Colossians
Colossians front
Colossians front:intro
Introduction to Colossians
Part 1: General Introduction
Outline of the Book of Colossians
- Greeting, thanksgiving, and prayer (1:1-12)
- The person and work of Christ
- Deliverance and redemption (1:13-14)
- Christ: the Image of the invisible God, and the One who is over all creation (1:15-17)
- Christ is the Head of the Church, and the Church trusts in him (1:18-2:7)
- Tests of faithfulness
- Warnings against false teachers (2:8-19)
- True godliness is not rigid rules and unbending traditions (2:20-23)
- Teaching and living
- Life in Christ (3:1-4)
- Old and new life (3:5-17)
- Christian family (3:18-4:1)
- Christian behavior (4:2-6)
- Closing and greetings
- Paul thanks Tychicus and Onesimus (4:7-9)
- Paul sends greetings from his associates (4:10-14)
- Paul gives directions to Archippus and the Christians in Laodicea (4:15-17)
- Paul's personal greeting (4:18)
Who wrote the Book of Colossians?
Paul wrote the Book of Colossians. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.
Paul wrote this letter while in prison in Rome.
What is the Book of Colossians about?
Paul wrote this letter to the believers in the Asia Minor city of Colossae. The main purpose of this letter was to defend the gospel against false teachers. He did this by praising Jesus as the image of God, sustainer of all things, and head of the church. Paul wanted them to understand that only Christ is needed for God to accept them.
How should the title of this book be translated?
Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Colossians." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Letter to the Church in Colossae," or "A Letter to the Christians in Colossae." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])
Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
What were the religious issues that the church in Colossae struggled with?
In the church in Colossae, there were false teachers. Their exact teaching is unknown. But they probably taught their followers to worship angels and to obey strict rules about religious ceremonies. They probably also taught that a male must be circumcised and that believers should eat only certain types of food. Paul said these false teachings came from the minds of men and not from God.
How did Paul use the imagery of heaven and earth?
In this letter, Paul twice speaks of things in heaven as "things above." He distinguishes it from the earth, which other parts of Scripture speak of as being "below." The purpose of this imagery was to teach Christians to live in a way that honors God, who lives in heaven above. Paul is not teaching that the earth or the physical world is evil. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])
Part 3: Important Translation Issues
How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in Colossians in the ULB?
The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In Colossians, these words usually indicate a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. So Colossians in the ULB uses "believers" or "those who believe in him." (See: 1:2, 12, 26)
Was Jesus created or is he eternal?
Jesus was not a created being but has always existed as God. Jesus also became a human being. There is potential for confusion in Colossians 1:15 where it says Jesus "is the firstborn of all creation." This statement means that Jesus is dominant over all of creation. It does not mean that he was the first thing God created. Translators should be careful not to imply that Jesus is a created being.
What does Paul mean by the expressions "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.?
Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believers. See the introduction to the book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.
What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Colossians?
For the following verses, some modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.
- "May grace be to you, and peace from God our Father" (1:2). Some older versions have a longer reading: "Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ."
- "Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who is a faithful servant of Christ on our behalf" (1:7). Some older versions read "for you": "Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, a faithful servant of Christ for you."
- "the Father, who has made you able to have a share in the inheritance of the believers in light" (1:12). Some older versions read, "the Father, who has qualified us for a share in the inheritance in light."
- "In his Son we have redemption" (1:14). Some older versions read, "In his Son we have redemption through his blood."
- "and forgave us all of our trespasses" (2:13). Some older versions read: "and forgave you all of your trespasses."
- "When Christ appears, who is your life" (3:4). Some older versions read, "When Christ appears, who is our life."
- "It is for these things that the wrath of God is coming on the sons of disobedience" (3:6). The ULB and many other modern versions read this way. However, some modern and older versions read, "It is for these things that the wrath of God is coming."
- "I sent him to you for this, that you might know the matters about us" (4:8). Some older versions read, "I sent him to you for this, that he might know the matters about you."
(See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-textvariants/01.md]])
Colossians 1
Colossians 1:intro-0
Colossians 01 General Notes
Structure and formatting
As in a typical letter, Paul begins his letter in verses 1-2 by introducing Timothy and himself to the Christians in Colossae.
Paul writes much of this chapter around two subjects: who Christ is, and what Christ has done for the Christian.
