2 John
2 John front
2 John front:intro
Introduction to 2 John
Part 1: General Introduction
Outline of the Book of 2 John
- Greeting (1:1-3)
- Encouragement and the greatest commandment (1:4-6)
- Warning about false teachers (1:7–11)
- Greetings from fellow believers (1:12-13)
Who wrote the Book of 2 John?
The letter does not name of the author. The author only identified himself as "the elder." The letter was probably written by the Apostle John near the end of his life. The content of 2 John is similar to the content in John's Gospel.
What is the Book of 2 John about?
John addressed this letter to someone he called "the chosen lady" and to "her children" (1:1). This could refer to a specific friend and her children. Or it could refer to a specific group of believers or to believers in general. John's purpose in writing this letter was to warn his audience about false teachers. John did not want believers helping or giving money to false teachers. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
How should the title of this book be translated?
Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "2 John" or "Second John." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "The Second Letter from John" or "The Second Letter John Wrote." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/translate-names/01.md]])
Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
What is hospitality?
Hospitality was an important concept in the ancient Near East. It was important to be friendly towards foreigners or outsiders and provide help to them if they needed it. John wanted believers to offer hospitality to guests. However, he did not want believers to offer hospitality to false teachers.
Who were the people John spoke against?
The people John spoke against were possibly those who would become known as Gnostics. These people believed that the physical world was evil. Since they believed Jesus was divine, they denied that he was truly human. This is because they thought God would not become human since the physical body is evil. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_tw/src/master/bible/kt/evil.md]])
2 John 1
2 John 1:1
General Information:
Tradition identifies the apostle John as the writer of this letter. Though possibly addressed to an individual woman, because he writes that they should "love one another," this is probably to a church. All instances of "you" and "your" in this letter are plural unless noted otherwise. In this letter, John includes himself and his readers by using the word "us" and "our." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]] and [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-exclusive/01.md]])
From the elder to the chosen lady and her children
This is how letters were started. The name of the author can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "I, John the elder, am writing this letter to the chosen lady and her children" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])
the elder
This refers to John, the apostle and disciple of Jesus. He refers to himself as "elder" either because of his old age or because he is a leader in the church.
to the chosen lady and her children
This probably refers to a congregation and the believers that belong to it. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
2 John 1:2
General Information:
This page has intentionally been left blank.
2 John 1:3
Father ... Son
These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples/01.md]])
in truth and love
The word "truth" describes "love." Possibly the phrase means "in true love." (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-hendiadys/01.md]])
2 John 1:4
your children
The word "your" is singular. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])
just as we have received this commandment from the Father
"just as God the Father commanded us"
2 John 1:5
you, lady ... writing to you
These instances of "you" are singular. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])
I were writing to you a new commandment, but one that we have had from the beginning
Here, "beginning" refers to "when we first believed." Alternate translation: "I were commanding you to do something new, but what Christ commanded us to do when we first believed" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-explicit/01.md]])
beginning—that we should love one another
This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: "beginning. He commanded that we should love one another"
2 John 1:6
This is the commandment, just as you heard from the beginning, that you should walk in it
Conducting our lives according to God's commands is spoken of as if we were walking in them. The word "it" refers to love. "And he has commanded you, since you first believed, to love one another" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])
2 John 1:7
Connecting Statement:
John warns his readers of deceivers, reminds them to remain in Christ's teaching, and warns them to stay away from those who do not remain in Christ's teaching.
For many deceivers have gone out into the world
"For many false teachers have left the congregation" or "For many deceivers are in the world"
many deceivers
"many false teachers" or "many imposters"
Jesus Christ came in the flesh
Coming in the flesh is a metonym for being a real person. Alternate translation: "Jesus Christ came as a real human" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metonymy/01.md]])
This is the deceiver and the antichrist
"They are the ones who deceive others and oppose Christ himself"
2 John 1:8
Look to yourselves
"Watch out" or "Pay attention" or "Be on guard"
lose the things
"lose your future rewards in heaven"
the things for which we have labored
Another possible meaning is, "the things that we have accomplished."
full reward
"complete reward in heaven"
2 John 1:9
Whoever goes on ahead
This refers to a person who claims to know more about God and truth than everyone else. Alternate translation: "Whoever claims to know more about God" or "Whoever disobeys the truth"
goes on ahead
Some versions read, "transgresses."
does not have God
"does not belong to God"
The one who remains in the teaching, this one has both the Father and the Son
"Someone who follows Christ's teaching belongs to both the Father and the Son"
the Father and the Son
These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples/01.md]])
2 John 1:10
receive him into your house
Here this means to welcome him and treat him with honor in order to build a relationship with him.
2 John 1:11
participates in his evil deeds
"shares with him in his evil deeds" or "helps him in his evil deeds"
2 John 1:12
General Information:
The words "you" in verse 12 are singular. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])
Connecting Statement:
John's letter closes with his desire to visit his readers and gives greetings from another church.
I did not wish to write them with paper and ink
John does not wish to write these other things but would like to come say the words to them. He is not saying that he would write them with something other than paper and ink.
I hope to come to you
John wants to visit his readers but he does not know with certainty that he would be able to visit them. Alternate transaltion: "I plan to come to you" or "I want to come to you"
speak face to face
"Speak face to face" here is an idiom, meaning "to speak in their presence." Alternate translation: "speak in your presence" or "speak to you in person" (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-idiom/01.md]])
2 John 1:13
General Information
The word "your" in verse 13 is plural. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-you/01.md]])
The children of your chosen sister
Here John speaks of this other church as if it were a sister to the readers' church and the believers that are a part of that church as if they were that church's children. This emphasizes that all believers are a spiritual family. (See: [[https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ta/src/master/translate/figs-metaphor/01.md]])