people to belong to him. Alternate translation: "make sure that God has really chosen you to belong to him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])
you will not stumble
Here the word "stumble" refers either to 1) committing sin. Alternate translation: "you will not practice sinful behavior" or 2) becoming unfaithful to Christ. Alternate translation: "you will not become unfaithful to Christ" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
2 Peter 1:11
there will be richly provided for you an entrance into the eternal kingdom
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will richly provide for you an entrance into the eternal kingdom" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
an entrance
the opportunity to enter
2 Peter 1:12
Connecting Statement:
Peter tells the believers about his obligation to continue reminding them and teaching them.
you are strong in the truth
"you strongly believe the truth of these things"
2 Peter 1:13
to stir you up by way of reminder
Here the word "stir" means to awaken someone from sleep. Peter speaks of causing his readers to think about these things as if he were waking them from sleep. Alternate translation: "to remind you of these things so that you will think about them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
as long as I am in this tent
Peter speaks of his body as if it were a tent that he is wearing and will take off. Being in his body represents being alive, and taking it off represents dying. Alternate translation: "as long as I am in this body" or "as long as I am alive" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])
2 Peter 1:14
the putting off of my tent will be soon
Peter speaks of his body as if it were a tent that he is wearing and will take off. Being in his body represents being alive, and taking it off represents dying. Alternate translation: "I will soon take off this body" or "I will die soon" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])
2 Peter 1:15
you may always be able to remember these things
Here the words "these things" refers to everything that Peter has said in the previous verses.
after my departure
Peter speaks of his death as if he were leaving one place to go to another. Alternate translation: "after my death" or "after I die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])
2 Peter 1:16
Connecting Statement:
Peter continues to explain his teachings to the believers and explains why they are trustworthy.
For we did not follow cleverly invented myths
Here the word "we" refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to his readers. Alternate translation: "For we apostles did not follow cleverly made-up stories" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])
the power and the coming
These two phrases may refer to the same thing and be translated as a single phrase. Alternate translation: "the powerful coming" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hendiadys/01.md]])
the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ
Possible meanings are 1) the future second coming of the Lord Jesus or 2) the first coming of the Lord Jesus.
our Lord Jesus Christ
Here the word "our" refers to all believers. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])
2 Peter 1:17
when a voice was brought to him by the Majestic Glory
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "when he heard a voice come from the Majestic Glory" or "when he heard the voice of the Majestic Glory speak to him" or "when the Majestic Glory spoke to him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
the Majestic Glory, saying
Peter refers to God in terms of his glory. This is a euphemism that avoids using God's name, out of reverence for him. Alternate translation: "God, the Supreme Glory, saying" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])
2 Peter 1:18
We ourselves heard this voice brought from heaven
With the word "We," Peter is referring to himself and to the disciples James and John, who heard the voice of God. Alternate translation: "We ourselves heard this voice that came from heaven" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])
heard this voice brought from heaven
"heard the voice of the one who spoke from heaven"
we were with him
"we were with Jesus"
2 Peter 1:19
General Information:
Peter begins to warn the believers about false teachers.
For we have the prophetic word made more certain
The things that Peter and the other apostles saw, which he described in the previous verses, confirm what the prophets spoke. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "For the things that we saw make this prophetic message more sure" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
For we have
Here the word "we" refers to all believers, including Peter and his readers. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])
the prophetic word made
This refers to the Old Testament. Alternate translation: "the scriptures, which the prophets spoke, made" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])
to which you would do well to pay attention
Peter instructs the believers to pay close attention to the prophetic message.
as to a lamp shining in a dark place until the day dawns
Peter compares the prophetic word to a lamp that gives light in the dark until light comes in the morning. The coming of morning is a reference to Christ's coming. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])
the morning star rises in your hearts
Peter speaks of Christ as the "morning star," which indicates that daybreak and the end of darkness is near. Christ will bring light into the hearts of believers, ending all doubt and bringing full understanding of who he is. Here "hearts" is a metonym for people's minds. Alternate translation: "Christ shines his light into your hearts like the morning star shines its light into the world" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
the morning star
The "morning star" refers to the planet Venus, which sometimes rises just before the sun and indicates that daybreak is near.
2 Peter 1:20
Above all, you must understand
"Most importantly, you must understand"
no prophecy of scripture comes from someone's own interpretation
Possible meanings are 1) the prophets did not make their prophecies on their own or 2) people must rely on the Holy Spirit to understand the prophecies or 3) people must interpret the prophecies with the help of the entire Christian community of believers.