Special concepts in this chapter
# Secret truth
Paul refers to a "secret truth" in this chapter. The role of the church in the plans of God was once unknown. But God has now revealed it. Part of this involves the Gentiles having equal standing with the Jews in the plans of God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/reveal.md]])
Important figures of speech in this chapter
# Images for Christian living
Paul uses many different images to describe Christian living. In this chapter, he uses the images of "walking" and "bearing fruit." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/other/fruit.md]])
Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
# Paradox
A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Verse 24 is a paradox: "Now I rejoice in my sufferings for you." People do not usually rejoice when they suffer. But in verses 25-29 Paul explains why his suffering is good. (Colossians 1:24)
Links:
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Colossians 1:1
General Information:
Though this letter is from Paul and Timothy to the Colossian believers, later in the letter Paul makes it clear that he is the writer. Most likely Timothy was with him and wrote the words down as Paul spoke. Throughout this letter the words "we," "our," and "ours" include the Colossians unless noted otherwise. The words "you," "your," and "yours" refer to the Colossian believers and so are plural unless noted otherwise. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])
an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God
"whom God chose to be an apostle of Christ Jesus"
Colossians 1:2
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Colossians 1:3
We give ... our Lord ... we always
These words do not include the Colossians. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])
Colossians 1:4
We have heard
Paul is excluding his audience. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])
your faith in Christ Jesus
"your belief in Christ Jesus"
Colossians 1:5
because of the hope reserved for you in heaven
Here "hope" stands for what the believer can confidently expect, that is, the things that God has promised to do for all believers. These things are spoken of as if they were physical objects that God was keeping in heaven for the believers to possess later. Alternate translation: "because of what you hope for that is reserved for you in heaven" or "because you are confident that God, who is in heaven, will do the many good things that he has promised you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
the word of truth, the gospel
Possible meanings are 1) "the message about the truth, the gospel" or 2) "the true message, the gospel."
Colossians 1:6
This gospel is bearing fruit and is growing
"Fruit" here is a metaphor for "result" or "outcome." Alternate translation: "This gospel is having good results, more and more" or "This gospel is having increasing results" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
in all the world
This is a generalization referring to the part of the world that they knew about. Alternate translation: "throughout the world" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md]])
the grace of God in truth
"the true grace of God"
Colossians 1:7
our beloved ... our behalf
The word "our" does not include the Colossians. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])
gospel as you learned it from Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who
"gospel. It is exactly what you learned from Epaphras, who is our beloved fellow servant and who" or "gospel. It is exactly what Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, taught you. He"
Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who is a faithful servant of Christ on our behalf
Here "on our behalf" means that Epaphras was doing work for Christ that Paul himself would have done if he were not in prison.
Epaphras
the man who preached the gospel to the people in Colossae (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])
Colossians 1:8
to us
The word "us" does not include the Colossians. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])
your love in the Spirit
Paul speaks of the Holy Spirit as if he were a place in which the believers were located. Alternate translation: "how the Holy Spirit has enabled you to love believers" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 1:9
Connecting Statement:
Because the Spirit has enabled them to love others, Paul prays for them and tells them here how he prays for them.
Because of this love
"Because the Holy Spirit has enabled you to love other believers"
we heard ... we have not stopped ... We have been asking
The word "we" does not include the Colossians. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])
from the day we heard this
"from the day Epaphras told us these things"
that you will be filled with the knowledge of his will
Paul speaks of the Colossian believers as though they were containers. Alternate translation: "that God will fill you with what you need to know so that you can do his will" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
in all wisdom and spiritual understanding
"so that the Holy Spirit will make you wise and able to understand what God wants you to do"
Colossians 1:10
We have been praying
The word "we" does not include the Colossians. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])
that you will walk worthily of the Lord in
Walking here signifies behavior in life. Alternate translation: "that you will live as God expects you to, in" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
in pleasing ways
"in ways that will please the Lord"
will bear fruit
Paul is speaking of the Colossian believers as if they were trees or plants. As a plant grows and bears fruit, so also believers are to keep getting to know God better and doing good deeds. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 1:11
We pray
The word "we" refers to Paul and Timothy but not to the Colossians. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])
into joyful perseverance and patience
Paul speaks of the Colossian believers as if God would move them into a location of perseverance and patience. In reality, he is praying that they will always be joyful and never stop trusting in God and that they will be completely patient as they honor him. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 1:12
has made you able to have a share
"has allowed you to share"
has made you able
Here Paul is focusing on his readers as receivers of God's blessings. But he does not mean that he himself has no share in those blessings.
inheritance
Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
in light
This idea is opposite to the idea of the dominion of darkness in the next verse. Alternate translation: "in the glory of his presence" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 1:13
Connecting Statement:
Paul talks about the ways in which Christ is excellent.
He has rescued us
"God has rescued us"
the dominion of darkness
"Darkness" here is a metaphor for evil. Alternate translation: "the evil forces that controlled us" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
his beloved Son
"Son" is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples/01.md]])
Colossians 1:14
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Colossians 1:15
He is the image of the invisible God
"His Son is the image of the invisible God." Here "image" does not mean a representation of something that is visible. Instead, "image" here means that by knowing the Son, we learn what God the Father is like. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
the firstborn of all creation
The expression "firstborn" does not refer to when Jesus was born. Instead, it refers to his position as the eternal Son of God the Father. In this sense, "firstborn" is a metaphor meaning "most important." Jesus is the most important and the unique Son of God. Alternate translation: "God's Son, the most important one over all creation" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
of all creation
The noun "creation" can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: "over all that God created" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnoun/01.md]])
Colossians 1:16
For in him all things were created
Here "him" refers to the Son. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "For in him God created all things" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
all things were created through him and for him
Here "him" refers to the Son. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God created all things through him and for him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
Colossians 1:17
He himself is before all things
"It is he who existed before all things"
in him all things hold together
Paul is speaking here of the Son controlling all things as if he were physically holding them together. "he holds everything together" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 1:18
He is the head
"Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is the head"
He is the head of the body, the church
Paul speaks of Jesus' position over the church as if he were the head on the human body. As the head rules the body, so does Jesus rule the church. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
the beginning
"the originating authority." He is the first chief or founder.
firstborn from among the dead
Jesus is the first person to die and come back to life, never to die again.
Colossians 1:19
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Colossians 1:20
Son
This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples/01.md]])
through the blood of his cross
"by means of the blood Jesus shed on the cross"
the blood of his cross
Here "blood" stands for the death of Christ on the cross. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
Colossians 1:21
Connecting Statement:
Paul makes it clear that God has now revealed that Christ exchanges the sin of Gentile believers for his holiness.
At one time you also
"There was a time when you Colossian believers also"
were strangers to God
"were like people whom God did not know" or "had pushed God away"
Colossians 1:22
to present you holy, blameless, and above reproach before him
Paul is describing the Colossians as though Jesus had physically washed them, put them in clean clothes, and brought them to stand before God the Father. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
blameless, and above reproach
Paul uses two concepts, "blameless" and "above reproach," that mean almost the same thing to emphasize the idea of perfection. Alternate translation: "holy and perfect" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])
before him
This expression of location stands for "in God's view" or "in God's mind" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 1:23
not moved away from the hope of the gospel that you heard
To be moved away from the hope of the gospel is a metaphor meaning to stop hoping in what God promised in the gospel. Alternate translation: "continuing in the hope of the gospel that you heard" or "continuing to hope in the promises of God that you heard about in the gospel" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
not moved away from the hope of the gospel that you heard
The hope of the gospel is the confident expectation that God will do what the gospel teaches he will do. Alternate translation: "continuing to confidently expect what is promised in the gospel"
that was proclaimed
This can be translated with an active phrase. Alternate translation: "that believers proclaimed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
to every person created under heaven
God created everyone. The phrase "under heaven" is a metonym for in the world. Alternate translation: "to every person in the world" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
the gospel of which I, Paul, became a servant
Paul was a servant of God. Alternate translation: "the gospel that I, Paul, serve God by proclaiming"
Colossians 1:24
I fill up in my flesh what is lacking of the afflictions of Christ
Paul speaks about the suffering that he continues to experience. He may be acknowledging here that there is much suffering that he and all other Christians must endure before Christ comes again, and that Christ in a spiritual sense joins with them in experiencing these hardships. Paul certainly does not mean that Christ's sufferings alone were not enough to provide salvation for the believers.
I fill up in my flesh
Paul speaks of his body as if it were a container that could hold suffering. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
for the sake of his body, which is the church
Paul often speaks of the church, the group of all Christian believers, as if it were Christ's body. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 1:25
to fulfill the word of God
This means to bring about the purpose of God's gospel message, which is that it be preached and believed. "Word of God" here is a metonym for the message from God. Alternate translation: "to be obedient to what God has instructed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
Colossians 1:26
This is the mystery that was hidden
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "This is the mystery that God had hidden" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
for ages and for generations
The words "ages" and "generations" refer to the time period from the creation of the world until the time when the gospel was preached.
now has been revealed to God's holy people
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "now God has revealed it to his holy people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
Colossians 1:27
the riches of the glory of this mystery
Paul speaks of the value of this mystery about God as if it were a treasure of material wealth. Alternate translation: "the greatness of the glory of this mystery" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
which is Christ in you
The mystery that God has made known is "Christ in you." Paul speaks of believers as if they were containers in which Christ is present. This is one of his ways of expressing the union of the believers with Christ. Alternate translation: "which is that Christ is in you" or "which is that Christ is united to you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
the hope of glory
The fact that Christ is in believers gives believers hope that they will share in God's glory. Alternate translation: "so you can confidently expect to share in God's glory" or "so you can confidently wait for God's glory"
Colossians 1:28
We proclaim ... we may present
These instances of "we" include Paul and his companions but do not include the Colossians. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])
admonish ... everyone
"warning ... everyone"
so that we may present every person
You may need to make explicit to whom they will present every person. Alternate translation: "so that we may present to God every person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])
Colossians 1:29
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Colossians 2
Colossians 2:intro-0
Colossians 02 General Notes
Special concepts in this chapter
# Circumcision and baptism
In verses 11-12, Paul uses both the old covenant sign of circumcision and the new covenant sign of baptism to show how Christians are united with Christ and freed from sin.
Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
# Flesh
This is a complex issue. "Flesh" is possibly a metaphor for our sinful nature. Paul is not teaching that the physical part of man is sinful. Paul appears to be teaching that, while Christians are alive ("in the flesh"), we will continue to sin. But our new nature will be fighting against our old nature. Paul also uses "flesh" in this chapter to refer to the physical body.
# Implicit information
Paul mentions several issues in this chapter that imply information about the context of the church in Colossae. It is best to allow the text to remain uncertain over the actual details. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])
Links:
Colossians 2:1
Connecting Statement:
Paul continues to encourage the believers in Colossae and Laodicea to understand that Christ is God and that he lives in believers, so they should live in the same way they received him.
how great a struggle I have had for you
Paul has exerted much effort in developing their purity and their understanding of the gospel.
Laodicea
This was a city very close to Colossae where there was another church for which Paul was praying.
as many as have not seen my face in the flesh
Here "face in the flesh" represents the person as a whole. Alternate translation: "all those who have never seen me personally" or "all those whom I have never met face to face" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-synecdoche/01.md]])
Colossians 2:2
so that their hearts
Paul includes the Colossians even though he uses a different pronoun. Alternate translation: "so that their hearts and yours" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-pronouns/01.md]])
brought together
This means brought together in a close relationship.
all the riches of full assurance of understanding
Paul speaks of a person who is completely sure that the good news is true as though that person were rich in physical things. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
the mystery of God
This is knowledge that can be revealed only by God.
that is, Christ
Jesus Christ is the mystery revealed by God.
Colossians 2:3
In him all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hidden
Only Christ can reveal God's true wisdom and knowledge. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God has hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge in Christ" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
the treasures of wisdom and knowledge
Paul speaks of God's wisdom and knowledge as if they were material wealth. Alternate translation: "the very precious wisdom and knowledge" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
wisdom and knowledge
These words mean basically the same thing here. Paul uses them together to emphasize that all spiritual understanding comes from Christ. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])
Colossians 2:4
trick
This means to cause someone to believe something that is not true, so he acts on that belief, and suffers harm as a result.
persuasive speech
speech that will make people change what they believe
Colossians 2:5
not with you in the flesh
The person's flesh, or physical body, is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: "not physically present with you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
I am with you in spirit
Being with someone in spirit is a metaphor for thinking continually about that person. Alternate translation: "I continually think about you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])
good order
the proper way of doing things
the strength of your faith
"how nothing and no one can cause you to stop believing"
Colossians 2:6
walk in him
Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. The words "in him" refer to being in close relationship with Christ and so doing what pleases him. Alternate translation: "live your lives the way he wants you to" or "live so that people can see that you belong to him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 2:7
Be rooted ... be built ... be established ... abound
These words explain what it means to "walk in him." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])
Be rooted in him
Paul speaks of a person with true faith in Christ as if that person were a tree growing in solid ground with deep roots. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
be built on him
Paul speaks of a person with true faith in Christ as if that person were a building that has a strong foundation. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
be established in faith
"trust in Jesus for everything"
just as you were taught
This is best stated without naming or otherwise calling attention to the teacher, who was Epaphras (Colossians 1:7). Alternate translation: "just as you learned" or "just as they taught you" or "just as he taught you"
abound in thanksgiving
Paul speaks of thanksgiving as if it were objects that a person could obtain more of. Alternate translation: "be very thankful to God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 2:8
Connecting Statement:
Paul urges the believers to be careful not to turn to the words and rules of others because nothing can add to the fullness of God that believers have in Christ.
See that
"Make sure that"
captures you
Paul speaks of the way a person can believe false teachings (because they believe false things or love the wrong things) as if someone had physically caught and held that person by force. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
philosophy
religious doctrines and beliefs that are not from God's word but are based on man's thoughts about God and life
empty deceit
Paul speaks of false ideas that produce nothing and so are without value as though they are containers with nothing in them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
the tradition of men ... the elemental spirits of the world
The "tradition of men" may refer to Jewish traditions, while "the elemental spirits of the world" refers to pagan (Gentile) belief systems. Both of these are worthless.
the elemental spirits of the world
Possible meanings are 1) spiritual powers that some people thought control what happens on earth, or 2) the laws or moral principles of the world.