2 Peter 1:21
men spoke from God when they were carried along by the Holy Spirit
Peter speaks of the Holy Spirit helping the prophets to write what God wanted them to write as if the Holy Spirit were carrying them from one place to another. Alternate translation: "men spoke from God as the Holy Spirit directed them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
2 Peter 2
2 Peter 2:intro-0
2 Peter 02 General Notes
Special concepts in this chapter
# Flesh
"Flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. Here it does not represent the physical part of man. "Flesh" represents the human nature that rejects all things godly and desires what is sinful. This is the condition of all humans before they receive the Holy Spirit by believing in Jesus. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/flesh.md]])
# Implicit information
There are several analogies in 2:4-8 that are difficult to understand if the Old Testament has not yet been translated. Further explanation may be necessary. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])
Links:
2 Peter 2:1
General Information:
Peter begins to warn the believers about false teachers.
False prophets came to the people, and false teachers will also come to you
Just as false prophets came deceiving Israel with their words, so will false teachers come teaching lies about Christ.
destructive heresies
The word "heresies" refers to opinions that are contrary to the teaching of Christ and the apostles. These heresies destroy the faith of those who believe them.
the master who bought them
The word "master" here refers to a person who owns slaves. Peter speaks of Jesus as the owner of people whom he has bought, the price being his death. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])
2 Peter 2:2
sensuality
immoral sexual behavior
the way of truth will be slandered
The phrase "way of truth" refers to the Christian faith as the true path to God. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "unbelievers will slander the way of truth" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
2 Peter 2:3
exploit you with deceptive words
"convince you to give them money by telling you lies"
Their condemnation has been coming for a long time, and their destruction is not asleep
Peter speaks of "condemnation" and "destruction" as if they are persons who act. These abstract nouns can be expressed with the verbs "condemn" and "destroy". Alternate translation: "It was decided long ago that they would be condemned; they will surely be destroyed" or "God said long ago that he would condemn them; he is ready to destroy them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])
Their condemnation has been coming for a long time, and their destruction is not asleep
Possible meanings are 1) the false teachers will be condemned, and as a result they will be destroyed, or 2) the two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how soon or how certainly the false teachers will be condemned. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-parallelism/01.md]])
2 Peter 2:4
Connecting Statement:
Peter gives examples of those who acted against God and whom God punished because of what they did.
did not spare
"did not refrain from punishing" or "punished"
he committed them to Tartarus
The word "Tartarus" is a term from Greek religion that refers to the place where evil spirits and wicked men who have died are punished. Alternate translation: "he cast them into hell" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])
to be kept in chains of lower darkness
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "where he will keep them in chains of lower darkness" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
in chains of lower darkness
Possible meanings are 1) "in chains in a very dark place" or 2) "in very deep darkness that imprisons them like chains." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
until the judgment
This refers to the day of judgment when God will judge every person.
2 Peter 2:5
he did not spare the ancient world
Here the word "world" refers to the people who lived in it. Alternate translation: "he did not spare the people who lived in the ancient world" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
he preserved Noah ... along with seven others
God did not destroy Noah and seven other people when he destroyed the rest of the people who lived in the ancient world.
2 Peter 2:6
reduced the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to ashes
"burned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah with fire until only ashes remained"
condemned them to destruction
Here the word "them" refers to Sodom and Gomorrah and the people who lived in them.
as an example of what is to happen to the ungodly
Sodom and Gomorrah serve as an example and a warning of what will happen to others who disobey God.
2 Peter 2:7
Connecting Statement:
Peter gives an example of Lot, whom God rescued out from among men who deserved punishment.
the sensual behavior of lawless people
"the immoral behavior of people who broke God's law"
2 Peter 2:8
that righteous man
This refers to Lot.
was tormented in his righteous soul
Here the word "soul" refers to Lot's thoughts and emotions. The immoral behavior of the citizens of Sodom and Gomorrah disturbed him emotionally. Alternate translation: "was greatly disturbed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])
2 Peter 2:9
rescue ... out of trials
Possible meanings of the word "trials" are 1) tests or temptations, "enable ... to resist temptation" or "enable ... to pass the test," or 2) suffering, "bring ... through suffering."
2 Peter 2:10
Connecting Statement:
Peter begins describing the characteristics of unrighteous men.