Colossians 2:9
in him all the fullness of God lives in bodily form
"God's total nature lives in physical form in Christ"
Colossians 2:10
You have been filled in him
Paul speaks of people as though they were containers into which God has placed Christ. Alternate translation: "You are made complete in Christ" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
who is the head over every ruler and authority
Christ is the ruler over every other ruler (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 2:11
In him you were also circumcised
Paul is speaking of those who belong to Christ as if they were inside Christ's body. This can also be made active. Alternate translation: "When you joined the church in baptism, God circumcised you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
a circumcision not done by humans
With this metaphor, Paul says that God has made Christian believers acceptable to himself in a way that reminded him of circumcision, the ceremony through which Hebrew male babies were added to the community of Israel. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 2:12
You were buried with him in baptism
Paul speaks of being baptized and joining the assembly of believers as if it were being buried with Christ. This can be made active. Alternate translation: "God buried you with Christ when you joined the church in baptism" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
in him you were raised up
With this metaphor, Paul speaks of the new spiritual life of believers that God made possible by making Christ come alive again. This can be made active. Alternate translation: "because you have joined yourself to Christ, God raised you up" or "in him God caused you to live again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
you were raised up
Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God raised you up" or "God caused you to live again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])
Colossians 2:13
When you were dead
Paul speaks of unresponsiveness to God as if it were death. Alternate translation: "When you Colossian believers were unable to respond to God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
you were dead ... he made you alive
With this metaphor Paul speaks of coming into new spiritual life as if it were coming back to life physically. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
dead in your trespasses and in the uncircumcision of your flesh
You were dead on two accounts: 1) you were spiritually dead, living a life of sin against Christ and 2) you were not circumcised according to the law of Moses.
forgave us all of our trespasses
"he forgave us, both us Jews and you Gentiles, of all our trespasses"
Colossians 2:14
He canceled the written record of debts that stood against us
Paul speaks of the way God forgives our sins as if it were the way a person, to whom many people owe money or goods, destroys the record of that debt so they do not have to pay him back. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 2:15
made a public spectacle of them
In Roman times, it was common practice for the Roman armies to have a victory parade when they returned home, displaying all the prisoners they had captured and goods they had obtained. God was victorious over the evil powers and authorities. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
by the cross
Here "the cross" stands for Christ's death on the cross. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
Colossians 2:16
in eating or in drinking
The law of Moses included what one could eat and drink. "for what you eat or what you drink"
about a festival or a new moon, or about Sabbath days
The law of Moses specified the days to celebrate, to worship, and to offer sacrifice. "for the way you celebrate festivals or new moons or the Sabbath"
Colossians 2:17
These are a shadow of the things to come, but the substance is Christ
A shadow shows the shape of an object, but it is not the object itself. In a similar way, the festivals, celebrations, and Sabbaths show us something about how God would save people, but those things do not save people. The savior is Christ. Alternate translation: "These are like a shadow of what would happen, but the reality is Christ" or "These are like a shadow of the savior who would come, but the savior is Christ" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 2:18
Let no one ... judge you out of your prize
Here Paul refers to false teachers as if they were corrupt judges at an athletic contest who would unjustly disqualify the believers from winning the prizes they deserve, and he speaks of Christ saving a person as if Christ were giving a prize to the winner of such a contest. Alternate translation: "Let no one ... disqualify you from winning a prize" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
who wants humility
The word "humility" is a metonym for actions one does to make others think that one is humble. Alternate translation: "who wants you to do things to show that you are humble" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
enters into the things he has seen
Here Paul speaks about people who claim to have dreams and visions from God and who talk proudly about them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
becomes puffed up for no reason by his fleshly thinking
Here Paul says that sinful ways of thinking make a person arrogant. Alternate translation: "puffs himself up for no reason by means of his fleshly thinking" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
puffed up
Here a person who boasts is spoken of as if he were an object into which someone had blown air to make it larger than it should be. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
his fleshly thinking
Here the idea of flesh stands for the sinful human nature. "the sinful thoughts he naturally thinks" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 2:19
He does not hold on to the head
A person not trusting in Christ is spoken of has if they do not hold firmly to the head. Christ is spoken of as if he were the head of a body. Alternate translation: "He does not firmly grasp Christ, who is like the head of a body" or "He does not cling to Christ, who is like the head of a body" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
It is from the head that the whole body throughout its joints and ligaments is supplied and held together
Paul speaks of the church, which is ruled and empowered by Christ, as if it were a human body. Alternate translation: "It is from the head that God supplies the whole body throughout its joints and ligaments and holds it together" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 2:20
If you died together with Christ to the elemental spirits of the world
A believer is spiritually united with Christ. As Christ died, the believer has died to the elemntal spirits of the world. This is a metaphor for no longer responding to the elemenatry spirits of the world. The believer is no longer controlled by them. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
the elemental spirits of the world
See how you translated this in Colossians 2:8.
live as obligated to the world
"think you must obey the desires of the world"
the world
the thoughts, desires, and assumptions of the sinful majority of the world's people (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
Colossians 2:21
"Do ... touch"?