This is especially true
The word "this" refers to God keeping unrighteous men in prison until judgment day in 2 Peter 2:9.
those who walk after the corrupt desires of the flesh
The word "flesh" here is a metonym for the body and for selfish desires, and to "walk after" or pursue its "corrupt desires" is a metaphor for those people doing whatever they want to do to satisfy those desires. Alternate translation: "those who continue to indulge their corrupt, sinful desires" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
despise authority
"refuse to submit to God's authority." Here the word "authority" probably refers to God's authority.
authority
Here "authority" stands for God, who has the right to give commands and to punish disobedience. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
self-willed
"doing whatever they want to do"
the glorious ones
This phrase refers to spiritual beings, such as angels or demons.
2 Peter 2:11
greater strength and power
"more strength and power than the false teachers"
they do not bring insulting judgments against them
The word "they" refers to angels. Possible meanings for the word "them" are 1) the glorious ones or 2) the false teachers.
bring insulting judgments against them
The idea that angels could accuse them is spoken of as if they could attack them using accusations as weapons. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
2 Peter 2:12
these people, like unreasoning animals, are naturally made for capture and destruction
Just as people cannot reason with animals, no one can reason with these men. Alternate translation: "these false teachers are like unreasoning animals whose nature is to be born for capture and destruction" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
for capture and destruction
These abstract nouns can be translated as verbs. The author has not stated the actor in these cases, so it is best if you can leave it unstated. Alternate translation: "so that people can capture and destroy them" or "so that other animals can capture and destroy them" or "so that people can capture them or other animals can destroy them" or "and they become prey or die" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
They do not know what they insult
They speak evil of what they do not know or understand.
In destruction they also will be destroyed
This emphasizes that God will destroy them and can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will completely destroy them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
2 Peter 2:13
suffering harm as a reward for doing harm
Peter speaks of the punishment that the false teachers will receive as if it were a reward. Alternate translation: "receiving what they deserve for the harm they have done" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-irony/01.md]])
luxury during the day
Here the word "luxury" refers to immoral activity that includes gluttony, drunkenness, and sexual activity. Doing these things during the day indicates that these people are not ashamed of this behavior.
They are stains and blemishes
The words "stains" and "blemishes" share similar meanings. Peter speaks of the false teachers as if they were stains on a garment that cause shame for those who wear it. Alternate translation: "They are like stains and blemishes on clothes, which cause disgrace" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])
2 Peter 2:14
They have eyes full of adultery
Here the "eyes" represent their desires and "eyes full" means they constant want something. Alternate translation: "They constantly want to commit adultery" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
they are never satisfied with sin
Although they sin in order to satisfy their lusts, the sin that they commit never satisfies.
They entice unstable souls
Here the word "souls" refers to persons. Alternate translation: "They entice unstable people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])
hearts trained in greed
Here the word "hearts" refers to the thoughts and emotions of the person. Because of their habitual actions, they have trained themselves to think and act out of greed. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
2 Peter 2:15
the straight way
Behavior that honors God is spoken of as if it were a path to follow. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
have gone astray
People who commit evil behavior that displeases God are spoken of as if they were animals like cows or sheep who go away from the people who take care of them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
2 Peter 2:16
he obtained a rebuke
You can specify it was God who rebuked Balaam. Alternate translation: "God rebuked him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])
a mute donkey speaking in a human voice
A donkey, which is naturally unable to speak, spoke with a voice like a human.
stopped the prophet's insanity
God used a donkey to stop the prophet's foolish action. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
2 Peter 2:17
These men are springs without water
Springs flowing with water promise refreshment for thirsty people, but "springs without water" will leave the thirsty disappointed. In the same way, false teachers, although they promise many things, are unable to do what they promise. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
mists driven by a storm
When people see storm clouds, they expect rain to fall. When the winds from the storm blow the clouds away before the rain can fall, the people are disappointed. In the same way, false teachers, although they promise many things, are unable to do what they promise. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
The gloom of thick darkness is reserved for them
The word "them" refers to the false teachers. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God has reserved the gloom of thick darkness for them" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
2 Peter 2:18
They speak with vain arrogance
They use impressive but meaningless words.