The rhetorical question that begins with the words "why do you live as obligated to the world" in verse 20 ends here. Paul uses this question to rebuke the Colossians for following the false beliefs of the world. "you should not live as obligated to the world: 'Do ... touch'!" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])
"Do not handle, nor taste, nor touch"
Paul is quoting what other people have been telling the Colossians and using a rhetorical question to challenge them. Alternate translation: "why do you believe them when they say, 'Do not handle, nor taste, nor touch'?" or "you should not obey them when they say, 'Do not handle, nor taste, nor touch'" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-rquestion/01.md]])
Colossians 2:22
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Colossians 2:23
These rules have the appearance of wisdom, with their self-made religion and humility and severe treatment of the body
"These rules seem wise to unbelieving people because they allow those who follow them to appear humble because they hurt their own bodies"
have no value against the indulgence of the flesh
"do not help you stop following your human desires"
Colossians 3
Colossians 3:intro-0
Colossians 03 General Notes
Structure and formatting
The second part of this chapter parallels Ephesians 5 and 6.
Special concepts in this chapter
# Old and new self
The old and new self mean the same as the old and new man. The term "old man" probably refers to the sinful nature with which a person is born. The "new man" is the new nature or new life that God gives a person after they come to believe in Christ. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/sin.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/faith.md]])
Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
# Character
Many of the things Paul encourages his readers to pursue or avoid are not actions but character qualities. Because of this, they may be difficult to translate. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])
# "The things above"
Where God dwells is often pictured as being located "above." Paul says to "seek the things above" and to "think about the things above." He is implying Christians should seek and think about heavenly and godly things.
Links:
Colossians 3:1
Connecting Statement:
Paul warns the believers that because they are one with Christ, they ought not do certain things.
If then
This is an idiom that means "because." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])
God has raised you with Christ
Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Possible meanings are 1) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, God has already given the believers in Colossae new spiritual life. Alternate translation: "God has given you new life because you belong to Christ" or 2) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, the believers in Colossae can know that after they die they will live with Christ, and Paul can speak of the believers living again as if it has already happened. Alternate translation: "you can be sure that God will give you life as he has caused Christ to come alive again" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-pastforfuture/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])
things above
"things in heaven"
where Christ is sitting at the right hand of God
To sit at the "right hand of God" is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: "where Christ is sitting in the place of honor beside God" or "where Christ is sitting in the place of honor at God's right side"(See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-symaction/01.md]])
Colossians 3:2
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Colossians 3:3
For you have died
As Christ actually died, so God counts the Colossian believers as having died with Christ. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
your life is hidden with Christ in God
Paul speaks of people's lives as if they were objects that can be hidden in containers and speaks of God as if he were a container. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) "it is as though God has taken your life and concealed it with Christ in God's presence" or 2) "only God knows what your true life really is, and he will reveal it when he reveals Christ" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 3:4
Christ appears ... you will also appear
Another possible meaning is "Christ is revealed ... you will also be revealed," which can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "God reveals Christ ... he will also reveal you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
who is your life
Christ is the one who gives spiritual life to the believer. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
Colossians 3:5
uncleanness
impure behavior
passion
strong, lustful desire
greed, which is idolatry
"greed, which is the same thing as idolatry" or "do not be greedy because that is the same as worshiping idols"
Colossians 3:6
wrath of God
God's anger against those who do evil as shown by what he does to punish them.
the sons of disobedience
This is an idiom that means they were characterized by disobedience. The abstract noun "disobedience" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "disobedient people" or "people who disobey him" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])
Colossians 3:7
It is in these things that you also once walked
Paul speaks of the way a person behaves as if it were a road or path a person walks on. Alternate translation: "These are the things you used to do" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
when you lived in them
Possible meanings are 1) "when you practiced these things" or 2) "when you lived among the people who disobey God" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 3:8
evil intentions
"desire to do wicked deeds"
slander
speech used to hurt others by saying untrue things about them
obscene speech
words that do not belong in polite conversation
from your mouth
Here "mouth" is a metonym for talk. "in your talk" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
Colossians 3:9
Connecting Statement:
Paul continues to tell the believers how to live and reminds them that Christians should treat everyone according to the same standard.
you have taken off the old man with its practices
Here Paul is speaking of a Christian's rejecting his old sinful life as if it were an old garment that he takes off in order to put on a new garment. It was very common for Israelites such as Paul to speak of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 3:10
and you have put on the new man
Here Paul is speaking of a Christian's rejecting his old sinful life as if it were an old garment that he takes off (verse 9) in order to put on a new garment. It was very common for Israelites such as Paul to speak of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
the image
This refers to Jesus Christ. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
Colossians 3:11
there is no Greek and Jew, circumcision and uncircumcision, barbarian, Scythian, slave, freeman
These terms are examples of the categories of people that Paul says do not matter for God. God sees every person alike, not by race, religion, nationality, or social status. Alternate translation: "race, religion, culture, and social status do not matter" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
barbarian
a foreigner who does not know local customs
Scythian
This is someone from the land of Scythia, which was outside the Roman Empire. Greeks and Romans used this word for someone who grew up in a place where everyone did wicked things all the time.
Christ is all, and is in all
Nothing is excluded or left out of the rule of Christ. Alternate translation: "Christ is all important and lives in all his people" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])
Colossians 3:12
as God's chosen ones, holy and beloved
This can be made active. Alternate translation: "as those whom God has chosen for himself, whom he desires to see live for him alone, and whom he loves" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-activepassive/01.md]])
put on a heart of mercy, kindness, humility, meekness, and patience
The "heart" is a metaphor for feelings and attitudes. Here it is spoken of as if it had certain feelings and attitudes, and as if it were clothing to wear. Alternate translation: "have a merciful, kind, humble, meek, and patient heart" or "be merciful, kind, humble, meek, and patient" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 3:13
Bear with one another
"Be patient with one another" or "Accept each other even when you disappoint each other"
Be gracious to each other
"Treat others better than they deserve to have you to treat them"
has a complaint against
The abstract noun "complaint" can be stated as "complain." Alternate translation: "has a reason to complain against" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])
Colossians 3:14
have love, which is the bond of perfection
Here "bond of perfection" is a metaphor for something that causes perfect unity among people. Alternate translation: "love one another because doing so will unite you perfectly together. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 3:15
Let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts
Paul speaks of the peace that Christ gives as if it were a ruler. Possible meanings are 1) "Do everything so that you can have peaceful relationships with each other" or 2) "Allow God to give you peace in your heart" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
in your hearts
Here "hearts" is a metonym for a people's minds or inner beings. Alternate translation: "in your minds" or "inside of you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
Colossians 3:16
Let the word of Christ live in you richly
Paul speaks of Christ's word as if it were a person capable of living inside other people. "Word of Christ" here is a metonym for the teachings of Christ. Alternate translation: "Be obedient to the instructions of Christ" or "Always trust Christ's promises" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
admonish one another
"caution and encourage one another"
with psalms and hymns and spiritual songs
"with all sorts of songs to praise God"
Sing with thankfulness in your hearts
Here "hearts" is a metonym for people's minds or inner beings. Alternate translation: "Sing with thankfulness in your minds" or "Sing and be thankful" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
Colossians 3:17
in word or in deed
"in speaking or in acting"
in the name of the Lord Jesus
Acting in the name of a person here is a metonym for acting to help other people think well of that person. Alternate translation: "to honor the Lord Jesus" or "so that others will know you belong to the Lord Jesus and will think well of him" or "as if the Lord Jesus himself were doing it" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
through him
Possible meanings are 1) because he has done great deeds or 2) because he has made it possible for people to speak to God and so give him thanks. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 3:18
Connecting Statement:
Paul begins to give special instructions to wives, husbands, children, fathers, slaves, and masters.
Wives, submit to
"Wives, obey"
it is appropriate
"it is proper" or "it is right"
Colossians 3:19
do not be bitter against
"do not be harsh with" or "do not be angry toward"
Colossians 3:20
General Information:
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Colossians 3:21
do not provoke your children
"do not needlessly make your children angry"
Colossians 3:22
obey your masters according to the flesh
"obey your human masters"
things, not with eye-service, as people-pleasers, but with a sincere heart
"things. Do not obey only when your master is watching, as though you need only to please people, but be sincere"
with a sincere heart
"Heart" here is a metonym for a person's thoughts or intentions. Alternate translation: "with all honest intentions" or "with sincerity" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
Colossians 3:23
as to the Lord
"as you would work for the Lord"
Colossians 3:24
the reward of the inheritance
"the inheritance as your reward"
inheritance
Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 3:25
anyone who does unrighteousness will receive the penalty
The phrase "receive the penalty" means to be punished. Alternate translation: "anyone who does unrighteousness will be punished" or "God will punish anyone who does what is unrighteous"
who does unrighteousness
who actively does wrong of any kind
there is no partiality
The abstract noun "partiality" can be expressed with the verb "favor." To favor some people is to judge them by different standards so the result is better for them than for others who do the same actions. Alternate translation: "God does not favor anyone" or "God judges everyone by the same standard" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md]])
Colossians 4
Colossians 4:intro-0
Colossians 04 General Notes
Structure and formatting
Colossians 4:1 appears to belong with the topics of Chapter 3 instead of Chapter 4.
Special concepts in this chapter
# "In my own hand"
It was common in the ancient Near East for the author to speak and someone else to write down the words. Many of the New Testament letters were written this way. Paul wrote the final greeting himself.
Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
# Secret truth
Paul refers to a "secret truth" in this chapter. The role of the church in the plans of God was once unknown. But God has now revealed it. Part of this involves the Gentiles having equal standing with the Jews in the plans of God. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/reveal.md]])
Links:
<< |
Colossians 4:1
Connecting Statement:
After speaking to masters, Paul ends his special instructions to the different kinds of believers in the church at Colossae.
right and fair
These words mean almost the same thing and are used to emphasize the things that are morally correct. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-doublet/01.md]])
you also have a master in heaven
Paul implies that God, as the master in heaven, will give his servants what is right and fair. This could be blessing for the earthly master who treats his servants kindly or punishment for the earthly master who treats his servants unkindly. Alternate translation: "God in heaven is your master"
Colossians 4:2
Connecting Statement:
Paul continues to give instructions to believers on how to live and speak.