They entice people through the lusts of the flesh
They appeal to the sinful nature to engage people in immoral and sinful actions.
people who try to escape from those who live in error
This phrase refers to people who recently became believers. The phrase "those who live in error" refers to unbelievers who still live in sin. Alternate translation: "people who try to live rightly, instead of living sinfully as they used to and as other people do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])
people who try to escape
Peter speaks of people who live sinfully as if they are slaves to sin who need to be released from their captivity. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
2 Peter 2:19
They promise freedom to them, but they themselves are slaves of corruption
"Freedom" here is an idiom for the ability to live exactly as one wants. Alternate translation: "They promise to give them the ability to live exactly as they want to live, but they themselves cannot escape their own sinful desires" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
promise freedom ... slaves of corruption
Peter speaks of people who live sinfully as if they were slaves to sin and need to be released from their captivity. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
For a man is a slave to whatever overcomes him
Peter speaks of a person as a slave when anything has control over that person, and that thing as the master of that person. Alternate translation: "For if something has control over a person, that person becomes like a slave to that thing" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
2 Peter 2:20
Connecting Statement:
The words "they" and "them" refer to the false teachers Peter speaks of in verses 12-19.
If they have escaped the corruptions ... and are again entangled in them and overcome
The events in this conditional statement have happened. The false teachers had at one time escaped, but they became entangled and were overcome. Alternate translation: "Since they have escaped ... and are again entangled in them and overcome"
the corruptions of the world
The word "corruptions" refers to sinful behavior that makes one morally impure. The "world" refers to human society. Alternate translation: "the corrupting practices of sinful human society" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
through the knowledge of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ
You can translate "knowledge" using a verbal phrase. See how you translated similar phrases in 2 Peter 1:2. Alternate translation: "by knowing the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])
the last state has become worse for them than the first
"their condition is worse than it was before"
2 Peter 2:21
the way of righteousness
Peter speaks of life as a "way" or path. This phrase refers to living a life that is according to God's will. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
turn away from the holy commandment
Here "turn away from" is a metaphor that means to stop doing something. Alternate translation: "stop obeying the holy commandment" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
the holy commandment delivered to them
This can be stated in active terms. Alternate translation: "the holy commandment that God delivered to them" or "the holy commandment that God made sure that they received" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
2 Peter 2:22
This proverb is true for them
"This proverb applies to them" or "This proverb describes them"
A dog returns to its own vomit, and a washed pig returns to the mud
Peter uses two proverbs to illustrate how the false teachers, although they have known "the way of righteousness," have turned back to the things that make them morally and spiritually impure. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/writing-proverbs/01.md]])
2 Peter 3
2 Peter 3:intro-0
2 Peter 03 General Notes
Special concepts in this chapter
# Fire
People often use fire to destroy things or to make something pure by burning off the dirt and worthless parts. Therefore when God punishes the wicked or purifies his people, it is often associated with fire. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/fire.md]])
# Day of the Lord
The exact time of the coming day of the Lord will come as a surprise to people. This is what the simile "like a thief in the night" means. Because of this, Christians are to be prepared for the coming of the Lord. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/dayofthelord.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])
Links:
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2 Peter 3:1
General Information:
Peter begins to talk about the last days.
to stir up your sincere mind
Peter speaks of causing his readers to think about these things as if he were waking them from sleep. Alternate translation: "to cause you to think pure thoughts" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
2 Peter 3:2
the words spoken in the past by the holy prophets
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the words that the holy prophets spoke in the past" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
the command of our Lord and Savior given through your apostles
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the command of our Lord and Savior, which your apostles gave to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
2 Peter 3:3
Know this first
"Know this as the most important thing." See how you translated this in 2 Peter 1:20.
proceed according to their own desires
Here the word "desires" refers to sinful desires that are opposed to God's will. Alternate translation: "live according to their own sinful desires" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])
proceed
act, behave
2 Peter 3:4
Where is the promise of his return?
The mockers ask this rhetorical question to emphasize that they do not believe that Jesus will return. The word "promise" refers to the fulfillment of the promise that Jesus will return. Alternate translation: "The promise that Jesus would return is not true! He will not return!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
our fathers fell asleep
Here "fathers" refers to ancestors who lived long ago. Falling asleep is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: "our ancestors died" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-euphemism/01.md]])
all things have stayed the same, since the beginning of creation
The mockers exaggerate with the word "all," and they argue that since nothing in the world has ever changed, it cannot be true that Jesus will return. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])
since the beginning of creation
This can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "since God created the world" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])
2 Peter 3:5
by the word of God the heavens and the earth came to exist
"God spoke and the heavens and the earth came to exist"
came to exist out of water and through water
This means that God caused the land to come up out of the water, gathering the bodies of water together to make the land appear.