Continue steadfastly in prayer
"Keep praying faithfully" or "Keep praying consistently"
Colossians 4:3
General Information:
Here the word "us" refers to Paul and Timothy but not the Colossians. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])
God would open a door
Opening a door for someone is a metaphor for giving that person the opportunity to do something. Alternate translation: "God would provide opportunities" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
open a door for the word
"make an opportunity for us to preach his message"
the mystery of Christ
This refers to the gospel of Jesus Christ, which was not understood before Christ came.
Because of this, I am chained up
Here "chained" is a metaphor for being in prison, though he probably also was physically attached to a chain. Alternate translation: "It is for proclaiming the message of Jesus Christ that I am now in prison" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 4:4
Pray that I may make it clear
"Pray that I might be able to speak the message of Jesus Christ clearly"
Colossians 4:5
Walk in wisdom toward those outside
The idea of walking is often used for the idea of conducting one's life. Alternate translation: "Live in such a way that those who are not believers will see that you are wise" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
redeem the time
To "redeem" something means to restore it to its rightful owner. Here time is spoken of as something that can be restored and used to serve God. Alternate translation: "do the best things you can with your time" or "put the time to its best use" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 4:6
Let your words always be with grace. Let them be seasoned with salt
Food with salt is a metaphor for words that teach others and that others enjoy hearing. Alternate translation: "Let your conversation always be gracious and attractive" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
so that you may know how you should answer
"so that you may know how to answer questions from anyone about Jesus Christ" or "so that you may be able to treat every person well"
Colossians 4:7
Connecting Statement:
Paul closes with special instructions about certain people as well as greetings to and from individual believers.
the things concerning me
"everything that has been happening to me"
fellow slave
"fellow servant." Though Paul is a free man, he sees himself as a servant of Christ and sees Tychicus as a fellow servant.
Colossians 4:8
about us
These words do not include the Colossians. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])
may encourage your hearts
The heart was thought to be the center of many emotions. Alternate translation: "may encourage you" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
Colossians 4:9
General Information:
Onesimus was a slave of Philemon in Colossae. He had stolen money from Philemon and run away to Rome where he became a Christian through the ministry of Paul. Now Tychicus and Onesimus are the ones bringing Paul's letter to Colossae along with a letter from Paul to Philemon asking him to send Onesimus back to Paul.
the faithful and beloved brother
Paul calls Onesimus a fellow Christian and servant of Christ.
They will make known
"Tychicus and Onesimus will make known"
everything that has happened here
All that is taking place where Paul is currently living. Tradition says Paul was in Rome under house arrest or in prison at this time.
Colossians 4:10
Aristarchus
He was in prison with Paul in Ephesus when Paul wrote this letter to the Colossians.
if he comes
"if Mark comes"
Colossians 4:11
Jesus who is called Justus
This is a man who also worked with Paul.
These alone of the circumcision are my fellow workers for the kingdom of God
Paul uses "circumcision" here to refer to Jews because, under the Old Testament law, all male Jews had to be circumcised. Alternate translation: "These three men are the only Jewish believers working with me to proclaim God as king through Christ Jesus" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
These alone of the circumcision
"These men—Aristarchus, Mark, and Justus—alone of the circumcision"
Colossians 4:12
Epaphras
Epaphras was the man who had preached the good news to the people in Colossae (Colossians 1:7).
one of you
"from your city" or "your fellow townsman"
a slave of Christ Jesus
"a committed disciple of Christ Jesus"
always strives for you in prayer
"earnestly prays for you"
you may stand complete and fully assured
"you may stand mature and confident"
Colossians 4:13
General Information:
Laodicea and Hierapolis were towns close to Colossae.
Colossians 4:14
Demas
This man was one of Paul's co-workers.
Colossians 4:15
brothers
Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
in Laodicea
a city very close to Colossae where there was also a church
Nympha, and the church that is in her house
A woman named Nympha hosted a house church. Alternate translation: "Nympha and the group of believers that meets in her house"
Colossians 4:16
General Information:
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Colossians 4:17
Say to Archippus, "Look to the ministry that you have received in the Lord, that you should fulfill it
Paul reminds Archippus of the task God had given him and that he, Archippus, was under obligation to the Lord to fulfill it. The words "Look," "you have received," and "you should fulfill" all refer to Archippus and should be singular. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])
Colossians 4:18
Connecting Statement:
Paul closes his letter with a greeting written in his own handwriting.
Remember my chains
The word "chains" is a metaphor that Paul uses to indicate that he is in prison, but it is also likely that he was literally attached to a chain. Alternate translation: "Remember me and pray for me while I am in prison" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
May grace be with you
Here "grace" stands for God, who shows grace or acts kindly to believers. Alternate translation: "I pray that our Lord Jesus Christ would continue to act graciously toward you all" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])