2 Peter 3:6
through which
Here "which" refers to God's word and water.
the world at that time was destroyed, being flooded with water
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God flooded the world that existed at that time with water and destroyed it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
2 Peter 3:7
By the same word the heavens and the earth are reserved for fire
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God, by that same word, has reserved the heavens and the earth for fire" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
the same word
"that same command"
fire, being kept for the day of judgment
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "fire. God is reserving them for the day of judgment" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
for the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly people
This can be stated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: "for the day when he judges and destroys ungodly people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])
2 Peter 3:8
It should not escape your notice
"You should not fail to understand this" or "Do not ignore this"
that one day with the Lord is like a thousand years
"that from the Lord's point of view, one day is like a thousand years"
2 Peter 3:9
The Lord does not move slowly concerning his promises
"The Lord does not move slowly to fulfill his promises"
as some consider slowness to be
Some people think that the Lord is slow to fulfill his promises because their perspective of time is different from God's.
2 Peter 3:10
However ... laid bare
Although the Lord is being patient and wants people to repent, he will indeed return and bring judgment.
the day of the Lord will come as a thief
Peter speaks of the day when God will judge everyone as if it were a thief who will come unexpectedly, and the people will be surprised when it happens. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-simile/01.md]])
The heavens will pass away
"The heavens will disappear"
The elements will be burned with fire
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will burn the elements with fire" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
The elements
Possible meanings are 1) the heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars or 2) the things that make up heaven and earth, such as soil, air, fire, and water.
the earth and the deeds in it will be laid bare
God will see all the earth and all the deeds of everyone, and he will then judge everything. This can be stated in active terms. Alternate translation: "God will expose the earth and everything that people have done on it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
2 Peter 3:11
Connecting Statement:
Peter begins to tell the believers how they should live as they wait for the day of the Lord.
Since all these things will be destroyed in this way
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Since God will destroy all these things in this way" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
what kind of people should you be?
Peter uses this rhetorical question to emphasize what he will say next, that they "should live holy and godly lives." Alternate translation: "you know what kind of people you should be." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])
2 Peter 3:12
the heavens will be destroyed by fire, and the elements will be melted in great heat
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will destroy the heavens by fire, and he will melt the elements in great heat" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
the elements
Possible meanings are 1) the heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars or 2) the things that make up heaven and earth, such as soil, air, fire, and water. See how you translated this in 2 Peter 3:10.
2 Peter 3:13
where righteousness will dwell
Peter speaks of "righteousness" as if it were a person. This is a metonym for people who are righteous. Alternate translation: "where righteous people will dwell" or "where people will live righteously" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-personification/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
2 Peter 3:14
do your best to be found spotless and blameless before him, in peace
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "do your best to live in such a way that God will find you spotless and blameless, and be at peace with him and each other" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
spotless and blameless
The words "spotless" and "blameless" mean basically the same thing and emphasize moral purity. Alternate translation: "completely pure" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])
spotless
Here this stands for "faultless." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
2 Peter 3:15
Also, consider the patience of our Lord to be salvation
Because the Lord is patient, the day of judgment has not yet happened. This gives people an opportunity to repent and be saved, as he explained in 2 Peter 3:9. Alternate translation: "Also, think about the patience of our Lord as giving people an opportunity to repent and be saved" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])
according to the wisdom that was given to him
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "according to the wisdom that God gave to him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
2 Peter 3:16
Paul speaks of these things in all his letters
"Paul speaks of the patience of God leading to salvation in all his letters"
in which there are things that are difficult to understand
There are things in Paul's letters that are difficult to understand.
Ignorant and unstable men distort these things
Ignorant and unstable men misinterpret the things that are difficult to understand in Paul's letters.
Ignorant and unstable
"Unlearned and unsteady." These men have not been taught how to properly interpret scripture and are not well established in the truth of the gospel.
to their own destruction
"resulting in their own destruction"
2 Peter 3:17
Connecting Statement:
Peter finishes instructing the believers and ends his letter.
since you know about these things
"These things" refers to the truths about the patience of God and the teachings of these false teachers.
guard yourselves
"protect yourselves"
so that you are not led astray by the deceit of lawless people
Here "led astray" is a metaphor for being persuaded to do something wrong. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so that lawless people do not deceive you and cause you do something wrong" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
you lose your own faithfulness
Faithfulness is spoken of as if it were a possession that believers could lose. Alternate translation: "you stop being faithful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
2 Peter 3:18
grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ
Here growing in the grace and knowledge of the Lord represents experiencing his grace more and knowing him more. The abstract noun "grace" can be expressed with the phrase "act kindly." Alternate translation: "receive more of the grace of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, and know him more" or "be more aware of how our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ acts kindly toward you, and know him better" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])